Paraguay

Sources from old books

1682. Cosmography and geography in two parts by Richard Blome

THe Province of PARAGƲAY, or Rio de la Plata, (other then the Province de la Plata in Peru) is on the River which those of the Country call Paraguay, the Spaniards Rio de la Plata, from whence it takes its name: We may comprehend under the name of Paraguay, or Rio de la Plata, all the neighbouring Provinces, and those which are on the Rivers falling into the Paraguay; and consider them in three, or in seven parts: To wit, in Paraguay or Rio de la Plata, which may make the higher, and lower part of that which is upon the River; Into, Chaco and Tucuman, which are on the Rivers, which descend on the right hand, and into Parana, Guayr and Ʋraig, which are on the Rivers which descend on the left hand: These are towards Brazile, and the Mer del Nort; the other two, towards Peru and Chili, and the two first in the middle.

• 1.41The River of Paraguay, or de la Plata, hath its springs in the Lake of Xarajes on the confines of Peru and Brazile; and descending from north to South, turns in the end to South-East, receives a great many fair and large Rivers, among others; Putomayo, Vermejo, or Salado, and la Garzarone on one side, Guaxarape, Parana, and Ʋraig on the other.

The Paraguay falling into the Sea makes a Gulf of fifty and odd Leagues wide, between the Capes of St. Mary and St. Anthony; and an hundred and fifty Leagues within Land is ten or twelve, and descending farther fifteen, twenty or five and twenty Leagues broad; but of so little depth, and so cumbred with Rooks and Banks, that what with them, and the sudden storms which often rise from the South, sailing up it proves very dangerous.

• 1.42The particular Province of Paraguay, in the highest part of the River is little known, nor have the Spaniards here any Colonies, yet it bears its name common with the River, and communicates it to all the neighbouring quarters: The People are not so barbarous as in Brazile;* 1.43 some addicting themselves to Husbandry, in which the men till and sow the ground, and the Women reap and gather in Harvest; others know how to make Stuffs, Vestments, spin Cotton, &c.

• 1.44Below Paraguay is the Province dela Plata, where the Spaniards have some Colonies; viz. 1. The Assumption being the chief place in this Countrey, is well built, and very well frequented, neighboured by a great Lake, in the midst of which is a great Rock, which exalteth its head about one hundred fathom above the water; this Town is said to be inhabited by three sorts of people: viz. 1 By natural Spaniards who are Masters of it, to the number of about four hundred families. 2. Mulatoes, being those that are born of Spaniards and Negro's, of which there are said to be several thousands; and lastly, by Mestizo's, which are such as are begotten by the Spaniards upon the Natives, and these are not in such great number: The next Town of note is Buenos Ayres, seated on the ascent of a small Hill, on the Southern Bank of the River de la Plata, said to contain about two hundred families of Spaniards. It is encompassed with a Mud-Wall, but its chiefest strength is in its Castle, which is but small neither over-well provided with Ordnance and Ammunition; the other Towns are, Las Siette Corrientes, St. Fe and St. Spiritu, or Torre di Gabboto; the two last, and Buenos Ayres, are on the right side; the Assumption, and Las Corrientes, on the left, and this two hundred and fifty, or three hundred Leagues from the Sea; Buenos Ayres little less than an hundred; St. Fe little more; the Assumption alone is on the Paraguay, Las Siette Corrientes where the Parana, &c. falls into the Paraguay.

• 1.45This name of Paraguay is given by the Natives of the Country, and signifieth a River of Feathers, either because there are here found great quantities of Birds, whose Feathers are various and of divers colours; or because those of the Country, dress and adorn themselves with those Feathers. The name de la Plata hath been given by the Spaniards, and signifieth Silver; because the first that came to them from Peru, came down this River.

• 1.46CHACO hath its soil fat, fruitful, and enterlaced with many Rivers. It is inhabited by divers Nations, whose Idioms are very different. The Tobares have about fifty thousand souls. The Mathaguaici's thirty thousand, but not so valiant, as the Chiriguanes, a Nation much esteemed, and which will not suffer the Spaniards to inhabit amongst them; they are in continual War with the Mathaguaici's, making Slaves of as many as they can catch, which made these call the Spaniards to their aid. The Moconios and Zipatalagars have no sewer people then the Tobares, and all so valiant in War, that the Chiriguanes dare not assault them. There is likewise another Nation, whose Language, as they say, scarce yields to the Latine; but the beauty of the Orechons, is in the greatness of their Ears. The most part of these people are well-made, very tall, most of them being about six foot high, they are of an airy and lively spirit.

• 1.47TƲCƲMAN is very large, being no less then three hundred Leagues long and broad; yet it touches not the Sea on any side; la Plata bounds it on the East, Chili on the West, Peru and Chaco on the North, and the Magellanick Land on the South. The Air and Soil should be excellent; this Country disingaging it self from the Torrid Zone, and advancing towards the middle of the Temperate Zone; and almost all the Rivers having their courses towards the East, which brings some refreshment. And moreover they have but two seasons in the year, each of six months: the Summer from about the twentieth of March, unto the twentieth of September, and the Winter, from September to March.

• 1.48Among the People of these quarters, the Tucumans are the most famous, since they have given their name to the Province; then the Zuries, Diaguites, &c. The Castilians have established here divers Colonies, that the Province de la Plata might have communication with those of Peru and Chili.* 1.49 St. Jago del Estero formerly Varco, is in the mid-way between Buenos Ayres and 'Potossi; two hundred and fifty Leagues from this, and little less from the other. This place is honoured with the seat of the Governour of the Province, as also with a Bishops See, and divers other Officers of the King. The Land is furnished with Wool,* 1.50 Cotton, Wood, with which they make and dye their Manufactures, Cocheneile, &c. which they carry to the nearest Capitanies of Brazibe, making great profit by them.

• 1.51After St. Jago del Estero; there is likewise on the way to Peru, 1. St. Michael de Tucuman, seated at the foot of a rocky Mountain, but near a fertile Soil, both for Corn and Pasturage. 2. Nuestra Sennora de Talavera, scituate on the River Salado, in a fruitful Soil, abounding plentifully in Cotton, of which the Inhabitants make several Manufactures, in which they are so industrious, that they have gained by their Trade (to the Mines of Potossi a hundred and forty Leagues distant, and other places,) great riches. 3. Las Juntas. 4. St. Salvador. 5. Salta. 6. Corduba, on another side, and there where two great Waies meet, the one of Buenos Ayres, to Potossi by St. Jago del Estero, and the other of Sancto be and Spiritu Sancto to St. Jago del Estremadura in Chili by St. Luyz, which makes this place of some consideration: Besides that the Air is temperate, and the Soil fruitful and pleasant, and which yields Grains and Fruits, it is well watred with fresh streams, in which are good Fish. In their Woods they have Fowls, much Venison and other Beasts; they have Wine, Salt, and in their Mountains appearance of some Mines of Silver. The Colony is of three hundred, others say six hundred Spaniards. Their principal trade is on Peru and Chili side. The Natives are much civilized both in habit and manners, imitating the Spaniards, from whom they are willing to receive instructions.

• 1.53The Provinces of PARANA, GƲAYR and VRAIG pass under the name of Paraguay, in the relations which the Fathers Jesuits give. It says, that these Fathers having long observed that there was an innumerable company of Souls, which might be converted to Christianity; they cast themselves among these Barbarians, learned their tongue, drew them from the Woods, Mountains, and hidden Caves; assembled them in divers habitation; and by this means lead them to a sociable life, taught them first Tillage, and the most necessary Arts and Manufactures; then to read and write, to musick, singing and dancing, but above all instructed them in the Christian Religion, and Piety.

• 1.54These Habitations are composed of near a thousand Families; and each Family besides the Father, Mother, and the Children; receive often some aged person, not able to work, or some Orphan. So soon as a Habitation is established, the Fathers introduce the Government they are to follow; give them Magistrates and Officers, chosen among the most capable of their Body, declare to them the polity and rules they are to observe, take care that the fields assigned to each family be tilled and sowed in due time, that their flocks be well kept; and if there happen any contest among them, what the Fathers ordain stands as a sentence without revocation.

Of these Habitations; Parana hath six, St. Ignatius on the River of Tibiquari, Itapoa or the Incarnation, and the Holy Sacrament on the River of Parana, N. D. de Yguazu on that of Iguazu, Acaraig or la Nativita de N. D. likewise on the Parana. The Air in all these Habitations is good; the Soil fertile, they have too much Wood, little Pasturage; and near Yguazu little Fish, by reason of the Cataract.

• 1.55The Province of Guayr is under the Tropick of Capricorn, advancing it self unto Brazile. There hath been here, for a good continuance of time two or three Colonies of Castilians; Cividad Real, or Ontiveros, and sometimes Guayr, after the name of the Province. Villarica, and St. Paul, which some esteem in Brazile. The habitations for those of the Country, are Nuestra Sennora de Loretto, and St. Ignatius on the Parana; St. Francis Xavier L Incarnation, and St. Joseph on the Tibagiva; the seven Arch-Angels, and St. Paul in the Land of great Tajoba, towards Brazile.

• 1.56Below Cividad Real, there where is the separation of the two Provinces of Parama and Guayr, the River Parana makes a Cataract, as remarkable as any in the World. This River precipitating it self from a very high Rock, finds it self likewise engaged among very high Rocks for the space of fifteen or sixteen Leagues, where with a great declension it strikes against some, traverses others; divides its waters into many Branches, re-assembles them; and after having been so long in foam and froth, disingaged from these Rocks, it repasses; but in every hour of the day once only is heard, at the bottom of the River, a certain Lowing, which raiseth up the waters, but which endures but for a moment, and the River retakes its ordinary course, which is Navigable above and below the Cataract.

• 1.57The Province of Ʋrvaig is on the Sea, and between Brazile, and the Mouth of the Paraguay; it takes its name from the River of Ʋrvaig, that is, of Snails, by reason of the prodigious quantity here found. Its habitations are, La Conception, there where the Ʋrvaig falls into the Paraguay; St. Nicholas, on the River Piration; St. Francis Xavier, up within Land; and likewise on the Ʋrvaig; Ibicuit, or the Visitation, on the Paraguay, and almost directly opposite to Buenos Ayres, on the other side.

But there hath been no relation of these Parts since those of 1626, and 1627, which were Printed in 1636 in Antwerp, and in 1637 in France. If these people have since inclined themselves to Christianity, as those Relations say they had begun to do, no doubt, but they are by this time, all or the greatest part, Christians.

The Magellanick Land, and Island.

• 1.58SOuth of Chili, Tucaman, and Rio de la Plata, lies a great Region, and a great many of Isles, which we pass under the name of the MAGELLANICKS. They make together the last, and most Southern part of America Meridionalis: washed on the East by the Mer del Nort, on the West by the Mer del Sud, or the Pacifique-Sea; on the South by the Magellanick-Sea, which may in general be extended over all the Coasts of these Magellanick-Lands and Islands.

• 1.59The streight of Magellan only, formerly, rendred all these Quarters famous; because that the People of Europe, and particularly the Castilians, seeking a passage other then that of the Cape of Good-Hope, to go to the Moluccoes, and East-Indies; Magellan, a Portugal Gentleman, but in the name and service of the King of Castile for some discontent he had received in the payment of his wages in Portugal, was the first that found this Streight at the extremity of America Meridionalis; and who passing from Mer del Nort, unto that Del Sud, between the 21 of October, and the 27, or 28 of November; in the year 1520, gave means, not only to the Castilians, to pretend the discovery of the Molucco's, by the West, against the Portugals, who boasted to have first discovered them by the East: but likewise shewed a way to make the whole circuit of the Terrestrial Globe, which certainly had never before been done.

The two openings of our Streight, as well towards us, and the Mer del Nort, as on the other side, and towards the Mer del Sud, are between the 52, and 53 Degrees of Latitude, the middle descending unto the 54. And the two Capes of the first opening, are that of the Virgins, on the right hand, and on the Continent; and that of St. Severin, or of St. Espritt, on the left, and in the Magellanick Isles, or Terra del Fogo. The two Capes which end the other opening, are Cape Victory, on the right hand, and Cape Desired, on the left.

• 1.60The length of this Streight is near two hundred Leagues; Its breadth only two, three, six, ten Leagues, and sometimes more; incommodious for the most part, being subject to Whirl-Pools. The Waves of the Mer del Sud predominate for fifty and odd Leagues, the rest is beaten on by those of the Mer del Nort; and it is observed, that so long as the Mer del Sud predominates, the Streight is lockt between very high Mountains and Rocks, always covered with Snow, and which seem to touch on the other; which makes the approach difficult on this side, and withal, the Sea is exceeding deep. The bottom of that which is beaten by the Mer del Nort, is easily found, and the Fields and Valleys, according to the Season, are very pleasant, both on the one and the other side. And moreover, here the streight much enlarges it self, and hath store of commodious Ports and Roads, not fast distant from one another; where the waters likewise are good, and the Wood which is found in the Mountains, above the Coast, hath something of Cinamon, and being put in the fire, renders an agreeable Odour.

So soon as the discovery of this Streight was known in Spain, the Castilians had a design to make themselves Masters of it; with an intent to hinder all other Nations from passing. In 1523 Dom. Gutieres Carvajal, Bishop of Plaisance, sent in the name of Charles the fifth, four Ships, to make it more particularly; but this Voyage proved very unfortunate, for three of the Ships perished in the Streight, and the fourth retired (with no small hurt) to Lima. In 1526 Garsia de Loyosa was likewise here for the same intent, which proved also fatal; for the Admiral coming out of the Streight was lost, as also some at the Molucco's. In 1535 one Simon de Alcazova entred it; but the mutiny which was among his people was the cause of his loss and ill success. Dom.

Gutiers Carvajal, Bishop of Plaisance, sent other three Vessels, in 1539, of which the Admiral was lost, one returned back, and the third passed on. Some others there were which went (all of which were Castilians) some by the Coast of Spain, others by the Coast of Peru; but none could ever find a way to seize this Streight, whereby to hinder a passage to others.

• 1.61For in 1575 Sir Francis Drake, happily passed this Streight, came into the Mer del Sud, pillaged and burned along the Coast of Chili, and Peru, quantity of Spanish Vessels, and making a very rich booty, he returned into England.

This course of the English very much allarm'd Peru, and was the cause that the Vice-Roy sent Dom. Piedro Sarmiento, to take full knowledge, and make report in Spain of all the Coasts, Harbours, Anchorages, and particularly of places where Forts might be built, and Colonies established in this Streight. This report made in Spain, Dom. Diego de Valdes was sent with twenty three Vessels, and twenty five hundred men. But this voyage was likewise unhappy; for seven or eight Ships, with about seven or eight hundred men, were lost almost in sight of Spain; also some others of his Ships, with about three or four hundred men, likewise perished during the Voyage; and Valdes returned into Spain, with seven or eight of his Ships. Sarmento with four remaining was at this Streight, built Nombre de Jesus at the beginning of the Streight, and left there a hundred and fifty men, and began farther in the Cividad del Rey Philippe: but the want of many things, and the cold, too harsh for the Spaniards, made the last work cease, and the men be brought back to the first Colony. Pedro Sermiento returning into Spain, fell into the hands of the English, near the Coast of Brazil; and on the other side, Famine, Miseries, and the Cruelties of the Inhabitants of the Streight, soon destroyed the Colony he had left.

After Drake, many other English and Hollanders passed at divers times, and in divers years. Spilbergen in 1615. more happily then the rest, having taken his time in January and February, which is the Summer of these Quarters, the Sun returning from Capricorne.

• 1.62But in 1617 a hundred years after Magellan, Isaac le Maire, a Hollander, having discovered another Streight incomparably more easie to pass then that of Magellan, this only is now made use of, and called the Streight Dele Maire: It is between the 55 and 55½ degrees of Septentrional Latitude. It hath throughout 10 or 12 Leagues of length and breadth; and so soon as it is passed, there is found a very great Sea, there where we have formerly believed to be a Land so great, that some would make it a third Continent under the name of Terra Australis or Terra Incognita, and Magellanica.

• 1.63The Inhabitants of the Streight of Magellan, Maire, and the Magellanick Lands, are very barbarous, having very sharp and dangerous Teeth; they go almost naked, though in a Countrey very cold; they have neither Religion nor Policy; they are born white, but paint some part of their body red, and others black: And this Painting is a Band drawn straight from Head to Foot, or else cross their Body, or slooping; the rest is in its natural colour, or else sometimes varied with divers colours. They garnish their Arrows and Javelins with Fish-bones, or with Stones very sharp, of which they make their Knives; they use likewise Clubs and Slings.

• 1.64Amongst these People are the Patagons, a particular Nation in the Continent, which some call the Race of Toremen. If report be true, they are the greatest men, known at present in any part of the World: They are said to be no less then ten foot high, and we are assured, that the greatest men that were with Magellan, or with the English and Hollanders, that passed this Streight, reached but to their Girdle.

But it is time to leave America. The first expence made to go thither, was not of above 15 or 16000 Duckats, which were advanced by Lewis de St. Ange, Secretary of State, and not taken out of the Treasuries of the Kings of Castile and Arragon, who then protested they had not so much money to expend; yet notwithstanding this little hath returned them infinite riches. Christopher Columbus seised on Hispaniola, and the Neighbouring Isles a little after 1492. Americus Vesputius of Brazil in 1497. Ferdinand Cortes took Mexico in 1519. Pizzarre, Peru in 1529. So others have seised of divers parts of America, and still of those which are the best; and have brought thence so much Gold, Silver and Riches, that they have filled almost all Europe, and made those Estates, Lordships and Commodities on this side, which before were valued but at Twenty pence, Twenty shillings; or Twenty thousand pounds worth, now a hundred times as much.

• 1.65But we must confess, that these discoveries, and these conquests of new Lands hath cost Spain store of men, not so much in the War as on the Sea. In 1590. a hundred Spanish Ships laden with very great riches to return to Europe, passing in company near Florida, a tempest surprized them, and cast them all away, save one, whom Linscot reports to have seen in Tercera; and this Author assures us, that at the same time divers other Tempests, or divers English Rovers took away or sunk another hundred of Spanish Ships; so that of 220 parted the year before from New Spain, St. Domingo, Havana, Cape Verde, Brazil, Guiney and other places, not above 14 or 15 escaped shipwrack or the English Rovers.

Likewise after, and at other times, sometimes the English, sometimes the Hollanders have not only taken abundance of Spanish Vessels on the Sea, but likewise divers places on Land, and sometimes whole Provinces and Islands. The Hollanders held not long since a good part of Brazil; the English hold at present Barbadoes, Jamaica, and some other places in the Isles and Lands about it. And all those Isles which are on this side Hispaniola, are in the hands of the English, French and Hollanders, who likewise establish divers Colonies on the Coast of Guiana; which if they subsist, those Isles are not already more troublesome Thorns to Mexico and Terra-Firma, then these Colonies in Guiana will be to Terra-Firma, Peru and Brazil.

• 1.66To give a small touch of the Traffick of this New World, it is observed to give imployment to many Ships of great burthen, and that of several Nations, as well Europeans, as others, by which they have gained much riches; in which, England, Spain, France, Portugal, Holland &c. have been large sharers. To sum up the rich staple commodities that it produceth, as also what Commodities they receive in exchange, will not be unnecessary.

• 1.67First then, Its Earth yieldeth Grains, excellent Fruits, Plants, Sugar, Indico, Tobacco, Ginger, Long-Pepper and other Spices, Several Medicinal Drugs, Cotton, of which, as also of the Feathers of their Birds, they make excellent and curious Manufactures. In the bowels of the Earth lie hid, in abundance of Mines, Gold, Silver, Iron, Lead, Tin and Copper; there is also plenty of Quick-silver, Amber, Precious Stones, Pearls, Bezoar, Amber Greece, Gum Arabick, and several Precious Gums, Cocheneile, Saffron, Chrystal, excellent Balsom, Rozin, Salt, Honey, Wax, Rich Furs, Ox-Hides, Tallow, Whale-Oyl, Dried Fish, Pitch, Tar, Jallop, Salsaperilla, Gayac, Turbith. Several excellent Woods, as Campeche, Brazil, Lignum Vita, Green Ebony, Cedar, Cypress, Firrs, and excellent Wood for building of Ships.

• 1.68For these and other such rich commodities they take in exchange, Beads, Necklaces, Bracelets, and the like Toys; as also Looking-Glasses, Ribbons, Needles, Pins, and all sorts of Haberdashery Ware; also Knives, Hatchets, Saws, Nails, Hammers, and other Instruments made of Iron; with several other of the like cheap Commodities.

1695. A New Body of Geography by A. Sewall & T. Child.

RIO de la PLATA, Argentea Regio.

This Country, which some call Paragay, Paragu, is also call'd by Heriera, by the name of the River Plata, and is about 700 Leagues long, and about 40 wide about tht Mouth of it, which runs from North to South: The situation of it is between the 11 deg. of southern Latitude, and the 37 degree, which makes it about 520 Leagues from North to South; and between the 302 and 338 degree of Longitude, which contains the space of about 670 Leagues. It is bounded on the North by the Country of the Amazons and Brasil, on the West with Peru and Chili, on the South with Magellanica and the Sea of Paragay, and on the East with the same Sea and Brasil.

The Air is very temperate and sound, and the Soil very fruitful in all things. It yields abundance of Fruits, Corn, Cotten; Meadows and Pastures along the Rivers, which are there very numerous. The Marshes are full of Sugar-Canes, with which they maintain a good Trade. They have several Mines of Gold, Siver, Iron and Copper. The River of Plata, or Silver, furnishes them with a great deal of Metal. The Plant Coparubas, whose Juice is an excellent Balm, is there very common. The Beast which are bitten with Serpents, or wounded by Hunting, go to it as a sovereign Medicine, by the instinct of Nature. Horses, Cows, Sheep, and other Beasts, Bears, Tigers, Cerigons, &c. are very Plentiful.

The Inhabitants are of a large Stature, almost as big as the Patagons, and have the same Humours, disposition of Body, and speak the same Language. Their chief Arms are a Bow, Arrows and Sling. They are distinguish'd by different Names and Habitations. They dwell 18 or 20 Families under one Roof, which is supported by the Trees. The Orechons are remarkable for the bigness of their Ears. In Plata Propria the People are more Humane and Civil, and more ready to learn Arts and Religion. They have preserved among them by Tradition, some knowledge of S. Thomas, whom they call S. Sume. In Parana there are some Falls of Water, or Cataracts, above 20 Cubits high. The greatest part of the Inhabitants make their Boats of one piece, which they call Zains. The People of Tucman are very docible and averse to War. They have several Cauques, and their Riches consist in Cattle. The Quirandies are not like them, but resemble the Scythians, and have moving Tents, being always well Armed against the Spaniards. Their common abode is in the southern part of Tucman. The Natives which are not yet brought into Subjection, are Idolaters, and acknowledge no God; they fear the Devil, and paint him with great Horns. The Subjects of the King of Spain follow the Catholick Religion with the Spaniards.

The King of Spain is Sovereign Lord of the greatest part of this Country: Some are his Subjects, others pay him Tribute. He hath a Governor here under the Vice-Roy of Peru. His ordinary Residence is in the City of the Assumption, which stands by the River Plata, or Paragay. There is a Bishoprick and Royal Audience. Buenes Airs is also a Bishoprick; both are Suffragans to the Arch-bishop of Plata. At S. Jago de Lestero, in Tuckman, there is another Governor. This also lyes by the River Plata, and hath the Title of a Bishoprick.

Rio de la Plata, is divided into 7 principal Regions, or Provinces, which are set down in the following Table, with the Cities, People, Rivers and Lakes, which belong to them.

RIO de la PLATA hath these principal Parts.

• 1. Tucman
  • ...S. Jago de Eisero,
  • ...S. Miguel,
  • ...New Cordoua.
• 2. Chaco
  • The Conception.
• 3. Paragay
  • ...S. Fe,
  • ...Villa Rico,
  • ...Maracaju.
• 4. Plata Propria.
  • ...Assumption,
  • ...Buenos-Aires,
  • ...S. Fe,
  • ...Coriantes.
• 5. Paria or Parana,
  • ...S. Ignatio,
  • ...S. Miguel,
  • ...Iguazu.
• 6. Oliveros, or Guayra.
  • ...Ciudad Rea
  • ...S. Miguel,
  • ...Guara.
• 7. Ʋrvaig, or Ʋrugnay,
  • ...Assumption
  • ...S. Salvador, People.
    • Guirandies, in Tucman.
    • Juries in Tucman.
    • Antiosac. in Tucman.
    • ...Chirignanas,
    • ...Palmos,
    • ...Macolis,
    • ...Matatatas,
    • ...Trintonus,
    • ...Avipones,
    • ...Guamalans,
    • ...Payagas,
    • ...Tamacons,
    • ...Moconios,
    • ...Zapatalaguars,
    • ...Gorgelocques,
    • ...Varois.
  • ...S. Anna,
  • ...S. Xavier.

• Rivers.
  • ...Rio de la Plata
  • ...Seregipe, Meari,
  • ...Paranai, Ʋragay,
  • ...Negro Vermao,
  • S. Jago, &c.
• Lakes.
  • ...Salados,
  • ...Lago de los Curacaros,
  • ...Laguna de los Xarayes,
  • ...Laguna de los Gualaches.
• People
  • In Caco,
    • ...Orechons,
    • ...Xarayes,
    • ...Payzronoes,
    • ...Tapapacques,
    • ...Papagazu,
    • ...Chanesses,
    • ...Japagua,
    • ...Guachicos,
    • ...Xaquesses,
    • ...Xacones,
    • ...Guaxavasses.
• In Paraguay. Gualaches.
  • In Ʋraguay,
    • ...Guarro,
    • ...Guanananas,
    • ...Los Patos,
    • ...Chaavas.