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Admin: Created page with "A Most Exact and Accurate MAP OF THE Whole World: OR THE ORB Terrestrial described in Four plain MAPS, (VIZ.) ...ASIA, ...EƲROPE, ...AFRICA, ...AMERICA. Containing all the known and most Remarkable Capes, Ports, Bayes and Isles, Rocks, Rivers, Towns, and Cities; together with their Scituation, Commodities, History, Customes, Government; and a new and exact Geography, especially their Longitudes and Latitudes, in Alphabetical Order, and fitted to all Capacities...."

A Most Exact and Accurate MAP OF THE Whole World: OR THE ORB Terrestrial described in Four plain MAPS, (VIZ.)

...ASIA,

...EƲROPE,

...AFRICA,

...AMERICA.

Containing all the known and most Remarkable Capes, Ports, Bayes and Isles, Rocks, Rivers, Towns, and Cities; together with their Scituation, Commodities, History, Customes, Government; and a new and exact Geography, especially their Longitudes and Latitudes, in Alphabetical Order, and fitted to all Capacities.

A Work, as well useful as delightful, for all Schollars, Merchants, Mariners, and all such as desire to know Forreign parts, and is very helpful for the ready finding out any place mentioned in large Maps.

By D. L. M. A.

Dii laboribus omnia vendunt.

LONDON, Printed for John Garrett, at his Shop as you go up the Stairs of the Royal Exchange in Cornhil: where is Printed, Coloured and Sold, a Map of the World in four Sheets with English de∣scriptions: And where you may have also choice of all sorts of Maps, and Pictures for Houses, Studies, or Closets. 1676.

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[illustration]

Collegium Jesu Cantabrigiense 1700

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TO THE READER.

OƲr Fathers remember one man that drew the whole body of the Heavens in a short Plate, which he presented to the Emperour of Germany; And another that Com∣prehended the Ten Commandments, the Creed, and the Lords Prayer in one sin∣gle Peny, which he bestowed upon Queen Elizabeth. We their Posterity, have here, all that the Industrious Collection of Strabo, Pliny, and the Judicious Ob∣servations of Pomponius Mela, the choice Rarities of the Nubian Geogra∣phy, the deep and long Reaches of the Admired (〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉) * 3.1 Ptolomy: the great In∣dustry of Gerard Mercator; the often translated Cosmography of Sebastian

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Munster; the worn-out German M. S. of Goldman; the stately pieces of Bleau, and Johnston; the comprehensive De∣scription of Lucas de Linda: the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 of Ralph Volaterran; the Great World of Great Ortelius and Maginus; besides the Corographies of each Country, * 3.2 as Guicciardane of the Low Countries, Le∣anders of Italy, Cambden of England; The travels of the Experienced, as San∣dys, Blunt, L'Blance, the Holstein Am∣bassadors; all these sum'd up in 24 sheets, above an 100l worth of Learning for 18d, & many ages knowledg of the whole world for a few hours study: It's strange though true, to consider that the Gentlemans cu∣riosity can pitch upon no Place, Custome, History of any part, or all the World, but here he hath satisfaction; the Traveller desires to know no Country, either for his Instruction in new Observation, or Recol∣lection of his old ones, but here it's fully

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described: The Seaman seeth here in one day, all Creeks, Sands, Ports, Channels, with the Longitude and Latitude of each place: The Merchant, all Commodities Imported and Exported into each Coun∣try, with the Marts for them; the time and place of trade for each of them; the Novilant hath the scituation of each place of action he hears of; the Schollar all the Governments, Laws, Alterations, Incli∣nations, Inhabitants, Cities, Laws and Customs of each Country. Cato used to ask upon the proposal of any business to be done, cui bono, to what end is this? And if thou ask, cui fini, to what purpose is the writing of this Book? We answer, 1. It is to prepare the younger sort with an exact introduction to larger Geographies. 2. It's to accommodate the more knowing with an exact account in the brief of their lar∣ger reading to help their memory. 3. It's to render History more pleasant; for as the

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story maketh the place more remarkable, so the particular knowledge of the place ma∣keth the story more pleasant. Ammian Marcellinus hath deserved well of the Common-wealth of learning, by premising the Geography and Description of each part of the World, before he attempted the History of the whole. 4. It's to render the Scripture in many places mentioned in it (out of Chytraeus, his Itinerarium S. Script. and Adricomius his Terra Sancta) more intelligible. 5. It's to fur∣nish Physitians with the necessary know∣ledge of the temper of mens bodies in eve∣ry Clime; the nature and growth of sim∣ples, and medicinal drugs in each Coun∣try; to acquaint Lawyers with the Laws of Nations, and Divines with the Reli∣gions of the World: To hint to States-men the Genius of all people; together with the Limits and Bounds the Weakness and Strength, Advantages and Disadvan∣tages

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of all States and Kingdoms. And Lastly, to entertain any Gentleman with∣out any charge or pain, with the particu∣lar draughts of Kingdomes, Provinces, Cities, Towns, Castles, Continents, Ilands Pemnsulaes, Istmus's, Promontories, Climes, Horizons, Meridians, Zones (all done beyond Clavius, Sacro Bosco, by Mr Hues his Book of the use of the Globes) Streights or Fretes, Creekes or Bayes, Lakes, Rivers, with their Rise, Course, Channels, Harbours, Influxes, (done ex∣actly by Aurigarius in his Speculum Nauticum, Sr Tho. Reeves his Histo∣ria Navalis, Pet. de Medina, and Non∣nius his Regulae Artis Navigandi.) Ci∣ties and Towns (which may serve instead of Bruinus his Theatrum Urbium, or Stephanus 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉) Revenues, Strength, Discipline out of Boterus, &c. and that too in as compleat away, as if he had tra∣velled over either all the Books, or all the

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Countries of the World; whereof this little Book contains as handsome particulars, admi∣nisiring to Discourse upon all occasions, as any ingenious person that keeps Company can wish.

As little as this Book is, it is not so Brief as to be Obscure, onely there being no place for an idle word or letter in so exact a Piece, we have expressed such known words, as East, West, North and South, Latitude and Longitude, &c. with the first letters of them, and divided each Country into its Province, assigning to each Province its Towns, &c. (without any circum∣locution, —

Ornari res ipsa negat, contenta doceri)

with the Bounds, Scituation, Length, Breadth, and Estate of each place of Note in the World, whereby a man easily learneth how each place stands its self, and with relation to all others; what its Original is, if now in being, and what its former condition was, if now desolate: And all this with that exactness (〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Arist.) the subject matter is capable of.

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A MAP OF THE WHOLE WORLD: OR, THE ORB TERRESTRIAL, IN FOUR PARTS, (VIZ.) ASIA, EUROPE, AFFRICA, AND AMERICA.

ASIA.

ASIA, * 4.1 In Scripture, called Semia, from Sem, bounded on the West with the Mediterranian, Aegean, the Heles∣pont, Propontis, Thracian, Bosphorus, and the Euxine Sea towards Europe; On the South with the Carpathian Sea, and the Southern Ocean towards Affrica; On the East with the Indian Sea, and Mare∣del-zar towards America; On the North with the main Scythick Ocean; all Sea-bound, except a narrow Istmus,

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in the South-west towards Affrica. † 4.2 Scituated E. and W. from 52 to the 169 degree of Longitude, N. S. to the 82 degree of Latitude to the Aequator, longest day, except in Northern parts, 12 hours, length 5200, breadth 4560 miles, famous for being the Scene of the Creation, Redemption, and first Monarchs of the World.

Here's Mount Taurus from Lycia to the Indian shore, 6240 long, and 357 broad, memorable for three dif∣ficult passages, first, Pylae Ciliciae; secondly, Caucatiae; thirdly, Portae Caspiae. 2. Imaus crossing Taurus 36 Monarchies, those Mountains of power; 1 the Turkish, 2 the Persian, 3 the Cham of Tartary, 4 the Chinois, 5 the King of Barma, 6 the Great Mogor: and 4 Religions, Christianity improved much lately by Trade, Judaisme, Paganisme, and Mahumetanisme.

I. Asia minor,

a Peninsula, between 51 and 72 degrees of longitude, 36 and 45 of Latitude, 630 miles long from the Helespont, to Euphrates, and 260 broad from Sinus Issicus to Trapezond; healthful and fruitful between the middle parallel of the 4•h clime, and the middle parallel of the 6th, as good for Horses, according to the Turkish Proverb, as Europe is for horsemen. Here's 1. Pontus, where are 1 the mid-land towns, Claudiopolis, Flaviopolis, Juliopolis, called so from the Roman Empe∣rours that built them. 2. the Sea-towns, as 1 Heraclea Ponti, the seat and residence of an Emperour formerly, and now a place of good Trade. 2 Diospolis on the Euxine Sea. 3 Amastris. 4 Sinope on a Promontory shooting into the Main. 5 Castamona. 6 Favagoria. 7 A∣masia, where the Grandsigniour's Eldest Son is kept alwayes as soon as circumcised till his Fathers death. 8 Diopolis, where Mithredates escaped Lucullus, by strew∣ing treasure in his way. 9 Polemonium. 10 Hermanassa. 11 * 4.3 Nixana. 12 Sebastia; hereabouts were the war-like Amazons, that had no † 4.4 Males among them; going to their Neighbour Nations once in three years for copu∣lation, and if they brought forth Males, they sent them

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to their Fathers, if Females they kept them. 13 Cerasus, whence Cherries were brought to Rome A.V.C. 680. 14 Ischopolis. 15. Trapezond on the Euxine Sea, a famous Empory for Salt-fish, an adjoyning Mountain afford∣ing a black stone, that when beaten serves for salt; and for being the station of the Turkish Gallies, that are to clear the black Sea.

II. Fruitful Bythinia,

Eastward of Pontus, Westward and North ward the Euxine Sea, & Phrygiaminor, where∣rein 1 Scutori well Garrisoned, and Orcharded with Mai∣den tower over against the Haven of Constantinople. 2 Ni∣comedia much frequented for its fresh springs, & pleasant plains. 3 Prusa or Brussa, the Turk's Imperial Seat be∣fore Adrianople, and now their Sepulture large and weal∣thy. 4 Poor Caleedon, where Constantine intended to build his Seat, but that Eagles carried the workmens lines to Bizantium, and where was the 4th General Council, con∣fisting of 530 Bishops against Nestorius. 5 Nice, now Nei∣chia, or Isnichs, famous for two Councils held therein; one famous A. 314 by Constantine, the other by * 4.5 Errene.

III. Galatia, or Chaunger,

E. Cappadocia. N. Paphlagonia, S. Lycaonia famous for fruits and stones, especially the Amethyst, that keeps men from being drunk as long as they wear it; where people used to cast letters with the deceased into the fire, to be read in another world. Here 1 Ancyra famous for an old Synod, A. 299 and good Chamlets on the bankes of Surgarius. 2 Olenus. 3 Agrinana. 4 Tavium. 5 Andro∣sin. 6 Phaborena. 7 Thorma. 8 Talach Bachora.

IV. Paphlagonia now called Rom,

E. River Haly, and Cappadocia. N. Pontus, where there are such poor places, as Gangra where Concilium Ganyrense 339. 2 Conrula. 3 Pompeiopolis. 4 Germanopolis. 5 Nouna. 6 Andrapa.

V. Phrygia the less

E. Mysia. W. Hellespont. N. S. Propontis and the Aegean Sea: Here is, 1 the Ruines of Troy: 2 With its Port Sigaeum, and 3 the Sea town Lyrnessus, and Assus, Acts 20.13. where dead bodies are consumed in 40 dayes, and 4 strong Scamandria.

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VI. Mysia

E. W. Phrygia the greater and less N. S. Bythinia Hellespont, Lydia and the Aegean, where be∣sides the Mountain Olympus, and the Rivers Caicus, and 2 Granicus: 1 Pergamus on a goodly plain by the banks of Caicus, famous for, 1 a great Library, containing 20000 Volumes, whence Parchment called Pergamenum. 2 Ta∣pestry. 3 Galens birth-place, who attained to 140 years of age, 1 By never eating or drinking his fill. 2 Nor any thing raw. 3 And by perfumes he carried about him. 4 And one of the 7 Churches in the Revelations. 2 Alydda. 3 Trojanopolis. 4 Praepemissus. 5 Protoselene. 6 Addramittium, Acts 27. 7 Dainta. 8 Scepsis vetus on the Aegean Sea. 9 Parium, and its Marble. 10 Priapus, the filthy Gods Lampsachus. 11 Cyzicus * 4.6 strong and beautiful in the Propontis:

Arce, Maenibus, portu, turribusque marmoreis illustris. The stones of whose ruines, by an Earth-quake are car∣ried daily to Constantinople. 12 Abydos on the North∣west of the Hellespont, over against Sestos, fortified with two Castles which defend Constantinople on that side from all force by Sea.

VII. Phrygia the greater, or Aidin-Ills,

W. My∣sia N. S. Pontus and Lydia E. Galatia; the Inhabitants famous for afterwit, whence serò sapiunt Phryges: and their * 4.7 Enthusiastick and fantastick musick, which (ac∣cording to Tullies Mutatâ Musicâ mutantur mons) had a great influence upon their manners. And the Coun∣try fruitful by the Rivers. 1 Sangarius. 2 Marsias. The town 1 Mydeum from Mydas, who because he de∣sired all should be turned to gold he touched, starved because his meat was so, 2 Colloss. vid. Epist. ad Col. 3 Pesinus. 4 Gordion, where the knot which Alexander cut with his sword was.

VIII. Armenia

surrounded with Taurus, Mons Scordiscus, and Euphrates, and the black River Melas; with Arabyssus, where Chrysostome was banished by Eu∣doxia. Melitone, now Suur, famous for Wines and Oyls. 3 Strong Gornuce, Nicopolis, and Oromundus.

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IX. Cappadociae, now called Amasia,

E. S. both Ar∣meniaes and Lycaonia, N. W. Galatia and the Sea; rich in wines fruits, mines of Silver, Iron, Brasse, Allum, besides Alabaster, Chrystal, Jasper, and the Onyx stone, and horses; the people wicked, whence tria * 4.8 Cappa cacista, and venomous poysoning their very Serpents.

The Towns, 1 Nyssa, whence Gr. Nyssenus. 2 Nazian∣zum, whence G. Naz. 3 Mazaca, St. Basils See. 4 Ty∣ana. 5. Archelais. 6 Comana. 7 Diocaesarea. 8 Faustino∣polis. 9 Andraca. 10 Salambria. 11 Erxirum the Ren∣dezvouz of the Turks in their expeditions against the Persians. 12 Pterium on the River Iris, yielding yearly to the Turk and his Beglerbey of Anatolia 60000 Du∣cats.

X. Asia, properly so called, now Sarchan or Procon∣sula;

Asia E. N. Lydia and Mysia S. W. Caria and the Aegean; where 1 Pitane on a River of that name, where they made bricks to swim. 2 Acarnea, where the Tyrant Hermias was baited in Oxes hide. 3 Elea, on the mouth of Caicus, Port to Pergamus. 4 Cene, or Canna. 5 Cuma, where Sybilla Cumaea. 6 Phocaa, called so from the Sea-calves, there called Phocae. 7 Myas * 4.9 destroyed by Flyes. 8 Erythra, whence Sybilla Erithaea. 9 Lebedos. 10 Clazomone of much esteem for good wines 11 Prieno. 12 Ipsus. 13 Teos Anacreons birth place. 14 Smyrna, a fair City on a Bay of the name, hanging over the Sea hill-wayes. One of the 7 Churches in the Revelations, and much traded to for Chamlets, Grograins, and such Stuffs, made at Ancyra, besides wines; here the English have a Consul. 15 Colophon, which put an end to any war that they were ingaged in, whence the phrase Colophonem addere:

Septem Ʋrbes certant de stirpe insignis homeri,

Smyrna, Rhodos, Colophon, Salamis, Chios, Argos Athenae.

16 Ephesus, metropolis of Asia, one of the seven Churches, and memorable for Diana's Temple, 425 foot long, 220 broad, supported with 127 Marble Pil∣lars 70 foot high. 200 years in building; 7 times fired,

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the last time by Herostratus, the night Alexander was born, Diana the Goddess of Mid-wifery being at his labour.

XI. Curia,

N. E. Lycia, Lydia, and Ionia S. W. the Aegean and Carpathian Sea, where Auguty was first in∣vented, and Astronomy * 4.10: Here besides the River Sal∣macis, that weakens those that drink it, is the City Mi∣letus, Acts 20.10. Thales birth-place, Iren. l. 3. c. 14. 2 Mindus, that was in danger of running out of the Gates. 3 Heraclea ad latmum. 4 Borgillia. 5 Milasa. 6 Primassus, which Philip of Macedon took with a coun∣terfeit mine. 7 Cnidus, famous for a Marble Image of Venus. 8 Cressa. 9 Halicarnassus where Mausolus his tomb, one of the seaven wonders of the World, built by his Wife, was Mart. Epig. 1.1.

XII. Lydia

S. E. Phrygia M. and Coria N. W. Asia propriè dicta, and the greater Mysia; the first Inven∣tors of Coyning, Pedling, Huckstering and Gaming were these people, who found out gaming to divert their hunger. The Hills, 1 Siphylus. 2 Tinolus covered with Vines and Saffron, on the Rivers, 1 Her∣mus. 2 Caystrus. 3 Pactolus and its golden sands. 4 Crooked Maeander, and inriched with Gold, Silver and Gems; the Cities, 1 Sardis, the taking of which by the Graecians so startled Xerxes, that he caused it to be said every day at his Table, (as it was every year in the Parliament of Paris about Calice) the Graecians have taken Sardis. 2 Philadelphia. 3 Thyatira. 4 Laodiceia. 5 Of the Asian Churches. 6 The 2 Maynesia's. 7 Alaban∣da, and 7 * 4.11 Trall is on the Banks of Caistrus.

XIII. Lycia,

environed on three sides, with the Mountain Taurus (and shut in on the 4th with the Me∣diterranian) famous for that branch of Taurus, here cal∣led Chymaera; and 1 the City Mira, Acts 27.5. 2 Tel∣mesus, and its Southsayers. 3 Pratius and its fair haven. 4 Phaselis with its Pyrates, and Brigantines. 5 Cragus, under a Mountain of the name. 6 Aenonda. 7 Corydilla. 8 Rhodia. 9 Solyma; all these now a Part of the King∣dome of Caramania.

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XIV. Lycaonia

S. E. Armenia minor, and Pisidia N. W. Cappadocia, and Phrygia major; where is, 1 Iconium, now Coynri, scituated advantagiously in the Mountains for desence and safety. 2 Lystra, Acts 14.19, 20. 3 Derbe. 4 Laranda. 5 Adopistus. 6 Paralais. 7 Camara, and 8 Ca∣ratha.

XV. Pasidia

N. Lycaonia, E. Armenia the less, W. Lycia, S. Pamphilia and Cilicia; where is 1 old Antioch, Acts 4. 2 Impenetrable Seleucia, and Termessus. 3 Fruit∣full and pleasant Sagalassa, Selge, Cremna, and Lysinia.

XVI. Isauria

E. S. Cilicia on both sides Taurus, plentifull in Vines and other rich products, about the River Calecadnus, where besides the ruined Isauria, is the rich and well-traded Seleucia, and Claudipolis.

XVII. Cilicia

S. Mediterranian and Syria, rich in Soyl, and conveniently scituated on the Sea-coast for Trade; but meanly * 4.12 inhabited, and therefore yielding only Goats, Sheep, Butter and Cheese, with good Horses, where 600 are yearly called for the Grand-Seigniours Service, where (besides the Rivers thun∣dering Pyramis now Malmistra. 2 Orymasdus. 3 Caly∣cadnus. 4 Cold Cidnus, that cureth the Gout; and the impassable Streights, called Pylae Ciliciae) are the Cities, 1 Solae, where Pompey setled the Pyrates in an honest way of livelihood. 2 Tarsus, now Tersia and Hamsa, St. Pauls birth-place on the banks of Cydnus to this day strong and wealth. 3 Epiphania. 4 Mopsuestia. 5 An∣chiala on the Sea side neer the Promontory Zephyrium. 6 unwalled, but well † 4.13 defended Adena, well known to the Travellers over * 4.14 Taurus, for its plentiful provision of Wine and Corn. 7 Famous Issus, now Aiazzo on the Bay called Golfo di Aaiazzo. 8 Unwholesom, Fenny, but commodiously seated, and traded Alexandria, now a few houses of straw and mud; the nearest Haven to the Bay of Aleppo, and called Scanderoon. 9 Nicopolis. 10 Amavarza. 11 Fair and large Heraclea. 12 Scan∣delow.

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XVIII. The Isles of Asia minor,

from the mouth of the Hedespont to Rhodes; among which, 1 Tenedos * 4.15 over against Sigeum, now Cape Janizarie, 10 miles round producing good Wine and Crab-fish, with a Town of the name;

Nunc tantum sinus & statio malesida Carinis.

2 Lesbos 168 miles round S. W. Barren. N. E. Level and fruitful, with excellent Corn, and delicious Wine, where is Lesbos. 2 Methymna. 3 Mytelene, Seated on a Peninsula, a commodious Haven on the North-side for Gallies, S. for other ships, well fortified by Art and Nature, with a strong Castle, and a well stored Arsenal. 4 Vasilica. 5 Theodori. 6 Castle-Gera. 3 Chios, over against the shore of Jonia 126 miles compass, the only place for Mastick, a gum cut out of the bark of the Lentisne tree in July and August, and gathered in September, yielding 18000 Sultanies yearly; besides, good for Corn, Oyl, Marble, some Silks, and Cotton wooll, short of those in Smyrna; Honey, and most delicious wines, with an infinite store of red tame Par∣tridges; the inhabitants merry Greeks, and grave Genoese: the most eminent places here, 1 Pigrine. 2 St. Elias. 3 Chios now Sio, full of Oranges, Lemons, Pomegranates, Ci∣trons, on a good Haven, secured by a Garrison, * 4.16 and watch-towers on the shore, and directed to by a Lan∣terne. 4 Samos S. E. Chios, 85 miles about, abounding with Oyl, and Olives, with a medicinal earth, called terra samia; store of timber, on a fair and capacious Haven, much infested with Pyrats. 5 Iscaria, now Ni∣ceria. W. Samos 37 miles round, neighboured by two dangerous rocks, abounding with Pasture and Corn : no Haven, but good Roads:

Icarus Icari is nomina fecit aquis.

6 Palmos, † 4.17 now Palmosa, fruitful in Wheat and Pulse, with a fair Haven. 7 Claros and Lero, where abundance of Aloes and good harbours. 8 Coos, Cos, or Cous, a le∣vel in that part of the Aegean, called the Myrtoan-Sea, now Lange, famous for Tiffanies, Vinum Cos, Cypres-trees,

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Turpentine, and its sweet springs, 70 mile circuit; fa∣mous for Aesculapius his Temple, and Hippocrates his Birth. Carpathres S. Caria in the Mediterranian 60 miles compass, happy in its Marble and Ports, especially neer Scarpanto. 9 Rhodes over against Lycia 140 miles round, of a most temperate air, and most fruitfull and pleasant soyl, the Sun every day shining upon it; where is Lindum now Lindo a petty town; Rhodes on the East of the Isle, on the side of a hill near the Sea, with a safe and commodious Haven treble walled, * 4.18 fortified with 13 Turrets, and 5 strong Bull-works, besides sconces and outworks; Here was the Colosse 7 Cubits high, each finger as big as a man, 12 years in building, and one of the 7 Wonders, whence it was called Colossa.

XIX. Cyprus

550 miles round on the Cilician and Syrian Seas, from each main Land above 60 miles, ha∣ving 10 Promontories, and having had 10 names, as famous for Cypresses as Rhodes is for Roses, under the 4th Climate, hot, abounding with Wine, Oyl, Corn, Sugar, Cotton, Honey, Wool, Turpentine, Al∣lom, Verdegreese, all sorts of Mettals, store of Salt, Grograins; besides Lycus and Lapithes small Torrents, and some springs running from Olympus, * 4.19 which is here 54 Italian miles round, loaded with Trees and Fruits of all sorts, where is ruined Paphos, now called new Paphos and Baffo, on the Sea side. 2 Arsino. 3 Tre∣pano, a well seated, and traded port. 4 Connelia rich in Sugar, and Cotton Wool. 5 Cithera. 6 Amathus. 7 Epi∣scopio a considerable place neer the Promontory Curias. 8 Salines and its rich Salt-pits. 9 Strong Nicosia, in the midst of the Isle, both pleasantly and fruitfully sci∣tuated, and exactly round. 10 Wholesome Cerines neer the Sea; 1 Famagusta raised out of the Ruines of Sa∣lamis in the E. end of the Island in a plain and low ground, between two Promontories, Cape St. Andrew, and Capo de Griego 4 square, 2 miles about, with a ha∣ven (opposite to Tripolis in Syria) opening towards the South-East, defended from the injury of the Sea by two

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great Rocks, betwixt which the Sea cometh in at a nar∣row passage, not above 40 paces broad, but after open∣ing wider and wider, to a conveniency of safety and capacity assured both by the difficult Entrance, and a Chain crossed over it. 12 Arsinoe, now called Lescare. 13 Tamassus, eminent for brasse mines, and a great quan∣tity of Verdegreese, and Vitriol found neer it. 14 Idalium, the yearly custome upon Salt is here 500000 Crowns.

XX. Syria,

W. Mediterranean, S. Palestine and Ara∣bia E. Euphrates, N. Cilicia, and the lesser Armenia; 525 miles long from Taurus to Arabia. 470 miles broad from the Mediterranean to Euphrates, the language Ara∣bick, the religion Christian, Mahumetan, Pagan, or a mixture of all professed by the Drusians: the prime Ri∣vers, 1 Chorsaeus or Chison. 2 Orontes now Saldino. 3 Eleu∣therios now called Casmar. 4 Singos. 5 Euphrates: the Mountains, 1 Carmel. 2 Piena. 3 Casius, four miles high. 4 Libanus, famous for Cedars, Frankincense and Ho∣ney falling on the boughs of the trees; 150 miles long from Sidon in Phaenicia, to Smyrna in Caelosyria, inhabited by Maronite Christians, that pay the Grand-Seignior 17 Sultanies a man when above 12 years of age.

1. In Phaenicia, a maritine part of Syria of great traffique, formerly was 1 the famous port Ptolemais razed to the ground, 1291. 2 And the ancient Mart of Tyre. 3 Sarepta or Sarphath on the Sea-coast, be∣tween Tyre and Sidon, and its good wines. 4 Sidon, in a rich valley between Libanus Northward, and Antiliba∣nus Southward; the inhabitants whereof, the first ma∣kers of Chrystal Glass, Zech. 9.2. the matter thereof flowing thither from the adjoyning Rivers, with an haven for Gallies, and a Block-house. 5 Bunitus. 6 Bi∣blis. 7 Orthosia lately Tortosa. 8 Tripolis, eminent for Amaza Franki, Kell-franhe, and other fruits, and two miles from the Sea, and half a mile from the ha∣ven on the west-side of it; rich in Gardens, Springs, and Silk-worms, whose Silks they sell raw to the Ita∣lians, and much increased by the trade of Scanderoon, and well fortified.

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2. In Syria, properly so called, S. Phaenicia; rich in 1 Fruits, especially Figs, hanging about the high ways. 2 Sheep with great tails, weighing 25 pound and up∣wards; & 3 great store of Cotton-wool: is 1 Rugia. 2 Hi∣crapolis. 3 Barbarssus. 4 Chalcis. 5 Telnedissa. 6 Laodicea and its good wines. 7 Apamea. 8 Emesa or Hamse in a spacious and fruitful plain, and well watered. 9 Epi∣phania. 10 Laris. 11 Gebal, Ps. 83, now Gabella. 12 Ara∣dus. 13 Daphne. 14 Antioch seated on both sides the River Orontis, twelve miles from the Mediterranean, the River Parsar passing on the South-side of it, now ruined. 15 Alburia.

3. In Comagena E. Euphrates and Mesopotamia, W. Amamus and Cilicia. N. Taurus and Armenia the less, a place famous for Divination, was Samosata. 2 Germa∣nica. 3 Singa. 4 Pinora. 5 Aleppo, the Aleph or first of Syria, on the bank of Singas, kept up, because commo∣diously scituated for the trade of the whole world be∣tween three ports of Tripolis, Berytus, and Alexa•dretta in Turkey, besides the Persian Territories, where the English Merchants have three houses for stowage, and a coul; the building low, and arched before their doors, and the scite pleasant among Gardens, and secure ra∣ther than strong. 6 Aman between Tripoli and Aleppo, pleasantly seated on two Hills, and environed with Orchards of Palme trees, and very good fruits. 7 Byr∣rah and those places, Esr. 37.13. 2 Kings. 18.34.

4. In Palmyrene, N. Comagena wholesome for hot Springs, but not well Rivered, is 1 Palmyra, see 1 Chron. 8.4. 2 Sura. 3 Alamath.

5. In Caelosyria the Syria so much spoken of in the Books of Kings and Chronicles, is, 1 Heliopolis, now Bal∣bec. 2 Chalcis, west of Damascus in the shades of Libanus. 3 Abila. 4 Adida. 5 Capitolias, now Suente. 6 Damas∣cus scituate in a large plain, environed with hills, and watered with the River Chrysorrous, watering the Or∣chards and Gardens, whence we have excellent wines; the luscious Damascenes, the sweet Damask Roses, and the curious Damask works.

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7. Eden, at the foot of Libanus.

XXI. From Caelosyria, over Hermon we go to Palestine,

W. Mediterranean, N. Antilibanus, S. Arabia Petrea; under the third and fourth clime, 200 miles long, and 80 broad, where are first Rivers, 1 Chison. 2 Kidron. 3 Zared and Naphthea. 4 Arnon. 5 Jaboc. 6 Hermon. 7 Jordan, surrounded with Poplars, Tama∣rishes and Reeds of all sorts, and passing through the Lake of Tiberias without mixture with it into the Me∣diterranean, and the dead Sea. Secondly, Hills, Sion. 2 Moriah. 3 Calvari. 4 Tabor. 5 Olivet. 6 Gerizim. 7 Sa∣von, now Capo Bianco with its Rosemary, Sweet Mayjo∣rum, Hyssop, Bayes, and other odoriferous plants, be∣sides Leopards, &c. 8 Gilboa. 9 Basan. 10 And Aba∣rim.

1. In Peraa, a Part of Palestine between Jordan and Arnon, from Pella N. to Petra S. was 1 Recome, 2 Kings 14.7. 2 Midian. 3 Rabbat. 4 Diblathan. 5 Gallim. 6 Mu∣thana. 7 Nathaliel. 8 Bamath. 9 Mizpah. 10 Hor. 11 Kir-harasath. 12 Rabbah. 13 Dathema. 14 Minneth, 15 Abel vinearum. 16 Mitspa. 17 Magod. 18 Bosor. 19 Abel shittim. 20 Bethbara. 21 Machaerus. 22 Lesha. 23 Midibuh. 24 Bosor. 25 Livias. 26 Libias. 27 Hede∣math. 28 Bamath Baal. 29 Heshbon. 30. Adam. 31. A∣roer. 32 Dihon. 33 Bethnimrah. 34. Nolloroh. 35 Beth∣haran. 36 Beth-ezob. 37. Succoth 38 Jazor. 39 Maha∣naim. 40 Rogelim. 41 Ramoth Gilead. 42 Penuel.

2. In Ituraea another Province, ragged, rude, and given to witch-craft; 1 Hippus. 2 Bathira. 3 Pella. 4 Edrey. 5 Carnaim. 6 Ephron. 7 Jabesh Gilead. 8 Ash∣teroth. 9 Gaulon. 10 Gamala. 11 Gadara. 12 Gergesa. 13 Juleus. 14 Abel. 15 Gessur. 16 Mahacath. 17 Chau∣ran. 18 Chalsar Havan. 19 Ʋs. 20 Sueta.

3. In Galilee, rich with all manner of fruit, was 1 Ha∣zor, now Antronia. 2 Capernaum, a poor fisher-town. 3 Hamath. 4 Kadesh. 5 Riblah. 6 Saphet, the onely place where the Jewes have the face of a Common-Wealth. 7 Bethsomes, Carthan, Musoloth and Cinereth. 8 Ascheche,

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Gabula, Giscala, Cana, Messal pleasantly seated, and of great importance. 9 Jokneham, Zabulon, Cana-major, Bar∣sabe, Dothan, Bethsaida, Nazareth, Jotopata, Tiberis, Be∣thulia, Japha, Sephoris. 10 Tanihaea, Chishion, Remelh, En∣hadda, Naim, Aphraim, Daborath the Castle of Pil∣grims, now Tortora.

4. In Samaria, rich in Pastures, Cattle, and fruits, is Bethsan, on the banks of Jordan, out of whose ruines many pillars, and other pieces of marble are drawn out. 2 Thirza. 3 Acrabula. 4 Thebes. 5 Ephra. 6 Be∣zeke. 7 Jezreel. 8 Megiddo. 9 Dora. 10 Caesarea. 11 An∣tipatris. 12 Saron, and Lidda, or Diospolis, Ramatha, Ajalon, Shempath, Cares, Silo, Bethoron, Michmas, now Byra, Sichem since Nicopolis, Samaria, famous for the marble pillars found there, now nothing but a few Cottages, filled with greek monks.

5. In Judea, on the Sea coasts from the South of Phae∣nicia, to the North of Idumaea, is 1 Gath and its New-Castle. 2 Wealthy and strong Accaron. 3 The fair village of Ashdod. 4 The goodly Sea-town, Ascalon, re∣paired by Rich. I. King of England. 5 Wealthy Gaza, surrounded with its rich and pleasant vallies, and its Port Majoma. 6 JOppa, Joffa with two Turrets with Har∣quebusses to defend the haven, which lies too open to the North-winds, whither Merchants trade for Cot∣ton-wool, keeping their Factory at Rama on a sandy plain, in the rising of an hill. 7 Modin, where the Macchabees Sepulchre of seven Pillars, so that they are the Seamans marks. 7 Tzara. 9 Healthful Gerar in the south of Canaan. 10 Ziglag. 11 Coreath Sepher since Daema an old University. 12 The well fortified fron∣tire-town Beersheba; besides those Cities of the Tribe of Judah: 1 Arad. 2 Hebron. 3 Tecoa. 4 Cerioth. 5 Je∣ther or Jethica. 6 Maresa. 9 Emaus, and its hot baths. 8 Hason, Odalla, Keila, Eleutheropolis, Azeha, Bethsur, Zoar, Mussuda, the strongest place in Judaea, Libna, Ziph, Bethlem, places renowned for Balsom, and those of the Tribe of Benjamin; as 1 Michmas, 2 Mispah. 3 Geba.

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4 Gibeah. Ai. 6 Gibeon. 7 Jericho. Anathoth. Gilgal. 10 Bethel; Ramath. 11 Jerusalem, to whose ruines many repair out of devotion, more out of curiosity, paying the Turk nine Crowns a man, amounting yearly to 80000 Ducats, only low roofed houses built here and there for two miles compass, looking handsomly at distance; inhabited by mean Artezans of all Nations and Reli∣gions.

6. In Idumea, E. S. Arabia Petraea, W. Mediterranean that dry and sandy place, bearing nothing but Palm∣trees, besides the two Hills, Mount Seir and Cassius are remarkable, 1 Dinahahath, Gen. 36.32, 35, 37. 2 An∣thedon, a port town on S. River Boser against Gaza. 3 Well fortified Rhino curura. 4 Ostracine, now Stragione on the Sea-side beneath Anthedon, and some few Vil∣lages inhabited by Arabians, and Castles kept by the Turks in the way to Egypt; as 5 Hamones, Harista, and Cario, Custome houses near Gaza, so ill watered, that the chief men there have all their water from Tena, twelve miles off, on the Coast of Aegypt; all these places under the Turk, though inhabited by the hated Jews in many places, who every Easter are in danger of that death they inflicted on our Saviour, by reason of their Ʋsury and Brocage, together with their being the Turks Publicans, and Tax-gatherers, their Nation stinks, as much as they said their bodies do.

XXII. * 4.20 Arabia

E. Chaldea, and Gulph of Persia, W. Palestine and the Red Sea, N. Euphrates, S. Main Southern Ocean; the Language Arabick, which is the Language of most Mahumetan Countries, the Alcoran being Writ, and most of their offices performed in it.

1. Hath in that Part called Arabia deserta, now Be∣noni, E. Babylonia, N. Mesopotamia, W. Palestina, S. Arabia foelix, Jobs Country, onely one remarkable place (being nothing but Rocks and Deserts) and that is Semischusach formerly called Saba, and some other Villages peopled by the civil Moors.

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2. In the Rocky (Petrea) not travelled but in Car∣vans only by Merchants with their Camels, who bring their food with them, the wandring and Idle Inhabi∣tants having nothing but Milk, Herbs, and Venison; Besides, 1 Mount Sinai, where there is a mesque of Turkish Pilgrims. 2 Horeb, now Orel, where is a Mona∣stry of Greek Monks. 3 Hor. where is 1 Petra now Crat, neer Mount Hor. the treasury of Aegypt, and the Key to Palestine. 2 Bosra, now B•ssereth of good esteem. 3 Elama, on a Bay of the Red-sea, called Sinus Elanicus. 4 Berenice, or Ezion-Geber, the harbour for the ships go∣ing to Ophir. 5 Sur and Havilah on the Gulfs of Persia and Arabia, &c.

3. In that portion of it called Arabia the happy, now Ailman, E. of Persia, W. Arabian Gulf, S. Ocean∣abounding with Myrrh, Balsom, Frankincense, Gold and Precious Stones, with Corn, Cattels, Wines, quiet Roads and Harbours, besides medicinal waters, eminent for the Phaenix, and the Ostrich that digesteth Iron, are now upon the ruines of the old places men∣tioned by Ptolomy.

1. Egra neer Sinus Elaniticus on the Red Sea, or Al∣giar port-town to Medina, three dayes Journey from it. 2 * 4.21 Jatrib being between. 3 Medina Talnabi, ill and poorly seated, but rich by the confluence of Pilgrims that flock thither to Mahomets Tomb (and Temple where burn 3000 Lamps continually) inclosed in an Iron Grate, and covered with Velvet, sent thither year∣ly by the Grand Seignior, the old Pall being cut into Relicks. 4 Cufa, the Counsel-place. 5 Mecca neer Medina the great Mart of the Commodities of Arabia, Persia and India, carried thence into all parts of the Turkish Empire, no Christian being permitted to come within five miles of it, it being unwalled, no water but rain: 6000 Families yearly visited with three Car∣vans of Pilgrims from India, Damascus, and Grand-Cair. 6 Zeden haven town to Mecca forty miles off, well built, and of great resort, but weak in a sand on the Red Sea.

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7 Zebel, the Metropolis of the Country, neer the Red Sea, well-traded for Sugars, Spice and Fruits. 8 Eltor, the onely port Christians may Inhabit. 9 The well∣traded, well fortified, and capacious haven of Aden on the entrance of the Red Sea, neer the Streights, called Babel-Mandel. 10 Oran, the Key of the Southern Ocean. 11 Zean, fifteen miles square. 12 Hor, a Garrison. 13 Muskahal on the Persian Gulf neer Cape Rezel Gate, opposite to Surat in the East Indies, well fortified by the Portugeez.

4. In the Islands, 1 of the * 4.22 Red Sea, or the Sea of Edom, which are twelve not worth naming, they are so small and desolate, except Dolaqua, one hundred and twenty miles long, and twelve broad, with a City of the name, where they gather Pearls. 2 Hot Camaran. 3 Red Xomou. 2 Of the Southern Ocean from the East of Aethiopia to the Indies. 1 Tylus with Vines, Olives, and good materials for Shipping. 2 Bairen and Gonfiar, where we have the best Pearles in the World in beds of Oysters.

XXIII. Chaldea,

E. Persia, W. Arabia the desert, N. Mesopotamia, the Seat (its thought) of Paradise, so fruitfull, that it yieldeth three hundred fold increase; three harvests: the first place of Astronomy, Astro∣logy, Divination and Idolatry, had first Babel that was confounded: Secondly Babylor, formerly one of the worlds wonder, as many furlongs round, as there are dayes in the year, (viz.) 365, 50 Cubits high, and so broad, that Carts might meet upon them; finished in one year by an 100000 workmen on both sides Eu∣phrates, famous for pensile Gardens; and for that the Enemy had entred one end of it, three dayes before the other heard of them; in whose stead now stands * 4.23 Bagdad, a place of great wealth and traffick, about se∣ven miles round, maintained now by the trade of Aleppo by Water, and by Land, in Carvans by Camels, for whose passages publick spirited men have built houses of Receits on the Roads, called Caravane

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Rowes, or Canes; here they correspond by Pigeons, which they teach by carrying them with them in a Cage to coast any Country. 2 Ctesephon. 3 Sipparum, and its great Trench. 4 Apamia. 5 Balsora, the port to Babylon at the fall of Euphrates to Sinus Persicus, where the riches of Arabia, Persia, and some parts of India, are landed and carried to Babylon, and so by water to Aleppo.

XXIII. Assyria,

E. Media, W. Mesopotamia. N. Tur∣comania, where Christianity was planted by St. Jude, and corrupted by the Nestorians; hath 1 Calach. 2 The fruitful, well-seated, and well-shaded Sittace. 3 Ar∣bela, neer which they say Noah built the Ark. 4 Apol∣lonia. 5 Geguamela. 6 Rhezen, which was once delivered up, because the Inhabitants were frighted with an Ec∣clips of the Son. 7 Mosul, the chief City of Assyria, raysed upon the Ruines of Nineveh, whereof there are hardly any foot-steps, and the seat of the Patriarch of the Nestorians, who call the Pope, the Reprobate Bishop. 8 Strong Arzeri and Scheheruzal.

XXIV. * 4.24 Mesopotamia,

E. Tygris, W. Euphrates, N. Taurus, S. Chaldea, now Dearbech, where Christi∣anity was preached by St. Thaddeus hath these remar∣kable places: 1 Strong Cologenbar. 2 Fair Edessa on the River Scyrtas neer Euphrates. 3 Nisibis. 4 Ʋr. 5 Ha∣ran. 6 Amida, (a strong frontier town against the Per∣sians) now Caramit, or Kara Amida, i. e. black Amida. 7 Phalga and Seruts at the meeting of Caphoras with Eu∣phrates. 8 Singara, on a River of the name well forti∣fied. 9 Bezabde on the banks of Tygris; Virta and Mer∣dix impregnable.

XXV. Between Mesopotamia and Turcomania on Mount Taurus;

is, 1 Moras, with its hot baths, and abundance of sulphur. 2 Larus Joon, between Omoal the last town of Hircania and Damoan, the first of Me∣dia

XXVI. Turcomania,

N. Tartary, S. Mesopotamia and Assyria, W. Euxine Sea Cappadocia, and Armenia mi∣nor,

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E. Media and Caspean Sea hath

1 In that Part called * 4.25 Armenia major, equally com∣posed of hills and dales, rich in Cattle and Fruits; fa∣mous for rich Tapestries, Grograines and watered Chamlets, which by a priviledge under Mahomets own hand above other Christians, they sell all over Turky, using the Armenian tongue, Christened by St. Bar∣tholomew, are, first the Rivers, 1 Aruxes, wch runs from Armenia to the Caspian Sea; and 2 Cyrus. 3 Cambyses. 4 Euphrates, now Frat, * 4.26 a violent stream cut into Channels, least it should drown the Country. 5 A swift River, affording an easie passage in a few rafts, born up with Goat-skins, blown up with wind to Bagdat, run∣ning long under ground, in whose and Euphrates cir∣clings lay Eden.

2. The Mountains Abos. 2 Periardes. 3 Ʋdalespes. 4 Antitaurus. 5 Montes Moschici. 6 Niphates. 7 The Gordian Mountains, or Ararat.

3. The Towns; 1 Artareta now Corin where the Battle was fought, 1514. which the Turks call the day of Doom; the place called the Calderan fields. 2 Se∣bastia now Suassia, seated on Euphrates. 3 Tigrane certa on the River Nicesorius. 4 Arcamasola. 5 Cholna. 6 Ba∣raza. 7 Arsarata. 8 Theodosiopolis. 9 Colonia. 10 Strong Clamassum on the Euphrates. 10 Charz made impreg∣nable in three weeks, 1579. 11 Well garrisoned and Ammunition'd Vau, a Frontier against the Persians. 12 Well fortified Arminig held by the Persians.

2. In Colchis famous for Vines and Gold (E. Iberia, W. Euxine Sea, N. Tartary, S. Armenia the greater) formerly, now the * 4.27 rude people Barter one Commo∣dity for another, with a language of their own; be∣sides the River Phasis navigable eighteen miles into the Country, whence came our Pheasants; was 1 the fa∣mous Mart Dioscurias, where the Romans kept 130 In∣terpreters to correspond with people of 300 Languages that traded there. 2 Phasis, on the same River, now Phassum, the residence of the Turkish Beglebergh. 3 Ne∣apolis and Alvati.

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3. In Iberia, E. Albania, W. Colchis, N. Mountains Caucasus, called so from the River Iberus running through it, now Georgia, woody and fruitful; the peo∣ple war-like, christened by Constantine the Great, and now divided between Mahumetanism and Jesuitisme, since 1614. is 1 Cremen. 2 Cachete. 3 Trtala. 4 Altun∣cala, or the strong Golden Castle. And the impreg∣nable Archichelech. 6 The large and well fortified * 4.28 Te∣stis Lori, and Tomanis (rich in Corn, Cattle, and Fruits, with Forts commanding all passages.) 7 Glisca and Bis∣capar.

4. In Albania, W. Iberia, E. Caspian Sea, naturally fruitfull, affording three reapings for once sowing, where people formerly could not tell an hundred, and understood not weights and measures, or money, re∣verencing old age, but not speaking of the dead: Gray from their Child-hood, and seeing as well by night as by day, is nothing remarkable; but the Rivers Alba∣nus and Cyrus, and the City Derbent neer the Caspian Sea, now Demircan or * 4.29 Iron Gate with Sabran, and Sancta Maria, all, or most of these places under the Turks.

XXVII. Media,

(E. Parthia and Hircania, W. Arm. major, and Assyria. N. Caspian Sea, Georgia. S. Persia. now Skeir-vun, i. e. Milky-plain, where it was a punishment for the Vulgar men to have less then se∣ven Wives, and Women less then five Husbands; their bread of dryed Almonds, their meat wild flesh; on the North side plenty of Wines, Fruits, Cattle, especially horses on the South side; they poyson their Arrows with Oleum Mediacum, so that nothing can allay the heat of the wound but a little dust, converted by St. Thomas.) hath in it besides the River Canac, between it and Armenia major, and the Lake Argis, whose fish dryed by the wind and sun raise these People a great advantage.

1. In the inhospitable Atropatria between Taurus and the Caspian Sea, whither its thought the Jews Cap∣tived

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by Salmanasser, are placed 1 Bochu by the * 4.30 Caspian Sea. 2 Strong Lres poss•ssed by the Turks, as an in-let to this Country. 2 * 4.31 Shamaki between Lres and Der∣bent, notorious for a Pillar of Flint-stones, interwoven with the heads of Persian Noblemen set there barba∣rously in terrorem.

2. In Media, especially so called, eminent for gene∣rous * 4.32 horses, fat Cattle, good Corn and Wine, and and excellent Water; was 1 Ruined Eobatana as state∣ly as Babylon, formerly out of whose rubbish, 2 Tauris was built now Baronta under the shadow of Mount Orontes, a hundred and fifty miles from the Caspian Sea, opening S. towards a large and spacious Campagne, six miles round built of brick with flat Roofs and Bat∣tlements, as in all the East; well traded, and inhabi∣ted at least by 200000 persons, with a strong Citadel. 3 Caspin on the Ruines of Arsacia, very conveniently and pleasantly Scituated on a Riveret that serves for necessity and pleasure, but not for trade. 4 Rages. 5 Nasuana. 6 Ardoville. 7 Sultanives ruines and Mosches, environed alwayes with snowy Mountains. 8 The fair Market Tywan. 9 Turcoman. 10 Daman, i. e. a second Plantation at the foot of Taurus, where the Inhabitants think Noahs Ark rested.

XXVIII. Persia,

E. India, N. Tartary, S. Sea, W. Media, under the 3d, 4th, 5th, and 6th Clime S. days thirteen hours. N. fifteen hours, healthful and shady; the people half skilfull in Physick, Poems, Astronomy, * 4.33 Horseman-ship, Archery, † 4.34 Magick, and among o∣ther manufactures in making Silks, and Cloath of Gold; all the Christianity there was planted by St. Thomas. Hath

1. In Susiana, W. Babylonia, N. Assyria, S. Tygris, cal∣led Havilah, famous for Gold * 4.35 Bdellium and Onyx stone, 1 Aracca and its bituminous water easily fired, and not easily quenched. 2 The Ruines of Susa. 3 Elimais rich by Pilgrimages with Sela on the Bank of Eulaeus, that emptieth its self into Sinus Persicus, of so pure a

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stream, that the great Persian Kings would drink of no other water. 4 Jaaroone inhabited by Jewes Suum and Casa.

2. In Persis, W. Susiana, N. Media, E. Carmania, now Fars, where some Dates, Palmes and Emeraulds are found; and in one part of it abundance of Roses, Rose∣water, Cordovans, Corn, Fruit and Cattle; are 1 Au∣sinza on the Bay, between the mouths of the Rivers Bagradas, and Brisoana, as 2 is Jona Capolis. 3 Axenia now Lansilla. 4 Shyras raised on the ample ruines of Persepolis (burnt by Alexander in a drunken fit, at the instigation of Lais) neer the banks of Araxes, now Bindimir the Metropolis, nine miles round in a plain, hemmed with Mountains, famous for Gardens, and Mosches with their golden lights, and a thousand Lamps; affording Good Wine, pretty Women, pleasant fruits, and a gallant people. 5 Well-wooded and wa∣tered Moyown, N. E. Shyras. 6 The high Mountain and Castle of Banneraw. 7 Berry, a School for the Ara∣bick tongue, &c.

3. In * 4.36 Carmania, W. Persis, and the Gulf of Persia, N. Parthia, S. Indian Sea, affording neither good Port, nor good coming to it all the two hundred leagues on the Sea coast, to carry off its poor Commodities, such as Dates, Myrrhe, Arsenie, Brass, Iron, Alabaster, Fish and little Silver; are 1 Cyrza and Gochorta, two Port Towns. 2 Alexandria. 3 O•tespana. 4 Armuza, on the shore of the Persian Gulf. 5 Populous Gunbroone. 6 Jasques in Cape de Jasques. 7 Charmania (Chyrman) notable for cloath of Gold, and Scymitars. 3 In-land Lar, and its goodly Market place Mosch, and Cittadel of Mosai{que} work; through this Country Alexander marched af∣ter the Conquest of India in a fortnights continued fit of drinking and revelling.

4 In Ormus, an Isle in the entrance of the Persian * 4.37 Gulf (which after a narrow streight openeth to the City Balfora, and is two thousand five hundred Italian miles compass) twenty miles round, affording only

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Salt, and notwithstanding its so hot, that the people are forced to live in Caves; and so unhappy that they send to other Countries for water; is so well Scitua∣ted, that the Wealth of Persia and East India is brought to its great Mart Armuzium (two miles round) in the end of the Isle, and thence conveyed by water to Eu∣phrates, and thence by Boats, or Camels to Aleppo, A∣lexandretta and Tripolis, till it was destroyed by the help of the English, 1622. who have therefore customes of all strangers that traffick at Gambroon, whither the trade of this place was removed.

5. In * 4.38 Gedrosia, W. Carmania, S. Indian Sea, E. Gambaia or Guzurat in India, a barren place, affording onely Nard, and Myrrhe, but a poor Village is the chief City.

6. In poor Drungiana, S. Gedrosia; is 1 Prophthasia now Sistan. 2 Sige or Sigestan, 3 Mulebet, 4 Pharazada. 5 Arvada.

7. In Despicable * 4.39 Arachosia is no place memorable; but 1 Alexandria now Cabal at the foot of Taurus. 2 Sin.

8. * 4.40 In Para Pomismus, N. Bactria, E. India, W. Ana, dark with hills; is 1 Candabor, the Metropolis of great trade, by reason of the Scituation of it on the borders of India.

9. In Aria, W. Parthia, E. Para pomismus, where is in some places a strong wine that will keep colour, and tast eighty years, something like Myrrhe and Saphyr: there are now only, 1 Heri or Eri on the banks of A∣rias, called the City of Roses, very strong. 2 Sasuar.

10, In Parthia, E. Aria, W. Media, N. Hyrcania, S. Carmania, now Arach, nothing but sand, unless it be under the woods, where are things for necessity, none for riot; the people slavish, nimble horse men, and Archers: the Country not passable for the Sands, were it not for Caus-wayes and Castles at each three miles end; are 1 Hispan * 4.41 raysed out of the ruines of Heca∣tompyle, called by the Inhabitants, Half the World; nine miles round in a plain with Gardens, Baths, and Mos∣ches,

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and a cloystered quadrangular market place, well stored with Merchandises, and Drugs; in the qua∣drangle whereof they use horse races, and other war∣like exercises. Jelphea on the other side the River, in∣habited by Armenian Christians for a great Poll. 3 Croom, a large, pleasant, and healthy place on a Ri∣veret. 4 Casham, rich and well built, and filled with Artizans in Silks, Sattins, Cloth of Gold, and Car∣pets; adorned with a beautifull Caravans Raw to en∣tertain strangers. 4 Tangaunt where the King of Persia hath an incomparable House, for Gardens, Groves, Ecchoes, and Labyrinths, &c.

11. In Hircania, S. * 4.42 Parthia. N. Caspian Sea, E. Mergeana; the people of which place starve their Pa∣rents at seventy years of age; fruitful in pasture, wheat, wines, figs and other fruits; full of Forrests, and those Forrests full of Panthers, Leopards, Lyons, Tygers, &c. Is 1 Hyrcania Hyrcan. 2 Ashoraffe two miles from the Sea in a spacious plain, containing two thousand houses, adorned with two great Pallaces, the Furniture of one of which was valued by a Merchant at twenty millions. Farabont, on a navigable branch of the Cas∣pian Sea, well traded, especially by Muscovy Mer∣chants, for Silks, whose ships come from the Volge, which dischargeth it self into the Caspian Sea by seventy mouths in March, and return in July; it being from thence to Astracan but ten dayes sail; famous for its Gardens, a Pallace, and a Market-place. 4 Chiachoporo on a River, the water whereof is for eleven months sweet, and for the twelfth salt. 5 The well-watered and wooded Barfrushder and Omoal resorted to by Peo∣ple of seven Tongues. 6 Stava, a Town of great Traf∣fique for raw silk. 7 Mesander, whence the Province Mesandrum.

12. In Sandy Morgiana, W. Hyrcania, E. Bactria, N. Tartary; besides huge Vines as big as a mans middle, with clusters of Grapes two cubits long, of Noahs plant∣ing, as it is thought here; and the City Alexandria,

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now called I•dian; the chief place in the Country neer which is Jas•nium on the confluence of

Margus

.

13. In Bactr•a the greatest part whereof S. and W. is nothing but sand, which is travelled only in the night but towards the River Oxus, plentiful in wheat, and all g•ain except Oav•s, rich Mettals, and some Precious Stones, as Em•ralds, Chrysolites and Ja∣cinthes: is 1 Bactria at the foot of the hill S•gdii now Bo∣chor, the Metropolis well fortified and stored. 2 Isti∣gias, the pleasantest City in the East. 3 Eucratidia, Alicodra, Charra Charia, all these under the Persian So∣phi, except here and there some places taken by the Turks, and others under the Muscovite and Portugez; the first whereof manageth the Trade of the Caspian Sea and the latter, that of the Southern Ocean.

XXIX. Tartary,

E. China, and the Streights of A∣nian, W. Russia and Podolia, N. Scithicke or Frozen Sea, S. China, and the great wall that parts them, contain∣ing five thousand four hundred miles from E. to W. and three thousand six hundred from N. to S. from the sixth climate, till they cease measuring by climates; the dayes being in some places six months, and the nights as long, reaching from fifty degrees of Longi∣tude, to one hundred ninety five, and from forty of Latitude to eighty, i. e. within ten degrees of the Pole it self: The people swarthy, squat, swift, vigilant, hardy, whining when they talk, and howling when they sing; men eaters, drinking Mares milk, riding Oxen. That Christianity that is there planted by St. Andrew, and St. Philip, and over-run with Nestoria∣nism; thought by Genebrard to be the Off-spring of the ten Tribes: Hath,

1. In Tartaria * 4.43 Precopensis or minor, abounding in Camels, Horses, Oxen, Sheep and Goats Venison in in their Forrests, and Fish and Fowl in the Fens of Maeotis, with a temperate ayre, about ninety nine Ita∣lian miles long, and sixty three broad: on the Rivers Boristenes and Tanais, arisng in Russia in Mosco, in the

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chief City, * 4.44 of which there are 50000 Tartar horses sold yearly; besides that these people with roots, cheese and garlick, eat horses flesh, each Bowman carrying two horses with him to the wars, one for service, and the other for meat.) 1 Caffa neer the Streights [Sterto de Caffa] a flourishing Empory, with a capacious haven, commanding the trade of the Euxine. 2 Preceph. 3 Wel∣traded and harboured Corsunum, now Sari Germanum, from the yellow earth thereabouts like Saffron. 4 Wel∣fortified Crim (whence Crim Tartars commanding the Euxine, and Lake of Maeotis. 5 Panticapaeum, on the Vospero or Bosphorus. 6 Tanas on Tanais, frequented by the Merchants of all Nations on the Euxine under the Turks. 7 Ruinous, but high Ingirmenum. 8 Oizakow, the residence of the Cham, whose Court in Summer time makes a moveable City of Wheele-houses, called Agara, or the town of Carts neer Podolia in Poland, and part of Muscovy, under the protection of the Grand-Seignior, who recommanded one of the Chams to be King of Poland, in a letter to this effect, that their Pope should be his Pope, and their Luther his Luther, and that he would not put them to the charge of house∣keeping, for he could eat horse-flesh.

2. In Tartaria deserta, W. Precopensis and Russia, * 4.45 E. Zagathai, N. Frozen Sea, S. Euxine, and Caspian; so fruitful, if the Tartars (that laugh at us for living on the top of reeds; so they call our bread) say true, that for once sowing Mill and Punicum they have without any tillage three Returns of both; Few Cities, (they roving with their herds, as the grass holds capable of Mer∣chandise, having a fair sea coast, several Bays, Havens, and navigable Rivers, only Mountains, on the top of which the Sun shines when its night in the Valley) saving 1 Locoppa. 2 Conice, Phanogoria, St. Georges on the Bosphorus and Rha, neer which on both sides there is a medicinal root called Rha Pontiche, to distin∣guish it from Rha-Barbarum or Rhubarb. This tract inaccessible. 3 Bolgar on the River Volga, neer which

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is the greatest herd of Tartars, called Horda Magna. 4 * 4.46 Scharaishe on the other side of the Volga, where is no money but brass, no corn but roots troublesome to Muscovy, who pacifieth them with presents, yet keep∣ing continual Garrisons at Casan, Astrachan, and Wiatra, least they should disturb the Russia trade in the Caspian Down the Volga, as they go up and down in herds fol∣lowing the Pole-star, but keeping close for fear of the Muscovite; much delighted in Negromancy and Con∣jurations under the Cham of Chathai; their delicacies are mice, serpents, and other wormes, and their man∣sions Caves.

3. In Zagathai, E. Cathai on the other side of Imaus, N. Frozen Sea, S. Caspian and the River Oxus, between it and Persia; is 1 Drepsa on the Oxus: as is 2 Oxiana. 3 Maruca. 4 Alexandria. 5 Tribarra, not consider∣able among such a * 4.47 wandring people. 6 Zabaspia, an eminent town, by reason the Inhabitants thereabouts are civil and industrious, good mechanicks, well skil∣led in manufactories, and very seldom without a great confluence of * 4.48 Merchants, trading on the River Daix, and the mouth of the Oxus. 7 The magnificent Mara-Canda. 8 Well-traded and populous Bichend; and 9 in the wild Turcestan Calba, Ocerra and Crustina on the Lake Kitay, much frequented by Russian and Tartarian Merchants sayling thither by the River Ob, for Be∣vers, Sables, Seil-skins, &c. and not far hence are the Savage Scythians.

4. In Cathay, W. Zagathi with Imaus, between E. Sea and China, S. India, N. Tartaria Antiqua, extending from the North Sythia extra Imaum to the South India Ex∣tra Gangen nine hundred and sixty miles, and from E. to W. one thousand five hundred, abounding East∣ward with Wheat, Rice, Wool, Hemp, Silk, Musk, and Rhubarb on the banks of Volga; besides Camels hair, Chamlets, and such a numberless number of horses, as that they sent eighty thousand at one time for a present to the King of China; and the great Cham

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feedeth yearly ten thousand white Mares for their Milk; the Air very hot in summer, and very good in winter, subject to wonderful thundering, earth-quakes & winds: their Cham not to be seen without purgations or washing; are 1 Cambala, or Cham's pleasant seat of free-stone in the heart of the Country on the River Paly∣sanga, navigable from the Eastern Ocean thither, whi∣ther it conveys a great store of Merchandises and Mer∣chants, and among other Merchandises, ten thousand Cart-loads of Silk from China. Twenty eight miles round, containing among other Inhabitants, Fifty thousand Astrologers. 2 Xandu, the Emperours Pal∣lace, containing eight quadrangles one within ano∣ther, the least two miles in compass, between whose several walls are Walks, Gardens, Orchards, Fish∣ponds, Parks, Forrests, Chases, &c. 3 Fair Caraio and Gouza, where the women are said to guild their teeth. 4 Careanfean, where is the herb called Chiny-Cathaii, an ounce whereof being valued worth a sack of Rhubarb; not far from hence in Serica you may barter their Silks for trifles, for like Quakers they make but one word.

Especially, at 1 Sera. 2 Ottecora. 3 Issedon. 4 Oro∣sana; and 5 Donata: Here and in Scythia extra Emaum, they made carousing cups of their Fathers skulls; where 1 Hiachan is a great Mart. 2 Cialis, a great Court. 3 Succuir, famous for Merchandise. 4 Campion, where if the woman offer her self to the Priest, he thinks it a sin to refuse lying with her, besides other barbarous, desolate, idolatrous, and inchanting pro∣vinces and Cities, onely in East Tartary, there are Ca∣stors, Martrois, and Zibellons, and other precious skins, besides Horse hair, and the root Ginsen, with which they traffick at Leatony, a Province N. E. of China: of Tartaria Antiqua, you may be sure nothing remarkable, since they are so barbarous, that they will marry no Virgins, but such as have been prostituted by their Mothers to the Merchant-strangers, who bestow on them Jewels, and she is the most acceptable to her

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husband, who brings him the greatest reward of her shame.

XXX. China,

E. Oriental Ocean, W. India and Cathay, N. Altas, * 4.49 and East Tartary, from which divided by a chain of hills, and a great wall extended four hundred leagues in length. S. Cauchin-China, a Province of In∣dia three thousand leagues about, one thousand eight hundred leagues long, reaching from 130th to 160th degree of Longitude, and from the Tropick of Cancer, to the 53d degree of Latitude; lying under all the climes from the 3d to the 9th; hot, but healthful: so fruitfull, that it yieldeth three harvests a year, of Wheat, Barley, Rice, Wool, Cotton, Olives, Wines, Flax, Silk, besides their Pearls and Bezoar, all kind of Metall, Fruits, Cattle, Sugar, Honey, Rhubarb, Cam∣phire, Ginger, and all kinds of Spices, medicinal wood, called China Wood, Muske, Salt, Poultrey, especially * 4.50 Ducks, whereof in one town, thirteen thousand eaten one day with another. The people well-set, middle∣sized, gluttonous, but cleanly, not touching their meat with their hands, but eating with two Ebony sticks, whence silver Forks used first in Italy, and then in Eng∣land. Skilful in Manufactories, the Son being bound to follow his Fathers Trade, witness, PRINTING, and GUNNING, its thought first invented there. Porcellan dishes, curious carvings, and their fine paint∣ed works in Tables, Leathers and Stuffs, whereof they are so proud, that they say they have two eyes, the Europeans one, and the rest of the world stark-blind: the Women very modest, reserved, and much watched by their Husbands, having invented them a pinching fa∣shion of shooes, that they might have no delight to walk abroad. The Inhabitants reckoned one hundred and seventy million by Sea and Land; the Sea for three hundred leagues from Nanquin to Paquin, being but one street of Ships, wherein they buy, sell, are born, and dye. The People multiplying, because they make no War but Defensive, and are forbid to go out of their

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Country. Their Religion Gentilisme, with some re∣mainders of Christianity, planted there by St. Thomas. Here are five hundred ninety one Cities Uniform, most on one of their seven * 4.51 Navigable Rivers, where∣of the most Eminent are;

1 Quinsoy or Suntren, on the West of China neer Ca∣thai, formerly an hundred miles round, with a Lake in it thirty miles about, containing six hundred thousand Families of Artificers. 2 Ʋnguen and its Sugars. 3 Nan∣quin on the great River Kuni, thirty miles round, with twelve thousand Ships before it, nine leagues from the Sea; two hundred thousand houses. 4 The Royal City Paquin, walled so thick with brick, that twelve horse-men may go abreast upon the wall of it. 5 Can∣ton or Quamchen, (where is one Herb that is all the Phy∣sick of China.) On a Navigable River where the Por∣tugez drive a wealthy trade in the day time, being shut out at night; whereupon they have setled their Mart at Macao, the Port-town to this. 6 Xaokin on the like River. 7 Zuchean, the centre of Merchandise. 8 Ham∣seau or Hanychen on the Northside of the River Cinitha∣ny, within two days Journey of the Sea, affording trade to all the Northern parts of China. 9 Stately Fochea. 10 Coluns, and its best Procellane. 11 * 4.52 Scianchai seated in a Country that looks like one Orchard within twenty four hours sail of Japan, a great Mart and Har∣bour, where two hundred thousand persons work in Cotton. 12 Chinchiamsu, on a River that never free∣zeth. 13 Suanchea, the onely Southern Port of China. 14 Caiton or Caisuuy on the River Kiamy a good har∣bour destroyed 1642. 15 The convenient Haven Kai∣anchen on the Southside of the River Croc•us. 16 Chat∣king. 17 Taitung. 18 Nancheny, besides the two Isles Corea, and Cheunan.

XXXI. India,

E. China, W. Persia, N. Tartary, with Taurus between, S. Sea; extended from the one hundred and sixth, to the one hundred sixty ninth degree of Longitude; and from the Aequator to the

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forty fourth degree of Northern Latitude: affording a double encrease, and blessed with Mines of Gold, Sil∣ver, and Precious Stones, with Mettals of all kind, ex∣cept Copper, and Lead; and Cattle, except Horses, and Fruit, except Wheat and Vines; all Spices, Civets, and medicinal Drugs; besides that, it is famous for all sorts of Camels, Parrats, Apes, Dragons, Serpents, R•inocerats, and Elephants: The Inhabitants, 1 In∣dians. 2 Moors, 3 Jews. 4 Tartars. 5 And Merchants-Portugez, Spaniards, English or Dutch: Civil, plain-deal∣ing proud only in Perfumes, and Jewels, (living on Barley, Rice Milk, Honey, &c.) The women in Lawn, so fond, that they dye with their husbands, that bought them for a Yoke of Oxen; though they have a barbarous custome, that the Brach-mans or Priests should lye with them the first night they are married; and that of killing their Friends before they are aged. Ten Mountains of Note for precious Stones. Two Ri∣vers, 1 Indus now Naugrocat, falling after a course of nine hundred miles into the Sea in seven months. 2 Ganges eight miles broad in the narrowest place. On this side which is called India intra Gangem. E. Gulf Bengala, W. Persia, and Arabian Sea, N. Taurus, S. Cape Commari; having eighteen or nineteen Rivers, disco∣vered after three attempts by the Portugez, while the Spaniards were busie in making a discovery of the new World, 1502. Fifteen Provinces, and forty seven Kingdomes under the great Mogul.

1 Dulsinga, S. Cambaia, N. Tartary, E. Indus, W. Persia, * 4.53 temperate where 1 Healthy Chusmair in a most de∣licate and rich valley. 2 the Fort Roree. 3 Sestan. 4 Mul∣tun, three leagues from the Indus, the ordinary through-fare of the Caravans in the way from Lahor to Spahan, forced to stay there four dayes to enrich the town: good for nothing but Bows and Arrows. 5 The Fort Duchee in the Streights of the mountains to secure the Caravans.

2. Over against Dulsinda Pengab, where 1 is Lahor,

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on the Eastern banks of the Indus, the chief Staple for Spices, carried by land to Persia, and by water to Eu∣rope. 2 S•ltan Puarre. 3 Athe•, in the way you come from Lahore to China.

3. Mountanous Mandao, N. Pengab, where 1 Man∣dao on the River Mandavo of good note, eighteen miles round. 2 Moltan, where the women go booted and spurred.

4. Thievish Delly, and its swift Dromedaries, W. Mandao; hath 1 Delly, a great City of pleasure. 2 D•∣ceti. 3 Tremel, on the W. River Mandova.

5. Well-watered, and rich Agra, N. Delly, and Mandao; where 1 Agra, strong and populous on the North bank of the River Jemena. 2 Decayed Fate-pore, or Feti-barri. 3 Impregnable Hendee. 4 Biant, where the best * 4.54 Indico; for the making whereof here are twelve Mills.

6. Sanga, N. Agra, 1 Azmor, one hundred eighty miles from Agra, at each three miles end, of which there is an Inn built for Pilgrims. 2 Citor, in the mid∣dle way between Surat and Agra.

7. Cambaia, E. W. Welly and Ma•da•, S. Sea, where 1 Insinda the first Province thereof is 1 Lawribander in the out-let of Indus, three dayes journey from Geta Ne∣gar Tutta (on the banks of the Indus, a town of great trade, frequented by Portugez, who return Pepper for such Indian Commodities as come hither from Lahore) to which it is the Port-town; much frequented, be∣cause free from wormes, which about Surat disable the ships. 2 Sarrama the middle Town. 4 Nuraquimire, be∣yond a * 4.55 desart. 5 Radempoore neer it. 6 Calwalla, given the women to bring up their Daughters to Dance.

2. In Robbing Guzarate, N. Sinda. S. Sea, E. Indus, W. Persia. 1 Diu. looking towards Persia, in the mouth of the Indus, possessed by the Spice-Traders of Portugal; the first news of the taking of which was brought to to Lisbon by Jo. Botelius from India, in a Vessel of eigh∣teen foot long, and six foot broad. 2 Boldra. 3 Meda∣bat,

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on the Rivers side as big as Paris, much frequented by all Merchants. 4 Ardovat not far from it. 5 Saringa. 6 Poriana. 7 Sherfo, the Sepulchre of their Kings.

3. In Cambaja, N. Mandao, S. Decan, Surat, W. Sea, abounding in Rice, Wheat, Sugar, Spices, and choice fruits of all sorts; great store of Silk and Cotton, Dia∣monds, Chalcedonies, Onyx-stone, and Cornelines, or as we call them Cornelians; and the rare Beast Abades, twice as big as a Bull, with an impenetrable skin, and a little horn on their Snouts. Where the people never marry out of their own Trades or Tribes, especially the Banians who are kind of Pytha∣goreans. 1 Cambaja, three miles round, and from the Indus. 2 Barrocho, S. of it where good * 4.56 Calicoes. 3 Wel∣fortified and orcharded Surat, with its Pomgranates, Melons, Figs and Lemmons, the residence of an English Factory, that hath a great trade in the Bay of Swalley, ten miles off. 4 Neriand and its Indico. 5 Daman, a pleasant town of the Portugez, upon the Sea-side over against Diu. 6 High and impregnable Campanel and Dacaiotote. 7 Netherby and Bandore, great Markets for Brazen ware, Beasts, and Armour. 8 Decan, N. Cam∣bria, W. Sea, on the Sea-Coast for two hundred and fifty miles. 1 Decan, and the rich and well-guarded * 4.57 Diamond-hill neer it. 2. Bider, a Royal City North∣ward. 3 As Visapore was. 4. Danagur. 5 Sintacora, on the mouth of the River Aliga. 6 The great Empory Goa, fifteen mile round in the Island Ticuarinum over against the out-let of Mandavo, one of the Keys to the Indies, possessed by the Portugals. 7 The Sea-town Chaul theirs too. 8 The beautiful and well-traded town Brampore, on a great River like London, not far from the strong fort Syra.

9 Canara, N. Decan, S. Malabar, W. Sea hath 1 Me∣linde. 2 Onor. 3 Patticalia. 4 Mangalor all Ports of good trade for Sugars▪ Figgs▪ Corn held by the Por∣tugez. 5 Lispor and its quarries of Adamant. 6 Solset, and its Peninsula.

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10. Malabar, N. Canara the River Gangeraco be∣tween E. Narsinga, and the mountain Gate• between, S. W. Sea, plentiful for Ginger, Cinnamon, Cassia, Pepper, and the Dates that yields Wine, Oyl, Sugar, fine Cloa•• and Cordage; and another bearing Cot∣ton, Cypr•ss and cobweb Lawn the leaves Sattin and Taffata, be•des Apes, Monkeyes, Parrats, and Para∣quitoes. 1 Connor, in the Province or Connor, with a fair and capacious haven, much frequented by Mer∣chants, especially Portugez, who have a Citadel here. 2 Cora. 3 Peripatum. Marabia. 5 Main. 2 * 4.58 Calicute, in the Province of Calicute on the Sea three miles, a place or great trade, where the Eastern and European Merchants meet. 3 Chale, a Fort. 4 Chatua. 5 Purtan∣gale. 6 Tanor. 3 Cranganor, commodious for trade, at the mouth of a River in the Province of Cran Ganor on the S. of Calicate, full of St. Thomas's * 4.59 Christians. 8 Co∣chin, a well-traded, and well-havened town in the out∣let of Mangat, in a Province of that name, S. Cran∣ganor forty leagues on the shore. 9 Caicholam, a much frequented Port-town in Caicolam. 10 Caulan neer Caicolam, with its commodious haven much resorted to by forreign Merchants for Pepper and other Spices. 11 Quilacor in Trevandor, whither the Kings of that place after twelve years Reign go, and on a Scaf∣fold cut their Noses, Eares and Lips, and at last their throats.

11. Narsinga, S. Trevancor, E. Gulf Bengala: here is 1 Cael neer Trevancor, where they fish for Pearl. 2 Gol∣conda. 3 Chamdagrin, a seat-Royal. 4 Perepti, where at an yearly feast they offered two hundred thousand Crowns. 5 Madura. 6 Chadamburam. 7 Maliaper, or St. Thomas re-peopled, with a Colony of Portuguez. 8 Choromandel, a place of Trade, giving name to all the Sea-coast about it on the west side of the Gulf of Ben∣gala, with Casta. Negapatan, Tarnassari desolate Bisnagar, and Royal Narsinga, where the women desire to be bu∣ried alive with their Husband:

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Et certamen habent lethi, quae viva sequatur

Conjugium; pudor est non licuisso mori:

Ardent victrices, & praebent pectora flammae

Imponuni{que} suis ora perusta viris.

12. Oristan, S. Narsinga, Botanter, E. Gulf of Bengala, a fair Sea-coast of three hundred and fifty miles in length, i. e. from Cape Guadarino between it and Nar∣singa to Cape Leogorae between it and Bengala. 1 Orissa, on the Sea side, well traded for Rice, Cloth of Cotton, the Stuff Yerva like Silk; together with long Pepper, Ginger, Mirabolins, &c. 2 Royal Cateoba. 3 The wel-traffiqued Port Angeli, at the bottom of the Gulf of Bengala. 4 Poor Bacola.

13. Botanter, S. Onstan, W. the sacred River * 4.60 Guenga, E. Ganges; where the people have ears of a span length, never washing for fear of defiling the water; where is Bottia, Clamur-Kukares (a Staple for the sale of their Cloath to the Chinois, and Tartarian Merchants) * 4.61 Cou∣che, where they kill not their Cattle, but keep Hospi∣tals for them when they are old.

14. Patanau, N. Botanter; 1 Large, but thatched Patane. 2 Holy and Pilgrim Bannaras on the holy Ganges. 3 Siripur. † 4.62 4 Ciandecan, on the bottom of the Gulf of Bergala. 5 Satagan.

15. Bengala, N. Patanaw, E. Pegu, S. W. Gulf of Bengala on the Gulf and River three hundred and sixty miles long hath 1 Be•gala on the Ganges, rich in trade for Silk and Cotton long Pepper, Ginger, Sugar, Wheat and Rice: the people subtil and skilled in Phy∣losophy, Physick and Astronomy: richer in Pilgri∣mages to the Holy Water of Ganges, with Gatigan, a well-traded port in the bottom of the Gulf of Bengala. 3 Taxada, decayed in trade by an alteration in the Channel. 4 Porrow Grande, and Porror Pequeno, two Lawless Asylums, with the Islands Basse, Cainam, Islas de Pracel, where was reported such store of Adamants, as drew ships thither, if they were not pinned with wooden pins.

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2. In India Extra Gangen, or the continent beyond Ganges * 4.63 is 1 Brama, W. Ganges, N. Cathay in Tartary, E. Cauchin-china, S. Pega, now Barma, rich in m••es of Gold and Silver; Rubies and Mask much traded to by P•rtugez: and there 1 Calam. 2 Bacan. 3. Mira•da. 4 Me•inta. 5 Prom. 6 Ava. 7 Tangu, and 8 Brama, where is the tree called Moses, which they take to be the Tree of Life.

2 Cauchinchina, W. Brama, E. China, N. Tartary, S. Cam∣boia, rich in Aloes, Silks, Taffata, and other Stuffs, Gold. Silver, Porcellane earth, wrought into Chi•a∣ware (well counterfeited among us by drawing a white crust on our Potters Earth) Powder, Guns, where is the City Cauchin-china, on a River of China, running into a capacious Bay, with the Island Aimo, where they fish for pearls, commanded by Portugez.

3 Camboia, N. Cauchin-china abounding in Elephants, and Rhinocerots or Abades, Aloes, Gold, and the sweet-wood Calumba, where is the well-traded City of Comboia, on the River Mecon, as the Staple for the Commodities of this Country. 2 Cudurmuch on the same River. 3 Coul on the sea-side.

4 Jangoma W. Pegu, E. Camboia, N. Brama, S. Siam, a barbarous place not observable.

5 Siam, N. Jangoma and Pegu, E. S. W. Sea, a Penin∣sula, called formerly the Golden * 4.64 Chersonesse, rich in Gold, Silver, Tin, &c. Pepper, Elephants and Horses. 1 Malaca, a noted Empory for the space of two hun∣dred and seventy miles, especially at the City Malaca on the River Gaza, unwholesom indeed, but of great trade for Spices, Oyntments, Gold, Silver, Pearls, and pre∣cious stones, especially since the Portugals removed the trade from Sincapura, a Mart neer the Promontory Magnum hither. 3 Palo Zambilan, whence to Sinca∣pura, about the Southern Cape, called Cape Liampo, two hundred and seventy miles. 2 Johor and Patane, the Queens whereof have been so kind to the English and the Dutch, as to permit them Factories there, 1612.

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3. Siam, particularly so called, where is, 1 Socatus. 2 Quedoa, and the best Pepper. 3 Tavai, Lugor on the Sea side. * 4.65 4 Siam, commodiously seated, and much frequented for trade, and Merchandise on the River Menam.

4. Muantay, between Jangoma and Siam, memorable for the third Empory of the Indies Odia or Ʋdie on the Banks of the River Caipumo, where two hundred thou∣sand Skiffs and Shallops, attend to waft people from place to place.

6. Pegu, E. Jangoma and Siam, N. Barma, W. S. Gulf of Bengala, where besides 1 Verma. 2 Machin, where neither Port nor Haven; is, 3 Orachan, in which Pro∣vince is; 1 Dianger ruined. 2 Sundiva, in an Island well fortified. 3 Arrachan, on a capacious River thir∣ty leagues distance from the Sea. 4 Martavan, with its chief City Martavan, rich in Rice, Iron, Lead, Steel, Brass, Silver, Gold, Sugar-Canes, and other woods odoriferous, and medicinal, scituated on a capacious Haven all the year open; and what is rare, here free from Sands, even in the winter time. 5 Pegu, lying like a Crescent on the Gulf of Bengala, eminent for Rubies, Civet-cats, Lacca (Gum made by Ants there, as Wax is made by Bees here) Elephants, and the best Parrats; the people whereof say, they were begotten between a Dog and a China Woman cast on the shore. Here are 1 Woody Cosmi. 2 Jacabel. 3 Dian. 4 * 4.66 Coilan. 5 La∣nagon. 6 Silvan pede. 7 Meccao, (where such goods are unloaded as are carried by land to Pegu) with its strong Castle. 8 Siriang, a strong place in the mouth of Pegu. on whose Banks most of the foresaid places lye; as doth the most beautiful, rich, and well-traded Pegu, in the Old part whereof the Merchants live, as the King doth in the New; most of these places under Kings of their own, that daily make war upon one another, but the greatest amongst them is, the rich, and absolute Prince, the Mogul.

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XXXII. The Orientael Isles:

1. In the heap of Isles, containing fifty three King∣doms, two hundred leagues; S. on the Sea called Ja∣pan, where the people are cunning, ambitious, impla∣cable, hating idle recreations; eating in Physick sharp salt, and raw things; using in salutations to put off their shooe: is 1 Meaco, the common staple of Japan. 2 Ossacy, of great trade. 3 Feno-Jama their Uni∣versity and Banoum. 4 Bongo. 5 Cora, where at least one tooth of their Kings must be interred. 6 Amanga S•qui. 7 Surungo, as big as London. 8 Edoo and Firando, where 1613 there was a Factory setled for the English Mer∣chants. 9 The noted Haven Ochino-famanus.

2. The * 4.67 Philippines, and the neighbouring Islands S. of Japan, rich in Rice, Pulse, Honey, Wax, Sugar-Canes, the best Figs in the world, Cotton-wool, Mines of Gold, and other Mettals; plenty of Fish, Birds and Beasts: where forty containing a million of people, are under the King of Spains Government, and under his Vice-Roy in New-Spains Jurisdiction: As 1 Lusson with Manilla, a commodious Haven town. 2 Tandair, very fruitfull. 3 Mindano, three hundred and eighty leagues round, where 1 Cailon, Pavados, Sabal, and Da∣piro, and westward the Lequins; and Hermosa, lately called New-Holland, because taken, planted, and strong∣ly fortified by some Adventures of that Country; Ci∣umbabon, where is the * 4.68 Plant animal.

3. The burning seven * 4.69 Isles of Bandan, where are the best Nutmegs growing like Peaches or Malaca∣toons, where are Dutch Factories, and some English Merchants, the place being yielded to the Protection of King James, November 24, 1620, both the Dutch and we taking advantage of their divisions, though they are more inclined to us than the Dutch.

4. The innumerable Moluccoes hot on both sides the Aequator, affording Cinamon, Ginger, Nutmegs, Ma∣stick, Aloees, Pepper, and especially Cloves growing on trees like Bay-trees, which after the white and the

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green blossoms when they smell extraordinarily fra∣grantly, yield red and hard ones; which are Cloves so hot, that in two days they will * 4.70 dry up a pail of water standing in the room where they are sorted; the most remarkable of them are Tidor, Terenate, Macir, Rachian, Mach•an, Botone, Poleroone and Poleway; in the former whereof the Dutch have three Forts and Fa∣ctories to the Spaniards one; the two last are the En∣glishes, surrendred December 23, 1616. by right, the first the best in the world for Cloves, and the latter for Nut∣megs, which the Dutch seized, cutting down the Clove-trees, and the Nutmeg-trees when they were to restore them to the English.

5. The Many Selebes, as 1 Sclebes properly so called, where Cian or Sion. 2 Nebon, N. and Terelli, S. 3 Gilolo, or D•l-moro, well stored with wild hens, and a kind of Shell-fish that much resembleth Mutton; and the Tree Saga, which affordeth them bread and drink. In the chief town whereof Batchame or Batachina, there is a Dutch Fort to defend their Factory.

6. Amboyna, S. of the Aequator, fertile in Rice, Ci∣trons, Lemmons, Orenges, Coquo-nuts, Sugar-canes, and Cloves, &c. Which hot fruits suck the moysture of the Earth, so that nothing else will grow there. Notorious for the unheard of cruelties exercised upon the English by the Dutch 1618 in that place.

7. Macassar, W. Amboyna, S. W. Celebes, six hundred miles from E. to W. plentifull of Rice, Flesh, Fish, Salt, Cotton-wool, Gold, Pearls, Sander a Medicinal wood growing like a Nutmeg-tree, the fruit like Cherries, overgrown with wood; there 1 is Senderem, neer a large Lake, very commodious for Traffick. 2 Macassar, an English Factory; there are other places hereabouts, as Sanguin, Terrao, Solor, &c. but not worth a Descri∣ption.

8. B•rneo, two thousand two hundred miles round, under the Aequator, affording besides necessaries Cam∣phire, Agariche, Adamants; and a people very white

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and honest, that sit not on businesse till the Moon is up, which they take to be the Suns wife, and the Stars their Children: Hath for towns, 1 Bornes, hear a good∣ly Bay, N. W. 2 The Commodious Cities, and fair Havens of Tajopura, Tamoaratas, Maalano, Lavi, Paro, and Sagdana an English Factory.

9. South of Borneo and the Aequator, is * 4.71 1 Java ma∣jor, three thousand miles round; rich in all Corn, es∣pecially Rice, all flesh salted, all sorts of Fowl, plenty of Gold, Precious Stones, Brass of the best kind; Silks, Pepper, Ginger, Cinnamon, and other Spices; the people careless of their words, answering when taxed with it, that the tongue was not made of Bone. The chief Towns, 1 Panacuran, neer a burning hill. 2 Jortam. 3 Ballambua. 4 Passarva. 5 Taban. 6 Taggal. 7 Surra∣baia. 8 Catabaon. Unwholesome Bantam of great trade the English, Portugez and Dutch having Factories here; the principal Factory of the English in the Indies. 10 The good Port Agracan. 11 Sura. 12 Situa, about which there is abundance of Pepper.

2 Java minor, not so well yet discovered.

10. Summatra, seven hundred miles long, and two hundred broad on the North of Java major, under the Aequator; the Soil hot and unwholesome, yielding Ginger, Pepper, Camphire, Agariche, and Cassia; besides Honey, Wax, Silks, Cottons, rich Mines, not only of Tin, Iron, and Sulphur, and other Minerals, but of Gold, it being conceived to be Solomons Ophir. The Inhabitants good Merchants, and Artificers, al∣wayes leading a spare Horse with them to their Mos∣ches, looking for Mahomet to come and ride on him: Here is, 1 Passaman, a town of great trade; but un∣healthy as the English know, who have a Factory there. 2 Tecoo, and its convenient Haven. 3 Priamon, all three towns lying in that Country where Pepper groweth. 4 Achen, and the Kings Court. 5 Menantabo. 6 Cambar.

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11. Zeiland, Northwest of Summatra, and its woods of Cinnamon, Lemmons, Orenges, &c. wild and tame Fowls and Beasts, especially Elephants, thought by them Paradise, there being an Hill there called, Pico de Adam; the people good Artificers and Jug∣glers; Here is, 1 Candie. 2 Ventane. 3 Colmuchi, on a capacious Bay, a place of great trade, especially for Cinamon, Gems, Elephants-teeth, &c. well sortified by Portugez, who call it Columbo. 4 Laula. 5 Galle. 6 Tinamaca. 7 Triqui Lemale. 8 Jana Sipatan. 9 Vilassem. 10 Batecolom, neer which Isle, are the Mald••ae, and there Maldiva, a well known Empory.

All these places speak the Indian tongue in diverse Dialects; most of the Inhabitants Pagans and Mahu∣metans, except here and there some Plantations of Christian Converts, by the Spaniards and Portugez.

The End of ASIA.

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DIRECTIONS TO FIND OUT ANY PART OR PLACE IN THIS BOOK, DESIRED OR SOUGHT FOR:

FIrst, You must know, that on both sides the Map, are degrees of Latitude, at every ten of which there is a Circular Line drawn through the Map: Secondly, at the top and bot∣tom there are Degrees of Longitude; at every 10 of which, Lines are drawn through the Map.

Now, if you would find any City or other place of Note, look for it in the Table, and there you shall see what Latitude and what Longitude it hath, which finding at one of the sides, and top of the Map, bringing them till they cut one the other, there you shall find the place.

Hyrcania

2026-08-11T01:07:54Z

Admin: /* 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. */

=== 1638. Some yeares travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique by Thomas Herbert. ===
<blockquote>HYRCANIA (whether denominated from her fruitfulnesse in Goats, or from Harcoon in the Scythic tongue importing solitarinesse, or from Hadora as Montanus call'd her, I dare not determine;) is now call'd Mozendram (a derivative I think from Mandagarsis in Ptolomy) and Kabonkara: by some (whose fancies I approve not of) this Province is call'd Karizath, Corca, Girgia, Caspia, Steana, Casson, and Diurgument, relatives meerly, of invention; the North is limited by the Caspian sea, the East with Sagathy or Bactria, the South with Mount Taurus, the West with Medya and Armenia. Hyrcania is most part (a great part wee travelled) woody and champaign; watered with many sweet and spatious (but not navigable) rivers; such be Araxis, (descending sayes Ptolomy from Sacapen or Saducen) Cyrus, Obsel, Connack, Mazaeras, Bundama, Hydero, (from the Desarts of Lop) Aragus, (falsly said to descend from the Molossians) and others, which from the Taurisian Mountains stream violently, and after they have mellowed the humyd earth in many divided branches, wander into the Mare Caspium: at this day it abounds with many sorts of beasts, birds, fruits, fish, and villages: Sheep, Buffoloes, Camells, Asses, Goats, Horses, Cowes, Antilopes, red and fallow Deer; with Silkwormes also, and Phesants, Partrich, Quaile, Woodcock, Pellican, Heron, Pouts, Thrush, Hens, Philomels; and in fruits of most sorts; with fishes also, as Trowt, Pike, Carp, Sturgeon, Conger, Lamprey, Tuneys, Gudgeon, Thornback, Cockles, Oysters, Mussells, Crabs, Limpits, Dog-fish, and Cackrell; most of these the Caspian sea affoorded us: and (which we will sequestere from others) with Lyons, Wolves, Wild-catts, Bores, Scorpions, and Tygers, supposed to nurse the people, as sung the Poet Them with their duggs the Hyrcan Tygres fed. Hyrcanaeque admorunt ubera Tygres, Gnatts, Flyes, and Snakes (to our sad remembrances) in insufficient numbers. Townes of old were, Talebrota, Sarramanna, Adrapsa, Sorba, Asmurna, Tapen, Carta, and Mauzoca; lost by protract of consuming time, or from new names as new Inhabitants have succeeded here; at this day are these, Farrabaut, Asharaff, Periscow, Omoall, Barfrushdea Chacoporo, Caban, Baezd, Darabgier, Gengee, Shamaky, Erez, Bachu, Byldith, and Derbent; flourishing with people, famoused by trade, and admired in her plenty. The Hircanians are but lately civilized, no longer than since Shaw-Abbas in despight of their resistance came amongst them: but how may we credit the Persians (for 'twas they that told it us) in that at this day, they excell the Persians, for husbandry, trade in raw silks, and other imployments; such as has made them rich, and famous; yea happy, till the Persian Souldiers intermingled & suckt their hony from them: The Hyrcan language is understood by every Persian. Their habit resembles the Irish troozes: upon their heads they weare Piramidall caps of cloth lined with delicate sheeps wooll: the vulgar Hyrcanian take thus represented. description PAGE 178 [illustration] An Hyrcanyan. They are generally affable, merry, curious in rarities, and nothing jealous aftet the manner of other Mahomitans: we must not beleeve the merry reports the Persians told us of their virgin curtesies: of old, they thought to have forbad the valiant Greek desired entrance, by twisting one tree to another, (as did our Abbat of St. Albons against the Normans) but hee that had diffected Gordions knot (though mysticall,) with equall pollicie subjugated these Hyrcanians. Upon Whitson-monday wee left Asharaff; the King at that same time journeyed into Medya to Casbyn: our Travells were different, hee went by Periscow, but sent us by Larry-Ioon, that we might have the better view of those his richest Provinces: this night we lay in Farrabaut, a Citie five miles distant from Asharaff, late spoken of.

Hyrcania is a continued Forrest, and of all the trees I saw, none exceeded the Mulberies, for numberlesse numbers, none more notable for use; ten, yea thirty miles spreading in them: the berries if white, refresht our bellies, the colour our eyes, the leaves our observation. In every Village and Cottage wee might behold sheds fild with industrious people, and inriching silk-worms, seaming the seminary of that valuable Fly, so accounted of through all the world, so advantageous to the Persian Emperour; who from hence (besides those many rich Carpets of silk and gold, silk, silk and silver yeerely woven for their owne uses) extracts an annuall quantity of raw silke, seven thousand six hundred Batmans (or bales I think) exported through Turkie into Europe, to his great benefit. The silk-worme (as in quality, so in diversity of shape) varies from other wormes: her first generation arising from a small round black sperme (like Gunpowder or Musturd-seed) which by moderate heat increases to an inch, assuming (at first) the shape of a palmer worme, from which resemblance in six months she two times changes: her common food are leaves and boughs of trees; but of all other, the white Mulbery most delights her, strewed dayly all over thier sheds, kept sweet, and warme, and cleanly. Having satiated their usefull appetites, they forthwith become enemy to idlenesse, surcease their creeping, and with their excretiated vertue intwine themselves, in some sort making their lawne both winding-sheet and Sepulcher. The silke co-operates with such colours as be laid afore them, white, yellow, greene, and sandy. And albeit they be involved, yet are they visible to the eye, such is the transparency of their excrement. Their exterior part, is a pale gold commixt with lemon, rough and hayry. The interior more hard and form ovated, the better to inhume th'included Fly. Whose task being ended, the silken cods or balls are straightway spread afore Apolloes corruscant rayes, by whose radiant candor the distressed worme is broyld to death; not unlike a glorious miser faelicitating his death, so it be in contemplation of his rich idolatry. And by this expansion the silk becomes much finer and purer, than if shee were suffered from her owne notion to issue forth and break her habitacle: After this the silke cods are thrown into a large caldron, fild with water, and made meanly hot; then, with a penetrated cane the people stir thē about, at once drawing the slimy silke from as many as his instrument can lay hold upon, or convene in advantage; lastly with a wheele they are turned round; it attracts the silk, and leaves (nothing worth the getting) indivellicated. But that they affoord hony, yeeld wax, build nests, and are a sort of spyder, Aristotle, and Pliny may conjecture so, but experience derides their supposition. By this time we are got to [[Omoal, City|Omoall]] a City as well known as any other in Mozendram.</blockquote><blockquote>Our journey lay sometimes through inhospitable straits, other times over most stupendious hills; the bredth from one side to another about fifty English miles, from Omoall to Damoan; the length fifteene hundred: towring in a hedge of hills from Armenia to the furthest part of Indya: and after two dayes painfull climbing got so high, that wee might see the middle region under us, and we involved in chill exhalations. Taurus, Mons omnium maximus, sayes Aristotle; yet the sublime height did not disaminate us, as did the danger of descending, the path was so uneven and craggy; yea, the rocks so unskilfully cut out for a passage; that great heed must be taken in the treading or a terrible precipice into a bottomlesse lake indangers us; in one hill for three miles together the way was carved (by some unskilfull workman) in the mid-part of a most horrible aspiring perpendicular Mountaine, the lane in some places a yard, in some but halfe a yard in breadth, so as if by accident two horsemen meet, I could not see how both could have safe passage, nor is it higher than ones head if mounted; a wretched passage! for whiles I was sometimes looking at the wonderfull height above us, and anon casting my sight downwards into that dark Abisse, a rock bending ill-favoredly into the narrow way struck me such a blow, as for a great while I was astonied, and happily delivered from a downfall; a rock, demanding an uncivell tribute from all carelesse passengers. At length wee got safe out of that formidable path of death into the broad and lofty Mountaines, from whence the lying Greekes beheld Prometheus (sonne of Iapeth by Asia his wife and brother to Atlas) cheyned to these rocks, his heart gnawed by a Vultur, for daring (though Pallas helpt him up) to steale celestiall flames from Apollo's Chariot wheeles, to inspire life into his Images. The mythology is this, from these high Mountaines Prometheus first studied and observed the firmamentall motion, the acronicall rising and setting of the Stars and other bodies celestiall, the causes of Meteors, eclipses, and other hidden rarities of nature.

</blockquote>

=== 1652. Cosmographie in four bookes by Peter Heylyn. ===
<blockquote>HYRCANIA is bounded on the South with Parthia; on the North, with the Hyrcanian or Caspian Sea; on the East, with Margiana; and on the West, with Atropatia, or Atropatene (as Ammianns calleth it) the North part of Media. Divided from Parthia by the interposition of Coronus, part of the main body of mount Taurus. The way thorow which, said by the Persians to be cut out at one blow by the Scymitar of Mortis Haly, their second Mahomet, as not above fourty yards in breadth, in the broadest parts of it, the hills on both sides to wring to the very clouds. With small strength easily defended against mighty Armies, and possibly may be the same which the Antients called Portae Caspiae, before described.

It took the name of Hyrcania, from Hyrcana, a large and spacious forest betwixt it and Scythia; sometimes called Caspia also, from the Caspii, a chief People of it; of whom it is reported, that when their Parents came to the age of 70 years, they used to shut them up, and starve them, as being then no longer usefull to the Common-wealth. But both those names growing out of use, it is by Mercator called Diargument; by some late Travells Mezendram; by some others Corcam.

Those parts hereof which lie towards the South are said to yield abundance of wheat, wines, figges, and fruit: those towards the Caspian Sea, as plentifull of Grass and pasture. But betwixt both, nothing in a manner but continual forests, and those so intricate and thick, that it is a matter of no small difficulty to find passage thorow them. Full, as most other Forests are in those Eastern parts, of Panthers, Leopards, Lions, Tigers: these last of such an horrible fierceness, that it grew into a common Proverb used of cruel men, that they had sucked an Hyrcanian Tiger; Hyrcanaeg, admorunt ubera Tigres, as it is in Virgil.

Principall Rivers of this Countrey, 1. Zioberis, spoken of before. 2. Maxera, or Mazeras, mentioned by Pliny, Ptolomy, and Ammianus; and 3. Secanda; all falling into the Caspian or Hircanian Sea. A Sea which had the names of Caspian, and Hyrcanian, from the Caspit and Hyrcani, bordering text unto it; now from the Town of Bochu, in Atropatia, called Mare di Bochu. Fashioned in an Ovall form, the length thereof from North to South 700 miles, and 600 miles from East to West. Stormy, and troublesome, by reason of those many great Rivers which fall into it from all the Provinces adjoyning; which notwithstanding it hath no visible commerce with the Ocean; nor doth it at any time overflow its banks: finding some passage under ground to discharge it self of those vast streams of water which are powred into it. Well traded by the Moscovite Merchants, who having the command of the River Volge (which with 70 mouths doth open into this Sea) sail over it, and land at Farabant, or some other of the Port-Towns, where they trade for silks. Some Ilands here are in it, but not many, or of any great fame but onely that they served the Nations which lay neer it for a place of retreat, in time of the Tartarian tempest under Tamerlane; as the Isles of Venice did to the Italians at the comming of Attila.

Places of most consideration, 1. Hyrcania, once the Metropolis of the Province, and so called by Ptolomy; still extant, but of less esteem, and still called Hyrcan. 2. Tambrace, in old times of the greatest strength, and most defensible, but taken by Antiochus Magnus in the warre against Arsaces the Parthian for the recovery of those Countries then revolted from him. 3. Adrapsa, 4. Masaca, 5. Anarosa; of which we find the names, amongst others, in the antient Writers. 6. Asharaffe, two miles from the Sea, in a spacious Plain, containing about 2000 houses; and now of most reputation of all this Province, by the long Residence therein of Abas, the late Persian Sultan; who built there a magnficent Palace, & another two miles off at a place called Abassebaut. The furniture whereof, besides costly Carpets, in Plate and Jewels, at such time as Sir Dodmore Cotton was there Ambassadour, is said to have been valued by a knowing Merchant, at 20 millions of Pounds. But I fear the Merchant had more skill in silks than Jewels; such a vast summe to be expended on the furniture of one Palace onely, being beyond the possibility of the Revenue of the Persian Sophies; hardly amounting towards all charges to five millions of Crowns. 7. Farabant, on a navigable Arm of the Caspian Sea; for beauty, wealth, and greatness, of most note in this Countrey. Well traded from all parts of this Inland Sea, especially by the Russian Merchant, as before is said; whose ships come hither in March, and return in July; it being from hence to Astrachan but ten dates sail. Beautified with goodly Gardens, a Royal mansion of the kings, and aspacious Market-place. 8. Chiacoporo, neer the Sea also, but on the banks of a River; the water whereof is said for eleven moneths to be fresh and sweet, and for the twelf month very salt. 9. Barfrushdee, twelve miles from the Sea, well furnished with wood and water. 10. Omoall, a Town of about 3000 houses, seated on the North side of the Taurus, in a pleasant and fruitfull soyl; resorted to by the people of so many Nations, that seven languages are there commonly spoken. Once larger, as appeareth by some ruins, than it is at the present; by some conceived to be the Nabarca of the Antients, honoured in those times with an Oracle. 11. Strava, a town of great trafick, for raw silks especially. 12. Mesandre, whence the whole Province (or rather the parts adjoyning to it) hath the name of Mezendrum.

The old Inhabitants hereof, besides the Caspii, were the Maxerae, Astabeni, Chrindi, and the Arsitenses; united in the name of Hyrcans in the time of the Persians, and by that name well known at the comming of Alexander. Against whom they so defended themselves by tying the boughs and twigs of their Trees together, that it was impossible for him to come at them till with incredible pains and labour he had caused their woods to be cut down: at sight whereof the People, who supposed the King had too much other business, and of more importance, than to put himself unto that trouble, did submit unto him. Falling to the share of Scleucus, they were the first people that were gained by Arsaces, and joined with him in recovering their former liberty, though they got nothing by the bargain but the change of their Master. In all times since, they have been looked upon as Members of the Persian Empire, till the conquest of it by the Tartars; in the distractions of whose great Empire after Tamerlanes death, it fell to some Princes of his house; who governed here under the vassallage and protection of the Tartars of Zagathay. Recovered not long since to their old obedience by Sultan Abas: who for the better setling the affairs hereof, removed the Seat Royall from Spawhawn, to which before he had transferred it from the City of Casbin, to Ashtrasse, then a small town, now the chief of this Countrey.</blockquote>

=== 1676. A most exact and accurate map of the whole world by Donald Lupton. ===
<blockquote>11. In Hircania, S. [[Parthia]]. N. Caspian Sea, E. [[Margiana|Mergeana]]; the people of which place starve their Parents at seventy years of age; fruitful in pasture, wheat, wines, figs and other fruits; full of Forrests, and those Forrests full of Panthers, Leopards, Lyons, Tygers, &c. Is

# Hyrcania Hyrcan.
# Ashoraffe two miles from the Sea in a spacious plain, containing two thousand houses, adorned with two great Pallaces, the Furniture of one of which was valued by a Merchant at twenty millions.
# [[Ferhabat|Farabont]], on a navigable branch of the Caspian Sea, well traded, especially by [[Russia|Muscovy]] Merchants, for Silks, whose ships come from the Volge, which dischargeth it self into the Caspian Sea by seventy mouths in March, and return in July; it being from thence to [[Astracan]] but ten dayes sail; famous for its Gardens, a Pallace, and a Market-place.
# [[Chacoporo|Chiachoporo]] on a River, the water whereof is for eleven months sweet, and for the twelfth salt.
# The well-watered and wooded Barfrushder and [[Omoal, City|Omoal]] resorted to by People of seven Tongues.
# Stava, a Town of great Traffique for raw silk.
# Mesander, whence the Province Mesandrum.
</blockquote>

=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===
<blockquote>Hyrach, Hyrcania, a Province of the Kingdom of Persia; heretofore bounded on the North by the Hyrcanian Sea, on the East by Margiana, on the West by Media, and on the South by Parthia, properly so called: Now divided into two Provinces, called Taberistan, Mazenderan.

Diargument, Hyrcania, a Province in the North-East Part of the Kingdom of Persia.

Carizath, a Province of Asia, called antiently Hyrcania.

Masandran, Hyrcania, a Province of the Kingdom of Persia, upon the Caspian Sea (which is called the Masandran Sea also from this Province, as it was before the Hyrcanian Sea.) There is a City in this Province of the same Name.</blockquote>

=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===
<blockquote>Hyrcania, formerly a Province of [[Persia]], 600 Miles long, and 300 broad, where Tarabestan, Gilan and Georgian are now, was properly part of the Parthians Country, which had Parthia on the South, Margiana on the East, Media on the West, and the Caspian Sea on the North. The chief Town was, Hyrcania, afterwards Amaruse. The neighbouring Sea has now different names, viz. Bachu Sea, Sala Sea, Tabarestan Sea, &c. Strabo. Pliny. Cluvier. Olearius. This Province is so fruitful, that one Vine is said to produce above 11 Gallons of Wine, and one Fig-tree, 60 Bushels of Figs. Their Corn is bred by a Seed which falls out of the Stalk, and Honey flows out of their Olive-trees. Hoffman. The Hyrcanian, called also the Caspian-Sea, and otherwise according to the Countries, which lie upon it, hath no Communication with any other Sea. Its extent from the Kingdom of Astracan in Muscovy on the North, to Ferabath on the South, is 480 English Miles. Its breadth from the Province of Chuaresm, to the Mountains of Circassia or Shirwar, is 360 English Miles. In the middle, the Waters are Salt, as those of other Seas, but it neither Ebbs nor Flows. It hath no good Harbour upon it, but the best is Minkischlack or Manguslave on the Coast of Tartary the Greater. 'Tis of the same colour with other Seas. Has only one Island on the Persian Coast, and that uninhabited. 'Tis generally shallow, and therefore dangerous in Tempests; on which account, the Persians never venture from sight of Land. On the West side of it from Georgia, it receives there above 100 Rivers, many of them very great. Olearius gives a large Description of this Sea, having sailed all over it, and says, That in 20 days Travel, betwixt Reschal and Schamakap, he crossed above 80 Rivers, which fall into it.</blockquote>

Caspian Sea

2026-08-11T01:07:28Z

Admin: /* 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. */

=== 1578. A booke called the treasure for traueilers by William Bourne. ===
<blockquote>The Caspian Sea, the longitude of the midle thereof is 90. degrees, the latitude of the midle therof is 45. degrees 30. minutes, and is East and to the Southwards 2788. myles from the Citie of London, and the Moone chaungeth later then at London by 4. howres 40. minutes, and their longest daye is 15. howres 30. minutes.

Caspian Sea (centre) 90°00′ 45°30′ 2788 later 4h 40m 15h 30m </blockquote>

=== 1638. Some yeares travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique by Thomas Herbert. ===
<blockquote>
The Caspian Sea (call'd by the Persians Deriob-Mozendram, by the Arabs as all other Ponds, Bobar corsun) is brackish, and very turbulent, yet landlock on every side; the Hyrcanian, Armenian Russ, and Tartar circumvolving her: nor has shee commerce with any other sea, except it be subterranean with the [[Euxine Sea|Euxine]]. They are three hundred miles asunder, yet may admit so vast an intercourse, if wee consider the like (though not so much) in other places: as in Zioberis, which springs from Taurus, and after thirty miles concealment under ground, againe discovers it selfe and commixing with Rhodago, in one streame, wander into the Caspian; great Alexander at Aristotles request made triall by two Oxen, who confirmed it: as also in Niger an Afrique river, and others in other places. Some vent or other it has questionlesse, otherwise it would overflow or putrifie; for it receives many great and navigable rivers, as Volga, Araxis, Cyrus, Connack, Obsel, Rhodago, Mazaeras, Hydero, Aragus, Phasis, Ilment, Sirto, [[Chesel]] , [[Oxus]], Edel, Rha, (some call Volga so) Iehun, Habyn, &c. by many ostiums swelling her womb or concave channell. It has three thousand English miles compasse:and its environs from Farrabat to Astra-can or from N. to S. are six hundred miles: from East to West, above seven hundred; in some sort Ovall: made dangerous by many syrtes and rocks; made happy in abundance of watery Inhabiters: Porpice, Conger, Sturgeon, Caveare (the roe of Sturgeon cut and salted) Goodgion, Thornback, Turbut, Cackrell, Skate, Soles, and shell-fish innumerable. Nicanor the Syrian Anno Mundi 3666, made a vaine attempt to bring the Euxin and this Sea into one, to make it sociable and navigable; but had such issue joynd to his cost and paines, as Sesostris, Xerxes, Alexander, Nero, Lucyus, and other Monsters of the world had in that and other their impossibilities.</blockquote>

=== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. ===
<blockquote>Caspian Sea, de Sala, or de Bachue, a Sea in forme of a Lake in Asia.</blockquote>

=== 1673. Asia. The first part being an accurate description of Persia, and the several provinces thereof by John Ogilby. ===
<blockquote>THe Caspian Sea or Lake, hath several Denominations from the divers adjacent Villages and Countreys, viz. The Russians call the same Chualenca or Gualenscoi More; the Moors, Bohar Corsun, that is, Inclosed Sea, (which Name they also give to the Arabian Gulf;) the Persians, Culsum, a Name agreeing with the Red-sea; the Latines, both ancient and modern, following the Greeks, Mare Caspium and Hyrcanum, as others from the City Bacuje in Schirwan, Mare de Bacu; also Kilan, Giorgia, Terkestan, Corasum, and Cunsar.

The length of the Caspian Sea is by most Writers accounted fifteen days Voyage, and the breadth eight, in Boats with Oars, without the help of the Wind. The length from the Mouth or Entrance of the Sea from [[Astracan|Astrachan]] to [[Ferhabat|Ferabath]], is accounted eight Degrees, or a hundred and twenty German Miles, and the breadth from the Province Churesin to the Circassian Mountain, six Degrees, or ninety Leagues. This Sea neither Ebbs nor Flows as others, though Curtius seem to affirm the contrary; for true it is, that the Water rises sometimes, not onely on the Shore, but also runs over the Countrey, especially on the West side, occasion'd byPaskeart vande the Wind, which blowing from the Sea, drives up the Water upon the contrary Coast: for it hath been observ'd, that in calm Weather it keeps at a certain heighth. In the middle it is so deep that it cannot be plumm'd with a fifty or sixty Fathom Line. Hundreds of Rivers discharge their Waters into the same; for between Rescht and Schamachie, being distant about twenty days Journey from each other, it receives of great and small Streams, above fourscore; the chiefest of them are the Volga, anciently call'd Rha; the Araxis or Aras, united with the Cyrus or Cur, Kisilosein, Bastro, Acsai, and Coisu; from the North comes the Jaik; from the South and East, the Jems, Nios, Oxus, and Orxantes, by Curtius call'd Tanais. It may seem a Wonder, that this Sea, which receives the Water of so many Rivers, should have no apparent place for Discharge of the same; and therefore some have affirm'd, that it percolates into the main Ocean through invisible Pipes or Channels, Olearius says he was inform'd by the Persians, that there is a great Mouth between Tabristan and Mazanderan, not far from [[Ferhabat|Ferabath]], into which this Sea falling, sinks away under the Mountains; but we insist not thereon. The Water near the Shore is sweet, by reason of the many fresh Streams, which (as we said) fall into it, but in the middle is very salt, and (according to Petreus) as black as Ink; but Olearius affirms the contrary to this last Point from ocular experience; neither is there any Island replete with Towns and Villages, onely Ensil near Ferabath, affording good Pasturage for Cattel, hath some few Huts for Herdsmen, Nor are any great Serpents caught in this Sea, as Curtius, nor red Fish, as Pedro Bizarro relates from Ambrosius Contarenus, being without a Head, yet an Ell long; out of whose boyl'd Fat the Inhabitants extrad Oyl, and make Salve for Camels; but the People hereabouts want not the foremention'd Oyl, for they have great plenty of Nefta, being another sort of liquid Matter, which they burn in Lamps, and make use of on other like occasions.

There is a great Fish call'd Naca taken in this Sea, having a short Head and Belly, wide Mouth, and round Tail, three or four Yards thick. This Fish doth great mischief to Fishermen, for it will hang with its Head under Water, and overset a Boat with its Tail, if not opportunely prevented.

No less dangerous is the White-Fish, of which so many breed here, that the Fishermen dare not go into above four Fathom Water; which Pomponius Mela seems to have observ'd, when he saith in his Geography, This Sea is more dangerous than any other, by reason of the many Monsters that breed therein. It hath been reported, that in Kilan, over against the Mountain Sahebelan, where they breed most, they are taken with Hooks, fastned to thick Lines, and Baited with Flesh.

Nor doth it onely breed Monsters, for (contrary to the Opinion of Contareno and Bizarro) it produces several sorts of excellent Fish, as Salmon, Sturgeon, Carps an Ell long, a sort of Herrings, great Breams call'd Chascham, Scwit or Schivit, and a sort of Barbels a Yard and a half long, but others less, which are tough, and not fit to be eaten. The Inhabitants there catch another sort of Salmon-Trouts, which they dry in the Smoak, and Dress after this manner, viz. They lay the smoak'd Fish, wrapt in a Linnen or Cotton Cloth, upon a hot Hearth, and then cover it with Ashes till it be enough, whereby it gaineth a most delicate taste. This abundance of Fish breeding in the Sea, causes the King of Persia to Farm out the Fishing thereof towards the Mouth of the fresh Rivers, which brings him yearly considerable Sums of Money. This Fishing Farm begins in September, and lasts to the end of March; during which time the Rivers are shut up, to prevent Intruders, that have no right to Fish there, but all the rest of the year not onely the Rivers, but the Sea it self lies free and open to all Persons. This Sea in the Summer the Persians, Tartars, and Russians Navigate in sleight and miserable Vessels, with which they dare not Sail but onely before the Wind, nor venture from the sight of the Shore. There are but few Harbors, and those neither good nor safe; the place between the Island Tzenzeni and the main Land, is counted one of the securest, and therefore the Persians always Anchor there in the Night: they also us'd to Ride with their Vessels near Bacu, Lenkeran, and Ferabath, according as the Wind favors them: But the best in all that Sea, is towards the East on the Tartars side, and is call'd Chuaresm and Minkischlack, but by some nam'd Manguslave. This Sea (according to Herodotus, Ptolomy, and Aristotle) is distinct: from all other, being wholly inclos'd within the Land, so that it may justly be call'd a Mediterranean; from whence appear the Errors of Dionysius the Alexandrian, Pomponius Mela, Strabo, Pliny, Solinus, Basilius Magnus, and others, who would make it to mix with the Scythian or Tartarick Sea; or else a Bay of the Northern Ocean, and not totally surrounded by the Land.</blockquote>

=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===
<blockquote>The Caspian Sea, was named at first the Sea of Chosar, from a great Granchild of Noah: Nubius in his Geography stiles it the Sea of Thavisthan. The Moors call it and the Gulph of Arabia, Bohar Corsuin; the Persians call both Kulsum; the Greek and Latin Writers, the Caspian and Hyrcanian Sea; the Muscovites, Gualenskoy-more. The Antients generally thought it a Bay of the Great Indian Ocean, or that it had some Communication with the Euxine Sea. Though a vast number of Rivers fall into this Sea, yet it is not perceived any way to increase. It is in length from North to South 120 Miles, in breadth 90. Some represent it 800 Miles long and 650 broad. In the Winter for the most part frozen. It is in effect no other than a great Lake. The Waters of it are as salt as any other; yet it neither Ebs nor flows, nor has any Islands. This Sea has the [[Astracan, Province|Kingdom of Astracan]] on the North, [[Persia]] on the South, Circassia on the West, and Caratansca on the East.

The. Hyrcanian Sea, Mare Hyrcanium, takes this ancient well known Name from this Province: but it is no less frequently called, both in Ancient and Modern Geographers and Historians, the Caspian Sea. This Sea is called by various Names according to the Countries which do border upon it. It was anciently called the Sea of Chosar, from the eldest Son of Th•garma, a Great Grand-child of Noah, by Japhet. Nubius, in his Geography, calls it the Sea of Tavisthan; the Arabians Baharcorsum; the Persians Kulsum; (as they do also the Persian Gulph.) The Greek and Latin Authors, Mare Hyrcanium, or Mare Caspium; the Persians call it also the Sea of Baku; the Muscovites, Gualenskoi-More. The Ancients generally thought it had a communication with the Indian Ocean; which is not true: for it has no communication with any other Sea in the World known; and therefore may most properly be called the Mediterranean Sea: this was known to Aristotle, and Herodotus of old. Its greatest extent is from North to South, (that is, from Astrachan, to Ferabath,) eight deg. of the Equator; or one hundred and twenty German Miles, or four hundred and eighty English Miles: its Breadth from the Province of Chuaresin, to the Mountains of Circassia (or Shirwan,) is six deg. or ninety German Miles, or three hundred and sixty English Miles. The Waters are in the middle as salt as those of any other Sea whatsoever; but it neither Ebbs nor Flows, as all the rest do, which have any Intercourse with the Ocean. It hath in a manner never a safe Harbor upon it: the best is Minkischlak, or Manguslave, on the side of the Grand Tartary. The Water is of the same colour with that of other Seas: it has but one Island in it, and that lies towards Persia, called Ensil, which has never an House in it. Thus far Olearius, who Travelled over it in 1636. It is generally very shallow, and flat; therefore in Tempests dangerous to those that Sail upon it: the Persians never trust to it, and rarely go out of sight of the Shoar. This Sea has on the North the Kingdom of Astrachan, and Negaia; on the East Chuaresm; on the South, the Kingdom of Persia; and on the West Georgia: it receives there above an hundred Rivers which fall into it, many of which are very great; as the Wolga, the Araxis or Cyrus, the Keisilosein, the Bustrow, the Aksay, and the Koisu: towards the North, are the Rivers of Jaika, and Jems; towards the South and East the Nios, Oxus, and the Oxentes, which Curtius calls Tanais: Olearius assures us, that in twenty days Travel between Roschot and Schamakap, he crossed above fourscore Rivers great and small.

The Caspii were an antient People amongst the Scythians upon the Borders of the same Sea.

Guilan, or Guilao, the Hyrcanian Sea.
Gualentzamore, the Caspian Sea.</blockquote>

Source:Bohun

2026-08-09T04:29:28Z

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<blockquote>A REFLECTION upon Le Grand Dictionaire Historique, &c. OR, THE Great Historical Dictionary OF LEWIS MORERY, D. D. Printed at UTRECHT 1692. with the Supplement of J. Le Clerc, D. D. in Four TOMES in Folio, French; AND An Account of this Edition of the following BOOK.</blockquote>THE Great Historical Dictionary of Monsievr Morery, was an unexpected Work to come from a Person, who understood not any Greek or Hebrew; and had but an indifferent knowledge of Latin. For it will be allowed, amidst such a multiplicity of Subjects, to contain many very ingenious things. Yet I desire not to commend him for the Invention he ascribes to the Chinese of the Province of Xamsi: who boyl their Victuals (he says) over Pits of Subterraneous Fires, proceeding from the Bowels of the Earth: Which, to make the Fire burn the quicker and stronger, they contract at the Mouths in such a manner, as only to leave room for the Caldron to stand. For though the Chinese are famous over the World for their Inventions; yet the Wit of this hath so little in it of the Wisdom of their Other, or Common Sense, that it supersedes the Civility of the least pretence to approve of it. Neither yet is it possible for me to be reconciled to his Account of a Tribe of the Troglaedytes; dwelling continually in the Caverns of a Mountain, in the Island of Malta; near to a House of Pleasure, belonging to the Great Master of the Order of the Knights there. A tall, robust, long-liv'd, inhospitable people, as he describes them: Who speak altogether the pure Arabick Language, in which they are instructed, as to matters of Religion, by the Maronites that come to Malta. For there appears no more Probability of an Arabian Race of Christian Troglaedytes at Malta, than of a Nation of Pygmies in the Neighbourhood of the Nile. Therefore in a word, Monsieur Morery, as he hath his Excellencies, so he hath his great Faults too: And it seems to be none of the least remarkable of the Latter, That let a thing be never so Fabulous in Pliny and Herodotus, or the Histories of the old Greeks; never so extravagantly reported by the Modern Books of Voyages and Discoveries, or the Common Memoires of the Times; yet he mixes it with his purer Geography. Which hath given me continual reason to admire the Patience and Labour of his Pen: but I disagree with his Fancy, if he thought such Collections pleasing to Men of Sense; and with his Judgment, if he thought them true.

In his Geography of the Kingdom and Counties of England, there is no body but must be offended with him upon other Accounts. The principal of our Rivers (next the Thames) the Severn, the Trent, the Humber, the Medway, the Derwent, &c. None of them have their Names with Descriptions in his Work. Peterborough, Wells, Cambridge, Shrewsbury, Richmond, and Rippon, are wholly omitted out of our Chief Towns and Cities. Cambridgeshire, Hertfordshire, Cheshire, Shropshire and Wiltshire, out of our Counties. And all the Description that he gives to Eleven of our Counties more, with the Capital Towns thereunto belonging, will be justly rehearsed in about Eleven Lines. To Southhampton, he says, a Town and County in the South of England, with a Port to the Sea. To Stafford, a Town and County of England, towards the middle of the Kingdom. To Surrey, a County in the South part of England. To Sussex, a County in the South of England, whereof Chichester is the Capital. To Warwick, a Town and County of England. To Westmorland, a County in the North of England, which was a part of the Country of the ancient Brigantes. To Huntingdon and Leicestershires, he adds the Names of the Rivers Ouse and Stower, with two or three Towns. To Middlesex, a small County in the East of England, included in the ancient Kingdom of the East Saxons, and only considerable for London its Capital. To Rutland, a County in the middle of England, but little considerable, having no more than one Town called Oakcham in it. To Suffolk, a Town and County in the East of England. This is Monsieur Morery's way of describing a next Neighbor Kingdom, and one of the most Powerful in the World. Which is the least that a Geographer says, of the most distant and obscure Provinces of China and Japan, or the unknown Regions of the Asiatick Tartary. And though he may be something larger upon London, Rochester, Bristol, and now and then a County; yet he does it with so little Care and Art, so ungeographically in comparison to his Illustration of other Countries; that take his Accounts of England all together (with which those of Scotland, Ireland, and Wales, are done after the like manner) and they will be found the crudest and meanest and the most Contemptible part of his Volumes.

I need take no Notice of his Mistakes about Rutland and Suffolk; which occur even in those diminitive Sketches that he gives them, and are already sensible to every running Eye. He is no less mistaken about the Bishoprick of Coventry and Lichfield. A Bishoprick (says he) about the year 656. was established at Lichfield. And there being another Bishoprick afterwards establish'd at Coventry, these two Bishopricks in time became united in one. Whereas it never from the beginning was otherwise than one and the same Bishoprick; primarily established at Lichfield in 656: Next removed to Chester in 1067; or as others, in 1075. From Chester, removed to Coventry in 1088: and from Coventry returned to Lichfield again in 1186. Whereupon followed an Agreement under Bishop Alexander de Savensby (who succeeded to the See in 1220), that the Episcopal Style should be derived from both Coventry and Lichfield, yet with the Precedence to Coventry. Mons. Morery is no less mistaken in the ancient Seat of the Bishops of Lincoln; which was Dorchester in Oxfordshire, situated at the Confluence of the Thame and the Isis. For he hath the fortune, not only to attribute it to Dorchester in Dorsetshire, upon the River Frome; but to quote William of Malmsbury for the same, to aggravate the matter, in mistaking both his Author and the place together. It is very pleasant to observe in his Account of Northumberland, what an extent he gives to it. All Northumberland (says he) comprehends six Counties; York, Durham, Lancaster, Westmorland, Cumberland and Northumberland. To which he ought to have added the South parts of Scotland too, as far as Edenborough; if he knew no other, than that the Limits of Northumberland now remain in the same State, as they were eleven hundred years ago, in the time of Saxon Heptarchy. Perhaps a Stranger will continually admire at the meaning of such Words as Lerbie, Barthe, Lanclastre, Torriger, &c. He may be pleased to know therefore, that Monsieur Morery is not much to be trusted for the Right Proper Names of Places or Persons (Antient or Modern), out of his own Country. Yet neither can our Nation blame him for it, more than another. His Misnomers are most Universal: and the meaning of those mentioned, is Irebye in Cumberland, the Bath, Lancashire, and the antient Britain Vortiger. It is more strange to see him Misplace the Houses of Lords and Commons in the Abbey of Westminster; and to see Dr. Barrow of Cambridge attributed throughout his Character to the Chairs and Preferments of Oxford; and Dr. Stillingfleet quoted with the Title of the present Bishop of Winchester. Yet there is a stranger and a more admirable Passage still, expecting to be also remembred here; which says, in illustrating the occasion and manner of the Descent of the Troops from Holland in 1688. that they were landed at Torbay in Wales.

It is true, these particular Defects and Errours import no more, than the unskilfulness of the Author, in the Geography and History of England; whereof the disparagement redounds to himself only, with Monsieur Le Clerc his late Editor at Utrecht, who certainly is the Father of a share. But if M. Morery hath happened to be as unfortunate as Maimbourg and Varillas, in mistaking in Particulars relating to England; He is also as injurious as Scaliger and Sorbiere in some of his General Characters of it. It is fit, I should repeat his Words. First, he bestows a line or two of commendation upon the Gentry and Nobility, who perfect their Natural Parts and Educations by Travel and Conversation with Strangers, (Voc. Angleterre) But on the Contrary (he adds) the People of England, are cruel, insolent, brutal, seditious, Enemies to Strangers. The abundance of all the Necessaries of life produced by their Country with little pain, renders them proud and negligent. They have not the same Industry, nor the same Address to Works and Manufactures, as their Neighbours and other People; who are made to love labour, and be industrious, by necessity and the sterility of their Country. It hath been long since said,<blockquote>Anglica Gens est Optima flens, sed pessima ridens.</blockquote>To be persuaded of the Truth whereof, one need only consider the Evils that England hath suffered these thirty or forty years, by the Transport and the Malice of its sour, querulous, opiniative, and dissembling Spirits.—The Men of Letters often compose their Works with a Pipe of Tobacco in their hands.—The Citizens and Peasants delight in the fighting of Bears and Bulls, Cock-fighting, and Wrestling; which agree with their Inclinations, which are a little cruel.—The Women go without Ceremony to the Taverns. The Gallants carry their Mistresses to them; to pleasure whom the Treat must be concluded with the fighting of Bears and Bulls, Cock-fighting and Wrestling, and many times with all those three together. By saying all three together, he imagines we fight the Bears and Bulls with one another. Now as my Grandfather Heylyn answers to the like Calumnies of Scaliger, by the shooting of the Bow, we may easily guess the quality of the Archer.

If the People of France lived with all the Innocency and the Freedom of the Golden Age, their Censures might have been allowed to pass with the Authority of Oracles. But as it is their unhappiness to be Slaves to the Rack, and the Wheel, and the Galleys; who have filled the Universe with the Outcries of their Persecutions at Home, and their Devastations abroad; and can never be forgotten for the blood of Henry III. and IV. the Barracades of Paris, and the Nuptials of S. Bartholomew's Eve; before they begin the Cry of Cruelty and Seditiousness upon another Nation; let them remember that Divine Character of a Man, who quarrels with a Mote in his Brothers Eye, whilst he hath a Beam in his own. If I know any thing of the Native English Temper, Cruelty is the very Antipodes to it. There is nothing more odious in History amongst us, than the Memory of a Prince, who stains his Reign with Blood. As our Government is a Monarchy without Tyranny, it requires our Obedience without Servility. Torture is excluded our Laws with an abhorrence; not only as a Servility unfit for Christians, but a Barbarity unfit for Men. And that famous ancient comparison of Angli tanquam Angeli, shines most especially in the beauty of their minds; composed of Simplicity, Integrity, Modesty, Mercy, Open and Free-heartedness, Peace, Gratitude, Generosity, Gallantry and Love; which are all comprehended in one Word, they call Good Nature, so appropriated by God to them and their Language, that it scarce admits of a direct Translation into any other. The true Reading of the Verse, that is quoted by Monsieur Morery, is by an Abuse corrupted and turned into Anglica gens. Otherwise it is<blockquote>Rustica gens est Optima flens, sed Pessima ridens.</blockquote>And understands the Peasantry, not of Ours, or any Particular Nation, but all in Common. Though the Sense and Equity of it neither so is any better than the Poetry: And I dare be confident the Rhiming Monk that wrote it, never knew in himself what Labour and Oppression means. Whilst the Peasant by the condition of his Being carries a Cross, to add to the weight whereof is barbarous in Oppressing the Oppressed. It is no small sign of a Disposition contrary to Brutal, Insolent, Querulous and Cruel, that England is to a Proverb the Paradise of the Tender Sex. For whom Monsieur Morery hath prepared such a Treat of Sports, as hath I believe at least one excellence in it, Not to be Common. He ought to have excused those Sports from Cruelty in their favours too; and to have known, that the particular pleasure of the Peasantry therein, is only to see the courage of their Beasts, or laugh at Cowardise even in Beasts. But for the Evils which England (he says) hath suffered these thirty or forty years, or more, it is very unjust to forget the Praises of all the Persons that were innocent of them, and to draw the Character of the whole Nation from the Crimes of the guilty only. Who so far as they forsook Peace, and Love, and the rest of the Virtues abovementioned, degenerated from the Native Spirits of Englishmen. Whilst fearing beyond reason, and immoderately persecuting a Phantosme of Cruelty in others, they begat the Monster amongst themselves. So odious is the apprehension of Cruelty, Slavery, and Brutality here; that the Evils of England have been occasioned by nothing more, than a false fear taken at their Names.

His other Character of the People of England, is, that they are Enemies to Strangers. For which, I never could learn a better Argument, than that of Mons. Sorbieres; (see Dr. Sprats Observations upon the Voyages of Mons. Sorbiere;) because he was rudely called Monsieur, and not respected in the quality of Historiographer Royal to the K. of France, by the Children and Schoolboys of Dover. For long before the reception of the French Protestants, the numbers of Strangers at Norwich, Canterbury, and London, were computed to be more than constantly resided at any twenty Cities, either of France, or Spain, or Italy. Virtue, Merit and Civility in Persons of a Foreign Country, like the Commodities imported thence, charm the hearts of the English; and have a greater value set upon them, than the equal products of our own. So far are we from being inclined to be Enemies to Strangers, that we are ambitious to be Friends to Strangers, even till we are Enemies to our selves. It is for their benefit, that in the Court of Admiralty we constantly retain the use of the Civil Law; and have enlarged it with the addition of those admirable Laws of Oleron, published by our King Richard I. which have equalized the Fame and Justice, as to Marine causes, of the ancient Laws of the Rhodians. And how very careful both our Common and Statute Laws are, in doing the exactest justice in all Pleas betwixt Strangers and Denizens, or the King and Strangers; I need only appeal to the Inquest of Medietas Linguae, given by the Statutes of the 27. and 28. of Edw. III.

Another Part of his Disgraces of the People of England, is, their Pride and Negligence, want of Industry, and of a Genius to Works and Manufactures, occasioned by their relyance upon the fertility of their Country. I must observe he joyns their Pride and want of Industry very ill together: For if ever they pretend to be proud of any thing, it is of the Effects of their Industry, and the Works of their Hands. Their Plantations in the West-Indies, and Commerce thither; Their African, Levant, East-Indian, Russia, Groenland, Hudsons Bay, Spanish, French, Hamborough, and Merchant Adventurers Companies, for other Foreign Commerce: At Home, their Inclosures and Tillage; the New Rivers of the Fenns, the Coal Mines of the North, the Lead Mines of Derby, and the Tin Mines of Cornwall; the Orchards of Hereford, and the Plough-lands of other Counties: Their Manufactures in Clothes, Stuffs, Linnen, Iron, Copper, &c. The Quantities of their Commodities transported yearly beyond Sea; Their Discoveries in the Mechanick Arts, and their Perfection in the Learned; Their Books in all the Faculties and Sciences, upon all sorts of Subjects; Their Restauration of London in three years, which was supposed to be the Work of an Age; Their Ships of Trade and War; their Riches, their Knowledge, their Power by Land and Sea: All these, as they are the undeniable Demonstrations of a most Ingenious and Industrious People from the meanest to the highest quality; so they are justly verified of the English in the view of the World. Who notwithstanding insult over no Foreign State; neither detract from the Praises of any greater Trade: But if they value and caress themselves upon the happy Effects of their Industry, it is a Virtuous Pride that is so well grounded.

When Monsieur Sorbiere travelled into England, he could not but take notice of the Convenient form of the Bridge at Rochester, for being so contrived, that the Mens Hats cannot be blown over it. We have altogether as worthy an Observation here of Mons. Morery; that the Men of Letters in England often compose their Works with a Pipe of Tobacco in their hands. Whereby I truly, with regard both to the English and French Men of Letters, am as fully satisfied, that the Fancies of particular Persons, and sometimes of Nations are unaccountable; as when I remember that the sage and noble Egyptians of old (and from them the Israelites) set such a high value upon Garlick and Onions, as to honour them with a place in the number of their Titular Deities. For if any English Man of Letters is so addicted to the Weed, to write and smoak together; yet the Fancy of Monsieur Morery seems no less unaccountable; first to employ his Observation upon such trivial and insignificant particulars; and next to print them in a Voluminous Work, amidst the general Character of one of the most illustrious Kingdoms in the World.

If all the rest of his Geography had been conformable to this of England, there had been no occasion to use him in an unpleasing Labour that hath happened to be obtained from me. Particularly as to his own Country, he spares no Pains nor Eloquence to adorn it. And to be sure, he suppresses the ancient Glory of the Atchievments of the Victorious English in France, as much as possibly he can. Indeed the Interests of the French Crown, and the Use that Mons. Pompone made (sometime Secretary of State to Lewis XIV.) of the Obligations he laid upon the Author, are visible; not in that only, but in the great care that is taken in rehearsing the Titles, Pretences and Dependences of the Crown of France, as if they did desire to entitle it to all the Ancient Gallia, according as it was bounded in the times of Julius Caesar. I have followed him throughout his four Tomes from Place to Place; leaving his Adulterinae Meroes, the Infinite Trash that is in him, as undisturbed as Ashes of the Dead; to take what is purely Geographical and Chronological, proper, and easie, and short, according to the Quality and Genius of the following Dictionary. Which is therefore in this Edition not only enlarged with the Antient Geography, and all such other Descriptions of Places, as occur in the French Work, above what it was possible to contain in the Editions of this Dictionary in lesser Volumes; and also with some Improvements made in the Geography of England in the like manner: But I have further taken care to supply the Defects of the Descriptions themselves, in those Editions, with whatever accrued that was really necessary to suggest a more perfect knowledge of each Respective Place. The Duodecimo ascribed to Monsieur Du Vall, (Geographer to the French King) and printed the fourth time in English 1681. with the Title of a Geographical Dictionary, was rather a Geographical Nomenclature, than a Dictionary. It was Begun to be made properly into a Dictionary by Mr. Edmund Bohun, at the Perswasion and Charge of the Proprietor of the Copy. And undoubtedly, whatever the Faults of Mr. Bohun's Octavo are; yet it will always remain an useful Book, and a light Companion (as he proposeth), for Travellers: when, such is the Necessity and Pleasure of a piece of this Nature in the hands of all; that the very Nomenclature of Du Vall is entertaining still. But the advancing of this Work to an Absolute Perfection is a matter of a higher Consideration: which requires the diligence of many Years, and the succession perhaps of many Hands, and must be content to proceed by Degrees. And tho the labour in encountring oftentimes a dry and difficult Soyl is unpleasing and deterring; which caused Mr. Bohun to declare, he never desired to do it a second time; yet as it is like to redound as well to the Honour of the English Language, as the Universal benefit of Learning amongst us; it will abide an encouragement to consider, that every Mite bestowed upon this Corban is Meritorious; and every Endeavor towards the Completing so great a Good may be placed in the number of Publick Services; for which reason, I am not only satisfied with my own contributing a Share thereto; but am obliged also to tell the World, that the Table of Measures was adjusted to my Hand by the Ingenious Mr. Halley.

J. A. BERNARD.

=== ADVERTISEMENT. Decemb. 30. 1692. ===
IN March next will be Publisht, a complete HISTORICAL and POETICAL Dictionary, representing Alphabetically the Lives and most considerable Actions of all those Personages of both Sexes, who have at any time been illustrious in the World; as Emperours, Kings, Princes, Heroes, Captains, &c. Prelates, Doctors, Hereticks, Philosophers, famous Artists, learned Authors, &c. with the time when each Person flourish'd: Also an account of the several Sects, Heresies, Factions and Orders, either Religious or Military, that have been considerable in any Age. Compiled out of the most select Writers, whether Sacred, Profane, or Fabulous: Wherein is contain'd not only whatsoever is worthy of Notice in the bulky Labour of Monsieur Morery, and the Interpolations of Le Clerc, but also vast Additions from the best Authors by them omitted; especially great care is taken that the tedious Impertinences, the palpable Errors, and fulsom Partialities, every where apparent in the French Work, be corrected or pared off. This Piece having been for above Four Years preparing for the Publick by several Hands is now in the Press, and will be Publish'd in March next, as is said above, without Subscription; that so the Buyer may see what he purchases before he lays down his Money. In Folio. Printed for C. Harper, at the Flower-de-luce over against S. Dunstan's Church, Fleetstreet.

☞ These Two Volumes will not only comprise every useful Matter in the pretended Grand Dictionary; but excel it in very considerable Improvements, as will appear; and by being Printed in Two Volumes is made more commodious as well as cheaper; the Geographical Enquirer being at his choice to buy, or turn over only what concerns himself; and he who searches after any matter merely Historical, not being oblig'd to the charge or trouble of the other.

=== descriptionPage [unnumbered] ===

=== Of Divers MEASURES. ===
THE Measures of differing Nations, and especially those of the Distances of Places, being very various, it was necessary to premise something about them, that the English Reader might not be at a loss when he meets with them in the following Work.

The English Mile by Statute Law consists of 5280 London Feet, or 1760 Yards, and eight Furlongs. Of these Miles the Experiments of Mr. Norwood and Mr. Picart, do demonstrate 69, and somewhat more, to be a Degree of the Earths Surface; tho till lately a Degree has been reckoned but 60 English Miles.

A Marine League is the twentieth part of a Degree, and most Nations agree to reckon so for Distances at Sea.

A French League is the twenty fifth part of a Degree, being nearly two English Miles and three quarters.

A German Mile is reckoned to be the fifteenth part of a Degree, or better than four English Miles.

A Dutch Mile, such as are now used in Holland, is by the Experiment of Snellius, nearest the nineteenth part of a Degree, being about three English Miles and a half.

An Italian Mile is mille passus, or a thousand Paces of five Roman Feet each; and the Roman Foot being ⅖ of an Inch less than the London Foot, or as 29 to 30, it follows that nearest 76 Italian Miles are a Degree. And the Turkish Miles are reputed equal to the Italian.

The Danes, Swedes, and Hungarians make long Miles, being about a German Mile and half, or at least five or six English Miles. The Polish Miles are nearly equal to the Dutch Miles, and reckoned about 20 to a Degree.

The Scotch and Irish Miles are longer than the English, by about half, and are not defined by any certain measure, that I can learn.

The Spanish League is estimated at four Italian Miles, and are reckoned 17 and a half to a Degree.

The Russians use a short Measure they call Vorst, which is little more than three quarters of an English Mile.

The Arabian Mile, both Ancient and Modern, is about an English Mile and a quarter.

==== As to the Measures of the Ancients, ====
The old Roman Mile was nearly equal to the present Italian Mile, described already, and was divided into eight Stadia, or Furlongs, of 625 Roman Feet each.

The Greeks measured by Stadia only, consisting of 600 Greek Feet, or 100 Orgyiae; eight of these made the Roman Mile, the Greek Foot being to the Roman, as 25 to 24, nearly.

The Persian League or Parasanga, was much about a Spanish League, being 30 Stadia, or three Italian Miles and three quarters.

The Schoenus or Egyptian League was of two sorts, the greater of 60 Stadia, and the lesser of 40, the one of five, the other seven and a half Italian Miles.

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A GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY, In which are Represented The Present and Antient NAMES of all the Countries, Provinces, Remarkable Cities, Towns, Ports, Seas, Streights, Fountains, Rivers, Mountains, Ʋniversities, &c. of the Whole WORLD.

AA, a River of Transisselane, or Over-Issel, a Province of the Low Countries. It washeth the Walls of Steenwick and the Fort of Blockzil, and then falls into the Zuyder-Sea. The Word Aa is an usual Name in Germany for Rivers, especially of the lesser.

Aa, a River of Westphalia, falling into the Yssel, supposed by some to be the Velicer.

Aa, a small River in the Canton of Bern in Suitzerland, called by the Inhabitants des Arquebusades, from the virtue it has for curing Wounds made by Gunshot.

Aa, another River in the Territory of Bologne, called also Agnio and Euneno, disemboguing it self into the Sea at Graveline.

Aade, a small River of Brabant which runs not far from Boisleduc.

Aahuis, a small Town in the Bishoprick of Munster, situate on the River Aa, from whence it hath its Name.

Aar, Arola, the principal River in Suitzerland, it springs from S. Gothards Hill near the Head of the Rhosne, and being increased with many Rivers, falls into the Rhine at Waldshut, one of the Forest Towns. There are two other little Rivers in Germany thus called.

Aarbourg, or Aarberg, a pleasant little Town in Suitzerland, full of wealthy Tradesmen, tempted to fix their Habitations there by the Pleasantness of the Situation, and the frequent Marts there holden.

Aba, a Town in Arabia Felix, according to modern Geographers. § Also a Mountain in the Confines of the Greater Armenia, at the foot whereof arises the River Euphrates. § A Town in Phocis in Greece, which gave the Surname Abaeus to Apollo, who had a Temple there. Being burnt by Xerxes, the Inhabitants retired into the Isle of Negropont, formerly Euboea; from them at that time called Abantis.

Abacares, a People in the South of America upon the River Madera.

Abahius, Abahuis and Abanhi, different Names of the River Nile.

Abaimbe, Abaibe, Abibe; Abaibae, a Ridge of Mountains in Peru, in the Province of Carthagene near the Gulf of Ʋraba.

Abanbo, a River of Ethiopia, it falls into the Nile a little above Meroë, it is supposed to be Ptolomy's Astapus.

Abancay, a River rising in the Mountains of Andes in Peru, and after having washed a Town of the same Name with it self, falling into the River Maragnon in the Province of Lima.

Abano, in Latin Aponus, a Village in the Territories of Padua, supposed by some to be the Birth-Place of Titus Livius, antiently famous for its Baths.

Abantes, the Inhabitants of Aba. See Aba.

Abanwiwar, a County of the Upper Hungary upon the Tibiscus, the Capital of which is Caschaw; it is called by the Germans Abaviwar.

Abara or Abaraner, a City upon the River Alingeac in Armenia Major. The Arch-Bishop of Nassivan frequently makes it his place of Residence.

Abaraus and Aboraas, a Town in Guinea, upon the River Volta, about twenty five Leagues from the Sea.

Abarim, a Ridge of Mountains in the Rocky Arabia, of which Mount Nebo and Mount Pisgah, mention'd in Scripture, are parts.

Abarimon, a Country in Scythia, at the foot of the Mountain Imaus.

Abasses or Abcasses, a People of Mount Caucasus, bordering on Mengrelia, well-shap'd and vigorous. They cherish Customs much differing from the People of other Countries.

Abbefort, a Town in Norwey with a good Port, in the Government of Aggerhuys, about 20 Leagues from Anslo, and 25 or 30 from Stafanger.

Abbeville, a City of the County of Ponthieu in Picardy, upon the River Somme; it is well fortified,

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large and beautiful, and lies 34 Leagues from Paris to the North. It belonged heretofore to the Abby of S. Riquer, and from thence had its Name.

Abdera, an antient City of Thrace, famous, among other things, for the Madness of the Inhabitants. Of latter days it was call'd Clazomenae, then Polystile or Astrizze, and at this time Asperosa.

Abensperg, a little Town of Bavaria three German Miles from Ratisbon, and one from the Danube. It gave Birth and Surname to Joannes Aventinus a Learned Historian, who wrote Annals of his Country from the Flood to 1460. in Ten Books.

Aberconwey, in Latin Conovium, a Town in the County of Carnarvon in Wales seated on the River Conwey and the Irish Sea.

Aberdeen, in Latin Aberdenia and Devana, a City of Scotland, built upon the River Don, fifty Miles distant from S. Andrews to the North-East; Here is an Episcopal Chair brought thither in 1100. and an University founded in 1480. The Site thereof is of late times removed nearer the River Dee. It was yielded to the English without constraint, in 1651. Long. 18. 12. Lat. 57. 15.

Aberfraw, Gadiva, a Town in the Isle of Anglesey, the Royal Seat of eleven Kings of North-Wales, whereof Amarawd the first began his Reign there, A. C. 877. and Llewellin the last of all the Brittish Kings was slain in Battel, Ann. Chr. 1282. Long. 15. 20. Lat. 53. 10.

Abergavenny, in Latin Gobannium, a Town in the County of Monmouth in Wales: It belonged to the Silures when the Romans conquered them; it is fortified with a Wall and Castle, and seated where the Ʋske and Gevenny meet. It was erected into a Barony, which in 1685. was possessed by George Nevil, Lord Abergavenny, first Baron of England.

Abernethy, a Town on the River Tay in Strathern in Scotland, anciently the Seat of the Kings of the Picts, and since a Bishops Sea, is now removed to S. Andrews, where we shall speak further of it.

Abilene, a Territory of Judaea, so named from Abila the chief Town thereof, the Tetrarchate of Lysanias, mentioned Luke iii. 1.

Abington, a Corporation in Barkshire, on the Thames, between Oxford and Wallingford, garison'd for the Parliament against Charles the First, in 1644. which proved a great Inconvenience to that Prince. It stands about 5 Miles South of Oxford. The Right Honorable James Bertie was created Earl of this place November 30. 1682. by Charles II.

Abissinia, see Aethiopia.

Abiz, Jatrus, Ischar, a small River of Bulgaria which falls into the Danube a little below Nicopolis.

Ablon, a little Town with a Castle, about 3 Leagues from Paris, where the Protestants were for some time allow'd the Exercise of their Religion, till they had a Church at Charenton.

Abo, the Capital City of Finland, under the Arch-Bishop of Ʋpsal, upon the River Aviaroki in South Finland, near the Shoars of the Baltick Sea, 25 German Miles from Revel to the North-West, and 31 from Stockholme to the North-East. Longit. 45. Latit. 63. This City was well nigh burnt to the ground in 1678.

Abocharana, a Town in Arabia the Happy, situate on a high Mountain, the Passage to which is for seven Miles so strait, that not above two Men can go abrest. Here the Grand Seignior keeps his Treasure.

Aboras, or Chaborras, a River in Mesopotamia, sometimes call'd Giulap.

Aborigines, were the most antient People of Latium, the Seat of the first Original Romans; they are mentioned by Tacitus Annal. 11. as one of the first Nations in Italy which received Letters from Evander the Arcadian. They are supposed to have been the first People which entred Italy after the Flood. The Word is generally used to signifie the first Inhabitants of any Country, of whose Original no account can be given.

Aboy, a Market Town in East Meath, in the Kingdom of Ireland.

Abrener, a City of Armenia the Greater. See Abara.

Abreoios, otherwise Baxos de Babueca; certain Rocks near the Island of Hispaniola, so called by the Spaniards because of the great danger of them: their Name signifying Open your Eyes.

Abrolhos, a litte Isle with a Ridge of Rocks near the Shore of Brasil, for the same reason thus call'd by the Portuguese as those aforenam'd by the Spaniards.

Abruckbanya, Aurariarum, a Town in Transylvania.

Abruzzo, called by the Romans Aprutium, is a Province of the Kingdom of Naples; it is bounded on the East with Apulia, now Puglia, on the West with Marca Anconitana, on the North with the Adriatick Sea, and on the South with the Apennine; it was anciently the Seat of the Piceni, and the Samnites, which latter People by their Valor put the conquering Romans to the last refuge of chusing a Dictator four times, and afforded them the Honor of XXX. Triumphs. Their last was in 481. year of Rome, 270 years before our Saviours Birth: This is one of the greatest, richest, and best peopled parts of the Kingdom of Naples.

Absorus, an Island and City on the Coast of Illyriam, mentioned by Hyginus.

Abugana, a Province in the Realm of Angota, part of the Dominions of the Grand Negus.

Abuyo, one of the Philippine Islands in the East-Indies, between Luzonia and Mindanao; in this and the rest the Spaniards have Forts, and drive a great Trade with their American Territories.

Abutich, heretofore Abydus, a very eminent City of Egypt, 22 Miles from Ptolemais to the North; it stands upon the Nile. Here was the Palace of Memnon, and the Temple of Osiris, so much celebrated in the ancient Poetry, and Mythick History. Long. 61. 20. Lat. 26. 50.

Abydos, a Fortress in Asia opposite to Sestos in Europe on the Hellespont, both which are now called the Dardanelli; made famous by the Love of Hero and Leander, and by the vast Bridge here laid cross the Sea by Xerxes.

Abyla, a Mountain in Afric, answering to Calpe another Mountain in Spain on the European side of the Streight of Gibraltar; they are usually call'd Hercules Pillars, because they were the bounds of his Travels Westward. This is now call'd by the Mariners Apes-Hill, either corruptly from Abyla; or, as they say, from the multitude of Apes there to be seen.

Abyso, anciently Orinus, is a River of Sicily, which falls into the Sea between Syracusa and Pachynus, or Cape Passaro, the most Southern Promontory of that Island.

Aca, Acre, Acri, or Acon, a Sea-Port in Phenicia, which was called by the Grecians and Romans Ptolemais, the latter fixed here a Colony: After the loss of Jerusalem, in the times of the Holy War it was the Capital of that Kingdom for some time, till being taken by the Moors it was intirely ruined, it lies 24 Miles South of Tyrus. Long. 66. 30. Lat. 33. 00. From this place the Knights of S. John of Jerusalem removed to Rhodes.

Acachuma, the Achuma of Ptolomy, a Town in

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Ethiopia, which the Inhabitants take to have been the Residence of Maqueda Queen of Sheba.

Acada, Sangarius, a River of Bithynia.

Acadinus, a Fountain in Sicily, where they tried the verity of an Oath, by writing it on a Board, and throwing it into the Water, where if it sunk, it betoken'd it to be false.

Acafran, otherwise Celef or Quinalaf, a River of Mauritania, now called Vetxilef.

Acamante or Acamas, a Promontory on the West side of the Isle of Cyprus, at this time known by the name of Crusocco, or Capo di S. Epifanio.

Acanes, two Cities of Guinea in Africa; one called the Greater, the other Acanes the Less.

Acanthus, the antient Name of several Towns and Cities at this time unknown, except one in Acarnania, now call'd Erisso according to Sophian, and another in Egypt now nam'd Bisalta.

Acapulco, a City of New Spain, in the Pacific Sea, or Mar del Zur, near 100 Leagues from Mexico, where they usually imbark for Peru and the Philippine Islands.

Acarnania, the antient Name of a Province of Epirus, now by Niger said to be call'd Despotato, parted from Aetolia by the River Achelous and Mount Pindus; heretofore remarkable for the Luxury of its Inhabitants, and the Excellency of the Horses there bred. § A Town also there was of this Name in Sicily, not far from Syracuse, mention'd by Tully to have been famous for a Temple there dedicated to Jupiter; which Temple was afterwards destroy'd by the Goths.

Acaxi, a City of Japan, 25 Leagues from Meaco the Capital City of that Kingdom.

Acaxulta, a considerable Port in New Spain on the Shore of Mar del Zur, about seven Leagues from S. Salvador, between New Leon and S. Jago de Guatimala.

Accadia, a Province on the North-East Coast of America, part of Nova Francia, seiz'd by the English, and by them called Nova Scotia; but return'd to the French upon the Treaty of Breda, 1667. § Also a little City in the farther Principate of the Kingdom of Naples.

Accadie, a Peninsula in New France.

Accara, The Name of two Towns in Guinea, the Greater and the Less, between the River Volta and Fort S. George de Mina.

Accaraig or Accarig, a Town in Peru, near the River Parana, called also the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin.

Accaron, Ekron, heretofore a famous City of the Philistins, now a poor Village, and called by the same Name.

Accettura, a little City in that part of Naples call'd the Basilicate.

Acci, Guadix, a City, Bishoprick and Colony of Spain, in the Kingdom of Granada, nine Leagues from Granada East. It lies at the Foot of the Mountains not far from the Head of the River Guadalentin; it was taken from the Moors, in 1489. The Bishop of it is under the Archbishop of Sevil.

Accia, a City and Bishoprick of the Island of Corsica, now ruined, and the Bishoprick united with that of Mariana.

Acdeniz, the present Turkish name of the Egean Sea, or Archipelago.

Aceldama, a Field near the Valley of Tophet in Judaea, to the South of Mount Sion and of the Valley of Jehoshaphat, serving for a Burying-place for Strangers and Pilgrims that die at Jerusalem. This Name signifying a Field of Blood, was given it instead of that of The Potters Field, because it was bought with the thirty Pieces of Silver, which were the price of Judas his betraying our Saviour.

Acellaro, by some call'd Abisso and Atellari, the Elorus of the Antients, a River in Sicily, falling into the Sea near the Ruines of the old City Elorus.

Acerenza, or Cirenza, anciently known by the name of Acherontia, a City of the Kingdom of Naples in the County called the Basilicate, which is a part of Calabria; this City lies upon the River Bradanum at the foot of the Apennine, it was formerly an Archbishoprick, but the City being in a declining state, the See is united to that of Mateola.

Acerno or Acierno, a little City in the Citerior Principality of the Realm of Naples, 15 Miles from Salern to the East.

L'Acerra, a City and Bishoprick of the Kingdom of Naples, under the Archbishop of Naples, and but 8 Miles distant from the Capital City: it lies in Terra di Lavoro in the Road to Benevento.

Acesine, a River in Sicily, having its rise on the North of Mount Aetna, said to be now called Cantara and Alcantara. § Also the antient Name of a considerable River in Asia, which falls into the Indus, famous for the large Canes growing on its Banks. § Another there is so nam'd in the Taurica Chersonesus or Przecop.

Acha, Achza, a River of Bavaria, it flows through the Lake of Chiemeze, and falls into the River Inns, which last River falls into the Danube at Passaw.

Achacica, Achachica, Achiacica, a Town of New Spain, where there are several Mines of Silver; it lies 18 Leagues North from S. Angelo.

Achaia, is taken in a twofold signification, either denoting the whole Country of Hellas or Greece; still enjoying the same Appellation, as well as that of Livadia, by which Name also it is now call'd. It contain'd the Provinces of Boeotia, Attica, Doris, Phocis, &c. being bounded on the East by the Aegean Sea or Archipelago, on the South by the Gulfs of Saronique and Corinth with the Isthmus, on the West by Epirus, and on the North by Thessaly: Remarkable for the great Confederacy made by the Cities hereof against the Romans. § Or else it denotes a little Region in the Peloponnesus called Achaia propria, between Sicyon and Elis. § It was also the Name of a City in Crete, and of another in Rhodes, and of a Fountain in M•ssenia.

Acham, a Province of Africa, on the Coast of Zanguebar, in the possession of the Arabians, border'd on the South by a Country inhabited by Negros and Heathens.

Achamba, See Ceylan.

Achasse, a River in East-France in the Territory of Vivarez, rising in the Hills near Viviers, and having Teil on the left, soon after falling into the Rhosne.

Achatbaluc or Achbaluo, by some Achbaluc-Mangi, or White Town, a little City in the Province of Tainfeu in Cathay, giving its Name to the adjacent Territory.

Achates, the old Name of a River in Sicily, now call'd Drillo.

Achelo, Anchialus, called by the Turks Keuchis, a City of Thrace, upon the Euxine Sea, mentioned by Orpheus and Ovid, 24 Miles from Develto.

Achelous, a famous River among the Poets and fabulous Writers. It rises in Mount Pindus, and dividing Aetolia from Acarnania, falls into the Ionian Sea. It has at several times had the Names Geromlea, Catochi, Aspropotame, Aspri, and now is call'd Pachicolamo.

Achem, a very large City, the Capital of a Kingdom of the same Name in the North part of Sumatra, in the East-Indies. The King of this City is in league with the Dutch, who export from hence many rich Commodities, and much Pepper.

Acheron, a River in Epirus, rising in the Marsh Acherusia, and having receiv'd several lesser Rivers in its passage falling into the Sinus Ambracius in the Adriatic Sea. Now called Velichi and Verlichi. § Another River in Calabria, now nam'd Bassento, Sanuto, or Campagnano according to several Authors.

Acherusia, the name of several Loughs or Marshes; one in Epirus aforenam'd. § Another in Aegypt▪ whereinto the Inhabitants were wont to put the dead Corps of their Friends in order to be transported to the contrary shore by a Ferryman there plying, in the language of the place call'd Charon. Hence many Fables. § Another in Campania, between Capua and Baiae, now nam'd Lago di Colluccia.

Achillea, otherwise Achillis cursus, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, a Peninsula near the Mouth of the River Borysthenes. Now call'd Cacearia according to some.

Achonry, a decaying City in the Province of Connaught in the Kingdom of Ireland in the County of Letrim; it is an Episcopal Sea under the Archbishop of Tuam; the City is sinking every day more into ruin.

Achrida, Achris, Achridius, Adirida, by the Turks called Giustandil, Justinian the Emperor being born here, rebuilt it, and called it Justiniana, and made it the Metropolis of Macedonia, in which it stands, and of Bulgaria; it is still a strong and populous City governed by a Sangiack, it is situated near the Lake of Lychnidum. It has been in the Turks hands 200 years.

Achterwaldt, Silva Arduenna, a famous Wood, that heretofore extended very near the whole breadth of Germany.

Achyr, a City of Poland in the Palatinate of Kiovia, upon the River Vorsklo towards the borders of Moscovia: It has a Castle and is well fortified; some few years since it has been in the hands of the Moscovites. It stands 25 Polonian Miles beyond the Borysthenes.

Ac•aponda, a Town of the East-Indies, in the confines of the Bay of Bengala, and of the Kingdom of Pegu: it has a Harbor belonging to it.

Acierno, a small Episcopal City in the Citerior Principate, under the Archbishop of Salerno, from whence it is distant 25 Miles to the South-East.

Acojo•lu, Armenia Minor.

Acqs, commonly Dax, Aquae Augustae, called heretofore Tasta also, is an Episcopal City of Gascoigne, under the Archbishop of Euse, in Aquitain in France; upon the River Dour, or Adour, which falls into the Aquitain Sea at Bajonne. This City has Baths in it, and is distant about five Miles from the Ocean, and about ten from Bajonne to the South-East.

Acquapendente, a City in S. Peter's Patrimony, seated on a rising ground by the River Pelia; abounding in Waters, from whence it has its name. It was made a Bishops See by Pope Innocent X, in 1650. instead of Castro a ruined City; 40 Miles distant from Senis.

Acqui, Aquae Statiellae, a City of Liguria, in the Dukedom of Montferrat, under the Dominion of the Duke of Mantua; and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Milan: it lies upon the River Bormia towards the Apennine, about 16 Miles from Asta, to the North East. Here are several hot Baths, to which there is great resort of People. This City suffered much damage in the last Italian Wars.

Acsa, a Lake in Bithynia, and a River of the same name.

Acsar, Acserai, Ain-zarba, Anazarbus, A City of Cilicia, heretofore an Archbishops See under the Patriarch of Antioch; now ruined by the Turks: it is 18 Miles distant from Flaviada towards the East, upon the River Pyramus. Long. 64. 20. Lat. 38. 50. Dioscorides was born here, a famous Physician in Nero's times; who wrote several things which are still extant.

Actium, a most celebrated Promontory with a City of the same name in Epirus. It was here that Augustus overthrew Marc Anthony and Cleopatra in the year of Rome 722 or 23, about 30 years before the coming of our Saviour. Apollo had a magnificent Temple dedicated to him, and Games every five years were celebrated in his honour in this City▪ after the manner of the Olympicks. Strabo gives us a particular description of all that Augustus did to it, to eternalize the memory of his Victory. He reedified the Temple of Apollo, revived the Games, and called the City Nicopolis to carry the remembrance of his Victory in its very name. The Promontory is now call'd, Trigalo. See Trigalo.

Aczud, Aczudia, a small Town in Moldavia upon the River Missovo above Breslaw.

Adamah or Admah, mention'd Gen. •0. 19. One of the Cities of the Plain that God destroy'd by fire from Heaven with Sodom and Gomorrha.

Adavoi, a People of Guinea in Africa.

Adda, Addua, a River that parts the Dukedom of Milan from the State of Venice, it ariseth in the Alpes, and falls into the Po, 6 Miles above Cremona towards Placentia, also the name of a Country in the Milanese betwixt this River and Serio; memorable for the Victory obtained by Lewis XII. of France over the Venetians May. 14. 1509.

Adea, a Kingdom of Aethiopia in Africa, extended upon the Eastern Ocean at the entrance of the Red Sea: It was once under the Kings of Aethiopia, but has now a King who doth not depend upon them. Magadoxo, the Capital of this Kingdom and a Sea-Port, is become a separate Kingdom also; it lies in three degrees of Northern Latitude.

Adegele, Chrysorrhoas, a River of Damascus, in Scripture called Pharpar: it flows through Damascus and its fields, where it is lost and never reacheth the Sea: its Fountains are in Libanus. This is one of the Rivers mentioned by Naaman the Syrian, 2 King. 5. as better than all the Waters of Israel.

Adel, a small Kingdom in Africa at the mouth of the Red Sea, heretofore called Azania; with a City and a River of the same name.

Adelsperg, Postonia, Pistonia, a Town in Croatia.

Aden, a very strong Town in Arabia Foelix, at the Foot of the Mountains not far from the Mouth of the Red Sea. It has a very large Sea-Port, and is also the head of a Kingdom of the same name. The Turks in 1538. took this Town and hang'd up their King, but not long after the Inhabitants revolted and put themselves under the Protection of the King of Mocha, and expelled the Turks again. This Country was known to the Romans by the name of Adana, who had here a great Trade. § Also a Mountain in the Kingdom of Fez, remarkable for Mines of Silver. § There

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is a City of the same name in Cilicia, which is an Archbishoprick under the Patriarch of Antioch, upon the River Malmistra or Piramus, and often mention'd by the antient Geographers.

Ader, or Eder, a Tower within a Mile of Bethlehem, said to be built by the Patriarch Jacob and that here the Shepherds were advertised by Angels of the Birth of our Saviour.

Aderborn, a small Town in Pomerania upon the Oder, a little above Stetin, belonging to the Swedes.

Aderburg, a small Town in the Electorate of Brandenbourg upon the Oder.

Adiabene, a Province of the antient Assyria which for some time was itself a Kingdom; now called Bolan, or according to others Mesere and Sarca. Its two Rivers, Adiabas and Diabas, are mention'd by A. Marcellinus.

Admirati, a River of Sicily. Whether this or Bajaria be the Eleutherus of the Antients is a dispute amongst Geographers.

Adon, a small River of Bretagne in France, which falls into the Vilaine.

Adonis, a River of Phaenicia in Syria, arising near to Mount Libanus and dividing the Kingdom and Patriarchate of Jerusalem from Tripoli and the Patriarchate of Antioch, falls into the Mediterranean near Gibel.

Adour, a River of Aquitain, vide Dour.

Adra, a small Sea-Coast Town in the Kingdom of Granada in Spain, with a Port and a strong Castle: it stands upon the Mediterranean Sea, 9 Leagues to the West of Almeria, which has robb'd it of the Bishops Sea, heretofore belonging to it.

Adran, Adranon, a Town in Sicily, of old famous for an Idol Temple of the name.

Adraon, Adraton, a City and sometime a Bishops See in Arabia, mention'd corruptly by the name of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 for 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 in the 16th. Session of the Council of Chalcedon.

Adraste, a Territory, and an ancient City in Mysia, famous heretofore for a Temple dedicated to Nemesis.

Adria, Atri, Hadria, a City, and an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Ravenna, in the Polesine, in the States of Venice; little inhabited. Some believe the Adriatique Ocean, which we now call the Gulph of Venice, derived its Name from hence.

Adrianople, Ʋscudama, Oresta, is a City in the midst of Thrace, taken by Bajazet in 1362. after which it became the Seat of their Empire till the takeing of Constantinople, An. 1403. This City was rebuilt by Hadrian the Roman Emperor, from whom it has its Name, but is now called by the Turks Endrem, by the French Adrianople. It is an Archbishops See, under the Patriarch of Constantinople, and is distant from it 150 Miles West, being seated upon the River Mariza, (Hebrus.) The late deposed Emperor of the Turks for the most part resided in it; he hating Constantinople, and loving Hunting.

Adrinza, the present Name of Assyria, once the Mistris of the World.

Adrobe, a River of that part of the Asian Tartary, which is subject to the Moscovites: it falls into the Wolga beneath Cazan.

Adrumete, the same with Mahometa.

Adula, the Name of a part of the Alpes from S. Gothard.

Aduliten, Adulis, an antient City in Africa upon the red Sea, now called Ercoco.

Adyrmachides, an antient People of Libya towards Egypt. Their Daughters, newly married, were presented to their King, who had a right to use or refuse them.

Aethiopia, is about one half of Africa: it is divided into two parts, the Upper and the Lower. The Upper is bounded on the North by Egypt and Libya, on the West by the Lower Aethiopia, as also on the South; on the East it is bounded by the Red Sea, and the Arabian and Barbarian Bays: it contains Nubia, Abissinia, the Kingdoms of Muaci, Macoci, and Zanguebar, &c.

The Lower Aethiopia is bounded on the North by Libya, on the East by the Upper Aethiopia, on the West and South by the Aethiopian Ocean: It contains the Kingdoms of Monomotapa and Monemugi, the Western Aethiopians, which are divided into the Kingdoms of Congi, Loangi, and Angola, &c. This more Southern Part of Africa, which was little known to the Ancients, was found out by the Portugals.

Aferat, The present Name of Euphrates, one of the most celebrated Rivers in the World: called by the Arabians Frat; it springeth from the Mountains of Armenia Major, and running to the West receives the Harpage and Arsametes; then it bends to the South, and divides the greater Armenia from the lesser. Then it washeth Mesopotamia on the West and South, and divides it from Syria, and Arabia Deserta; and at Cresiphon, it runs into the Tigris, with which it falls into the Persian Gulph beneath Teredon and Balsera.

Afra, a strong Castle upon the Frontiers of Zaara in Africa, and stands divided into Egypt, Barbary, Biledulgerid or Numidia, Zaara or Libya, Nigritia and Aethiopia.

AFRICA, one of the four principal Parts of the Earth, so called by the Grecians, because it seldom feels any Cold: it is bounded on the North by the Mediterranean Sea, on the West and South by the Ocean, on the East by the Arabian Gulph and the Red Sea, being only joyned to Asia by a Neck of Land. It was anciently known no farther South than to the Mountains of the Moon, till the Portugueses of late discovered the Southern Parts. The inland parts of it are generally barren, and almost Desert by reason of the Sands, and venomous Creatures, and want of Water: it is almost twice as big as Europe.

Afrique, Africa, the Aphrodisium of the Antients, a Town and Port in Barbary in the Kingdom of Tunis, 20 Leagues from Mahometa. Charles V. took it from the King of Morocco, and demolish'd it.

Aga or Agag, a Kingdom with a City of the same Name in the Upper Aethiopia.

Agades, a Kingdom with a City of the Name in Nigritia in Africa; tributary to the King of Tombut.

Agan or Pagan, an Islet in the Eastern Ocean, betwixt Chomocoan and Guagan; where the famous Portegueze, Magellan, was assassinated as he was going in search of the Moluccaes.

Aganara or Aganagare, a City on this side the Ganges in the East-Indies, remembred by Ptolomy.

Aganippe, a Fountain in Boeotia in Greece, celebrated by the antient Poets.

Agaosi, a People in the Kingdom of Bagamedri in the Upper Aethiopia.

The Agarens or Hagarens, a People of Arabia Foelix, descended from Agar and Ismael, who went to war with the Tribes of Ruben, Gad, and Manasse, in the time of Saul. Their capital City is called after their own Name Agarena or Agranum. When they revolted from the Roman Empire under Trajan, that Emperor attempted the Reduction of them without success: and since Mahomet was born amongst them, they have been of his Religion.

Agarus, Sagaris, a River of the European Sarmatia, which falls into the Danube in Moldavia, now call'd Stiret, according to Ortelius.

Agathyrse, Agatyrium, Agathyrna, an antient City and Promontory in Sicily. The Promontory is the same with that they now call Cape d'Orlando.

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Agathyrses, an antient People of Scythia, applauded by Historians for their Hospitality to one another.

Agde, a City in Languedoc in France, the Bishop of which is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Narbone: It is a fine and well built place; seated at the mouth of the River Eraud, which there falls into the Mediterranean Sea.

Agdus, a famous Rock upon the Frontiers of Phrygia in Asia Minor.

Agen, a City and Bishoprick in Guienne in France, under the Archbishop of Bourdeaux, and the Capital of the County of Agennois, which gives the Title of an Earl. It stands upon the Garonne, where it receives on the opposite side the River L'Egers. It is large, beautiful, and one of the best Cities of Aquitain, being also the Birth-place of Joseph Scaliger; about 15 Leagues from Bourdeaux to the North-East.

Aggerhuis, a Province of Norway, so called from a Castle in it. It is bounded on the East with the Kingdom of Sweden, on the South with the Sound, on the West with the County of Bergen, and on the North with that of Drontheim, from which last it is separated by the Mountain Sevone. It reacheth in length from the North to the South 240 Miles. The chief Cities of it are Ansloga, Fredericstad, Saltzbeg, and Ton•b•g: The whole of it is under the King of Denmark.

Agion Oros, Athos, a Mountain in Macedonia, in the Province of Jamboli, call'd by the Italians il Monte Santo, by the Greeks 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, the Holy Mount. It runs into the Aegean Sea, like a Peninsula; it is joyned to the Continent by a Neck of Land, of an Italian Mile and half, which Herodotus saith, was cut through by Xerxes. It is 90 Miles in compass, called by the Turks Scididag and Monastir, by reason of the vast numbers of Monasteries in it, being about 24 Cloisters of Caloirs, or Greek Monks, the chief of which are Garopedos, and Agias Laura, in which two are 600 Monks, in all 5000. Most of these Monasteries are fortified to secure them from Pirats. From hence the Patriarch of Constantinople fetches most of the Bishops he needs for his Patriarchate, it being now the School or University of all Greece, the Monks are all of the Order of S. Basil. This Mountain lies between the Bay of Strymon on the North, and that of Singo to the South.

Agira, Agurium, Argirium, and Agnina Ʋrbs, is a City in Sicily near Mount Aetna. The Birthplace of Diodorus Siculus, now called San Philippo d'Argirone.

Aglie, a celebrated Castle in the Province of Canavois in Savoy, which gives a Name to one of the most illustrious Houses in that Country.

Agmet, the Emere of Ptolomy, an antient City in the Province of Marocco, sometime the Seat of that Empire, and very populous and strong, before Marocco was built.

Agmundesham, a Corporation seated upon a small River which falls into the Isis, a little above Ʋxbridge, in the County of Bucks. It sends two Burgesses to our Parliament, and is not otherwise remarkable to my knowledge. It stands 9 Miles from Ʋxbridge to the North-West, and about 8 from Maidenhead to the North-East.

Agnabet or Agnetlin, one of the principal Towns of Transylvania, seated upon the River Harbach, which falls into the Alt. In this place Q. Isabella assembled a Diet for the preservation of her Son, which Martinsius dissolved, and began a War upon his Master, which ended in both their ruins.

Agno, Clanus, a River of Campania in Italy, call'd afterwards Liris: it riseth in Mount Tiphate, and flowing West between Avella and Nola, entereth Terra di Lavoro, makes the Lake of Linterna, and at last ends in the Sea of Tuscany between the Ruins of Cuma and the Mouth of the River Voltorno.

Agnone, a Town in the Province of Abruzzo in Italy, understood by some to be the antient Aquilonia.

Agobel, a City in the Kingdom of Tremissen in Barbary, understood by some to be the Victoria of Ptolomy. Also another in the Province of Hea in the Kingdom of Marocco.

Agol, a City in the Upper Aethiopia towards the Mountain Amara.

Agore, Agorum, a small City upon the River Cordevol in the Dominions of the Republick of Venice.

Agouges or D'Agouges, a small River of Auvergne in France, which falls into the Allier a little above San Porzain.

Agouste, Augusta, a City in Sicily, built by Frederick the Emperor in 1229▪ upon a Peninsula, which in the last Age was turned into a little Isle with a Bridge to communicate betwixt it and the Continent. It has a very large Haven defended by 3 Cittadels to the Sea. Taken by the French in 1675. and abandon'd by them in 1678.

Agout, Acutus, a small River in Languedoc in France, washing the two Cities of Castres and Lavaur, it falls into the River Tarne.

Agra or Agara, a new City seated in a Province of the same Name in India beyond Ganges: It is the Capital of the Moguls Empire, and his residence; a rich and beautiful City, built by Ekebar, one of his Predecessors, in the last Age upon the River Gemini. It is of a vast circuit, and adorned with a stately Palace; on the other side of the River lies another City called Serandra, which is well built, and but a kind of Suburb to Agra.

Agragas. See Gergenti.

Agramont, Agramontium, a Town in Catalonia, in the Plain of Ʋrgel, between Solsona and Lerida.

Agreable, an Island in the Kingdom of Fez, form'd by the River Lisse.

Agreda, a small City in the Kingdom of Popayan in the South America, belonging to the Spaniards. Also a Town in Arragon upon the River Queiles, which some understand to be the Grachuris, others the Augustobriga of the Antients.

Agri or Acri, a River in the Basilicata in the Kingdom of Naples. It arises at the Apennines, and passes by Marsico to the Gulph of Tarentum.

Agria, called by the Germans Erlaw, is a little but very strong City of the Upper Hungary, upon a River of the same Name, which falls into the Tibiscus 12 Miles beneath it. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Gran. This Town was taken by the Turks, An. 1596. But after a long Blockade surrendred to the Christians in 1687. It is 17 Miles distant from Buda to the North-East, in the Confines of Austria.

Agrimonte, Grumentum, an antient City, and a Bishops See in the Basilicata in Naples. The latter has been since united to that of Marsico.

Agriophag•s, an antient People towards the West of Aethiopia, who lived, says Solinus, altogether upon the Flesh of Panthers and Lions.

Agropoli, Acropolis, a Town in the hither Principate in the Kingdom of Naples.

Agualua, and Agua de Moura, two Rivers in Portugal which fall into the Cadaon in Estremadura.

Agueda, a Town in Portugal, built upon the Ruines of the antient Aeminium. It takes this Name from a River which passes by it.

Aguer, at City at the foot of Mount Atlas in Africa. Taken by the Portugueze in 1536. and since retaken by an Army of 50000 Moors.

Aguila, a City in the Province of Habat in the Kingdom of Fez, upon the River D'Erguile.

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Aguilard, Agilaria, a pretty considerable Town in old Castile about 14 Leagues from Burgos.

Agulha, Acus, an Island in the Aethiopian Ocean, 300 Miles from Madagascar to the North.

Ahausen, Ahuis, Ahusa, a small City in Schonen upon the Baltick Sea, to which it has a very commodious Port: four Leagues from Christianstad. Under the Swedes.

Aia, Allia, a small River in Italy, which falls into the Tiber near Monte Rotundo in the States of the Church. The Gauls under Brennus defeated the Romans upon the Banks of it.

Ajaluni, a City of Caria upon the Borders of Lydia.

Ajan, or the Coast of Ayan, a Country in Aethiopia, which lies along the Coast of the Sea of Zanguebar, from Magadoxo to the Cape Guardafuy. It contains the Kingdoms of Adea, Adel, &c.

Ajas, a City of Arabia Foelix, two days journey from Aderi. Thevet calls it Hegias, and makes a Kingdom of it.

Ajazzo, Ajaccio, Adjacium, Ʋrcinum, an Episcopal City of Corsica, under the Archbishop of Pisa; on the Western Shoar; it has a strong Castle and a large Haven, and is a neat and beautiful City, flourishing now under the Dominion of the Republick of Genoua; the greatest part of it is surrounded by the Sea, and it lies at the foot of the Mountains not above a Mile from the Old Adjacium.

Aichstadt, Aureatum, as appears by an old Inscription found there; a City upon the River Altmul, which falls into the Danube between Ingolstad and Ratisbon; it is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mogunce: It lies in the Confines of Bavaria, and the Dukedom of Schwaben, and is under the Civil Jurisdiction of its Bishop; two miles distant from Neuburg towards the North, eleven from Ratisbon to the West. There is some Controversie amongst learned Men about the old Name of this City.

Aidinelli, Caria, a Province of the Lesser Asia; it lies right over against Rhodes, and has had several fine Cities in it, but they are all ruined by the Turks, who have been a long time Masters of this poor Province.

Aidos, Abydus, a City of the Lesser Asia, upon the Bosphorus; distant about a Mile and three quarters from Sesto, on the Thracian Shoar; heretofore a Suffragan See, under the Archbishop of Cyzicum, from whence it is distant 21 Miles to the South; but now the Bishop of it is made a Metropolitan. It has a strong Castle, well fortified by Mahomet II. after he had taken Constantinople; and it is one of the Dardanels, which has ever in it a good Turkish Garison to defend the Passage, and secure Constantinople.

Aiducal, ATLAS, the greatest Mountain in all Africa; it begins in Mauritania, near the Atlantick Ocean, to which it gives Name; by Cap de Guer, and by various windings, it extends it self Eastward as far as the Deserts of Barca; raising it self out of barren Sands, it hides its towring Head in the Clouds; and has variety of Names. The great height of it was the cause the Antiens feign'd Atlas, (whom they make a King) bore the weight of Heaven on his Shoulders. There is another Mountain call'd Atlas Minor, now Errif, which parts the Kingdom of Fez from that of Morocco.

Ajc•lo, a Dutchy in the Province of Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples, belonging to the Prince of Massa.

L'Aigle, Aquila, a small City in Normandy upon the River Rille, which gives the Title of a Baron.

Aigueperse, the capital City of the Dutchy of Montpensier in France, near whereunto the antient Castle of Montpensier stood, till it was demolished in 1634.

Aigues Caldes, Aquae Calid•, a City with natural Baths in it, in Gallicia in Spain. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Compostel, upon the River Minio.

Aigues-Mortes, a City in the lower Languedoc, upon an Arm of the Rhosne and near the Sea. The Seat of the Excises upon Salt.

Aiguilles, or Capo de Agulhas, a Promontory of Africa to the Cape of Good Hope.

Aiguillon or Eiguillon, a City with the Title of a Dutchy in the County of Agennois in France, upon the Confluence of the Le and the Garonne, between Agen and Nerac. It once susteined a Siege of fourteen Months against John Duke of Normandy.

Ailesbury, a fair Market-Town, well peopled, and built upon the rising of a Hill, by the Bank of Tame, in the middle of the County of Buckingham. Taken by Cuthwulf the Saxon, from the Britains, Anno 572. Famous heretofore for S. Edith here born. The Honourable Robert Bruce, was created Earl of this place, on March 8. 1684. It is a Corporation, and sends Burgesses to the Parliament.

Ailly, a Seigniory in Picardy, whence one of the noblest and antientest Families of that Province, the D'Aillyes, receive their Name.

Ailzall, an Islet, or rather a Shelf upon the Coast of Scotland towards Galloway.

Ainaon, Ahinaon, an Island to the Southern Coast of China. Its capital City bears the same Name.

Aindre, once an Island 3 Leagues below Nantes in Brittany, at the falling of the Loyre into the Sea. It had a Monastery in it built by S. Hermeland; but both that and the Island have since been swallowed up by the Waters.

Ains, Ens, Indus, Indis, Danus, and Idanus, a River of France which rises in the Valley of Meige in Burgundy, and passes to the Rhosne by Chateau-Vilain, Constances, &c.

Ainza, a small City in Arragon upon the River Cinga, and the Capital of the Tract of Sobarbe, which has sometime born the Title of a Kingdom.

Ainzia, a Tract in the County of Buchan in Scotland.

Aire, Aturum, the chief Town of Gascoine, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Aux; it stands upon the River Adour, in the Borders of the County of Armagnac, four Aquitane Leagues above S. Sever, and sixteen from Bajonne.

Aire, Aria, called by the Flandrians, Arien; by the Spaniards, Ere: it is a strong City in Artois, seated in a Marsh upon the River Leye, which falls into the Scheld at Gaunt; taken by the French in 1641. and presently recovered by the Spaniards; but it was retaken •; the French in 1676. and is now in their possession by the Treaty of Nimeguen. It is 12 Leagues from Bologn to the East.

Aire, Aeria, by the Scotch Ayr, is a small City and Sheriffdom in Scotland, upon Dunbritain-Frith, on the West of that Kingdom: it stands 22 Scotch Miles from Donbritoun, South-West.

Airu, a River of Scotland, which springs from the Mountains of Mar, and unites with the Spei in Buchan. The City Aire stands upon it.

Airy, Airiacum, a Village in Burgundy in Auxerrois near Clamecy. Here was a National Council held in 1020. under Pope Benedict VIII.

Aisa•ce, a small River in Normandy which joyns the Colsnon below d'Autrain.

Aisne, Axona, a River of France, riseth in the Dukedom of Barois; and flowing through the Provinces of Champagne, and the Territory of Argonne, and that of Soissons, cuts the City of Soissons in two parts; and at last ends in the River Oise, a little East of Compeigne in the Isle of France.

Aix, Aquae Sextiae, a City of Provence in France.

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It was a Roman Colony, and is now an Archbishops See, and the Seat of the Parliament of that Province: a fair growing Town, seated in a large Plain, upon a small Rivolet, about 15 Leagues from Arles, and 13 from Avignon to the East.

Aix, in Savoy, an antient City at the foot of the Mountains, between Chambery, Annecy, and Rumilly, giving the Title of a Marquess. It is famous for Mineral Waters.

Aix la Chapelle, Aquisgranum, called by the Germans Aa•b, by the Dutch Aken, by the French Aix, by the Italians Aquisgrana; it is an Imperial free City of Germany, in the Circle of Westphalia, within the Borders of the Dukedom of Juliers, under which Prince it now is. Charles the Great of France died here Jan. 24. 814. and here he was buried; having been the Restorer of this City after Attila the King of the Huns had ruin'd it. It was almost intirely ruin'd by Fire again in 1656. but is now rebuilding. In 1658. there was a famous Peace made here between the present Kings of France and Spain. Divers Councils have been held here. This City stands 8 German Miles from Cologn, 7 from Liege, in a low place, almost incircled with Hills.

Aizu, a Province of Japan, with a Town of the same Name, which is one of the best in the Country.

Akerhuys, a Sea-port Town in the County of Aggerhuys, not above 15 Miles from Christianstadt in Norway.

Akerman, Alba, a City of Moldavia.

Akersondt, an Island belonging to Norway, in the German Ocean, over against the Cape of Shagen.

Akertewe, a City in the Isle of Maragnan on the Coast of Brasil.

Akill, Achill, Achillia, a small Island on the Coast of Connaught in Ireland, over against the County of Mayo.

Akroczim, a City in the Palatinate of Mazovia in Poland, fortifyed with a Castle.

Aksteede. Acsteda, a small City upon the River Lun in the Dutchy of Bremen in Saxony, under the Swedes.

Akza, a River of Georgia, in Asia.

Al, a River of Prussia, believed by some to be the Guttalus of Pliny.

Alahanda. See Eblaba.

Alacranes, Islands infested with Scorpions, in the New America, 20 Leagues from Jucutan.

Aladuli, the Turkish Name of Armenia major.

Alagon, a River of Spain, in the Province of Estremadura, and Kingdom of Leon: it falls into the Taio, a little above Alcantara, as Rodericus Sylva saith.

Alaine, a small River in the Province of Nivernois in France.

Alais, Alesia, a City of Languedoc, upon the River Guerdon, at the foot of the Mountain Cevennes, 10 Leagues from S. Esprit to the East.

Alalcomene, Alalcomenium, an antient City of Boeotia, famous for a Statue of Minerva, and the Tomb of Tiresias. Afterwards call'd Ithaca, says Plutarch, and the Birth-place of Vlysses.

Alan, a small River in Cornwal in England; it falls into the Irish Sea at Padstow: at the Head of it is a small Village called Camelford, where King Arthur is reported to have been slain in Battel. Padstow lies about 17 Miles West from Launceston.

Aland, an Island of the Baltick Sea, at the entrance of the Botner Sea, under the Dominion of the King of Sweden.

Alarcan, Illarco, a Town in New Castile in Spain.

Alares, an antient People of Pannonia. Tacit.

Alasch•hir, Hipsius, Ʋpsu, an antient City of Phrygia, and sometime the See of a Suffragan Bishop.

Alatri, Alatrium, Alatrinum, a City of Campania in Italy, and a Bishops See, dependent immediately on the Pope. Mentioned by the Antients.

Alava, a small Territory in Biscay in Spain.

Alba, or Albe, Alba Pompeia, a City of Monferrat, upon the River Tangro; it is an Episcopal See. under the Archbishop of Millan; heretofore subject to the Duke of Mantua, but taken from him in 1631. by a Treaty of Peace, and ever since under the Duke of Savoy. This City of latter times having suffered great changes, is reduced into a consumptive State for want of Inhabitants. It is distant from Aste 12 Miles to the South.

Albany, Albania, call'd in Scotland Braid-Albin, is a Dukedom in the highest part of Scotland, as the Name imports; the Seat of the Old Scots, upon the declining Western part of Mount Grampus, next Lorn and Argile. Charles I. in his Infancy at two years of age, was created Duke of Albany. This Title was also conferred on the Lord Darnly, his Grandfather; and given by Charles I. to his Second Son, afterwards James II.

Albano, Alba Longa, the Mother of Rome, from which it lies about 12 Miles. It has been ruin'd many Ages. It stood betwixt a Lake and a Mountain of the same Name. There has been another Albano built near its Ruines, which is a Bishops See, a Principality, and the Title of a Cardinal. § Also a City with the Title of a Principality in the Kingdom of Naples.

Albanopolis, an antient City of Macedonia in Greece.

Alba Julia. See Weissenburg.

Alba Regalis, called by the Inhabitants Ekekes Fesarwar; by the Germans Stoel-Weissemburg: Is a City of the Lower Hungary, once the Capital of that Kingdom, famous for the Coronation and Burial of the Kings of Hungary. It stands in a Marsh upon the River Sarwitz. Taken by the Turks Anno 1543▪ retaken by the Christians in 1601. taken again by the Turks in 1602. surrendred again to the Imperialists upon Articles, May 9. in the beginning of the Campagne of the Year 1688. The Imperialists found 84 Pieces of Cannon in it, with almost an incredible quantity of Ammunition and small Arms. It is 45 Miles from Buda West, and 60 from Comorra South. Long. 41. 10. Lat. 47. 8.

S. Albans, [Verulamium] is the fairest and the best Town in the County of Hertford. It arose out of the Ruins of Verulam, a Town more strong and antient, seated on the opposite side of the River Ver. This new Town took its Name from one Alban a Citizen of Verulam, who in the Dioclesian Persecution, suffered Death for the Christian Religion, and is esteemed the first of the British Martyrs. To whose memory the Britains built a fair Church, which being ruin'd in the Wars between them and the Saxons, Offa King of the Mercians built here a Monastery to his honor, An. Chr. 795. the Abbot of which obtained from Pope Adrian, the Precedency of all English Abbots, to which an end was put, Dec. 5 1539. by the surrender of the said Abby to Hen. VIII. Near this place Richard Duke of York overthrew Henry VI. and took him Prisoner Anno Dom. 1455. who four Years after was restored to his liberty again, by a Victory obtained here too. This Town had the Honor of an Earldom bestowed upon it by Charles II. April 27. 1660. in the person of Henry Jermin, then Baron of S. Edmondsbury in Suffolk. Since raised to a Dukedom by the same King. This Town lies upon the River Ver, 10 Miles from Hertford to the South-West. The Old Town I shall speak of in its proper place.

Albarazin, Albarazinum, a City, and a Bishops See in Arragon in Spain, under the Archbishop of Saragossa.

Albasequia, a City of Sarmatia in Asia, supposed to be the Ampsulis of Ptolomy.

Albegna, Albania, Almiana, a River in Tuscany, which falls into the Gulph of Telamont.

Albemarle, called by the French Aumale, is a Town in Normandy in France, near the Head of the River B•ssine, in the Confines of Picardy. It is memorable for giving the Title of an Earl to the Noble Family De fortibus: And of Duke to Edward Earl of Rutland, after Duke of York. Given with the same Title to the Loyal, Wise, and Valiant George Monk, by Charles II. (July 7. 1660. who died Jan. 3. 1669.) It stands 14 Leagues from Roven East.

Alben, Albins, a Mountain of Carniola, remarkable for Mines of Quicksilver. § Also a River (Alpis) in Corinthia, which runs into the Save.

Albenga, a City and Port in the Republick of Genoua, antient, large, handsom, but not very healthful. In 1175. it was burnt by those of Pisa. Pope Alexander 3. made it a Bishops See in 1179. Titus Alius Proculus the Emperor was a Native of it. § Over against it stands an Islet of the same Name.

Alberg, a City and Bishops See in Jutland. It lies not far from the Baltick Sea, in 58. deg. of Lat.

Alberton, a Town and Port in Barbary.

Albigeois, a small Territory in Languedoc in France, with a City in it call'd Alby. This Province is divided by the River Tarn, and very much taken notice of in Church-History, for those great Oppositions, the Albigenses, its Inhabitants, made long since against the Church of Rome.

Albila, Mercë, an Island made by the Nile in Aethiopia, before it enters Egypt.

Albion, the antient Name of Great Brittain.

New Albion. See New Albion.

Albon, a Territory in the Province of Vienne in Dauphine, giving the Title of a Count.

Albona, Albonea, a River in the Dutchy of Milan in Italy, which passes by the Province of Novara to the Po.

Alboran, or Albusama, Erroris Insula, a small Island with some Villages in it, and a Castle, upon the Coasts of the Kingdom of Fez.

Alborg, Ae•burgum, a City, and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Lunden in the Province of Jutland in Denmark, upon the Bay of Limfort.

Alborno, Alburnus, a Mountain in the Kingdom of Naples, mentioned by Virgil; now call'd Monte di Postiglione, and Montagna della Petina by the Italians.

Albret, a City, County, and Dutchy in Gascony, the Original of the late Royal Family of Navar.

Albs, the same with Savio, a River of Italy.

Albufera, Amaenum Stagnum, a Lake in the Kingdom of Valencia in Spain.

Albula, the antient Name of Tiber.

Albuquerque, a City and Dutchy in the Province of Estremadura in Portugal.

Alby, Albia, Albiga, a City of Languedoc in France, upon the River Tarn, the Capital of Albigeois, of great Antiquity. Sometime an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Bourges, but by P. Innocent X•. at the instance of the present French King Lewis XI•. translated into an Archbishoprick. The famous Albigenses took their Name from hence. § Also a small City in the States of the Duke of Savoy, betwixt Annecy and Aix, upon the declension of a Mountain.

Alcairo, Memphis, a famous City of Egypt, seated a little above the Delta, where the Nile is first divided; it is call'd in Scripture Noph, and Migdol. Now wholly desolate.

Alcala, Complutum, is a City of the Kingdom of Castile in Spain, seated upon the River Henarez. It was heretofore a Bishops See, but belongs now to the Archbishops of Toledo. One of which Franciscu• Ximenius Cisn•rus Archbishop of Toledo, and a Cardinal, in the year 1517. in the time of Alphonsus Sapiens, opened here an University: it is 6 Leagues from Madrid, and • from Toledo. Long. 17. 30. Lat. 41. 00.

Alcantara, Norba Caesarea, Pons Trajani, Turobrica, a City of the Kingdom of Leon, upon the River Tajo. It is a small City, and of late years has been sortified to preserve it from the Incursions of the Portugueze, being but 3 Leagues distant from the Borders of that Kingdom. It is ennobled by a Bridge built over the River, of 670 foot in length, and 28, foot wide, which is generally attributed to Trajan; it stands upon 6 Pillars. This City was taken from the Moors by Alphonsus VIII. Anno 1013.

Alcay, a fertile Mountain, well inhabited, twelve Leagues from Fez.

Alcazar-Quivir, the capital City of the Province of Asgar, upon the Coast of Barbary. Built by Jacob Almansor, King of Fez. Taken by Alphonsus V. K. of Portugal in 1448.

Alcazer-Zeguer, a Town in the Province of Habat in the Kingdom of Fez, upon the Streights. Built by Jacob Almansor, K. of Fez. Taken by Alphonsus V. King of Portugal, 1458. Abandoned by John III. K. of Portugal in 1540. yet now under the K. of Portugal.

Alcmaer, a Town in the Northern parts of Holland, besieged by the Spaniards in 1573. without success.

Alcozar d'Osal, Salacia, a small City of Portugal upon the River Zadaon.

Alcyone, an antient City of Thessalia. § Also the Name of a deep Lake in the Morea, near Corinth; where there was in antient times a Temple dedicated to Amphiaraus, which gave this Lake the Name of Fons Amphiarai.

Aldebourg, a Village in Flanders.

Aldeburgh, Isurium, a small Corporation in the County of Suffolk, situated upon the Sea Shoar, which sends two Burgesses to Parliament.

Aldego, Aldegus, a River in the Province of Verona in Italy, which unites with the Adige in the States of Venice.

Aldenburg, Brannesia, a ruined City in Holstein, 8 Miles from Lubeck, which robb'd it of its Bishoprick in 970. This is by some call'd Olden-borch. It is but 2 Miles from the Baltick Sea; there is now nothing but a Castle left.

Aldenburg, a Town of Misnia in Germany, upon the River Pleiss, which heretofore was a free Imperial City; but in 1308. was taken by Frederick, Marquess of Misnia, and united to Misnia. In the Castle of this Town was the antient Residence of the Dukes of Saxony. It is 6 German Miles distant from Lipsi•k to the South, and 8 from Misnia to the West. Some call it Altenburg.

Aldernay, an Island on the Coast of Normandy.

Ale, the Name of a Kingdom in Africa, belonging to the Barbeci.

Alegransa, a small Island with a convenient Haven and Castle near the Canaries.

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Alentejo, or Entre Tejo Guadiana, a Province in Portugal, South-East of Estremadura, divided into 5 Counties; the chief City of which is Evora. A part of old Lusitania and Boetica.

Alenzon, Alenconium, a large and well built City in Normandy, adorned with the Title of a Dutchy; it stands upon the River Sarte. This Title has been carried by Eight of the Royal Family of Valois, and has since been conferr'd, occasionally, on many of the younger Princes of the Royal Family of France. It is 42 Miles from Paris.

Aleppo, Berrhoea, Beroa, is a City of Syria, seated upon the River Marsya, which falls into Euphrates; at this day the greatest City of Syria, a Mart filled with innumerable Inhabitants, and European Merchants; being 6 Miles in compass, with 3 Suburbs, 10 Gates, and an oblong Castle, which is very strong. It is the Seat and Government of a Bassa, 28 Leagues distant from Scanderoon towards the Euphrates, and 200 Miles Northward from Damascus; the English, French, and Venetians, have each of them a Consul here. Long. 58. 20. Lat. 31. 25.

Alexia, an antient City, and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Pisa in the Island of Corsica; now ruin'd. § A River of the same Name runs thereby, which is supposed to be the Rhotanus of Ptolomy.

Alesa, an antient City of Sicily, with a River by it of the same Name, now call'd Pittineo.

Alesham, or Aylesham, a Market. Town in Norfolk, in the Hundred of South-Erpingham.

Alessio, Lyssus, a City of Albania, near the falling of the River Drin into the Adriatique; also a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Durazzo: famous for the Sepulchre of the great Scanderberg, who died here in 1467.

Alessio, Alex, a River of Calabria in Italy, which falls into the Bay of Tarento.

Alet, Alecta, a City of Languedoc in France, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Narbone; out of which Diocess it was taken by Pope John XXII. It is 5 Leagues from Carcassone, and stands at the foot of the Pyrenean Hills.

Alexandretta. See Scanderone.

Alexandria, a City of Egypt, call'd by the Turks Scanderik, a celebrated Mart, and the Seat of the second Patriarch; built by Alexander the Great, Anno Mundi 3618. that is, 330 years before Christ. It was considered much more than now, before the building of Grand Cairo. Heretofore the great Trade for Spices was driven here, which were brought by Camels from the Red Sea; but are now brought to us by Sea from the East-Indies. Yet this Town is still much frequented by the European Ships for the sake of the Harbour. It is inhabited by about 2000 Souls, which being too few for so vast a City, accordingly much of it is nothing but Ruins. The Pharoal, once an Isle, is now joyned to the City, and a Fort built upon it by the Turks, with a Garison for the security of the Port. This City was taken from the Christians by Amrus the Moor, after a Siege of 13 Months; retaken from them in the times of the Holy War, Anno Christi 1167. but it fell soon after into their hands again. Long. 58. 20. Lat. 31. 25. § There is another City of this Name built by Alexander M. beyond the River Tanais. § A third, in the Palatinate of Lusuc in Poland upon the River Horin. § And a fourth in Susiana in Asia.

Alexandria, Alexandrinum, a small Town in the Palatinate of Braclaw in Poland.

Alexandria della Paglia, Alexandria Statelliorum, a large and well fortified City in the Dukedom of Milan in Italy; built upon the River Tanaro, which divides it. It was made a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Milan, by Pope Alexander III. Anno 1175. from whom it had its Name. It is 52 Miles from Milan to the North-West, and 12 from Casal to the South. This City, in 1656. being besieged by the Prince of Conti, and the Duke of Modena, their Army was forced to rise for want of Money. Brietius. Long. 30. 30. Lat. 43. 54.

Alexie. See Alize.

Alfissah, a Country in the Southern part of the Isle of Madagascar.

Aleford, a Market-Town in Lincolnshire, in the Division of Lindsey and Hundred of Calceworth.

Alfreton, a Market-Town in Darbyshire, in the Hundred of Scarsdale.

Algarria, a Northern Province of the Kingdom of New Castile, whose Bounds are not known; so that it is thought that both Madrid and Toledo are in this Province.

Algarve, a small part of Spain, which under Alphonsus III. was added to Portugal, with the Title of a Kingdom; Tavira is the chief place in it: it hath Portugal on the North, on the West and South it is washed by the Ocean, and on the East lies Andaluzia.

Algezire, a Town and Port upon the Streights of Gibraltar in Spain; supposed by some to be the Cartheia of the Antients. Taken from the Moors by Alphonsus XI. King of Castile in 1344. now ruin'd.

Algiers, or Argiers, Julia Caesarea, aliis Ruscurum, Rusucurum, a City and Republick in Africa, upon the Confines of Barbary, on the Mediterranean Sea; famous for Piracies, and for the loss of a vast Fleet of Ships by a Tempest, belonging to Charles V. in 1541. when that Victorious Prince attempted the Conquest of this place. The English have had better success against them; twice entred their strong Harbours, and burnt their Ships. First under Admiral Blake, April 4. 1655. And afterwards (having been forced to a Peace in 1668. by Sir Thomas Allen, which they broke the year following), in 1670. Capt. Beach meeting 7 of their Men of War, forced them on shoar; two of which they burnt themselves, and the English the other five, releasing 250 Christian Captives. In 1670. Sir Edward Sprague destroy'd 9 more of their Ships near the Castle of Bugia, which plaid upon him with their Cannon. This last Victory reduced those Pirats to beg a Peace, which, with the English they have kept the better since. The French Fleet commanded by Marescal D'Estree, discharged 10420 Bombs into the Town, in July 1688. whereby above two thirds of it were destroy'd; also 5 Ships in Port, belonging to the Government there, were sunk or burnt. The Algerines enraged thereat, shot off the French Consul at the Mouth of a Cannon, with several poor Captives; which was revenged by the French upon three Algerine Officers they had brought in custody with them, whom they shot to death, and put their Bodies upon a Hurdle of Planks to be driven ashoar, to warn their Countrymen of the effects of their Cruelty. This Town is seated 100 Miles from Sally, right over against Minorca. Long. 20. 15. Lat. 32. 45.

Algher, Algaria, Corax, a City of Sardinia, call'd by the Spaniards Alguer; it stands on the Western Shoar of that Isle, in the Northern part of it. This City is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Sassari, from whence it is dist. 16 Miles to the South. The Bishoprick was translated from Orana hither, by Julius II. in 1504.

Algow, Agovia, a County of Schwaben, a Province of Germany. It is bounded on the North by the Danube, and by the Lech, on the East by the Lake of Constance, by the Territory of Hegow to the West, and by the Earldom of Tirol to the South. In this County lie the Marquisate of Burgow, Ausburg, and several other considerable Cities and Towns.

Alhama, Artigi, a City of the Kingdom of Granada, seated upon steep Hills, which was the place of delight to the Moorish Kings of Granada; it lies 7 Leagues from Granada North-West; called in the latter Maps Alcala-real.

Alhilet, Sin, a Desert of Arabia.

Alibaluch, an Island in the Caspian Sea, over against the Province of Taristan in Persia, under the King of Perse.

Alicant, Alonae, a Port of the Kingdom of Valentia in Spain, on the Mediterranean Sea, 10 Leagues from Murcia to the North-East, and from New Carthage, now Valentia, 14. the Bay that comes up to it is now called the Gulph of Alicant.

Alicate, a Town upon the Coast of Sicily.

Alifa, Allipha, a City and a Bishops See under the Archb. of Benevento in the Terra di Lavoro in Naples, upon the River Voltorno. Almost ruin'd. Fabius Maximus gain'd a Victory over the Samnites here.

Aliola, a small Island between Africa and Madagascar, called in the Maps Alion.

Alize, or Alise, Alexia, a place in the Dutchy of Burgundy, now ruinous; formerly famous for the Siege it endured against Jul. Caesar.

Alkebulan, one of the Names by which Africa is called.

Alla, a River in the Ducal Prussia in Poland.

Alleburg, a small Town upon the River Alla in the Ducal Prussia in Poland.

Allelujah, a remarkable Monastery in Aethiopia, so called from the continual singing of Allelujahs in it.

Allemaign. See Germany.

Allendorf, a small Town in Germany under the Landgrave of Hesse Cassel upon the River Wertz, 5 Leagues from Cassel.

Allere, Allera, a River in the Lower Saxony, which rises in the Dutchy of M gdebourg, and passes through that of Lunebourg by Zell and Ferdin to joyn the Weser.

Allersberg, a small Market-Town on the West of the District of Newmarckt, in the upper Palatinate: it belongs to the House of Newburg.

Allia, a River of the Province of Sabina in Italy. See Aia.

Allier, Elaver, a River of France, which riseth in Languedoc, in the Territory of Guivandan, in the Village of Condress, at the foot of Losere, the highest of the Mountains of Cevennes; then running to the North, it watereth and divides the County of Auvergne, as likewise that of Bourbon; where it slides by Moulins, and a little beneath Nevers, falls into the Loire.

Allobroges, an antient People of the Province of Narbona in Gallia▪ Transalpina, so called from the River Labroya, upon the Banks of which they had their Habitations at first, according to Viterbius. They assisted the Carthaginians against the Romans. In the Year of Rome 632. the Romans overthrew them under Cne•• Domitius Aenobarbus, and Fabius Maximus, whence the latter obtained the▪ Title of Allobrogicus.

Allyn, a great Lake in the County of Kildare in Ireland.

Almagra, a Village in the Kingdom of Castile in Spain, remarkable for being the Birth place, and giving Name to Diego Almagra, Pizarro's Comerade in the discovery of Peru in 1525. These two perfidious base-born Vilains taking up Arms afterwards against each other, Almagra became Pizarro's Prisoner, and was kill'd by Pizarro's Brother.

Almaguer, Almagra, a small Town 20 Leagues from Popayan in the Southern America.

Almedine, a Town sometime rich and populous, and the Capital of the Province of Duguela in the Kingdom of Marocco, but now ruin'd.

Almeria, a City and Port in the Kingdom of G•anada, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Granada; seated upon the Mediterranean; having its Name from Amalricus, a Gothish King, who built it; it is distant about twenty Miles from Granada, South-East. § There is another Town of the same name in new Spain with a good Port, upon the Gulph of Mexico; called also Villaricca, and by the Indians Naothalon from a River of that name.

Almina, Abyla, a Mountain in the Kingdom of Fez in Barbary, near the Mouth of the Streights of Gibraltar, or the entrance of the Mediterranean, supposed to be one of Hercules's Pillars.

Almis•a, Almisum, Dalmatium, by the Sclavom ans called Omisc, is a City in Dalmatia upon the Adriatique, under the Turks. It was sometime a Bishops See before it was united to the Archbishoprick of Spalatro.

Almo, a Rivulet in Campagna di Roma, which falls into the Tibur at Rome. The Priests of the Goddess Cybele used to wash the Victims that they Sacrificed to her in these streams.

Almondbury, Camulodunum, a Town in Yorkshire, in the West-Riding, seated upon the River Calder, about 7 miles from Halifax to the South-East; which was once a famous Roman and Saxon City, now a Village.

Almoravides, a People near Mount Atlas in Africa, who Possessed themselves of the Kingdom of Fez in the year 1052.

Almouchiquois, Savages of New France, towards the River Covacourt and the Isle of Bacchus.

Almunequar, a Town in the Kingdom of Granada

Alnewick, a Market-Town in Northumberland on the River Alne (Alaunus), which gives name to it, and soon after falls into the German Ocean. William the Lyon, King of Scots, fought a Battle here with the English in the Reign of Henry II. and was taken Prisoner.

Alney Is•e, a small Island near Glocester made by the Severn. Here Edmond, surnamed Ironside, one of the Saxon Kings of England, fought a single Combat with Canutus the Dane, an Invader, in the view of both their Armies: After which they agreed to reign in Conjunction, each in his part, dividing the Kingdom betwixt them.

Aload, one of the Names of Nilus.

Alopecki, a People of Attica near Athens, amongst whom, according to Diogenes Laertius, Socrates had his Nativity.

Alost, a Town in Flanders, upon the River Dender. This Town was taken by the French in 1667; but restored to the Spaniards again, who now have it. It lies in the middle between Brussels and Gaunt, one mile from Dendermonde. There was an Earldom belonging to this place; which had Earls of its own till 1165. when it fell to Philip E. of Flanders, by Inheritance, and was by him united for ever to Flanders.

Alpes, called by the Germans Alben, is a long Ridg of▪ Mountains, which divide Italy from France and Germany. It begins at Port Monaco, a Town belonging to the States of Genoua, upon the Mediterranean, but in the Hands of the French ever since the Year 1641. And ends at the Gulph of Carnaro, a part of the Adriatick Sea, South of Istria, a Province belonging to the Republick of Venice. It is divided into divers parts, and each of them has its proper Name, besides the General. From the Port of Monaco to the Fountains of the River Var, they are called the Maritim Alpes. From thence to Susa the Cottian Alpes, from Susa to S. Bernard the less, they are called the Greek Alpes: from thence to S. Gothard the Pennine Alpes: next to these follow the Grison Alpes, to the Fountain of the River Piave; that part of them which lie near the City of

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Trent, are called by its Name. Those that follow as far as Dolak, are called the Norician Alpes; from the Fountains of Tajamento to those of the Drave, they are called the Carinthian Alpes; the last are the Julian or Pannonian Alpes. Yet some extend them as far as Dalmatia, and others carry them to Thrace, and the Euxine Sea; but it is the most received opinion, that they end at the Fountains of the River di Kulpe in Liburnia. Thus far Cluvirius.

Alpheus. See Orfea.

Alpon, Vecchio, Alpinus, a River in the Territories of Verona, which falls into the Adige; a River which belongs to the States of Venice.

Alpuxaras, Alpuxarae, a considerable body of Mountains in the Kingdom of Granada in Spain; they were once well peopled, but are almost desolate now; the Moors that inhabited them, having been banished by Philip III.

Alre, Alera, a River in Saxony in Germany. See Allere.

Alrick, or Elrick, Alriens, a River in Twedale in Scotland, which falls into the Tweede.

Als, or Alsits, Alisuntia, a River of the Dukedom of Luxemburg in the Low-Countries; which washeth the Walls of the principal City; and then with the Saar, another River of the same Dukedom, falls into the Moselle above Treves.

Alsatia, called by the Germans Elsass, by the French Alsace, in a Province of Germany in the upper Circle of the Rhein: lying between Schwaben on the East, Lorain on the West; the lower Palatinate, the Territory of Spire, the Dukedom of Bipont, towards the North: and upon the Switzors toward the South. It is divided into three parts. Alsatia, (properly so called) and into the lower and upper Alsatia: which two last parts, with the Bishoprick of Basil, Spire, and Philipsburgh, submitted to Lewis XIII. in 1634. and were yielded to the French, by the Peace of Munster in the Year 1648. The Territories of the Bishop and Chapter of Strasburg, which lie on this side the Rhine, belong to the lower Alsatia.

Alsen, Alsa, or Alsia, is an Island of Denmark in the Baltick Sea, on the Eastern-Shoar of the Dukedom of Sleswick, from which it is parted by a small Channel. At the South end of it stands a magnificent Castle called Suderburgh, which belongs to a branch of the House of Holsatia, with the Title of Duke; and at the North end there is another Castle called Nordoburg, possessed by another Ducal Family. The whole Island is under the Dominion of the D. of Sunderburgh, and is a part of the Dukedom of Sleswick.

Alsford, a Market-Town in Hantshire.

Alster, a River in the Dutchy of Holstein in Germany, falling into the Elb above Hamburgh.

Alssfeldt, one of the antientiest Towns in Hassia. The Burgers of this Town were the first that embraced Luthers Reformation.

Alt, Alta, a small River in Lancashire, falling into the Irish Sea at Ahnouth. § Another in Transylvania. See Olt.

Altahein, Alteimum, an antient Town in the Country of the Grisons.

Altai, a Mountain, the same with Belgon.

Altaich, the Upper and Lower, is the Name of two famous Monastries on the Danow, in the upper Palatinate. They have their Names from Altaha Altachum, or Altaichum, two great old Oaks.

Altamura, or Altavilla, Altus Murus, a Principality and City in the Province of Bari in Naples.

Altem-bourg, vide Aldenburg.

Altembourg, the Name also of a Town in Transylvania, and of another in the Lower Hungary, by the Hungarians call'd Owar▪ • Of another in Bavaria upon the Danube; as likewise of a Ruinated Castle of the Province of Argow in Switzerland, giving the Title of a Count.

Alten, and Altenbotten, a River and Branch of the Norwegian Ocean, in the Province of Werdhuss.

Altino, Altinum, an antient City and Episcopal See within the States of Venice, upon the River Sile, betwixt Padoua and Concordia. Ruined by Attila, King of the Huns. The Bishoprick is Transfer'd to Torcello.

Alton, a Market-Town in Hampshire.

Altorf, Altorfium, the Capital City of the Canton of Ʋri, upon the River Russ in Switzerland, at the Foot of the Alps. § Also a City and University in Franconia, upon the River Schwartzac. The University was Founded by the Magistrates of Nuremberg in 1579. and received its Privileges from the Emperour Rodolph II. in 1581. There is a Castle to it. § A small, but antient Town, within 2 miles of Ravenspurg, in the upper Schwaben in Germany▪ the Guelpian Family were usually Buried here. This Town belongs to the House of Austria, and is the Residence of the high Commissioners of Suevia.

Altringham, a Market-Town in Cheshire, in the Hundred of Buclow.

Alzira, a rich and pleasant (tho small) City in the Kingdom of Valencia in Spain, betwixt two Arms of the River Xucar, over which it has two Bridges; about 5 Leagues from Valencia.

Am, a famous City in Armenia, computed to have 100000 Houses, and 1000 Churches. Taken by the Tartars in 1219.

Amachaches, Amacari, an American People in Brasil, towards St. Sebastian.

Amacusa, an Island and Province under Japan in the East-Indies, having its Capital City of the same Name.

Amadabat, or Armadabat, a Populous City, of great Trade in the Kingdom of Guzurate in the East Indies, which finds out of its own Revenue, for the Service of the Great Mogul, 12000 Horse, and 50 Elephants. The Chan or Governour, assumes the quality of a Prince. It is 18 Leagues from Cambaya, near the River Indus, adorn'd with a Mosque of extraordinary magnificence, where lie the Sepulchres of many of their antient Kings, being heretofore and Idol Temple of the Heathens, till the Turks got the Possession of it.

Amadan, one of the finest and most considerable Cities in Persia, about 9 days Journey from Hispahan, at the Foot of a Mountain.

Amager, o• Amac, Amagria, a Fruitful Island in the Baltick Ocean over against Copenhagen, under the Crown of Denmark.

Amaguana, one of the Luccaye Islands in America, near St. Domingo.

Amalfi, Amalphis, an Archiepiscopal City, and Dukedom of the Kingdom of Naples; but notwithstanding these great Honours, it is little, and ill built. It stands upon the Bay of Salerno, the West part of which is called La Costa d' Amalfi. It is said the Body of S. Andrew is kept here. And in this place Flavio Gioia found out the use of the Compass in the Year 1300. It is •• miles distant from Salerno, and 24 from Naples, to the North-East.

Amana, another of the Luccaye Islands.

Am•nthea, Amantia, a City and Bishops▪ See, under the Archbishop of Regio in Calabria in the Kingdom of Naples, upon the Mediterranean. There is a Castle to it, which, with the adjacent Country, depends upon the Prince of Bisignano.

Amanus, or Amana, a Mountain mentioned Cantic. 4. 8. dividing Cilicia from Syria. Alexander III. overthrew Darius the first time at this passage into Syria, called by the antients Amanicae Portae.

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A•apai•, a Province of new Andalusia in America, near the River Orenoque.

Amara, an high Mountain with a City of the same Name built upon it, which gives Name to a Kingdom, in the very midst of Aethiopia; we are told the Children and Reltations of the Royal Family are here kept in Custody, and that upon the death of their Prince, they fetch another from hence. But others pretend they are kept in Ovohni in the Province of Oinadag. It lies under the Line, in 65 degrees of Longitude.

Amarantes, an antient People of Colchis in Asia Minor, dwelling upon a Mountain of the same Name, whence arises the River Phasis.

Amasia, a City of Cappadocia, in Asia the Less, upon the River Casalmach (Iris,) which falls into the Euxine Sea. This City is called by the Turks Amnasan; it was an Archbishoprick, with four Suffragans. The Turks have been possessed of it three Ages: it is large, the Capital of those Countries, and the Seat of the Beglerbeg of Cappadocia, now called by the Turks Tocat. Strabo, the antient Geographer, who was born here, gives a very particular Account of this place. It now gives the Title of Archbishop to Signior D'Adda, the late Nuncio in England from P. Innocent XI. who promoted him to a Cardinalate amongst Ten others, Feb. 13. 1689. It lies in Long. 65. 52. Latit. 44. 25.

Amath, Epiphania, a Town in Palestine. Built by Amath, the Son of Chanaan; and mentioned by Josephus as extant in his time. Pliny speaks of another in the East-Indies.

Amathonte, Amathusa, an antient City of Cyprus, in which Venus had formerly a Temple Consecrated to her of great Fame: Since a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Nocosia.

Amatique, or S. Thomas, a Town of North America in New-Spain, in the Province de Honduras, 18 Leagues distant from the North Sea; which was Built Anno 1597. There is a River in the same Province called Amatitu•.

Amato. See Lameto.

Amaxie, an antient City of Troas in Asia Minor, where Apollo had a Temple in his Honour. § Another of Cilicia, given by Marc Anthony to Cleopatra.

Amaxobient, an antient People of Sarmatia.

The River of Amazons is one of the biggest Rivers in the World: it belongs to the South America, and riseth near Quitum, a City of Peru, out of two Marshes which lie within two Leagues of each other at the foot of the Mountains of Cordillera; then running to the East, and being augmented by the Streams of Coca, Napo, and others, it passeth the Provinces of Canela and Pacamor, where it receives the River Xauxa or Maranio; so passing many other Provinces after a Course of 1200 Leagues, it falls into the North Ocean between Brasile and Guiana. The mouth of it is very large, and full of Islands: it was first found in 1541. by Joannes Orellano a Spaniard, and therefore some have called it the River of Orellan. Peter Texeira, a Spaniard, has made a very exact Description of it, having spent 10 Months in surveying it, in 1639.

Ambadar, a Town upon the Nile, in the Kingdom of Bagamedri in Abyssinia.

Amba-Geshen, a Mountain almost impregnable in the Confines of Amhara, prodigiously high (in the form of a Castle, built of Free-stone. It is half a Portugal League broad at the top, and at the bottom half a days Journey about.

Ambarri, an antient People amongst the Gauls, mentioned by Cesar.

Amber, Ambrus, a River of Bavaria in Germany. It arises towards Tirol, and falls into the Iser near Landshut.

Amberg, a City of Germany, in the Province of Northgow, upon the River Wils: it belongs now to the Duke of Bavaria; but both it, and the Country about it, did belong to the Elector Palatine. It is 7 German Miles from Ratisbone, and 8 from Noremborg.

Ambiam, a Kingdom of the Higher Ethiopia, between the Kingdoms of Bagmid and Quara. It takes its Name from the head City of it.

Ambiancativa, a City and Kingdom of Ethiopia the Higher, which has the Nile on the East, and the Lake of Amasen on the West.

Ambibarri, an antient People amongst the Gauls, mentioned by Cesar, and supposed to be those of the Diocese (now) of Avranches in Normandy.

Ambie, or Hambie, a Town in Normandy, thought to retain its Name from the Ambibarri.

Amboina, is an Island of the East-Indies: the whole Circuit whereof is 16 Leagues; but yet it is of great Consideration, by reason of the plenty of Spice which it affords. It was discovered by the Portuguese in 1515. In 1605. the Dutch drove out the Portugal Forces, and possessed themselves of Amboina, the principal Town, by one Stephen van Hagan; but that which makes this Island most infamous, was, the Cruelties of the Dutch executed upon the English in 1618. It lies not far from the Moluccoes, and is reckon'd among the Selebes. This Island lies West of Banda 24 Leagues, and very near the Line.

Amboise, Ambacia, is a Town and Castle in Touraine in France, near the Loir, over which it has a Bridge. The Kings of France have often retir'd hither for their Privacy and Pleasure. Charles VIII. was born here 1470. and died here April 7. 1498. But most memorable is this place for the Surprize intended against Francis II. by the Hugonots in 1560. which gave Birth to a lasting War in France. This Town lies 6 Leagues from Tours, and 10 from Blois.

Amboule, a fruitful Valley in the Southern part of the Isle of Madagascar.

Ambracia, a considerable Episcopal City of Epirus, upon a Bay of the same Name, in which the Battel of Actium was sought by the Fleets of Augustus and Mark Antony. This was the Regal City of the famous Pyrrbus, King of Epirus; distant from Prevesa, (Nicopolis) 25 Miles.

Ambres-bury, Ambresburia, a Town in Wileshire, about 5 Miles West of Salisbury, and 2 Miles North of Stone-•enge, seated upon the River Avon; which takes its Name from Ambrosius, the first King of the Britains after the Romans forsook them, who is here supposed to have been slain and buried. Cambden.

Ambrisi, Ambrisius, a River in the remotest Aethiopia, in the Kingdom of Congo: it ariseth in the Mountains near the City of Tinda, and falls into the Aethiopick Ocean between Lelunda and the Lose, about 5 deg. from the Line South.

Ambroise, a small Town at the entrance into Piedmont, upon the River Doria. Near to it stands the celebrated Abby of L'Ecluse, that they say was built by the hands of Angels; belonging to the Benedictines, and one of the four chief Houses in Europe of that Order.

Ambroni, an antient People of Switzerland•, or according to some, of Dauphiné in France on the side of Ambrune. Marius gave them a bloody Overthrow near the little River Arc in Provence, between Aix and S. Maximin, in the year of Rome 652. The Marks of this Victory being yet extant upon the Rests of a Pyramid there.

Ambrune, a City in the Dauphinate of France, call'd in Latin Ebrodunum: It is an Archbishops See, small but strong; seated upon the River Durance, which falls into the Rhosne, one League beneath Avignon: it lies 23 Leagues North-East of Grenoble, and 37 from Li•nt.

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Amel, a Kingdom of Africa upon the Atlantick Ocean, between the Outlets of the River Niger, and on the Western side of it.

Amelant, an Island belonging to the Dutch in the German Ocean, on the Shoars of Friseland.

Amelia, a City of S. Peter's Patrimony in Italy, said to be built 964 years before Perseus: It is an independent Bishops See, about 6 Miles from Narni. The Ameria of the Antients, and the birth-place of that Roscius whose Cause is defended by Cicero.

AMERICA, the Fourth Part of the World, and greater than the other Three. Wholly unknown to us till 1499. when Christopher Columbo, or Colono, a Genouese, first discovered it; at the Charges of Ferdinando and Isabella, King and Queen of Spain. Americus Vespuccio, a Florentine, seven years after being sent by Emanuel, King of Portugal, went further, and discovered the Continent, and from him it has its Name; but it is no less frequently call'd the West-Indies. It lies in length, from North to South, under the shape of two vast Peninsula's, knit together by the Streights of Panama, where the Land is not above 17 Leagues from Sea to Sea. On the Western side it has the Pacifick Ocean; on the East the Atlantick; on the South the Streights of Magellan or Le-Maire; but as to the North, the Bounds of it are not disco•ered, by reason of the great Cold, and nearness to the Northern Pole. Great part of it is under the Spaniards, viz. Peru, New Spain, Terra firma, Paragua, Chili, and many of the Northern and Southern Islands; yet divers of the Maritime parts are under the Portugals, English, French, and Hollanders. Particularly the English, either by being first Occupants, or else by Conquest have made themselves Masters of the large Northern Continents adjoining to Hudson's Bay, New England, Virginia, Mary-Land, Carolina, and of many adjacent Islands: and in the more Southern Parts they are possessed of the wealthy Islands of Jamaica, Barbadoes, Mevis, &c. Those Natives that live in these parts with the Europeans are much civilized; but those that inhabit the Inland Countries retain their antient barbarous Customs. This vast Continent is divided into the Southern and Northern Ameica, by the Bay of Mexico and the Streights of Panama. The Islands which lie about it in both the Oceans, are too numerous to be here recounted.

Amersford, a small Town in the State of Ʋtrecht in Holland, upon the River Em, under the Dominion of the United States, tho once an Imperial City. In 1624. it was taken by the Spaniards, but soon after retaken by the Dutch; and in 1672. it fell into the hands of the French, who deserted it two years after. It lies about 3 Leagues East of Ʋtrecht.

Amersham, a Market-Town in Buckinghamshire. See Agmundesham.

Amhara. See Amara.

Amida. See Caramit.

Amiens, Samarobrina, Samarobriga, the chief City of Picardy, and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Rheims; it stands upon the River Somme, mid-way in the Road between Calais and Paris, about 25 French Miles from each. It was a long time the Frontier Town of France, surprized by the Spaniards in 1597. but soon after retaken by that Victorious Prince Henry IV. Built by Antonius Pius the Emperour, and was call'd at first Samarobriga, that is, the Bridge upon Samara. In the Cathedral Church of Nostre Dame they preserve the Head of S. John Baptist, which they say was found by a Gentleman of Picardy at the taking of Constantinople in 1204. as a most extraordinary Relique. There is an Historical Treatise of this Head, written by the Sieur du Cange. The Country l' Amiennois takes it Name from Amiens.

Amilo, Amulus, a River in Mauritania mention'd by Pliny.

Amiterno, an antient City in the Province of Abruzzo in Italy, and sometime an Episcopal See, which has been translated to Aquila. It was the Birth place of the Historian Salust. The Ruins of a Theatre, a Church, and a great Tower are yet to be seen.

Amititan, or Amuitan, a Lake in New Spain in America.

Amixoeares, an American People of Brasil.

Ammerze, Ammer, a great Lake or Marsh in Bavaria in Germany.

The Ammonites, an antient People of Palestine, descended from Ammon the Son of Lot; in the History of the Old Testament, famous for their Wars with Israel, who gave them several great Defeats under Jephtha, Saul, Joab, Joatham, and Judas Macchabeus. § Also another antient People of Libya in Africa, who lived toward the Temple of Jupiter Ammon.

Amond, Almon, a River in the County of Lothain in Scotland. It falls into Edenburg Fyrth.

Amone, or Lamone, a River arising at the foot of the Apennines in Italy, and passing by Faenza to fall into the Po near Ravenna.

Amorbach, Amorbachium, a Town of Franconia in Germany, upon the River Muldt, under the Elector of Mentz.

Amorium, an antient City of Phrygia in Asia Minor, and sometime an Archiepiscopal See under the Patriarch of Constantinople. Taken and burnt by the Saracens in 840.

The Amorites, an antient People of Palestine, descended from Canaan: who, with their two Kings Sehon and Og, were vanquish'd by the Israelites, and their Country distributed amongst the Tribes of Ruben, Gad, and Manasseh.

Ampatres, an Indian People in the Island of Madagascar.

Ampelusia, Ampelos, a Cape upon the Streights of Gibraltar in Mauritania Tingitana, now call'd Cape Esparto. § Also a Town and Cape in Macedonia, call'd now Capo Canistro. § And a Cape in Crete, now call'd Capo Sagro.

Amphaxe, a small Town upon the Gulph of Contessa in Macedonia. It did antiently give Name to the Country Amphaxites.

Amphipolis. See Emboli.

Amphryse, a River in Thessalia. § Another in Phrygia in Asia Minor, and a Town in Phocis.

Ampthill, a Market-Town in Bedfordshire. The Earl of Alesbury has a noble Seat here.

Ampurdan, a Country of Catalonia; its capital City was the antient Emporiae (Ampurias) upon the Mediterranean, 6 Leagues from Girona; sometime divided betwixt 3 Nations, Spaniards, Greeks, and Romans. Cato obtain'd a signal Victory over the Spaniards here, in the year of Rome 558. It was afterwards the Seat of a Bishop; but being ruin'd in the Wars with the Moors, the See was translated to Girona.

Amrom, or Amrod, an Island towards the Dutchy of Sleswick in Denmark.

Amsterdam, Amstelodamium, is the chief Town of the Province of Holland, seated upon the River Yam. It is a new City, first Fortisied in 1492. but within this last hundred Years it has received its greatest growth, and is now one of the greatest Marts in Europe. It takes its Name from the River Amstel, which glides by it: and has a large, convenient, and a well-traded-haven. The Riches, number of Ships, and Merchants belonging to it, are equal to those of most Cities in Christendom. It was taken by the Hollanlers under Prince William of Nassau, from the Spaniard, in 1578. having been heretofore one of the Imperial Cities: it stands about two Leagues from the Zuider Sea, and four from Ʋtrecht. § The Hollanders have given the Name of Amsterdam to an Island in the Frosen Sea, toward Greenland. To a Town and Port of theirs in their Colonies in the Northern America. To an Island in the Indian Ocean, betwixt Madagascar and new Holland. And lastly, to another Island by them discover'd towards Japan.

Amudez, a Town in the Kingdom of Tunis in Africa.

Amurgos, or Murgos, an Island in the Archipelago, with a City that has sometime been the Seat of a Bishop. Simonides the antient Poet was born here.

Amyclea, an antient City in the Terra di Lavoro in Italy; whose surprisal and destruction by the Enemy, occasioned that known Proverb, Amyclas perdidit silentium.

Amycles. See Scala Marmorea. § The Name also of an antient City in the Morea, where Apollo had his Temple.

Amydon, an antient City of Macedonia, upon the River Axïus.

Amyrus, a River of Thessalia.

Amyzon. See Mezo.

Ana, a Town of Arabia Deserta, upon the River Euphrates.

Anabagatha, a City and an Archiepiscopal See, under the Patriarch of Antioch in Asia.

Anacandrians, Indians in the Isle of Madagascar.

Anachimoussi, other Indians in the same.

Anactoire, an antient City of Epirus upon the Bay of Ambracia: the Anactorium of the Antients. And another in Ionia.

Anacuies, Indians of Brasil.

Anaf, or Anfa, a Town, sometime the Capital of the Province of Temesen, in the Kingdom of Fez upon the Atlantick Ocean. Burnt by Alphonsus King of Portugal in 1468.

Anaghelome, a small Town in the County of Down in ulster in Ireland upon the River Ban.

Anagni, or Agnani, a City and Bishops See in the States of the Church in Italy. Rich and powerful in the time of the old Romans; now almost ruin'd and little inhabited.

Anagyrus, a Tract in Achaia; so call'd from the growth of Bean-Cod Trees there.

Anandale, is a County in the West of Scotland, upon the River Solway, which parts Scotland from England: It takes its Name from the River Anan, as doth also the principal Town in it, which (saith Camden) lost all the Glory and Beauty it had by the English War in the Reign of Edward VI.

Anapanomene, a Fountain of Epirus mention'd by Pliny.

Anaph, an Island in the Archipelago, now call'd Nanfio.

Anaplyste, an antient Maritim Town in Greece near Athens.

Anapo, Anapus, a River of Sicily. § Also another of Epirus.

Anapuia, a Province of Venezuela in the South America.

Anaquito, a Country in the Province of Quito in Peru; where the two Parties of Almagra and Pizarro (joynt-discovers of Peru) engag'd each other in Battel in 1546. See Almagra.

Anatolia, Asia Minor, call'd by the Turks, Natolie, is a considerable part of Asia, extending it self Westward to the Shoars of Greece. It is bounded on the North with the Euxine or Black Sea; on the East it is separated from Syria and Armenia Major by the Euphrates; on the South it has the Mediterranean; and on the North it is severed from Greece and Thrace by the Bosphorus and many other Seas. It is all of it in miserable Slavery under the Turks, who have strangly depopulated, impoverish'd, and ruin'd this once most rich and powerful Country.

Anatolico, A Village of the Province of Despotato (or the antient Aetolia) in Greece: built in a Marsh like Venice.

Anazarbe, See Aczar.

Anazzo, Gnazzi, or Torre d'Anasso; a City in the Province of Bari, in the Kingdom of Naples; supposed to be the ruinated Egnatia, whose Episcopal See is transferr'd to Monopoli.

Ancam, Ancamia; an Island on the Coast of China to the Province of Canton.

Ancamares or Anoamares, Indians in the South America, along the River Madera.

Ancaster, the antient Crocolana or Crorolana; a Town upon Lincoln Heath, within 12 Miles of Lincoln.

Ancenis, Ancenesium, a City in Britany in France upon the Loyre. The Castle that it had is ruin'd.

Anchiale, the same with Kenkis. § Also a City of Cilicia in Asia, remarkable for the Tomb and Statue of the Effeminate Sardanapalus.

Anchisa, a part of the Mountain Atlas.

Anchora, Asine, an antient small City in the Morea near Modon,

Anclam,, Anclamum, a very strong Town in Pomerania, under the Government of the King of Sweden, upon the River Pene. It was taken from the Swedes by the Duke of Brandenburg in 1676. and restored to them in 1679. It lies 8 German Miles South-East from Stetin.

Ancona, the principal City of Marca Anconitana; which Territory takes its name from this City: it stands upon the Adriatick Sea, near the Promontory of S. Ciriaco. Built by the Syracusans, who fled hither to avoid the fury of their Tyrant. The Haven was built by Trajan the Emperor, and is one of the fairest in the World, but not so safe as capacious In 1532. Pope Clement the VII. built here a a very strong Castle, upon pretence of securing the City against the Turks, but in reality to bring it into a greater subjection to the Popedom, in whose Dominions it is; tho formerly a kind of a Republick: it has a Bishop who is not under any Archbishop. It is distant from Rome 110 Miles to the North-East, and from Ʋrbino 53 Miles to the South-East.

Ancyra, See Engury

Anczakrich, Anczacricus, a River of Ʋkrane in Poland, which falls into the Black Sea. within one Polish Mile of Oczakow, which is now in the Possession of the Turcks, and stands near the Mouth of the Neister, [Borysthenes.]

Andaguaslas, Indians of Peru in America, between the Rivers Abanca and Xauxa.

Andaluzia, Vandalitia, a Kingdom in the South of Spain: bounded on the North with the Province of Estremadura and New Castile; on the East with the Kingdom of Granada; on the South with the Ocean and the Mediterranean, and on the West with the Atlantick Ocean and Algarve in Portugal: This is the most rich and fertile Country in all Spain The Moors erected in it two Kingdoms, that of Corduba, and that of Sevil (Hispalis,) which were both re-conquered and added to Castile by Ferdinand II. in 1248. It is divided into two parts by the River Guadalquivir (Betis) and the chief City is Sevil.

New Andalusia, a Province of the Terra-firm• in America, between Venezuela and Guiana. The chief City of it is new Corduba. They used to fish for Pearl upon those Coasts.

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Anoanagar, a City in the Kingdom of Decan in the East-Indies, almost ruin'd.

Andance, Andancia, a small Town in Vivarets in Languedoc in France; where the River Dome falls into the Rhosne.

Andarge, a River arising in the Valleys of Ʋns•an in France, which falls into the Arron near Verneuill.

Andaye, a Town in France upon the frontiers of Spain, two Leagues from S. Jean de Luz.

Andeli, Andelium, Andeliacum, a Town in Normandy upon the Seine. Anthony of Bourbon King of Navarre and Father to Henry IV. dyed here of the Wounds he received at the Siege of Rouen.

An•e••e, a River of France, arising hard by la Ferte, which falls into the Seine at l'Arche.

Andelot, a Town in Champagne in France, upon the River Rougn•n▪ of extraordinary Privileges.

Andema•n, the name of halt a dozen Islands in the Gulph of Ganges, near the Kingdom of Pegu, in the East-Indies.

Andera, a City of Phrygia in Asia Minor.

Anderna•, Antenacum, a Town upon the Rhine, in the Archbishoprick of Cologne.

Anderskaw or Andershouw, a great Monastery heretofore, now a strong Castle in the Island of Seeland in Denmark; delicately built. Here Frederick II. dyed, in 1548.

Andes, called by some the Cordillera's, is one of the vastest and highest Ridges of Mountains in the World: they begin in the North part of the Kingdom of Peru, and are continued from thence, without any Interruption, to the Streights of Magellan by the space of 1000 Spanish Leagues: much of the same height, and seldom above 20, 30 or 40 Leagues from the Pacifick Ocean: many of them burn perpetually towards Chili.

Andiatoroque, a Lake of New France in America

Andore, a fruitful Valley of the Pyranees in Catalognia.

Andover, is a Corporation in the North-west part of the County of Hampshire, which sends Burgesses to Parliament, and gives the Title of a Viscount to the Honorable Earls of Berkshire, now in the Possession of Tho. Howard: it is seated about 18 Miles from Southampton to the North-west.

Andra or A•dra, a River upon the Coast of Guinea in Africa.

Andragiri or Gudaviri, a City and Kingdom in the Island of Sumatra in Asia, almost under the Equinoctial.

Andres, Androsia, a City of Galatia near Engury, mention'd by Ptolomy.

S. Andrews, [Andreapolis,] a City of Fife in the South of Scotland, North of the Frith of Edenburgh, upon the German Ocean, into which it hath a fair Prospect, and upon which it hath a large Haven. The ancient name of this place was Regimund: it hath an University, erected by James I. An. Dom. 1426. It is also an Archbishops See, erected by Pope Sixtus IV. An. 1471. instead of Aberneath. The Archbishops of all Scotland were heretofore under the Archbishop of York, till James III. of Scotland representing to the Pope that there were frequent Wars between England and Scotland, obtain'd from the said Pope, That the Archbishop of S. Andrew should be independent Primate of Scotland, in the twel•th year of his Reign: yet Innocentius VIII. who immediatly succeeded him, obliged this Primate and his Successors to observe the laudable Customs of the famous Metropolitan Church of Canterbury. This City in 1651. not surrendring upon the first Summons, to our English victorious Rebels was sin'd Five hundred Pounds; but had it remitted upon shewing they were poor Scholars. It is 38 Miles from Edenburgh, to the North-east, and 23 from Aberneath to the East: it lies in Lon. 17. 28. Lat. 57. 46.

Andro, Andros, Andria, an Island in the Archipelago, with a City of the same name, which is an Episcopal See under Athens, inhabited by Greeks, Latins and Turks. The Antients call this Island, Cauros, Lysia, Nonagria, and by several other names.

Androgynes, an antient People of Africa, composed they say of both Sexes; their right Breast a Mans, the left a Womans. Pliny and Aristotle.

Androsen or Androsen, Androsa, a small Town in the County of Cunningham in Scotland, upon the Western Shoar.

Anduze, Andusa ad Gardonem, a Town in Languedoc in France, upon the River Gardon; heretofore fortified; demolished by Lewis XIII.

Anenas or Andenas, an Island upon the Coast of Norway, Southward.

Anet, a Town in the Isle of France upon the River Eure, adorn'd with a Castle of extraordinary Magnificence, which was built in the Reign of Henry II. It gives the Title of a Principality to the Duke of Vendosme.

Angamala, a City in the Promontory of Malabar, in the East-Indies, upon the River Aicot, as likewise a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Goa, till Pope Paul V. in 1609. changed it into the Archiepiscopal See of Cranganor, and constituted that as Metrapolitan of the Christians of S. Thomas,

Angediva, a small Island under the Portuguese, in the Kingdom of Decan in the East-Indies.

Angeles, Angelepolis, or Puebla de los Angeles, a City in a Province of the same name, (otherwise called Tlascala by the Indians) in New Spain in America; built in 1531. by the Spaniards, who have established an Episcopal See in it under the Archbishop of Mexico.

Angermund, vid. Tangermund.

Angers, Juliomagus, in Caesar Andes, is the Head of the Dukedom of Anjou, a large well built City, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tours. It is Seated on the River Sar•re, in a very good Air; and is also an University, founded by Lewis II. Duke of Anjou, the Son of King John of France, Anno 1388. This City is 26 Leagues from Tours towards the West, and within 1 League of the Loire. In 1685. Lewis XIV. established by his Letters Patents an Academy here of Thirty ingenious Persons, who are all to be born in the Province of Anjou, under the Title of the Royal Academy of Angers. The famous Berengarius was Arch-deacon here.

Angitia, the antient name of Selva d'Albi, a Forest between the City of Albi in Languedoc, and the Lake Fucinus.

Anglesey, Mona, called by the Welch, Mon or Tir-mon, and Anglesey from the English after they conquered it: it is compassed on all sides with the Irish Sea, which separates it from the County of Carnarvan in Wales, by so narrow a Channel, that in some places it may be forded at low Water: it is in compass sixty Miles, making one of the Counties of Wales, and the most fruitful. This Island was the Seat of the Brittish Druides, subdued for the Romans by Suetonius Paulinus, in the Reign of Nero; but he not being able to perfect the Conquest, Julius Agricola his Successor, did it effectually. Edward I. brought it in Subjection to the Crown of England in 1282, till which time it was under the Kings of North-Wales. The Right Honorable Arthur Annesly, a great lover of Learning and Books, was lately Earl of this County.

Angola, a Kingdom in Africa, upon the South of the Kingdom of Congo.

Angote, a City and Kingdom in the Upper Aethiopia.

Angoulesme, Engolisma, is an Episcopal City in Aquitaine in France, under the Archbishop of Bourdeaux; it stands upon the River Charme, which falls into the Ocean right over against the Island of Orleron. There is belonging to it also a Dukedom which is bounded upon the North with Poictou, upon the East with Limosin, upon the South with Pericort, and upon the West with Xantogn. This Dukedom is call'd by the name of Angoumois.

Angra, the chief City of the Island of Tercera, and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Lisbon.

Anguien, Enguien, Angia, a small City in Hainault, between Mons and Brussels. It has the Honor to give the Title of a Baron to the Princes of the House of Bourbon.

Anguilla, is one of the Caribby Islands planted by the English: it lies in 18 deg. 21 min. Nor. Lat. and 330 of Longit. in length about 10 Leagues, in breadth 3. formerly call'd Snake Island, from its shape. The Tobacco of this Island is well esteemed.

Anguillara, a Town and Lake in the Padouan in the States of Venice. § Also a Town in the States of the Church, upon the Lake of Bracciano.

Anhalt, a City almost ruin'd, and a Principality, but little considerable, in the Upper Saxony in Germany, watered by the River Sala. The House of Anhalt has possessed the Electorates of Brandenburgh and Saxony for several Ages.

Anian, a Streight, supposed to be between Asia and America, but could never yet be discovered where or whether there be any such Passage or no: It is thought to lie North of China and Japan, and to disjoyn the Eastern part of Asia from the Western part of America.

Anian•u, a City in the Province of Chuqnami in China.

Aniava, Aniwa, a Promontory discovered by the Hollanders in the Terra de Jesso to the North of Japan.

Anigre, Anigrus, a River of the Morea.

Animacha, a River arising in the Kingdom of Callecutt in the East-Indies, which falls into the Ocean six Leagues off Cranagor, giving its Name to a Town in its way.

Anjou, Andegavia, is one of the noblest Dukedoms of France: bounded on the East with La Beausse, on the West with Britain and part of Poictou, on the South, in part by Berry, and in part by Poictou, in which Circumference are included Anjou, Tourein, and Maine. This Country is for the most part very fruitful and pleasant, especially in Tourein, and along the Loire. Anjou, properly so call'd, is seated between Tourein and Maine, and was so call'd from the Andegavi, the old Inhabitants of it. Henry II. King of England, was Earl of Anjou by Inheritance from his Father, as he was K. of England by Maud his Mother, Daughter to Henry I. King John, his Son, lost it; and ever since it has been annexed to the Crown of France, or given to the younger Sons of that Royal Family.

Anna. See Ana. The Name also of a Town upon the River Astan in Arabia deserta.

Annaberg, a City of Misnia in Germany upon the River Schop, near Marienberg.

Annacious, Annacieugi, a People of Brasil in America towards Porto Seguro.

Annagh, a Town in the County of Cavan in Ʋlster in Ireland. § Another in the County of Down.

Anneci, Annecium, a neat City in Savoy, with a Castle. It is the Capital of the Dukedom of Geneva, seated upon a Lake of the same name; where the River Tioud issueth out of the Lake at the foot of the Mountain Saymenoz: heretofore greater, but now it is little, and not well inhabited, tho the See of the Bishops of Geneva has been translated thither above 100 years. In this place resteth the Body of S. Francis de Sales, who was Bishop and Prince of Geneva, near the time of the Reformation of Calv•• This City is 6 Leagues from Geneva, South.

Annibi, a Lake of North Tartary in Asia, where there are Mountains of the same name.

Annobon, an Island upon the Coast of Guiney, 10 Leagues in circuit towards the Isle of S. Thomas. The Portuguese gave it that name, because they discovered it upon a New-Years Day.

Annonay, Annonaeum, Annoniacum, a City with the Title of a Marquisate in the Province of Vivarets in France, upon the River Deume.

Anone, Anonium, or Roque de Non, a Town in the Milanese in Italy upon the River Tana••, almost ruin'd.

Anossi, Carcanossi, Androbeizaba, a Province of the Isle of Madagascar. There are some Colonies of French in it.

Anot, a small City of Provence in France.

Anoth, one of the Scilly Islands.

Anpadore, Cataractus, a River of Candia.

Ansa, a River in the Province of Friuli in Italy. It passes by Aqueleia to the Adriatique Ocean.

Anse, a small City in the Province of Lyennois in France. 4 Leagues from Lyons. Made a Roman Garrison in the time of Augustus, who gave it the name of Antium.

Ansene, Angria, a small City in Aegypt, 20 Leagues from Cairo, near the Nile.

Ansianactes, a People of the Western part of the Isle of Madagascar.

Ansiquains, Ansicani, a People of Abyssinia, commended for their Fidelity and Honesty.

Anslo, or Opslo, Anslooa, a City of the Province of Aggerhuys in Norway, with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Drontheim, seated upon a Bay of the same name, 35 Miles from the Baltick Sea, Northward: it has a Castle near it call'd Aggerhuslo. This City was miserably ruin'd by Fire, in the Reign of Christian IV. who rebuilt it in Anno 1614. and call'd it Christianstad from his own Name. In this City were celebrated the Nuptials of James I. King of England, with the Lady Ann, Daughter of Frederick II. King of Denmark, Novemb, 23. 1589. It stands 56 German Miles from Stockholme, We•t.

Anspach. See Onspach.

Antavares, a People on the South part of the Isle of Madagascar. The French had settled themselves amongst them, and were afterwards Massacred by them.

Ante, Anta, a River in Normandy which washeth the Town of Failaise, and 3 Leagues lower falls into the Dive, which last falls into the British Sea, 4 Leagues East of Caen.

Ante, Anta, a small Town and Port in Guiny in Africa, 3 Leagues from the Cape of Three Heads East.

Antego, one of the Caribby Islands plac'd in 16 d. 11. •. of Northern Lat. and 339 of Long. inhabited by the English for some years, and is about 6 or 7 Leagues in length and breadth; difficult of Access, and not much stor'd with Springs, which the Inhabitants supply by Ponds and Cisterns.

Antequera, a small ill built City of New Spain in America, 80 Leagues from Mexico, which in 1535. was made a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mexico, by Pope Paul III. § Also a small Town in the Kingdom of Granada in Old Spain.

Antessa, Antissa, an antient City in the Island of Lesbos, which was heretofore a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mitylene. Ovid speaks of it, as also the antient Geographers, under the notion of its being it self an Island in their times: whence some believe, that the Canal betwixt Lesbos and it, has, by degrees, filled up and united with the Island of Lesbos.

Antibes, a Town and Port in Provence in France, which was heretofore a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Ambrun; but the See is since transferred to la Grace. There is a Castle to it.

Anticyra, an Island of Thessalia, famous for its Hellebore.

Antifello, Antiphellus, an antient City of Lysia in Asia upon the Mediterranean, and sometime the See of a Bishop.

Antigonia, the capital City of the Province of Chaonia in Epirus: Heretofore considerable. § Another of Macedonia. § Also an Island discovered by the Portuguese near the Island of S. Thomas.

Antilaban, an inhabited Mountain in Syria over against Mount Libanus.

Antilles, the same with the Caribby Islands.

Antinoe, Antios, Antinopolis, a City of Aegypt, 6 Leagues from the Nile, and heretofore a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Thebes. It had Twelve Religious Houses in it for Women in the time of Palladius. Now utterly ruin'd.

Antiochia Ciliciae, was a City of Asia the Less in Cilicia, a Bishops See, seated upon the River Pyramus; but what it is now is not known.

Antiochia Meandri, See Tachiali.

Antiochia Comagenae, was a City and a Bishops See at the foot of Mount Taurus in Syria, between Anazarbe and Antioch upon the Euphrates. Some say it still retains its name.

Antioch upon the Euphrates. This City is mentioned by Pliny, and upon the reverse of a Medal of the Emperor Severus. Perhaps the same with that which the Syrians call Arados in Stephanus; who recounts 10 others of this name, of less importance: the places of Situation are now unknown.

Antiochia in America, a small City in the Kingdom of Popayan in the South America, 15 Leagues from S. Foy.

Antiochia Pisidiae, mention'd Acts 13. 14. was afterwards an Archbishops See; but it is now a mean Village, and called by the Turks Versacgeli, or as others say Antachio: it is distant from Iconium 60 Miles North-West, from Ephesus 160 East.

Antipatride, Antipatris, a City of Palestine, built by Herod the Great, and so call'd in Honor of Antipater his Father. Baldwin I. King of Jerusalem took it in 1101. and erected the Church into an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Caesarea: in 1265. the Saracens took it again and have quite ruined it. It stood 6 Leagues from Joppe.

Antiscoti, or the Isle of Assumption, an Isle in the Gulph of S. Lawrence in New France in America, where the French have establish'd some Colonies.

Antium, Antio Rovinato, an ancient City of Italy, the Capital of the Volsci; Famous in the Roman times for a Temple consecrated to Fortune: Sometime also a Bishops See, but since ruined by the Saracens.

Antivari, Antibarum, a Metropolitan City of Dalmatia, seated upon a Mount upon the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea, under the Dominion of the Turks. The Archbishop of this City had 9 suffragan Bishops under him▪ it is distant from Budoa West, and Dolcingo East, 10. Miles; from Scutari South, 18 Miles.

Antongil, a Bay and Country in the Northern part of the Isle of Madagascar.

Antrim, the most Northern County in the Province of Ʋlster in Ireland; divided into 9 Baronies, which are bounded on the East by S. Georges Channel, on the the West by the River Banne, that parts it from London-Derry; on the North the Deucalidonian Ocean, on the South the County of Down. The chief Town is Carrick-fergus.

Antron, an antient Town of Thessalia. The Asses of this Country were said to be prodigiously great, whence the Proverb Asinus Antronius, for a very ignorant Person.

Antros, a small Island at the Mouth of the Garonne, on the Coast of Guienne in France, where stands the celebrated Tour de Cordovan, to light the Vessels that go to Bordeaux.

Anzerma, or S. Anna d' Anzerma, a small City in the Kingdom of Popayan in America.

Aoaxe, a River of Abissinia in Africa; it riseth in the Borders of the Provinces of Xao and Oggo, and being augmented with the Streams of Machi, it runs Eastward through the Kingdom of Adel; the Capital of which, Avea Guerela, being watered by it, it falls into the Gulph of Arabia.

Aonia, a mountainous Country of Baeotia in Greece with a River of the same Name:

Aorna, Aornus, a City of Bactria and a very strong rocky Castle in the Indies, both taken heretofore by Alexander the Great. § Also a River of Arcadia, and a certain contagious Lake of Epirus, and a Lake in Italy, mention'd by Virgil.

Aouste, Augusta praetoria, a City and Dukedom of Piedinont: It is an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Tarantaise, and a part of the Dominions of the Duke of Savoy: it stands in a mountainous, but fruitful Soil; at the foot of the Grecian Alpes, upon the River Doria, where it receives the River Bauteggio, which do both fall into the Po. This City was a Roman Colony, call'd by Pliny, Italiae Limes, the Frontier of Italy. It is 50 Miles from Turin, East. S. Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, was born here.

Apalaches, Apalachites, Indians of Florida, dwelling in several distinct Provinces near the Mountains of Apala•ai. Their capital City is Melitot in the Province of Bemarin. Their King resides there, who acts the Sovereign over all the Chiefs of the other Provinces.

Apaches, a numerous People of New Mexico in America, divided by the Spaniards into four sorts of Nations, the Country is so vast where they live, and Fortified with Castles upon the Mountains.

Apamea, See Hamen.

Apamea C•lene, a City and an Archbishops See in Phrygia, of good Antiquity; now little inhabited, and almost ruin'd. The Turks call it Miarlea. § Also two other Cities in Mesopotamia; one upon Tigris, and one upon the Euphrates.

Apantum, a Province of the Terra firma in America.

Ap•r••, a Province of Peru in America, near the River of Amazons.

Apennino, Apenninus, a known and very great Chain of Mountains, which divide Italy into two parts: it is 700 Miles long, and begins at the Maritim Alpes, and extends itself to the utmost bounds of Calabria; where one Branch of them ends at Capo dell' Arme, 12 Miles East of Reggio; and the other Branch at Capo di Santa Maria in Apulia, at the Mouth of the Gulph of Venice. In all this long Course there is only the River Offanto (Aufidus) that crosseth it near the City Conza. It has divers names given it in several places.

Apenrade, Apenrora, a little City of South Jutland, in the Dukedom of Sleswick, near the Baltick Sea; it belongs to that Duke with the adjacent Territory, and is distant from Hader Sleven, South, 3 Danish Miles. It has a large Haven, secured from the South-East Wind by the Island of Alsen.

Apetous, Apetubae, a People of Brasil in America.

Aphace, a place in Palestine, Dedicated sometime to the Worship of Venus in all maner of Luxury.

Aphet•s, an antient City of the Province of Magnesia in Thessaly, upon the Gulph now called del Vallo.

Aphrodisium, a Cape now call'd Cap de Creuz, upon the Mediterranean, near Rosas in Catalogna.

Aphytis, an antient City of Thrace, heretofore famous for a Temple of Apollo.

Apina, an antient City of Puglia in Italy, long since ruin'd.

Apiola, an antient City of Italy. Taken by Tarquin.

Apodisia, Aphrodisias, a City of Caria in Asia Minor; heretofore a Bishops-Sée, under the Archbishop of Stauropolis. And the Birth-place of Alexander Aphrodisaeus; now almost Ruin'd.

Appenzel, Abbatiscella, a very rich Burrough in Switzerland, and the Head of the last of the Cantons, it not joyning with them till 1513. It has its Name from this Town, and was once a part of the Jurisdiction of the Abby of S. Gall. It is seated at the Rise of the River Sintra; distant from Curia 12 French Leagues, from Zurich 6 German Miles Eastward. The Inhabitants of this Canton are mix'd, of the Protestant and Romish Religion.

Appleby, Aballaba, the County Town of Westmorland, almost incompassed with the River Eden; an antient Roman Town, and the Station of the Aurelian Moors. It has a pleasant Situation, being built upon the easie Ascent of a rising Hill; with only one Street, and that not mightily inhabited: yet for the great Antiquity of it, the Assizes and Sessions are kept here; and it has the right of sending two Burgesses to the Parliament. William, King of Scotland, surprized this Town, but King John soon after recovered it again.

Appledore, a Market-Town in Kent, in the Hundred of Scray Lath, upon the River Rother.

Apollonia Mygdonia. See Serres

Apollonia in Polinam. See Pollina.

Apollonia Magna, Anthium, now call'd Sissopoli, is a City in a small Island in the Euxine Sea, near Thrace. Heretofore a Colony of the Milesians, and had a Temple to Apollo in it. § The same Name was born by a City upon Mount Athos in Macedonia, and now call'd Erissos; by two others in the Island of Crete; by four in Asia Minor; by one in Palestine, near Joppe; one in Syria, near Haman; one in Caelesyria; one in Egypt; besides others, of which we have nothing extant.

Aprio, Apros, Apri, a City of Thrace, and sometime an Archiepiscopal See, under the Patriarch of Constantinople; so beloved by the Emperour Theodosius, that it was also call'd Theodosiopolis from him.

Apte, Apta, Julia, a City and Bishoprick in Provence upon the River Calavone, at the foot of the Mountains. This Bishop is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Aix: it is a small place, distant from Avignon 9 Miles to the East.

Aptera, Apteron, Atteria, a City in the Island of Crete.

Apuies, Apui, Indians of Brasil in America.

Apulia, a Province of the Kingdom of Naples, bounded with Abruzzo on the East, with Terra di Otranto, and the Adriatick Sea on the North; and on the South with Calabria. The Italians do call this commonly Puglia, as the French call it Poui••e.

Apulia Daunia, is that part of Puglia which lieth next to Abruzzo, from which it is parted by the River Fortore; and so extendeth Eastward as far as the River Lofanto, where it meets with Peucetia.

Apulia Peucetia, extendeth from the Banks of Lofanto to the Land of Otranto, East.

Apurima, a River of Peru in America, arising at the foot of the Andes, from whence it passeth to Cusco and falls into the Xauxa, after a course of 60 Leagues.

Apuro•aca, Capera Vaca, or Piragua, a great River in Guiana in America.

Aqua Dolce, Glecinero, Athiras, a River of Thrace falling into the Propontis by Selivrea.

Aquapendente. See Acquapendente.

Aqua-sparta, a small City in the Dukedom of Spoleto in Italy, upon a Hill, giving the Title of a Dutchy to a noble Family.

Aqua Uiva, and Aqua Via, a Town in the Province of Bars, in the Kingdom of Naples; giving its Name to an illustrions Family in that Kingdom.

Aqui, and Aquita, a City and Province in the Island of Niphonia, belonging to Japan.

Aquigires, Aquigirae, Indians of Brasil in America, towards the Praefecture of S. Esprit.

Aquila, the chief City of Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples. It is a Bishops See, once under the Archbishop of Chieti, but now exempted from his Jurisdiction: seated on a Hill, and has a strong Castle in it; the River Pescara flows near it▪ it is 60 Miles distant from Rome, to the South-East.

Aquileja, is call'd by the French Aquilee, by the Germans Aglar, and Aglareu: a Patriarchal City of Italy; in antient times very great, and one of the principal Cities of Italy, the Residence of some Emperours. In 452. Attila, King of the Huns, took and destroyed it, after a Siege of 3 Years: after this, being rebuilt by Narsetes, it was again Burnt and Ruin'd by the Lombards in 590. and was after this rebuilt by Popon•, Patriarch of it. In antient times it was under the temporal Jurisdiction of these Patriarchs; but being afterwards taken by the Dukes of Austria, it remains to this day in their hands. It is now almost desolate, by reason of its bad Air, troublesom Rubbish and Ruins, and the Vicinity of Venice, which draws all Trade from it. This City lies between the River Isonzo to the East, and Ansa to the West; and is not above 9 Miles distant from the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea on the North. It lies in 36. 10. Long. and 45. 45. Lat.

Aquino, Aquinum, a very antient City in the Terra di Lavoro, in the Kingdom of Naples: a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Capona, and heretofore a Roman Colony. Almost Ruin'd, and little consiberable now, but for its being the Birth-place of S. Thomas Aquinas, as formerly of the Poet Juvenal.

Aquisgrana, Aquisgranum. See Aix la Chapelle.

Aqutaine, Aquatania, a third Part of the antient Gaul, supposed to be so call'd from the abundance of its Waters. The Emperour Augustus divided it into Prima and Secunda, including within both, Bordeaux, Agne, Angoulesme, Xaintes, Poitiers, Perigueux, Bourges, Clermont, Rodes, Albi, Cahors, Limoges, Mende, and Puy. Whereunto the Emperour Adrian added a third Province, by the Name of Novempopulonia. See Gascoigne. This Country continued in Obedience to the Roman Empire, till Honorius about the Year 412. yielded part thereof▪ to Athaulfe, King of the Goths, whose Successours took occasion thereupon to Usurp the whole. About the Year 630. it came into the Possession of the Crown of France entirely: The Gascoigners soon revoulted, giving to Eudos their Leader, the Title of Duke of Aquitain; which brought on a War that was not ended till the powerful Reign of Charles the Great. In 778. Charles the Great erected Aquitaine into a Kingdom, in the Person of Lewis the Debonnaire his Son. It continued a Kingdom about 100 Years, and then broke into particular Fiefs and Hereditaments. In 1152. it came to the Crown of England, as Dukes of Aquitaine, in the right of Eleanor Wife to Henry II. For its fortunes since, see Gascoigne.

Aracu•es, a People of Chili, which are the most Warlike of all the Americans.

Arach, Petra, the chief City of Arabia Petraea, once the capital City of Moab, and then call'd Rabath; afterwards an Archbishops See, under the Patriarch of Jerusalem, being taken from the Patriarch of Alexandria; it was also once call'd Cyriacopolis, and Mons Regalis; by some now, Krach: it stands upon the Confines of Palestine, near the Brook Zareth, and lies in 66. 45. Long. and 30. 20. Lat.

Arad, Caucasus, is a Mountain of Asia, which the Fable of Prometheus has made very well known. It is that part of Mount Taurus which lies betwixt the Euxine or Black Sea on the West, and the Caspian Sea on the East; including the Mengrelians (Coraxicos) Caitachians (Heniochos) and the Achaeans (Achaeos.) It is continued also amongst the Asiatick Tartars, as far as to the Cimmerian Bosphorus, now commonly call'd Cocas. This Mountain is very high, and always covered with Snow. It is call'd by Hayton, the Armenian Cochias; by others Albsor; by Niger, Adazer; by Circassians, Salatto; and by the French, le mont de Circassie.

Aradus, an Island and City of Phaenicia in the Syrian Ocean over against Tortosa: sometime the Seat of a Bishop, till it fell under the Tyranny of the Turks.

Arafat, a Mountain within a League or two of Mecca in Arabia. On the top of it there is a Mosque, whither the Mahometan Pilgrims repair tofinish their Devotions, after their performance of the Ceremonies of Mecca. It is the same, they say, that Abraham would have Sacrificed his Son Isaac upon: in Commemoration whereof, before they part, they kill some Sheep in the Valley of Mina below; and what they present not amongst their Friends, they distribute to the Poor, by the name of Corban, that is, their Oblation.

Aragon. See Arragon.

Arais, Araxes. See Achlar.

Arakil-Uanc, a Celebrated Village and Monastery at the foot of Ararat in Armenia, in great esteem amongst the People there; who believe it to be the place where Noah, after the Deluge, retired to offer his Sacrifices of Thanksgiving to God for his miraculous Preservation.

Aran, Arania, is a very fruitful Vale in Aquitain •n France, which lies between the Pyrenean Hills and the County de Bigorre, of which it was a part tiil 1192. when Alphonsus, King of Arragon, seised on it (as Peter de Marca saith) and annexed it to the Kingdom of Arragon, tho it lies on the French side of the Pyraenei. In this Vale riseth the River Garonne, one of the greatest in France; and there are in it 33 Castles or Villages, of which Viella is the chief.

Aranios, Aranus, a River of Transylvania arising near Clausenberg, and afterwards falling into the Mash.

Arasch, a Town and Port in the Province of Asgar in the Kingdom of Fez: fortified with a strong Wall and a Castle.

Arauco, a City, River, and Valley, in the Kingdom of Chili in America. The Natives had maintain'd a War against the Spaniards above 100 Years, before a Peace was made in 1650.

Araxai, Araxius, a River of Brasil in America, which falls into the Mongagombe in the Province of Pairaba.

Araxes. See Achlar.

Arba, or Arbee, a Town in Palestine, call'd in Scripture Hebron and Mamre, being the Sepulture of the Patriarchs. § Also an Island and City, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Zara, in the Adriatique Ocean, upon the Coast of Dalmatia.

Arbela, an antient City of Sicily. The People thereof were stupid to a Proverb.

Arbelles, a Town in Assyria upon the River Lycus; where Alexander M. entirely defeated Darius the Third time, in the 423 Year of Rome, and 331 before the coming of our Saviour.

Arbogen, or Arbo, a Town upon the River of the same name, in the Province of Westmania in Sweden.

Arbon, Arborfoelix, a City of Switzerland under the Bishop of Constance.

Arboriches, the antient People of the Province of Zeland in Holland.

Arbois, a Town in the Franche▪ County, famous for the good Wines it yields.

Arc, or L'Arc, a little River of Provence in France, which passes by Aix to the Berre.

Arcadia, Pelasgia, an antient Province of Peloponesus, (or the Morea) now call'd by the Turks Tzaconia, with a City of the same name. In the Year of Rome 386, the Lacedemonians gave the People of this Country a bloody Overthrow; by reason their Sacrilege in Pillaging the Temple of Jupiter Olympius had contracted upon them the hatred of all Greece. § Also the Name of a City heretofore famous in the Island of Crete, with a Suffragan Bishops See thereto. The Gulph of Arcadia is the same with Cyparissus Sinus of the antients.

Arcani, Apsarus, a River of the Mengrelians, which riseth from the Mountains of Chielder in Armenia Major; and running Northward, falls into the Euxine Sea at Arcani, a Town of Mengrelia, seated upon the Sea between Trapezunt, (from which it is distant 150 Miles), and Phazzeth a City of Mengrelia.

Arcas, a small Town in the Kingdom of Castile in Spain. Heretofore a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Toledo; but united to that of Cuenca, by P. Lucius III. at the request of Alphonsus IX. King of Castile.

Arce. The same with Petra in Arabia Deserta.

Archidona, a Town in Andaluzia in Spain. § Also a small City of Peru in America.

Archipelago, Archipelagus, mare Aegaeum, is a part of the Mediterranean Sea, which lies between Greece, the Lesser Asia, and the Isle of Creet: this Sea is stored with an innumerable Shoal of small Islands; and by Allusion, late Writers have for that reason given the same names to divers other Seas in the East and West-Indies; as Archipel de S. Lazare, des Maldives, du Chiloe, de Mexico, &c.

Arcissa, Arcisso, the Lake of Van. See Van.

Arcklow, is a small Town, with a County belonging to it, in the Province of Leinster in Ireland: seated upon the Irish Sea, 31 Miles South of Dublin; and deserves the rather to be mentioned, because it belongs to the Noble and Loyal Family of the Dukes of Ormond, who are Barons of it.

Arcuevil, a spruce Village within a League of Paris. its proper Name is Arc-Julien, which was given it by Julian the Apostate, in Commemoration of the Aqueducts he made here, whilst he sejour'd at Paris, in the Years 357, and 360.

Ardaschat, Artaxata, a City of Armenia, upon the Confines of the Territory of Erivan: where are to be seen the rests of the magnificent Palace of Tyridates, call'd by the Inhabitants Tact-terdat, or the Throne of Tyridate.

Ardagh. There are Four Towns in Ireland of this Name; the 1st. in the County of Letrim; 2d in the County of East-Meath; 3d. in the County of Longford; and the 4th. in the County of Cork.

Ard bracan, a small Town in the County of East-Meath in Munster in Ireland.

Ardea, a City heretofore of Italy, the capital of Rutilij, and antienter than Rome: Now a Village of small consideration.

Ardee, Ardea, a River of Normandy, which falls into the British Sea at Auranches, near the Limits of the Dukedom of Britain.

Ardee, or Atherdee, a small Market-Town in the County of Louth in the Province of Ʋlster in Ireland. King James II. lay encamped upon the Plains here, with an Army of 20000 Men, whilst the Duke of Schomberg and his Forces were so strongly entrench'd at Dundalk: who not accepting of a Battle, when it was presented by King James; both the Armies retired soon after, without fighting, into their Winter Quarters, November 1689.

Ardembourg, or Rodenbourg, Ardenburgum, a Town in Flanders. Taken by the Hollanders in 1604. One League from Sluys.

Ardennes, Ardenna Sylva, call'd by the Germans Ardenner-waldt, and Luitticher-waldt, is the greatest Forest in all the Low-Countries; it reacheth above 100 Miles in length; as this day extending itself through the Dukedom of Luxemburgh, the Bishoprich of Liege▪ the South part of Henalt, and to the Borders of Champaign; it is taken notice of by Cesar and Tacitus.

Ardes, a Tract in the County of Down in Ʋlster in Ireland, upon the Lake of Coin, in the form almost of a Peninsula.

Ardesche, a River of the Province of Vivarets in France. It passes by Aubenas to the Rhosne, into which it discharges itself near S. Esprit, and separates▪ Languedoc from Vivarets.

Ardfeart, a Town in the County of Kerry in the Province of Munster in Ireland.

Ardila, a River of Spain, whichriseth in Andaluzia, and dischargeth itself into the Guadiana, below the City of Olivenza in Portugal.

Ardmonack, is a Territory in the County of Rosse in Scotland, belonging to the Royal Family of Scotland. Charles I. as second Son to King James I. had the Title of Baron of Armonack, given him at two year of Age.

Ardrach, a Town in the County of Longford in the Province of Connaught in Ireland.

Ardres, Ardra, is a little, but well fortified, Town in the County of Guienne in Picardy in France: it stands in the Marshes, in the Borders of Artois, three Leagues from Calis toward the South, and a little more from Gravelin. Francis I. and Henry VIII. King of England, had an enterview with each other near this Town, in 1520. Both Courts appearing so magnificent, that they call'd the place, a Field of Cloth of Gold. In 1596 Cardinal Albret took it for the Spaniards, who did not keep it long. § Also the Name of a Kingdom and City in Guiney in Africa.

Ardret, Ardrathen, or Ardrat, Ardatum, a City, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Armagh in the County of Kerry in Ireland.

Are, Arus, a River of York-shire. It arises upon the Borders of Lancashire, and falls into the Ouse below York.

Arembourg, Areburium, a Town of the lower Germany, lately adorn'd wiah the Title of a Principality: it lies between Colen to the North, and Treves to the South, upon the River Aer. 7 German Miles from Juliers, to the South, and 4 from the Rhine, West.

Arequipa, one of the most considerable Cities of Peru in America, upon the River Chila, 7 Leagues from the South Sea; 70 from Cusco. And a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Lima, with a commodious Port. It is made rich by the Silver Mines of the Andes, that are found within 14 Leagues of it. In 1582. an Earthquake (as the Country here is very subject to them) almost shook it to peices. In 1600, the Vulcano which stands by it, broke out into terrible Flames. They did use to bring the Treasure of Potosi hither; but the difficulty of the Road has driven them to Arica.

Arestinga, Liba, an Island in the Indian Ocean, towards the Provinces of Kherman and Dulcinca, in Persia.

Arethusa, a City of Syria, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Apamea. § Another in Macedonia, by some call'd Taino and Renina, upon the Bay of Contessa. § Also a Lake in Armenia Major, near the source of the River Tigris.

Arezzo, Aretium, a City, and a Bishops See, immediately under the Pope, in Tuscany in Italy. Famous in the time of the old Romans.

Arg, Argus, a River of Swabia in Germany. Passing by Wangen, it afterwards falls into the Lake of Constance:

Argan, a Town in New Castile in Spain. A Council here held in 1473, enjoyns every Bishop to say Mass thrice, and simple Priests four times at least a year; and that none be preferred to Ecclesiastical Dignities, who understand not Latin. It seems the Learning and Devotion of that age went toutes par la main.

Argens, Argenteus, a River of Provence in France. It arises from three several Sources; then falls into the Ocean near Frejus.

Agentan, Argentomum, Argentomagum, a City of Normandy in France, upon the Ʋrne.

Argenten, a Town in the Dukedom of Berry in France, upon the Creuse.

Argentor, a River in the Province of Angoumois in France, falling into the Charente at Porsac.

Argentrevil, Argentolium, a small Town three Leagues from Paris. There is a Priory in it, dependent of the Abby of St. Denis.

Argile, Argathelia, a very large County in the Western parts of the Kingdom of Scotland, upon the West of Dunbritaine Frith. This was the first Country the Scots who came out of Ireland possess'd themselves of, as is shewn by Camden out of Bede. First also made a County or Earldom by James II. King of Scotland, who invested Colin, Lord Campbell, with the Title of Earl of Argile, in regard of his own, and of the worth of his Family, which is deriv'd from the antient Princes of this Country. They have also, (saith Camden) been made Lords of Lorn, and for a good while General Justices of Scotland: but the two last Earls were unfortunate.

Anginuses, an Island of Greece, where the Athenians under Conon, obtained a great Victory over the Lacedemonians, in the Year of Rome 347.

Argipeeni, an antient People of Sarmatia. They never would go to War with their Neighbours.

Arglas, is a small Town in the Province of Ʋlster, in the County of Down in Ireland, with a Haven belonging to it. The Lord Cromwel of Oakham is Earl of this place.

Argonne, a Territory, part in Champagne, and part upon the Borders of Loraine in France. Beaumont and Clermont stand in it.

Argos, the antient capital City of a Kingdom of the same name in the Morea, now call'd the Province of Romania. This Kingdom was Founded by Inachus contemporary with Moses, or 346 years before him, in Eusebius's Calculation. It continued 546 Years; then changed into a Republick, which maintain'd several Wars with the Grecians. The City has been first an Episcopal, and next an Archiepiscopal See. In 1383, the Venetians bought it. In 1463▪ the Turks took it. In 1686. General Morosini reduced it under the Venetians again.

Argos, Amphilogium, was a City of Epirus, ruin'd long ago. § There was another of the Name in Thessalia in Macedonia, call'd now Armiro.

Argow, one of the four parts of Switzerland, taking its name from the River Arg, upon the Borders of Constance.

Arguin, [Arguinum] a small Island, with a Fort upon it, belonging to the Hollanders, upon the Coast of Nigritia. This Fort was built by the Portugals in 1455. Taken from them by the Hollanders in 1633. Taken from the Hollanders by the English, of late Years; and it was again taken and ruin'd by the French in 1678; and is now again under the Hollander. It lies in the Atlantick Ocean, upon the Coast of the Kingdom of Gualata, about, or in 20 d. of Northern Lat.

Arhon, Asopus, a River of the Morea, falling into the Gulph of Corinth.

Arhusen, Arhusia, a City of Denmark, in the Dukedom of Jutland, upon the Baltick Sea: it is a Bishops See, under the Archbis•op of Lunden, seated upon the River Gude; 10 Miles South of Alburg, 2 West from the Island of Fuinen, and about 26 North of Lubeck. This City was taken, and severely treated by the Swedes in 1644. but is since that in the Pos•ession of the Danes again.

Aria, an antient Province and City of Persia. The one is now call'd Chorasan, the other Herat or Serat.

Ariano, Arianum, a City in the further Principate in the Kingdom of Naples, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Benevento, giving the Title of a Duke.

Ariano, upon the Po, is a small City in the Ferrarez in Italy, and Capital of a Territory call'd Polesin• di Ariano, upon the Borders of the States of Venice.

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Arica, a Port in the Kingdom of Peril, in the Province de los Charcas, where they ship the Silver brought from Potosi. It is a small Town, but has a capacious Haven, and a strong Castle, distant from La Plata to the South-East, and from Cusco to the South, 80 Leagues.

Ariccia, or la Riccia, was heretofore a considerable Town in the Campagna di Roma in Italy, upon a Lake of the name, now called lago di Nemi. It has since become a small Village, yet gives the Title of a Duke.

Ariel, a River of the Precopensian Tartars, which falls into the Nieper, (Borysthenes) below Terki.

Arieni, an antient People of Germany. Another in Asia, whom the Gauls reduced.

Arima, a Town and Port of Japan, in the Kingdom of Ximo or Sa•cok. The Infidels have extirpated the Christians thence.

Arimaspi, an antient People of Sarmatia Europaea.

Ariminum. See Rimini.

Arimoa, an Island discovered by the Hollanders in 1618. near New Guiney, betwixt Moa and Schouten.

Arles, Arelas, a City and Archbishoprick in Provence of France, upon the Rhone. In this place there was celebrated a great Council of the Western and African Bishops, by the Order of Constantine the Great, in the Year 312, or as Cabasutius saith, in 314. that is, about 16 years before the General Council of Nice; and there has been several others held in aftertimes in the same Place. This City was once made the Head of a Kingdom, which had Kings of its own from the Year 879. to 1032. sometimes call'd the Kingdom of Arles, and sometimes of Burgundy beyond the J•ur. (Jurana) It is seated on the left side the River Rhone, over which there is a Timber Bridge, 12 Leagues from Marseilles to the West. The Academy established here in 1669▪ and the grand Obelisk of Roman work erected in 1677▪ ought not to be forgotten.

Arlington, a little Village in Middlesex, between Harlington and Shepeston; which being the Birthplace of the Right Honorable Henry Bennet, he was by Charles II. created Baron of Arlington, the 14th. of March 1664▪ and Earl of the same the 22d of April 1672. sworn Lord Chamberlain of the Houshold to King Charles II. Sept. 11. 1674. and died in the first Year of the Reign of King James II. in great Honor and Esteem.

Arlon, Arlun, Arlunum, Orolunum, a Town in the Dutchy of Luxembourg, in the Low Countries, which has given the Title of a Marquess from the Year 1103. It stands 4 Leagues from Luxembourg, 6 from Montmidi.

Arma, a Province and City in the Kingdom of Popayan in America, 25 Leagues from St. Troy.

Armadabat. See Amadabat.

Armagh, Armacha, a County of Ʋlster in Ireland, incompassed with the River Neury on the East, with the Country of Louth, on the South, and with the Blackwater North. This is one of the most fruitful Counties in all Ireland. Upon the River Kalin, which falleth into the Blackwater, (a River so called) stands Armagh, a poor decayed City, tho an Archiepiscopal See, and the Primate of the whole Kingdom. This Primate was subject to the Archbishop of Canterbury till 1142. when it was exempted by one John Papyrio, a Papal Legate, as Camden faith. The City was taken by Cromwel, in 1650.

Armanac, Arminiacensis Comitatus, a County of Aquitain, or the upper Gascony in France, bounded on the North by the Counties of Agenois and Condome, on the East by Languedoc, on the West by Gascony, properly so called, Bearn and Bigorro, and on the South by the County de Cominge. The Earle of this County are much celebrated in the antient French History.

Arman•th. See Ardmonack.

Armanson, Armentio, a River of France in Burgundy. It rises by semur, receives the Brenne, passes by Tonnere, and falls into the Lionne nigh Auxerre.

Armenia major, called by the Inhabitants Curdistan, by the Georgians Armenioba; a very large and well known Country of Asia; being divided from the Georgians, Mengrelians and Muscovites, by the Mountains; on the South by Mount Taurus from Mesopotamia, and by Mount Niphate from Assyria, on the West it has the Euphrates, by which it is divided from Cappadocia, and Armenia the Less: The greatest part of it is under the Turks, but a small part towards the East is under the P•rsi•n. In this Country both Euphrates and Tigris have their Fountains.

Armenia minor, called now by some Aladuli, by others Ac-coionlu, is a part of Asia the Less, and was heretofore a part of Capadocia: bounded on the North by the Mengrelians and the Pontus, or Euxine Sea, on the South by Cilicia and Syria, on the East by Armenia major, and on the West by Cappadooia. This whole Country is now under the Dominion of the Turks.

Armentiers, Armentariae, a Town of Planders upon the River Ley (Legia) which falls into the Schelde at Ghant. This Town was the Theatre of great Actions during the former Wars, and was left to the French by the Treaty of Aquisgrane, who have had it ever since the Year 1668. It is a fair Town distant from Ghant 10 Miles, and something less from Cambray.

Armes, a Seigniory in the Province of Nivernois in France, giving its name to a Noble Family there.

Armorica. See Bretagne.

Armoy, or Earmoy, a Barony in the County of Cork and Province of Munster in Ireland.

•nautes, an errant vagabond People of Albania.

Arnay le Due, Arnaeum Ducium, a small Town in Burgundy in France; 5 Leagues from Autun, very agreeable.

Arnebourg, a Town in the antient Marquisate of Brandenbourg upon the Elb; ruined in the German Wars.

Arneda, a City and Port upon the Pacifick Ocean, in Peru in America.

The Land of Arnheim, is a part of the Terra Australis, discovered by the Hollanders, to the South of New Guiney.

Arnheim, Arenacum, one of the principal Cities of Guelderland, and one of the States of Holland; seated upon the Rhine, which a little above it is divided into 2 Branches, the Ysel to the East and the Rhine to the West: it is a neat Town, and has belonged to the United Provinces ever since the Year 1585. It lies 2 Leagues from Nimeghon, (the chief Town of Guelderland) and 7 from Ʋtrecht. Taken by the French in 1672. and deserted 2 years after; the Fortifications of it being first demolished by them.

Arno, Arnus, a River of Tuscany in Italy, which springeth from the Apponnine, not far from the Head of Tiber; and running West, it obliquely passeth between Florence and Pisa. From the Sea, as far as Florence, it is Navigable.

Arnon, a River arising from the Mountains of Arabia, which traverses all the Desart, then falls into the Lake Asphaltites, and divides the antient Seats of the Moabites from the Amorites; God Almighty rendred the passage over it miraculously easie to the People of Israel, Numb. 21. 13, 14.

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Arnsbourg, the Capital City of the Island of Oesel in the Baltick Sea, with a Castle, under the Swedes.

Aroe, Arren, Aria, an Island in the Baltick Sea under the King of Denmark, dependent of the Dutchy of Sleswick.

Aromaia, a Province of New Andaluzia in America, near the mouth of the River Orenoque.

Arona, a Town and Castle in the Milaneze in Italy, upon a Lake, belonging to the Family of the Borromeos. The famous S. Charles Cardinal Borromeo Archbishop of Milan was born here Octob. 2. 1538.

Arool, a Town in Muscovy 40 Leagues from Moscow.

Arosen, Arosia, a City and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Ʋpsal in Sweden. It is the Capital of the Province of Westimania, with a Fortress upon the Lake Meler. Here Gustavus I. deseated Christiern II. about the year 1521. And in 1540. the States here assembled declared the Crown of Sweden Hereditary.

Arow, Aarow, a frank Town in the Canton of Bern in Switzerland, upon the River Aar, from whence it takes its name. The Protestant Cantons are used to hold their Dyets here.

Arpaia, Caudium, a City heretofore, now a Village, in the further Principate in the Kingdom of Naples. Near to it, there is a very narrow defile for two Persons to pass, betwixt two Mountains, called Stretto d'Arpaio, and formerly Furcae Caudinae; where the Samnites having obliged the Roman Army under T. Vetrurius and Sp. Posthumius, Consuls, to render themselves upon discretion, put them to the disgrace of passing under a Traverse of Pikes, with Hands tyed, disarmed and bare headed.

Arpaion, an antient Barony in the Province of Rovergue in France, erected into a Dutchy in 1651.

Arpentras, A City heretofore upon the Lake Lemane in Switzerland, now a Village they call Vidy, built out of the Ruins thereof. Great numbers of antient Medals are found here.

Arpino, Arpinum, a Town and Castle in the Terra di lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples. Caius Marius (Seven times Consul) was born here. Cicero is Sirnamed Arpinas from hence, it being but 3 Miles from the place of his Nativity.

Arques, a Town in the Dutchy of Bar in France near the Meuse, supposed to be the Birth-place of Joane of Arc, the Maid of Orleans, famous in the Reign of Charles VII.

Arques, Arca, a Village in Normandy in the païs de Caux, upon the River Arques, 2 Miles South from Diepe. This place was made illustrious by a great Victory Henry IV. obtain'd there in the Year 1589.

Arra, a Barony in the County of Tipperary in M•nster in Ireland.

Arracan, Arracaon, Arrachamum, a considerable Kingdom and a City upon the River Martaban, beyond the Ganges in the East Indees.

Arragon, Aragonia, a very large, and indeed one of the three principal Kingdoms in Spain; bounded on the North by Navarre and France, from which last it is divided by the Pyrenees, on the East it hath Catalonia, on the West New and Old Castile, and on the South it hath the Kingdom of Valentia. This Kingdom was united to Castile in the Year 1479.

Arran, a Barony made up of four Islands, upon the Coast of the County of Dungal in the Province of Ʋlsier. And made an Earldom in 1661. in favor of Richard, the Second Son of James Duke of Ormond. These Islands lie in the Western Ocean.

Arran, Arania, Glotta, an Island on the West of Scotland in Dunbritain Frith near Argile, which was anciently an Earldom.

Arras, Atrebatum, Nemetocerna, called by the Dutch Atrecht, a great Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Rheims; the Head City of the Earldom of Artois, and stands upon the River Scarpe▪ which flows also by Douay. It is considerably well sortified, and has a strong Castle; it came into the hands of the French in 1640, and when the Spaniards 1654▪ attempted by force to retake it, their Army was defeated the 25th. of August of that Year, since which time the French have peaceably enjoyed it. This was one of the greatest Actions of Cardinal Mazarine, and won him much Honor in France. It is 15 Leagues from Tournay, and 5 from Doway.

Arren. See Aroe.

Arroux, Arosius, a River of Burgundy in France: it rises by Amay le Duc, passes by Autun, and joyns the Loyre by Bourbon-Lancy.

Arsa, Arsia, a River of Istria which divides Italy from Illyrium. It falls into the Adriatique near Pola.

Arsinoe, a City of Cilicia in Asia Minor, betwixt Antioch and Seleucia.

Arsinoe in Aegypt. See Suez.

Arsinoe, between Berenice and Ptolemais in Africa, is a City and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Cyrene; some say now called Trochara. The Artients give us three more of this name in the Island of Cyprus, whereof we have no farther account.

Arta, or Larta, a City of Epirus in Greece upon the River Acheron, 15 Miles from the Sea, and a days Journey from Ambracia. Adorned with a Metropolitan See and a noble Church.

Artois, Artesia, bounded on the North with the Country of Flanders, on the West and South with Picardy, and on the East in part by Flanders, in part by Hanalt and Cambray. It lies in length from North to South 26 Leagues. It was once the East part of Flanders, but became a separate Earldom in 1198. and continued so till 1382. when it returned to the Earls of Flanders, but at the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. and that of Nimeguen in 1678. it was intirely yielded to the French. This was the Country of the antient Atrebates. The Capital City of it is Arras.

Aru, a City and Kingdom in the Isle of Sumatra in the East-Indies. § Also an Island of Asia, between the Moluccaes and New Guiney.

Arva, called by the Germans Orova, a Town in the Upper Hungary, near the Confines of Poland, towards the Carpathian Mountains upon the River Vag (Vagus) six Miles from Bistricz, North, which Town gives Name to a County.

Arva, a rapid River of Savoy. It springs out of the high Mountains of Fossigni, and passing by Bonne Ville, falls into the Rhosne at the Gates of Geneva. Gold is found amongst its Sands.

Arundale, Aruntina Vallis, a Corporation in Sussex, upon the River Arun; in which there is a Castle, a stately place,▪ strong by Art and Nature. The Name State and Dignity of Earl belongs to whoever is possessed of this Mannor and Castle, without any other Consideration or Creation to be an Earl, as Mr Camden acquaints us out of the Parliament Rolls of the 11. H. VI. This Castle stands 9 Miles East of Chichester, and the Fee is in the Hands of the most Noble Henry Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal of England by Inheritance; granted by Charles II. in 1672. to the Father of this present Duke; who is the Eldest Duke, Earl and Baron in England, and the first Protestant of this Noble and Illustrious Branch. The marmora Arundeliana have made this name universally known amongst the Ingenious of all parts, The Corporation sends Two Burgesses to the Parliament.

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Arzilla, Zilia, Azella, a maritime Town in the Province of Hasbata in the Kingdom of Fez, upon the Atlantique Ocean; well fortified. Alphonsus V. King of Portugal, surnamed Africanus, took it in 1471. The King of Fez besieged it in 1508. without Victory. Afterwards the Portuguese abandon'd it.

Arzeron, Aziris, a City of Armenia upon the Euphrates; the Turkish Viceroy of which has under him 17 subordinate Governors.

Asasi, a Town in the Kingdom of Marocco.

Asaph, El••a, Asaphopolis, a Town and Bishops See in Flintshire in Wales: this Bishoprick was erected by Kentigern Bishop of Glascow in Scotland, in the year 560. He returning afterwards into Scotland made Asaph, a holy Man, Bishop of this place, from whom it has its Name. There is in this Diocese 128 Parishes. The Town is mean as well as the Church, and it stands upon the River Cluyd, about three Miles from the Sea, and sixteen from Chester. Lat. 53. 22. Long. 3. 17.

Asborn, a Market Town in Darbyshire, in the Hundred of Wirksworth.

Ascalon, was heretofore a City of Judaea in the Tribe of Dan upon the Sea Coast, and one of the strongest holds of the Philistines. Baldwin I. King of Jerusalem took it from the Saracens about the year 1153. It was made a Bishops See, but so destroyed since, that not above 50 Families now dwell in it, who are Moors and Turks.

Ascania, an antient Town in the Principality of Anhalt in Germany, betwixt Magdebourg and Northuhausen: it gives the Title of a Count.

Aschaffenbourg, Asciburgum, a City in Germany in the Diocese of Mentz, but in the Limits of Franconia, and therefore by some ascribed to that Province. Heretofore an Imperial or Hans-Town, but afterwards exempted; it is divided into two parts by the River Mayn, which falls into Rhine at Mentz. There is in it a stately Palace, built of square Stone, called Johansburg, where the Elector of Mentz often resides: This Town is distant from Frankford 6 Miles, Eastward.

Aschen, a Castle in Bavaria.

Aschersleben, Ascania, an old Town in the Diocese of Halberstad in the Principality of Anhalt in Germany: whence the House of Anhalt receives the Name of principes Ascanii: almost ruined.

Ascherne, Aschenten, Askarna, a Town in the County of Limerick in Munster in Ireland, upon a River of the Name.

Ascoli di Satriano, (Asculum Apulum) a small decaying City, an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Benevento in the Kingdom of Naples, in the County called the Principate, at the foot of the Apennine, 35 Miles East from Benevento. This City is built on a Hill; a former which stood near it having been ruin'd in the year 1399. by a dreadful Earthquake: this was built in the year 1410. by the Inhabitants of the other.

Ascoli upon the River Tronto, a City in the Marcha Anconitana in Italy, with an Episcopal See immediately under the Pope. The Birthplace of Pope Nicholas IV. as formerly of Betutius Barrus an Orator mentioned by Cicero. In 1557. the French and Spaniards had a Battle near this place. The antient Inhabitants were the first that confederated against the Romans in the Marsick War. Sometime after that it was almost ruined; but rebuilt, and fell to be one of the first Temporal Demains of the Pope.

Ascot, a Mannor in the County of Buckingham, which has long belonged to the Loyal Family of the Dormers, Earls of Carnarvan, and Viscounts of Ascot; who were advanced to this Honor Aug. 2. 1628. by Charles I. for whom Robert, the first Earl, died fighting in the Battle of Newberry, in 1643.

Asebin, Nisivis. See Nisbin.

Asgar, a Province in the Kingdom of Fez in Africa, to the West, between the Provinces of Fez and Habat. Its principal Towns are, Arasch and Alcasar-Quivir.

Ashby de la Zouch, a Market-Town and Barony▪ in Leicestershire, which, saith Camden, is now in the Earls of Huntington; one of which Family, Sir▪ William Hastings, procured the Town the Privilege of a Fair in the Reign of Henry VI. It stands in the North-West Corner of the County, about eleven Miles North-East from Eaton.

Ash-burtun, a Corporation seated upon the River Dart in Devonshire, which sends two Burgesses to the Parliament: it stands about 17 Miles from Exeter, to the South-West, and 5 Miles from Newton.

Ashdale, a Place in Scotland, of which the late Duke of Monmouth was Baron.

Ashdod, Azotus, a City in the Holy Land, which was one of the Principalities of the Philistines: in S. Jerom's time it was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Caesarea; now a Village, called Alzete by the Turks. See Azotus.

Ashford. a Market-Town in Kent, upon the River Stower in Scray-Lath.

Ashkrig, a Market-Town in Yorkshire in the North-riding, and the Hundred of Hang West.

A S I A, the first of the Four parts of the World; the Mother, and for a long time the Nurse and Mistress of Mankind; for here in this, Man was created; and after the Deluge, this was the Place God chose to give Mankind a second Beginning in: the 2 first of the General Monarchies, (viz. the Assyrian and Persian) were in this part; and to it chiefly was the Church confined till our blessed Saviour came. It is washed on three sides by the vast Ocean, which on the East is called the Eastern or Pacifick Ocean; on the North the Tartarian Ocean or Mar del Norte, on the West the Aethiopian Ocean and the Red Sea; and it is divided from Europe by the Mediterranean and Black Sea, with the Rivers of Tanais (Don or Tana) Rha and Obb. It is only parted from Europe by the space of 300 German Miles, more or less, by these Rivers: connected to Africa by a Neck of Land of about 30 Miles; and whether the North-East part of it is not united with the North-West part of America, could never yet be discovered; tho probably there is a streight or narrow Sea between them; so that lying in the midst of the other three, it was the fittest place to be made the Cradle of Mankind, from whence the other were all to be peopled. It lies in length from the Hellespont to Malacca, the utmost Eastern Mart, 1300 German Miles: its breadth between the Mouth of the Red Sea and the supposed Streights of Aman, is 1220 Miles: now divided into five principal Parts, 1 Tartary, 2 China, 3 India, 4 Persia, 5 and the Turkish Empire.

Asia Minor. See Natolia.

Asine, the same with Anchora.

Asoph, Tanais, called Azack or Azeck by the Inhabitants, la Tana by the Italians, is a City of the Precopensian Tarters, at the Mouth of the River Tanais, which cuts the City into two parts, and then immediately falls into the Lake of Moeotis. It has a large Haven, and a strong Castle which stands by the River: taken by the Muscovites, anno 1638. which upon false Accusation, cost Cyrillus Lucaris, Patriarch of Constantinople, his Life; but it was re-taken by the Turks, who are now Masters of it: the Town is square, and built at the foot of a Hill in 67 d. of Long. and 54. 30. of Lat.

Asopus, the name of 3 Rivers, one in Achaia, now called Arhon, the second in the Morea, and the third in Asia minor near Laodicea.

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Aspe, a Valley of the Canton of Bearn in Switzerland: watered by the Gave de Oleron. Its principal Town is Accous.

Asphaltites, or the Dead Sea, by the Arabians sometimes called Baar Lout, (that is, the Sea of Lot, in Memory of his Deliverance,) is a Lake of Judaea in the same place where formerly the Cities of Sodom and Gomorrah were consumed. The Rivers Jordan, Arnon and others fall into it: 580 Furlongs long, and 150 broad, according to Josephus. They say no Fish can live in it, for the Bituminousness of its Water, and that nothing ever grows upon its Banks.

Assasiniens, a People formerly inhabiting about 12 Towns in Phaenicia near Tyre, under a King of their own Electing. Whilst they paid a Tribute to the Templers, they offered to turn Christians, to be discharged of the same; but the Templers refused it; which, says William of Tyre, has been the cause of the ruine of Religion in the East. In 1231 Lewis of Bavaria was assassinated by these People. In 1257 the Tartars came upon them and killed their Antient (or King) and took their Towns: and we have had no further account of them ever since.

Assinarius, a River of Sicily. See Falconara.

Assinshire, Assinus, a County in the North-western part of Scotland: it has Strathnavern on the North, the Mountains of Marble and Alabaster on the East, Rosse on the South, and the Irish Sea on the West. This is properly a part of the County of Rosse and therefore little is said of it.

Assisi, Aesisium, Assisium, a City of Ʋmbria in the Patrimony of St. Peter: it is a Bishops See, built on a Hill, 5 Miles from the River Asio.

L'Assumption, Assumptio, a small new City in the Southern America, near the River of Plate in Paragua: it is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop de la Plata.

Asta, a City and Roman Colony, lying between Piedmont and Montferrat: it is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Milan, well fortified, with a strong new Castle belonging to it: once a Commonwealth, then it became a part of the Dukedom of Milan, and was under the Viscounti; being disjoyned from that Dukedom, in the year 1531. after various changes itfell into the hands of the Duke of Savoy, who is still Master of it. It is 15 Miles distant from Casal, to the South. § There is another City of the same name in Andalusia, and another in the East-Indies in the Kingdom of Decan.

Astabat, a City of Armenia upon the Frontiers of Persia, within a League of the River Aras: not great, but very beautiful, and enriched with excellent Wine.

Astaces, the antient name of a River in the Kingdom of Pontus in Asia Minor.

Astachar, Astacara, a City of Persia upon the River Bendemir, near the Ruins of Persepolis; which was once the Capital of the Kingdom of Persia, but is now decaying.

Astarac, or Estarac, Astaracensis tractus, a little County 7 or 8 Leagues long in the Province of Gascoigne in France.

Astetlan, a Province of the new Kingdom of Mexico in America, upon the Coast of the Vermiglian Ocean.

Astora, Astura Augusta, a City and Bishoprick in the Kingdom of Leon in Spain, 9 Miles from Leone, (the Archbishops See) to the South. This City is also called Astorga.

Asturia, was once a Kingdom, but is now a part of the Kingdom of Leon in Spain: it lieth in length from Biscay to Galaesia. The eldest Son of the King of Castile is stil'd Prince of the Asturia's (it being divided into two parts), as the English Prince is of VVales, of which this is an Imitation; as also the Delphinate in France.

Atacama, a Desart in the Province of los Charcas in the Kingdom of Peru in America, along the Coast of the Pacifick Ocean.

Atad, Caucasus, a Mountain in Asia, much celebrated by the antient Poets. § Also a Country beyond Jordan in the Holy Land, where the obsequies of the Patriarch Jacob were performed by his Children. Gen. 50. 10.

Atavillos, a People of Peru.

Atha, a River of Germany in the Dukedom of Bavaria, which falls in the Danube, a little above Ingolstad.

Athamania, a Country of Epirus, between Acarnania, Aetolia and Thessalia: free, and under Princes of its own, till it submitted to Philip King of Macedon.

Athamas, a River of Aetolia in Greece, with a Mountain of the same name, from whence it springs.

Aeth, Athum, a small, but strong Town in the Province of Henalt, upon the River Dender, (Tenera) which falls into the Schelde: 2 Leagues distant from the Confines of Flanders, 5 East from Tournay. Taken in 1667. by the French; and by the Treaty of Aquisgrane, this and the Territory belonging to it was yielded to them; but by the Treaty of Nimeguen, in 1679. it returned under the Spanish Dominion. In this place in 1357. there was a League concluded between Venceslaus Duke of Brabant, and Lewis Earl of Flanders.

Athenree, or Atherit, a City and Barony in the County of Galloway, in the Province of Connaught in Ireland: More rich and more considerable formerly, than now.

Atherston, a Market-Town in Warwick-shire, near the River Anker, in the Hundred of Hemlingford.

Athlone, Athlona, Atlon•a, is a small Town in the County of Rosecomen, in the Province of Connaught in Ireland; in the Confines of Leinster; seated upon the River Shannon, where it comes out of the Lake of Lough Ree, 16 Irish Miles from Longford, South. This Place was the Refuge of the Rebels in the Irish Rebellion, who fled thither from Kilkenny in 1650. being pressed upon by other Rebels; where they had not much rest, the Town being taken by Hewson in 1651. The Strength of it lies in the Castle: whither, when Douglas with 10 Regiments of Foot and 4 of Horse of the Forces of King William, arrived, in order to a Siege, about the middle of July, 1690. the Irish retired, burning the Town, and breaking the Bridge. And at the last he was forced to leave it in their possession. But it could not withstand the Army of General Ginckle the year after

Athol, Atholia, is a small County or Earldom in the heart of Scotland; between the Mountain Grampus on the West, and the Sherifdom of Pertb on the East; in which riseth the River Tau, the greatest River in all Scotland. This County is remarkable for nothing but its Earls, which have been great men both in England and Scotland.

Athos. See Agion Oros.

Atlantides, an antient name given to the People that dwelt about Mount Atlas in Africa.

Atlas. See Aiducal.

Atri, Atria, Adria, and Hadria, a City of Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples, where Hadrian the Emperour was born. This is an independent Bishoprick, subject to no Archbishop, instituted by Innocent IV. Anno Chr. 1252. The City is built upon a high Hill, within 4 Miles of the Adriatick Sea; and tho it has few Inhabitants, yet it has the Honor of giving the Title of a Duke to the Family of the Aquaviva's. It stands 10 Leagues from Pinna to the North, and 15 from Theate, East: it lies in 38. 18. Long. 42. 51. Lat. § There is another Town belonging to the Venetians of the same Name, but almost swallowed up by the Sea.

Attica, Cecropia, a Province of the antient Achaia in Greece, upon the Aegean Sea; now call'd the Dutchy of Athens from its Capital City. It was divided in those times first into 10, then into 13 Tribes. Each Tribe assumed its denomination from some or other Hero of the Country, and was made to contain a certain number of Towns and Villages, amounting in the whole to 174; being then as populous a Region as Holland now. It extended its Dominion almost over all the Isles of the Archipelago: had Mines of Silver within its Mountains: and each Tribe furnish'd 50 Persons a peice, to be the Judges of the Politie at Athens.

Attigny, Attiniacum, a Town in the Province of Champagne, in the Dukedom of Reimes, upon the River Aisne (Axona) 11 Miles from Reimes to the South-East, in which Chilperi•us, King of France, died, Anno. Christ. 72•. Lewis the Debonnaire, King of France and Emperour, did Penn•nce and made a publick Confession of his Crimes before a Council here Assembled in 822.

Attleborough a Market-Town in Norfolk in the Hundred of Shropham.

Ava, or Aba, a Kingdom, City, and River, in the Terra-firma of the Indies, between the States of Siam and Arachan. § Also a Province and Town of the Isle of Xicoco, belonging to Japan.

Availle, Avallensis Comitatus, a Territory in Aquitaine, in the Province of Limofin in France.

Avalon, Aballo, a Town in Burgundy in France, upon the River Cousin, betwixt Auxerre and Autu•, with a good Castle.

Avalon, Avalonia, Aveland, is an Island in Somersetshire, in which Glastenbury stands: It gives the Title of a Viscount to the Family of the Mordants.

Avanches. See Wiflisbourg.

Avares, a Barbarian People of Scythia, who took part with the Huns, and Ravaged the Empire on either side the Danube, in the sixth Century.

Avaux, a County in Champagne in France, in the Neighbourhood of Rheims, giving its Title to the House of Memes. Charlemaigne defeated the Normans here in 882.

Aubanne, Aubanca, Albinia, a Town and Barony in Provence in France.

Aube, Alba, a River of France, which riseth in the Borders of Bnrgundy; and flowing through the Province of Champagne, watereth Bar; after which being encreased with some additional Rivers, it falls into the Seyne, (Sequana) at Pont sur Seyne.

Aubenas, Albenacum, a Town in the Province of Vivarets in France, upon the River Ardesche.

Aubrac, a famous Rich Hospital in the Diocese of Rodes, in Aquitain in France.

Auburne, a Market-Town in Wiltshire, in the Hundred of Ramsbury.

Aubusson, a Town in the Province of Auvergne in France. The Ruins of the Castle here shew the Grandeur of the Family of this Name, who are the Lords of the place.

Aude, Atax, a River of Languedoc in France. It takes its source from the Pyranees in the County of Rosillon, and falls into the Mediterranean near Narbonne.

Avein, Aveinum, a Village in Luxembourg; made famous by a great Victory obtained by the French against the Spaniards, anno 1635. It is scarce 2 Leagues distant from S Huberts, to the North.

Aveira, Lavara, a Town in Portugal near the Mouth of the River Vouga, in the Province of Beira.

Aveiro, Averonius, a River in the Province of Rovergue in France. It rises in the Territory of Sovorac; passes to Rhodez, St. Anthonin, Bourniquet, Negrepelisse; and having entertain'd the streams of several Rivers in the way, delivers itself into the Tarn at Pointe d'Aveiron.

Avella, a Town and Marquisate in the Terra di Lavoro in Italy, 4 Miles from Nola, and 15 from Naples: not considerable.

Avellino, Abellinum, a City with the Title of a Principality, in the further Principate in the Kingdom of Naples; it's a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Benevento.

Avenay, Avenoeum, a small Town in Champagne in France, 4 Leagues from Rheims, near the River Marne.

Avenmore, Dabrona, the Broad Water, a River in the Province of Munster in Ireland: it arises near the Earldom of Desmond, and running East, it takes in several other Rivers; and having washed the Town of L•smore, it falls into the Ocean at Youghal, where it maketh a Haven, about 20 Miles West of Waterford Haven.

Averno, Avernus, Aernus, a deep Lake, surrounded with Mountains and a Wood, in the Terra di Lavoro, in the Kingdom of Naples, near to Baja and Cuma. The Vapours it sends forth are very corrupt and noxious; which made the Poets represent it as one of the Mouthe of Hell. Nero attempted to make a Navigable Canal from hence to the Disembogure of the Tiber; but the Mountains and Soil rendred it impracticable. To the West of it there is a Cave struck out of a Mountain, where they formerly consulted an Oracle; and its supposed the same Cave was the Grotto of the Sibylla Cumana.

Aver•a, a City and a Bishops See, in the Terra di Lavoro, in the Kingdom of Naples. Built in the Eleventh Century upon the Foundations, as some believe, of the antient Atella; and Fortifi'd with a noble Castle. It carries the Title of an Earldom too; together with this Episcopal See, they have united that of Atella and Cuma.

Avesnes, Avennae, a Town of Haynaut; little, but famous, and well Fortifi'd; standing upon a small River which falls into the Sambre. This Town stands 4 Miles South of Maubeuge, 8 from Mons. It was yielded to the French by the Pyrenean Treaty An. 1659.

Avesnes le Comte, a small French Town in the Province of Artois, in the Borders of Picardy.

Augarras, Indians of Brasil in America, in the Province of Puerto Seguro.

Auge, a County in Normandy.

Augatow, Augustavia, a New Town in Poland, upon the River Brebetz, on the Borders of Lithuania, betwixt Bielsko and Grodno.

Avigliano, Aviliana, a small Town in Piedmont, upon the River Duria, 20 Miles from Turin to the West. (This River is call'd Grana in the late Maps) It stands on a Hill, and has a ruin'd Castle.

Avignon, Avenio, a City of Provence in France, upon the Rhone: it is an Archbishops See, a large well built Place, and very much famed for having been the usual Residence of the Popes from 1306. (by the Grant of Joan Queen of Naples, and Countess of Provence, to Clement V.) to 1378. In which time died here, John II. in 1334. Benedict XII. in 1341. Clement VI. in 1352. Innocent VI, in 1361. and Ʋrbanus V. in 1370. This City is an University, and had once a Stone Bridge, which is now decayed. The Archbishoprick was erected here by Sixtus IV. in 1475. During the Difference betwixt the King of France and Pope Innocent XI. about the Franchises, the former took this City into his own Possession. It lies about 7 Leagues from Arles, on the Borders of the Principality of Aurange.

Avila, Albula, a City of old Castile in Spain, famous for the Birth of S. Teresia. It is wholly built upon a Hill, well fenced with Walls, seated amongst many Rocks, and neighbouring Mountains, yet has a pl•a•••nt Situation near the River Adaja. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Compostelle: it stands in the midst between Salamanca and Madrid, 16 Leagues from either. § There is another Town of the same Name in Peru, upon the River Napo.

Avilis, Aulide, an antient Town and Port in Baeotia, upon the Gulph of Negropont.

Avilla, Avilles, a Town in Asturia in Spain, towards the Mouth of the River Nalon, and the Bay of Biscay.

Avin, Avo, Avenna, is a small River in the County of Louthiane, which falls into the Frith at Blackness, near Lithgow.

Aviquirina, an Island in the Pacifick Ocean, upon the Coast of the Kingdom of Chili.

Avis, Avisum, a small, but Fortifi'd Town in Portugal; to which there belongs an Order of Knights of the same Name. It is 9 Miles from Ebora North, and a• many from Port Alacri West.

Aukland, a Market-Town in Durham, in the Hundred of W. Darlington. It has a Bridge over the River Ware, and is pleasantly seated in a good Air upon the side of a Hill. The Bishops of Durham have a noble Castle here.

Aulayas, a Lake in Peru, also called the Lake of Paria.

Aulcester, a Market-Town in Warwickshire, in the Hundred of Barlich-way, upon the Confluence of the Alne and the Arrow.

Aulerges, Aulerci, a People of the antient Gaul, of Three Divisions: called Aulerci Cenomani, Diablantes, and Eburovices: being those of (the now) Mars, Perche, and the Diocese of Eureux.

Aumale. See Albermarle.

Auneau, a small Town in the Province of la Beausse in France, 14 Leagues from Paris: memorable for the defeat of the Germans, Swisse and others, by the Duke of Guise, in 1587.

Aunis, Alnensis Tractus, a small Territory of which Rochel is the Head. It is taken out of Saintogne, and bound on the West with the Ocean, on the East and South with Saintogne, and on the North with Poictou.

Avogasia, a Province of Asia, betwixt Georgia, Comania, and the Black Sea. The chief Towns in it are S. Sophia, Ajazzo, Costa. This and Mingrelia answer to the Colchis of the Antients.

Avon, Alaunius, a River that separates part of Wiltshire, and all Gloucestershire, from Somersetshire; and then passing under the Walls of Bristol, falls into the Mouth of the Severn.

Avon the Less, a River of Northamptonshire; one Head of which riseth in Cherwelton, in the North part of that County, and the other out of Avon-Well by Naesby. § Also another small River of that name, in Merionethshire in Wales, which passeth by Dolgelhe to the Irish Sea. This Word in the Brittish signifieth a River, as Mr. Camden acquaints us.

Aups, Aulps, Ʋrbs & Castrum de Alpibus, a Town in Provence in France; so called, because the Alps begin to elevate themselves near it.

Aurach, Auracum or Ʋracum, a Town in the Circle of Schwaben in Germany, in the Dukedom of VVirtenburgh, upon the River Rems, Remus, which 2 Miles lower falls into the Neckher, (Nicrum.) It is built at the foot of the Mountains, 4 Miles from Tubingen, to the East, and 7 Miles from Ʋlm. Lately strengthened with a strong Castle, and is the Residence of the Younger Dukes of Wurtenburgh.

Avranches, Abrincae, Avrenchea, a City of Normandy, upon the Borders of Bretagn: it is a Bishoprick, under the Archbishop of Roan: it stands upon the River See, 10 Leagues from Coutance South, and as many from S. Malo North: near the Sea. In 1172. the Cardinals Albert and Theodinus, Legates from Pope Alexander III. by his Order assembled a Council here, to examine into the Murder of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury.

Auray, Auriacum, a Town and Port in Bretagne upon the Bay of Morbihan, 3 Leagues North of Vannes, twenty three North of Nantes, and within 2 Leagues of the Sea. This place is famous at present for a Chappel called S. Anns, from the Mother of the Virgin Mary; and much frequented and adorned with Presents, by the Votaries of Mother and Daughter: likewise in former times for a Battle here fought between John de Monfort, and Charles Earl of Bloise, Sept. 29. 1364. where the Title of Bretagne was determined by the Sword; the English, who sided with the former, prevailing.

Aure, a River of Normandy in France. It rises near Caumout, and passes to the Drome, by Vaux and Bajeux.

Aure or Eure, a River of France, rising in the Dukedom of Berri; and passing to the Auron and Aurette by Bourges.

Aure, in La perche. See Eure.

Aurick, Auricum, a Town in East Friesland, with a Castle, in which the Count of Embden, for the most part resides. It is seated in a barren Country, a Plain, scarce 3 German Miles from Embden to the East: the Country about it is called from the Town Aurickerland.

Auriege or Lauriege, Alburacis, Aurigera, a River of France; first appearing in che County of Foix; then it salutes Foix, Pamiers, Saverdun, &c. admits the Lers, the Arget, and the Leze into its Channel, so throws itself into the Garonne 2 Leagues from Tholouse.

Aurillac or Orillac, Aureliacum, a very fine Town, well built, in high Auvergne in France, upon the River Jordane. It suffered severely in 1562. by the Wars.

Auron, Eura, a River of Bourdeaux in Aquitaine.

Ausbourg, Augusta Vindelicorum, Druso magus, Damasia. This City is called by the Inhabitants, Auspurg, by the French, Ausbourg, by the Italians, Augusta. It is a famed City of Germany, a place of great Trade, and the Capital City of the Province of Schwaben. It stands near the Borders of the Dukedom of Bavaria, upon the River Lech, (Lycus) near that place where the River Werdach falls into the Lech about 6 Miles from the Danube, to the South; 9 Miles from Ratisbone, and 10 from Constance: it is a Bishoprick, under the Archbishop of Mentz, and the City is an Hans Town, and has been honored with many German Diets; but is especially remarkable for that held there in 1530. when the Lutheran Princes and States did deliver in to Charles V. the Confession of their Faith, which from this place is called the Augustane Confession. This City first obtained their Charter of Liberty from Frederick I. An. 1162. and afterwards in 1266. they purchased their Freedom from the Duke of Schwaben. Jan. 24. 1689. Joseph King of Hungary was here Elected, Sworn, and Proclaimed the King of the Romans, and Crowned on the 26.

Ause, a River of Auvergne in France, joyning with the Allier.

Auses, an antient People of Africa mentioned by Herodotus.

S. Austel, a Market-Town in Cornwal, in the Hundred of Powder. It returns two Burgesses to the Parliament.

Austerlitz. See Slawkow.

Austrasie, Austracia, which the Germans called the Westrich; was a considerable part of France during the first Race of Kings; and had the Title of a Kingdom, which was afterwards called the Kingdom of Mets, because that City was the Capital of it. Under the second Race of Kings it was called the Kingdom of Lothaire. The bounds of it were very various, sometimes bigger, and at others less.

Austria, called by the Inhabitants Oesterreich, by the French. Autriche; by the Turks, Beetstan or Weetzstan; by the Poles, Rakusy; is a Province of Germany, bounded on the North by Bohemia and Moravia, on the East with Hungary, on the South with the Dukedom of Stiria, and on the West with Bavaria and Salsburgh: it is divided almost into two equal parts by the Danube. This Province was first under Marquesses from 928. In 1156. they had the Title of Duke given them: and Frederick, who was after Elected Emperor, had the Title of Arch-Duke conferred on him; which is the only Title of Arch-Duke in the World. From this Country it is that the House of Austria takes its Name, of which Family

=== descriptionPage 30 ===
the Emperors of Germany have been ever since 1438. and the Kings of Spain since 1515. It is a very fertile Country, amply supplyed with Mines and Rivers. Vienna, the Capital. The Archduke has a particular power of creating Counts and Barons over all the Empire by antient Concession, with this privilege besides, that he cannot be deprived of his Lands and Principalities by the Emperor himself.

Authie, Attilia, a River of Picardy in France. It arises near a Castle of the same name in Artois; glides by Dourlens and Auxi; then falls into the Sea at a place call'd Pas d'Authie.

Autun, Angustodunum, Hedua, is a very antient City in the Dukedom of Burgundy; and a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Lions; seated upon the River Arroux, Arotium, (which falls into the Loire,) 25 Miles West of Chalon, and about the same distance South-West from Dijon.

Auva, a City and Kingdom of Japan.

Auvagdonne, or Achad, Achadia, a City in the County of Gallway in Connaught in Ireland, which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Tuam.

Auvergne, Alvernia, is a large Province almost in the midst of France; it has the Dukedom of Bourbonne on the North, the Earldom of Forez on the East, the Marche and Limosin on the West, and on the South Rouergue. The Southern part is mountainous, the Northern is very well watered and fruitful. The chief Town is Clermont. It had Earls which govern'd it till 1024. when Philip the August put an end to this Earldom upon the Rebellion of Guido, the last Earl, and annexed it to the Crown of France. In this Province there are thirteen Towns, which send their Deputies to the Assembly of the States in France.

Aux, Auscii, an Archbishoprick and a City in the County of Armagnac in France. This City stands upon the River Sers, which runs not far before it falls into the Garonne. It is distant from Tholouse almost 20 Miles to the North-West, and the Archbishoprick is esteemed one of the richest in France.

Auxerre Antissiodorum, is a City and an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Sens, upon the River Yonne, (Icauna,) which falls into the Seyne, (Sequana.) This City is large and beautiful, seated in a fruitful Plain, about 12 Leagues from Sens.

Auxerrois, a small Territory in France, adjacent to Auxerre.

Auxois, Alexiensis tractus, a Bailiwick in Burgundy in France.

Auxone, Aussona, a small but very strong City of the Dukedom of Burgundy, upon the River Sone, from whence it has its name. It is five Leagues from Dijon, East, and four from Dole.

Auzone, Auzonum, a small City of Auvergne in France, in a mountainous Country, near the River Allier (Elaver) which falls into the Loire. It has an old Castle, and is distant from Clermont ten Leagues North.

Axbridge, a Market-Town in Somersetshire, in the Hundred of Winterstoke, upon the River Axe.

Axel, Axella, a small, but strong Town in Flanders, under the Dominion of the States of Holland, whose Surprisal was the first exploit of Count Maurice of Nassau, Captain General of the United Provinces, after his entrance upon that Employment in 1587. It stands 4 Leagues from Gant, and about 6 from Antwerp, West.

Axholm, an Island made by the Rivers Trent and Dun in Lincolnshire: About 10 miles in breadth and 5 in length. The middle part, which is the more rising ground, is very fruitful; and particularly of Flax. Alabaster is found in it.

Axmister, a Market Town in Devonshire upon the River Axe: the Capital of its hundred.

Axum, Auxuma, a City, and heretofore the Capital of the Kingdom of Tigre, in the Province of Sire in Aethiopia.

Ayr, a small Town upon Dunbritain Frith, in the South part of Scotland, with a River of the same name in the Territory of Kile; in which Oliver Cromwel built a strong Citadel or Fort, to keep the Scotch Nation in awe.

Ayr, Arola, a small River in France, which riseth in the Dukedom of Barrois; and running North, watereth Clermont and Varenne; and at last falls into the Aisne.

Aza, a Town in Cappadocia upon the Borders of Armenia betwixt Trebizonde and Neo-Cesaraea.

Azack, Tanais, See Asoph.

Azamor, a Town in the Province of Duguela in the Kingdom of Marocco, at the mouth of the River Ommirabi. The Portugueze took it in 1508 and in 1540 they abandoned it. The Moors afterwards repeopled it; but being all kill'd or taken in a night by a surprize of the Portugueze, it has continued desart ever since.

Azaotan, Azaot, the vast Desarts of Libya in Africa.

Azeca, an antient Town of the Amorites in Chanaan, where God Almighty rain'd down Hailstones upon them from Heaven. Josh. 10. 11. Rehoboam repair'd it. 2. Chron. 11. 9. It was afterwards ruined in the Wars by the King of Babylon. Jerem. 34. 7.

Azem, a Kingdom in the Terra firma of the Indies, beyond Ganges, in one of the most plentiful Countries of all Asia, for all things necessary to human life. The Capital of it, is Kemmerouf, 21 days journey distant from the Town Azem. The People live altogether at their ease. They esteem the flesh of dogs particularly above other meats, selling great quantities thereof in their Markets.

Azores, commonly call'd by English-men the Canary Islands, are 7 Islands in the Atlantick Ocean, not unknown to the Antients; and by Pliny, Solinus, and others, mentioned under the name of the Fortunate Islands; and tho they differ as to the number, yet all agree, Canaria was one of them; but which is most wonderful, the knowledge of them was perfectly lost till 1330. when a Ship being distressed by Weather, discovered them; and it is not agreed whether it was an English, French, or Dutch Ship. In 1334. the Portuguese attempted to conquer these Islands, and were beaten off. In 1417. Henry King of Castile granted these Isles to one John Betancourt, upon condition he should hold them under the Crown of Castile; and he accordingly subdued four of them. Ferdinando conquered the rest in 1483. and under Spain they are at this day. They had this name given them from the great number of Hawks the first Adventurers found in them. See Canary Isles.

Azotus, an antient City of Palestine. Taken heretofore by Joshua about the year of the World 2586. Then it became one of the five Governments of the Philistines, who detain'd the Ark in it. Since Christianity, it was made a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Cesarea. Baldwin I. took it from the Saracens in 1101. It had a Church built in it, and an Episcopal House in the particular place (they say) where St. Philip left the Eunuch he baptized, when he was rapt away by the Spirit. Sometimes call'd Azotus Paralia, to distinguish it from Azotus Ippini, which was another Episcopal See heretofore in Palestine. See Ashdod.

Azin-court, or Agincourt, a small Town in Artois in the Earldom of S. Paul, from which it is distant somewhat above 3 Leagues to the West, as it is also from Hesdin to the North. In 1415. Henry V.

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of England beat D'A•bret, Constable of France, who came against him with a French Army consisting of 80000 Men, near this small Town; which has given it a name amongst the most considerable Places of the World. See. Trussel. Life and Reign of Hen. V.

Azuayes, a poor People of Barbary and Numidia in Africa upon the Coasts and Mountains. They wear a Cross engraven upon their face or hands to distinguish them from other Africans. A Custom first introduced amongst them in token of their being Christians, according to a Law made, when the Gothish and Christian Princes reign'd in Barbary, that whereas all such Infidels as would embrace the Gospel were excused Tribute, therefore those who became Christians in reality should make themselves known to the publick Officers of the revenue by a Cross of that nature. They persevered in their Conversions till the Caliphs came in: And tho they wear the Cross still, yet it serves them with other Figures more for a pretended Ornament, than a token of Religion.

=== BAB. (Book b) ===
BAalhasar, mention'd 2 Sam. 13. 23. A place beside Ephraim in Judaea, where Absalom commanded his Servants to kill Amnon for forcing his Sister Thamar.

Baar, Vargiones, a County in Schwaben in Germany, near the Fountains of the Danube, in the Possession of the Prince of Furstemberg. Die Baar are also the Mountains of Schwaben, call'd Abnobi by the Romans.

Baaz, or the Isle de Baz, is an Island on the Coast of Bretagne in France.

Babelmandel, Diodori Insula, is a small Island in the Red Sea, belonging to Aethiopia, mentioned by Pliny, Ptolemy, Arrian, and others: but the later Geographers are not agreed whether this be it, or Primeira, which lies near it. It lies in the very entrance of the Red Sea, or Arabick Gulph, and gives name to that passage.

Babylon in Aegypt, stood over against Memphis, near the Nile. St. Peter wrote his First Epistle, its thought, from this Babylon; because the other was deserted before, as this since; yet forming Cairo out of its ruines.

Babolitza, Carethna, or Vallis Cariniana, a Town placed by Antiochus in the Lower Pannonia, now part of the Lower Hungary.

Baboliza, or Babolza, a Town of the Lower Hungary, call'd by Antoninus, Mansuetinum: it has now a Castle, and lies about five Hungarian Miles West of Zigeth; in our latter Maps it is call'd Babolcha.

Babuco, Bauco, Bovillae, a Town of S. Peter's Patrimony, near the Confines of Campania, and the Kingdom of Naples.

Babul, Pattala, or Patala, is one of the greatest Cities in the East-Indies, seated in an Island of the River-Indus, under the Dominion of the Great Mogul.

Bacalal, a Lake in the Northern America.

Bacar, Ituraea Trachonitis, a Region of Palestine, often mentioned in the New Testament. It lies beyond Jordan between Samaria and Arabia, and belonged to the Tribes of God and Reuben. The Inhabitants are famed in the Roman History for good Archers; tho Cicero, [2. Phil.] calls them at the same time, Omnium gentium maxime barbaros, the most barbarous of all Nations. They are mentioned also by Virgil, Lucan, and Vopiscus, on the same account. There is another Country in the East-Indies, call'd by the same name.

Baccharuch or Bachruch, a small Town in the Lower Palatinate upon the Rhine, in the greatest esteem for Wine of all the places in Germany: whence that Etymology of its name, Bacchi ara, descanted by H. Stephanus.

Bachad, Seleucia, a City of Mesopotamia upon the River Tigris: in antient times called Coche, and afterwards Alexandria from Alexandria the Great, who rebuilt it; after which being re-edified by Antiochus King of Syria, (who call'd it by his Father's name, Seleucia) and being again ruin'd, it was rebuilt in 762. by Almanusor Abugiafar the 22d. Calif, first on the Western Shoar of Tigris, and after on the Eastern in Chaldea: in time it grew great, rich, and populous, being the Seat of many of the Califs, and was call'd Bagdad, or Bagdet; that part which lay on the Western side, being deserted by degrees, is become a heap of Rubbish. This City lies in an oblong figure, is great and well fortified; it has a Bridge of Boats over the Tigris, and a strong Castle, in which the Turkish Bassa resides. It has been very often taken and re-taken by the Turks and Persians. The former possess'd themselves of it in 1638. after a bloody Siege, in which they lost 40000 Men, and have kept it ever since. It lies 79. 20. Long. 35. 40. Lat. and is by many Writers mistaken for Babylon, tho it lies at the distance of forty Miles from it, and upon the Tigris, whereas that lies upon the Euphrates.

Bach, Bachia, a small Episcopal City of the Lower Hungary, under the Archbishop of Colocza, upon the Danube, where the River S•rwizz• meets it. This Bishoprick is united for ever to the Metropolitan See; and it was in the hands of the Turks, till 1686. when, by the taking of Quinque Ecclesiae, and the deserting of Colooza by them, after Buda was taken, it returned under the Obedience of the Emperor.

Bachian, Bachianum, called Bacham by the Portugals; one of the Molucco Islands in the East-Indies, and a distinct Kingdom; small but very fruitful; under the Dominion of the King of Machian, from whence it lies about 30 Miles to the South, and a little less from the Island of Gioli; almost exactly under the Line. It has a Town of the same name, and a Fort belonging to the Dutch called Barnewelt.

Bacha Serrail, or Bacie-Saray, the Capital City of the lesser Tartary upon the River Kabarta, and the usual residence of the Cham of the Crims.

Bachu ... And there is also another City in Arabia Felix called by the same name in Ptolemy.

Backow, Bachow, Baccovia, a City of Walachia (as others of Moldavia) upon the River Alauta, which falls into the Danube a little above Nicopolis. This was made a Bishops See by Pope Clement VIII. under the Archbishop of Colocza: it is in the Northern Bounds of Walachia, about 25 Miles North, West of Targvisco, the Capital City of that Province. By some called Braislow.

Bacras, one of the Branches of Mount Taurus, which rises in Cilicia, a Province of Asia the less.

Baeueen, Baduhennae Lucus, a famous Forest in Friesland, one of the United Provinces mentionedby Tacitus: it is still the greatest Wood in all that Province; by the Common People called Seven-Wolden, that is the Seven Woods. It stands 3 Leagues from Groningen, to the Westward, towards Slote; others suppose it to be meant of Coevorden, a strong Town in Trans-Issillane, near the River Schwart-water, or Groeningen-Diep, (which falls near Groningen) called by the Romans, Virus; but the most common and best supported Opinion is the first.

Badai, a People of Tartaria Deserta, adoring the Sun, and some say, a red Clout elevated in the Air.

Badajox, Pax Augusta, a City of Estremadura, which heretofore belonged to Portugal, (inthe Confines of which it stands) but is now the Capital of Estremadura, a Province in the Kingdom of Leon in Spain: large, populous, and well fortified, and seated on a Hill. The Portugals after they had driven out the Spaniards very unfortunately, attempted the Recovery of this Place in 1658. It lies 3 Leagues from Yelves to the East, and 25 from Sevil to the North-West. It stands upon the River Guadiana, where the River Xevora falls into it on the opposite side. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Compostella: has a Bridge over the River, and was heretofore a Dukedom, erected by Henry IV. King of Castile. Anne, the Wife of Philip II. King of Spain, died here in 1580. It lies in 13. d. of Long. and 38. 45. of Lat.

Badara, a Town in the East-Indies, in a Peninsula on this side of the River Ganges, upon the Coast of Malabar, in the Kingdom of Calecut, 6 Leagues from Calecut to the East.

Badelona, a Town of Catalonia in Spain, call'd by Mela, Baetulo: once famous, now a Village, not far from Barcinone, and about a League from a River of the same name heretofore, now called Besos, which falls into the Mediterranean Sea between these two Places.

Baden, Ober Baden, Aquae, Castellum Aquarum, Thermae superiores, a Town in Switzerland, between Zurich, (from which it is distant two Leagues) and Basil, from which it stands six Leagues. As the Assemblies of the Cantons are usually held here, this place is famed for a League treated amongst themselves in 1656. There was a general meeting of the Deputies of the 13 Suisse Cantons held here, Octob. 1690. wherein they resolved, in reference to the present War betwixt the Confederate Princes and France, that they would maintain a Neutrality; but withal secure the pass of Augst, and the Bishoprick of Basle, with the four Forrest Towns, in which the French did pretend to take their Winter Quarters It lies upon the River Limat, (Limagus) which a little beneath falls into the Aar (Arola) the greatest River in those Countries, which falls into the Rhine at Waldhust, a Town of Schwaben.

Baden, Bada, Thermae Inferiores, a small City of Schwaben in Germany, the Head of the Marquisate of that name; 5 Leagues from Strasburg to the South-East, 1 from the Rhine, and 8 from Spire: famous for its natural Baths, from whence it has its name. The Marquisate is of no great extent, but very populous, and the Villages so thick, lying along the Rhine, that the whole Principality is compared to one continued City. Long. 28. 40. Lat. 82. 20. It is called by the Germans, Margraven Baden, to distinguish it from other places called by the name of Baden. The Original of the Noble Family now possessed of this Honor, was from the Duke of Zering; for Bertholdus I. was the Father of Hermanaus, the first Founder of this Family, which is now divided into two Branches, the one professing the Protestant, and the other the Roman Catholick, Religion; of the later Branch comes the present Prince Lewis, who, since the Death of the Duke of Lorrain, has been honored by the Emperor with the general Command of all his Forces in Hungary; and obtained great Victories.

Baden, Aquae Pannoniae, a Town in Austria, 3 Leagues from Vienna to the South, seated at the foot of the Mountains.

Badenoch, in Latin Badenochia, is a County in the North of Scotland, of a barren Soil, full of Mountains; divided in two by a great Lake, and bounded by the Counties of Murray, Ross and Athol.

Badenweiler, a City in the Province of Brisgow in Germany, between Friburg and Basil; yet a part of the Marquisate of Baden, and famous for Hot Baths.

Baeotia. See Boeotia.

Baern. See Berghen.

Baetica, one of the 3 antient parts of Spain, taking its name from the River Baetis which we now call Guadalquivir; See Spain. Its principal Cities were Sevil and Corduba. From the time that Alphonsus King of Castile was defeated here, by Aben Joseph K. of Morocco, in the Year 1195. the Saracens possessed it unto the Reign of Ferdinand V.

Baeza, Biatia, a City of Andalusia. It was heretofore an Episcopal City, under the Archbishop of Toledo; but in 1249. its Bishoprick was united by Pope Innocent IV. to that of Jaen or Gaën. [Glenna] This City was recovered from the Moors by Ferdinand King of Castile, in 1227. It was a Roman Colony, then called Ʋrbs Baetica. Here is an University, erected in 1538. and the Town is large, and stands upon a Hill one League from the River Guadalquivir.

Baffin's Bay, a Gulph extended from the 70th to the 80th deg. of North Lat. in the Terra Australis of America; discovered by an Englishman who gives his Name to it.

Baffo, Paphos, a City in the Island of Cyprus, once famous, now ruin'd.

Bagaloag, a Town upon the Frontier of Bosnia in Dalmatia, under the Turks.

Bagamidri, a Kingdom in the upper Aethiopia, lying along the Nile to the West. It is ordinarily divided into 17 Provinces, whereof some are large enough to be Kingdoms.

Bagaudes, a People amongst the antient Gauls. They revolted twice from the Romans, at the end of the third and in the Fifth Century; and were each time defeated.

Bagaya, Bagy, Vaga, a City of Numidia in Africa. The Emperor Justinian Wall'd it, and newnam'd it Theodora from his Empress. In 394. the Donatist Bishops celebrated a Council here, concerning the Cause of Primianus Bishop of Carthage.

Bagdat, or Bagdet. See Bachad.

Bagdasan, Bactra, a small City at the foot of Mount Caucasus, seated in a fruitful Soil, much celebrated in antient times; now of no Note.

Bagnabar. See Golconde.

Bagnarea, Balneum regis, Balneo regium, Novem populi, so called by the order of Desiderius King of the Lombards, as Paulus Diaconus saith. It is an Episcopal City in S. Peters Patrimony, built upon a Hill near the Lake Bolsena; it stands almost in the middle between Mount Fiascone and Orvieto, from which last it is not above 6 Miles distant to the South. In this Place S. Bonaventure, who flourished in the twelfth Century, with the Title of the Seraphical Doctor, was born.

Bagneres, a Town in the County of Bigorre in Gascony in France, famous for its hot Baths till 1660. when that natural Fire which heated them, was extinguished by an Earthquake, as Brietius saith.

Bagni d'Abano, Fontes Aponi, Aquae Petavinae, a place that has Baths, in the Territory of Padoua in Italy.

Bagni, di Salviati, a place not far from Cuma, where Cesar the Dictator had a Country House.

Bagni di Tritolino, a place in Campania, where Cicero had a Country House, not far from Puteolum. To these and divers other places in Italy, they gave the Pre-names of Bagni, from their Baths; wherein the antient Romans delighted so, that P. Victor reckons 800 of them in Rome only.

Bagrava, Galesus, a small River that springs from the Apennine Hills, near the City Oria, in the County of Otranto in the Kingdom of Naples; and running Westward, falls into the Bay of Taranto, not far from that City which gives its Name. This River is now commonly called Galeso.

Bahama, an Island, and the most rapid Channel in all America, Eastward from Florida; through which the Spanish Fleets pass to the Havana.

Baharen, Ichara, Tylus, an Island in the Persian Gulph. Others say it is Carge, another Island in the same Gulph, over against the mouth of the River Euphrates, that the Ancients meant by these Names. It is called by others Elchadr.

Bahar-Eunil, one of the Branches of the Nile in Aethiopia.

Bahar-Zocoroph, the Persian Gulph.

Bahar-Rumi, the Mediterranean Sea.

Bahia de todos los Santos, the same with S. Salvador in Brasil.

Bahuys, Bahusium, a strong Castle situated in a small Island made by the River Trolhetta, which falls a little lower into the Baltick Sea. It heretofore belonged to the Kingdom of Denmark, but in 1658. was taken by the King of Sweden, together with the County of the same Name. It stands two Danish Miles from Gottenburg towards the North. This Castle was built by Hakin IV. King of Norway in 1309. surrendred by Treaty to the Swedes in 1660 who before were in Possession of it; attempted by the Danes in 1678. but without any good Success. The Province in which it lies is bounded on the East with West Gotlandt, on the West by the Baltick Sea, and by the County of Aggerhuis towards the North. It lies 100 Miles in length from the North to the South, but it is not above 30 Miles broad, and in many places but 15. It has, besides the Castle I mentioned, a Town called Malstrano. This Territory was yielded to the Swedes by the Treaty of Roschild in 1658.

Baja, Baiae, a City of Campania in Italy, now ruined. It was the delight of the antient Romans. Separated from Pozzuoli by an Arm of the Tyrrhenian Sea, about 2 Leagues over, which the Emperor Caligula cover'd with a famous Bridge, passing and repassing the same in Triumph. The noble Rests yet extant discover that it has been a very magnificent Place. Since the times of Christianity, an Episcopal Chair was placed and settled in it, till its ruine was effected by Earthquakes.

Bajaria, Eleutherus, a River of Sicily. It falls into the Mediterranean Sea, 8 Miles East of Palermo and the River Oreto, on the Western side of the Island.

Baicadul, Batancaesarea, a City of the East-Indies within Ganges.

Baida, a Region of Tartary the Desart. See Badai.

Baieux, a City and Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Roan in Normandy in France, upon the River Aure, which a little lower buries itself under ground. It stands not above 2 Miles from the Brittish Sea towards the South. The College of Bajeux at Paris, was founded in 1308. by a Bishop of this place.

Bailleul, Baliola. See Belle.

Baionne. See Bayonne.

Bair, Barus, a River of the Low Countries.

Bais, Bacium, a Monastery in France, which lies between Corbie and Amiens upon the Somme [Sumina] over against Peronne.

Baise, Balisa, a River in Poictou in France.

Bakewell, a Market-Town in Derbyshire in the Hundred of High-Peak.

Bala, a Market-Town in the County of Merioneth in Wales, in the Hundred of Penllyn.

Balagata, a Kingdom in the Peninsula of Malabar, in the hither East-Indies, extended among the Branches of the Mountains of Gare, making a part

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of the great Kingdom of Decan. Its chief City, Doltabad, is a place of great Trade.

Balaguer, Ballegarium, a City of Catalonia, seated at the foot of a very steep Hill, having a Stone Bridge over the River Segre: it was made famous by being taken by the French in the Year 1645▪ after a Defeat of the Spanish Forces, which should have covered it. It lies 3 Leagues from Lerida. [Ilerda] to the South East.

Balambuan, a City in the Island of Java in the East-Indies, with a Sea-Port towards the East. This City gives its Name to a Bay of the Sea, which lies near it.

Balassia, Audus, a River of Mauritania in Africa: it falls into the African Sea, between the Towns of Jatath and Igilgilim, at the Promontory call'd Capo di Gibramel.

Balaton, Volceae, a very great Lake in the Western part of the lower Hungary, lying about thirty Miles in length from the North-West to the South-East, but its breadth is not above six Miles: it has Vesprin on the South, Canisa on the West, and Alba Regalis on the East: The Germans call it Platzee.

Balbastro, Barbastrum, a City of the Kingdom of Aragon in Spain, upon the River Vero (Verum) where it falls into the Cinga about 8 Miles from Hu•scar (Osca) to the West, and Ilerda, now Lerida, to the North East. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Zaragoza, from which distant 14 Miles. This City was recovered from the Moors in the Year 1102. Call'd by some, heretofore, Bergidum; and by others, Belgida.

Balbec, Heliopolis, Caesarea Philippi, A City antiently of Coelesyria, at the foot of Mount Libanus; which was at first a Bishops See, made afterwards a Metropolitan under the Patriarch of Antioch. It is incompassed with very high Hills on all sides; and lies at the equal distance of about 32 Miles from Damascus, Tripoli, and Abyla.

Baldino, Ʋfens, a River of Italy arising in St. Peter's Patrimony, at a place call'd Casenove, 2 Miles from Setia; and falls into the Mare di Toscana near Terradina a City of Campania. It is now commonly call'd il portatore.

Baldo•, a Market-Town in Hartfordshire, in the Hundred of Broadwater.

Baleares, The Islands of Majorca and Minorca. See Majorca. It is remarkable, that amongst the slain in the Noble Battel of Creci in 1344. the King of the Baleares was one.

Balestra, Balista, a Branch of the Apennine in the Road to Parma, by the Valley of Tari, between Liguria and Hetruria.

Ba••, The most Easterly Kingdom in the Grand Empire of Abyssinia in Africa.

Balkan, a Mountain of Thrace call'd Haemus of old, dividing Thrace from Bulgaria: so very high, that from the top of it the Euxine Sea may be seen. It runs from the East to the West, and ends at the City of Mesembiria; out of it spring the Rivers Hebrus, now Mariza, which watereth Hadrianople; and Strymon, now Stromona. The Sclavonians call it Cumoniza; the Italians, Costegnazzo, or the Chain of the World; and the Turks Balkan.

Ballingacarrigy, a Ca••le near Cavan in the County of Cavan in Ireland. It had a Garison of about 200 Men in it, when Colonel Wolseley with a Party of King William's Forces came to attack it. And is naturally so strong, that none (as the Account says) but Irish Men would have been beaten out of it without Canon. After some Resistance, which however cost Colonel Wolseley dearer than he expected; they agreed to surrender it on terms, May 13▪ 1690.

Ba••a•, or Balza•, a Territory in the Dukedom of Angoumois in France, upon the River Charen•e, giving its name to the Family of the Guëz, which lately produced the most eloquent Man of France, Monsieur Balsac, a perpetual honour to his Country, and particularly this place. He died Feb. 28. 1654. §. The like in the Province of Auvergne, whence another antient Family receives their Title.

Balsara, Balsera, Teredon, a City attributed by Ptolemy and Ae•ian to Babylon, by others to Arabia. It belongs now to Arabia Deserta, and lies near the Confines of Arabia Foelix, near the Borders of the Province of Hierach. A great City, and of good Trade, and stands at the Conjunction of the Tigris and Euphrates, where they fall into the Persian Gulph. After the King of Persia had taken Ormus in the Year 1622, the English, Dutch, and Portuguese betook themselves to this Place, and setled their Factories here. In times past it was under the Kings of Persia, afterwards taken by the Turks. The Haven is safe and large, and stands about 12 miles above the Persian Gulph, on the Western shoar; and in the neighboring Villages many Christians of the Sabborites, or of St. John, live.

Baltimore Bay, a Bay and Haven in the Province of Mounster in the Kingdom of Ireland, and in the Earldom of Desmond, upon the Western Ocean.

The Baltick Sea, Sinus Co▪danus, may justly be call'd the Northern Mediterranean. It has no Communication with the Ocean, but by a narrow Streight call'd the Sound▪ which parts Jutland from Gothland: from the Cape of Schagen in Jutland, it bends to the South-East, as far as the Island of Zeland, which restrains it to so narrow a breadth, that the Castles of Elsene•r and Elsenborg command the Passage, and enable the King of Denmark to enforce a Tribute from all Ships trading in or out of the Baltick Sea: from thence it runs South, and washeth the Dukedom of Mekelenburg and Pomerania, as far as Dantzick: from thence it turns North again, and washeth Curland and Livonia as far as Nargen, where it is divided into two other great Bays; one of which is called the Bay of Finland, and divides Finland from Livonia. In this Bay lies Narva, the Capital of Livonia, heretofore the Store-house of the North: a little more North it receives the River Severi; into which run Ladoga and Onega, two vast Lakes that part Megrina and Cornelia, and run up almost as far as the White Sea, with which they seem also to have some Communication by their Rivers: from hence the Baltick runs to the North, as far as Wybourg•; where it turns again and runs South West as far as the Islands of Aland; and here begins the 2d, Branch of the Baltick call'd the Finnisch or Bot•er Sea; which runs North and South, leaving on the East Finland and Boddia, and on the West Sweden and Finmarck: at the most Northern Point of it lies Tornia, a Sea-Port Town. The various Countries which do border upon this Sea, and have little or no Communication with the other Seas, make it much frequented by Merchants of all Nations.

Baly, an Island of the East-Indies, East of Java, about 12 Miles in compass, very fruitful and well inhabited. It is thought to be the lesser Java, being separated from the greater only by a Bay.

Bamba, a Province of the Kingdom of Congo in Africa, with a Town of the same Name: it lies between Loanda to the South, and the River Zaire to the North, on the Western Shoar of Africa, beyond the Line. There is a Province in the South America, in the Kingdom of Papaian, under the Spaniards; and a Village in Castile in Spain, both of the same Name.

Bamberg, Gravionarium, Bamberga, a City of Germany in the Circle of Franconia, upon the River

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Rednit, which a little lower falls into the Mayn. It is a Bishops See, (under the Archbishop of Mayence, for some time) now immediatly dependent on the Pope. This City was made a Bishoprick by Henry II. Emperor; and had its Name from Baba, a Daughter of Otho the Emperor; and it signifieth in the German Tongue, the Hill of Baba. It is under the Civil Jurisdiction of its own Bishop; and stands about six Miles from Wurtzburg, to the North-East, and Nurenburg to the North-West. In this City died Henry II. in 1025. Conradus III. in 1152. Philip I. in 1208. It was antiently a free Imperial City, but not now: there belongs to it a small Territory or Diocese, which lies along the Mayn and the Rednit, extending in length from North to South 25 German Miles, but much restrained as to its breadth by the Marquisate of Culembach on the East, and the Bishoprick of W••tsburg on the West: besides these, he has some few Towns in Carinthia which were subjected to the Emperor by a Treaty in the Year 1535. with Ferdinando I. Henry II. (called St. Henry) built here a very magnificent Church for the Remission of his Sins in the Year 1007, and subjugated this City, with all its Dependencies to the Popes of Rome; but it was after redeem'd by Henry V. who gave that See the City of Benevento in Italy in Exchange for it. The antient City of Prague in Bohemia, is a Fee belonging to this Bishoprick; and the Electors of Saxony and Brandenburg hold other considerable Fees of it. There is another small Town of this Name in the Kingdom of Bohemia. Bamberg lies in 32. 49. Long. 49. 51. Lat.

Bambycatii, an antient People near the River Tigris in Asia; said to bury their Gold, Silver, and all Mettal that can be coyn'd into Money, in the desarts, to prevent the growth, thence issuing, of vice and corruption amongst them.

Bampton, a Market Town in Devonshire, and another in Oxfordshire, both Capitals of their Hundreds. The latter is situated near the River Isis, and affords a liberal Maintenance to 3 Vicars besides the Parson.

Banea, a City and Island to the Eastern point of the great Island of Sumatra in the East-Indies; separated from Sumatra by the Streights of Banca, over against Palimban.

Bancok, a regular and important Fortress in the Kingdom of Stam in the East-Indies.

Banda, an Island in the Indian Ocean to the South of the Island of Seran 20 Leagues, comprehending under the general name of Banda the 6 lesser Islands of Nera, Gunapi, Lantor, Puloway, Pulorin, and Bassingen: These being considered as parts of the Island of Banda. They drive a very great Spice trade, enjoy a perpetual Spring, and it is ordinary with the Inhabitants to live to 120 years. There is a good road to Banda, with two Forts to defend it, built by the Hollanders. The Natives are Mahometans; but believe the dead will never come to life again, unless they living pray for them.

Bandbury, or Banbury, a Corporation in the Northern part of the County of Oxon, upon the West side of the River Cherwel, which here divides the County of Northampton from that of Oxon. Near this place, Kimrick, King of the West Saxons, overthrew the Britains in a set Battel, manfully fighting for their Lives and Fortunes: and after this, Richard Nevil, Earl of Warwick, in the same place overthrew Edward IV. and took him Prisoner, and restored Henry VI. to the Crown. In the late Rebellion, this Place was taken, and garrison'd for Charles I. in 164•. after Edgehill Fight; in 1644, under the Command of Sir William Compton, it endured a sharp Siege, and several Storms, till it was relieved by the Earl of Northampton: after which it continued unattempted till the Year 1646, when it endured another sharp Siege for ten Weeks together, under the same Governor; who at last (after the King had put himself into the hands of the Scots) when it was not possible the Place could be relieved, surrendered it upon honorable Terms to the Rebels the 11th of May. The Family of the Knollys have been Earls of this Place ever since the Year 1626.

Bander-Abassi, a City upon the Coast of the Province of Farsistan in Persia, opposite to the Isle of Ormus; Sirnamed Abassi from Cha-Abas King of Persia the first Founder of its Commerce, which has rendred it the general place of resort for Vessels from the Indies, as of an English and Dutch Factory, being esteem'd the best Region of all the Persian Gulph. Yet so intolerably hot in the Summer Months, that the Air, the Arabians say, is poysonous, and causes sudden suffocations. It is fortified with two opposite Forts.

Bander-Congo, A City of Persia two days sail from the precedent, where both the Air and Water are commendable. But the dangerousness of the passage from Ormus to it, amidst a number of Islets, deprives it of the benefit of Commerce.

Bando, A City and Kingdom in the States of the great Mogul in the East-Indies, betwixt the Kingdom of Delli and the Province of Agra.

Banghor, Bangor, Bonium, or Bovium (in the old British Language call'd Bamornabyrig) an old Roman Town in Flintshire; but belonging to Cheshire; mentioned by Antoninus: and much more famous after the Plantation of Christianity in Britain, for a vast Monastery here, consisting of about 2000 Monks, qui omnes de labore manuum suarum vivere solebant, says Bede, who all wrought hard for their Livings: 200 of these, Edilfred, a Pagan Saxon King of Northumberland slew, because they implored Christ's Assistance in their Prayers for their Country-men against the Saxons. When Augustin the Monk came to convert the Saxons, here was a numerous Monastery; but before the Norman Conquest it was intirely ruin'd, as Camden acquaints us out of William of Malmsbury; to which Augustin the Monk is said or suspected to have lent his helping hand. Since that, those very Ruines are by time defaced: yet the Names of two of its Gates remain, Port Hogan and Port Cleis, which stand a Mile asunder; between which are found very often pieces of the Roman Money. This place stands upon the River Dee, East of Wrexham. §. Bangor the Bishoprick, is a different Place from the precedent, and stands in the County of Carnarvan in Wales upon the River Menay; call'd by the Latin Authors, Bangorium and Bangoria. This Bishoprick is of so antient a foundation, that we do not find its Original. The Cathedral is dedicated by the name of S. Daniel, who was Bishop here about the Year 516. From which time to the 11th. Century that Hernaeus filled the See, we have no Account of the succession. In 1496. Henry Deane, Bishop, repair'd the Cathedral after it had been defaced by the Rebel Owen Glendower. In 1541. Arthur Bulkeley Bishop, reduced the Bishoprick to a low Condition by unworthy sales and alienations. The Diocese contains the County of Carnarvan, with parts of Denbigh, Merioneth and Montgomery, and the whole Isle of Anglesey.

Banjaluth, Blandona, a large and well fortified Town in Bosnia near the Mountains, under the Dominion of the Turks, upon the River Cetina.

Banjans, a People universally scattered over the Provinces of the Indies, but most numerous in the Kingdom of Guzurate, and notorious for worshiping the Devil (together with a God) as the author of all

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the Evils of this Life, under a frightful Figure represented to them, to pacifie him and engage him in their Favor. In some things they are Mahometan▪ like; in others, divided amongst themselves into Sects, greater or less, almost innumerable, according as they affect their particular Superstitions. The Europeans use them for Managers and Interpreters in their Dealings with the Indians.

Banara, a City of the East-Indies in the Kingdom of Bengala, upon the River Ganges; under the Dominion of the Great Mogul, about 40 Miles from Gouro to the North, and 100 from Halavassa towards the South. Probably the same with Benares. See Benares.

Banny, or Ban, Argita, one of the largest Rivers of the Kingdom of Ireland. It ariseth in the County of Downe in the Province of Ʋlster; and having entertained some other Rivers, it falls into the vast Lake of Neaugh; afterwards dividing the County of Colrane, on the West of it, from that of Antrim on the East, it falls into the Caledonian Ocean, a little below Colrane Castle. This River divides the Province of Ʋlster into two parts: but Mr. Camden is rather of Opinion, that the Latin Name belongs to the Swilly, another great River in the same Province, but a little more to the West than this.

Bantam, a very great City, and a famous Mart and Sea Port in the Island of Java in the East-Indies, and the Capital of a Kingdom of the same Name. This City is seated at the foot of an Hill, 18 Leagues from the City of Batavia towards the West, upon a narrow Passage call'd the Streights of Bantam, right over against the Island of Sumatra. It has a very good Harbor belonging to it called the Sound, and was much frequented by the European Merchants, especially the English and Dutch. The Kingdom of Jacatra is subject to this Prince, and he has often made War with the Dutch, with reasonable good Success, till about the Year 1684. A Son of the King of Bantam rebelling against his Father, called the Dutch to his Assistance, by which means the Dutch possessed themselves of Bantam, seized the English Factory and their Effects, and made themselves sole Masters of that Trade. The Controversie between them and the English not being determined to this day. The old King in the mean time was kept a Prisoner, first at Bantam, afterwards in the Castle of Batavia; whither he was conducted in November 1687, with a formal Solemnity, and there lodged with his Wife, and some Slaves to attend him.

Bantry, a Bay in the Province of Munster in Ireland, where Admiral Herbert, now Earl of Torrington, engaged the French Fleet, May 1▪ 1689▪ upon their arrival with Succors for Ireland: which however were landed the day after.

Banya, Rivuli Puellarum, a Town of Transylvania, 6 Leagues from Bestercze to the West, not far from the Confines of the Upper Hungary.

Banza. See S. Salvador in Africa.

Bapalme, Balma, a strong Town in Artois, seated upon a rising Ground in the Borders of Picardy. This Town has been in the hands of the French ever since the Year 1641. It was yielded to them by the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. It stands at an equal distance from Peron, (a Town of Picardy) towards the South, and Arras towards the North.

Bar, a strong Town in Podolia, having a Castle built upon an Hill, and surrounded with Marshes, which contribute very much to its defence: It stands upon the River Kow, 18 Polonian Miles from Caminieck to the East, and as many from Barklow towards the West. This Town is under the Turks.

Bar, or Barrois, a Dukedom of France, betwixt Champagne and Loraine, incorporated after divers Revolutions, by the Concession of the Pyrenaean Treaty (as the French interpret it) in 1659▪ with the Crown of that Kingdom. Its Capital City is Bar¦le Duc. It lies on each side the Meuse; which divided it heretofore into the Royal and Ducal Barrois; both then belonging to the House of Loraine, they doing Homage to the King of France for the same.

Bar sur Aube, a fine Town in Champagne in France, but ill pav'd; it has its name from the River [Albula] Aube, on which it stands; upon the foot of an Hill in a very pleasant Country; about 8 Leagues from Ar•is towards the South, and as many from Troys towards the South-West, and 7 from Chastillon towards the North-East. This place is in much esteem for the delicious Wine the Country yields.

Bar, sur Seyne, a small City in the Dukedom of Burgundy, in the Confines of Champagne; seated in a Mountainous Country; about 5 Miles West of Bar sur Aube.

Bara. a Town in the Province of Gorga, in the Upper Aethiopia, near the Lake of Zaflan.

Barampour, a City of the East-Indies, under the Dominion of the Mogul, in the Kingdom of Candis. It lies 100 Miles from Surat towards the East, upon the River Tapi: this Place is called by others Barampore, and heretofore Baramatis, as Herbert saith.

Baranateta, the Name of a City and Kingdom in the Asian Tartary.

Barathrum, a deep Pit in Attica in Greece, contrived with Iron Spikes and Tenters, for a place of Execution, throwing the Malefactors Headlong into it, in antient times.

Barbadoes, one of the most considerable Plantations which the English have upon the Caribby Islands: it lies in 13. d. 20. m. Northern Lat. and 321. of Long▪ about 8 Leagues in length, and 5 in breadth, and inhabited by 50000. English, besides Negros, who are three times their number. This Island was first discovered to the English by Sir William Curteen, in the Reign of James I. but was then wholly desolate. The English soon after Planted it, and were driven at first to great Extremities; because Ships came very rarely and slowly thither from England; till having about the Year 1627. raised some Tobacco, Indico, Cotton-Wool and Fustick-Wood, and after that falling into the Sugar Trade, its Reputation and Wealth increased. And this Colony which for a long time subsisted by the courtesie or negligence of the Spaniards, grew so strong and numerous, that all their after Attempts signified nothing. Their Sugars, which at first were coarse, and would quickly melt if not spent, are now improved to a great Perfection. This Island is not well Watered with Rivers, or fresh Springs; yet lying now, they want not that Element, being supplied by Pools, Ponds, and Cisterns. It is very fruitful, and enjoys a perpetual Summer: Hot, but cooled by the Briezes which rise with the Sun, and blow fresher as the Sun gets higher. The chief Town of this Island is S. Michaels, situate at the bottom of Carlisle Bay, in the Southern part of the Island, where Ships have a very secure Harbor.

Barbara, a small Village in the Island of Sicily; but once a City of great Fame, and much taken notice of by Greek and Latin Writers, under the several names of Aegesta, Egesta, Acesta and Segesta, &c. It lies 22 Miles from the Promontory and City of Drepanum, now called Trapano, to the North-West, and 40 from Palermo, upon the Western Shoar of the Island; near it runs a small River which now beareth the name of S. Bartholomew.

Barbela, a River in the Kingdom of Congo in Africa, which falls into the River Zaire, which washeth the Walls of S. Saviour, or Banza, the Capital of this Kingdom.

Barbenzon, Barbentio, a Principality in Hainaut.

Barberino, Barberinum, a small Town in Tuscany in Italy, from whence the Noble Family of the Barberines receive their name; of which Family Pope Ʋrban VIII. was, who succeeded Gregory XV. and sate 21. Years, viz. from 1623. to 1644. This small Town is built upon an Hill, in the Road between Florence and Siena, 16 Miles from the former toward the South.

Barbowyna, Berbis, a Village of the lower Hungary, where the Ruins of an antient Roman Town are yet seen upon the Drave: 3 German Miles from Quinque Ecclesiae towards the South.

Barbuda or Barbada, one of the Caribby Islands in America, under the English; but of no very great Account. It is in length 15 Miles, Lat. North 17. d. •

Barca, Marmorica, a small Kingdom in Africa, on the West of Egypt, and the Mediterranean Sea; under the Empire of the Turks. But there is no Town of any note in it; there is adjoining to it a Desart called by the same name.

Barce•, Barcetum, a Castle in the Dukedom of Parma, between the Rivers of Parma and Taro, and the Apennine: 22 Miles from Parma, toward the South, and 16 from Pentremoli. There was antiently a very famous Monastery built here by the Kings of the Lombards.

Barcelona, Barcino, a City of Catalonia in Spain which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tarragona; and an University: it has an excellent Port upon the Mediterranean Sea, well Traded, and also a Castle. This City is the Capital of that Province, and esteemed one of the best Cities of Spain. Built by Hamilcar a Carthaginian, and called by his Punick Sirname of Barca. In the Year of our Lord 805. it was recovered out of the hands of the Moors, by S. Lewis, King of France: it is seated between the outlet of the River Badelona [Baetulo] which runs on the Eastern sides, and that of Lobregat [Rubicatus] which at the distance of 2 Miles on the Eastern side, falls into the Mediterranean Sea. It stands 12 Leagues from Tarragona East, and 16 from ••rona towards the South, and 13 from Ossuna Taken by the French in 1640▪ but returned under the Spaniard in 1652▪ after a very sharp Siege. This City was Honored with the Title of an Earldom by Lewis the Good, after he had taken it from the Saracens. Charles the Gross, gave this Earldom to Godfrey d'Arria, for his Service against the Normans, and his Heirs: after the Death of Raimond the last Earl, it was united to the Kingdom of Arragon in 1162. There were 3 small Councils celebrated in this City; one in 540. one in 603. and the last in 1064. James II. King of Arragon died here in 1327 Alfonsus IV. in 1336. and John II. in 1479.

Barcelonette, a Town and Valley in Provence heretofore, now in the Dominions of the Duke of Savoy. Built or rebuilt by Raimond V. Earl of Provence, in 1231▪ who called it by this name, in memory that his Ancestors came into Provence from Barcelona in Spain.

Barcelor, a City of the East-Indies, under the Dominion of the King of Bisnagar, upon the Sea Shoar, between Goa and Canora. It lies in almost 15▪ d. of Northern Lat. and Long. 105. This City was some time under the Portuguese, but is now recovered bythe King of Bisnagnar, a potent Indian Prince. It was also heretofore the Capital of a distinct Kingdom.

Barcelos, Celiobriga, a small Town in Portugal, Honored with the Title of a Dukedom. It lies in the County of Entre Douro é minho, upon the River Cavado, which not far from thence falls into the Atlantick Ocean; 6 Leagues North of Porto, and 4 West of Braga.

Barcena, Coloe, a Marsh in Aethiopia, out of which ariseth the River of Astapus, as Ptolomy saith.

Bardewic, a most antient City in Saxony within a Mile of Lunenburg, said to be built 990 Years before the coming of our Saviour.

Bardi, a People amongst the antient Gauls, in very great Esteem with them for Poetry and Musick: supposed to dwell about Montbard, or Mont-Barri, in Latin Mons Bardorum, a Mountain in the Territory of Auxois in Burgundy, which still retains their Name.

Bardt, a small Town in Pomerania in Germany upon the Baltick Sea, which has yet a large Haven, and a very fine Castle, and a Lordship belonging to it, near the River Bart. This place was yielded to the Swedes by the Treaty of Munster, in 1647. taken by the Elector of Brandenburgh, but restored to them again in 1679. it lies 3 German Miles from the Borders of the Dukedom of Mecklebourg, and at the same distance from Damgarden towards the North-East, and about 8 from Berghen in the Isle of Rugia to the West.

Bareyt, a well built Town, very handsom, in Franconia in Germany. The ordinary Residence of the Marquess of Brandenburg, who has a noble Castle here.

Bargemon, Bargemonum, a Town in Provence in France, 5 Leagues from the Sea, in the Diocese of Freius, upon a fertile little Hill: heretofore one of the Apannages belonging to the Cadets of the House of the Earls of Provence. It is now observable for a miraculous Image of the B. Virgin, whose History is written by Lewis Sylvacane.

Barwick. See Berwick.

Bari, Barium, a City in the Kingdom of Naples in a Province of the same name, called Terra di Bari; which has been long Honored with the Title of a Dutchy; it is an Archbishops See, well fortified, and has an indifferent good Haven upon the Adriatick, about 20 Miles distant from Poliano to the South-East,

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and Trani to the North-West. It has its name, as Festus writes, from Bara, a small Island near Brindisi, [Brundusium] the Inhabitants thereof building this City. The Body of S. Nicolas, Bishop of Myra in Lycia, one of the Fathers who opposed Arius in the first Council of Nice, is preserved in this City. P. Ʋrban II. celebrated a Council here in 1098. in which Anselme Archbishop of Canterbury disputed the cause of the procession of the Holy Ghost, and of the Union of the Eastern Church with the Western, against the Greeks. The Terra di Bari is a part of the antient Apulia Peucetia, upon the gulph of Venice, betwixt the Basilicate and Terra di Otranto.

Barilliana, an Island at the mouth of the Danube.

Barjols, Barjolum, a Town and Bailywick in Provence in France, in a very fruitful soil, adorn'd with a Collegiat Church since the Year 1060. During the Civil Wars of France, the Protestants took it in 1562. Those of the League retook it in 1590.

Barking, a Market Town in the County of Essex in the hundred of Becontree.

Barkshire. See Berkshire.

Barkway, a Market Town in Hartfordshire in the hundred of Edwinstree.

Barle-Duc, a neat and beautiful City, the Capital of the Dukedom of Barrois, built by Frederick I. Duke of Loraine in 951, upon the River Ornain, about 15 Miles from Nancy to the West, and thirteen from Chaalons: heretofore under the Dukes of Loraine: but now incorporated into the Province of Champagne in France.

Barletta, Barolum, or Barulum, a City situate in or near the place of the old Canusium in Apulia Peucetia in Italy; an Haven or Sea-Port, reckoned for one of the four strong Holds of Italy in the middle Ages. It lies upon the Adriatick Sea, about 24 Miles West of Bari, 4 South of the Outlets of the River of Ofanto. A large and beautiful City, and the Seat of the titular Archbishop of Nazareth.

Barlinguas, Erythiae, a knot of small Islands upon the Coast of Portugal, call'd by various names. They lie between the C. de Rocca to the South, and the C. de Mondego to the North; and not above 2 Leagues from the Shores of Estremadura.

Barmach, an extraordinary high mountain in the Province of Schirvan in Persia. The ruines of several Fortresses appear upon it, supposed to have been built by Alexander M. and demolished by Tamerlane.

Barnagasso, one of the Kingdoms of Aethiopia, which pays yearly to the Turks 1000 Ounces of Gold. Its Capital City is Barva.

Barnavelt's Island in the Magellanique Sea, was discovered by the Hollanders in 1616. It stands near Terra del fuego and the Streights of le Maire.

Barnet, a Town in Hartfordshire; memorable for a bloody engagement here betwixt the Houses of Lancaster and York, wherein the latter carried the Victory. It affords medicinal Waters.

Barnesley, a Market-Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire in the hundred of Staincross.

Barnstaple, a Market Town in Devonshire in the hundred of Branton, upon the River Taw, over which it has a spacious Bridge. It sends 2 Burgesses to the Parliament.

Baroche, a Town in the Kingdom of Guzerate in the Empire of the Great Mogul. The English enjoy a good settlement in it.

Barra, a small Kingdom in Guinea in Africa: the King of which was engaged by the Dutch in 1663. to fall upon the English Factory there. There is also a Town in Palestine call'd by this name.

Barrant, a Marquisate in the Province of Guienne in France. §. Also a Fort upon the Frontiers of Dauphine and Savoy, one League from Montmelian: Storm'd and taken by the Duk. de Lesdignieres in 1528.

Barrois. See Bar.

Barrab. Arabia Petraea.

Barow, a River of the Province of Leinster in Ireland, which ariseth in Queens County in the Mountains of Sliew Bloemy; and running Southward, washeth the Eastern Side of Caterlagh and Laighlin: after which it receives from the West, another great River call'd Neure, which divides Kilkenny: a little further to the South, it entertains the Sewer, which watereth the Walls of Waterford; and being thus augmented, it entereth the British Sea about 20 Miles West of Cape Carn, the South-Eastern Point of Ireland.

Bart, Alisus, Bardum. See Barde.

Bartas, a small Territory in the Province of Armaynac in France, near Aux. William de Saluste, the famous du Bartas, a Huguenot born in Gascoigne in 1545. and Author of the Poem of the Worlds Creation, received his title from hence.

Barton, a Market Town in Lincolnshire in the hundred of Yarborough, upon the River Humber over against Hull.

Barva, a City of Abyssinia near the River Marabu. The Capital of the Kingdom of Barnagasso.

Basil, Basilea, written in two of the Lives of Charles the Great, Basla; in after times Basula and Basala; by Cluverius, Artalbinum. It was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Besanzon, after the ruin of Augusta Rauracorum, which happened about the Year 800. Now the Principal City of Switzerland. It has its name from Basiliana the Mother of Julian the Apostate: but Valesius thinks the name rather taken from the River on which it stands, which he supposeth was then so call'd. It has a pleasant Situation, and is adorned with many magnificent Structures, and Churches; watered by many sweet Fountains, blessed with an healthful Air, a valiant People, and plenty of all things. Very antient; as being said to be ruin'd by the Almains in the Year 260. and suffered much in after-times from the Huns. It was beloved by Henry I. and II. In the Year 1368. much enlarged by Frederick Blackenheim, Bishop of Strasburg, and Administrator of the Diocese of Basil, who first obtain'd a Charter of Freedom for it: in the Year 1392. it was made an Hanse Town. One of the greatest things of antient Times which has made it famous, was the General Council held here under Sigismond the Emperor, and by several sessions continued from the Year 1431. to 1443. where it was decreed, that a General Council was above the Pope. Therefore Eugenius IV. dissolved it and convocated another at Ferrara. They refused to dissolve, deposed Eugenius, and elected Faelix V. Pope. The same Council established the pragmatick Sanction, that the Gallican Church received in 1438. in the presence of Charles VII. This City taught the rest of the Cantons the way of Leaguing and Uniting: for the Pope having excommunicated Lewis the Bavarian, Emperor of Germany, the City of Basil persevered in the Service of that Prince, and was for it excommunicated too: whereupon they threw the Popes Legat into the Rhine, and to secure themselves, entered into a League with Zurich, and Bearn, and other of the Principal Cities, in 1327. This City embraced the Reformation in 1529. It is one of the most celebrated Universities in Christendom, which was opened here by Pius II. Ann. Dom. 1459. The Art of making Paper was first found in this City, in 1470. by Anthony and Michael Gallicion. This gave great encouragement to Printers: the first of which was Bernard Richel, who began to Print here in 1478. This City stands upon the Rhine,

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which runs through it: 6 Miles from Fribourg, 18 from Constance to the West, 12 from Zurich, 38 from Ausbourg, 14 from Strasbourg. Long. 29. 15. Lat. 47. 25.

Basilicata, is a small County on the East of Campania, in the Kingdom of Naples. Taken out of Campania by Alphonsus, King of Naples; 33 Miles in length, and 10 in breadth; and was antiently the Seat of the Picentini, a Colony of the Piceni, dwelling on the Adriatick Sea. It is bounded on the North by the Territory of Bari, and part of Otranto; on the East by the Gulph of Taranto; on the West by Principato, and on the South by Calabria. The chief City of this Province is Cirenza, which stands near the Foot of the Apennine; it is a barren and not well inhabited Country.

Basiligorod. See Vasiligorod.

Basingstoke, a Market-Town, and a great Thorough-fair in the County of Southampton. The chief of its Hundred. The Marquess of VVinchester, now Duke of Bolton, has a noble Seat hard by it.

Basques, or Païs de Basques, the French Biscaye, a Territory in the Province of Gascoigne, comprehending the lower Navarre, Soule and Labour. It was the Country of the antient Vascones or Bascones, that came out of Spain, and invaded it. Roger Hovedon calls them Basclos. It is certain, that they were a distinct People, and spoke a different Language from the Gascones, according to De Marca.

Basra, a Town in the Kingdom of Fez in Africa, near the River Lucus; 30 Miles distant from Sala towards the east, and not far from the Province of Asgar.

Bassento, Bussento, Acheron, a River of Calabria, in the Kingdom of Naples; it runs near Cosenza, the principal City of Calabria, near which it falls in the River Grati, which falls into the Bay of Taranto. In the Bed of this River, Alaricus king of the Goths was buried, as Jornandes writeth.

Bass, a small Island not far from Edenburg, famous for the great quantity of Geese, that frequent it at certain seasons. There is a Castle in it, standing upon a Rock that is Iriaccessable.

Basianello, a small Town in S. Peters Patrimony in Italy, towards the Confluence of the Ner a and the Tiber, which is here cover'd with a Stone-bridg. The Lake, antiently call'd Lacus Vadimonis, where P. Cornelius Dolabella, Consul, gain'd a Victory over the Thuscans and Gauls, in the year of Rome 471. lyes in the Neighbourhood of this place.

Bassano, a Town in the Marca Trevisana, in the States of Venice, upon the River Brenta.

La Bassee, a Town in Flanders, upon the Frontiers of Artois, and the River Deule: Yielded to the French by the Peace of Aix la Chapelle, in 1668.

Bassigni, a County in Champagne, towards the Sources of the Marne and the Meuse: Its capital Town is Chaumont.

Bastia, the chief Town in Corsica, with a good Fortress and Haven to it. The Genoiiese Governour ordinarily resides here.

Bastick, a small Town in Epirus, where they usually embark for Constantinople.

Bastillca, a Country in the Island of Corsica.

Le Bastion de France,, a City near Hippo, now Bonne, in Barbary in Africa; deserted by the French in 1658.

Bastoigne, Belsonacum, is a Town in the Dukedom of Luxembourgh, near the Forrest of Ardenne; 3 Leagues from Neuf-Chateau, and from Luxembourg. It is well so built and peopled, that those of the Country call it ordinarily Paris in Ardenne.

Basure, a River of the South America, falling into the River of Amazons: in the Country belonging to the Charibes, Indians.

Batavi. See Holland.

Batavia, a City in Java, an Island in the East-Indies, built by the Dutch in the Year 1619. It is very strongly Fortified, seated in a Fruitful Plain, and well Traded; so that it is now thought one of the principal Cities of that part of the World: It has a Castle with a good Garrison; and the General Governour of the Affairs of the Dutch East-India Company, for the most part resides here. This City stands 18 Leagues from Bantam to the East, and 60 from Materan to the West. The Kings of Bantam made War many years together against it, and in 1659. besieged it, but without any success; which however much hindred the Growth and Lustre of this City. There is also a River in the Terra Australis, to which the Dutch have given the same Name.

Batenbourg, a Town and Citadel in the Dutchy of Gelderland in the Low Countries, Two Leagues from Nimeguen. The cruel Duke D' Alva, Beheaded Two Brothers, Barons of this Place, in 1598. saying, The Jole of one Salmon was more valuable, than a number of little Fishes.

Bath, Aquae Solis, is a City of Somersetshire, situate upon the River Avon, which is mentioned both by the Greek and Latin Geographers. It is seated in a small low Plain, environ'd round about with Hills of almost an equal height, out of which many Springs continually fall into the Valley, to the great Benefit of the Inhabitants. Within this City are three Springs of Hot Water, of a blewish Colour, sending up from them some thin Vapors, and a strong Odour. These Springs are very Medicinal, and cure many Diseases. They say, Minerva, the Goddess of Baths and Fountains, had a Temple Consecrated to her in the Roman times, where the Abby stands now. Many Roman Inscriptions and Figures in Ingravery, appear upon the Wells about the Town. It was taken from the Britains by Cewalin, King of the West-Saxons, in 577. In the Reign of VVilliam Rufus it was sacked and burnt. John de Villula de Tours, Bishop of VVells, removed the Soe to this place, in the Reign of Henry I. but retain'd also the Title of VVells. The most Noble and Loyal John Greenvil, was created Earl of Bath, in the 19th. of Charles I. Aug. 13. 1643. His Father, Sir Bevil Greenvil, having been slain at Landsdown near this City, by the Rebels. It stands 15 Miles East of Bristol. Long. 20. 16. Lat. 51. d. 21. m.

Bathon, a Valley in Macedonia, where the Antients believed the Gyants Combated with the Gods. Pausanias says, they used to represent the manner of this Fight in some Sacrifices.

Baticala, a small City of the East-Indies, the Capital of a Kingdom of the same Name; the Prince whereof is a Tributary to the King of Bisnagar: tho it is very small, yet it has a capacious Haven. § There is another of the same Name in the Island Ceylan, which is the Capital of a Kingdom there; and lately fallen into the Hands of the Hollanders.

Baticano, a Promontory in Calabria, in the Maps sometimes call'd Vaticano.

Battel, a Town in Sussex. Remarkable in the English History for the Victory of William the Conquerour, here obtain'd, over King Harold, Octob. 14. 1066. In memory whereof, he built an Abbey of the Name, call'd Battel-Abbey. It is a Market-Town in Hastings Rape.

Batta, a Province of the Kingdom of Congo in Africa.

Batten, or Button, an Island in the Indian Ocean, to the West of the Island of Macassar.

Los Batuecos, a People in the Kingdom of Leon in Spain inhabiting the Mountains, betwixt Salamanca and Corica. They are believed to descend from the Goths.

Bavais, Bagacum, Bagacum Nerviorum, a very antient Town in Hainault in Flanders, about 4 Leagues from Valenciennes, and 6 from Mons. It was twice burnt in the last Age, and repair'd again. The Cerque, Aqueduct, and Inscriptions here, are sufficient marks of its Antiquity. It stands upon the little River Osneau.

Bavari, Boij, Bojares, the first of the antient Germans that passed the Alps, and fixed their Standards upon the Banks of Tiber. They carried their victorious Arms even into Greece, beyond the Hellespont. These were the antient Inhabitants of Bavaria. See Bavaria.

Baudisten, a Town in Lusatia, a Territory belonging to the Elector of Saxony; between Misnia and Bohemia, where the Governour resides.

Bauge, a small Town in Anjou in France, where Charles VIII. then Dolphin, obtain'd a signal Victory against the English, commanded by the Duke of Clarence, who was there slain in 1420. It stands 3 Leagues from La Fleche, upon the River Covesnon. Built by the old Earls of Anjou. § Another in the Province of Bresse in the same Kingdom, giving the Title of a Marquess, besides its Name to a Family, who have been the Sovereigns of Bresse above 400 years. In Latin Balgiacum, the other Balgium.

Baugenci, Balgentiacum, a Town upon the Loyre. In the Province of Orleans, betwixt Blois and Orleans. In 1152. a Council here Assembled, to take Cognisance of the degree of Parentage betwixt Lewis VII. King of France, and Eleanor his Wife, Dutchess of Guienne, Daughter to William X. the last Duke of Aquitain: (which said Degree of Parentage, rendred their Marriage nulland void from the beginning:) pronounced sentence of Divorce betwixt them; whereupon the said Princess remarried to Henry Duke of Normandy, afterwards Henry II. King of England; and in her Right, Aquitane fell to the Crown of England. In 1428. the English took Baugenci, under the Command of the Earl of Salisbury, but abandoned it to the French the the Year after. For some time it continued under particular Sovereigns, who bought and sold it till the Year 1543. by arrest of Parliament, it was united to the Demains of the Crown of France.

Baulme, a Town in the higher Burgundy or Franche Comte; 2 small Leagues from hence you see a natural deep and spacious Cave in the Earth, which furnishes the Country with continual Ice in the Summer, and in the Winter flows with Water.

Bauman, a vast Cave in the County of Regenstein in the lower Saxony, where they find numbers of Bones of divers Animals, and sometimes of Men as big as Gyants.

Bautrey, a Market Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire, in the Hundred of Strafford.

Bautzen, Budisinum, the principal Town of Lusatia in Germany, seated upon the River Sprew, 7 Leagues from Dresden East. This place being attacked by the Duke of Saxony in the Year 1634, Goltz the Governor for the Emperor, firing the Suburbs to give the Enemy a stop, the fire in the confusion seized the Town, and burnt it all down, many Persons perishing in the Flames. This place was thereupon left to the Elector of Saxony, who is still possessed of it, but before it was a Free and Imperial City.

Bayonue, Baiona, Boiatum, a very large, rich, strong City; seated upon the River Adour, about 2 Leagues from the Sea, in the Confines of the Kingdoms of France, and Spain; honored with a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Ausch; and has a large Haven on the Brittish Sea. It stands 6 Leagues from the Confines of Spain, 7 from Dax to the West, and 30 from Bourdeaux to the South. There was a famous Congress in this City between Charles IX. with Catharine de Medices his Mother, and Elisabeth Sister of Charles, Wife to Philip II. King of Spain: in which an Agreement was closely made between the two Crowns to ruin the Protestant Religion, both in France and the Low Countries; which was followed by Rivers of Human Blood, shed on that account: this was in the Year 1566 and mentioned by Thuanus and Grotius. § Also a Town in the Kingdom of Galicia in Spain, near the mouth of the River Minho, which falls into the Atlantick Ocean, betwixt it and Lima.

Baux, a Town in Provence in France, giving the Title of a Marquiss: it is situated upon a Rock, with a good Castle thereto, near Arles. There is an illustrious House of this Name in Provence, and it is uncertain whether that has denominated the Castle of Baux, or the Castle it.

Babaria, called by the Germans Beyeren, a Dukedom in Germany; the second Circle in the Empire; having its name from the Avares, a People of the Huns, who possessed this Country. It is also call'd Bojaria, from the Boii of France, who once dwelt here. And in the times of the Roman Empire, Noricum. Bounded on the North by Franconia, on the West by Schwaben, on the South by the Italian Alpes, and on the the East by Austria and Bohemia, Before the Treaty and Peace of Westphalia, it had lesser Bounds: but then it was not only raised in Honor, the Duke of Bavaria being made the VIII. Elector, but enlarged as to its Extent. This Country had Kings (after it was Conquered) from the Romans, to the times of Arnolphus the Emperour; and S. Lewis is said to have declared his Son Lewis King of Bavaria, in the Year 817. From those times to ours they have had Dukes; the first was Arnolphus, slain by the Normans, about the Year 891. The greatest part of this Country is Fruitful, and well cultivated, and has many noble and stately Cities, the principal of which is Munchen, (Monachium) seated on the Isar. The Family thereof gain'd the Upper Palatinate, by the Peace of Munster. He is of the Communion of the Church of Rome, and the far greatest part of his Subjects; by which and their new Grants and Dignities, they are very firmly united to the House of Austria: which the present Emperor has improved by Marrying his Daughter to the now Duke of Bavaria.

Baz, Ocite, a small Island on the West of Ireland, over against the Earldom of Desmond in the Province of Munster, North of the Bay of Dingle; call'd by the Irish Blasquo.

Baza, Basti, a City of the Kingdom of Granada in Spain. It was once a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Eluire, at which time it was well Fortified; but now it is little inhabited, and every day decays; it stands upon the Borders of the Kingdoms of New Castile, and Murcia, 6 Leagues from Guadix to the South-East, 15 from Granato, and Gaen, or Jaen to the North-East, and 16 from Almeria to the North; it is built at the Foot of an Hill, in a Valley call'd from it Hoya de Baya, by an inconsiderable Brook.

Bazadois, Vasata, a small Territory in the Lower Guienne in France, which has the River Garonne on the North and West, Agenois on the East, and Condomois on the South. It has its name from Bazas, the principal City of it, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Ausch; this City stands searce 3 Miles from the River Garonne towards the South, 7 from Bourdeaux to the North-East, 10 from Condomois,

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and 17 from Ausch. It is mentioned by the Antients under the name of Cossium Vasatum, Civitas Vasatica, and Vasatae Arehosae. And likewise the People of the Territory of Bazadois by the name of Vasates, who were the same perhaps with the Cocosates of Pliny and Cesar.

Bazaim, [Barace] a vast Tract of Land but very barren which lies between Egypt, and the Kingdom of Tunis in Africa; the same which was called Marmarica, as Bochart saith. § Also a Town in the Kingdom of Guzurate in the hither East-Indies: situated upon the Coast of the Gulph of Cambaia, 26 Leagues from Daman to the South. It has been in the hands of the Portuguese ever since the Year 1534. who have built a good Cittadel with several stately Churches in it, and made it a fine Town; therefore fuller of Gentry than Goa; insomuch that Fidalgos de Bazaim, a Gentleman of Bazaim, is become a Proverb with the Portuguese.

Bazano, a Mountain of Abruzzo, in the Kingdom of Naples in the Territory of Aquila; of which mention is made in the Life of S. Justin.

Bazas. See Bazadois.

Bazois, a District in France in the Dukedom of Nivernois.

Beaconsfield, a Market-Town in Buckinghamshire, in the Hundred of Burnham, on a small Hill.

Beareford, was a small Monastery built by the Danes in Greenland about 300 Years since, but now a long time ago deserted and ruined.

Bearne, a fruitful and well Watered Territory in the South of France, advanced to the Honor of a Principality. It lies at the foot of the Pyrenean Mountains, which part it from the Kingdom of Aragon towards the South; upon the East it has the County of Bigorre, and Armagnac le Noir; upon the North Gascogny, and upon the West the Kingdom of Navarr. This Country had heretofore Princes of its own, one of which by a Marriage with Elenora Queen of Navarr, united it to that Kingdom. Henry IV. brought it to the Crown of France, and by a Decree it was annexed for ever to that Kingdom in 1620.

Beaucaire, a small City in the Province of Languedoc in France; upon the River Rhosne, right over against Tarascon; 4 Leagues from Avignon towards the South, and 3 from Arles towards the North; most remarkable for its Fairs. It is called in Latin, Belloquadra. This Town was taken and retaken in the Civil Wars of France. It had a Castle in it built upon a Rock to the River side, which the last King commanded to be demolished.

Beauce or Beausse, Belsia, a Province of France, that heretofore was of very large extent, but is now much less, and the Bounds not well known. It lies between the Loyre on the South, and the Seyn to the North; the principal Towns in it are, Chartres, Chasteaudun, Montoir, Pluviers, Estampes, and Vendosme. This Province lying so near to Paris, a considerable part of it has been taken into the Isle of France. The Soil is dry, but very fruitful, and abounding in all things, especially Corn; so that it is called totius Galliae Horreum, the Store-house or Granary of all France.

Beauchamp, a place near Calais in Picardy. The Duke of Somerset is Baron of Beauchamp.

Beaufort, a Castle in the Dukedom of Anjou in France; which belonged heretofore to the House of Lancaster, and was much beloved by John of Gaunt; who caused all his Children that he had by Catharine Swinford to be called Beauforts, who were afterwards Dukes of Somerset and Exeter, and Earls of Dorset. The most noble Henry Somerset late Marquess of Worcester being descended from the antient Dukes of Somerset, was December 2. 1682. by Charles II. of most blessed Memory, created Duke of Beaufort This Castle lies about 3 Leagues East of Angiers, and 2 from the Loyre. And is now possessed by the House of Beaumanoir-Lavardin, with the inferiour Title of an Earl from the King of France. § There is another Beaufort in Champagne: this is a small Town, but honored above the other with the Title of a Dutchy by Henry le Grand, in the year 1597. which Title has been granted by Lewis XIII. to the House of Vendosme.

Beaujalois, a small Country contained in the Lyonnois a Province in France with the Title of a Barony. It takes its name from the Town Beaujeu. in Latin Bdujovium or Beltiecum, upon the River Ardiere; the same does the House of Beaujeu.

Beaumaris, a Town in the Island of Anglesey, with a Port to the River Menay. It is called in Latin Bellomariscus; and Elects one Burgess for the Parliament.

Beaumont in Argonne, a Town in the little Country of Argonne near the Mense in France. It suffered much in the Civil Wars of that Kingdom.

Beaumont sur Oyse, a Town upon the Oyse, at the foot of an Hill in the Isle of France, about 8 Leagues from Paris towards the North.

Beaumont le Roger, a Town in the Dukedom of Normandy in France, upon the River Rugle; Four Leagues from Eureux towards the West, and about 6 from Roan towards the South; so called from Roger one of its Counts, who built or at least enlarged it; it having the Honor to give that Title. § There is another Town called Beaumont also near the Sea Shoar, in the District belonging to Coutance; three Leagues West of Cherbourg.

Beaumont, a Town of Hainaut in the Netherlands, adorned with the Title of a Dukedom, to which belongs a Castle; it stands 7 Leagues from Mons to the South-East, and 4 from Chimay to the North, and about 2 from the Sambre.

Beaumont le Vicomte, a small City in the Dukedom of Maine, which has the Honor to be a Dukedom; it lies in the middle between Mayenne and Alenzon, upon the River Sarte: And having formerly been a Viscounty, for that reason retains this name.

Beaune, a Town in Burgundy famous for the excellent Wines it yields. In Latin, Belna; it stands upon the River Burgeoise, 4 Leagues from the Sone, betwixt Dijon Autun and Chalon. Lewis XII. built it a Castle: there is a great number of Churches and Monasteries in it, and particularly the Hospital is one of the finest Structures in the Kingdom.

Beaute, was heretofore a Royal Castle upon the Maine near the Wood of Vincennes, belonging to the Kings of France; and Honored with this name, because it deserved it. Charles V. King of France, died here in 1380. Some Ruins of it are yet to be seen.

Beauvais, Caesaromagus, a City of the Isle of France, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Rheims; the Bishop is one of the 12 Peers of France: it is well fortified, and the Capital of a Diocese of the same name; and stands upon the River Terrain, 16 Leagues from Paris towards the North, 18 from Abbeville, and 16 from Roan towards the East. In 1114. Conon Bishop of Palestine the Popes Legate held a Council here, which Excommunicated the Emperor Henry V. This Country of Beauvoisis was the Seat of the antient Bellovaci, so honourably mentioned by Julius Cesar.

Beauvois, Bilumnum, a Village in Savoy.

Bechir, Ligir, a River of Boetia, now called by the Turks, Seramulipa.

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Bechires, an antient People of Scythia, who came with Attila into Italy; and further we have no account of them, but that of their hard drinking of the Wine there.

Bechria, the Lower Aegypt.

Beckles, a Market-Town in Suffolk, in the Hundred of Wangford, upon the Banks of the River Waveney. The Grammar School here is endowed with 10 Schollarships for Emanuel College in Cambridge.

Becsangial, Bithynia, a Province of the Lesser Asia.

Bed, the Mountains of the Moon in Aethiopia.

Bedal, a Market-Town in the North Riding of Yorkshire, in the Hundred of Hang East, upon the River Swale and a small Stream there falling into it.

Bedalac, Lethes, a River of Andalusia, commonly called Guadalete; it falls into the Ocean at Cadis.

Bedford, Lactodurum, or Lactodorum, one of the most antient Towns in England, being mentioned by Antoninus. It stands on both sides of the River Ouse, which is here covered with a Stone Bridge. This Town is more to be commended for its pleasant Situation and Antiquity, than for the Beauty or Greatness of it, though it has 5 Churches. It is the Principal or County Town; so it sends 2 Burgesses to Parliament. In the Year 572. the Saxons under Cuthwolf defeated the Britains near this place. Afterwards it gave the Title of Duke to John of Lancaster, Son to Henry IV. and Brother to Henry V. who was the Regent of France under Henry VI. The same Title was continued to Jaspar of Hatfield Uncle to Henry VII. The Honorable William Russel and his Ancestors, have born the Title of Earls of Bedford, ever since the third Year of Edward VI.

Bedfordshire, is bounded on the East and South by Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire; on the Westby Buckinghamshire, and on the North by Northamtonshire and Huntingtonshire. The River Ouse divides it into 2 parts; the North parts of it are most fruitful, and better Wooded; the Southern parts tho leaner, yet are not altogether barren, but yield good Crops of Barley. Sir John Russel Comptroller of the Houshold to Henry VIII. was created a Baron in 1538. and Earl of Bedford by Edw. VI. in 1548 whose descendent William the fifth Earl of this Family, now enjoys it.

Bediford, a Market-Town in Devonshire, in the Hundred of Shebbear: the Earl of Bath has a Noble Seat here. It stands upon the River Towridge.

Bedovins, a wild People dwelling in the several quarters of the Desarts of Arabia in Tents, (whence heretofore they got the name of Scenitae) and not to be perswaded by any Invitations to settle in Towns. They divide themselves into Tribes and Families, and take their quarters accordingly under their respective Chiess: but their principal business is to rob the Caravans that go to Mecca, for which attempts they are provided with Horse and Arms.

Befort, a strong Town in Alsatia, in the Territory of Suntgow, 4 Leagues from Pfirt to the West, and about 7 from Basil to the West also. This was yielded to the French by the Treaty of Munster: heretofore the head of an Earldom.

Behemerland, the Kingdom of Bohemia.

Behemerwald, a part of the Hercynian Forest lying in Bohemia.

Behenhauseu, a Town of Schwaben, in the Dukedom of Wirtemberg.

Beja, a City of Portugal, antiently called Pax Julia; it lies in the Province of Entre-tejoe Guadiana, near the River Odiarca which falls into the Guadiana; well built, fortified, and has the Title of a Dukedom; it stands 2 Leagues from the Guadiana, towards the West; called Pacca by the Moors.

Bejar, a Village of the Kingdom of New Castile in Spain, upon the River Madera, in the Borders of the Kingdom of Murcia; searce 2 Leagues from Alcaraz to the East. This is most propably thought to be the Roman Bigerra.

Bejar de Melena, a ruined City of Andaluzia in Spain. Some take it to be the Mellaria of the Antients, which was the Birth-place of the excellent Geographer Pomponius Mela.

Beila, or Beia, a Town in the Kingdom of Tunis in Africa, thought to be the Bulla regia of the Antients. It has the happiness to stand in a Soil that is so exceeding fruitful, that the People say there, if they had two Beia's, there would be as many Grains of Corn in Africa, as Grains of Sand in the Sea.

Beilstein, Bilistinum, a small Town in the Province of Weteraw in Germany, bearing the Title of an Earldom. Its Situation is betwixt Marpurg, Nassau, and Coblentz.

Bein Elnabarim, the Persian Gulph.

Beira, a very large Province upon the Sea-Coast of Portugal, accounted 130 Miles long and 95 broad, and divided into 6 Counties, the chief City whereof is Coimbra. The same was the Seat of those antient People of Spain, called Transcedani, says Vasconcellos.

Belac, a Town in the Province of Marche in France, under the generality of Limoges, upon the little River Vincon, which receives here below the Seve and the Basile.

Belay, Belica, a City that heretofore belonged to the Duke of Savoy, but in 1601. was taken from him by Henry IV. It is the Head of the Territory of Baugey, and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Besancon; it stands upon a rising Ground near the River Rhosne, not above 12 Miles from Lyons towards the East, 10 from Grenoble to the North, and 12 from Geneva.

Beltingham, a Market-Town in Northumberland in Tindale Ward.

Belvais, and Belbes, Pelusium, was a City seated upon the most Eastern Branch of the Nile, towards Palestine. Though this City is intirely ruined, and another called Damiata or Damietta is sprung out of it, which I shall mention in its proper place; yet the State of the antient Town ought here to be described. This place in Scripture is called Sin; which (as the Greek name which it afterwards bore 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉) signifies Clay or Mire, because it was seated in a deep Miry Marsh upon the Nile. And it was for many Ages the Key of Egypt; that Country being of a very difficult Access on the side of Syria; accordingly when Cambyses invaded Egypt, Polyoenus in his 7th. Book de Stratag. tells us, that Cambyses vigorously attacked Pelusium, and the Egyptians as couragiously defended it, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Shutting up the Entrance of Egypt against him. Diodorus Siculus tells us, the Kings of Egypt fortified this place on the same account, with the utmost care and diligence; see M. Bochart in his Geographia Sacra. lib. 4. cap. 27. The Grecian Race of Kings were no less careful of the keeping this Place; and after the Romans had it they did not neglect it neither: Aelius Hadrianus, one of their Emperors, encompassed it with 3 Walls, and called it by his own name Aeliopolis. In the times of Christianity it was the Seat of an Archbishop under the Patriarch of Alexandria. But when the Arabians and Saracens prevailed, they, as their Custom is, intirely ruined this antient and most Noble City; and built another on the opposite Shoar of the Nile, which they called Damiata. Pelusium stands 150 Miles from Alexandria to the East, and 120 from Memphis or Grand Cairo, to the North-East, and not far from the Mediterranean Sea: in Long. 63. 20. and Lat. 32. 20.

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Beleguanza, This has passed with divers for a Province of Abyssinia; but Ludolfus informs us, there are 2 Kingdoms in Abyssinia, called Bali and Ganz; and • hat Baleguanza, instead of a Province, is but a Composition of their 2 Names.

Belenas, a City of Palestine, called Dan in Antient times,

Beles, Subi, a small River of Catalonia, which falls into the Mediterranean Sea between Barcelona and Tarragona, at the Town of Siges.

Belesine, a Town in the Upper Perche in France, where the States of the Province ordinarily assemble. It is honored with a Castle.

Belesta, a Fountain in the County of Foix in Aquttain in France; which is particular for havinga flux and reflux, increasing and decreasing continually every Hour, from the end of July to the beginning of December.

Belforte, there are 3 places thus called; one in Narbone in France, the Seat of the old Vocontii, upon the Durance; another in Istria, and a third in Calabria Ʋlterior.

Belgart, a Town in the Dukedom of Pomerania in the Territory of Cassuben; which lies between the Baltick Sea, and Prusia upon the River Persante; 2 Miles from the Baltick Sea, and 3 from Colberg.

Belgan, a vast Mountain in Tartary, called Imaus by the Latin Geographers; which runs very near the whole length of Asia, from North to South. See Imaus.

Belgae, a Warlike and Hardy People of the antient Gallia Belgica, mentioned with Honor by Jul. Caesar. For their Boundaries, See Gallia. The name now of Belgae and Belgium, all know, is given to the Low Countries.

Belgiojosa, a Village and Castle in the Dukedom of Milan, within 5 Miles of Pavia near the Po, belonging to the Counts of Barbiano.

Fort Belgique, Arx Belgica, the name that the Hollanders have given to one of their Forts in the Island of Nera belonging to Banda, amongst the Moluccaes.

Belgrade, Alba Graeca, called by the Germans, Griechisch Weissemburg, by the Italians Belgrado, is a great and strong City belonging to the Kingdom of Hungary, seated upon the South side of the Save, where it falls into the Danube, in the Province of Rascia; this was a long time the Bulwark of Christendom against the Turks, who lost several Armies before it. Amurath II. lost here a Victorious Army in 1439. and when Mahomet II. his Son besieged this City a second time, An. 1456. with an Army of 250000 Men, the brave Huniades preserved it, and ruined that vast Army by a Stratagem; for he suffered a Party of the Turks to enter the Town, and whilst they were Plundering the Houses, made a Sally upon those without, took their Cannon and turned them upon themselves; in the Confusion destroying 40000 of them, and possessed himself of their Cannon, Camp, Baggage and Amunition; so that the Turks were forced to an inglorious Flight. Johannes Huniades died the same year of the Plague. But in 1521. Solyman the Magnificent took it after a Siege of two Months, Lewis then King of Hungary a Child of 15 Years of Age not regarding it, and all the other Christian Princes being engaged in mutual and destructive Wars. The Imperialists won it again Sept. 6. 1688. by Storm: about 600 Christian Slaves were happily released on the occasion; who being most of them chained together and placed before a Party of Turks to screen them from the Fury of the Soldiers, obtained Quarter for themselves and their Enemies. But the Turks possessed themselves again of it, Oct. 8. 1690. a chance Bomb communicating a Fire from one Magazine to another with so much fury, that a great number of the Garrison were blown up with the Walls and Ramparts, the Ditch filled and so large a passage made for the Enemy, that they entred by entire Squadrons, and cut to peices all they met. This City belongs properly to Servia; the Despot of which Consigned it over to Sigismund King of Hungary, for Lands of a better value; distant from Vienna 102 German Miles, 26 days Journey from Constantinople. Leo X. made it a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Antivari in Dalmatia. Long. 47. 00. Lat. 46. 50.

Beligrard, Hermonassa, a small Town or City of Bessarabia, towards the Mouth of the River Moncastro, by the Moldavians called Bialogrod, and by the Turks Beligrard. See Bialogrod.

Bella more. The White Sea.

Bellac, a small City in the County of La Marche in France, upon the River Ʋnicou, 2 Leagues from Dorat to the South and seven from Limoges to the North.

Belle, or Bailleul, a Town in Flanders, three Leagues from Ipre.

Bellegarde, a small City in the Dukedom of Burgundy, upon the River Saone, [Arar]. This City was once very well fortified; it stands 5 Leagues from Challon to the North, and not far from the Borders of the Dukedom. In 1620. itself was advanced to the Title of a Dukedom. § Likewise the name of a strong place in the County of Rousillon upon the Frontiers of Catalonia, betwixt Ceret and Jonquera. The Spaniards made themselves Masters of it in 1674. and after they had fortified it were obliged to surrender it to the French again, when they attacked it under the Comand of the late famous Mareschal Schomberg.

Belle-Ifle, Calonesus, an Island upon the Southern Coast of Britany in France, not far from the Port of Brest; 6 Leagues in Length and 2 in Breadth, called by the Dutch Boelin. It is furnished with a good Road and Castles to secure it, and carries the honor to be advanced to a Marquisate. § Likewise an Island belonging to China in the Eastern Ocean, having the Province of Fuquien to the West, and the Philippins to the South. In Latin stiled Formosa. The Hollanders did their utmost endeavors to settle in it, but were expelled thence by the Chinese. Its chief Towns are Toyoan, Gillira, Wankan, &c.

Belle-Perche, a Town in the Dukedom of Bourbonne in France upon the River Allier.

Belluna, a City of the Marquisate of Trevigiana, which is the cheif, and gives name to a small Territory, under the Dominion of the Commonwealth of Venice. It is little but fair, and a Bishops See, under the Patriarch of Aquileja. And stands upon the River Piave, which falls into the Gulph of Venice, 13 Leagues from Venice to the South-East; the City of Belluno lies 15 Leagues from Feltria to the South-East.

Belvoir Castle, a noble Seat of the Earl of Rutland's in Lincolnshire, in the Hundred of Grantham, yielding a most delightful and spacious Prospect. The Astroites, a Stone irradiated with Beams like a Star, thought heretofore to be an infallible signal of Victoctory to him that wore one, is found about this Place.

Belz, a City of Black Russia in the Kingdom of Poland, 5 Leagues from the River Bug, between Lembourg and Zamosky. This City is small, and built all of Wood, but yet it is a Palatinate, and possessed at present by a Person of great Worth.

Beltz, or Belts, the Name of the Baltick Sea, taken from two very narrow Streights thereof so call'd, the one betwixt the Islands of Funen and Zeland, the other betwixt Funen and the Terra firma

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of Jutland; which are rarely ever passed by Vessels of great Burthen, because the Sound is both a deeper Water and larger than they. The March of Charles Gustavus King of Sweden with his Army over this Passage upon the Ice, was certainly one of the most adventurous and memorable Actions of the War the last Age, neither is there an Example like it to be found in any other.

Belvedore, a Province in the Morea, heretofore call'd Elis, the Capital Place is so call'd also; it lies in the Western Part over against Zant. In ancient time, Pausanias saith, the Silks of this Country were finer, and more esteem'd than those of Judea. It is a pleasant Country, and has its Name from its beautiful Prospect. § There is another place near Syracuse in Cicily, of the same name, which was called by the Ancients Euryalus. As is also a part of the Popes Palace at Rome.

Belus, a river of Phaenicia in Syria. It begins its course at the Lake of Cendavia near Acra; and passes a valley, where the Sands that it amasses together in vast Quantities, says Pliny, it changes into Glass: yet this is the least of those Wonders, which that credulous noble Author reports of it.

Bemarin, a Province in Florida, under the command of the King of the Apalechites, Indians, at the foot of the Mountains; where stands its Capital Town Melitot.

Bemyster, A Market Town in Dorsetshire, and the chief of its Hundred.

Bena, a Kingdom in the Southern part of Guinea in Africa, with a small City of that Name, seated on the South side of the River Forcados, about 20 Leagues from the Ocean; in Lat. 8. d. Long. 31. 50. The People of it are call'd Sousos.

Benacus, The antient Name of one of the greatest Lakes in Italy, otherwise now call'd Lac de la garde. It extends it self in Length from East to West 30 Miles; in Breadth, about 10. in the Territory of Verona, within the States of Venice. There was anciently a Town Benacus in these Quarters which gave name to it. It discharges it self into the Lake of Mantua by the River Menzo, and thence into the Po.

Benanarim, a Province in Mauritania Tingitana.

Benares, A famous City of Indostan (or the Empire of the great Mogul) upon the Ganges, in a very good Country. It is the Ʋniversity of the Indies; the general School for Philosophy, Physick, Astrology, and Pagan Divinity, that serves all the Gentry and all the ingenious of these Parts. Here the Bramans and the Pendets, that is, the great Doctors of Paganisme, are attended, not as in Europe indeed in Colleges, but in their Houses and Gardens, with multitudes of Scholars that study with them many years. They learn first the Divine Language, call'd Hanscrit in which they say the holy Books of the Law were written that God gave to Brama their Prophet. Of this Language we have an Alphabet in Kircher. It is quite different from the ordinary Indian, and much more ancient; so that none understand it but their learned Men. Next, they read an Abridgment, they call Purane, of the Books of their Law; and so pass to Philosophy. In Philosophy, though they know nothing of the Learning of Greece, they argue much to the same effect with Plato, Aristotle, Democritus and Epicurus; and are divided in a manner into the same Sects as they, only with more Confusion of Thought, with Fables. Astrology they are mightily inclin'd to, had they but somemore lights into that Science. Their Physick is for the most part Receipts: But for Anatomy, they are in no Condition to know it, because they will not presume to cut up the body either of man or Beast. Some years since the Doctors of this place held a famous Cabal, which made the more noise upon the account that they gain'd the Son of the Great Mogul to their Opinion. It seems they were fallen upon the Doctrine of an Anima mundi, An universal Soul and Spirit diffused throughout the World, of which the Souls of Men and Animals are as so many Portions. And this is also the prevailing Opinion of the Sophies of Persia.

Benavari, a Town of Aragon in Spain, to which belongs a Castle. It is seated in the Confines of Catalonia, 6 Leagues distant from Balbastro to the East; this place is the Capital of the County of Ribagorza; a small ill Peopled place between the Rivers of Cinea and Segre.

Benavente, a Town in the Kingdom of Portugal, in the Province of Estremadura, 1 League from the Tage or Tajo, 4 from Scalabi, and 9 from Lisbon, supposed to be the antient Aritium. § There is another Town of the same name in the Kingdom of Leon, upon the River Esta, which washeth the Walls of Leon; It lies in a Plain, and has a Castle, and is the Capital of the County of Pimentel, 7 Leagues from Sentica to the North, about 12 from Leon to the South, and 15 from Palantia to the West: perhaps this is the old Vallata. Ferdinand II. King of Leon, died in this Town in the Year 1118.

Benda, a City of Albania in Macedonia, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Durazzo, [Durrachium] It now lies in Ruins, under the slavery of the Turks, and the Bishop resides at Mamoli; yet from this place the adjacent Country is call'd Benda, under which Title is included also Sermenica, a small District towards Croia, as I have heard (saith M. Baudrand) from the Archbishop of Durazzo.

Bendarmasin, a City and Kingdom in the Southern part of the Island of Borneo in the East-Indies, about 3 Degrees from the Line on the West.

Bene, a small Town in Piedmont, sometime bearing the Title of an Earldom. The Spaniards besieg'd it in 1553. unsuccesfully: its Fortifications have been ruined since.

Benevento, Beneventum, a City of the Principatus Ʋlterior in the Kingdom of Naples, which is an Archbishops See, belonging to the Pope, upon the River Sabato, where it takes in the River Tamora: built by Diomedes, together with Arpi, a City of Apulia, and called the Colony of Concordia by Frontinus. It lies 28 Miles from Capua to the East, and 32 from Naples to the North-East. This was the Country of those two antient Grammarians, the Orbilii. Victor III. and Gregorius VIII. Popes were born here. Not far from it Manfred King of Sicily was slain in the Year 1266. by Charles Duke of Anjou. This City was granted to Leo IX. by Henry IV. in exchange for Bamberg in the Year 1053. when he came into Italy to be Crowned. It was one of the 18 Colonies which continued faithful to the Romans against Hannibal: ruined afterwards by Totila, and rebuilt by the Lombards who made it a Dukedom. The Saracens became after this Masters of it; from whom Lewis II. Emperor, took it in the Year 866, and granted it to Aldegisus in the 871. Now annexed to the Papacy. A dreadful Earthquake which happened in June 1688. did almost totally ruin it; scarce 600 of the Inhabitants out of as many thousand and upward being left alive; amongst whom Cardinal Ʋrsini their Archbishop was taken out of the Ruins of his own Palace. The Dukedom of Benevento was once a considerable part of the South of Italy, in the times of the Lombards, and Charles the Great: instituted by Autharius

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King of the Lombards, and ended in the Year 851. when the Saracens conquered it. In 866. it was reconquered by the Germans: in 1053. it was granted to the Pope, but much restrained as to its Bounds: yet then it took in the greatest part of the Principatus Ʋlterior. Since which the Spaniards have restrained it; so that it extends not above 3 or 4 Miles from the Walls of the City.

Benfeild, once a Wall'd Town, or City of Alsatia▪ but dismantled by the Treaty of Munster; under the Dominion of the Bishop of Strasburg; from which it lies about 3 German Miles towards the South upon the River Ill, about 2 Miles from Rhinaw towards the North-West.

Bengale, a Kingdom in the East Indies, on the River Ganges, under the Dominion of the great Mogul for many past Ages, but which had before Kings of its own. It is a very fruitful Country, and extends 220 Leagues from East to West, and 120 from North to South. Bounded on the East by India extra Gangem, on the South by the Bay of Bengale, on the West and North by the Territories of the Mogul. The City of Bengale lies in the bottom of the Bay, in the most North-Eastern Angle of it, upon the River Cosmite. It is great, and drives a vast Trade with the European Nations, as generally Authors say that have written of Bengala; yet some modern Accounts will tell us, there is no Town or City of this Name there.

Benges, a River which riseth in the Lower Austria, and entring the Lower Hungary, falls into the River Rab.

Benguola, a Country of the Lower Aethiopia, and a Town there with a good Port to the Sea of Congo, which the Hollanders have been Masters of for some time. This Country lies in the Kingdom of Angola.

Benibessera, a large Country in Libya in Africa, upon the Borders of the Kingdom of Tremissen.

Beni-Gebara, a Mountain in the Province of Cuzt in the Kingdom of Fez in Africa: so well inhabited that it is able to produce 7000 fighting Men; and so fruitful, that they may endure a Siege of 10 Years without the fear of a Famine. The Avenues of it are very difficult. Thence the Inhabitants preserve their Liberty inviolate, paying a Tribute to the King of Fez.

Beni-Guazeval, a Mountain containing above 120 Villages, together with a good large Town, in the Kingdom of Fez in Africa, in the Province of Errif: yet at the very top, opens and casts forth Flames of Sulphur.

Benin, a Kingdom of Guiney in Africa with a Town of the name upon the River Behin. It is the best Town belonging to the Negroes. The said River discharges it self soon after into the Gulph of S. Thomas.

Ben-Oriegan, a Mountain in the Province of Errif, in the Kingdom of Fez in Africa, towards the Coast of the Mediterranean: 3 Leagues in length, in breadth about half that: curiously enriched with Vines, Olives, and the odoriferous Cedars.

Beni-Suaid, a Town upon the Banks of Nile in Aegypt, 2 Leagues from Cairo. It stands in a large Plain, which abounds with Line and Hemp.

Beni-Tendi, a ruined Town in the Province of Habat, in the Kingdom of Fez, upon the River Erguile. The Rests of stately Edifices, •ombs, and Fountains do incur here the Eye of the Spectator.

Beni-Usa, or Bervira, a fruitful and well Inhabited Mountain in the Province of Errif in the Kingdom of Fez, near the Mountain of Gualida. The Inhabitants of these 2 Mountains are almost continually at War.

Beni-Yasga, a Mountain in the Province of Cuzt in Africa, in the Kingdom of Fez, inhabited by a Rich and Martial People. There is an abundance of Vines, and Olives, and Cattle, and Corn upon it. The River Cebu or Suba glides near it.

Benthem, a Town and Castle of Westphalia, which stands upon the River Vidrus, near Oldenzael, and is the Head of a small County in the West part of Westphalia; called in the German Tongue das Grathrtchaft von Benthem: lies between the Bishoprick of Munster to the East, Over-Yssel and the Territory of Tuvent to the West; and upon the North and South it is inclosed by the River Vechta. The Castle or Town of Benthem lies 2 Miles from Oldenzael, a Town in the South-East Angle of the Province of Over-Yssel; ten from Deventer to the East.

Bentivolio, Pons Poledranus, a Castle in the Dominions of the Church, in the Territory of Bononia; from which City it lies 10 Miles towards the North, in the Road to Ferrara; heretofore a Noble Pile, but now half ruined: this gave name to the Family of the Bentivolio's, who for many Years Principatum Bononiae tenuere, were Princes of Bononia. And of later times this Family has afforded some excellent Persons.

Bera, a City of the Kingdom of Granada, commonly called Vera.

Beraun, a small Town in Bohemia upon the River Mies: 3 German Miles from Prague towards the West: called by the Germans Bern, in Latin Berauna and Verona.

Berbero, Arbis, a River of Persia, in the Province of Send, [Sinda] which borders East upon India propria, and West upon Macran.

Berckel, Velicer, the same with the River Aa, in Westphalia.

Berdoa, a desart Country in Zaara in Africa, betwixt the Kingdom of Gaoga and the Country of Lempta. There is a Town in it of the same name. Sands, Scorpions and Monsters are almost the only things to be seen here.

Bere Regis, a Market-Town in Dorsetshire. The chief of its Hundred.

Bereberes, an antient People of Barbary in Africa, divided into 5 Tribes called the Mazamudins, Zenetes, Haoares, Zinhagiens and Gomeres; from which the Grandees of Africk derive their Original. They came hither out of Arabia Foelix under Melech-Ifiriqui King of the said Arabia, and in time made themselves Masters of a great part of Africk; often Usurping upon each other for the Government, till they were all Conquered by the Turks.

Berecynthus, a Mountain of Phrygia in Asia Minor, famous heretofore for the Worship of the Goddess Cybele, who thence is styled Berecynthia.

Berenice. See Bernish.

Berg, or Berghen, the Dutch and German names for Mons, a City of Hainault. § Also a Province of Westphalia in Germany, lying along the Rhine, betwixt the County of Mark and the Bishoprick of Cologne, called the Dutchy of Berg, and in Latin Bergensis Regio. Dusseldorp is its Capital Town.

Bergamo, Bergomum, a City of Italy, belonging to the Venetians, which was once a part of the Dukedom of Milan: a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Milan; built with others by the Orobii; call'd by Paulus Diaconus, Pergamum; and by the Writers of the middle Ages Bergamum. This City is placed on the side of a Mountain, the Foot of which is covered by large Suburbs: it is great and Populous, and lies between the River Brembo, (which 8 Miles further falls into the Adda) and the Serio, which falls also in the Adda. It has a Castle called Capella, and it lies 30 Miles from Brixia, towards Milan to the

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West, and the same distance from Como to the East; from hence the Family of the Bergoma's take their name. The same is the Capital of the Country adjacent, called Bergamasco.

Bergen, Bergos, or Berga, a City of Norway on the Northern Ocean, call'd by the Natives Baern, by the Germans Berghen. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Drontheim: a celebrated Mart, has a large and safe Harbour, surrounded almost on all sides with high Mountains, and lies in a winding Bay, call'd Jelta fiored, 12 Miles from the Ocean: it has a strong Castle call'd Bergen-Hus, and lies in the small Territory of Nord Horland, which is Subject to the King of Denmark, as King of Norway; 23 from Linde Noes, or the most Southern Point of Norway, and 80 from the nearest Coast of Scotland; at this day without dispute, the best and richest City of all Norway. But made more famous by the Valour of the English, who in 1665. entred this Port, and fell upon the Dutch East-India Fleet, to their great damage; and had certainly destroyed them all, if contrary Winds had not given them time to draw their Canon ashoar to their defence.

Bergen op Zoom, call'd by the French, Bergue sur le Zoom, is a small, but strong City in the Dukedom of Brabant, upon the River Schelde. Erected into a Dukedom in 1533. and revolting with the Ʋnited Provinces, was attempted without success, by the Marques• Spinola, in 1622. So that it still belongs to the Hollanders. It stands 7 Leagues from Antwerp towards the North, and 5 from Breda to the South-West.

Bergen, the chief Town of the Island of Rugen on the Coast of Pomerania in the Baltick Sea, which has belonged to the Swedes every since 1630.

Bergerac, a City of Perigord, upon the River Dordogne; 5 Miles from Pergueux to the South, and about 9 from Sarlat; a rich and fine City. The English had it heretofore in their possession. They Fortified it, and afterwards lost it, about the Year 1371. It revoked upon the score of Religion in 1562. and was often taken and retaken. In 1621. it submitted itself to Lewis XIII.

Bergue S. Uinoth, a small City in Flanders, taken by the French in the year 1658. and yielded to them by the Pyrenaean Treaty, in 1659. Dignified with the Title of a Viscounty, as likewise of a Chatelany, with divers Villages under its Jurisdiction. It has various Names, and is sometimes call'd Groenemberg, or (Green-wich;) it lies 12 German miles East of Gravelinge, and about one League and a half from Dunkirk. Al. VVinocksberg.

Berkeley, a Market-Town in Gloucestershire; The chief of its Hundred, upon the Banks of the Severn: where stands the Seat of the noble and antient Family of the Earls of Berkeley.

Berkhamsted, a Market-Town in Hartfordshire, in the Hundred of Dacor. S. Brithwald, Archbishop of Canterbury, held a Council here in 698. In Latin Bergamstedum.

Beikshire, Bercheria, is separated on the North by the River Isis from Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire; on the South by the River Kenet from Hantshire; on the West it Bordereth upon Wiltshire, and on the East upon Surry; generally fertil and rich, but especially the Vale of VVhite Horse. The Right Honorable Thomas Howard was created the first Earl of Berkshire, by Charles I. in 1625. He was second Coronation Earl, as well as second Son to Thomas Earl of Suffolk, in which Family it still is; the present Earl being the fourth in the Succession.

Berlin, Berolinum, or Berlinum, is one of the Noblest Cities in Germany. It belongs to the Upper Saxony, and stands in the middle Marquisate of Brandenburgh, upon the River Sprew, which a little further to the North falls into the Hamel. This City stands in a Marsh, very strongly Fortified, being the capital of that Marquisate, and the Residence of the Marquisses of Brandenburgh; divided by the River Sprew into two parts; that on the East side is call'd Berlin; that on the West Coln, or the Colony. 17 German Miles from Magdeburg to the South East, and 11 from Frankfort. Built by Albertus Ʋnsus, Prince of Anhalt, In 1142.

Bermudas, or the Summer Islands, are a knot of Islands on the Coast of Florida (supposed to be 400 in number) 1600 Leagues from England, 1000 from Madera, 400 from Hispaniola, and 300 from Carolina, which is the nearest Continent. Accidentally discovered by John Bermudaz a Spaniard, about 1522. Sir George Summers an English Man, being in 1609. sent by the Lord de la Ware to Virginia, stumbled again upon them, and suffered Shipwrack here; who was so taken with their verdure, plenty and delightfulness, that he neglected his return for England; and with the Assistance of Sir Thomas Gates setled a a Plantation here in 1612. and in 1616. Capt. Tucker was sent after the first Adventurers with 500 Men who established themselves so well, and fortified the Accesses so, that it is now thought impregnable. It is one of the most healthful places in the World; none dying here of almost any other Distemper but old Age: fruitful to a wonder, abounding in all things needful for the Life of Man but fresh Water, which is gotten with some difficulty from their Wells and Cisterns, for they have neither Springs nor Rivers. This Colony filled so fast, that in 1623. there were said to be 3000 English Inhabitants: called Bermudas from the Spanish, and Summer Islands from the English Discoverer.

Bermet, a City of the hither East-Indies, supposed by Castaldus, to be the Barbari of Arrian.

Bern, Berna, a great and well built City of Switzerland, which has its name from a Bear, and carries a Bear for its Arms. Built by Bertoldus Duke of Zeringhen in 1191. upon the River Aar, which falls into the Rhine at Waldhust, a Town of Schwaben: and adorned with a Library and an Arsenat that deserve to be remembred. It is the cheif City of the Canton of Bern, which is one of the largest Cantons, and was added to the rest in 1353. To look a little back into the antient History of this City: it obtained the right of an Incorporated City from the Emperors Henry IV. and Philip II. Confirmed by Frederick II. it continued under the Empire till 1228. and then put themselves under the Protection of the Duke of Savoy. In 1241. it had an unfortunate War with Gothofredus Duke of Habspurg, whereupon in 1243. they made a League with Freiburg, as also for ten Years with Wallisserlandt, in 1251. In 1287. this City was besieged by Rodolphus of Habspurg. They suffered much also from Albertus, who had a set Battle with them near their Walls in 1291. wherein they lost many Men, but had better Success against the Earl of Savoy the same year. In 1346. they renewed their League with Freiburg, after which followed the Perpetual League in 1353. whereby it obtained the second place amongst the Cantons. In 1528. it imbraced the Reformation, and thereupon passed a Law against mercenary Service in foreign Wars. It stands about 13 Miles from Bazil to the South, 4 from Freiburg to the North, and about 20 from Geneva to the North-East. This Canton is so well replenished with Gentry, handsom Towns, good Castles and Villages, that you may compare it almost to one continued City: and as for the Civil Government of it, it is managed by two Councils of Senators

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under a Chief, whom they call in French an Avoyer, in German Schaltesch; which last is an old Word in the Laws of the Lombards. See Doctor Burnett's Letters.

Bernards Castle, a Market-Town in Durham, in Darlington Wapentake, upon the River Tees; which takes its name from a Family that first came into England with the Saxons.

Bernbourg, a small City in Germany, in the Upper Saxony, in the Principality of Anhalt, upon the River Saaldar, [Sala] 4 German Miles from Magdebourg towards the South, and as many from Dessaw to the West. It is dignified with the Title of an Earldom and the Seat of a Castle.

Bernich, Berenice, a City of Africa upon the Mediterranean Sea, mentioned by Ptolemy and Pliny, but called Hesperia by Mela; one of the 5 Cities in Pentapolis; between the Promontory Boreum, (now il Capo di Teiones) upon the greater Syrtis, and the City of Arsinoe to the East. It had its antient name from Berenice the Queen of Ptolemy, the third King of Egypt, as Solinus saith.

Bernstadt, Bernardi Ʋrbs, a Town in Silesia in the Dutchy of Olss in Germany upon the River Veid or Veida: 3 or 4 Leagues from Breslaw.

Beroa, Berrhaea, believed to be the modern Aleppo, was a famous City amongst the Antients, reedified by Seleucus Nicanor, and sometime an Archbishops See under the Patriarch of Antioch. See Aleppo. § Also an antient Town in Macedonia, near the River Lydius.

Berry, Bituricensis Provincia, Bituriges, a Dukedom in France, bounded on the North by Sologne, on the East by Nivernois and Bourbone, on the West by Poictou, and part of Tourein; and on the South by Limosin. The Principal City of this Province is Bourges; divided into 2 parts by the River Chur: a rich, fruitful and populous Province. The antient Inhabitants are famous in History for the 2 Colonies of Gauls they transmitted into Germany and Italy under the Command of Segovesus and Bellovesus, both Nephews to Ambigatus King of Gallia Celtiqua, in the time of Tarquinius V. King of Rome: for from the Conquests by them made, proceeds the Division of Gallia Transalpina and Cisalpina. See Gallia.

Bersheba, or Beerseba, an antient City of Palestine, by the way of Gaza, to which Abraham and Abimelech gave this name, because of the Covenant they there mutually ratified by Oath with each other Gen. 21. 31. It fell afterwards by Lot to the Tribe of Simeon, Josh. 19. 2. and committed Idolatry with the Apostate Tribes, as we collect from Amos 5. 5. and S. Jerom. in loc. Some take it to be the same now with Gibel.

Bertinoro, Bretinorium, Petra Honorii, a City in the Province of Romagna in Italy, with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Ravenna hither removed from Forlimpopoli. Its Situation is upon a little Hill in the Borders of Tuscany near the River Renco.

S. Bertrand de Cominges, Convenae, seu Lugdunum Convenarum, a City of France, at the foot of the Pyrenean Mountains; upon the River Garonne, in the Earldom de Cominge; which was destroyed by the Franks under King Guntchramnus, in 584 but rebuilt by S. Bertrand, in 1100. and from him in after times it had its present name. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Auch; 25 Leagues from Thoulouse to the South, and 55 from Bourdeaux to the South-West.

Berwald, a Town beyond the River Oder in the New March, in the Marquisate of Brandenburgh; remarkable for the Treaty celebrated here in 1631. betwixt the Crowns of France and Sweden, and the Princes of Germany.

Berwick, Burcovicum, Bervicium, Teusis, a Town in Northumberland, situated upon the North side of the River Twede; the most Northern Town in the Kingdom of England, and (saith Camden) the strongest hold in all Britain. It stands upon a Promontory, so that it is almost totally incompass'd with the Sea and River. Delivered up to Henry II. by William King of Scotland, as a Pledge for his Ransom, being then a Prisoner in England: restor'd again by King John upon repayment of the Mony. Edward I. in 1297. retook it. After this it was won and lost divers times; till in the Reign of Edward IV. Sir Thomas Stanley made a final reducement of it to the Crown of England. The English Princes have fortified it, but especially Queen Elizabeth, who Walled it anew within the old Wall, and added Out-works after the later Modes, by which it was made incredibly strong. Henry II. built the Castle, and other of our Princes the outward Wall; so that all its Works are owing to the English. After a long Peace, in 1639. this Town saw the English and Scotch Encamped under her Walls again in opposition, till a Peace was concluded there Jane 17. However I find before the end of the War they were possessed of it, and quitted it, Feb. 17. 1646. March 12. 1686. King James II, created Mr. James Fitz-James his Natural Son, Duke of Berwick. Ehis Town lies in Long. 21. d. 43. m. Lat. 55. 48. and sends 2 Burgesses to the English Parliament.

Berytis, or Barut, an antient City of Phaenicia in Asia upon the Mediterranean Sea, and sometime an Archbishoprick under the Patriarch of Antioch. For in the 16th. Session of the great Council of Chalcedon we find the Bishop of Berytis taking the Title of a Metropolitan. In the year 1110. Baldwin I. King of Jerusalem, redeemed this City out of the hands of the Saracens, and settled particular Governors over it, till it became united with the Crown of Jerusalem, in whose ruin it received its own; and all the subsistance it now enjoys depends upon an inconsiderable little Commerce. Ibas Bishop of Edessa, was accused in a Council here in 448. of Arrianisme, and of treating S. Cyril as an Heretick; but acquitted.

Besagno, Feritor, a small River which riseth out of the Apennine Hills, and falls by the Walls of Genoua into the Mediterranean Sea:

Besanzon, Bisontio, Vesintio, a City of Burgundy in France, which is an Archbishops See, upon the River Doux, [Dubis;] an University, and has a Castle built of later times. Taken by the Spaniard in 1654 retaken by the French in 1668. and in 1674. and finally left to them by the Treaty of Nimeguen in 1678. Once an Imperial free City, made so by Henry I. in 1651. exempted from the Empire, and granted to the Spaniards. The Court of Parliament for the Dutchy of Burgundy sits here: it stands 15 Leagues from Montbelliard to the North-West, 20 from Dijon to the North-East. Joannes Chifletius wrote a particular Description and History of this City. The old Roman names of Campus Martius, Vicus Veneris, Vicus Castoris, Mons Jovis and the like, to several quarters within and without it continue to this day in French, as le Champ Mars, Rue de Venie, Rue de Chasteur, Mont Jouot &c. Abundance of Urns, Medals, Inscriptions, Vessels and Instruments of Sacrifice, are daily found here. The Ruins of the Triumphal Arch erected for the Emperor Aurelian in 274 are yet to be seen; which are undeniable marks of its being Antient, as now notwithstanding all former Misfortunes, it is also a flourishing Place.

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Besbre, Besbria, a small River in the Dukedom of Bourbone, which washeth the principal City, and then falls into the Loire.

Besecath, one of the Names of Africa.

Beses, Besos, Baetulo, a small River of Catalonia in Spain, which falls into the Mediterranean Sea, between Badelona and Barcelona. There stands a small Town call'd Beson by it, once Betulo from it.

Besiers, Bliterae, Buterae, a City of Languedoc in France upon the River Orbe, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Narbone; a fine and well built place, not above 2 Leagues from the Mediterranean Sea to the North, 11 from Mompellier to the West, and 3 from Pezenas.

Bessarabia, is a small Territory between Podolia to the North, Moldavia to the West, the Danube to the South, and the Black Sea to the East. Formerly a part of Moldavia, but in 1485. Bajazet II. Conquered it, and annexed it to his Empire, under which it has been ever since; the chief Town of it is Moncastrum, a very strong Town, taken by the Turks then also. It is called Budziack by the neighbouring Tartars, and by that Name is best known to the present times.

Bestercze, or Bestricze, Bistricia, a City of Transilvania. It stands in a very large Plain, upon a River of the same Name, which 2 Miles further takes in the Saio: 5 German Miles North-East from Burgles, and 15 from Weissenburg to the North-West. It is little and ill built.

Beta, a River of South America, in the Country of Paria, which falls into the River Orenock.

Betanzos, Flavium Brigantium, a small City in Gallicia in Spain, seated upon the North side of the River Mandeu, 11 Miles from Mondonnedo to the East.

Betawe, or Betau, a small Territory contain'd in the Dutchy of Guelderland, in the States of the Ʋnited Provinces. It seems to retain the Name of the antient Batavi, who had their Habitations here. Nimeguen stands in it.

Betente, an Island near Naples, call'd by the antients Parthenope.

Bethany, Bethania, an antient Town and Castle of Palestine near Jerusalem; of everlasting Fame for the Resurrection of Lazarus from his Grave at the Command of our Saviour here. John 11. There was another Bethany beyond Jordan.

Bethel, that is, in the Hebrew, The House of God, (according to the Interpretation of Jacob's Dream, Gen. 28. 17. 19.) was a City of Samaria, call'd Luz till the Patriarch chang'd its name. Here Jeroboam erected his Idols: In derision whereof it was afterwards call'd Bethaven, that is, The House of Iniquity, says S. Jerom in Oseam. Ch. 4 and 5. Josias destroy'd those Idols.

Bethlehem, that is in the Hebrew, The House of Bread, the Place of the Nativity of our Saviour, and the capital of the Family of David; as likewise the Birth-place of David: call'd Bethlehem of Judea in distinction from another Bethlehem in the Tribe of Zabulon, was never but a small place; two Leagues from Jerusalem to the South, and 32 from Nazareth. Now Inhabited by about 150 Houses of Turks, Moor's, Arabians, and some poor Christians, that make a Trade of selling Chapelets and Crucifixes to Pilgrims. Yet St. Mary's Church, built by Helena, is entire still; and in the particular part of it where our Saviour first entred into this World, within a Circle illustrated with a Glory like the Rays of the Sun, there are these words Engraved, Hic ex Virgine Maria Jesus Christus natus est. The Greeks, Armenians, and Latin Cordeliers, have their several Quarters in this Church. It is a very noble Pile, envied by the Turks, who therefore have robb'd it of some Ornaments to carry to their Mosques. S. Jerom says, the Pagans heretofore erected the Idols of Adonis and Venus in it to prophane it. In 1110. after the Christians had gained the Holy Land, they constituted Bethlehem a Bishops See under the Patriarch of Jerusalem. It stands upon a small Hill, and nothing can be pleasanter than the Valleys about it. § When the Christians were expelled the Holy Land again, in 1223. Raynaud Bishop of Bethlehem attended Guy Earl of Nevers into France, who conferred upon him the Administration of an Hospital at Clameci, a small Town in the Diocese of Auxerre in the Province of Nivernois; which was afterwards augmented in Honor with the Title of Bishop of Bethlehem, to continue to the Successors of the said Rainaud for ever, in the nomination of the Earls and Dukes of Nevers: hence there is at this day a Bishop of Bethlehem in France without any Lands or Diocese.

Bethshan, an antient Town in Palestine in the Tribe of Menasseh, called Scythopolis by Josephus and Stephanus. The Philistines fixed the Body of King Saul to the Walls of this place. 1. Sam. 31. 10.

Bethshemesh, Bethsama, at first called Abel, (1 Sam. 6. 18.) was a Town in Palestine belonging to the Levites Josh. 21. 16. whither the Ark came, when dismissed by the Philistines, 1. Sam. 6. 14. and 50000 Bethshemites were immediatly struck with death for presuming to look into it, according to the common Translations: whereas Josephus, S. Jerom, Isidore, Lyra, Tostatus, and Bochartus maintain the number of the slain was no more than 70. § There was another Bethlehem in the Tribe of Naphthali, remark'd because the old Inhabitants (the Canaanites) were not driven thence as God had commanded. Jud. 1. 33. And a third in the Tribe of Issachar at the foot of Mountain Carmel.

Bethulia, an antient, strong and great City in the Tribe of Zabulon in Galilee; famous for the Siege laid to it by Holofernes, and the Victory of Judith over his Army and him at one fatal blow. Together with a Fortress formerly built by the Christians near Bethlehem.

Bethune, a strong well built Town in Artois, upon the River Biette, 8 Leagues from Arras [Atrebatum] toward the North, and 5 from Aire. It has been under the French ever since 1645. when it was taken by them; being ceded to them by the Pyrenean Treaty in 1659. This Town is raised to the Honor of a Marquisate.

Betley, a Market-Town in Staffordshire in the Hundred of Pirehill.

Betlis, a City of Armenia, 10 days Journey from Diarbeker, belonging to a Sovereign Bey or Prince, who neither acknowledges the Grand Seignior nor the King of Persia; but courted by both as being Master of a Country: so situated betwixt Mountains and Rivers, that he is able with 10 Men to defend the Passes against 1000, and intercept the Correspondence of Aleppo and Tunis at pleasure: he can send into the Field above 20000 Horse and very good Infantry.

Bethsaida, an antient Town of Palestine in Galilee in the Tribe of Zabulon, near the the Lake of Genezareth. S. Andrew and S. Philip the Apostles were born here.

Beveland, an Island of Zeland in the United Netherlands; rent asunder by a Tempest in 1532. from East to West, and since divided into North and South Beveland. Goes stands in this Island.

Beverly, a Town in the East Riding of Yorkshire, seated upon the West side of the River Hull, about a Mile from it: about 5 Miles North of Hull. Camden supposeth it to be the old Petvaria Parisiorum, though there be no signs of a great Antiquity now to be found. One John Sirnamed de Beverly, Archbishop of York, a Pious and Learned Man in the esteem of Bede, in his old Age resigned his Bishoprick, and retired hither, and in holy Meditations here died in 721. For the sake of this Holy Person, the Saxon Kings gave great Privileges to this place, particularly Athelstan by a Grant in these Words, A is Free make I thee, as Heart may think or Eye may see. They had also a Sanctuary endowed with the largest Priviledges; so that the Town grew great, rich, and populous; governed at first by Wardens; but Queen Elizabeth made it a Major Town. It sends 2 Burgesses to the Parliament.

Beuray, or Beureet, a Town in the Territory of Autun in Burgundy in France; supposed to be the Bibracte of Cesar, where he once assembled the Deputies of all Gallia under him, and oftentimes Wintered his Troops: imparting his own name Julia to it.

Bewdley, a Market-Town in Worcestershire in the Hundred of Doddington, which sends one Burgess to the Parliament. It stands upon the Severn near the Forest of Wire; of particular Esteem in the Reign of Henry VII. he building a House here for Prince Arthur, called Ticken Hall.

Beux, a Village near to Seignelay in the Province of Burgundy in France; made lately remarkable by one Couallier, surnamed the Phisician of Beux; a Man born and educated amongst the meanest Employs of the Country; yet he attained to so singular a Knowledge of all the Species of Diseases and Remedies, without studying the Faculty in Books or Schools, that not only Monsieur Colbert laid his obligations upon him to recide at Seignelay, but from all parts they came to consult him, so that he left to his Son at his Death an Estate of above 100000 Crowns.

Beziers, Biterra, Beterensis Civitas, a great and antient City in the Province of Languedoc in France, with the Dignity of a Viscounty and of an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Narbonne. It was a Roman Colony in the times of Julius Cesar and Tiberius; having afterwards 2 Temples built in it to the Honor of Julius and Augustus. In the year 356. the Arians held a Council here against S. Hilary, which occasioned his Banishment by the Emperor Constantius. The Goths and Saracens successively ruined it. In 1209. the Croisade cut off 10000 of its Inhabitants. In 1233. a Council was assembled against the Albigenses at this place. About the year 1247. it became united to the Crown of France, whereas before it had been governed by its own Viscounts. It stands upon the River Orb, 2 Leagues from the Sea, and 3 from Agde: and had a Cittadel which was demolished in 1633.

Biafara, a Town and Kingdom in Guiney in Africa: the former stands upon the River dos Camaornes; the other (that receives its name from it) extends itself betwixt the Kingdom of Benni, the Niger, and the States of Congo.

Bialacerkiow, Bialaceria, a Town in the Palatinate of Kiovia in the Kingdom of Poland, upon the River Ros, ill built.

Bialogrod, Arvis, Hermonassa, the principal Town of Bessarabia, seated upon the Shoars of the Euxine, or Black Sea; 30 Miles from the North outlet of the River Danube, called Moncastrum, by the later Latin Writers; Bialogrod, by the Moldavians, and Beligrad by the Turks; under whom it is, being taken by Bajazet II. in 1485. It lies 60 German Miles from Arhianople, and 63 from Constantinople to the North.

Biaur, Biaurus, a River in Rovergne in France.

Bibiena, a Town in the Principality of Piedmont in Italy; by some Authors esteemed to the be Forum Vibii of the Antients.

Bibrach, Bibacum, Bibracum, a City in Schwaben, in Germany, seated upon a small River which a very little farther falls into the Riss, which last falls into the Danube, 2 German Miles above Ʋlm; this City stands about 5 German Miles from Ʋlm to the North-West. This is an Imperial City, and takes its name from a Castor or Beaver. Under Pepin King of France, about 751. it was a Village, but Frederick II. walled it. For some signal Services performed under Maximilian I. the publick Arms of it were changed from a Crowned Castor or Beaver, to a Crowned Lyon: it obtained also from Maximilian II. the right of Sealing with Red Wax. Long. 31. 51. Lat. 48. 00. Written sometimes Biberach; and famous for the Mineral Waters, they call the Waters of Jordan, within its Territory.

Bicaner, a Town in the County of Bacar in the East-Indies, in the States of the Great Mogul, understood by some to be the Bardeatis of the Antients.

Bicestre, an antient Castle below the Village of Gentilly near Paris. The name Bicestre is confessed to be but a Corruption of Winchester: for from the time that John Bishop of Winchester made it his residence, when the English had Conquered France, it took the name of Winchester Castle from him, and kept it through the whole course of its Fortunes. Of late, since its total Consumption and Ruin, Lewis XIII. built an Hospital in the place of it for maimed Soldiers.

Bicester, a Market-Town in Oxfordshire in the Hundred of Ploughley.

Bicoqua, a small Town in the Milanese in Italy, 3 Miles from Milan. The French were here defeated by the Swisse in 1522.

Bidache, a Town upon the River Bidouse in the Territory of Bearne in France; 5 or 6 Leagues from Bayonne. It sustains the Title of a Principality, and has a Castle which Charles V. never could Conquer.

Bidassoa, Bidasso, and Vidasso, a small River which riseth out of the Pyrenean Hills, in the Confines of Navarr, 7 Miles from S. Johns; and presently crossing the Pyrenean Mountains, it runs between the Territories of Labour in France, and Guipuscoa in Spain; and falls into the Cantabrian Ocean at Fontarabia, where it divides France from Spain. Famous for the Pyrenean Treaty here made in an Island of this River, between the Kings of France and Spain, Nov. 7. 1659. and also for an interview between those two Princes in 1660. in the same Island, called the Island of Pheasants.

Bidlyn, the present name of Indus, one of the most famous Rivers of the East-Indies.

Bidumi, Idumaea, a part of Palestine.

Biela, Bugella, Gaumellum, and Laumellum, a Town in the District of Vercellois in Piedmont under the Duke of Savoy, and the Capital of a small Territory called Le Biallese. It is rich, handsom, and populous. Francis II. Duke of Modena died here in 1658.

Biela Osero, that is, in the Muscovian Language, the White Lake, is a Province of Muscovy, which is honored with the Title of a Dukedom; between the Province of Wologda to the East and North, and that of Novigrod (which is also a Dukedom) to the South and West. The chief City of it is Biela, seated upon a River of the same name; almost in the middle between Novigrod to the East, and Wologda to the West, and about 62 German Miles North-West of Moskow, the Capital of this Kingdom: written sometimes Bela. The Grand Duke of Muscovy shuts up a part of his Treasures in this City; because its Situation in the midst of many Marshes, renders it almost impregnable.

Bielba, a City of Muscovy, towards the Confines of Lithuania, about 30 German Miles North of Smolasko, and 59 North-West from Moscow; there is a Province annexed to this City called Bielki. This City is written Bielha, and Bielska, and the Province Bielski. It is one of the Titles in the Stile of the Grand Duke of Muscovy.

Bielski. See Bielba.

Bielsko, Bielco, a City in the Province of Smolaske in Poland, between Grodno to the South, and Bressici to the North. This place was by Treaty surrendred to the Muscovites in 1634. together with Smolensko, Novograd, and other strong places, and the Territories belonging to them. It stands upon the River Biala, with a strong Fortress, betwixt Brescici and Warsaw.

Bienne, Bienna, called by the Germans, Biel, is a small City in Switzerland, seated upon a Lake of the same name, between Neufchastel to the South, and Solothurn or Soleurre to the East under the Bishop of Basil; but from 1547. it has been in the League with the Cantons and so in a manner almost free. It was once also an Imperial City, though now no part of the Empire.

Bientina, a Town in the Province of Tuscany in Italy, under the Great Duke of Florence, taking its name from the Lake di Bientina.

Biescid, a part of the Carpathian Fountains.

Bietala, or Biutala, a strong Fortress upon the furthermost Borders of the Kingdom of Barantola in Tartary. It is the ordinary place of Residence for the Grand Lama, that is, the High Priest of their Law.

Bievre, a small River in the Isle of France, which after a short course, falls into the Seyne a little above Paris. The Water of this River is accounted excellent for dying of Scarlet. In the years 1526. and 1579. it overflowed up to the second Story of the Houses in the Suburbs of S. Marcell at Paris.

Bigenis, Abacena, Abacenum, a Town in the Island of Sicily near Messina, upon the River called Fieume di Castro Reale, in the Valley of Demona.

Bigleswade, a Market-Town in Bedfordshire. The Capital of its Hundred: pleasantly seated on the River Ivel.

Bigorre, Bigerrones, Bigerrensis Comitatus, a Province or County of France, so called from the principal Town: in length 10 Leagues, and in breadth 3: bounded on the west with Bearn, on the East with Tholouse, on the North with Armagnac and Estrac, and on the South with the Pyrenean Hills. This was once, an Earldom of a larger extent as Peter de Marca saith in his History of Bern. Tarbes is its Capital City.

Biguba, a Kingdom of Nigritia in Africa.

Bilbao the chief City of Biscay in Spain, call'd by the Romans Flaviobriga; seated upon the River Nervio, 2 Leagues from the Cantabrian Ocean; a large, beautiful, well traded City; from S. Andreo 13 Miles to the North-East, and 24 from Bayonne to the South. Joannes Mariana is of opinion, that Bilbao is of a later Origine, and saith it was built by Didacus Lupus de Haro, Lord of Biscay, in 1298. which is true; but then it stands in the same place; the old Name of Flaviobriga was given it in Honor of Vespasian. This City stands in a Plain, in a wet Ground upon a small River and is incompassed with very high Hills.

Bilbilis, the Birthplace of the Poet Martial, was an antient City in Hispama Tarraconensis, belonging to the Celtiberi, upon the River Xalon, famous for excellent Iron and Steel: some believe the modern Calatayud, others Xiloca to be the same with it. §. Bilbilis is also the antient name of a River in that Country, said to have a particular Virtue for tempering of Iron and Steel: they now call it Xiloca. See Xiloca.

Biledulgerid, a City and Province in Africa, which lies a great length from East to West, but is not of equal breadth. It is bounded on the North by Barbary, on the East by Egypt, on the South by Zahara or the Desart; and on the West by the Atlantick Ocean: a vast, but barren Country, nor has it any Cities of great Note in it: Tarudante and Caphesa are the most considerable. This Province was a part of the Country of the antient Getuli: about 980 Miles long from East to West, and 220 broad. The name signifies a Country fruitful of Dates.

Bilefeld, a Hanse Town in the Province of Westphalia in Germany towards Munster, with a good Castle.

Bildeston, a Market-Town in Suffolk in the Hundred of Cosford.

Bille, Billena, a River of Germany. It riseth in the Province of Wageren, separates Holstein from the lower Circle of Saxony, and falls into the Elb at Hamburgh.

Billericay, a Market-Town in Essex in the Hundred of Barnstaple.

Billesdon, a Market-Town in Leicestershire in the Hundred of Gartrey.

Billingham, a Market-Town in Northumberland in Tindale Ward.

Binbroke, a Market-Town in Lincolnshire in the Hundred of Walshcroft.

Billom, a Town in the Province of Auvergne in France, 5 or 6 Leagues from Clermont. It is a very trading Place, in a fruitful Soil.

Bimini, a small Island East of Florida in America. It is one of the Luccaye's, to the South of the Island of Bahama.

Binche, Bink or Bins, Binchium, a Town in Hainault, near the River Haisne; 3 Leagues from Mons to the Eastward, and 4 from Maubeuge to the North; is now decaying: it was taken by the French in 1667. and restored back to the Spaniards in 1678. by the Treaty of Nimeguen. Mary Queen of Hungary, Sister to the Emperor Charles V. built herself a Noble Palace here, to enjoy the good Air of the Place, which is still called Marimont.

Bingen, a fine Town belonging to the Elector of Mayence, upon the River Rhine, where it entertains the River Nar, which here is covered with a stone Bridge; once a Free Imperial City, but now exempted from the Empire. The antient Geographers and Historians make mention of it. It has a Castle seated on a Hill, and stands 4 German Miles from Mayence towards the West, and 2 from Greitznack to the North: near it in an Island in the Rhine, is a Castle called Mauszthurn: wherein the Report goes, that Hatto the second Archbishop of Mayence was eaten alive by Rats; it is now almost wholly ruin'd.

Bingham, a Market-Town in the County of Nottingham, the Capital of its Hundred.

Bendimir, Bagrada, a River of Persia, which riseth in the Desarts of Carmania, about 20 German Miles South of Hispahan; and watering the Province of Fars, it washeth Astachar; after which having received another small River from the West, it falls into the Persian Gulph 25 German Miles West of Ormus.

Biolizero, a Fortress built in a Lake, where the Duke of Muscovy keeps his Treasures. See Biela Osero.

Biorneburg, a small City belonging to the Swedes in North Finland, where the River (Cumus) Rauto•',

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falls into the Bay of Botner in almost 62 deg. of Lat. It is a poor place, and consists of a few Houses.

Biobio, a River of South America, in the Kingdom of Chili; which springeth from the Andes, and running Westward, falls into the Pacifick Ocean, near S. Conception a City of Chili and the Island of Aviquirina.

Bir, Birtha, a small but Antient City of Arabia Deserta, upon the Euphrates, 130 Miles East of Aleppo, in the Consines of Mesopotamia, 10 German Miles West of Ʋrpha. The usual place of Embarking upon the Euphrates for Bagdet. This City is under the Turks; and formerly was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Edessa. Some write it Biro. Ptolemy mentions it.

Birka, or Birkopin Birca, the Capital Town of the Province of Ostregothia in Sweden: heretofore considerable, but almost ruined now.

Birkenfield, a Town in the Palatinate of the Rhine in Germany. Honoured with the Title of a Principality. It stands near the River Nab, 5 or 6 Leagues from Treves.

Birmingham, a Market-Town in warwickshire in the Hundred of Hemlingford.

Biron, a Town in the Province of Perigord in France, and one of the most antient Baronies of the same. Erected into a Dukedom by King Henry IV. It at present bears the Title of a Marquisate.

Birs, and Biersick are 2 small Rivers in the Canton of Basil.

Bisaccia, a small City in the Principate, in the Kingdom of Naples, near the Apennine, 2 Leagues from Cedogna, and 7 from Monte-Verde. It consisteth of a very small number of Inhabitants; yet a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Conza; and illustrated with the Title of a Dukedom.

Bisagno, See Besagno.

Biscay, Cantabria, called by the Spaniards Vizcaja, by the French Biscay; hath on the North-West the Cantabrian Ocean, or the Bay of Biscay; on the East the Kingdom of Navarre, on the South the Kingdom of Castile, and on the West Asturia. It enjoys the Title of a Principality, because heretosore it had Princes of its own, of the Family de Haro; the last of which dying in the Siege of Algezira, this Principality fell to King John of Castile, and from thenceforward became a part of that Kingdom. It is about 26 Spanish Leagues from East to West, but not so broad. Bilbao is its principal City; it is a fruitful and a populous Country, and full of Sea Ports. Reduced heretofore under the Roman Yoak with great difficulty. § The same name is also given to a part of New Spain in America. They call it New Biscay. It is bounded on the North with the Kingdom of Mexico, the Province of Panuco to the East, Zacatecas to the South, and Culiacan to the West; there are 2 Mines of Silver in it. § The French Biscay, see Basques.

Bisegli, Vigiliae, a City in the Province of Bari in the Kingdom of Naples, with an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Trani, upon the Adriatick Ocean; between Trani, Molfetta, and Bari.

Biserta Ʋtica, a City of Africa. Immortally honored by giving a Sirmane to Cato Ʋticensis. It stands in the Kingdom of Tunis upon the Mediterranean Sea, between Carthage and Tabarqua: and is now become a Retreat of •yrates.

Bishops Castle, a Market-Town in the County of Salop in the Hundred of Purslow, not far from the River Chun. It Elects 2 Members of Parliament.

Bisignano, Besidia, a little City in the hither Calabria, in the Kingdom of Naples, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Rossano, but exempted from his Jurisdiction: also honored with the Title of a Principality which belongeth to the Family of San Severini; seated on a Hill, and has a strong Castle, upon the River (Cotilum) Cochilo, which a little farther falls into the River Crate. It is a fine City of about 2 Miles compass, surrounded with high Hills: called Ʋrbs Brutiorum by Livy.

Bisnagar, the Kingdom that bears this Name, is a considerable Country in the East-Indies; bounded on the North with the Kingdoms of Decan and Cuncam; on the East, with the Gulph of Bengale; on the West with the Indian Sea, and on the South with the Kingdom of Malabar, and Singa; it is sometimes also call'd the Kingdom of Narsinga. This Kingdom is subject to a Prince of its own; but then it is also divided into several petty Kingdoms, which have Princes that are Tributary Homagers to the King of Narsinga. The City that gives Name to it lies almost exactly in 15 d. of Northern Lat. and 107 of Long. on the Eastern side of a long chain of Mountains that divide this vast Promontory from North to South. It lies 45 Leagues West from the Shoars of the Bay of Bengale, and 35 from Narsinga to the West.

Bisneghe, Hesperium Cornu, commonly call'd Capo-verde, is a Promontory in Nigritia in Africa, upon the Western Shoar, in 14 deg. of Northern Lat.

Bisnow, the Name of a Sect amongst the Banjans, in the East-Indies. In this, different from the Sect of Zamarath, That the Women live Widows after their Husbands death, and do not burn themselves in the same funeral Pile with them.

Bitche, a County in Lorrain, upon the Frontiers of Germany.

Bitetto, a City in the Province of Bari, in the Kingdom of Naples; with an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Bari. It is but small, and indifferently Peopled. Betwixt Bari and Bitonto.

Bithynia, a celebrated Province of Asia Minor, where stood the famous Cities of Nice and Chalcedon, Heraclea, and Apamea, &c. Heretofore a Kingdom; which ended in the Person of Nicomedes IV. when dying without Issue he nominated the Romans his Heirs, in the Year 679. that is, 75 years before the Birth of our Saviour. It lies towards the Euxine Sea, and the Archipelago: And now call'd Chintale.

Bito, one of the Kingdoms of Nigritia in Africa: separated from the Kingdom of Benin by the Mountains; with a capital City of the same name.

Bitonto, Butuntum, a City of the Territory di Bari in Apulia in Italy, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Bari: 5 miles from the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea towards the South, and 8 from Bari to the West; it lies in a very fruitful Plain, in pretty good esteem, and indifferently well Peopled. Also adorn'd with the Title of a Marquisate.

Bitsin, Bitisinum, a Town in Silesia, where Sigismund, King of Poland, besieged and took Maximilian Arch-Duke of Austria, his Competitor in the Kingdom of Poland, Prisoner, in the Year 1578. and after, upon the Intercession of Rodolphus II. and his renouncing of his pretence to Poland, released him.

Bivar, a Town of Hungary, upon the Save.

Bivoras, Salsum, a River of Andalusia.

Bizano, a Kingdom of Ethiopia, divided from the Kingdom of Gojame, in the same Region, by the River Nile.

Blackburn, a Market-Town in Lancashire near the River Derwent; the capital of its Hundred.

Black Sea. See Euxine Sea.

Blandiac, a Town in the Diocese of Ʋsez in the Province of Languedoc in France.

Blanford, a Market-Town in Dorsetshire, in the Hundred of Pimpern, upon the River Stower.

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Blankeberghe, a Town and Port, with a Castle, in Flanders; 2 Leagues from Bruges, and thereabouts from Ostend.

Blanmont, or Blamont, Blamontium, a Town in the Dukedom of Lorain upon the River Voiziere; giving the Title of an Earl. Formerly Fortifi'd. At present in a low condition.

Blansac, a Town in the Province of Angoumois in France upon the River Nai, situated in a fruitful Soil; betwixt Valette, Bonteville, and Angouleme.

Blavet, a River of Bretagne in France, giving Name to the Town Blavet, (see Porto Loüis); and passing Pontivi and Hennebont, falling into the Ocean at Porto Louis.

Blaye, Blavium, Blavutum, a well fortified Town of great importance in the Province of Guyenne in France, upon the River Gironde, 6 Leagues from Bourdeaux. (The Gironde is a name they give the Garonne after its reception of the Dordogne). Since the year 1475. by the order of Lewis XI. the Foreign Vessels going up to Bourdeaux, use to leave their Artillery here. In the Civil Wars of France, This Town was first taken by the Huguenots; then by the Leaguers, who held it out against a Siege in 1593. tho the Spanish Fleet coming to their assistance, was defeated by the Marshal de Matignon.

Bleking, a Province in Sweden, yielded to them by the Danes in 1658. at the Treaty of Roskill. It lies upon the Baltick Sea, and was heretofore remark'd with the Title of a Dukedom.

Blemyes, Blemiae, an antient People of Aethiopia, reduced under the Roman Empire in the time of the Emperour Marcian. Fabulously reported to have their Eyes in their Breasts from nothing but an ill custom of holding down their Heads too low.

Blene, a fruitful Country in the antient Kingdom of Pontus, in Asia Minor, watered by the River Amnias. Mithridates, King of Pontus, defeated Nicomedes King of Bethynia here; who thereupon retired into Italy.

Bletterans, a Town in Franche Comtè, upon the Borders of the Dutchy of Burgundy, and the River Seile, about 9 Leagues from Dole and Chalon. Heretofore Fortifi'd, now without Walls

Bliburg, or Blithborough, a small Town in the County of Suffolk, upon the South side of the River Blithe, which a little farther falls into Southwold Bay. In this Town, Anna, a Christian King of the East-Angles lies buried, who was slain by Penda, King of Mercia, in a set Battle, together with Ferminus, his eldest Son, in the year 654. Henry I. King of England founded afterwards a Priory of Black Canons. But that being demolished, the Town fell to ruin, and is now a very small Place.

Blith, a Market-Town in the County of Nottingham in the Hundred of Bassetlaw.

Blois, Blesae, a Town in France, and Capital of a County call'd Le Blois; it is well built and populous, upon the Loire, which is here passable by a Bridge of Stone; it has also a Castle, lately repair'd by Gaston, Duke of Orleans. The Kings of France have frequently retired hither to enjoy themselves, by reason of the pleasantness of the situation of it, and the Magnificence and Elegance of the Buildings. Lewis XII. was born here, in the Year 1461. Ann his Queen died here in 1514. also Claude the Queen of Francis I. in 1524. and Catharine de Medices, the Relict of Henry II. in 1589. Here was also that famous Assembly of the States of France, in which, by the order of Henry III. Henry Duke of Guise was Assassined, together with the Cardinal his Brother; which caused the Murdering of that Prince soon after, by James Clement a Dominican Fryar, in revenge of it. This place lies between Tours and Orleans: The County de le Blois is bounded on the East by the Dukedom of Orleans, on the West by Tours, on the South by Berry, and on the North by Beausse.

Blonicz, Blonicum, a City or very great Town of the Kingdom of Poland, in the Confines of the Province of Mazowski, 7 Polish Miles from Warsaw towards the West; built all of Timber.

Bobio, Bobi, Bobium, a City in the Dutchy of Milan in Italy, with an Episcopal See, under the Archbishop of Genoua. It takes its situation upon the River Trabia, and its Original from an Abby founded here in former times by S. Columbanus.

Bocchara, a River of Bactria.

Bochir, Canopus, a City of Egypt, upon the Western Branch of the Nile, where Claudian the Poet was born; 25 Miles East of Alexandria.

Bodegrave, a Town in Holland upon the Rhine, 3 Leagues from Ʋtrecht: Made remarkable by a Battle here fought betwixt the French and Dutch, in the Year 1672.

Bodmin, Voliba or Voluba, a Market-Town in Cornwal, in the Hundred of Trigg, which returns Two Burgesses to the Parliament. It is situated near the River Alan, and was heretofore the Seat of a Bishop.

Bodrogh, a City of the Upper Hungary on the River Danube, which was heretofore the Capital of an Earldom. This place lies 7 German Miles South of Segedin, 16 East of Buda, and about 4 Miles North of Esseck; it is now in the hands of the Emperor, by the Conquest of Buda and Segedin in 1686.

Bodrog, a River of the Upper Hungary, which riseth in the Carpathian Hills, and falls into the Tibiscus at Tokay.

Boeotja, an antient Province of Greece, now called Stramulipa: Plutarch, and Pausanias, and Epaminondas were Natives thereof: the famous Helicon and Aganippe stand in it: the Rivers Asopus and Cephisus watered it: and in all the former Wars of Greece, this Province bore a considerable Share, See Stramulipa.

Bogazin, the Streight between Constantinople and Asia, antiently called Bosphorus Thracicus.

Bogdiana, the same with Moldavia.

Bohemia, a great Kingdom in Germany belonging to the House of Austria; which though it is almost encompassed by the German Territories, yet is properly no part of Germany. It has a distinct and different Language, and been a separate Kingdom ever since the year 1086. Bounded on the North and West by the Dukedom of Saxony, on the East by Hungary, and on the South by Bavaria and Austria: containing almost 40 Towns and Cities in it that they call Royal, whereof Prague is the Capital. This Kingdom maintained great Wars with the Caroline Race of Kings, till about the year 894. Borzivoius Duke of Moravia, becoming Prince also of Bohemia, procured their imbracing the Christian Faith universally. When in the year 1196. Petrus Capuanus, one of the Cardinals of Rome, would have brought in Celibacy amongst their Clergy, he met with great opposition, and ran the hazard of being slain by the Bohemian Priests. They received the Waldenses, who fled hither about the year 1230. John Hus's, and Jerom of Prague about the year 1414. had great success in their Preaching, and George Podi•bach King of Bohemia became his Convert. In 1454. there was another Accession of the Waldenses; insomuch that in 1467. there was 200 Churches of this Persuasion in Bohemia and Moravia. In the year 1536, they imbraced Luther's Reformation: 1564, they obtained from Maximilian that Liberty which Ferdinand I. had deny'd them; which lasted but one Year. In 1575. they obtained their Liberty again, which was confirm'd in the Year 1611. by Rodolphus II. Matthias the next Emperor not maintaining these Grants, they chose Frederick Elector Palatine King of Bohemia, and Crown'd him at Prague in 1619. This caused a War with the House of Austria: The Elector being ejected by force of Arms in the Year 1620, for 30 Years following, Germany became an Acheldama, a Field of Blood; and the Reformation was ruined by an Edict made in 1630. And the House of Austria in Germany was in almost equal danger. Albertus Duke of Austria obtained this Crown by Election in the Year 1437. And in the Year 1526, Ferdinand Arch-Duke of Austria was freely elected after the former Branch had been discontinu'd; since which time there has been no Interruption but that unfortunate one made by Frederick Elector Palatine; so that it is become, by the Strength of the House of Austria and the Weakness of the Bohemians, an Hereditary Kingdom to the House of Austria. The King of Bohemia is the first secular Elector of the Emperor of Germany, though it be no part of the Empire.

Boiana, a River that divides Dalmatia from Macedonia; this River is commonly call'ed il Drino; and in its proper place I shall speak more of it.

Boiano, a Colony and City of the Samnites in the County of Molise upon the River Biferno, which falls into the Adriatick Sea: It stands at the foot of the Apennine in the borders of Campania▪ 18 Miles from Trivento towards the North, and 22 from Capua towards the East; and though it is a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Benevento, yet it is little, and ill built, and ill inhabited.

Boii, an ancient People▪ 1. of Gallia Celtiqua, possessing the Provinces now called Auvergne and Bourbonnois in France. 2. of Bavaria in Germany; otherwise mentioned by the Names of Bojares and Bavari. See Bavari. 3 Of Gallia Cispadana in Italy, where are now the Dutchies of Modena and Parma. See Gallia.

Bois•clle or Enrichemont, Boscabellum, a Town in the Dukedom of Berry in France, with a Castle, and the Title of a Principality; betwixt Bourges and Sancerre.

Bois-de-Trahison, or Bois-de-Gamelon, a Forrest upon the Banks of the Seine betwixt Paris and Pontoise in France. One Gamelon in the time of Charles the Great, using to ambuscade Men here, has left his Name to the Place.

Boisy, a Seigniory in the Country of Chablais in Savoy, near the Lake of Geneva.

Bolena, Bolina, Bolaenae, an ancient City of the Morea, mention'd by Pausanias and Stephanus, near to Patras and the River Glaueus; and sometime an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Patras.

Bolene, a Town in the County of Venaisin in Provence in France; upon the Ascent of a little Hill with the River Letz gliding at its foot. It shews the ruines of a Castle.

Boleslaw, Boleslavia, a small City in Bohemia, upon the River Gizera, which falls into the River Albus: This City stands eight Miles from Prague towards the North-East. There is another call'd Irung-Bunczel, which stands within two Miles of Prague, where the Gizera falls into Albus; which last was built in 935. They are distinguished from each other by the Names of the Old and the Younger Boleslaw.

Bollerbrun, a Lake near the Village of Altembeck in the Province of Westphalia in Germany; having a remarkable strong Flux and Reflux daily.

Bolli, Paphlagonia, a Province of the •esser Asia

Bologna, in Italy. See Bononia.

Bologne à la mèr, the Icius Portus of Cesar, Gessoriacus Portus, and Gessoriacum, a City of Picardy, a Province of France; it is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Rhemes, and stands upon the River [Liana] Lenart, which there falling into the British Sea on the South of this City, makes a convenient H•ven. This City is distant from Calis about seven Leagues to the South, and five from Estaples to the North. It gives name to a small County which from it is called le Bonlenois. The Town is divided into two parts, the Upper and the Lower, both which are well fortified. This place seems to have been the usual place of passing into Britain during the Roman Empire; and both Claudius and Caligula came to it on that account: And Pliny saith, it was the shortest and most convenient Passage. It began to be called Bononia about the time of Constantine the Great, who took it in his Passage to his Father then dying at York. Henry the VII. of England in 1487. reduc'd this City to a very low condition, when he entred France for the Protection of the Dutchy of Britain; but then Charles the VIII. of France bought his Peace, and preserv'd it. His Son Henry the VIII. took it afterwards in 1544. and kept it all his Life: Edward the VI. in the Disorders of his Minority sold or surrendred it to the French again, for a much less sum of Money than it cost the Crown of England to gain it. The Bishop's See was translated hither from Tournay when the English took that City. It lies in Longitude 22. 42. Latitude 50. 30. §. Also a small Town in the Province of Gascoigne, near the River Gers, upon the borders of Bigorre.

Le Boulenois, or the County belonging to Bologne, lies in the North part of the Province of Picardy; bounded on the West by the British Sea, on the North by the County of Guisnes, on the East by Artois, and on the South by the County of Ponthieu; from which last it is separated by the River Canche. This County was once an Earldom of it self; during which time it gave one King to England, and another to Jerusalem, Godfrey III. was the latter, and King Stephen of England the other; it continued so till Bertrand de la Tour (the last Earl of it) in 1477. sold it to Lewis XI. of France, who with mighty Ceremony did homage to the Virgin Mary, and made her some Promises which his Successors never thought of keeping; as may be seen in Dr. Heyli's Cosmography.

The Bolognese, a Territory adjacent to the City of Bologna in Italy, generally epitheted la Grassa, from its Fruitfulness: Dove si legano le vigne con sals•ccie, where the Vines are tied up with Sausages, says the Proverb.

Bolsena, Volsinium, a City of S. Peter's Patrimony in Italy, which was the seat of a Bishop untill the Translation thereof to Orvieto. It gives Name to the Lake Bolsena, in which the Island of Matana stands, where the Queen Amalazonte was put to death by the ungrateful Theodatus▪

Bolsover, a Market-Town in Derbyshire in the Hundred of Scarsdale. The Duke of Newcastle has a Seat here.

Bolswert, or Boleswart, a Town in West-Fri•sland, in the Earldom of Holland, about 3 Leagues from Leeu Warden.

Bolton, a Market-Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Salford; with the Title of a Duke of late to the Lord Marquess of Winchester.

Bolzano, a small Town in the Vicentine in Italy, under the Republick of Venice, upon the River Adige. Others place it in the Trentine, and say it is a very Trading Place.

Bombon, a Province of Peru in the West-Indies, towards the River Xauxa.

Bommel, Bommelia, an Island beautified with a fair Town in the Dutchy of Guelderland. The Town stands upon the River Maes, two German Miles from Boisl•duc towards Ʋtrecht, and belongs properly as a Fee to the Dutchy of Brabant, in the Confines of which it is; but it is under the Ʋnited Provinces. In 1672▪ it was taken by the French, and deserted the next year, after they had dismantled it: The Island in which it stands is about thirteen Miles in length, and lies between the Wael to the North, and the Maes to the South: call'd, by the Dutch, Bommelweert. Some take it for the Insula Batavorum of Cesar.

Bon, Bonna, Ara Ʋbiorum, and Verona, Bonne, is one of the principal Cities of the Bisho▪ rick of Cologne, and the usual Seat of that Elector, upon the Rhine, four German Miles from Cologne. It was first a Roman Colony, called Colonia Julia Bonna, and frequently mention'd in the ancient Historians on that Account: In the middle Ages it became a Free Imperial City; Frederick of Austria was here elected and Crowned in 1314. against Lewis of Bavaria. In 942. here was a Synod held. In 1588. the Duke of Parma took it by Famine. In 1673. the Prince of Orange took it from the French, (who had surprised it the year before) and restored it to the Empire; it has for a long time been exempted from the Empire, and possessed by the Electors of Cologne. Accordingly the Cardinal of Furstemburg, in pursuance of his Election to the Archbishoprick of Cologne, Jul. 19. 1688. took possession of it; whose Pretences, on the one side being justified by the King of France, and on the other being opposed both by the Emperor and the Pope, produc'd the general War that now flames among the European Princes. And though Bonne in this Conjuncture was strongly inforced for its Security with a French Garrison; yet, after about a Months Siege by the Elector of Brandenburg, with the Forces of the Allies under his Command, it was obliged to surrender to them, Octob. 12. 1689. This Town lies in Long. 28. 40. Lat. 50. 42. § Bonne, Hippo, a City of the Province of Constantine in the Kingdom of Tunis in Africa, upon the Mediterranean; famous for it's being an Episcopal See heretofore, in the Person of the Great S. Austin. Hippo was quite destroy'd by the Caliphr in 651. This of Bonne was built near its Ruines, and call'd by the Arabians Beled-el-Ʋgneb; by the Christians Bonne, as being the best and fruitfulest Country in Barbary. The K. of Tunis built it a Castle in the year 1500. Charles V. Emperor destroy'd all its Fortifications in 1535. The Turks have since repaired it, and it is provided with a little Port. §. Also a Town in the Province of Fossigni in the Dukedom of Savoy, upon the Rivulet of Menoy or Monole, 3 or 4 Leagues from Geneva; supposed to be the ancient Banta.

Bonaire, one of the Leeward Islands of America, which has its name from the Goodness of the Air. Taken from the Dutch by the Buccaniers in 1686. in 12 d. of Lat.

Bonconvento, a small Town in the Province of Tuscano in Italy upon the River Ombrone, near Siena. It was here, that the Emperor Henry VII. was poysoned in 1313.

Boncourt, a Village upon the River Eure, in the Diocese of Eureux, in the Province of Normandy in France: Strangely consumed by an unaccountable Wild-fire in the 4 years preceding 1670.

Boni, a Town upon the Loire between Nevers and Orleans; the ancient residence of the Knights of S. Lazarus, an Order now abolished in France and incorporated with that of S. Maurice in Savoy.

Bonifacio, a City in the Island of Corsica, which has a Port belonging to it. Thought to be the Palla of Ptolemy. It is well built and traded; and secured by one of the best Fortresses in Europe. The Streights betwixt the Islands of Corsica and Sardinia receive the Name of le Bocche di Bonifacio from hence; which Geographers conclude to be the same with the Fretum Taphros of Pliny, the Fretum Etruscum of Ptolemy, and the Sinus Sardonius of Eustatius. They are sometimes also called le bocche di Beixonnere.

Bonneval, a Town in the Province of Beauce, upon the Loyre in France, 6 Leagues from Chartres, and 3 from Chasteau dun. Bo•h its Name and Rise is come from a great Abbey of the Benedictines here.

Bonneville, Bonopolis, the Capital Town of the Province of Fossigni in Savoy; about 5 Leagues from Annecy and Geneva, upon the River Arve, at the Foot of the Mountains; and at present but little considerable.

Bononia, in Italian Bologna, is a City of Romandiola in Italy, an Archbishop's See erected by Pope Gregory XIII. a Bolognese of the Family of BonCompagno, who in 1582. brought also the University here into great Fame. It has been under the Popes ever since Julius II. who extorted it from the Bentivolio's; it is beautiful and a populous City and thought one of the principal Cities of Italy; the second at least in the States of the Church: 25 Miles from Ferrara towards the South, at the Foot of the Apennine Mountains, near the little River Reno: extraordinarily full of Gentry. It was heretofore a Roman Colony, till it submitted to the Lombards in the 8th Century. And being afterwards a Republick, it maintained a War 3 years with the Republick of Venice; and another with the Emperor Frederick II. whose Natural Son Euzelin became its Prisoner. Honoriuus II. Lucius II. Gregory XIII. Innocent IX and Gregory XV. were all born here, and Alexander V. died here. Lewis the Son of Lotharius, deprived this City of its Walls in 844. They chose the Bentivolio's for their Princes in 1308. who were conquer'd by John Galeacio in 1308. Here was a Council held in 1310. In 1529. The Emperor Charles V. was Crown'd in the most Noble Church of S. Petronio here by Pope Clement VII. And the Council of Trent was removed hither in 1547. holding their 9th. and 10th. Sessions under Pope Paul III. It lies in Long. 33. 35. Lat. 44. 15. About 6 Miles in Compass, and indifferently well fortified. Governed under the Pope by a Legate a Latere, with the privilege of keeping an Embassadour for its Service at Rome, where it is treated more like a Sister than a Subject. The University carries the greatest Name of any now in Europe for the Canon and Civil Laws; whence, Bononia docet, they say to a Proverb. The Streets are furnished with arched Galleries, for Preservation against Heat, in the Nature somewhat of the Rows at Chester. The Body of S. Dominique Founder of the Dominican Order lies interr'd in a stately Convent of that Order here. The Metropolitan Church of S. Peters is built according to the same Plat with that of S. Peters at Rome. An Academy of the Otiosi is erected in this City: And for the learned Authors produc'd by the University, see the Bibliotheca of Joh. Antonius Bumaldi. The adjacent Country has the Name of the Bolognese from hence. See Bolognese.

Boot, an Island of Scotland in the Streights betwixt the Isle of Arran and the Province of Argyle.

Bopart, Bopartium, Bodobriga, a Town in the Archbishoprick of Treves upon the Rhine in Germany, betwixt Coblentz and S. Goar.

Boquerano, a litte Island of Asia in the Indian Ocean about 8 Leagues from Borneo.

Borcholm, a Fortress in the Island of Oeland near Gothia in the Baltick Sea, not above two Miles from Calmar East, in Lat. 56. 50. and Long. 34. 17.

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Borcholt, a small Town upon the River Aa in the Province of Westphalia in Germany, under the Bishop of Munster.

Bordelong, Bordelona, a Town beyond the Ganges belonging to the Kingdom of Siam. It has a Port upon the Gulph of Siam, betwixt Lingor and Singora.

Borgo, a Town in the Province of Finland in the Kingdom of Sweden, upon the Gulph of Finland, betwixt Vibourg and Revel.

Borgo S. Donnino, a City in the Dutchy of Parma in Italy, with a Bishops See erected by Pope Clement VIII. and placed under the Archbishop of Bologna by Pope Paul V. Heretofore call'd Fidentia and Julia. Its ancient Abbey was destroyed by the Emperor Frederick II.

Borgosan Sepulchro, Biturgia, a City in the States of the Great Duke of Tuscany in Italy, with an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Florence. Some Synodical Constitutions were made here in 1641.

Borgo di Sessia, a Town properly in the Milanese in Italy, but belonging to the States of the Duke of Savoy, upon the River Sessia from whence it receives this Name.

Borgo-Ual-Di-Taro, a Town and Fortress in the States of the Duke of Parma in Italy, upon the Borders of the States of Genoua.

Boria, Belsinum, a City of the Kingdom of Arragon in Spain, 11 Miles from Zaragosa to the East.

Boriquen, one of the greatest Leeward Islands upon the Western Coast of America; betwixt S. Croix and Porto rico, under the Spaniards. The Natives of this Island in the beginning believed the Spaniards were Immortal, till one Salsedo they saw happened to be drowned in the River of Guarabo.

Borysthenes. See Nieper.

Bormes, Bormanico, a Town and Barony in Provence in France, betwixt Thoulon and S. Tropes, near the Sea.

Bormia, a River within the States of the Republick of Genoua in Italy; formed by 2 Rivulets of this Name, that rise in Piedmont and unite at Sessana. Thence Bormia passes by Acqui, receives some other small Rivers, and is received itself by the Tanaro near Alexandria della Paglia.

Bormio, the Italian Name for Worms in Germany. See Worms. § Also a small Town and County in the Country of the Grisons upon the River Adda near the Valteline.

Borneo, one of the greatest Islands in the East-Indies; between Sumatra to the West, Java to the South, Celebes to the East, and the Philippine Islands to the North. It is of a round shape, and the Line cuts the Southern part of it. Reported to be 1800 Miles in Compass, and to contain several Kingdoms; but the truth is the Eastern parts of this Island were never well discovered by the Europeans yet. Borneo the principal City, lies on the North-Western Shoar in a Bay. It is a rich, populous place, well Traded, built in a low ground, not much unlike Venice, and has belonging to it a capacious Haven.

Bornheim, a Territory and its Capital Town with a Castle in the Earldom of Flanders: being a part of the demeans properly belonging to the said Earldom.

Bornholm, Boringia, an Island in the Baltick Sea, taken by the Swedes in 1644. from the Danes, and afterwards ceded to them in 1658. by the Treaty of Roschill; but restored again in consideration of an Equivalent of Royal Demeans in Schonen. This Island affords excellent Pasturage and Cattle. It lies towards the furthest parts of Bleking, and has a goodly Town called Nex, and a Castle named Sandhamer.

Borno, a Kingdom, a Town, a Desart, and a Lake in the Division of Nigritia in Africa, being the Country of the antient Garamantes. The Kingdom stands bounded with Nubia to the East, Berdoa and Gaoga to the North, Gangara to the West, and the Niger to the South.

Bosa, Bosi, Bossa, an antient City in the Island of Sardinia, with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Sassari, betwixt Oristagni to the South and Sassari to the North.

Boscasle, a Market-Town in Cornwal in the Hundred of Lesnewth, which Elects 2 Members of Parliament.

Boscobell, a Name deservedly given to the Royal Oak which served as an Asylum to King Charles II. for some days after the Battle of Worcester in Sep. 1651. about 4 Miles from VVolverhampton in Staffordshire.

Bosleduc, Boscum Ducis, now called by the French Bolduc, and by the Flandrians S. Shertogenbosch, a City in the Dukedom of Brabant, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mechlen, seated upon the River Disa, Dios, which a little farther to the North falls into the Maze. It is a large new City, environed with Rivers and Marshes, very well fortified, and only one League from the Maze: taken by the Dutch in 1629. who are still possessed of it. Geofry Duke of Brabant made a Town of it out of a Wood, in the year expressed in this Chronogram,

GodefrIdƲs dƲX e sILVa feCIt oppIdƲM. The See was founded by Pope Paul IV. in 1559. And the Country called the Mayorality of Bosleduc, containing above 100 Villages, has this City for its Capital.

Bosnia, called by the French Bossen, by the Germans Wossen, is a Province of Europe, bounded on the North by Sclavonia, on the West by Croatia, on the East by Servia, and on the South by Dalmatia; it takes its name from the River Bosna, which riseth in Servia, thence entering Bosnia, waters Bosna-Sarai and falls into the Save. It had Kings of its own from 1357. till 1465. having been before a part of the Kingdom of Hungary. The Turks under Mahomet II. Conquered it in 1465. and are still possessed of a great part of it. The same Mahomet caused Stephen the last King of Bosnia to be flea'd alive.

Bosphorus Cimmerius, that famous Streight or passage at which the Euxine Sea communicates with the Paulus Maeotis or the Sea of Tana. They now call it the Streights of Caffa and Kerci from two Towns in the Peninsula of Taurica Chersonesus which are situated upon the Banks of it. Heretofore there was a Town called Bosphorus in those parts, which gave Name both to the Streights and to the antient People the Bosphori mentioned by Pliny, Strabo, &c. It afterwards changed its name to Panticapaeum, which some believe to be the same with the modern Vospero, a late Bishops See under the Patriarch of Constantinople. § Bosphorus Thracius, otherwise known by the Name of the Canal of the Black Sea and the Streights of Constantinople, is so narrow a passage betwixt Thrace and Asia Minor, that in some Streets at Constantinople they can hear the Cocks crowing upon the Shoars of Asia. Upon this Bosphorus stands Gallipoli, the Dardanells, and the Seven Towers where Prisoners of State are secured. It is now called Bogazin.

Bosra, or Bostra. See Bussereth. § Strabo speaks of another Bosra in Phaenicia.

Bossu, a Town in Hainault near Valencienne, dignified with the Title of an Earldom.

Boston, a Corporation in Lincolnshire, seated on both sides of the River Witham, which is covered by a

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Timber Bridge; the Town stands within 3 Miles of the Sea, and has a very convenient Haven, which in Mr. Camden's time was well Traded; it sends 2 Burgesses to the Parliament. § Also a place in New-England of the same name; well built and peopled. It is indeed the Capital Town of that Plantation.

Bosworth, an antient Market-Town in Leicestershire, upon the River Sence, which a little farther falls into the Anker at Atherston. Near this place Henry Earl of Richmond, Aug. 22. 1485. overthrew in Battle Richard III. and put an end to those long and bloody Wars between the Houses of Lancaster and York. And March 12. 1686. King James II. did this Town the honor to constitute Mr. James Fitz-James his Natural Son, amongst many other great Honors, Baron of Bosworth.

Bothnia, a Province of Sweden upon the Baltick Sea, which gives Name to the Botner Sea or that Branch of the Baltick which lies most West; between which and Lapland this Province lies. Torn is its Capital City.

Bova, a City in the further Calabria in the Kingdom of Naples, with an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Reggio, near the Ocean; betwixt the Cape de Spartivento and Reggio.

Bouchain, Bochonium, Buceinium, a small but strong Town, well fortified, in the Province of Hainault in the Low-Countries upon the River Escaut betwixt Valenciennes and Cambray. It is the Capital of the County of Ostervand, which formerly belong'd mmediately to the eldest Sons of the Earls of Hainault. Taken by the French in 1676. and ever since by them retained.

Boufflers, a Territory contained in the Diocese of Amiens in Picardy in France, upon the River Authie: Remarkable for giving Name to an Ancient and Eminent Family in that Province.

Bouhin, an Island of France between the Coasts of the Provinces of Poictou and Bretaigne, below the Mouth of the Loyre. §. Also a Town in the County of Foretz in the same Kingdom near the River Lignon, which is one of the best Places in Foretz.

Bovines, Boviniacum, a small Town upon the River Maze, in the County of Namur; made famous by a bloody Battle given here by Philip the August, King of France, to Ferdinand Earl of Flanders, who was here taken Prisoner in the Year 1214: Whereupon Philip founded the Abbey of our Lady de la Victoire near Senlis in Commemoration of his Victory. This Town lies 4 Leagues from Namur to the South.

Bovino, Bovinum, is a small City in the Kingdom of Naples in the Capitanata, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Benevento; it stands at the foot of the Apennine near the River Cervaro, six Leagues from Troja to the South, and twelve from Ariano to the South-East.

Bouillon, Bullonium, a small Town and Castle in the Bishoprick of Liege, four Leagues from Masiers to the North, and ten from Namur. The Capital of an ancient Dukedom, which lies between the Dukedom of Luxemburg to the West, and Champagne to the South. This Dukedom was mortgaged to Otb•rt Bishop of Liege, in 1096, by Godfery then Duke of it, after the famous King of Jerusalem; and ever since the Bishops of this Diocese have claim'd a Right to it. But by the Treaty of Nimeguen in 1679, it was agreed, that the Dukes of Bovillon, who are in possession of it, should peaceably enjoy the same; all Differences being referred to honorary Arbitrators; and that the Bishops should in the mean time use no Force against the said Dukes; and so it remains to this day in their Possession.

Boulogne. See Bologne, Bolognese, and Bononia.

Bourbone, Borbonium, a small City of France, the Capital of the Dukedom of Bourbone; bounded on the North with the Province of Niverne, on the East by the Dukedom of Burgundy, on the West with the Province of Berry and Marche, and on the South with Auvergne. The River Allier (Ellaver) cuts this Dukedom into two Parts; and it lies in length from the North-East to the South-West twenty eight Leagues between the Rivers of Loire and Cher. Robert, the fourth Son of Lewis the Ninth King of France, had this Dutchy in Marriage with Agnes of Bourbone, whose descendent after 300 years in the Person of Henry IV. came to the Crown of France in 1590, and his Grandchild Lewis XIV. now enjoys that Throne. The principal City call'd Bourbonne l' Archambault lies 4 Leagues from Moulins, 56 from Paris to the South▪ near the River Allier. This City was erected from a Barony into a Dukedom, by Charles le bel in 1327. And its Castle is reputed a place of great Strength. §. The Island of Bourbon, otherwise call'd Mascarenhi, is an Island under the French ever since the Portugueze lost it to them; in the Aethiopick Ocean to the East of Madagascar, about 25 Leagues in Length and 14 in Breadth. They say there is a Volcano in some part of it; the rest is very fruitful.

Bourbon l' Ancy, a Town and Castle in the Province of Burgogne in France, 7 Leagues from Moulins, and one quarter of a League from the Loyre. It is much in Esteem for Mineral Waters, which are here covered with a Noble Structure of the Ancient Roman Work. This Town was never taken in the Civil Wars. It gives Name to a Territory in the Diocese of Autun, that is parted from the Province of Bourbonnois by the River Loyre.

Boyne, Bouinda, a River in the Province of Leinster in Ireland, which runs hard by Drogheda. where K. James II. and his Army, being about 25000 men encamped on the South side of this River, received the Defeat of Jul. 1. 1690. by K. William in Person: The Duke of Schomberg was killed in the Action.

Burbourg, Burburgus, a Town in the East of Flanders, not above one Mile from Graveling, which was taken by the French in 1657. and has remained ever since in their Hands.

Bourdeaux, [Burdegala,] the Capital of the Province of Guienne, and an Archbishops See; the Seat of one of the Parliaments of France; rich, well built, and populous. It has a noble Haven at the Mouth of the River Garonne, much frequented by the Dutch and English, and all other Northern Nations for Wine, Salt, &c. So that this City is deservedly accounted one of the best in France. It is also built in a very fruitful Soil, and rarely improved by Art and Industry. It gave Birth to Ausonius the Poet, and to Richard II. King of England. It has also a very strong Castle call'd le Chateau Trompette: And was an University in the times of the Romans, which Honor has been reconferred upon it by Charles VII. Eugenius IV. and Lewis XI. since which times it has produced many very learned Men▪ First built by the Galls, improved by the Romans, made the Capital of a Kingdom by the Goths. It fell into the hands of lesser Lords, with the Title of Counts or Earls, after the times of Charles the Great: United with the Dukedom of Guienne in the times of Charles the Bald. Alenora the Daughter and Heir of Lewis VII. of that House, being married first to the King of France, and after to Henry I. of England; this Dukedom was annexed to the Crown of England, and continued so till wrested from them by Charles VII. of France, in the Reign of Henry VI. The French had indeed usurped it before upon King John; but the English were not without hope▪

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of recovering it till this last mentioned time▪ It has given some disturbances to the Reigns of Lewis IX. and XIV. but is now finally brought under, having in 1650. been reduced by force of Arms, and a Siege. There has been many National Councils held here, and some Provincial Synods; it stands about 12 Leagues from the shoars of the Ocean upon the South side of the Garonne, in the most Southern Part of France, in Long▪ 20. 10. and Lat. 44. 50. The antient Inhabitants, by Pliny and Strabo have the Title given them of Bituriges Vivisci, to distinguish them from those of Bourges called Bituriges Cubi.

Borganeuf, a Town in the Province of la Marche in France, upon the little River Taurion; three Leagues from S. Leonard and 5 from Limoges. Some are pleased to include it in Poictou.

Bourgen Bresse, Forum Sebusianorum, Tamnum, Burgus, a City in the County of Bresse in France, upon the River Resousse, 5 Leagues distant from Mascon to the East, and 9 from Lyons to the North: It has been under the Crown of France ever since 1601, when this whole County which before pertained to the Dukedom of Snvoy, was taken in. It had a strong Citadel erected in 1569, which was demolished in 1611. The City is seated in Marshes, and called by some, by mistake, Tanus; adorned with a Bishops See by Pope Leo X in 1521. but this See was suppressed again by Pope Paul III.

Bourg sur Mer, a Town in Guienne, built upon the mouth of the Dordogne [Duranium] where it unites with the Garone, which heretofore was well fortified; it stands 5 Leagues from Bourdeaux to the North.

Le Bourg de Viviers, or the Bourg de S. Andeol, Burgus S. Andeoli; is the most populous Town in the County of Viviers, seated in a Plain upon the River Rhosne, 25 Leagues lower than Lions; antiently called de Gentibus. Here S. Andeolus a Sub-deacon suffered Martyrdom, under Severus the Emperor and from him the Town has its name, as appears by the Registers of this Church.

Bourges, Bituricae, Biturix, Biturgium & Avaricum; is a very great City, and an Archbishops See, the Head of the Dukedom of Berry; seated as it were in the centre of France upon the River Eure, which falls into the Seine above Roan, and naturally a strong Place. It has a noble Cathedral, and an University, famous for the Canon and Civil Laws. The Archbishops enjoyed the Title of Primates of Aquitain from the IX. Century to the time of Pope Clement V. who having been Archbishop of Bourdeaux transferred the Primacy from Bourges thither. Several Councils and Synods have been held here; particularly in 1438. one under Charles VII. recognized the famous Council of Basil, and the Pragmatique Sanction, which continued thence in force, till suppressed by the Concordate betwixt Pope Leo X. and Francis▪ I. in the year 1516. It is 7 Leagues from la Charite to the West, 22 from Orleans to the North. Lewis XI. King of France was born here.

Bourgogne, or Burgundy, Burgundia, a very large Province in France, divided into 2 parts, the one of which is called the Dukedom, and the other the County of Burgundy. The Dukedom of Burgundy hath on the East the Franche County, and Savoy; on the West Bourbonnois, on the North Champagne, and on the South la Bresse, Lionois, and some part of Baujolois. A Country not fruitful in any thing but Wines and fine Rivers. This Dukedom was seized by Lewis II. upon pretence of want of Heirs Males, upon the Slaughter of Charles the Hardy by the Switzers, in 1467 and ever since it has been in the possession of the Crown of France. The County of Burgundy hath on the East the Mountain Jour▪ which parts it from Switzerland; on the West the Dutch▪ of Burgundy; from which it is divided by the S•a•ne on the North, and a Branch of the Mountain Vauge, which divideth it from la Bresse: it is reckoned to be 90 Miles in length, and about 60 in breadth: for the most part Mountainous, but fruitful of Wines▪ and intermixed with pleasant Valleys. The principal City of it is Besanson. The old Inhabitants were the Sequani, a potent Nation▪ In 1674 this County was taken from the Spaniards by the present King of France; and by the Treaty of Nimeguen confirmed to him. See Franche Comtè.

Bourgouin, a small Town in the County of Vi•nnois in the Province of Dauphine in France. A dependent formerly of the Barony of Tour du Pin, and famous for driving a Trade of Hemp.

Bourn, a Market-Town in Lincolnshire in the Hundred of Aveland, upon a Spring called B•rn•••head. King Edmund was Crowned here. It also shows the Ruins of a good Castle.

Bouro, an Island of Asia (by some placed among the Moluccaes) in the Indian Ocean, near the Islands of Cambello and Manipe: under the King of Ternate.

Bouron, Bistonia, a Town in the Province of Romania in the Morea near the Archipelago, with a Lake of the same Appellation, on this side the Mountain Argentaro. This place has sometime been the Seat of a Bishop and is often mentioned by our antient Historians.

Boutan, a Kingdom in the Terra firma of the Indies or according to others in the Great Tartary, towards the Empire of the Grand Mogul, and believed to be the same with Barantola.

Boutonne, V••tonna, a River in France, arising in Poictou; and flowing through Saintonge, (where it divides the Town of S. Jean d' Angel•,) it ends in the River Charente, which conveys it into the Ocean 2 Leagues from Brouage to the North▪ right over against the Island of Oleron.

Bowe, a Market-Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of New Tauton.

Bozagar, Exopolis, a City of Tartary in Asia, a little more East than the Outlets of the River Tanais.

Bozolo, a Principality belonging to the Duke of Mantua, with a small Town betwixt Mantua and Cremona.

Brabant, Brabantia, Ambavariti populi, is one of the most considerable Provinces of the Spanish Netherlands; bounded on the East with Luyekland, or the Bishoprick of Liege; on the West with the River Scheld, and a part of Flanders; on the North with the Maze, which parts it from Holland and Guelderland; and on the South with Hainault, Namur, and a part of L•yckland. This Country is generally fruitful, and the Air good, 22 German Miles long, and 20 broad; and in these narrow Limits it had 26 walled Towns and Cities. Governed by Dukes of its own, from the year 1004, till the year 1430, when it fell to Philip II. Duke of Burgundy; by whose Grandchild, Margaret, (married to Maximilian Emperor of Germany,) it fell to Charles V. King of Spain, and in that House it remains to this day.

Bracciano, Arcennum, Bracennum, Brygianum, Sabata, a City of Italy, in the Dominions of the Church, upon the Lake of Sabato; honored with the Title of a Dukedom; now in the possession of the antient Family of the Ʋrsini. It is a small, but fine City, about 20 Miles from Rome to the West.

Brachmanes, Bramins or Bramans, a famous Sect of Philosophers amongst the Indians, consulted by the greatest Wits of Greece; its thought Pythagoras received his Doctrine of the Transmigration of Souls amongst them. They professed the study

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of Nature and Astronomy and Morality; and placed their Happiness in the Contempt of Wealth. The Bramans, who are the Priests of the modern Banjans, inherit their Esteem with the People: For they teach their Schools, live austerely, are considered as Oracles in the Affairs of Religion; and as to the Pointof a Metampsyhosis, they are equally Pythagoreans with their Ancestors.

Brackley, a Market-Town in Nottinghamshire in the Hundred of Sutton, which returns 2 Members to the Parliament. It stands near the Spring of the River Ouse, and formerly had a College, which is since become a School.

Braclaw, Braclavia, a Town in the Province of Podolia in the Kingdom of Poland upon the River Bug, and towards the Confines of Volhinia. It is also written Bratzlaw.

Bradano, Brada, a River in the Basilicata, in the Kingdom of Naples, which ariseth from the Apennine, and falls into the Gulph of Tarento, eighteen Miles from Tarento to the West.

Bradfield Magna, a Market-Town in Essex in the Hundred of Freshwell.

Bradford, a Market-Town in Wiltshire. The Capital of its Hundred, upon the Avon.

Bradforth, a Market-Town in the West-Riding of Yorkshire in the Hundred of Morley near the fall of a small Stream into the Are.

Brading, a Market-Town in the Isle of Wight, in the Hundred of E. Medine.

Bradninch, a Market-Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of Heyrudge.

Braga, Augusta Bracarum, Bracara, Braecara, a City and Archbishoprick of Portugal, call'd Bragues by the French, in the Province of Antredoureo Minho; it stands upon the South Side of the River Morillo, four Leagues from the Ocean, eight Miles from Porto to the North, and almost fifty from Lisbon to the same quarter. The Archbishop of this City pretends, no less than the Archbishop of Toledo, to the Primacy of all Spain. This was the Seat of the Kings of the Sueves for an hundred and seventy Years, and is now of great Circumference, but not equally populous.

Braganza, Bragantia, Caeliobrigia, Tuntebriga, a City in the Kingdom of Portugal, which is honored with the Title of a Dukedom: It lies in the Confines of the Kingdom of Leon and Portugal, in the Province of Sera de Rebodaos; 7 Miles from Miranda to the North, and 25 from Braga to the East. John Duke of Braganza sirnamed the Fortunate being descended from the Kings of Portugal, in 1640, recovered that Kingdom out of the Hands of the Spaniards, and his Son now enjoys it.

Braintry, a Market-Town in Essex in the hundred of Hinckford.

Brampour, a large Town in the Province of Candis in the Empire of the Grand Mogul; and the second Government of Quality in that Empire. Adorn'd with a magnificent Castle, where the Governor of the Province resides. It is a place also of extraordinary Trade.

Brampton, a Market-Town in Cumberland in Eskdale Ward.

Brandenburg, Brandeburgum, Brennoburgum, is a very ancient City in the Upper Saxony in Germany: It stands in the middle March upon the North side of the River Havel, which falls into the Albis. This is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Meydburg: the See was erected by Otho the Great, Emperor of Germany, in 946. The City embrac'd the Augustane Confession in 1563. It lies in Long. 35. 00. and Lat. 52. 39. The Marquisate of Brandenburg is bounded on the East by the Kingdom of Poland, on the West with the Dukedom of Saxony, on the North with Pomerania, and part of Mecklenburg, and on the South with Misnia, Lusatia, and Silesia: In Length from East to West sixty German Miles, and of a proportionable Breadth: In it there are fifty five Cities and Wall'd Towns; the chief of which are Brandenburg and Berlin. But it is neither very populous, nor very fruitful, except in Corn. The Prince is a Calvinist, and his Subjects Lutherans. He is one of the Electors, created in 1415. by Sigismund the Emperor. § Brandenburg Brunsberg; see Brunsberg. § Brandenburg Island, or the Island of Vulcan, Insula Vulcani, so called because it sometimes burns and vomits Fire like Aetna, is an Island in the Indian Ocean, towards the Eastern Coast of New-Guiney.

Brandon, a Market-Town in the County of Suffolk, upon the lesser Ouse, 5 Miles West of Thetford, and ten North of Bury. Charles Gorard Earl of Macclesfield in Cheshire was created Viscount of this Place, July 23. 1679. by Charles II.

Brantosme, Brantosma, an Abbey and Town in the County of Perigord in France, upon the River Droune, which there receives the Colle. Supposed to be founded by Charles M.

Braskow, Brascovia, a City and Bishops See in the Province of VValachia in the Kingdom of Hungary, towards the Frontiers of Moldavia and Transilvania.

Brasil, Brasilia, is a vast Country of the Southern America, bounded on the East with the Atlantick Ocean; on the West with some undiscovered Countries lying between it and the Andes; on the North with Guiana, and on the South with Paraguay. It reaches from 29. to 39 Deg. of Southern Latitude, and it is 500 Miles in Breadth; under the Dominion of the Portugueses, ever since the Year 1503. though the Spaniards claim it.

Brassaw, a Town in the Province of Lithuania in the Kingdom of Poland, with a good Castle: It stands below the River Wilna towards the Frontiers of Curland and Livonia. It is the Capital of a Palatinate.

Brassaw, the same with Cronstat.

Brava, a City upon the Coast of Ajan in Africa; well built and fortified: Govern'd by the Laws of 12 Xeques or (Princes) in the Nature of a Republick, being the only Government of that sort in this Quarter of the World. The Xeques are elected out of the Descendents of the 9 Brothers, who fled hither out of Arabia Felix, from the Persecution of the King of Lacah.

Bray sur Seine, a small Town in the Province of Champagne in France, betwixt Nogent and Montereau fant-Yonne: remark'd with the Title of a Dukedom. §. Bray sur Somme, a Town in Picardy in France betwixt Perone and Amiens. Bought of the Chatelain of Ponthieu, by Philip the August, in 1210.

Brayne, a Town in Champagne in France, upon the River Vesle, betwixt Soisons and Fisines. Some pretend it is the Bibrax of Cesar.

Brazza, Labraza, or Baac, Brattia, is an Island of the Adriatick Sea, upon the Coast of Dalmatia, under the Venetians. It is near the Island of Lesina, and takes its Name from a Town that stands in it.

Brechin, a City in the County of Angus in Scotland; adorn'd with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of S. Andrews. About 5 or 6 Leagues from the Ocean. In Latin called Brechinium. §. Also a Town and Fortress in the Kingdom of Bohemia in Germany, upon the River Laucntz, near Tabor.

Brecknock, Brechinia, is one of the twelve Shires in the Principality of Wales: On the East it is bounded with Herefordshire, on the South with Monmouth and Glamorganshire; on the West with Caermarthenshire, and on the North with Radnorshire. The chief Town is Brecknock, seated upon the North side of the Ʋsk, where the River Honthy or Hodney from

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the North, and two other small Brooks from the South augment its Streams. It stands twelve Miles West of Abergevenny; and elects one Member of Parliament. This County is thick set with high Mountains, but fruitful Valleys lie between them. Bernard Newmarch, who conquered this small Shire, built at Brecknock a Castle, which the Bohuns afterwards repaired. The most Loyal and Noble James Butler, Duke of Ormond, was created Earl of Brecknock, July 20. 1660. by Charles II.

Breda, [Breda,] a City in the United Provinces in the Dukedom of Brabant, upon the River Merca, Merck, under the Prince of Orange. A little, but a strong Place, and the Capital of a small Barony; taken from the Hollanders by the Marquess of Spinola in 1625. after a Siege of 10 Months: taken from the Spaniards in 1637. and though it has been twice besieged by them, yet they never could retake it. At this place K. Charles II. continued some time in 1660. and receiv'd the welcome News of his Restitution. And in 1667. after a bloody War of three Years continuance, here was a Peace concluded between the English and Dutch. It lies eight Leagues from Antwerp to the North.

Brederode, a Castle near Harlem in Holland, giving its Name to an antient Family.

Bregentz, a Town in the Circle of Schwaben in Germany upon a River so named. It sustains the Title of an Earldom.

Brefort, Bredefort, or Bredervoerde, a Town in the County of Zutphen in Guelderland, in a marshy Place, strengthned with a Castle, near a Canal which joyns the Issel, two Leagues from Grol and Aanholt. The Prince of Orange took it by Storm in 1597.

Brema, a City and Kingdom beyond the Ganges in the East-Indies towards the States of Pegu. It is a rich Country and makes a puissant Prince, who resides either at Brema or Carpa.

Brembo, a River in the Bergamasco in Italy, giving Name to the Valley of Brembo. It springs about the Frontiers of the Valtoline, and embraces the Adda a little below Bergamo.

Bremefurde, a Town in the Dutchy of Bremen in the lower Circle of Saxony. The ordinary Residence of the Governor of that Dutchy under the King of Sweden.

Bremen, Brema, is a very potent City in the lower Circle of Saxony in Germany; made more renowned by an Archbishops See, instead of Hamburg. It stands upon the River Wiser, [Visurgis;] a Free Town, and under no Prince; with a small Territory about it, call'd Stift van Bremen. Tho the Swedes have many Pretences upon this Place, on the Account of the Dukedom of Bremen, yet they still maintain their Freedom. The Archbishops have embraced the Augustane Confession ever since 1585. This City was declar'd an Imperial Free City by Ferdinando III. Anno 1646. It stands 12 German Miles from Hamburg to the South-West. In Long. 40. 17. and Lat. 53. 25. First Wall'd in 1309. The Archbishop never had any Sovereignty here. This Town was besieged by the Swedes in 1666. forty six Days, and at last rescu'd by the Interposition of the German Princes. The Dukedom of Bremen, which belonged heretofore to the Archbishop, was in 1648. yielded to the Swedes. It has the River Albis or the Elb, to the North, the Weser to the South, the Dukedom of Lunenburg to the East, and on the West the Dukedom of Oldenburg.

Bremgarten, Bremocartum, a Bailywick in Switzerland, belonging to eight of the antient Cantons. Bullinger the Apocalyptick Minister was born here.

Brene, or Breine-Aleu, a small Town in Brabant in the Low-Countries, with a Castle; 2 or 3 Leagues from Brussels.

Brene-le-Comte, a little Town in Hainault near Mons.

Brene sur le Vesle. See Brayne. §. Also a District within the Province of Touraine in France in the Diocese of Bourges. Gregory of Tours was accused in a Council here in 581. or 83. for saying, that Queen Fredegonde had secret commerce with the Archbishop of Bourdeaux: but he was acquitted.

Brenta, Brentesia, a River in the Dominion of the States of Venice in Italy.

Brent, a Market-Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of Stanborough.

Brentford the New, a Market-Town in Middle-sex in the Hundred of Elthorn, so called from the River Brent, which falls into the Thames betwixt Henden and Hampsted Hills. King Edgar assembled a Council here in 960. In 1016. King Edmund Ironfide obtained a Victory over the Danes at this Place, which obliged them to raise the Siege of London. And 1644. It was advanc'd to the Honour of an Earldom in the Person of Patrick Ruthen Earl of Forth in Scotland, by King Charles I.

Brescia, Brixia, call'd by the French Bresse, by the Spaniards Brexa, is a City in the Venetian Territories in Italy, which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Milan, aggrandized with the Title of a Duke, Marquess, and Earl. The Capital of the County of Bresciano, a large well fortified Place, and has a very strong Castle upon a near Hill. It lies between the Rivers of Gorza and Mela, in a Plain 15 Miles from the Lake of Benaco to the West, and 50 from Milan to the South-East; built by the Senones, and was once under the Dukes of Milan, before it sell into the hands of the Venetians. The County of Brescio has Verona to the East, Bergamo to the West, Cremona to the South, and the Valtoline and the County of Tirol to the North. It is a great and fruitful Country.

Breslaw, Budorgis, Ʋratislavia Budorigum, call'd by the Poles wroclaw, is the Capital City of Silesia, and of the Dukedom of Breslaw. A Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Gnisen in Poland; great and well built, and once a Free and Imperial City; but it was afterwards exempted from the Empire, and is now a kind of Free-State: It stands on the River Oder, towards the Confines of Poland. Made a Bishop's See in 1033. About the Year 1000. it was built by Miceslaus, Duke of Poland; the Cathedral Church was built by Casimirus King of Poland, in 1041. Near this place Boleslaus King of Poland was overthrown by Henry V. and forc'd to take an Oath of Allegiance. This City lies 35 Miles from Cracow, and 40 from Berlin.

Bresle, a small River near Calais in France.

Bresne, a small River near Tours in France.

Bresse, Bressia, Sebusiani Populi, is a Province of France, bounded on the East by Savoy on the West, with Lionois, on the North with Charolois in the Dutchy of Burgundy and some part of the Franche County, and on the South with Dauphine. It is a pleasant and fruitful Country, and lies between the Soasne and the Rhone. Bèllay and Bourg are its chief Towns. It belong'd from the Year 1285. to the Dukes of Savoy, till 1600. when it was surrendred to Henry IV. of France, in lieu of Saluzzes, a Marquisate in Italy.

Brest, Brivates, a very good Sea-Port in the Dukedom of Bretagne in France, which as Scaliger saith, was call'd Gesocribate by Ptolomy. It lies on the most Western Coast of Bretagne, about 50 Leagues from Nantes to the North-West. This is the Magazine of the Admiralty of France; situated upon the Ascent of a Hill, and secured with New and Noble Fortifications both to the Sea and Land. The Sea enters into the Gulph

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of Brest by 4 Ways, and the Vessels there are always afloat. §. Also a Town in the Province of Cujavia in the Kingdom of Poland with a Castle well built in a Marshy Place near Vlaldislaw and the Vistula. Here, in the Years 1595. and 1620. two Councils were assembled for the Union of the Greek Church of Lithuania with the Latin. §. The same Name is given to a French Colony in New-France in America.

Brescici, Bressicia, call'd by the French Briescio, is a small City in Lithuania, the Capital of a Palatinate of the same Name: It lies between Lithuania, Russia, and Polachia, upon the Bug; and has a tolerable good Castle.

Bresuire, a small City in France, in Poictou; 3 Leagues from Parthenay, and as many from Thuray.

Bretagne, Armorica, Britannia Minor, is a Province of France, 70 Leagues long, and betwixt 35 and 40 broad; containing 9 Bishopricks who are all Suffragans to the Archbishop of Tours. In three of these, that is, Cornouaille, S. Paul de Leon, and Figuier, the Inhabitants entirely speak Briton, a Language the same in abundance of words with the Welsh: in the other three (to wit) Nantes, Vennes, and S. Brieux, they speak Briton and French mix'd; yet the most ordinary Sort, only Briton: in the rest, they speak all French. It is bounded on the East with Normandy, and the County of Maine; on all other sides with the English Seas; upon the South side it has the Loire, which divides it from Anjou; but yet the County of Raiz, which belongs to Bretagne; lies on the South side of that River, between it and Poictou. The Britains were first brought hither from England by Maximus, in 389. To which a great Accession was made by the driving out the Britains by the Saxons. They erected a Kingdom here in 485. (I suppose after the coming of the second Saxon Colonies) which lasted till 874. when a lesser Title was taken up with the same Power; which continued till 1498. under 28 Dukes; when Lewis XII. married Anne the Daughter of Francis II. the last Duke of Bretagne, who, in 1484. had been married to Charles VIII, K. of France before. Francis I. of France, succeeded in the Right of Claude his Wife; whose Issue failing, the Right fell to the Duke of Savoy, but the French kept the Possession. §. New Bretagne, a Province of New-France in America, upon the Gulph of S. Lawrence: Its Settlements are call'd Brest, Belle Isle, &c.

Brewood, a Market-Town in Staffordshire, in the Hundred of Cudleston. The Bishops of this Diocese had their Palace here before the Conquest.

Bretevil, a Town in High Normandy in France upon the River Iton.

Brianzon, a City in the Dalphinate, supposed to be one of the highest in the World. It is the Capital of the Bailywick of Brainzonnois; in Ptolomy call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, in Antoninus Brigantium, in Am. Marcellinus Virgantia. The Dure and the Ance (the two Sources of the Durance) unite below it. The Castle stands upon the top of a Rock, and is very strong. Yet taken from the Leaguers by the Duke de Lesdiguieres in 1590. §. Likewise a Village in Provence, in the Diocese of Glandeves, where they find Numbers of Medals with Inscriptions. §. And a Castle in the Territory of Tarantaise in Savoy, upon the River Isere; about 1 League below Moutiers; with a Village of the same Name. These two last mentioned Brianzon's are also call'd in Diminution Brianzonnet.

Briare, a Town in the Dutchy of Orleans, upon the River Loire, where the Channel is cut for the Communication of the Loire and the River Seine. In 1652. a Battle was fought here betwixt the Army of the King of France, and that of the Princes. The New Channel takes the same Name: in Latin, Brivodurum, and Breviodurus.

Bricquia, a Province in the lesser Asia, formerly called Licia.

Bridgend, a Market-Town in Glamorganshire in Wales, in the Hundred of New-Castle.

Bridge-North, a Market-Town in Shropshire in the Hundred of Stottesdon upon the Severn. Heretofore fortified; since demolished.

Bridlingtou, or Burlington, a small Town in the County of York, where Mary Queen of England Landing from Holland, February, 22. 1642. was most barbarously treated by 4 Parliament Ships, which a great while plaid with their Cannon on the Town, and especially on that House in which the Queen was entertained.

Bridge-Water, a Corporation in Somersetshire, upon the South side of the River Parret, which about five Miles further falls into the Irish Sea; 13 Miles from Wells to the West, and 23 from Bristol to the South-West. It was a great and a populous Town, as Mr. Camden saith; but suffered very much in the old Rebellion by the Scots, July, 23. 1645. And on Sunday, July 5. 1685. the late Duke of Monmouth, Natural Son to Charles II. of ever blessed Memory, was entirely defeated (being then in Rebellion against K. James II.) upon a Moor near this place, by the Providence of God, and the Courage of the Earl of Feversham; who the same day marched to Bridge-Water, the Rebels having before his coming deserted it, and dispers'd themselves. The greatest Honor this Town has, is to give the Title of an Earl to the Right Honourable John Egerton, whose Father was created Earl of Bridge-VVater, May 17. 1617. in the 5th. Year of James I. being the Son and Heir of Thomas Egerton, Lord Chancellor of England, who was created Baron of Ellesmere in 1603, and Viscount Brackley in 1616.

Bridport, a Market-Town in Dorsetshire. The Capital of its Hundred; 2 Miles from the Sea, to which it had formerly a very good Haven. This Town was famous in the time of K. Edward the Confessour. It sends 2 Burgesses to the Parliament.

Brie, a Country, part within the Government of the Isle of France, and part in the Province of Champagne, betwixt the Rivers Seine and Marne. Meaux sur Marne is the Capital Town of it. It is very fruitful. In Latin call'd Bria, Brigeium, and Brigiensis saltus.

Brie-Compte-Robert, a Town in the Country precedent, upon the River Iere; four or five Leagues from Paris.

Brieg, Brega, a Town upon the Oder in Silesia in Germany, betwixt Oppelen and Breslaw. The same is the Capital of the Dutchy of Brieg.

Brienne, a small Town in Champagne in France, upon the River Aube; with the Title of an Earldom; near Troyes, between Bar-sur-Aube and Planci. This Place gives Name to the antient House of Brienne.

Brighthelmston, a Market-Town in Sussex in Lewis-Rape by the Sea Side.

Brignoville, Brinnonia, Brinnola, a Town and Bailywick in Provence in France, near the River Caramie: Understood by some, to be the Forum Veconii; by others, the Matavonium of the Antients. Charles V. the Emperor, took it in 1536. The Leaguers surprized it in 1589.

Brille, or Briel, a Town and Port of Holland, in a good Soil, but a gross Air, at the Confluence of the Rhine and the Meuse, in a small Island of this Name. It was surprized by the Dutch, in 1572. by the help of the Succors obtained from Queen Elizabeth: And this Action was as the first Foundation of the Commonwealth of Holland.

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Brin, Eburum, Arsicua, Brinum, Brina, a City of Moravia, seated upon the River Zwitta, where it falls into that of Swarta, 7 German Miles South of Olmitz. This was the only place which in 1645. and 1646. held out for the Emperour against the Swedes in all Moravia, when being besieg'd it broke the Swedish Army, and forc'd them to rise: call'd by some Bruna; written Brenne also.

Brindisi, Brundusium, is an Archiepiscopal City in the Kingdom of Naples, which has a strong Castle, and a safe Harbour at the mouth of the Gulph of Venice: 36 Miles from Tarento to the East. Pompey retired hither after his overthrow, in the Year of Rome 705. and was obliged to leave the place again, because Caesar pursued him. In the Year 735. the incomparable Virgil died here; that is, about 19 years before the coming of our Saviour. It has been several times ruin'd and repair'd.

Brioude, Brivas, Vicus Briatensis, a great and antient Town in the Province of Auvergne in France, upon the Allier. The Emperour Avitus was buried in the Church of S. Julianus here: The Chapter takes the Title of Earls of Brioude, being in the first institution Knights Confederated to make War against the Normans in the Year 898. § 2 Leagues from this place, stands Brioude la Vieille, upon the same River; where there is a Bridge to cover it, compos'd of one Arch, so extraordinary long and high, as scarce to have its parallel in Europe.

Briqueras or Briquerasco, Briquerascum, a considerable Town in the Principality of Piedmont, 4 or 5 Leagues from Pignerol, with a Castle. Taken by the Sieur de Lesdiguieres in 1592. and retaken by Charles Emanuel Duke of Savoy, in 1594. Also famous in the Wars of Piedmont in the years 1629. 30. and 31.

Brisach, Brisacus Mons, a City with a very strong Castle, in the Territory of Brisgow in Alsatia, with a Stone Bridge upon the Rhine; 6 German Miles from Basil to the North, and 7 from Strasburg, and a from Colmar. It was a Free Imperial City till 1330. when it was exempted, and given to the House of Austria; call'd therefore the Key of Germany, the Cittadel of Alsatia, and the Pillow on which the House of Austria slept with security. In 1633. Gustavus Horne, a Swede, besieg'd it vain: but in 1638. it was taken by the French, under the command of the Duke of Weimar; who are still in Possession of it; their Title being confirm'd by the Treaty of Westphalia, or Munster, in 1648. and afterwards by the Treaty of the Pirenees, in 1659.

Brisag, or Brisiaco, a Town under the Grisons, upon the Lake Majour in Italy; between Locarna, Canobia, and Domo.

Brisgow, Brisgovia, is a Province of Germany, lying on the East of the Rhine, and the West of Wirtenburg, and on the South clos'd with the Canton of Basil. The principal place is Friburg. This Province is in part under the House of Austria, and in part under the French; Brisach (which was once its Capital) being under the latter; but the greatest part under the former. The Prince of Conde obtain'd a Victory here in 1644. when General Merci was kill'd.

Brissach, a Town in the Province of Anjou in France, upon the River Aubance, below Saumur. It gives the Title of a Duke.

Bristoll, Bristolium, Venta Belgarum, Venta Silurum, is a noble City in the County of Somerset, upon the River Avon, which runs through the midst of it; and so part of it stands in Glocestershire; but then it is a County of itself, and belongs to neither of them. It is a neat, strong, clean, populous, rich, well traded City; and after London and York▪ the Third principal Place of England; the Inhabitants of this City Trading into all parts of America, and most other parts of the World: tho no where nam'd before the Year 1063. Robert Bishop of Constance, a Seditious Man, first Wall'd it, in the Reign of William Rufus against that King. It has a Stone Bridge, with Houses built on both sides of it over the River. And also a Castle, in which King Stephen was kept a Prisoner some time, after he had in vain besieg'd it. The Bishops See was Founded by Henry VIII. and made Suffragan to the Archbishop of Canterbury. In the beginning of the Rebellions against Charles I. it sided with the Parliament, and was on that account besieg'd by Prince Rupert, July 24. 1643. who took it in two days; under whom it continued till September 10. 1645. when it was surrendred to Fairfax the Parliaments General. It was preserved from falling into the hands of the late Duke of Monmouth, by the Vigilance of the Duke of Beaufort, who was Lord Lieutenant of this City and its County.

Britain. See England.

New Britain, a Country in the Northern America, between Hudson's Bay and New France; discover'd, nam'd, and possess'd, by the English. Formerly call'd Estoiteland. See Estoiteland.

British Sea, Mare Britannicum, by the French call'd la Manche, is the known Sea betwixt England and France: Extending, according to Pomponius Mela, to the Islands of Sain and Osismiens; that is, to the Diocese of Treguier in Bretagne.

Brive-la-Gaillarde, Briva Curretia, a Town in the Province of Limosin in France, upon the River Coureze: 2 or 3 Leagues from Tulles. Gombaud Ballomer, natural Son to Clotaire I. King of France, was here Crown'd, after the death of Chilperick I. Not a large Place, but situated to its commendation.

Brixen, Brixinio, an Episcopal City in the County of Tirol in Germany, under the Archbishop of Saltzburg. Heretofore a Free Imperial City; but now exempted. It lies at the Foot of the Mountain Bruneck▪ upon the River Eysach, where it receives another River call'd the Riencz, not far from Siben, a ruin'd City, out of which it sprang. It lies not above 2 Miles from the Confines of the Dominions of the State of Venice, and 13 from Trent. In the year 1080. the Emperour Henry IV. presided over a Council here of 30 Bishops of his Party; who all subscribing to his resentments, of the Excommunication and Degradation pronounced against him by Pope Gregory VII. deposed the said Pope, elected Guibert Archbishop of Ravenna (who took the Name of Clement III.) to succeed him in the Chair of Rome, and Voted that the Emperour should carry his Arms into Italy to put their Decrees in execution.

Brocalo, a Kingdom of Nigritia in Africa.

Brockersberg, a Mountain between Thuringen and Franconia.

Brockmerlandt, a Territory in Friseland.

Brod, a small Town in Bosnia upon the Save; famous for the Victory which Prince Louis of Baden obtain'd near it over the Bassa of Bosnia, Sept. 5. 1688. whereby the Turks, pro illa vice, lost that whole Country.

Broitzchia, a Town in the Kingdom of Guzurate in the hither East-Indies, 12 Leagues from Surate: under the great Mogul.

Bromley, a Market-Town in Kent, in Sutton Lath, upon the River Ravensburn. Here there is a College for 20 Clergymen's poor Widows, founded by Dr. Warner. The Seat of the Bishop of Rochester stands by it.

Bromley Abbots, a Market-Town in Staffordshire in the Hundred of Pirehill.

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Bromes-Grove, a Market-Town in Worcestershire in the Hundred of Halfshire upon the Banks of the River Salwarp.

Bromyard, a Market-Town in Herefordshire in the Hundred of Brocash.

Bronchorst, a Town in the Province of Guelderland upon the Issel, very near Zutphen. It gives the Title of an Earl.

Bronsbroo, Bronsbroa, a Town of the Kingdom of Sweden, in the Province of Ostrogothia: where the Crowns of Sweden and Denmark held a Treaty of Peace in the Year 1645.

Brough, a Market-Town in VVestmorland, in East Ward.

Broughton, a Market-Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Loynsdale.

Brouage, one of the fairest and strongest Forts in all France, in Xaintonge, not far from Burdeaux.

Brower, a Name given by Brower a Dutchman to the Streights discovered by him in 1643. towards the Island of Statenland in the Sea of Magellan in America.

Browershaven, a Town and Port in the Island of Schowen in Zeland, • Leagues from Ziriczee. Rich and Populous.

Bruca, Pantagia, a River of Sicily.

Brucomat, Brucomagus, a Town in Alsatia

Bruges, Bruga, a City in Flanders, call'd by the Dutch Brugg, which was made a Bishops See by Paul IV. under the Archbishop of Mechlin; a large, beautiful, well traded Town, and has its name from the multitude of Bridges in it; being seated on a knot of Dikes, 8 Miles from Gant to the West, and 3 from Ostend to the East. This is under the Spaniards, and is one of the best they have left: being 4 Miles in Circuit, wonderfully well Peopled, and once exceeding rich. They reckon 60 handsom Churches in it.

Brugneto, Brunetum, a City in the State of Genoua, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Genoua, at the Foot of the Apennine, 50 Miles from Genoua to the East; of little compass, thinly inhabited, and ill built.

Bruno, Prilis, a Lake and small River in the Territories belonging to Siena, once a Commonwealth in Italy, now a part of the Dukedom of Florence; 8 Miles from the City of Grosseto to the South-West.

Brunsberg, Brunsberga, is a Royal City belonging to the Kingdom of Poland in Prusia, but some years since mortgag'd to the Duke of Brandenburg: seated upon the great Bay call'd Frish Haff, on the West side of the River Passerg, 8 Miles from Margenberg to the East, and the same distance from Koningsperg to the West.

Brunsbuttel, a small Town in the Dukedom of Holstein in Germany, towards the Mouth of the Elb, under the King of Denmark; 2 or 3 Leagues from Glukstat.

Brunswick, Brunopolis, Brunonis Vicus, is a City and Dukedom in Germany: the Dukedom is a part of the Dukedom of Saxony, bounded on the East with the Earldom of Mansfield, on the West with Westphalia, on the North with Lunenburgh, and on the South with Hassia. This Dukedom takes its name from Brunswick, the principal City in it, which lies upon the River Onacra and was a Free Imperial City or Hanse Town, the Metropolis of the antient Saxony: a rich, strong, populous City, or rather five Cities under one Law, and within one Wall, which is 8 English Miles in compass: built by Bruno Duke of Saxony, in 861. and from him it had its name. It fell into the hands of the Duke in 1671. and is now under their Dominion; it has a Castle lately built, and well fortified, since which time it is much decay'd. This City embrac'd the Reformation in 1522. and Professeth the Augustan Confession, as all the rest of that Dukedom doth. It lies 20 Miles from Hamburg to the North, upon the River Oker.

Brussel, Bruxella, the chief City and Seat of the antient Dukes of Brabant, and after that of the Dukes of Burgundy, as it is at this day the Residence of the Spanish Governour of Flanders: seated upon the Sinne, and other Springs and Rivers, which make it one of the sweetest Situations in Europe; 8 Leagues from Antwerp to the South, and 4 from Lovaine; being partly in a Plain, and partly on a Hill. In the Cathedral Church of S. Gedulle they pretend to have an Host, stabb'd sometime by a Jew in indignation at the supposed presence of the Body of Christ, which shed Blood out of the Wound; and the Jew (they say) immediately was struck with death: Whereas the Life and Conversion of the Man had been a greater Proof of the miracle. In Long. 25. 6. and Lat. 50. 50. § There is another small City of the same name in Germany, in the Bishoprick of Spire.

Brutij, an antient People of Italy, descended originally from the Lacedaemonians. They were distinguish'd into Cismontani and Tramontani, possessing that part of Italy which we now call the further Calabria. In the second Punick War they ran over to Hannibal; whereby they lost their Reputation to that degree amongst the Romans, that they could never afterwards get to be employ'd but in servilities, and even their name became a Proverb for a despicable Generation of People, living continually in meanness and shame.

Bruton, a Market▪ Town in Somersetshire, the capital of its Hundred, upon the River Brue. The Lord Fitzharding has a noble Seat here.

Bua, otherwise call'd Chiovo, is an Island of Dalmatia near Spalatro, under the Venetians. It is very near to the Island of Troghir.

Bucephala, Alexandria Bucephalos, a Town in the Indies, built by Alexander M. in honor of his Horse. It is mentioned by Q. Curtius. The Moderns suppose that it is the same with Lahor now. See Lahor.

Buchs, a small Principality within the Territory of Burgundy in France, near Medoc; belonging to the House of Foix and Candale.

Buckenham the New, a Market-Town in Norfolk in the Hundred of Shropham.

Buckenburgh, a small Town in Westphalia in Germany, where the Counts of Lippe-Buckenburgh (taking their Style from hence) have a Palace.

Buckinghamshire, Buckinghamia, is divided on the South from Berkshire by the Thames, on the North it hath Northamptonshire and Bedfordshire; on the West Oxfordshire; and on the East Hertfordshire and Middlesex; a County very Fruitful, and chiefly employed in Grazing. The first Earl of this County was Walter Giffard, a great Man amongst the Normans, whose Son Walter died in 1164. In 1377. Richard II. conferred this Title upon his Uncle Thomas of Woodstock. Humfry Earl of Stafford was the first created Duke of Buckingham in 1444. Edward, the last of this Race, was Beheaded in the Reign of Henry VIII. in 1521. After which this Title lay vacant till 1623. when James I. created George Viscount Villiers, Duke of Buckingham; his Son George succeeded him, who died April 16. 1687. without Issue, and left the Title vacant. On the North of the River Ouse, in the North-west part of the County, stands the Town of Buckingham, which gives Name to the whole County. It was Wall'd before the Conquest in 915. by Edward the Elder, to secure it against the Danes: in after times there was a Castle built here, which is now intirely ruin'd; the Town stands upon a low ground, very commodious for Mills, and incircled by the River on all sides but the North. And it is a Corporation, and sends Two Burgesses to the Parliament.

Bnckor, a Town and Kingdom in the States of the Great Mogul in the East-Indies. The former stands upon the River Indus; the other is bounded by the Kingdoms of Tattan to the South, Multan to the North, Hajacen and Persia to the West, and Jesselmere to the East.

Buda, Buda Heraclia, Aquinum, is the Capital of the Kingdom of Hungary: call'd by the Turks Budun, by the Germans Offen, by the French Bude, and by the Italians Buda. Heretofore a very great and rich City, till it fell into the hands of the Turks, who ruin'd most of its stately Houses and Palaces: it lies on the West side of the Danube, over against Pest, which is joyn'd to it by a Bridge of Boats: and is divided into two parts, the Upper and Lower; between which there is the distance of a Mile: the Lower Town is weak; but the upper Town is by Nature one of the strongest Forts in the World, and has a very strong Castle on the West side: said to be built by one Buda, the Brother of Attila King of the Huns, and from him to have its Name. In 1279. there was a Council held here under Pope Nicolas III. and Ladislaus III. King of Hungary. It was much improved by Sigismund King of Hungary about the Year 1387. and adorned with many stately Buildings; amongst the rest with a Castle, where at first the Kings and afterwards the Turkish Visiers resided; which was so strong, that it was thought Impregnable. The Successors of this Prince augmented this City, and strengthened it with new Fortisications. Solyman II. Emperor of the Turks took it first in 1526. Ferdinand the Arch-Duke of Austria, retook it the next Year after. In 1529 Solyman retook it again, after the Garrison had stood eleven Aslaults; and restored it to the Weywood of Transilvania, who had lost it before. Ferdinando in 1540. or 1541. attacked it again, when Solyman coming the third time to relieve it, raised the Siege, and made himself Master of the place by a Stratagem and Surprise. In 1598. Matthias the Arch-Duke again besieged it, and after in 1601. again, but with no Success. In 1684. the Duke of Lorrain sat before it from July 14. to November 1. but was forced to rise and leave it: this brave General in 1686. reinvested it June 15. and after a bloody defence made by the Governor, took it by storm September 2. following; though the Grand Visier stood and looked on with an Army of 50000 Men, and was no way able to help him. In the lower Town there is a Hot and a Cold Bath, both adorned very much by the Turks, who are great lovers of Baths: it lies 49 German Miles from Belgrade to the North, 54 from Vienna to the South. Long. 42. 15. Lat. 47. 7. The Imperialists found in it 400 Peices of Artillery, a Treasure of above 300000 Ducats, and the antient Library of the Kings of Hungary, augmented by Matthias Corvinus, entire; which last was ordered to be transported to Vienna.

Buddesdalc, a Market-Town in Suffolk in the Hundred of Hartesmere. Here there is a Grammar School endowed with certain Scholarships assigned to Cambridge.

Budoa, Butua, a City of Dalmatia, upon the shoars of the Adriatick Sea, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Antivari: well Fortified, under the Dominion of the Venetians, but it is small; and has been severely handled by the Turks, who took it in 1571. and were obliged soon after to return it to the Venetians again. In 1667. it was almost ruined by an Earthquake. This City lies ten Miles from Antivary to the West, between the Gulph of Cattaro, and that of Lodrin, in Long. 43. 30. Lat. 42. 23.

Budziack, more antiently called Bessarabia, which see.

Buhiera, Arapotes, Maria, Marcotis, a Lake in Egypt.

Buenos Aytes, or Civitad de la Trinidad, a City and an Episcopal See in the Province of Paraguay upon the River Plata in the West-Indies, whither the King of Spain was perswaded to bring his Silver from Potosi; but found it not convenient, by reason of the Vicinity of the Portugals in Brasil.

Bugen, a Town and Kingdom in the Island of Ximo, belonging to Japan.

Bugey, a small Country in France, betwixt the Rhosne and the Ains. The former separates it from Savoy and Dauphine, the other from Bresse and Burgundy. In length 16 Leagues, and about 10 in breadth: the Capital Town of it is Belley. This Country belonged to the Sovereigns of Bresse, till the Year 1621. that it submitted to the Crown of France.

Bugia, a City and Province in Barbary in the old Kingdom of Algiers. The latter extends itself along the Sea Coast, betwixt the River Sufegmar to the East, the River Major to the West, and the Mountains to the South: the other stands upon the Mouth of the Major with a good Port, and was heretofore a Bishops See; they now reckon about 8000 Houses in it. It is the Salda or Saldae of the Antients. In 1508▪ the Spaniards took it, but the Turks soon after removed them. § Also a Town upon the Nile in Nubia in Africa towards the Frontiers of Egypt, betwixt Jalac and Assuana: written sometime Bugiha

Bugna, Abugana, a Kingdom in Aethiopia, Mountainous and small.

Built, a Market-Town in the County of Brecknock in Wales, the chief of its Hundred▪

Bulgaria, pars Moesiae inferioris, is a County which is bounded on the East with the Euxine Sea; on the West with Servia; on the North with the Danube, by which it is parted from Moldavia and Walachia; and on the South with Thrace. It has this name from the Bulgares, a Scythian People, who in 566. possessed themselves of it. This Nation first received the Christian Faith about 700. but were not totally gained over to Christianity till about 860. since which time they have been subject to the Jurisdiction of the Patriarch of Constantinople: first under Kings of their own, till 1310. when they were Conquered by Charles King of Hungary, having been before extreamly weakened by their Wars against the Eastern Emperors. They were finally subjugated by Amurath II. Emperor of the Turks about 1427. ever since which time they have been subject to that Empire. The Country for the most part is full of sharp rugged Hills, Branches of the great Mountain Haemus, which divides it from Thrace; so that it is the most unpleasant and worst peopled part of Dacia; the People are accordingly patient of all Toil and Labor▪ and brutishly Valiant.

Bullerborn, Fons Tumultuarius, a Fountain near the Village of Oldenbeck in the Province of Westphalia in Germany. It is remarked for using to yield its Water with extraordinary noise and unequal Intermissions.

Bullingbrooli, an antient Market-Town in Lincolnshire. The Capital of its Hundred; upon the spring of a River, which falls into the Witham. This was the Birthplace of Henry IV, thence surnamed of Bullingbrook. Made an Earldom first in the Person of S. Oliver S. Johns, descended from the Grand-Mother of Henry VII. which Title is now enjoyed by the Right Honorable Pawles S. John,

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Bungay, a Market-Town in Suffolk in the Hundred of VVangford, upon the Banks of the River VVave nay.

Bungo, a Town and Kingdom in the Island of Ximo belonging to Japan in the East-Indies: this is in the Eastern part of the Island. The King and a number of his Subjects had once embraced the Christian Religion, but the terrible Persecution that followed, reduced them to their old again.

Buntingford, a Market-Town in Hartfordshire, in the Hundred of Edwinstree.

Buqhan, or Buchan, a County of Stotland, bounded on the North and East with the German Ocean; on the West and South with Murray and Marr. The Castles of Stanes and Fendracht are the most considerable places in it. It affords good Pasturage.

Bura, an antient Town of Achaia in the Morea, upon the Gulph of Corinth: famous heretofore for an Oracle of Hercules, whose Statue was Adored in a neighbouring Cavern. This Town had the fortune to be over-turn'd by an Earthquake. The remaining ruins have taken since the name of Pernitea; betwixt Patras and Vasilica.

Buragrag, a River in the Kingdom of Fez in Africa, separating the Provinces of Fez and Thesmena. It falls into the Altantick at Cap de Sola, having at the Mouth of it a Town standing of the same Name.

Buren, a small Town with the Title of an Earldom, in the Province of Guelderland, 3 Leagues from Bosleduc and Ʋtrecht, near the River Slingh.

Burford, a Market-Town in Oxfordshire, in the Hundred of Bampton, near the River Windrush. About the Year 750. Cuthbert King of the West Saxons overthrew Ethelbald King of the Mercians here, and won his Banner, wherein was depicted a golden Dragon. Whence came the Custom of this Town of making every year a Dragon in Jolity. It gives the Title of an Earl to the Duke of S. Albans.

Burgaw, Burgavia, a Country and Marquisate in the Circle of Schwaben in Germany, lying along the Danube. It receives this name from Burgaw upon the River Mindel, which is the capital Town of it. This Country is about 10 Leagues broad and long; and has been possess'd by the House of Austria ever since the year 1282.

Burgh, a Market-Town in Lincolnshire in the Hundred of Candleshow.

Burglave, is an antient Diocess in the North Iutland, where now is the Diocess of Alborch, called by the Latin writers Alburgensis.

Burnham Market, a Town in Norfolk in the Hundred of Brother Cross. So call'd in distinction from other Burnhams which are not Market-Towns.

Burgos, Masburgi, Bravum, Burgi, called by the French Bourgues, is the Capital of old Castile. Formerly a Regal City, and grew up out of the Ruins of Occa: made an Archbishops See by Gregory XIII. in 1571. having been a Bishops See from 1075. It stands on the North side of the River Arlanzon, which falls into the Duero below Valladolid; amongst the Mountains, upon the descent of an Hill, and declines itself also apace, being Inhabited but by a few People. Anciently call'd Bravum, and Masburgi: 37 Spanish Miles North of Madrid. In Long. 16. 32. and Lat. 43. 10.

Burick, or Budrick, Budrichium, a strong Town in the Dutchy of Cleves in Germany, upon the Rhine, 2 or 3 Leagues from Gueldres: under the Hollanders. This was one of the Four Towns which the French besieged at the same time at the opening of the Campagne of the year 1672. The Mareschal de Turenne commanded the Siege.

Burnley, a Market-Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Blackburn.

Burntwood, a Market-Town in Essex in the Hundred of Chelmsford.

Burrowbridg, a Market-Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire in the Hundred of Claro.

Burton, a Market-Town in Lincolnshire in the Hundred of Manlake, upon the River Trent, near its fall into the Humber. § Another in Westmorland in Loynsdale Wapentake, near the great Hill call'd Farleton-knot-hill. § A Third in Staffordshire in the Hundred of Offlow, upon the River Trent.

Bursa, Prusa, called by the Turks Bruss, by the Italians Bursa and Bourse, by the French Brusse, is a City of the lesser Asia, in the Province of Chintale, antiently Bithynia: built by Prusius King of Bithynia, in the year of the World 3179. and gave Name to that Part of that Kingdom in which it stood. Taken by Orchanes the Turk, in 1325. after which it was the Seat of their Empire, till they took Adrianople and removed it thither in 1402. In ancient time a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Nicomedia; but afterwards it became a Metropolitan See of it self. It is two Miles in length, well built and peopled, and one of the richest Cities in Asia; and to this day ennobled with the Sepulture of the Princes of the Ottoman Race, except the Emperors themselves: 5 Miles from the Propontis, 30 East from Constantinople. In Long. 57. 30. Lat. 41. 49.

Bury Saint Edmonds, Villa Regia, Villa Faustini, is a delicate sweet Town in the County of Suffolk, upon the River Lark, (as may seem by the Town of Larkford, a little more North) which falls into the great Ouse, between Ely and Little-Port-Edmund surnamed Ironside, one of the Saxon Kings, founded here a Church in the beginning of Christianity, and called it the Royal Town; but after that Prince was brought hither from Hoxon in the same County, it was called St. Edmonds Bury. King Kanutus the Dane, to expiate the sin of his Father Swaine or Sueno, who murdered this Prince, built here a new Church and an Abby; and brought in the Black Friers, about 1020. to whom he gave the Town of Bury, and many noble Mannors thereabout; so that at the suppression it was valued at 2336 l. the year; a vast Revenue then. They governed the Town by a Seneschal or Steward; and when it was allowed to be a Corporation, the Alderman was not permitted to exercise any Authority till he had taken his Oath of Obedience to the Abbot. Afterwards Herveie the Sacrist, compassed the Town with a Wall, whereof there remain still some few Relicks; and Abbot Newport Walled the Abby, and the Pope granted it great Immunities. Edward VI. founded here a Grammar School. Charles I. of Pious memory, Created Henry Jermin Baron of S. Edmonds Bury, Sept. 8. 1643. The delightfulness of its Situation, and the goodness of its Air, have ever procured it the residence of a great many of the Gentry, who living here inrich the Inhabitants, and support the Town, which would otherwise fall to decay. Henry II. overthrew Robert Earl of Leicester and his Flemings, (taking the Earl and his Wife prisoners), in a Battle not far from hence.

Busiris, an antient City in Egypt in the middle of the Delta, where was formerly a vast Temple consecrated to Isis, whose Festivals they observed with the greatest Solemnity.

Bussereth, Bostra, a City of Arabia the Stony, the Native place of Marcus Julius Philippus, Emperour of the Romans, and called from him Philippopolis. It is an Archbishops See, under the Patriarch of Jerusalem, being taken out of the Patriarchat

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of Antioch; and lies sixty Miles East from the Sea of Tiberias, in Long. 69. 45. Lat. 31. 30. Called in some Monies of the Emperor Severus, and his Mother Mamaea, Colonia Alexandrina; now under the Turks.

Butera, a Town in the Island of Sicily, with the Title of a Principality in the Province call'd Valle di Noto; about 4 Leagues from the Sea.

Butow, a small Town in Pomerania upon the River Stolp, towards the Frontiers of the Royal Prüssia. Under the Duke of Brandenburg.

Butrino, a place upon the Consines of Epirus, belonging to the Venetians. It was heretofore a considerable City, and the Seat of a Bishop. Call'd by the Antients Buthrotum. The Turks ruin'd it about 120 years ago; and the Venetians have not yet restored it to it's pristine Dignity. It stands over against the Island of Corfou, upon a Gulph of its own Name: being many times written Butrinto, or Botrinto.

Button's Bay, the same with Hudson's Bay in the North of America.

Butua, a City of the Lower Aethiopia in Africa, under the Empire of Monotopia, the Head of a Kingdom of the same Name, towards the River Zambre.

Buyil Mancy, a River of Aethiopia.

Le Buys, a small Town in the Province of Dauphine in France, in the Country call'd the Baronies, upon the River Oveze and the Borders of Provence. Surpriz'd by the Huguenots in 1568.

Buzanich, Pausinus, a River of Dalmatia.

Buzenzais, a Town in the Dukedom of Berri in France, upon the River Indre, and the Borders of Touraine.

Bychow, Bychovia, a Town belonging to the Kingdom of Poland, in Lithuania, upon the Borysthenes, between Mohilow and Rohuczo, two Cities, ill handled by the Moscovites, some few Years since.

Byrsa, the Name of an antient Cittadel at Carthage in Africa, built by Queen Dido; which had upon the top of it a Temple dedicated to Aesculapius. In the Phaenician Language, introduc'd by Dido into Africa, it is written Botzra or Bosra, signifying a Tower: Whereof the Word Bursa, with the Fable of the Hide thereon grounded, was but a Grecian Corruption alluding to the little Morsels of Leather stamped for Money in antient times; with which she purchas'd the Ground for the Building of this Castle and the City of Carthage.

Byzacena, an antient City and Province of Africa within the Kingdom of Tunis. The City has sometime been a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Carthage. In the Year 646. a Council of 42 Prelates was assembled at it against the Monothelites; besides others of less Note, in 602. 541. and 522.

=== CAB. (Book c) ===
CAbe, or Cheyles, or Queiles, Chalybs, a River of Spain, rising in the Kingdom of Aragon, which waters Taracona, and falls into the Ebro. The Waters of this River have been ever famous for the tempering of Steel.

Cabeston, a Town in the Province of Languedoc in France near Nismes.

Cabo d' Istria, a City of Istria in Italy, under the Dominion of the Venetians, upon the Adriatick Gulph; heretofore call'd Justinopolis, from Justinian the Emperor, who rebuilt it. This is the Capital of Istria, and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Aquileia. It is a small Place in an Island three Bow shoots from the Continent, to which there is a Passage by Bridges; and in the midst of it is an antient Castle: 30 Italian Miles from Aquileia to the South-East, and 75 from Venice to the East: Long. 36. 26. Lat. 45. 31.

Cabrieres, a Town in the County of Venaissin in Provence in France.

Cabul, a Province or Kingdom in the East-Indies, under the Great Mogul, near the Fountains of the River Indus; it has a City of the same Name, standing upon a small River which falls into the Indus. The whole Country is full of Mountains, but very fruitful, and reasonably well traded. The Rivers Nilab and Behat, falling into the Indus, have their Sources therein. Long. 305. and Lat. 31. In this City their Kings resided heretofore. There are two Fortresses standing in it.

Cabusco, a Mountain in the Kingdom of Persia.

Cacagioni, Charox, a City of the Lesser or Crim Tartary.

Cacari, a River and Town of Mongrelia.

Cacceres, Caceres de Camarhina, a City in the principal Philippine Island of Lusson or Manilha upon the Streights of Manilha, with a good Port to the same; and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Manilha.

Cacelina, a City of Bithynia, antiently call'd Chalcedon.

Cachan, a large City in the Province of Hyrach in Persia; 22 Leagues from Ispahan. Above a thousand Families of Jews (said to be of the Tribe of Juda) dwell in it. It is a famous Place for Brocards.

Cachar, the Indus or great River of the East-Indies.

Caco, Cacus, Caunus, a Mountain in the Kingdom of Aragon, in the Confines of the Kingdom of Old Castile; now call'd also Moncaio.

Cadenac, a small Town in the County of Quercy in France, upon the River Lot and the Borders of Rovergue; 8 or 9 Leagues from Cahors. Some take it to be the Ʋxellodunum of the antient Gaul:, which stood out the last of all their Towns against Caesar.

Cadillac, a small Town in the Province of Guienne in France, near the Garrone; in a fertile Soil, and adorn'd with one of the best Castles in this Province.

Cachieu, or Sierra Liona, a Sea Port Town on the Coast of Guiney, much frequented by the Europeans, towards the Promontory of Leaena. This Place was first discovered by the Portugals in 1452.

Cadiz, Gades, is an Island and City on the Coast of Spain, in the Atlantick Ocean; call'd Cadis and Cales by the English, and Cadice by the Italians: But small, as being only 4 Leagues in length; whereas it was once much greater, as Pliny and Strabo both affirm. It lies on the Coast of the Kingdom of Andalusia, to which it is now joyn'd by a Bridge between the Outlet of the River Guadalquivir or Baetis, and the Streights of Gibraltar. On the Western Shoar of this Island lies CADIS, which gives Name to the Island, built by the Phenicians, and is perhaps the oldest Town in Spain. In the times of the Romans it was made a Municipal City, and one of the Juridical Resorts for the Province of Baetica; in which time it was thought one of the Noblest and Richest Cities in all Spain; scarce yeilding to any in the Empire for Greatness, Magnificence, or the Number and Quality of the Inhabitants; here living at one time five hundred Roman Knights, which Number was not equalled in any other Place but Padua only; beside the great Concourse of Merchants from all places of the World; which occasioned Cornelius Balba, a Native of it, to build a New Town to the old one. By the Moors at the Conquest

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of Spain, it was utterly ruined, and so contitinued till it was recovered from them by the Spaniards, who rebuilt and fortified it, and made it the Magazine for their Navies: Yet it was taken by the English in one Day, under Robert Earl of Essex, and Sir Walter Rawleigh, in which they burnt the Indian Fleet, consisting of forty Sail of Ships, whose Lading was worth eight Millions of Crowns; overcame the Spanish Navy, which consisted of fifty seven Men of War; took the S. Michael and S. Andrew, two great Gallions, with their Lading, and carried away more Martial Furniture than could be again supplied in many Years; forced the Town, in which they slew and took Prisoners 4000 Foot, and 600 Horse, and brought thence a considerable Booty in 1596. This City is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Sevil. Long. 14. 10. Lat. 36. 28. Juno had a Temple formerly in her Honor in this Island, thence call'd Junonis Insula; and also Hercules another, in which Caesar wept to reflect upon the Actions of Alexander the Great at the Age of thirty three. After the Reduction of Spain by Caesar, he left a Roman Colony at Cadis with the Name of Julia Gaditana. The Antients believed it to be the utmost boundary of Navigation; calling the two Mountains near it, at the Mouth of the Streights, the Pillars of Hercules. Here the Spanish Gallions rendezvouse. It is one of the Keys of Spain, and of so very great Importance, that Charles V. recommended it particularly, together with Flushing in the Low-Countries, and Goulet in Africa, to the Care of his Son King Philip II. as absolutely necessary for the Conservation of his Empire. Columella was a Native hereof, with Canius a Poet mentioned by Martial.

Il Cadoriue, the most Northern Country of all Italy towards the County of Tyrol and the Alpes; contained within the Marcha Trevisana, in the States of the Republick of Venice. Its Capital Town is Pieve di Cadore.

Cadouin, a famous Abbey of the Order of the Cistercians in the Province of Perigord in France; where they pretend to preserve a Handkerchief of our Saviour's, brought out of Jerusalem in 1105. and since visited by S. Lewis K. of France, in 1269. by Charles VI. and Lewis XI. as a most extraordinary Relick.

Caen, Cadomus, famous for a Bishop's See and an University, on the River Orne, about 4 Leagues from the British Sea, 28 from Roan to the South. In the year 1063. the Archbishop of Roan held a Council here in the Presence of William the Conqueror King of England; who died in 1087. in the 74th year of his Age at Roan: and being deserted after his Death by all his Friends and Servants, was after a long time interr'd by the Monks here with small Pomp, in the Abbey of St. Stephen which he him self had Founded, as his Queen had done that of the Holy Trinity. The University was Founded by Henry V. K. of England, who took this City from the French, after a sharp resistance, by Storm in 1417. Its Long. is 22. 20. Lat. 49. 40. The learned Bochartus was none of the least Ornaments of this Place. They bear three Fleur de Lysses in their Arms, as a Token of their Fidelity to the Crown.

Caer-Cadon, the Welsh Name of the City of Bath.

Caerdif, See Landaff.

Caerick-Fergus. See Knock-Fergus.

Caer-Leon, Chester.

Caer-Leon, Isca Legionis, Legio Secunda, an antient Roman Town upon the Ʋsk in the County of Monmouth, which was once one of the Metropolitan Seats of Britain, and an University, till the See was removed to S. Davids. The City was ruined in the Reign of Henry II. but there are still many very honourable Marks of its Antiquity and Splendor digged up here, for which the Reader may consult Mr. Camden. The Romans quartered the Second Legion, called Augusta, in it, to bridle the Silures. King Arthur kept his Court here. It stands 9 Miles East from Landaf, 21 from Brecknock South-East, and 26 from Hereford South-West. Newport has sprung out of its Ruins, and stands a little beneath it on the Severn.

Caer-Lud, London.

Caermarthenshire, is one of the Twelve Counties in VVales; bounded on the East by Glamorganshire and Brecknock, on the West by Pembroke, on the North by Cardigan, from which it is separated by the River Tivy; and on the South by the Irish Sea. This County is said by Mr. Camden to be very fruitful, and in some places to have plenty of Coal Mines, and to abound in Cattle. It takes its Name from the principal City, which stands upon the River Tiny, about 5 Miles from the Sea: called by Ptolomy, Maridunum; by Antonius, Muridunum. It was Walled with Brick in the times of Giraldus Cambrensis, but was then decaying: Pleasantly seated between Woods and Meadows, and very venerable for its great Antiquity: taken from the VVelch in the Reign of VVilliam the Conqueror, after this by them retaken and burnt twice; till being first strengthened with a Castle by Henry Turbervil, an English Man, and after that walled about by Gilbert de Clare, it recovered something of its former Glory. The Princes of VVales settling here the Chancery and Exchequer for South VVales.

Caernarvanshire, has on the North and West the Irish Sea, on the South Merioneth, and on the East Denbighshire; parted from the Isle of Anglesey by the River Menay. All the middle parts of it are covered and filled with Mountains; so that Mr. Camden calls these Hills Alpes Britannicas, the British Alpes; and saith they afforded the greatest Security to the Welsh in times of VVar: and so abounded with Grass, that they seemed sufficient alone to have fed all the Cattle of VVales. The Western parts are more level, and yield plenty of Barley. The chief Town or City, is seated in this part of the County, upon the River Menay; and was built by Edward I. King of England, about 1283. Small and almost round, but strong, and defended by a beautiful Castle. Edward II. was born here, and Surnamed from this Town, who was the first of the English Princes that bore the Title of Prince of VVales. In after times these Princes setled here the Chancery for North-VVales. Robert Dormer Baron of VVing was created Viscount and Earl of Carnarvan in the sourth Year of the Reign of King Charles I. who afterwards lost his Life valiantly for that Prince at Newberry, in 1643. to whom succeeded Charles his Son.

Caerphilly, a Market-Town in the County of Glamorgan in VVales, where the Earl of Pembroke has a Noble Castle. It is the Capital of its Hundred.

Caerwis, a Market-Town in Flintshire, in the Hundred of Coleshill.

Caeron, a Country in Assyria, where Josephus says the Relicks of Noah's Ark were to be seen in his time. It produces your odoriferous Wood.

Caesarea, Palestina, was anciently call'd the Tower of Straton: But Herod the Great, rebuilding it, called it Caesarea, in honor of Augustus: It is now call'd Caisar. It lies on the shoars of the Mediterranean Sea, in the Holy Land; 30 Miles to the South from Ptolemais, and 45 from Jerusalem. After the Ruin of Jerusalem, it became the Metropolis of Palestine, and the Seat of the Prefect or Governor; the Bishop of Caesarea gained thereby the Authority of a Primate over the Bishop of Jerusalem, and for some

=== descriptionPage 67 ===
Ages maintained it; but in after Councils the Bishop of Jerusalem was exempted and made a Patriarch; several great Councils have been held here. Eusebius Pamphilus the Church Historian was in his time Bishop of it. Cornelius, the first converted Gentile, was baptized here by S. Peter. S. Paul was a Prisoner here. And Origen taught here. But in 653. after a Siege of 7 years, Muhavia a Saracen took it from the Christians. In the Holy War it was several times taken and retaken; till at last intirely ruined by Barsus a Saracen. Long 66. 15. Lat. 32. 20. §. Caesarea Magna in Cappadocia, the Episcopal Seat heretofore of S. Basil. See Caisar. §. Caesarea Philippi. See Balbec. §. Caesarea in Africa, an antient City mention'd with Honor in the Roman History, upon the Coast of the Mediterranean; believed to be the same with the Iol of Ptolemy, Pliny, and Mela. It became a Bishop's See since Christianity, and likewise an University that produced divers Poets and Philosophers of Note, in the time that the Arabians were Victorious in Africa. In the Year 959. the Caliphs ruined it. The Remains of its Walls make it appear to have been above 3 Leagues in Circuit: call'd by the Africans Tiguident.

Cagliari, Caralis, Calaris, a City of Sardinia, an Island in the Mediterranean Sea, which is the Capital, and the Seat of the Governor, on the South side of the Island upon an Hill: Also an Archbishop's See, and an University. When the Moors were Masters of this Island they ruined this City; but James II. King of Aragon recovering it Anno Christi 1330. the Pisans rebuilt the Town, which is now become great and rich under the Spaniards. It has three large Suburbs, a Castle and a very capacious Haven. The famous Lucifer was Archbishop of this See in the Reign of Constantine M. Pope Hillary was born here, and Martin King of Sicily died here in 1409. Long. 32. 12. Lat. 37. 30. The Cape Cagliari derives its Name from hence.

Cagli or Caglio, Callium, Cale, Calle, a small City in the Dukedom of Ʋrbino, which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Ʋrbino; seated upon the River Metro, at the foot of the Apennine, 14 Leagues from Ʋrbino to the South-West, and the same Distance from Eugubio to the North-East. It was under the Dominion of the Pope in 1289.

Caiors or Cahors, Doveona, Divona, Cadurcum, the principal City of Quercy in Guienne in France upon the River Loth, over which it has three Bridges. It is a large, fine, and strong City, and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Alby ever since 1678. before which time it was under the Archbishop of Berry: ten Leagues from Alby to the North, and 45 from Bourdeaux to the East. Pope John XXII. being born here, founded an University in it in 1331. The Bishops take the Title of Earls of Cahors. Henry IV. King of Navarre, besieged it in 1580. and reduced it in three Days; since which time its Castle and Fortifications have been demolished.

Cajania, a Province of Sweden which is often also called East-Bothinia; between the Botner Sea, Lapland, and Finland.

Cajan•burg, the principal Town within the former Territory, which gives Name to it: it lies towards Lapland upon the Lake Ʋla; with a Castle for its Defence and Honor.

Cajazzo, Calatia, a City in the Province of Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples, about 7 Miles East of Capua; near the River Voltorno, and a Bishop's See under the Arch-Bishop of Capoiia. It was considerable in the times of the Caesars; a Colony having been setled there by Julius Caesar, as Apianus Alexandrinus saith, which on that account joyn'd with Augustus. But now very small and in a declining Condition.

Cajenne, an Island to the South of the Mouth of the River Cajenne (which gives Name to it) in the Province of Guyana in America, under the French; 18 Leagues in Circuit. The River Cajenne springs from the Mountains, near the Lake of Parima, and continues its Course about 100 Leagues through the Country of the Galibes, before it falls into the Ocean with this Island in its Embraces. The Hollanders settled themselves here in 1656. and again in 1676. but were both times expelled by the French, who were the prior Occupants.

Caj•tta. See Gajetta.

Caifum, or Caifung, one of the principal Cities in China, seated on the South of the River Croceus, in the Province of Honan, in Long. 142. 35. It was heretofore the ordinary Residence of the Emperors of China, till the Year 1642. that the Usurper Lyncungh besieged it: To drown whose Army, the People piercing the Banks of the River Croceus (which lies higher than the Town) brought the Water upon themselves more than on the Enemy, with so great an Impetuosity, that the Houses were all overturned, three hundred thousand Inhabitants drown'd, and the whole Town changed into a Lake from that Day.

Caiman, a greater, and Lesser Island, North of Cuba, in the Gulph of Mexico; known by the Tortoise-Fishing-Trade there.

Caiphas, a City of Phoenicia, at the foot of Mount Carmel, and heretofore an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Tyre: Understood by some to be the Porphyrcum of Polybius and Stephanus. The Lords hereof were of high renown in the time that the Christians were Masters of the Holy land.

Cairoan, Cyrene, an antient and once very noble City in Africa, mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles; and now almost ruin'd and depopulated by the Turks, in whose hands it is: seated right overagainst Matapan, the most Southern Cape of the Morea; an Archbishops See under the Patriarch of Alexandria, and once famous not only for its Antiquity, (being built in the year of the World 3560. 143 years after Rome;) but also for Learning, it having produced many noble Greek Writers; and particularly Aristippus, the founder of the Sect of the Cyrenaick Philosophers, with the ingenious Areta his Daughter, who succeeded him in his School. The Country antiently call'd Libya Cyrenaica, comprehending the Five Cities of Berenice, Teuchire, Ptolomais, Apollonia, and Cyrene, derived its name from hence. It had sometime the honour to bear the Title of a Kingdom. For in the Year of Rome 658. we read of a Ptolomy surnamed Apion, King of Cyrene, nominating the Romans to be his Heirs. The Libya Cyrenaica was afterwards call'd Pentapolis from these its Cities, and now Mestrata. Long. 50. 00. Lat. 31. 20. § Also a Town upon the River Capullia in the Kingdom of Tunis, about 14 Leagues from the Sea. Built in 652. by the Caliphs of Syria, and adorn'd with a sumptuous Mosque, where you see the Sepulchres of the Kings of Tunis. For want of Fountains in so dry and barren a Soil as this Town stands in, they drink altogether of the Water of the Cistern. There has been formerly an University here, frequented from all the parts of Africa. It is the Thysdrus of the Antients. The Arabians call it Cairavan: And a chief Pontiff of the Mahometan Law resides in it.

Caisar, Caesarea Magna, a City of Cappadocia upon the River Haly, which was made a Colony by Tibenius Claudius; call'd before this Archelais, 60 Miles from Iconium to the North. Till the time of Valens the Roman Emperour, it was the Metropolis of Cappadocia. The Great S. Basil was a Bishop here. Long. 64. 40. Lat. 41. 40.

Caket, a Kingdom and City of Georgia in Asia towards the Mountain Caucasus: Conquered by the King of Persia, and Govern'd under him by a Viceroy. The ruins that are to be seen in the City are suffient evidences of its former magnificence. This Country is properly the antient Iberia.

Calabria, Magna Graecia, Brutii Populi. This is the Name of an antient Province in the Kingdom of Naples in Italy; but now applyed to another, which is no part of that which had heretofore the name of Calabria. The antient Calabria was bounded on the North and East by the Adriatick Sea; on the South by the Salentins; and on the West by Apulia Pucetia, taking up that part of the Kingdom of Naples, which makes now the North of the Province of Otranto. The present Calabria, is a very large, and the most Southern Province of that Kingdom; itself a Dukedom, the Title of which was given to the Eldest Son of the King of Naples, whilst it remained a separate Kingdom. This is bounded on the North by the Basilicata, on the East by the Ionian Sea, on the West by the Tyrrhenian, and on the South by the Sicilian Streights. Its greatest length is from North to South; and it is one of the four principal Provinces of the Kingdom of Naples. Divided commonly into the Hither or Ʋpper (which is the more Northern), and the Further or Lower Calabria. The Saracens became Masters of it about the year 827. and were expell'd in the 11th. Century by the valour of the Celebrated Robert Guichard, a Norman; who from a Souldier of Fortune, made himself Duke of Puglia and Calabria about the year 1059. being the head of a Line, which soon after in the Person of Roger II. attained the Crowns of Naples and Sicily. Calabria is very subject to Earthquakes. There is an Historical relation of one particularly which continued more or less from 1638. to 1641.

Calahorra, Calaguris, Clunia, a City of the Old Castile in the Kingdom of Spain, upon the River Ebro, where it entertains the River Cidacos di Castella; built upon an Hill in the limits of the Kingdom of Navarr, and was first made a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tarragon, by Pope Alexander VI. in 1498. but afterwards Subjected to the Archbishop of Burgos. The Bishoprick of Calzada was united to this See in 1236. It lies 23 Leagues from Bajona to the South, in Long. 18. 50. Lat. 43. 26. Quintilian and Prudentius were both of this City. The antient Inhabitants of it, call'd Caliguritani, sustain'd a Siege against Pompey with so much obstinacy, as at last to kill their very Wifes and Children, and salt them like Pork, and Eat them for Provisions. Pliny mentions two Towns of this Name; Caligurris Nascica, and Caligurris Fibularia: the first was amongst the People of Husca: the other in the Country of the Gascons, as some interpret him.

Calais, Caletum, Portus Iccius, a strong Town of Picardy in France, at the entrance of the English Channel, right over-against Dover. Taken by Edward III. in 1347. after a siege of a 11 Months, and lost again by Q. Mary in less than a Fortnight, in 1557. till when for 210 years together, we had the Keys of France at our Girdles; and that Princess accordingly resented the loss, dying soon after of

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Grief, as it was thought, for it; saying not long before her death, that if she were opened they should find Calais at her Heart. Cardinal Albert took this Town from the French in 1596. but it was soon after by them recover'd, according to the Peace of Vervin in 1598. The Country adjacent had heretofore the Name of Caletes. The Long. is 23. 00. Lat. 51. 00.

Calama, Thyamus, a River of Epirus: it falls into the Ionian Sea, over against the Island of Ericusa, now Alicur; between Corfu to the North, and Cefalonia to the South.

Calama, or Calamata, an inland City of Africa, between Hippo to the East, and Cirta to the West. Often mentioned in the Writings of S. Austin. It was formerly an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Carthage.

Calamata, Thuria, a Fort, and an unwalled, but well Peopled Town on the South of the Morea in the Province of Belvedore; opposite to Coron, from whence, it is distant 40 English Miles by Sea. This Castle or Fort was taken by surprize in 1659. and deserted, but retaken in 1685. and is now Garrisoned by the Venetians. § Another in the Kingdom of Algiers in Africa, near the River Major.

Calamianes, an Island of the East-Indies, which lies between Borneo and the Philippine Islands; and is subject to a Prince of its own.

Calarauega, or Calaroga, a small Town in Old Castile in Spain, where S. Dominique de Guzman, the founder of the Order of the Preachers, was born.

Calatagirone, an inconsiderable small Town in the Island of Sicily, amongst the Mountains: built upon the ruins of the antient Calata: some speak of another of this Name in the same Island.

Calata•ud, a Town of Aragon in Spain. Built, as is supposed, by an Arab, who left his own Name to it. In Latin called Bilbilis Nova, from its situation near the ruins of the antient Bilbilis, between Saragossa and Medina Caeli. It stands in a Plain, but at the foot of a high Mountain, upon the River Zalon, which there receives the River Baubula. A large and handsom Town, in a fruitful Country, with a Castle to command and defend it.

Calatrava, Oretum, a City of New Castile in Spain, upon the River Guadiana, 15 Leagues South of Toledo. Taken from the Moors by Sanctius III. in 1158. who granting it to the Templars, they distrusting the strength of the place, resigned it up again to him. Whereupon two Cistercian Monks undertook to fortifie it, as they did in a short time; and upon a new Grant of it to their Order, they Instituted the Order of the Knights of Calatrava, for the defence of it, which was confirm'd by Pope Alexander III. This Order of Knights was begun in 1185. under Alphonsus the Noble: at first they had Masters of their Order, but in 1489 that Dignity was annexed to the Crown Paul III. granted them leave to Marry once. The Order hath 24 Mannors in Spain belonging to it. Their Habit was at first the same with that of the Cistercians, till Pope Benedict XIII. dispensed with it.

Calavar, a Village of the Province of Balagate, which is the last Province and Town the Mogul has towards the Kingdom of Orixia, of Golconda. In this place unreasonable Tolls are forced from Travellers. Thevenot.

Calcot, Calchutum, mentioned in the 7th. Tome of the Councils, for a Council here assembled in 787. under Gregory Bishop of Ostia, and Theophylact Bishop of Tali, the Legates of Pope Adrian I. But whether this be Calcot in Oxfordshire, or Calcot in Berkshire, or another, our Author is not express

Calder, a River in Yorkshire falling into the Ouse below York.

Calderino, a famous Bath, 10 Miles from Verona in Italy; ordinarily call'd the Bath of Verona.

Calecut, or Calicut, Calecutium, a Kingdom in the Promontory of Malabar in the East-Indies, taking its Name from a City seated on the Western Shoars. Long. 105. dog. Long. and Lat. 11. 22. It is under a Prince of its own, who has some other Kings Tributary to him. And inhabited by Pagans, Mahometans, Arabians, the Christians of S. Thomas, with the Converts of the Mission, as to the several Religions of the People. Not the King's Sons, but the King's Sisters Sons succeed to the Crown. The City is very great, and has no Walls; the European Merchants drive here a plentiful Trade. This was the first place in the East-Indies the Portuguese discovered in 1498. Where at first they were kindly received by the King; but afterwards he would have destroyed them at the instigation of some Arabian Merchants, which necessitated them to joyn with the King of Cochin against him. The English also have a good settlement here.

Calemberg, a Country in the Dutchy of Brunswick in the lower circle of Saxony, lying along the Weser: it is a part of the Style of the Duke of Brunswick. § a Mountain in Austria, extended from the Danube to the Save, and divided into divers parts under as many different names: in Latin, Caesius, Mons, understands the whole Mountain.

Calepio, Calepium, a Town near Bergamo in Italy upon the River Oglio, with a Vally to which it imparts its name. Ambrosius Calepinus was a Native of this Town.

Cales, Gadis. See Cadiz.

California, a vast Island of North America, in the South Sea near New Mexico, from which it is parted by the Purple Sea: 300 Spanish Leagues in length, and 60 in breadth. First discovered by Cortesius in 1535. In 1587. Captain Cavendish, an English Man, took near the South Cape of this Island a very rich Ship. In 1620. it was found to be an Island, which was thought before to be a part of the Continent: Sir Francis Drake in 1577. wintered in this Island, and took possession of it for his Mistress, calling it Nova Albion. Tho said to be exceeding fruitful, full of People, of a good and quiet humor and disposition, yet the Spaniards never attempted to settle here, till within about 7 years since. It is a dry and unfruitful Country: they fish for Pearl upon the Eastern Coast of it.

Calingae, an antient People of the East-Indies, mentioned by Pliny.

Calixine, Taniticum, one of the Mouths of the Nile.

Calear, a small but fine City in the Dutchy of Cleve in Germany, under the Dominion of the Duke of Brandenburg, upon the River Men, within one German Mile of the Rhine, 2 from the City of Cleve; a little further from Emeri•, and 4 from Wesel to the North.

Callao: or Callao de Lima, Callaum, a small Island upon the Coast of Peru over against the Port of Lima, with a Town in it and a Castle.

Callirh•e, a Fountain of Judea beyond Jordan mentioned by Josephus: its Waters are Medicinal, and yet very pleasant to drink; falling into the Lake Asphaltites. § Another in Attica, particularly taken notice of for flowing with 9 several Streams. Plin• and Pausanias mention divers others.

Callo, a Fort in Flanders, where the States Army received a sharp check in 1638.

Calmar, Calmaria, a very strong City of the Province of Smaland, upon the Baltick Sea over against

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the Isle of Oeland: strangely ruined by Fire in 1647. Thenarrow passage between it and Oeland is call'd, Calmarsund; it lies in Lat. 57. 00. Long. 37. 30. This City was taken by Christian IV. King of Denmark, with the slaughter of all the Inhabitants, saving those who fled into the Castle, in 1611.: but was recovered by a Treaty in 1613. by Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden. It has a good Port, where the Swedes ordinarily Embark for Germany: And the Cittadel carries the greatest Name of any in the North.

Calne, a Market-Town in VViltshire, which is the capital of its Hundred, upon a River of the same name, running from East to West into the Bristol Avon. There was a Synod held here in 977. where they say the Clergy presented complaints against St. Dunstan for his partiality to the Monks: but whilst the Cause was in debate, the Roof of the House fell, and St. Dunstan alone escaped unhurt. This Corporation returns two Burgesses to the Parliament.

Caloieron Oros, Olympius, Maesinus, a Mountain now called the Monks Mount by the Greeks, and Geschidag by the Turks, as Leunclavius saith; it stands in the Confines of Bithynia, directly South of the famous City of Nice, and not far from it.

Calojero, Atalantia, a small Island lying near Negropont.

Calopinica, Taurocinium, a River of Calabria, which falls into the Straits of Sicily, between the Promontory of Armi, and the City of Regio.

Calore, Calor, a River of the Principate in the Kingdom of Naples, which riseth from the Apennine, washeth Benevento, and then falls into the Sabbato.

Calpe, one of the Pillars of Hercules; being a high Mountain in the Kingdom of Andalusia in Spain, opposite to the antient Abila upon the Coast of Africk.

Calpurt, Colchis, a City of Armenia.

Calsery, a small Town in the Kingdom of Iamba in the East-Indies, under the Great Mogul; about 25 Leagues from the Ganges: understood by some to be the Batan Caesara of Ptolomy.

Calvary, Golgotha, the holy Mount near the Walls of Jerusalem to the South, on which our Saviour dyed. It is believed by divers of the Greek and Latin Fathers, that Adam was buryed, and that Abraham offered to Sacrifice his Son Isaac here. Adrian the Emperor, in derision of Christianity, caused the Idols of Jupiter and Venus to be Erected upon it; which Constantine the Great and Helena his Mother demolished, in the same place building a Church (called Martyrion at first, now S. Sepulchre) not inferiour to the most beautiful one in the World. The Christian Princes have many times bestowed great Benefactions upon this Church. The Emperor Heraclius reedified it in 628. after it had been ruined by Chosroes King of Persia in 615, at his taking of Jerusalem. The renowned Godfrey of Bouillon made large Additions to it in 1099. There are distinct Apartments in it for the Latin, the Greek, the Armenian, the Syrian, the Cophtite, and the Abyssine Christians: who show you a Chappel, where the Cross stood that bore the Sacrifice of our Saviours Body, called the Chappel of the Crucifixion: the place where he was Embalmed, according to the custom of the Jews; the place where he is said first to appear to the Blessed Virgin after his Resurrection, called the Chappel of the Apparition; the Rock out of which his Sepulchre was hewn, and the Tomb itself illuminated with 62 Lamps that burn continually. Here are the Tombs of Godfrey of Bouillon the first King of Jerusalem, and Baldwin I. his Brother, who succeeded him in that Crown.

Calvi, Cales, a small City in the Terra di Lavoro, in the Kingdom of Naples, 6 Miles North of Capoua; which tho it has not much above 20 Houses, is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Capoua. It withstood a Siege against the French and Turks in 1555. the Antients called it Cales. § a Town in the Island of Corsica with a Port and a considerable Fortress to the Gulph of the same name, under the Genouese.

Calydon, an antient City of Aetolia in Greece; sometime adorned with an Episcopal See, and the Title of the Capital of the Country; giving Name to a Forest therein. § Also the antient Appellation of a part of Scotland towards the County of Perth, in which Dunkeld stands: see Dunkeld. The same continuing to the Northern Sea to this Day.

Calydoni, a little Castle in the Vicentine in Italy, whence a Noble Family of Vicenza derives their Name.

Calzada, Calciata, a small City in old Castile in Spain; once a Bishops See, which is now removed to Calahorra, from whence it lies 12 Spanish Leagues to the West. It is sometimes called S. Domingo de la Calzada, from the great Devotion of People to S. Dominick there. Henry II. King of Castile, dyed here in the year 1379.

Calzan, Calzun, the Arabian Gulph.

Camala, Emisa. See Hama.

Camarina, an antient Town of the Island of Sicily, built in the year of Rome 150. according to Eusebius, and long since ruined; leaving only its name to a River in the same Island. Its situation near the purulent Lake of Camerina obliging the Inhabitants to drain that Lake up, whereby the Enemy obtained a Passage to take the Town, occasioned the known Proverb Camarinam movere.

Camb or Kamp, Cambus, a River of the Upper Austria in Germany, springing towards the Frontiers of Bohemia, and ending in the Danube.

Cambaia, the Capital of the Kingdom of Guzurat; and a noble Port, lying in a very great Bay of the same Name; now subject to the great Mogul; the City lies in Long 105. Lat. 22. 30. and is one of the greatest, the richest, the best traded Cities in the East-Indies; seated in a fruitful Soil, and full of People: commonly called the Cairo of the Indies; whence the Kingdom of Guzerate is often named the Kingdom of Cambaia. It is walled with a fair Wall of Free-stone, hath very large Houses, straight and broad Streets; greater than Surat, being ten Leagues in compass; and hath 3 Basars or Market places, and 4 noble Tanks or Cisterns, able to find the Inhabitants Water all the year: tho there is 7 fathom Water in the Haven at high water, yet at low water the Ships lie dry in the Sand and Mud, which cover the bottom of it. The Inhabitants are partly Heathens, partly Mahometans. And in 1638. the English had here a Factory, as Mandelslo acquaints us; from whom the latter part of this Description is taken.

Cambala, a City in China. See Peking: some represent it to be 24 Italian Miles in compass. Cambalu is the Mascovian and Saracen Name for it, Peking the Indian.

Cambaya, Camboya or Camboge, a Kingdom in the East-Indies, over against the Isle of Borneo; bounded on the West with the Kingdom of Siam, and on the East with that of Cochin. It is Tributary to the King of Siam. This Kingdom is almost equally divided by a vast River, which in July and August overflows all the Country, as the Nile doth Egypt. The King of it is a great Friend to the Portuguese, as he of Siam is to the Dutch. Upon the most Eastern Branch (for there are 3) of the River mentioned before, stands Cambodia the principal City, built upon a rising Ground to prevent the yearly Deluges.

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This Kingdom is extream fruitful, but not potent, the King not being able to bring above 25 or 30000 Men into the Field: first discoverd by Alphonso d'Albuquerque in 1511. as Mandelslo saith. Cambodia lies in Long. 135. 00. Lat. 10, 35.

Cambray, Cameracum, called by the Flandrians Camerick, a City of Hainault upon the Schold; Guicciardin saith it is a great, fair, strong City, and has a strong Castle built by Charles V. That it abounds in excellent publick Buildings, especially the Cathedral is very great and beautiful: that it is populous and rich, and was a very antient Bishoprick, under the Archbishop of Rhemes; but in 1559. exempted by Pope Paul IV. and erected into an Archbishoprick. The first place the French possessed themselves of, after they came out of Germany, in 1445. After this it became an Imperial City and continued so till Charles V. in 1543. built a Cittadel in it, and annexed it to his own Dominions. The French, who all along pretended a Right to it, at last in 1677. took it by force after a sharp defence. The Archbishops are honored with the style of Dukes of Cambray, Earls of Cambresis, and Princes of the Empire. Cambresis is a considerable Territory betwixt Picardy, Flanders, Artois, and Hainault: extreamly fruitful, and adorned with a Castle of its own Name, in which Henry II. of France and the King of Spain Celebrated that Treaty of Peace in 1559. which the French say was most disadvantageous to them. It lies 4 Leagues from Doway South, in Long. 26. 06. Lat. 49 45.

Cambria, the antient Name of the Principality of Wales: more especially of the Western part thereof towards Ireland.

Cambridgeshire, hath on the East Suffolk and Norfolk, on the West Huntington and Bedford, on the South Hartford, and on the North Lincolnshire; the River Ouse divides it almost in the midst. Towards the South end of the County lies the Town which gives it its Name. Mr. Camden saith it is called Camboritum, being seated upon the East Bank of the River Cam, which is here passed by a Bridge. This is one of the antientest and noblest Universities in Christendom; having 16 Colleges and Halls endowed, or Nurseries in it of Piety and Learning; the most antient of which is Peter House, founded in 1257. by Hugh Balsham, a Sub-Prior; before which time there was only Hostels, wherein the Scholars maintained themselves. This place sends 4 Burgesses to the Parliament, 2 for the Town, and 2 for the University. It has been dignified with the Title of an Earldom in several eminent Persons; and lately of a Dukedom in 4 Sons of King James II. when Duke of York, who all dyed very young. Long. 21. 49. Lat. 52. 30. § The English have given the Name of Cambridge to a Town in New England also, situated upon the River Merrimick, and beautified with several fair Streets, besides 2 Colleges, in which they aim at the Figure of an University.

Camelford, a Market-Town in the County of Cornwal in the Hundred of Lesnewth.

Camerino, Camerinum, an Episcopal City in the Marca Anconitana, in the Dominions of the Church. Seated at the foot of the Apennine, upon the River Chiento, which entereth the Adriatick Sea, 25 Miles South of Ancona. This was a considerable place in the time of the antient Romans; and has sometime since born the Title of a Dukedom. Leander gives it a strong Situation and plenty of People, which last is rarely found in these Italian inland Cities. He says also, there was another Town of this Name in Campagnia di Roma, which they call now Camerota. It lies 24 Miles East of Spoleto. Long. 36. 43. Lat. 42. 47.

Camin, Caminum, a small City in the further Pomerania, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Gnisen, whereas heretofore it belonged to Magdeburg. It stands on the Eastern Shoar of the River Diwenow [Odera] over against the Island of Wolinsche, not above a Mile from the Baltick Sea, and about 7 from Stetin to the North. This belongs to the Duke of Brandenburgh, by the Treaty of Westphalia, and has imbraced the Augustan Confession. Long. 39. 30. Lat. 54 12.

Caminiec. See Kaminieck.

Campagnano, Campaniano, Acheron, a River of the Province of Calabria, flowing from the Apennine and falling into the Tyrrhenian Sea, about 8 Miles South of Amantea, over against Stromboli; a flaming Mountain in an Island of that Name.

Campagna, a City of the Kingdom of Naples, in the Principato, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Conza; with the Title of a Marquisate. It stands between the Rivers of Atro and Tuza, 16 Miles from Salerno to the East, and 11 from the Shoars of the Mediterranean Sea to the East also.

Campagnia di Roma, a Province of Italy, under the Dominion of the Pope; on the West it has S. Peters Patrimony, on the North Sabina, on the South the Mediterranean Sea, and on the East the Kingdom of Naples; Rome itself stands in this Province, and it contains the far greatest part of the antient Latium; the inland parts are fruitful and populous; those towards the Sea are little inhabited, by reason of the unwholsomness of the Air, tho otherwise the Country is plain and fruitful enough.

Campanir, Astacapra, a City of the hither East-Indies.

Campden, a Market-Town in Gloucestershire in the Hundred of Kistgate: the Earl of Gainesborough, Viscount Campden has a Seat here.

Campen, Campania, a Town in Stiria. § There is another of the same Name in Over-Yssel in the Low Countries, upon the Western Banks of the Yssel, near the Zuider Zee, 5 Miles from Daventer to the North-East. It was heretofore an Imperial free City, but long since exempted, and under the States General. In 1672. taken by the French, and the year following deserted. It is a great, lovely, and important place; and was the Birthplace of Albertus Pighius, a very learned Man. Long. 27. 14. Lat. 52. 42.

Campiano, a small Town in the State of the Valley of Taro in Italy, near the River Taro. It is an important Pass, and therefore carefully fortified by the Duke of Parma.

Campeach, a City belonging to the Spaniards, in the West-Indies, taken by Captain Mynnes an English Man in 1662, being deserted by the Inhabitants. The English took here 50 peices of Canon, 14 Ships, and the Governor Prisoner.

Campus Piorum, a celebrated place in the Island of Sicily, near Catania: so called from the 2 Brothers Amphinomus and Anapus, that carried their Father and Mother upon their Shoulders hither out of the flames of Aetna. Val. Max.

Cana, a Town in the Tribe of Zabulon in Galilee in the Holy Land: heretofore famous for the first Miracle of our Saviours operation on Earth, at the Marriage of Simon Zelotes according to N•cephorus Calixtus, or of S. John the Evangelist, according to others. Now a poor Village inhabited by none but Turks. For the Church which Helena the Mother of Constantine, built in the place of that House where our Saviour celebrated the Marriage, has been long since converted into a Mosque. Nathanael was an Inhabitant of this Town.

Canada, New France, a large Country in the North America, discovered first by the French, and

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by them inhabited. It lies North of New-England. Quebec is the chief Colony of it. The Savages speak different Languages: and here, as in other parts of America, they have a custom to eat their Enemies taken in War; a fate that particularly befel John Verrazan a Florentine, who first took possession of this Country in the name of Francis I. King of France in 1525. There is a very great River of the same Country, already known to run 500 Leagues, full of large Islands, and about 30 Leagues broad at the mouth, called Canada by the Natives, by the French S. Lawrence, from their entrance into it upon that day. The Saguenay and the Three Rivers fall into its Channel from the North.

Cananor, a Kingdom in the Promontory of Malabar, on this side the Ganges in the East-Indies; abutting upon the River Gangerocora; 25 Leagues in length along the Coast, with a City of the same Name sometime since taken by the Hollanders. The Islands of Divandurou and Malicut amongst the Maldives are subject to this King.

Canara, a Kingdom on this side the Gulph of Bengala in the East-Indies in the Promontory of Malabar, separated from the Kingdom of Malabar to the South by the River Gangerocora, and from that of Cuncan to the North by the River Aliga. It is Tributary to the Great Mogul: by some called Tulamar, and at perpetual Enmity with the Kingdom of Malabar.

Canary Isles, Canariae, are 7 Islands over against the Coast of Lybia Interior, so called from Canaria, the principal of the number, in which the Spanish Governor resides; being about 20 Leagues in circuit, and ennobled with a large, handsom, populous City of the same Name, which is an Episcopal See. These were called by the Antients the Fortunate Islands, in general: but their particular Names are Canaria, Teneriff, the Isle of Palmes, the Isle of Iron, Fuerte-Ventura, Gomera, and Lancelote; and because a great number of Dogs was found in them in antient times, therefore says Pliny, they had all the Name of the Canaries. In one of these the first Meridian is usually fixed, viz. Teneriff. They are are much frequented for their excellent Wines, and Merchandises, by the English and other Nations. After the knowledg of them had been lost for many Ages, they were first discovered again in 1330. Vid. Azores. About the year 1344. Lewis de la Cerda, Grandson to Alphonsus X. King of Castile and Earl of Clermont, undertaking the Conquest of them, thereby to introduce the Christian Faith, was Crowned King of the Canaries by Pope Clement VI. He in his design failing, they were afterwards granted to John Betancourt, according as it is already remarked under the Word Azores.

Canathus, a Fountain in the Morea, in the Province of Napoli di Romania, celebrated by the antient Poets for a Fiction of Juno's washing herself every year therein to restore her Virginity. § Also a City in Caelosyria in Asia, which has sometime been a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Bastro, mentioned by Ptolomy.

Canavese, a Country in the principality of Piedmont, betwixt the City Juraea and the River Po: yielded to the Duke of Savoy by the Treaty of Querasque in 1631.

Canche, Cantius, Quentia, a River of Picardy, springing near Blavincour in Artois, passing by Ligny sur Canche, receiving the Ternois at Hesdin, and falling into the Ocean at Montreuil and Estaples.

Cancheu, a great City in the Province of Kiangsi in China, with a Territory of the same Name that is honored with the Government of a Viceroy, (distinct from the Viceroy of Kiangsi) who resides in this City, and commands also some Towns in the Provinces adjacent of Fokien, Quantung and Huquang. It is a place of extraordinary Trade and concourse.

Cande, or Candes, Candensis Vicus, a Town in the Province of Touraine in France, upon the Loyre; where S. Martin the Bishop, so much extolled by Sulpitius Severus who writes his Life, dyed Nov. 11. An. Dom. 400. § Likewise a River in Languedoc falling into the Aveirou.

Candea or Candi, the most considerable Kingdom in the Island of Ceylan in the East-Indies; and a great and populous City, the capital thereof, upon the River Trinquilemale.

Candei, an antient People of the Gulph of Arabia, call'd heretofore Ophiomages, from their eating of Serpents.

Candelaro, a River of the Kingdom of Naples, springing out of the Apennine Mountains in the Capitanata, and ending in the Adriatick near Manfredonia;

Candelona, or Candelora, a Town and principality in the Province of Caramania in the lesser Asia. The Town stands upon the Bay of Laiazzo, between the lesser Asia and Syria, eight Miles from Antioch to the North, and 5 from Scanderoon to the South.

Candia, Creta, Jovis Insula in Virgil (being heretofore consecrated to him) is one of the noblest Islands in the Mediterranean Sea, lying opposite to the Mouth of the Archipelago. In Length from East to West two hundred and fifty Miles, in Breadth sixty, in Circuit five hundred and forty. Heretofore it was full of a hundred potent Cities, and thence call'd Hecatompolis, most of which are now ruined. To omit the more antient Story of this Island; it was granted by Baldwin Earl of Flanders to the Earl of Montisferat, who in 1194. sold it to the Venetians. Others say, that when the Latins in 1204 took Constantinople, this and the other Islands in the Aegean Sea fell to the Venetians for their share. In 1645. the Turks invaded it, and in 1669. by taking of Candia possess'd themselves of all but two or three Forts upon the Sea. The inland Parts are very mountainous, yet fruitful, especially of Wines and other such Fruits; but it wants Corn. Whilst it was under the Venetians, it was so populous, that they might raise in it 60000 Men. The Language there then used was the vulgar Greek, and they were accordingly of the Greek Church, though with a mixture of the Latin Service in some places. Now divided into four Territories or jurisdictions, call'd Candia, Canea, Rettina, and Sittia, from the four Principal Cities in it of those Names. Long. 51. Lat. 34. §. Candia, the chief City of the Isle of Crete, called by the Greeks Castro, and Candax, was an Archbishop's See, great, rich and populous, as long as it continued in the Hands of the Venetians. And stood the longest Siege against the Turks of any place in the World, but was at last forced to submit, September 27. 1669. upon Conditions very honourable, after a Blockade of 22 Years, from 1645. to 1667.

and a Siege of two more; from 1667. to 1669. In which space the Turks are thought to have lost about 600000 Men before it. It lies on the Northern shoar of that Island, something nearer to the Western End. The Labyrinth of Minos in a Grott cut out of a Rock is yet to be seen here.

Canea, an Episcopal City in the Island of Candia, and the Capital of an adjacent Territory denominated from it. Taken by the Turks, Aug. 26. 1645. which loss was an Introduction to the long Blockade and Siege of Candia.

Canesham, a Market-Town in Somersetshire, seated at the fall of the River Chire into the Avon, near Bristol.

Cangria. See Gangra.

Canisa. See Kanisa.

Cannares, Savages of Peru, in the Province of Quito.

Cannae, Cannata des•rutta in Italian, is a ruined small Town in the Province of Apulia in Italy; where Hannibal engaging the Romans in a bloody Battle, slew 40000 of them upon the Place in the Year of Rome 558. with Paulus Aemilius Consul, and so many Gentlemen, that he sent to Carthage three Bushels of Rings as a Token of his vast Victory.

Cannes, a Town in Provence in France, to the Sea, over against the Lerin Islands; misunderstood by Cluverius to be the Oxibius Portus of Strabo, because it has no Port.

Cannibals, the Savages of the Caribby Islands, notorious for eating their Enemies, whether taken alive or slain in the Field.

Cano, or Ghana, a Kingdom in Nigritia in Africa, bounded by the River Niger to the South, the Kingdom of Cassena to the East, the Agades to the West, and the Desart to the North. The Capital City bears the same Name with it and stands upon a Lake.

Canopus, an antient City of Aegypt, towards that Mouth of the Nile which is distinguished by the same Name. It has been an Episcopal See formerly; and in the opinion of some Authors, the Country of the Poet Claudian. The modern Bochira, near Alexandria, is supposed to be this antient Place under a new Name.

Canosa, Canusium, an antient City in the Terra di Bari in the Kingdom of Naples, with an Episcopal See that is united to the Archbishoprick of Bari; five Miles from the Ruines of Cannae, upon the Ascent of a Hill with the River Ofanto at the Foot of it. Horace gives the Character of Bilingues to its Inhabitants in the old Roman Times, because the Language they spoke was an ill mixture of Latin and Greek. It was a famous place for fine Russet colour'd Cloath; whence the Word Canusinati in Martial for such as wore of it. In this City the Emperor Henry IV. having been excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII. rendred himself to the Pope's Discretion, and thereupon received Absolution in the Year 1077. §. This is also the name of a County in the Modenese in Italy, near Parmesan.

Canstat, a small City in the Dukedom of Wirtemburg, upon the River Necker, within one Mile of Stuttgard, and five of Pfortzhaim to the East.

Cantabri, an antient Valiant People of Spain, being those properly of the Provinces of Guipuscoa and Biscay, who withstood Augustus in several Rencounters, and at last kill'd themselves rather than to submit to Servitude.

Canterbury, Cantuaria, Darvernum, Dorovernia, is the principal City in the County of Kent; very antient, and without doubt (saith Mr. Camden) famous in the times of the Roman Empire. It stands on the Eastern Shoar of the River Stour, called by the British •uvwhern; from whence it had its antient Names. Being the Royal Seat of the Kings of Kent, when Augustine the Monk came over to convert them, it by that Means became the Metropolitan See of England. The Bodies of eight Kings lye interr'd in the Cathedral as likewise the Body of Thomas Becke• the famous Roman-Catholick Saint, once Archbishop of this See. There has been several Provincial Councils celebrated here. The Coronation of King John and Queen Isabel his Wife, the Marriages of Henry II. and Edward I. were all performed here. Augustine the first Archbishop was consecrated in 568. Dr. William Sancroft the LXXVII. in this Succession, was consecrated Jan, 27. 1677. It lies in Long. 24. 51. Lat. 51. 16. Two Burgesses are elected for the Parliament by the Corporation.

Canton, a Province and City in the East of China, suppos'd to be the Cattigara of Ptolemy; which, tho the least of their Metropolitan Cities, is yet beautified with many triumphant Arches, large Streets, and goodly Bridges over a Navigable River running on the South side of it; also fortified with deep Ditches, eight Bulwarks, and seated in a rich and plentiful Soil. The Portugals drive here (saith Dr. Heylin) a wealthy Trade, being permitted in the day time to come into the City, but at night excluded and forced to find Lodgings in the Suburbs. This City lies in Alvares Samodo's Map about Long. 125. and about 26. Lat. According to others, in Long. 170.00. Lat. 24.00. See Quancheu.

The Switz Cantons, See Switzerland.

Capace, or Capaccio, Caput Aqueum, a City of the Principatus Citerior in the Kingdom of Naples; and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Salerno, in the place of Pesti, which was ruined by Frederick the Emperor in 1249. though since rebuilt again. This City lies 22 Miles from Salerno to the South, in Long. 38 52. Lat. 40. 28.

Caparra, Capara, a City of Extremadura in the Kingdom of Leon in Spain, which stands in the middle between Emerita, now Merida, and Placentia.

Cap-D-Aguer, the same with Santa Cruz in Africa.

Capelan, a Mountain in the Kingdom of Pegu beyond the Gulph of Bengala in the East-Indies. A Quarry of Precious Stones of divers Colours is found within it.

La Capelle, a Fortress in the Territory of Tierache within the Province of Picardy, towards the Frontiers of Hainault; built in the last Age to oppose the Incursions of the Low-Countries; about a League from the River Oyse. It has been many times taken and retaken.

Capernaum, or Capharnaum, the Metropolitan City heretofore of Galilee, in the Tribe of Naphtali, towards the Borders of Zabulon, near the Mouth of Jordan, and upon the Coast of the Sea of Tiberias; where our Saviour first began to preach. S. Matthew was a Publican here, when called to be an Apostle. Since Solyman reduc'd this City into Ashes, it has only been inhabited by a few Moors, who ask Money of the Pilgrims that goe to visit the holy Places.

Capes, a River of the Kingdom of Tunis in Africa, springing from Mount Atlas, and discharging it self into the Mediterranean near a Town call'd Capes, where it makes a Gulph of the same Name.

Caphareus, a famous Promontory on the East point of the Isle of Negropont, otherwise now call'd Capo del oro and Capo Figera, very dangerous to navigate. The Grecian Navy, seduc'd by N•upl••s King of Eubaea by a false Light in revenge of the Death of his Son Palimedes by Ʋlysses, being all said to have been shipwrack'd upon these Rocks.

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Capitanata, a Province of the Kingdom of Naples, which in the more antient times was call'd Apulia Daunia: bounded on the North and East with the Adriatick Sea, on the West with the County of Molise, and on the South with the Principatus Ʋlterior, the Basilicata, and the Bariano: a very fruitful well watered Country; the chief City is Manfredonia.

The Capitol, Capitolium, a famous Fortress▪ of Old Rome, founded by Tarquinius Prisous in the year of Rome 139. Perfected by Tarquinius Superbus in the year 221. Burnt in the Reign of Vitellius. Rebuilt by Vespasian. Burnt again by Lightning under Titus, and reedified with very great pomp by Domitian, who constituted a Quinquennial Celebration of Games, (which became an Aera) by the Name of Agones Capitolini, after the manner of the Olympiads. Jupiter had a Temple here in his honour, whence they denominated him Capitolinus. In this place the Christians have built a Church call'd Ara Caeli, dedicated to the B. Virgin Mary.

Capo D' Istria, Caput Istriae, Aegida, the capital City of the Province of Histria in Italy. See Cabo d'Istria.

Capo, Cabo, cap, Cape de—Aden, Ammonium, a Promontory in Arabia Foelix, next to Africa, in Long. 76. 30.

—de Alguer, Atlantis, in Mauritania Tingittana.

—de Bona Speranza, of Good Hope. Is a famous Promontory upon the most Southern Part of Africa: first discovered by Bartholomew Diaz, a Portuguese, in 1487. in 32 of Southern Lat. 50 of Long. It had this name given it by Emanuel then King of Portugal, because he hoped by the doubling it, a passage would be open by Sea to the East-Indies, as it came to pass to the great enriching of his Kingdom. The Hollanders near this Cape have a settlement of about 100 Houses with a strong Fort. The Natives are divided into several distinct Nations.

—of Cornwall, or the Lands End; the most Western Point of England.

—di Corso, a Promontory in Corsica.

—di Faro, Pelorum, the most Northern Cape of Sicily.

—of Farewel, in Greenland.

—di Formoso, in Guinea.

—de Sierra Liona, Hesperium Cornu, supposed to be the most Western Point of Africa known to the Antients; 70 Spanish Leagues beyond the most Southern Mouth of the River Niger.

—de Verde, the most, Western Point of Africa in the Division of Nigritia, South to the Mouth of the River Senega, in 14 deg. of Lat. There is an innumerable number of other Capes, which the Brevity of this Work will not admit. The Islands of Capo de Verde are a knot of small Islands, (by some taken for the Hesperides, by some for the Gorgades of the Antients,) lying demicircularly with the Points to the Sea, 150 Leagues off of Cape Verde: under the Portuguese, but not all inhabited.

Capoua, Capua, a City and Archbishoprick in the Kingdom of Naples, in the Province Di Lavoro, at the foot of Mount Tifata: 16 Miles North of Naples, and 12 from the Tyrrhenian Sea, in Long. 38. 04. Lat. 41. 00. A City that was never fortunate, and is now declining into ruins. It was built by the Lombards upon the River Voltorno, and advanced to a Bishoprick by P. John XIV, in 968. Two Leagues from the Ruines of the famous antient Capoua, that delicious City, as they call'd it, which compared itself with Rome and Carthage, and so debauched the Army of Hannibal with its pleasures, in one Winter that they quartered there after the Battle of Cannae, that they were not capable of beating the Romans any more. In 1118▪ Pope Gelasius II. held a Council here, in which the Emperour Henry V. was Excommunicated, together with Gregory VIII. an Antipope.

Cappadocia, a Province of Asia Minor, bounded to the East by the Lesser Armenia, to the South Cilicia, to the West Pamphylia and Galatia, and to the North by the Euxine Sea. It has been twice a Kingdom. The first time for 470 years successively, till the Romans overcame and changed it into a Province. The second, from the 12th▪ Century to the year 1461. by the Title of the Kingdom of Trebisonde from the City Trebisonda, till Mahomet II. Emperour of the Turks took and carri'd the King prisoner into Greece. It is now known by the name of Tocat. See Tocat.

Capraia, Capraria, Aegilium, is a small Island in the Tyrrhenian Sea, on the Confines of the States of Genoua, between the Coast of Italy to the East, and the Island of Corsica to the West: to which last it belongs, and is therefore subject to the State of Genoua: it is 18 Miles in compass, and has a Castle for its security against Pyrats: full of Mountains, but yet not barren nor unpeopled; and chiefly abounds in Goats, (from whence it hath its Name,) and excellent Wines: 36 Miles South from the States of Genoua, and 24 from Corsica. There is another Island of the same Name in the Adriatick Sea upon the Coast of Apulia; and La Palma, one of the Canary Islands, was antiently call'd Capraria.

Caprarola, a stately and magnificent Palace in S. Peters Patrimony in Italy, 25 miles from Rome, near Viterbo, belonging to the D. of Parma and built in the last Age by Cardinal Alexander Farnese. It is particularly remark'd for a whispering Room in it, where four Persons at several Corners shall understand the lowest whispers of one to another, whilst those in the middle of the Room cannot here a word that is said. It is one of the noblest structures in all Italy.

Capri, Caprea, an Island belonging to the Kingdom of Naples, famous for the Secession of Tiberius Caesar, who lived here in great privacy in the latter part of his Reign, spending his time in Debauchery and Villany. It lies in the Tyrrhenian Sea, at the Mouth of the Bay of Naples, about 3 miles from the Cape of Campanella, and is about 12 in compass. The chief Town of it is called by the same Name, and is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Amalfi; seated at the South End of the Island. The Bishops best revenue comes from Quails, which twice in the year resort in vast numbers to this Island; whence some have called him the Bishop of Quails. This Island is much mentioned in the Writers of the Life of Tiberius, and other Roman Historians.

Capsa, an antient Town in Libya Interior, defended by the Sands and Serpents of the Desarts that environ it on all sides better than any Walls and Ramparts could do, say Salust and Florus.

Carabes, Pelusium, the most Eastern Mouth of the Nile.

Carabogaana, one of the Names of Moldavia.

Caragoza, Caesar Augusta. See Saragoza.

Caraman, Caramania, a Province of the Lesser Asia, extended from East to West upon the Mediterranean Sea, opposite to the Isle of Cyprus; this Country had heretofore Princes of its own, but has now for many Ages been subject to the Turks; it includes the antient Provinces of Cilicia, Pamphylia, and a part of Caria. One of the potentest Viceroys or Beglerbegs of the Turkish Empire, takes his Title from this Province, tho his Jurisdiction is somewhat larger. The principle Cities in it are Cogni, Antiochia, and Satulia.

Caramit, Amida, Ammaea, the capital City of Mesopotamia, which is an Archbishops See upon the River Tigris. Heretofore called Constantia, from Constantius the Emperour. The Romans in this place received a great defeat by the Parthians. Long. 75. 00. Lat. 39. 30. according to the latest Maps. It is secured with good Walls, and 360 Towers.

Caragues, Salvages of Peru in the Province of Quito, towards the Coasts of the South Sea.

Caratcholi, or Karakioles, a People about the Mountain Caucasus in Asia, descended from the Hunns, and speaking the Turkish Language.

Caravacca, or Crux de Caravacca, (so called from a miraculous Crucifix there preserved, which they pretend was brought from Heaven by an Angel) is a Village amongst the Mountains in the Kingdom of Murcia in Spain, near the River Segura, upon the Borders of Old Castile.

Caravaggio, a Town in the Dutchy of Milan in Italy upon the Borders of the Bergamasco: Where Francis Sforza, Duke of Milan, gain'd a signal Victory over the Venetians in 1446.

Carbury, a Town and Barony in the County of Kildare in Ireland: and another Town in the County of Cork.

Carcanossi, a fruitful and well cultivated Country in the South of the Isle of Madagascar, where the French have established some Colonies not long since.

Carcassonne, Carcassum, Volcarum, Tectosagum, a City and Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Narbonne, upon the River▪ Atax, l' Aude, a little above its confluence with the Fresquel. Famous for Cloathing, and other mechanick Trades. It stands 5 Leagues South of Aleth, having a Castle. Long. 23. 05. Lat. 42. 40. The Diocese belonging to this City is called Le Comte de Carcassonne, the Earldom of Carcassone. The antient Earls whereof were great protectors and favourers of the Albigenses: Whence One came to be Massacred in the Church at Besiers in 1167. and a Second had his Estate confiscated to the Earl of Monfert, by a Decree of the Synod of Mountpellier in 1214. and afterwards of the grand Council of Lateran in 1215.

Carcinatus, or Carentus, the Western Bay of the Euxine Sea, which shuts the passage into the Crim Tartary, in that Neck of Land which makes it a Peninsula; and is defended by the Fort Pericop, that gives name to the whole Nation there.

Cardaillac, a Town and very antient Barony in the County of Quercy in France near Figeac, upon the Borders of Auvergne. Adanced afterwards to the honour of a Marquisate.

Cardiff, a fine Town in the County of Glamorgan in Wales, upon the South Side of the River Taf, 2 Miles from the Sea; to which belongs a very commodious Haven. This Town was fortified with a Wall and a Castle, by one Fitz-Haimon, a great Man in these parts. Here Robert, eldest Son to William the Conquerour, died after a long Imprisonment. It returns one Burgess to the Parliament. The Earl of Pembrook has a Seat here.

Cardiganshire, or Caerdiganshire, is a County in Wales lying along the Coast of the Irish Sea, and taking its Name from Cardigan, the Capital of it, which returns one Burgess to the English Parliament. A Town pleasantly situated, within 2 Miles of the River Tivy; which divides the County from Caermarthenshire and Pembrokeshire on the South, as the Rivers Torvi and Dovi divide it from Merionethshire and Brecknockshire to the East. The Tivy is well stored with Salmon.

Cardona, a Castle in Catalonia in Spain, built upon a River called the Cardoner, where there are several Mines of Salt, and which gives the Title of a Duke to the Family de Folch. It stands 3 Leagues from Solsona to the South.

Carelia, or Karelen, a Province of the Kingdom of Sweden in Finland, extended upon the Gulph of Finland. Heretofore in part under the Muscovites, but now entirely under the Swedes. Vibourg is the capital City of it.

Caremboule, a Country on the South of the Island of Madagascar, lying betwixt the Divisions of the Ampatres and the Mahafales. It is very good Pasturage.

Carencia, a Town of the antient Rugij, upon the Coast of the Baltick Sea, in Pomerania. Heretofore notorious for Three Temples dedicated to Three of the most monstrous and horrible Idols, that ever were invented amongst the Heathens.

Carentan, a Town of Normandy, upon a River of the same Name, 3 Leagues from the British Sea, and 4 from Constance to the North; which has a very strong Castle. It gives the Title of a Viscount. And was both taken and retaken in the Civil Wars of that Kingdom.

Carfagniana, Carferoniana, Grafiniana, a Valley in the States of the Duke of Florence in Italy amongst the Apennine Mountains; betwixt the States of Lucca, Regio, and Modena.

Caridia, a small Town and Gulph in the Province of Romania in the Morea, about 10 Leagues from Gallipoli, upon the Archipelago. Heretofore a more considerable place, and known to the Antients under the Name Cardiopolis.

Caria. See Aidinelli. It may be remembred, that a Council of 34 Bishops assembled in this Province in the year 366. rejected the Doctrine of the Consubstantiality of Christ with the Father, to approve of the Confessions of Faith made at the Councils of Antioch and Seleucia. § Also an antient City of the Morea, whose Inhabitants uniting with the Persians in a War once against Greece, rendred themselves so odious to their Country, that their City was rased, their Men put to the Sword and their Women treated with all manner of ignominy.

Cary, Incarus, a small Port in Provence in France, 3 Miles from Marseille to the West; famous for nothing but its Antiquity.

Cariati, Cariatum, a City of Calabria Citerior in the Kingdom of Naples, upon the Gulph of Tarento, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Santa Sa•erina, from which it lies 20 Miles from the North, in Long. 41. 36. Lat. 39. 30. It is small, yet gives the Title of a Principality to the Family di Spinella.

Caribes, or the Cariby Islands, are a knot of small Islands, whose numbers are not certainly known: they lie extended like a Bow from the Coast of Paria in America, to the Isle of Rico Porto.

Carignan, a Principality and City in Piedmont, situated upon the Po, which is here covered with a good Bridge, betwixt Turin and Carmagnole: In a fruitful Soil, and defended with a Castle.

Carin, Cyrrhus, a City of Syria, which had its antient Name from Cyrus the Founder of it: first a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Hierapolis; afterwards a Metropolis under the Patriarch of Antioch; seated upon the River Marsyas, now Quars, which falls into the Euphrates at Samosat; 45 Miles from Zeugma to the North-East, and as many from the Euphrates to the West, and 25 from Aleppo to the North. Long. 70. 10. Lat. 36. 00.

Carinola, Calenum, a small City in the Province di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Capua but the City is almost desolate, by reason of the unhealthfulness of its situation. It stands at the foot of Mount Massico, 4 Miles from the Shoars of the Tyrrheman Sea, and 25 North of Naples; giving the Title of an Earldom.

Carinthia, called by the Germans Karnten, a Province of Germany, bounded on the East by Stiermark, and the River Lavand: on the West with Saltzburg and the River Saltzach; on the North with Austria; and on the South with Carniola, and the River Dravus. The antient Inhabitants of this Country were the first in Germany that embraced the Christian Religion. It is subject to the Dukes of Austria, and being seated in the Alpes, is generally barren and mountainous: It lies along the Dravus an 100 english Miles, and is 47 in breadth. Advanced to the honour of a Dutchy. Its capital Town is Claghenfutt.

Carlisse, Carleolum, a City and Bishoprick under the Archbishop of York; seated upon the Rivers Eden, Poteril, and Caud, in the County of Cumberland; besides which it is defended by a good strong Stone Wall, and on the West side by a large Castle, and on the East a Cittadel built by Henry VIII. A considerable place in the times of the Romans. William Rufus finding it ruined by the Danes, rebuilt the Castle and placed a Colony here, which in after times became one of the principal Bulwarks against the Scots. June 28. 1645, it was yieided to the invading People, by Sir Thomas Glemham upon honorrable Terms. In 1648. retaken for the King by Sir Philip Musgrave, who kept it not long, the Rebels overpowering all. Long. 21. 31. Lat. 54. 55. Henry I. made it an Episcopal See. In the year 1661. King Charles II. dignified this City with the Title of an Earldom in the Person of Charles Howard, whose Son Edward enjoys the same at this day, It returns two Burgesses to the Parliament.

Carlingford, a Sea-Port in the County of Louth, in the Province of Ʋlster in Ireland; about 30 English Miles East of Armagh, and 5 North of Dundalk.

Carlsbourg, Caroloburgum, a small Town in the lower Circle of Saxony upon the Weser in the Dutchy of Bremen: built by the Swedes, who at the same time gave it the Name of their King Charles X. The Danes took it in 1676. but they yielded it to the Swedes again in 1679. according to the Treaty of Fointainebleau.

Catmagnole, a strong Town in the Marquisate of Saluces in Piedmont, about 2 Miles from the Po, and 9 from Turin, in the Dominions of the Duke of Savoy ever since Charles Emanuel Duke of Savoy during the Civil Wars of France, made himself Master both of the Marquisate and it in 1588. and that the same were ceded to him by a Treaty of Peace in 1601. This Town has been taken by the French, and retaken by the Confederates in this present War.

Carmarthenshire. See Carmarthen.

Carmel, Carmelus, a Mountain in the Holy Land (or Palestine) upon the Mediterranean Sea, 50 Miles North of Jerusalem; betwixt Galilee and Samaria, in the Tribe of Issachar; about 30 Miles in Circuit, deliciously covered and adorned with Trees, Plantations, Springs, Villages, Valleys, and Caverns, which have been the retreats of the solitary in all Ages. Now inhabited by the Dr•sians, a Warlike People, who are supposed to be the Relicks of the European Pilgrims, and accordingly pay as little deference to the Port as they can. There is a Monastery belonging to the Carmelites here, whose whole Order derives their Name from the place. These carmelites regard the Prophets Elias and Elisha as their Patriarchs, whose 2 Grots, with the Fountain that sprung miraculously up at the Prayers of Elias, now under the keeping of a Mahometan Anchorite, are much honored as well by Turks, Moors, and Arabs, as the Jews and Christians. The Prophet Agabus, they say, built a Chappel upon this Mountain in the year 83. a small part thereof being yet extant. In the time of the Emperor Vespasian there was a Temple of an Oracle here, so famous, that Vespasian came in Person to consult it. Possibly it was some remains of the Idol of Baal or Beelzebub, that they used heretofore to adore in Acre, a Town below at the foot of the Mountain. The Prince of it pays yearly to the Turks for Tribute 12 Horses.

Carnarvan. See Caernarvanshire.

Curnia, Acarnania, a Province in Epirus, overagainst the •sle of Corfu or Cephalonia.

Carniola, called by the Dutch Krain, has Slavonia on the East, Friuli on the West, Carinthia and part of S•eirmark North, and Istria South: fruitful in Corn and Wine; this and Carinthia both belong to the House of Austria by descent; to which they give the Title of a Duke. The Inhabitants are part Sclavonians and part Germans: its Capital City, Laubach. This Country was a Branch of the antient Carnia.

Carolina, a Plantation of the English Quakers, upon the Continent of North America: which has its Name from Charles II. It lies between the Lat. of 29. and 36. deg. being the most Northern part of Florida. Tho the English began to plant it only since 1663. yet being extremely fruitful and temperate, the Inhabitants are already very numerous, and have built 2 considerable Town, Charles Town, and Albermarle. This Country is bounded to the South by Florida, to the North by Virginia, to the West by the Apulathean Hills, which are exceeding steep and high, and to the East by the Atlantick Ocean. The Colonies are endeavouring to improve it to Wine and Oil, which the English chiefly want.

Carolstadt, Carolostadium, a Town in Croatia, built by Charles▪ Archduke of Austria, and well fortified against the Turks; seated at the confluence of the Kulp and the Mereswiz, 2 German Miles from Meteling to the North-East; the Governour of Croatia always resides here▪ There is another of the same Name in the Bishoprick of Wurtzburg upon the Maine, 3 German Miles North of Wurtzburg. And a Third in Sweden, in the Province of Westrogrothia, built by Charles IX. upon the Lake Wever, which suffered much by the Danes in 1644.

Carpathus. See Scarpanto. Hence the Carpathian Sea, now called the Sea of Scarpanto, betwixt the Islands of Rhodes and Candia, derived its Name.

Carpenterland, a vast Country in the Terra Australis of America, lately discovered by one Carpenter, a Dutchman, who has left it his Name.

Carpentras, Carpentoracte, a City in Provence in France, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Avignon; and the Capital of the County of Venacin, under the Dominion of the Pope: 4 Leagues from Avignon to the North-East. It stands upon a very well watered Soil. Caesarius Bishop of Arles presided at a Council here in 527. in the Papacy of Foelix IV. Long▪ 25. 49. Lat. 43. 18.

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Carpi, Carpum, a small City in Lombardy in Italy, with a Castle and Principality, belonging to the Duke of Modena. It has a large Territory to it, and a Collegiate Church, built first by Aistulphus, one of the Kings of the Lombards, who died about 750. Rebuilt by Albertus Pius, who was then Prince of Carpi, with greater magnificence; and is exempted from the Jurisdiction of all the Neighbour Bishops, who have any Pretensions to it, by the Decrees of Julius II. and Leo X. This City lies 4 Leagues from Modena to the North.

Carrara, a small Town in the Province of Tuscany in Italy between Massa and Sarsina, belonging to the Prince of Massa, with the Title of a Principality.

Carrhae, an antient City of Mesopotamia upon the River Charra, remarkable in History for the Defeat of Crassus by the Parthians in the year of Rome 701. It has had the honor to be a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Edessa. This is the Charan mentioned in the Story of the Patriarch Abraham.

Carriek-Fergus, See Knock-Fergus.

Carrict, Carricta, a small Bailywick or Earldom in the West of Scotland, which has Dumbritain-Fryth to the West and North, Nithisdale to the East, and Galloway to the South. It is fruitful, and supplyed both by Sea and Land with all the necessaries of Life. The Earldom belongs now to the Prince of Scotland.

Cars. See Chars.

Carthago, Carthage, call'd by the Grecians 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, was once the most famous and potent City in Africa, and the Rival of Rome; generally supposed to be built by Queen Dido, a Tyrian Princess, An. Mundi, 3725. 72 years after Rome, 874 years before the Birth of our Saviour. But then Justin makes it to be built before Rome, and Appian before the Ruin of Troy, and this is now thought the more probable Opinion. The Learned Vossius in his Book de Magnitudine Ʋrbium, is confident that it was not only built before the Trojan War, but in its greatest Dignity, Extent and Power before that time; and that Dido was only the Repairer of it, and that it was much older than Tyre itself. But however certain it is, that it was a Phaenician Colony. It subjected by degrees, not only all Lybia, but a great part of the adjacent Islands, and the greatest part of Spain and Sicily. It sustained 3 sharp Wars with Rome, the first lasted 24 years, the second 18, and had ended in the Ruin of Rome, if the Carihaginians had but supplied their General effectually, and in time. The third lasted 3 years, and ended in the total subversion of this City, An. Mundi 3803. Yet it was made a Roman Colony, and rebuilt under the Gracchi, 25 years after the Ruin of it; and was, as Vell. Paterculus affirms, the first Colony the Romans sent out of Italy. After this it flourished greatly, and the Primate of it had 125 Suffragan Bishops under him. A Council held here in the year 348. condemned the Rebaptization of such as were baptized by Hereticks. And divers others were here assembled in the Primitive Ages, sometimes by the Catholick▪ Prelates, sometimes by the Schismaticks and Hereticks, as they are called in the Languages of their respective Communities. An. Christi 432, it was taken by Gensericus King of the Vandals. In the year 533, under the Reign of Justinian, it was recovered back to the Roman Empire. About the year 632, it fell into the hands of the Saracens, who made it Tributary only; before the year 684, they took it again, and treated the Inhabitants with great cruelty. About 690, Justinian II. recovered it again from them. About the year 703, the Saracens returned the third time, and made a third Conquest of it, ever since which time they have enjoyed it to the total ruin of Christianity, and when in 1269. it was again retaken by Lewis IX. the Saracens soon recovered it, and totally ruined it▪ This City lies 15 Miles West from Tunis; Long. 34. 50. Lat. 32. 20. § The Spaniards have given the Name of Carthage to a Town also of New-Spain in America in the Province of Costa ricca: which stands in the middle of the Country betwixt the 2 Seas.

Carthagnea, Carthago Nova, a City of Murcia in Spain, built by Asdrubal one of the Carthaginian Generals in that Kingdom. It was afterwards brought under the Dominion of the Romans by Scipio. Polybius gives an accurate Description of this City in his X Book: and Livy in his XXIV. The Moors becoming Masters of it, totally ruined that antient Pile; and it lay buried almost 600 years in Rubbish, when in 1570. Philip II. King of Spain rebuilt it. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Toledo: three Leagues from Murcia to the South, and about 84. from Gibraltar to the North-East. Long. 20. 35▪ Lat. 38. 02.

Carthagenia Nueva, Carthago Nova, a City of New Granata in South America, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Santa Fe de Bogota. Also a safe and very large Port, defended by 2 Forts, and washed by the River of S. Magdalen, where the Spanish Fleet ordinarily rendezvous. Yet was this important place taken by our famous Drake, in 1585. This was also the first place the Spaniards Walled in the West-Indies. It lies in Long. 299. 30. Lat. 3. 10. 22 Leagues from S. Jago de Arma, in the Province of Quimbaia, otherwise now called the Province of Carthagena from hence, which has the Government of S. Martha to the East, Popayon to the South, and the Ocean to the North.

Carththuel, Carduelia, a Province of Georgia in Asia, in which is Teflis, the greatest City in that Kingdom.

Cartmell, a Market-Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Loynsdale.

Casale, Bodincomagus, a strong City, the Capital of the Dukedom of Montferat in Italy. It was raised to the honor of a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Milan, by Pope Sixtus IV. in 1474. seated on the South side of the Po, with a very strong Castle built of late years; and was made famous by a Defeat of the Spaniards in 1640. when the French took this City; but in 1652. lost it again. It stands 4 Miles from Trino to the East: now under the Dominion of the Duke of Mantua▪ who is himself under the protection of the French. But the ill Air it stands in, and the Contests of Princes, has made it very thinly inhabited. § Casal or Casal Maggiore, a small Town in the Dutchy of Milan in Italy, and in the Territory of Lodi near the Po. § Casal Pustrulengo, a small Town betwixt Lodi and Piacenza in the same Country.

Casalmach, Iris, a vast River in Cappadocia, in the lesser Asia; which riseth out of Mount Argius, in the Borders of Armenia Minor, above Sebastia, now Savastia; and having increased its Streams by the addition of several Rivers, it passeth on the East of Tochat and Amasia, to the Euxine Sea; between Limania to the East, and Simisio to the West.

Caschaw, Cassovia, a City of the Upper Hungary, and Capital of the Province Abanvivar, seated upon the rapid River of Hewath, or Kunnert, which soon after falls into that of Tarcza, which enters the Tibiscus by Dob. This City is under the Emperor as King of Hungary; but was lately in a manner free, till setting up Count Teckely as their King, it was retaken by the Imperialists in 1685. who have since bridled them with a very strong Garrison. It is very well fortified, and has▪ the best Arsenal in all Hungary▪ about 4 German Miles from Esperies to the South, and 11 from Agria to the North-East, Long. 43 32. Lat. 48. 32.

Caserta, [Caserta] a small City in the Terra di Lavoro, in the Kingdom of Naples, near the River Volturno; which is a Principality, and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Capoua: from whence it stands 4 Miles to the East: Not much inhabited:

Casilimar, Halys, a River of Paphlagonia in Asia the Less, This falls into the Euxine Sea, 20 Miles West of Amisum, now Simiso.

Cashel, Cassilia, Cassellia, a City of the Province of Munster, and County of Tipperary, not far from the River Sewer; built upon a Hill, and made an Archbishops See by Pope Eugenius III. but now meanly Peopled, having suffered much from the English. It stands 23 Miles North of Waterford. In 1650. it was almost wholly burnt down. There was a Council held in this City in the year 1171.

Casimambous, a People of the Isle of Madagascar of the race of those Arabians which the Calif of Mecca dispatched thither about 200 years ago to instruct the Natives in the Arabick Language.

Casius, see Lison, a Mountain of Egypt; at the foot whereof stood heretofore a Town called Casium, famous for the Sepulchre of Pompey and a Temple of Jupiter.

Castona, Castulo, a City in the Kingdom of Andaluzia in Spain, upon the River Guadalimar, which has sometime been a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Toledo. Famous for the Defeat of the Moors in the year 1202. in the Reign of Alphonsus King of Castile; the Christians killing 200000 of them upon the spot near this place.

Caspiae Portae, are certain difficult Passes through the Rocks and Mountains near the Caspian Sea, in the Province of Schirvan in Persia; only large enough for a single Chariot 8000 paces together, leading to the Cities of Teflis and Derbent; whence they are sometimes called the Gates of Teflis; and Derbent amongst the Turks Temir Capi, that is, the Iron Gate: see Derbent. § The Caspian Mountains are a Chain of Mountains extended from North to South in Asia, betwixt Armenia and the Caspian Sea.

Cassandt, a small Island upon the Coast of Flanders over against l' Ecluse, with a Village in it and a Fortress under the Hollanders.

Cassano, a City in the Hither Calabria in the Kingdom of Naples, and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Cosenza, with the Title of a Principality: situate near a small River called Lione. § Also a great Town in the Milanese upon the River Adda, between Crema and Bergamo.

Cassel, a City in the Marquisate of Hessen, upon the River Fuld, which is well fortified. It stands 13 German Miles from Marpurg, in the Confines of the Dukedom of Brunswick; the usual Residence of the Landgraves of Hessen: antiently called Castellum Cattorum. It is a large City, well built and fortified and the Capital of the said Landgravate. § Cassel or Mont-Cassel, Castellum Morinorum, a small Town in Flanders, 4 Leagues from Bergue S. Vinoch, and at an equal distance from Aire; in a good Soil, and well fortified, with a considerable Jurisdiction belonging to it. It has been taken and retaken upon divers Occasions; but most memorable for the Battle here fought Apr. 11. 1677. betwixt the French commanded by the Duke of Orleans, and the Dutch and Spanish Armies commanded by the Prince of Orange, who proposing to relieve S. Omers (then besieged by the Duke) was repulsed in this Battel: so that the Town yielded to the French within a few days after.

Cassemir, or Chismeer, a Province of the Empire of the Great Mogul, in the hither East-Indies towards Tartary.

Casseneuil, a small Town in the County of Agenois in Guyenne in France, upon the River Lot, 5 Leagues from Agen. Formerly adorn'd with a Palace Royal, in which the Emperor Charles the Great took particular Delight, and Lewis the Debonnaire his Son was bornin 778.

Casseuil, a Town upon the Garonne in the Diocese of Bazas, in Guyenne in France. Heretofore adorn'd with a Palace-Royal, which disputes the Honor of being the Birth-Place of Lewis the Debonnaire with the precedent Casseneuil.

Cassin, or Mont-Cassin, a celebrated Abbey in the Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples; built by S. Benedict the Patriarch of the Occidental Monks, and inhabited by him. There was heretofore a City of the same Name at the Foot of the Hill upon which this Abbey stands. It was an Episcopal See under the Pope; but falling into Ruines, the See became united with that of S. Germain, a City that has sprung out of those Ruines of Cassin.

Cassiopeia, an antient City and Territory in the Kingdom of Epirus in Greece, upon the Frontiers of Macedonia. It has had the Honor of an Episcopal See, and is a different Place from the Cassiope of Pliny and Ptolemy, which stands to the Sea in the same Kingdom, and is now called Joannina.

Cassiterides, the antient Name of two Islands upon the Northern Coast of Galaecia in Spain, given them by the Greeks from the White Lead they found in them. Now call'd Zigarga, and S. Cyprian. They lie opposite to the Cap d'Orteguere.

Cassopo, a Town in the North of the Island of Corfou, heretofore called Cassiopeia, and famous for a Temple dedicated to Jupiter. It is now nothing more than a ruin'd Fortress, besides a Church under the Care of some religious Greeks; where they have a Figure of the B. Virgin that is famed for doing of Miracles.

Cassovia. Vide supra Caschaw. This City was granted to Bethlehem Gabor, by Ferdinand II. in 1620.

Cassubia, or Cassuben, a Dutchy in the Province of Pomerania in Germany, under the Elector of Brandenburg, between the Baltick Sea, Prussia, and Stetin. Colberg is one of its Principal Towns.

Castabala, Perasia, an antient City of Cilicia in Asia Minor, upon the Confines of Syria and the Gulph of Lajazzo, between Anazarbe and Adana. Diana had formerly a famous Temple in her Honor here.

Castalius, a Fountain of Phocis in Greece, dedicated by the antient Poets to Apollo and the Muses.

Castanovitza, a Castle on the River Ʋnna, which divides Croatia from Bosnia; surrendred to Prince Louis of Baden, Aug. 14. 1688.

Castel-Aragonese, a strong Town in the Isle of Sardignia.

Castel-Bolognese, a Town in the Province of Romagna in Italy under the Pope, betwixt Imola and Faiensa.

Castel-Durante, a Town in the Dutchy of Ʋrbino in the States of the Church, in Italy: famous for curious Earthen-ware.

Castel-Gandolphe, a Town in the Campagna di Roma in Italy, 12 Miles from Rome, where the Pope has a Mansion of pleasure. A Lake of the same Name, formerly call'd Albano, stands on one side of it.

Castel-Geloux, a Town and Bailywick in the Province of Guienne in France upon the River Avance: Honoured with a Collegiate Church, in which the Dukes of Albret lie interred.

Castel A Mare, or Casell a Mere di stabia, Stabiae, a City in the Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples, with an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Sorrento. It has a commodious Port upon the Gulph of Naples. The French took it in 1654.

Castel A Mare della Brucca, an antient City in the Hither Principate in the Kingdom of Naples, betwixt St. Severino and the Gulph of Salerno. It has been an Episcopal See, but not now so considerable as formerly. The Antients call it Helia, Elea, and Hielea.

Castel-Tornese, a small Town built upon a high Ground in the Province of Belvedore in the Morea, about 3 Miles from the Sea, and not far from Cap Tornese. After the taking of Patras, and Lepanto, this Town surrendred upon the first Summons to the Venetians in 1687. It had 29 Peices of Cannon in it, and commands 200 Villages or Forts in the Country thereabouts.

Castel dell Volturno, a City in the Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples, lately made a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Capoua. It stands to the Ocean, and is believed to be the Relicks of the antient Volturnum.

Castellana, or Civita Castellana, a City of St. Peters Patrimony in Italy, with a Bishops See consolidated to that of Otri, immediately dependent of the Pope.

Castellane, a Town and Barony in Provence upon the River Verdon amongst the Mountains. Since the year 1260. the Inhabitants have rebuilt it nearer to the River, because before it stood upon a Rock.

Castellanetta, a City in the Terra di Otranto in the Kingdom of Naples: advanced to the Dignity of a Principality, besides an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Taranto. Situate upon the little River Talvo about 7 Miles from the Gulph of Taranto, between the Cities Matera and Motula.

Castelnau, a small Town in the Tract of Medoc in the Province of Guyenne in France, upon a little River which falls into the Garonne, over against Blaye. § Castelnau de Bretenous, a Town and Barony in the County of Quercy in France, near the Dordogne. § Castelnau de Cernes, a Town near Podensac in Guyenne. § Castelnau de Manes, a Town near Bazas in the same. § Castelnau de Montratier, a Town in Quercy near Cahors upon a little River falling into the Tarn.

Castelnau-Darry, a Town in Languedoc, near to which was deseated and taken, the Duke of Montmorency, in 1632. not long after beheaded at Tholouse. It is the Capital of the County of Lauragais, betwixt Tholouse and Carcassone. In Latin Castellum Arianorum, or Castellavium Auracium.

Castel-Sarazin, a low but strong Town upon the Frontiers of Languedoc and Quercy in France, a little below the Confluence of the Tarn and the Garonne. Of great Fame in the Wars of Charles Martell with the Sarazens, and thence comes its adjunct Name of Sarazin.

Castiglione, a Town in the the Province of Carfagnana in Italy, in the States of the Republick of Lucca. § A second in the Hither Calabria, dignified with a Principality. § Castiglione Mantuano, a Town in the Mantuan towards Verona. § Castiglione delle Stivere, the Principal Town of a little Territory, upon the Frontiers of the Mantuan, advanced to the Dignity of a Principality. It is a strong place, betwixt Mantoua and Brescia, belonging to the Duke of Mantoua.

Castile, Castella, a Kingdom in Spain, which when largely taken is the greatest of all the Kingdoms in that Country; as containing under it the Kingdoms of Leon, Gallicia, Andalusia, Navarre, Murcia, Biscay, Granada, and Extremadura: It being the most prevailing Kingdom in that Continent; to which the rest are united by Marriages, or Conquests: Yet was it at first but an Earldom belonging to the Kingdom of Leon, and was made a Kingdom in 1016, under Ferdinando. Bounded on the East with Navarre; on the West with Portugal; on the North with Biscay, Guipiscoa, and the Asturias; and on the South with Andalusia, Extremadura, and Granada. It is divided into the Old and the New Castile; whereof the Old Castile lies more North, the New more South, arising out of the New Conquest of the Kingdom of Toledo, and other Accessions gain'd from the Moors; which

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is also more fruitful than the Old Castile. Burgos is the Capital of the Old; Madrid and Toledo the chief of the New. Long. 12. Lat. 39.

Castile D'Or, or New Castile, a large and fruitful Country in the Southern America, containing the Noble Provinces of Panama, Carthagena, Ʋraba, Venezuela, Comana, New Andaluzia, and New Granada. Bounded on the East with Guyana and the Caribes Country, on the West with the Pacifick Ocean, on the South Peru and the Kingdom of the Amazons, and on the North with the Northern Ocean. It was first discovered in Columbus's third Voyage to America by some of Castile, who therefore call'd it Castile Nuevo; and finding Mines of Gold in it, particularly in the Province of Ʋraba, they added the Name of Castile d'Or. The great Rivers Orenoque and Darien water it, besides others. The Spaniards have not been able to reduce the Natives entirely to this Day. Pearl also is found upon the Coasts.

Castillon, a Town in Perigord in the South of France near the Dordogne, where the English were defeated and their General slain, in 1451. by which Victory Charles VII. recovered the County of Guienne.

Castle-Carey, a Market-Town in Somersetshire in the Hundred of Cattesash.

Castlenovo, or Castel-Novo, a Maritime Town in Albania, upon the Gulph of Cattaro, surrendred to the Venetians after a Months Siege, October 1. 1687. in whose possession it had been reposed in antient times. The Spaniards enjoy'd it in the Reign of Charles V. till it was taken from a Garrison of 4000 of them Anno 1539, by Barberoasse, that great Admiral, who from being a Pirate, and the Son of a poor Renegade Greek of Lesbos, became the most esteem'd Sea Commander that the Ottoman Empire ever employed. The Turks having been Masters of this Place for 148 Years last past, had long infested the Adriatick Sea with Piracies from it. § There are divers Towns of small Note in Italy that carry this Name. As Castelnovo Tortonese in the Milanese. Castelnovo di Carfagnana, under the Duke of Mantua &c.

Castle Rising, a Market-Town in the County of Norfolk in the Hundred of Frebridge, which Elects two Burgesses for the Parliament. The Haven here being many years since choak'd up with Sands, has brought this Town into decay.

Caston, a Market-Town in Norfolk, in the Hundred of S. Erpingham.

Castor, a Market-Town in the Division of Lindsey in Lincolnshire, and in the Hundred of Bradley.

Castres, or Chartreux, Castrum Albiensium, a City and a Bishop's See upon the North side of the River Gout, in the County of Albigeois in Languedoc in France. This Bishoprick was first instituted by P. John XXII. in 1317. under the Archbishop of Berry; but in 1678. it was put under the Archbishop of Alby, from which place itstands 7 Leagues to the South, and 10 from Tholouse to the East. The Huguenots took and Pillaged it in 1567. It also honoured with the Title of an Earldom.

Castro, a Dutchy and Town belonging to the House of Farneze, the Dukes of Parma; but likewise challenged by the Ecclesiastical State: For in the Wars betwixt Edward Duke of Parma and Pope Ʋrban VIII. this Town, amongst others, was seised for the Pope in consideration of the Arrears of a certain Rent reserved to the Apostolick Chamber from the Dutchy, as held to be a Fief of the Church. Innocent X. razed it entirely to the ground; and in the place thereof erected a Pillar with this Inscription, [Here was Castro;] and annexed the Dutchy to his See. But the said Annexation was conditionally revoked by the Treaty of Pisa, in 1664. The admirable Palace of Caprarola stands in this Dutchy. The Dutchy is bounded on the East by S. Peter's Patrimony, the Siennese to the West, the Mediterranean to the South, and the Territory of Orvieto to the North. The City had the Honor to be a Bishop's See immediately under the Pope, till the Year 1646, that Innocent X. transferr'd the See to Acqua pendente, and quite destroy'd Castro (as we said), in revenge because the inhabitants happened to kill the Bishop that he sent thither to reside and govern. It stood about 11 Miles from the Sea near Toscanella and Corneto; environed with such Precipices as rendred the access to it very Difficult. § A City in the Terra di Otranto in the Kingdom of Naples, being a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Otranto, upon the Shoars of the Ionian Sea. Ravaged by the Turks in 1537. who carried away a great Number of the Inhabitants into Slavery. Some suppose it to be the Castrum Minervae of the Antients. § There are others of inferiour Note. One in the Hither Calabria near Cassano. A second in the Province of Abruzzo, call'd Castro Novo. A third in the Campagnia di Roma. A fourth in the Basilicate. Another in the Island of Meleos, &c.

Catadupi, a People of Aethiopia about the Cataracts of the Nile, deafned (says Tully, in Somnio Scip.) by the Noise of them.

Catalognia, a Province and Principality in Spain; bounded on the West by the Kingdoms of Arragon and Valentia, on the East and South by the Mediterranean Sea, and on the North it has the Pyrenean Hills, which separate it from France. Heretofore it had Earls of its own, who were under the Protection of the Crown of France; but in 1137. it was annexed to the Kingdom of Arragon; a mountainous but fertile Country, and well watered with Rivers. The Inhabitants are great Lovers of their Civil Liberties; and being ill us'd by some Irish Soldiers which were quartered upon them in 1640. they revolted from Spain, and call'd in the French; but during the Civil Wars of France, about 1652. they returned to their old Master the King of Spain again. By the Treaty of Peace in 1659, the Pyrenees are made to divide the two Kingdoms of France and Spain. Barcelona is the Capital City of this Country.

Catania, one of the principal Cities of Sicily, on the Eastern shoar of that Island, about forty Miles North of Syracuse. It has a Port made of late Years and is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Montreale. On the South of it runs a small River called Judicello. This City was built by the Chalcidian Greeks, as Eusebius saith. Charles V. wall'd and fortified it against the Turks and Moors, by which Securities it grew Great and Rich; but in 1669. it suffered very much by a dreadful Irruption of Mount Aetna, which stands about 20 Miles North from it: four Rivers with Fire, or melted Rocks and Earth making their Way through the Territories of this City, and bearing down all before them, passed a Mile into the Sea before those Waters were able to conquer this outrageous Fire; so that it was then thought the whole Island of Sicily would have perish'd. Aetna is observ'd to overflow with Torrents of Fire every 15 Years. K. Hiero died in this City. The Remains of an Amphitheatre with divers Inscriptions and Marks of its Antiquity are yet to be seen. Long. 39. 40. Lat. 37. 00. Our English Sandys saith, That the Bay upon which it stands is but shallow, and not capable of Ships. The Country fruitful; and the City being an Ʋniversity and not having much Trade, is the more inhabited by Gentlemen.

Catanzaro, Catacium, a City in the further Calabria in the Kingdom of Naples, with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Regio; 2 or 3 Miles from the Ocean, between Squillaci and Nicastro.

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Cataonia, an antient City and Country in Asia Minor between Cilicia and Cappadocia, in Strabo's time subject to the King of Cappadocia. Bellona had a sumptuous Temple in her honour in this City, to whose service above 6000 Men and Women were Consecrated under the direction of a Soveraign Priest who here resided.

Cateau, or Catteau-Cambresis, Castrum Cameracense, a small Town in the district of Cambresis, 5 Leagues from Cambray, and 2 from Landreci. The Treaty of Peace in 1559. by the French, said to be so disadvantageous to them, was celebrated here.

Ce Catelet, a Town in Picardy upon the River Escaut, and the Frontiers of Hainault and Cambresis. Taken by the Spaniards in 1557. and once again in this Age, but restored to the French by the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659. A considerably strong place.

Caterlagh, Catherlogh, Carlough, Caterlogum; a City in the Province of Leinster in Ireland on the West side of the River Barrow, 30 Miles South-West of Dublin; which Lionel Duke of Clarence began to Wall; and Bellingham, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, fortified with a Castle. This is also the head of a County of the same Name.

Cathness, Catnesia, Cathanesia, is the most Northern County in the Kingdom of Scotland: on the North and East, washed by the Caledonian Ocean; on the West it hath the same Ocean, and the County of Strathnavern in part; and on the South it hath Sutherland: Generally barren, little inhabited, yet it is a Bishoprick, and an Earldom.

Catolica, a Town in the Province of Romagna in Italy, between Pesaro and Rimini; so call'd in the third Century from the Catholicks of the Council of Rimini, who separating themselves from the Arians (who in the number of 400 Bishops convocated by Pope Liberius to this Council carried the Majority by a great many) came hither to say their Masses.

Catti, an antient People of Hassia and Thuringia, in Germany, who sometime passing into Holland, have left the Names of Catwick Opzee to a Town upon the Sea Coast, and Catwick op den Rhein to another upon the Rhine. In the Reign of Tiberius, the Hermanduri gave them a terrible Defeat, wherein they destroy'd both Man and Beast, upon a pretence of having Consecrated the Spoils to Mars and Mercury.

Catzenelbogen, Catti Meliboci, a Country in the Province of Weteraw in Germany under the Landgrave of Hesse Cassel. The antient Catti its Inhabitants have left it this Name. In the Year 1548. the Emperor Charles V. adjudged this Country to William Earl of Nassau who made pretensions to it: But the Arrest was afterwards cassated by the Treaty of Paslaw.

Cavado, Cavadus, a River of Portugal, which ariseth in Gallicia, and watering the City of Braga, falls into the Ocean.

Cavaillon, Cabellio, Ʋrbs Cavallicorum, a small and ill built City in the County of Venaissin in Provence in France, in an Isle made by the River Durance, within 4 Leagues of Avignon to the South-East. This is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Avignon; and under the Dominion of the Pope.

Cavan, a Town and County in the Province of Ʋlster in Ireland. The Duke of Berwick in an Action before this Town, against K. William's Forces, Feb. 11. 1689. had his Horse shot under him. It is not without a strong Fort.

Caucasus, a Part of the great Mountain of Taurus in Asia, towards Georgia, beginning about the Mouth of the River Phasis: It is very fruitful, and well inhabited by Christians, for the most part, of the Georgian Church. Full of Rocks and Precipices, and shewing the Ruins of several Castles and Churches: Yet covered at the Top with Snow perpetually.

Cauda, a River of Cumberland, which running through West-Ward Forrest, by Dauston, on the West of Carlisle, falls into the River Eden.

Caudebec, Calidobeccum, a considerable Town in Normandy, upon the Northern shoar of the River Seine, in the Pais de Caux; about 5 Miles West of Rouen, 7 from le Haure East; much Celebrated for Weaving. This is one of the Principal Towns of the Pais de Caux, which is bounded by the British Sea to the North and West; by Picardy to the East, and by the Seine to the South; and lies from East to West 25 Leagues. The Caudebec Hats come from hence.

The Caves in Wiltshire between Luckington and great Badminton upon the Edge of the County, nine in Number, of a Row, of several Dimensions; the least 4 Foot broad, and 9 or 10 Foot long, are credibly supposed to be the Tombs of some Heroick Men among the antient Romans, Saxons, or Danes; because Spurs and Pieces of Armour have been digged out of them.

Cavita de Manilha, Manilhanus Sinus, a Gulph of the Philippine Islands.

Cavours, a Town 5 Leagues from Pignerol in Piedmont under the French, near the River Peles, fortified with two Castles. It was taken by Lesdiguieres in 1594. and retaken by the Duke of Savoy the Year after. Now made a Dependant of Pignerol.

Caurestan, a great Village in the Province of Farsistan in Persia, betwixt Lar and the Isle of Ormus.

Caux, or Pais de Caux, a District contain'd within the Province of Normandy in France betwixt the Seine and the Sea; in which Diepe▪ Haure de Grace, Caudebec, Aumale, S. Vallery, &c. are comprehended. There is also of the same Name with it a Town and a Promontory.

Cawood, a Market-Town in the West-Riding of Yorkshire, and the Hundred of Barkston.

Caxamalca, a Country within the Province of Lima in Peru; adorn'd heretofore with Divers Royal Palaces of the Inca's of that Kingdom. Thirty Leagues from the Pacifick Sea, but near the River Vagna. It was here that the Noble Atabalipa King of Peru was defeated and taken Prisoner by Francis Pizarro, who basely and barbarously afterwards murthered him in 1533.

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Caxton, a Market-Town in Cambridgeshire in the Hundred of Stow.

Caxume, the Capital City of the Kingdom of Tigremahon in Abyssinia, thought to be the same with the Tenesis of Strabo, where the Queen of Sheba dwelt that visited Solomon.

Cayenne, an Island under the French in the North Sea, upon the Coast of Guyana; about 20 Leagues in Circuit; 4 Degrees from the Equinoctial Northward, and South of the Disembogure of the River Cayenne which glides betwixt the Countries of the Caribes and the Galibes. Its principal Commodity is Tobacco. The French have built themselves a Fort at Bourg, (their cheifest Settlement of about 200 Houses) and besides they guard the Harbor with Canon.

Cayernittes, some small Islands frequented by the Fishers for Tortoises, which here are to be found of the largest Size, near the Western shoar of Hispaniola in America.

Cayphas, an antient Town, so call'd from Caiphas High Priest of the Jews, who formerly re edified it, at the Foot of Mount Carmel in the Holy Land upon the shoars of the Mediterranean; 2 Leagues by Water from S. Jean d' Acre. Since Saladine demolish'd it in 1191. it has never been fortified again; and therefore now become a Village inhabited by some Moors, Jews, and Greeks.

Cazan. See Casan.

Cazares, an antient People who took part with the Hunns and the Avares in their Incursions to ravage the Empire.

Cea, Ceos, or Zee, Zie, and antiently among the Greeks call'd Hydrusca, is one of the Cyclades Islands in the Aegean Sea; whereof Julide (Julis) is the Capital City, in which Simonides and Bacchylides, the two famous Lyrique Poets, with the Philosopher Ariston, are said to be born.

Cebarsussi, a Town near Carthage in Africa, where the Donatist Bishops in 394. held a Council, and deposed Primianus Bishop of Carthage.

Cedar, or Kedar, the Hebrew name of Arabia Deserta, taken from Kedar the Son of Ismael, Gen. 25. 13.

Cedes, a great and strong Town heretofore of Judea in the Tribe of Napthali in Galilee, 4 Miles from Cephet and Capernaum: given by Joshua, after he had killed the King thereof, to the Priests and Levites. It had an Asylum in it for such as committed accidental Murder, (that is, in the Phrase of the English Law, chance Medley) pursuant to the Laws of Moses provided in that behalf.

Cedogna, Laquedoniae, an Episcopal City of the Further Principate in the Kingdom of Naples, suffragan to the Archbishop of Conza: believed by some to be the Aquilenia of Livy.

Cedron, or Kedron, a small Brook in the midst of the Valley of Jehosaphat in the Holy land near Jerusalem, passed by our Saviour a little before his Death, John. 18. 1. and frequently in Scripture mentioned upon other Occasions.

Cefalu, or Cifalu, Cephalaedis, a fair City with a good Port and a Castle in the Island of Sicily, being a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Messina, upon a Cape; whence some conjecture that its name is derived from the Greek Word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. It stands near Termini.

Celena, the Capital City formerly of all Phrygia, which being once repeopled by Antiochus Soter, he caused it to be called Apamea. See Haman.

Celtae, the antient Greek Authors give this name indifferently to the Gauls and the Germans, as some do to the Spaniards, upon the account of the Alliances of the Celtae with the Iberi. See Celtiberi. But it more particularly understands the Original Gauls, whose Empire in a part of Gallia, (from them called Celtica, the Boundaries whereof you see described under the Word Gallia) flourished in the time of Tarquinius Priscus, when Segovesus and Bellovesus Sons or Nephews to Ambigatus King of the Celtae, conducted those 2 Colonies into Italy and Germany, we mentioned speaking of the Province of Berry, whereof these People were the antient Inhabitants.

Celtiberi, a mixt People, as the name itself imports, of the Celtae aforesaid and the Iberi, or the antient Spaniards of Arragon and Castile: Recorded in History with great Honor, for their Courage and Fidelity. Florus calls them the Force of Spain. The Celtae passing out of Gallia into Spain, and there alliancing themselves with the Natives, was the Occasion of this Denomination.

Cemele, an antient City near Nice, in Provence, amongst the Maritime Alpes; of great Esteem heretofore with the Romans, and yet showing the Ruins of an Amphitheatre, a Temple of Apollo, Inscriptions, Tombs, and Canals, which were the Works of their curious Hands. Since Christianity, it became a Bishop's See, and bore the Honor thereof till either the Goths and Vandals in the sixth, or the Saracens in the seventh and eighth Centuries ruined it so, that the See was translated to Nice.

Cenchrea, the Port over against Corinth, in the Peloponesus or Morea.

Ceneda, Ceneta, a small but well peopled City, and a Bishop's See in the Marca Trivigliana, seated at the Foot of the Mountains; about 13 Miles South from Belluno, and 15 from Trevigi North-East. The Bishop is Sovereign of the City, but a Suffragan of the Patriarch of Aquileia.

Cenis, or Mont-Cenis, Alpes Cottiae, the Name of that famous Passage over the Alpes, which parts Savoy from Piedmont.

Centobrica, an antient City of the Celtiberi in Spain; which when besieged by the Romans under Metellus, placed the little Infants of Rethogenes, who had run over to Metellus, in the Breach where the Besiegers played their Battery. And though the Breach was of that Largeness as to render the Conquest of the Town indubitable, and Rethogenes himself offered his Family to be a Sacrifice to Metellus's Glory; Yet rather than so Generous a Father should see the Massacre of his own Children, Metellus raised the Siege: And the Town ravished with his Humanity and Clemency therein, voluntarily afterwards opened the Gates to him. Val. Max.

Centum Celles, an antient Town of the Province of Toscana in Italy, in which Pope Cornelius during the Persecution of Gallus was confined and put to divers Torments. It is mentioned by Pliny and Procopius. Leander Alberti calls it Ferolle or Forcelle. Others believe it is the same with that which we now call Civita Vecchia.

Ceperano, or Ciperano, a Town in the Campagna di Roma in Italy, upon the River Garigliano. P. Paschal II. held a Council here in 1114. in which William Guichard, Grandson to Robert Guichard the Valiant Norman that drove the Saracens out of Italy, was created Duke of Apulia and Calabria.

Cephalonia, Cephalenia, call'd by the Italians Cefalonia, is an Island of the Ionian Sea, just opposite to the Mouth of the Gulph of Lepanto. The Inhabitants are of the Greek Church; but with the Island, which is not above 90 Miles in Compass, subject to the Venetians. It is fruitful in Wines, excellent Oil, and in those Grapes, whereof Currans are made. The Town wherein the Proveditor or Governor resides is Argostoli; a small Place, with a tolerable good Port on the East side of the Island. There is no other Town of any Note there; but only the Villages

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of Liscuri, Finea, Erisso, Pillaro, Samo, and Lucato, after whose Names, together with Argostoli, the whole Island is divided into seven Parts that are accordingly so notified. In the twelfth Century a Bishoprick was founded here, to which the Church of the Isle of Zante is annexed. In 1224. the Venetians received this Island by a Donation from Gaio the Lord of it at that time. In 1479. the Turks took it. In 1499. the Venetians retook it and repeopled it, and have since secured it with a strong Fortress called Asso, that stands upon a high Rock, surrounded with the Sea, excepting the Reserve only of a Point of Land about 20 Paces broad to join the Castle and the Island. The Proveditor's Commission is made to continue 32 Months. The Antiens call'd this, no less than that other Island in the Archipelago, Samos.

Cephisus, a River of Phocis in Achaia, first springing up in the antient Country of Doris there, and passing by the Mountain of Parnassus, it continues its Course through Boeotia, where it receives the Rivers Asopus and Ismene: Then traversing the Lake Copae, now known by the Name of Lago Stivo, it falls into the Euripus or the Streights of Negropont. And with a little Variation from Cephisus, is now called Cefisso. The Oracle of Themis said to be consulted by Deucalion and Pyrrha stood upon the Banks thereof. § Some other Rivers of this Name in Greece are remembred by antient Authors; as likewise a Fountain at Apollonia, mentioned by Strabo and Ptolemy.

Cepuz, Cepusiensis Comitatus, a small County in the most Northern part of the Upper Hungary, towards the Carpathian Hills, and the Confines of Poland; the greatest part of which is under the Crown of Poland; though the chief Town (Leutsch) with the Southern part of the County is subject to the Emperor, as King of Hungary. John de Zapol, Earl of this County, was crowned King of Hungary in 1526.

Ceram, or Ceiram, a pretty large and well inhabited Island in the Indian Ocean, betwixt Terra des Papaous, Gilolo, &c. and the Moluccaes. Affording Spices, and the like Indian Commodities.

Ceramici, the Tuilleries of old Athens.

Cerasus, an antient Town of Cappadocia upon the Coast of the Euxine Sea, now called Chirissonda and otherwise Emid o• Omidie. In Pomponius Mela's Time, we find it was as considerable a Place as Trebizonde; assuming this name from the abundance of Cherries that grew in it, which Lucullus first brought into Italy from hence, says Athenaeus and S. Jerom, in his Return from the Conquest of Pontus and Armenia. It is very little inhabited now, and under the Turks, as all the rest of Anatolia.

Ceraunii, Acroceraunii Montes: The Greeks are us'd to call by this Name divers Chains of Mountains, whose Heighth exposes them to be struck with Lightning and Thunder: But it more especially understands those upon the Confines of Epirus, running a vast length from East to West between that Kingdom and Albania; about 50 Miles distant from the Island of Corfou: Now known by the Name of Monti di Chimaera in Chaonia, and Chimarioti.

Cerdanna, Cerdagne, Cerretania, is a County annexed to Catalaunia, and belongs to the Crown of Spain, though it lies on the North side of the Pyrenean Hills. It has Languedoc on the North, the County of Rousillon on the East, from which it is separated by the Pyrenean Hills, and on the North and South Catalaunia; divided into two parts by the River Segre [Sicoris]: the Eastern part of it has been under the French ever since the Year 1660. according to the Regulation of the general Peace in the Year precedent. The antient Cerretani were of this Country. The Capital Town whereof is Puicerda.

Ceremissi. See Czeremissi.

Cerenza, or Cirenza. See Acerenza

Cerigo, Cytherea, an Island upon the Coast of the Morea, belonging to the Venetians, between Cape Matapan to the West, and Cape Anzolo to the East. The first Island of the Archipelago towards Europe, at the Distance of 40 or 45 Miles from Candia, about 60 in Circuit; and antiently dedicated to Venus, whom the Poets represent as born at Cithera which was a Town here of so much Note as to give Name to the whole Island. The Lacedemonian Vessels from Egypt and Libya made this Island their Retreat: Sometimes stil'd the Lanthorn of the Archipelago, because it is from hence that you may see the Countenance of the Turks: and sometimes Porphyris by the Antients, from the abundance of Porphyry found in it. It is now adorned with a City standing upon a Rock, having a Castle and a convenient Port to it very strong by Nature and Art of the same Name with it self; which is also an Episcopal See, and full of People. Great Veneration is paid to the Monastery of San Giovanni della grotta here above all others belonging to the religious Greeks, because the People have been perswaded that S. John began the Book of the Revelations in the Place where it stands.

Cerisoles, a small Town in Piedmont, near Carmagnole; famous for the Victory obtained by the French, under the Conduct of the Duke d' Enguien, at 22 Years of Age, over the Marquess du Guast, in 1544. twelve thousand being kill'd upon the Place.

Cerne, a Market-Town in Dorsetshire, in the Hundred of Totcombe, standing in a Champaign Country, and watered with a fine Rivulet; considerable for its being heretofore an Abbey-Town.

Cervetere, a great and flourishing Place in the Times of the Old Romans, under the Name of Caere Vetus; the Capital of Hetruria: Now a small Town in S. Peter's Patrimony in Italy, 8 Miles from Bracciano, and 3 from the Thuscan Sea. The Tabulae Caerites in which the Censors set down the Names of Persons who for Misdemeanours were deprived of the Right of Suffrage, received that Appellation from hence. For when the Gauls took Rome, this Town entertained the Refugee Romans with so much Kindness, that they had the Honour afterwards the first of any People, as a Reward for the same, to be made a free City of Rome, nevertheless without the Right of Suffrage.

Cervia, otherwise call'd Ficocle, is a City in the Province of Romandiola in Italy upon the Adriatick, with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Ravenna. A Synod was held in it in 1634.

Cesena, Curva Cesena in Antoninus, is a City in the Province of Romandiola in Italy, upon the River Savio, with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Ravenna. It has sometime belong'd to the Bolognese, sometime to particular Families, till at last remitted to the Church. You see in it the Ruins of a Castle which the Emperor Ferdinand II. is said to have built. Pope Alexander VI. gave it to Caesar Borgia. But he did not enjoy it long. It has been many times near the being entirely ruined by Factions.

Cesse, a River in the Dutchy of Luxemburg in the Low-Countries, passing by Ham sur Lesse, near Rochfort; then by the Mouth of a hideous Cavern throwing it self entirely under Ground for the space of a League, and at its Rise again appearing with the same Freshness as it hath at its Descent. Attempts are made to search into the subterraneous Abyss in vain; for the Frightfulness of the Danger frustrates all.

Ceva, Ceba, a Town in Piedmont upon the River Tanaro, in the Borders of the Marquisate of Montisferat, towards the Apennine, and the Dictrict call'd the Langhe. This had heretofore Marquesses of its own,

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but is now subject to the Duke of Savoy. It lies seven Miles from Mondui to the South, eighteen from Savona to the North, and the same Distance from Alba to the West; being the Capital of the said District of le Langhe; with a Castle. In 1558 the French took it.

Cevennes, a Territory at the Foot of the Mount of Cevennes in Languedoc. See Sevennes. This Country was for a long time the Theatre of the Civil Wars of Religion, towards the End of the last, and the Beginning of this Age; till Lewis XIII. brought the Rebels under Subjection.

Ceurawalth, the Name of an austere Sect amongst the Banjans in the East-Indies. They so superstitiously believe the Metampsychosis, as to be afraid of killing the least Insect; and for the Mortifications of Life, they may be compared with the most Religious Votaries of any Profession whatsoever.

Ceuta, a Town and Castle in the Province of Habat in the Kingdom of Fez in Barbary, upon the Streights of Gibraltar, belonging to the King of Portugal; the Capital in former times of Mauritania Tingitana, call'd by the Romans, Civitas; by Mela, Septa; by Ortelius thought to be the Exilissa of Ptolomy. From the Romans, the Goths; from the Goths, the Arabs; from them, John I. King of Portugal took it in 1415. It has a Collegiate, with the Rights of a Cathedral Church in it: composing in conjunction with Tangier a Bishoprick under the Arch-Bishop of Lisbonne.

Ceylan, see Zeilan.

Chablais, a small Province of Savoy, North of the Lake of Geneva, with the Province of Velay to the the East, Fousigny to the South, and Genevois to the West: being part of the Country of the ancient Andates or Nandates, and the Veragrii mention'd by Caesar. The Romans call'd it Provincia Equestris and Caballica, from their breeding up of Horses in it; whence Chablais comes to be formed by a Corruption. The famous St. Francis de Sales, taking great pains to reduce the Calvinists here to their old Religion again, carries therefore the Name of the Apostle of Chablais.

Chabli, a Town in the Tract of Senonnois in France towards Auxerre and Tonnere: made remarkable in 841. by a bloody Battle fought at Fontenay near it, betwixt the Children of Lewis the Debonnaire. Now, for good Wine.

Chabria, or Cilabro, Chiabrius, a River of Macedonia, falling into the Thermaicus Sinus, or the Gulph of Salonichi, betwixt Cassandria and Salonichi.

Chaeronea, is a City of Boeotia, upon the River Cephissus, on the Eastern side of Mount Helicon, North-West of Athens; memorable for the Ruine of the Grecian Liberty, in the Defeat of the Athenian Forces, by Philip of Macedonia, A. M. 3612. and also for the Birth of Plutarch. Now not inhabited, but the Ruines are known by the former name.

Chagford, a Market Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of Wonford.

Chagra, a River between the South and North of America, upon which the Merchandises bound for Panama and Peru do pass; The Mouth of it on the North Sea being guarded by a Spanish Fort. It is thought, a communication might easily be made between the two Seas by the means of this, especially with other Rivers that fall into the Pacifick. A Town of the same Name with it stands upon its Banks. In 1670. the English Bucaniers went up it in their Canoes to plunder Panama.

Chaibar, a River in Arabia, which ariseth twenty five German Miles West of Jamama, the Capital of Arabia; and passing by Chaibar and Tajef, falls into Eda. According to some judgments, this is the Chobar of the Prophet Ezekiel.

Chalcedon, a City of the Lesser Asia in Bithynia, which was a Bishop's See, under the Patriarch of Constantinople; and of great Antiquity, much celebrated in ancient History: but now reduced to the meanness of a poor Village, call'd by the Turks Calcitin• it stands on the Mouth of the Propontis, over against Constantinople. Some believe that Scutaret is grown out of the Ruines of this City. This City is particularly remarkable on the account of the fourth General Council here celebrated in 451. In which it had the honour to be advanced to the Title of a Metropolitan Church. According to Strabo and Eusebius, this City was built in the sixty ninth year of Rome, that is, 685. before Christ. Longitude 56. 15. Lat. 43. 15.

Chalcis, the ancient Name of the Island and Town of Negropont. § Also a Town in Aetolia in Greece, with another in Syria, occurring in the Writings of the Ancients: but now unknown.

Chaldaea and Chaldei: See Curdistan.

Chalons sur Marne, Civitas Catalaunorum, a City and Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Rheimes, in the middle of Champagne, upon the River Marne; seven Miles from Rheimes to the South-East, and twelve from Troyes to the North-West. It is well fortified and built, standing in a large Plain, in which Attila lost 200000. men in a Battle with Aetius the General of the Romans, Meroveus King of France, and Theodorick, in the year 451. The Bishops are Earls and Peers of France.

Chalons sur Sone, Cabillonum, Cabillo Aeduorum, a City and Bishoprick upon the Sone, in Burgundy in France, 15 Leagues from Dijon to the South, and the same distance from Thoulon to the West. The Bishoprick is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Lyons. There are numbers of Inscriptions, Vessels, Statues, and the Reliques of ancient publick Buildings to be seen here. In 1562. the Huguenots made themselves Masters of it. It has been new fortified since; gives the Title of an Earl; and is the Capital of a little Territory called Chalonnois or la Bresse Chalonnois.

Chalus or Chaslus, Castrum Lucis, a Town in the Province of Limosin in France towards the Borders of Perigord, betwixt S. Hirier and Limoges. Richard I. King of England dyed of the Wound of an Arrow that he received at the Siege of the Castle of this place, then belonging to Widomare Viscount of Limoges, in 1199. The occasion of which Siege, see in Daniel's Life of Richard I.

Chamb, Chambum, a small Town and Territory in the Ʋpper Palatinate, upon the River Regen, seven Miles East of Regenspurgh; something more than five Miles North of Straubing. This Town with the Territory annexed makes an Earldom, which belonged heretofore to the Count Palatine of the Rhine; but by the Treaty of Westphalia was given to the Duke of Bavaria, who to this day enjoys it.

Chambery, Civaro, Chamberiacum, the Capital City of the Dukedom of Savoy, and the Seat of the Parliament of that Dukedom; It stands upon the River Laise, in a Plain ten Miles from Grenoble to the North-East: well built and beautified, and defended with a good Castle.

Chambray, see Cambray.

Chamen, Ʋrbs Chamavorum, a City of Westphalia.

Champagne, Campagnia, a great rich, fruitful, populous Province in France; bounded by Lorain to the East, the Low-Countries to the North; Picardy, la Brie, and the Isle of France to the West; and Burgundy to the South. The Earl of this County, being an Earl Palatine, was always one of the twelve ancient Peers of France. It is watered, or bounded, by six of the greater Rivers of France, viz. the Seine, the Aulde, the Marne, the Vere, the Meuse, and the

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Vannes. The Principal Cities are Chaumont Rheimes, &c. Amongst which there are four Episcopal and two Archiepiscopal See.

Champ Arrein, a small Town near Bourdeaux, where Charles the Great defeated the Goths.

Chanad, a City of Hungary. See Gyngisch.

Changcheu, two populous and Large Cities in China, with Territories of the same name belonging to them; having Jurisdiction, the one in the Province of Fokien near the Sea, ove• Nine; the other in the Province of Nanking, over Four Cities. The first is watered by the River Chan•s, the latter by the Kiang, and adorned with divers triumphant Arches.

Changte, two great Cities and Territories adjacent in China, having under their Resort, the one in the Province of Honan, six; the second in the Province of Huquang, three Cities. This last excels the fertility of the other.

Chang•a, a great City and Territory, having Jurisdiction over ten Cities, in the Province of Huquang in China: watered with divers Rivers and Lakes. The Mountain call'd Jumo, yielding great quanties of Isinglass, stands here.

Chanry, or Chanonry, a fine Town and Port, on the Eastern Shoar of Scotland, in the County of Ross, on the North of Murray Fyrth.

Chantilly, a beautiful and ancient Seat belonging to the Prince of Conde, eight Leagues from Paris, two from Senlis, and near a Forrest call'd Chantilly. It is one of the most delightful Castles in the Kingdom of France.

Chaocheu, A great City and Territory, having Jurisdiction over nine Cities, in the Province of Quangtung in China. The City is adorn'd with two stately Temples, a large Bridge over a Navigable River, and is a very trading place.

Chaoking, the Capital City of a Territory of the same Name in the Province of Quangtung in China: having ten other Cities under its Jurisdiction. It is the Seat of a Vice-Roy, and full of Noble Buildings.

La Chapelle, a Town in the Province of Limosin in France.

Chappel in the Frith, a Market Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of High Peak.

Los Chare•s, sometimes also call'd la Plata from its Capital City, is a Province of the Southern America towards the Pacifick Ocean, below the Tropick, to the South of Peru.

Chard, A Market Town in Somersetshire in the Hundred of Kingsbury.

Charente, Carentelus, Caranthenus, a River of France, which ariseth in Limosin; and running Westward, entereth the Province of Poictou; from which it passeth to Angolesine, and Sainctes; and entereth the Aquitane Sea, right over against the Isle of Oleron, between the Garonne and the Loire.

Charenton, Carentonium, a Town in the Isle of France, about two Miles from Paris to the East, upon the River Marne, where it enters the Seine. This Place was allow'd for the Exercise of the Reformed Religion, which together with its nearness to Paris, made it very famous, till the demolishing of that Religion there.

La Charite, A large Town upon the Loire in the Province of Nivernois upon the ascent of a Hill betwixt Nevers and Cosne in France. Often taken and retaken in the Civil Wars of that Kingdom. Here the Loyre is covered with a good Bridge.

Charkliqueu, A Town in Cappadocia in the Lesser Ajia, two Leagues from Tocat, standing in a fruitful Country for Wine. There is the Rock not far from it, which served in the Exile of S. Chrysostom for the place of his retreat, much frequented by the devout Christians.

Charlemont, Carolomontium, a small but very strong Town, in the most Southern Border of the County of Namur, upon the River Mose, about four Miles South of Dinant, and nine from Namur. It belonged formerly to the Bishoprick of Liege; but was taken into this County, and fortified by Charles V. in 1555. by the consent of that Bishop.

Charlemont, an old Castle in the Province of Ʋlster in Ireland, in the County of Armagh, surrendred May 14. 1690. to the D. of Schomberg, upon Articles, for want of Provisions; having defended it self for about six Months, in the midst of all the Garrisons belonging to the said General, to admiration.

Charleville, Carolopolis, a new and strong City in Champagne, in France, upon the Mose, in the Territory de Retel; between Mezieres and Rocr•y; built by Charles Duke of Nevers and Mantoua in 1609. five Miles from Sedan, For which reason it not only bears his Name, but also is substituted in part under the Duke of Mantoua, and part the King of France.

Charleroy, a new built strong Town in Namur, where the Village of Charnoy stood; built by the Spaniards in 1666. and so called from the present King of Spain. In 1667. it was taken by the French, and in 1679. restored by the Treaty of Nimmeghen to the Spaniards. It lies five Leagues from Mons to the East, upon the River Sambre.

Charley, a Market Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Leyland.

Charles-Town, the Principal Town in the Island of Barbadoes, built by the English, and so called from Charles II. of England, of blessed Memory. § A considerable Settlement in New-England has received the same Name, from the same Excellent Prince: it is adorned with a large well built Church, and several fair Buildings.

Charlieu, A Town in the County of Charolois in Burgundy, which has risen from an Abby call'd Carilocus or Carus locus in the Diocese of Mascon. A Council was here celebrated in 926. for the rebuilding of Churches, and repairing of the Ruines of the Holy Places in Palestine.

Chars, or Chirsi, Chorsa, a strong City of Armenia Major, mentioned by Pliny, as standing near the Fountains of Euphrates. It is a Bishop's See, and the Residence of the Turkish Bassa, who keeps it with a strong Garrison against the Persians. It is well fortified, and has a fine Castle.

Charolles, Carolia, Quadrigellae, one of the chief Towns in the County so called, in Burgundy, upon the River Reconse, six Leagues from Cluny and the Loyre. It is honoured with a Collegiate Church, and some Religious Houses.

Charroux, Karrofium, an ancient Abby in the Province of Poictou, not far from Berry. Du Chesne, a French Antiquary, says, it took this Name, according to the vulgar opinion, from Chair-rouge, meaning the Prepuce of Jes▪ Ch. that was cut from him at his Circumcision, and was heretofore preserved as a Relick in this place.

Chartres, Carnutum, a City, and Bishoprick of the County of Blois in France, upon the River Eure, eighteen Leagues from Paris to the South-West, and sixteen from Orleans to the North. This Bishop was heretofore subject to the Archbishop of Sens, but in 1621. was put under the Archbishop of Paris. The City is the Capital of the County of Blois; and more particularly of a little Territory call'd Chartrain from it self; and has a noble Cathedral, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, whose Smock is kept here. In 1528.

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it was advanced to the honour of a Dukedom. Divers Synods of inferiour Note have been held here. It is likewise of good Antiquity, and one of the most agreeable Cities of France, by the general contribution of all things for that purpose.

Charybdis, the notorious Gulph upon the Coast of the Island of Sicily to the South, opposite to Scylla a Rock upon the Coast of Italy to the North, made equally known by the common Proverb. Bochartus, derives the Name from Char-Obdan, in the Phoenician Language, signifying the hole of destruction. They now call it Capo di Faro.

Chaslus, see Chalus.

Chasteau-Briant, a small Town in Brittany, nine or ten Leagues from Nantes towards the Confines of the Province of Anjou: Some esteem it as the Country of the ancient Cadates in Caesar's Commentaries. There is an old Castle standing in it.

Chasteau-Dun, Castelodunum, the Principal Town in Dunois, in la Beausse in France; upon the River Lo•re, nine Leagues from Blois to the North-West. The Antients gave it the name of Ʋrbs clara. And indeed we find in the fifth Century, that it was a City with the Seat of a Bishop. But being a dependant upon the Bishoprick of Chartres, a Council soon after deprived it of this honour.

Chasteau-Gontier, a Town upon the River Mayenne in the Province of Anjou in France, and the Diocese of Angers. Divers small Councils have been assembled at it.

Chasteau-Landon, a small Town in the Territory of Gastinois in the Isle of France upon the River Loing, between Nemours and Montargis.

Chasteau-du-Loyre, A Town upon the Loyre in the Province of Maine, five or six Leagues from Mans, with the Title of a Barony. It belongs to the Demesnes of the Crown.

Chasteau-Meliand, a small Town and Chatellany in the Province of Berry in France, remark'd particularly for its Castle and a Tower said to be built in the time of the Romans.

Chasteau-Neuf, A Town in the small Territory of Timerais within the Province of Perche in France; with others of the same Name in Anjou, Berry, Bresse, &c. whereof nothing particular.

Chasteau-Pelerin, a Fortress ten Miles from Caesarea upon the Sea Coast in the Holy Land: built for the security of the Christian Pilgrims that travel'd to Jerusalem; and in the year 1217. enobled with a Palace which the Templars erected for the service of their Grand Master. It has been since neglected and nigh ruin'd.

Chasteau-Porcien, A Town and Principality upon the River Aisne in the Territory de Retel in Champagne, below Rhetel. It was advanc'd to the Dignity of a Principality by Charles IX. in 1561.

Chasteau-Regnard, a small Town in the Territory of Gastinois in France upon the River Ouaine, two Leagues from Montargis.

Chasteau-Regnaud, a little Sovereignty upon the Meuse in Champagne, in the Territory of Retelois, two Leagues from Charleville. The Town is fortified: and the Title now born by Monsieur Chasteau-Regnaud, the French Admiral, who engaged Admiral Herbert at the Bantry in 1689. May 1.

Chasteau-Rous, a Town in Berry, upon the River Indre, between Bourges and Blanc. Lewis XIII. advanced it to the quality of a Dukedom and Peerdom in 1616. It is a considerable large Town, with a good Castle and divers publick Buildings. In Latin, Castrum Rufum and Castrum Rodulphium. § Also a City and an Episcopal See in the Island of Negropont, by the Ancients call'd Carystus, by the Italians, Castel rosso. The famous Carystium Marmor comes from hence.

Chasteau-Thierry, Castrum Theodorici, a City in the Isle of France, four Leagues South of Chastres: It stands upon the Marne, in the Confines of Champagne; and is a heat City, and a Dukedom; beautified with a Castle, and divers Churches. Baudrand placeth it in Brie, twenty Leagues from Paris to the South.

Chastel-Chinon, a small Town in the Province of Niverhois in France near the River Jonne, towards the Confines of Burgundy.

Chastellet; Castelletum, a Town in Namur, upon the River Sambre, six Miles West of Namur. There is another Town of the same Name in Picardy, at the head of the Scheld, three Leagues from St. Quintin North. This latter has been fortified being a Frontier Town: but in 1674. it was dismantled.

Chastel-herault, a Town upon the River Vienne, in the most Eastern Border of Poictou, seven Miles from Poictiers to the North-East. Francis I▪ dignified this Town in 1514. with the Title of a Dukedom and Peerdom. It was often taken and retaken in the French Civil Wars.

Chastillon sur Indre, a small Town in the Province of Touraine, some say Berry, in France upon the said River. §. Chastillen sur Loing, a handsom small Town in the Territory of Gustinois in France, about 4 Leagues from Montargis upon the River Loing. §. Chastillon sur Loyre, a Town in the Province of Berry below Cosne upon the Loyre. §. Chastillon sur Cher, is in the same Province towards the Confluence of the Sandre and the Cher. §. Chastillon sur Marne, A handsome small Town in Champagne, with a Chatellany thereunto belonging between Espernay and Chasteau-Thierry. There is a noble and ancient Family deriving their Name from it. §. Chastillon sur Seyne, a pretty Town in Burgundy between Alseile-Duc and Bar-sur-Seyne, divided in two by the River that distinguishes it from all the foregoing.

La Chastre, A great Town upon the River Indre in the Province of Berry in France, between S. Severe and Chateau-Roux: imparting its Name to a considerable Family of that Kingdom.

Chatham, a long thoroughfare Town in Kent in Aylesford Lath, upon the Bank of the Medway, and near Rochester. It is the principal Station of the Royal Navy of England: and therefore well provided with Storehouses, and a Dock for the building and equipping of the same.

Chatzan, a Town in the Kingdom of Hajacan in the East Indies within the Dominions of the Grand Mogul, not far from the conjunction of the Rivers Behat and Nilab.

Chaumont en Uexin, Calvomontium, a Town in that part of the Isle of France, call'd Vexin, upon a small River, about five Miles West of Beauvais, which has a ruined Castle.

Chaumont sur Marne, called Vexin-Francois, a very fine Town in Champagne, five Leagues South-West of Joinville, and about the same distance from Grand to the West. This was first walled in 1500. and has received its growth from the hands of three Kings, Lewis XII. Francis I. and Henry II.

Chauni, Calniacum, a small Town and Chatellany in the Government of the Isle of France upon the River Oise, between Noyon and la Fere. It belongs to the Crown.

Chaxan, a City in the Territory of Chingyang within the Province of Huquang in China. The Mountain Nuiqua, famous for a Temple that is built upon it in honour of a Woman a pretended Prophetess amongst the Chinese, stands near it.

Cheadle, a Market Town in Staffordshire in the Hundred of Totmonslow.

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Checkley, a Market Town in the same County and Hundred preceding, upon the River Teane.

Chekiam, a Province of China, which has Nankim on the North, and the River Kiam; Kiamsi on the West, Fokien on the South, and the Chinian Ocean on the East; the principal City is Hamcheu: it contains eleven Cities, sixty three walled Towns, and 1242135. Families. It lies between 27. and 32. deg. of Lat.

Chelles, a Town in the Isle of France near the Marne; famous for a Nunnery founded in 662. by the Queen Bathilde. It had heretofore a Royal Mansion also standing in it.

Chelmer, a River in Essex on which Maldon is situated.

Chelmesford, Caesaromagus, a Town in Essex, twenty five Miles North of London.

Chelo, A Fort in the Province of Junnan in China.

Chelsey, a place deserving particularly to be remark'd for the Magnificent and most Delightful Hospital, begun by King Charles II. continued by King James II. and now perfected, for the refuge and maintenance of disabled, poor, and Veterane Soldiers here. This being such a stately Pile, as to surpass by confession in divers respects, the famous Hotel des Invalide at Paris. Its situation near London is better known, than that we should need to mention more.

Cheltenham, a Market Town in Glocestershire, and the Capital City of its Hundred.

Chemnis, an Island of Egypt mentioned by Herodotus. Apollo had heretofore a Temple in it. The people used to believe that it floated. § We find mention made in Herodotus of a great City also of this Name, near to Nea, in the Country of Thebes.

Chepstow, a fine Market Town on the River Wye, on the Eastern Border of the County of Monmouth in Wales. It is fortified with a Wall, and has a spacious Castle on the other side of the River; supposed to have risen first out of the Ruines of Venta Silurum (the Capital City of the ancient Silures) four Miles distant from it.

Cher, Caris, a River which riseth in Auvergne, near Clermont; and running North-West through Berry, and on the South side of Tours, a little below this last, it falls into the Loyre.

Cherazoul, a Town in the Province of Curdistan in Asia, in the Road from Ninive to Hispahan, of very difficult access from the manner of its construction within a steep and cleted Rock.

Cherbourg, Caroburgus, a Sea-Port in Normandy in France, which has a tolerable good Harbor: ten Leagues West of Constance. This Town was lost by the English in 1453. Honfleur and Beaumont stand near it.

Chersonesus Aurea. See Malaca. Some believe this to be the Land of Ophir of King Solomon's time.

Cherry-Issand, an Island on the Coast of Greenland, in the most Northern part of the World; discovered to us, and denominated accordingly, by Sir Francis Cherry. There are many Mines of Lead growing in it.

Chertsey, A Market Town in Surrey; the Capital of its Hundred, not far from the River Thames, over which it enjoys a Bridge. The unfortunate King Henry VI. was first interred without Pomp here, and afterwards removed to Windsor.

Cherusci, an Antient and Valiant People of Germany, that dwelled between the Elbe and the Weser; having the Catti and the Hermonduri their Neighbours to the South, East and West. Their General, Arminius, is often mention'd with honour by Tacitus.

Cherwell, a River in Oxfordshire, at the confluence of which with the Isis stands the most famous University of Oxford.

Chesee, Povillux, a Town in Champagne, the Inhabitants whereof claim the privilege to assist at the Coronation of the Kings of France; and to convey the Holy Ampoulle or Oil (pretended to be brought by an Angel at the Consecration of the first Christian King of that Kingdom) from St. Rheimes to our Ladies Church in Rheimes.

Chesham, a Market Town in Buckinghamshire in the Hundred of Burnham.

Chester, Civitas Legionum, Cestria, is a City and Bishoprick, on the River Dee, in the Westernpart of Cheshire; whence often call'd West-Chester; with a fair Stone Bridge over that River. In this City it was that 7 Kings of the Scots and Brittains by way of Homage, rowed King Edgar in his Barge from S. John's Church to his Palace, himself as Sovereign holding the Helm. The East-gate is accounted one of the stateliest in England; and the Rows or Galleries made along the chief Streets, for preservation against the Rain, are very particular. It was an ancient Roman Town, call'd by Ptolemy Devana: made a Bishops See by Henry VIII. who put it under the Archbishop of York. The ancient Earls of Chester fortified it both with Walls and a Castle. It is now at this day a fine Place with 10 Parishes in it, a County Palatine, and the usual passage from England to Ireland. Its Long. 20. 23. Lat. 53. 11. Cheshire, Cestria, hath on the South Shropshire, on the East Stafford and Darby, on the North Lancashire, and on the West Denbigh and Flintshire; towards the North-West it has a Promontory that runs a great way into the Sea. It abounds more in good Pasturage than Corn, well stored with Parks, and watered by the Rivers Dee, Weever, and Mersey; and the Cheese of this County, is thought the best of England. The Earldom of it belongs to the Prince of Wales.

Chesterfield, a Market Town in Derbyshire in the Hundred of Scarsdale, pleasantly seated between two small Rivers in a very good Soil. King John made it a free Borough, King Henry III. and his Barons fought that Battel hard by it, in which Robert de Ferrers Earl of Derby was taken Prisoner, and lost his Estate and Dignity. King Charles I. advanced it to the Style and Title of an Earldom in the Person of Philip Lord Stanhop Anno 1628. whose Grandson at present possesses that Dignity.

Cheuxan, an Island upon the Coast of the Province of Chekiang in China, planted by above 70 small Towns and Villages of the Chinese.

Chewton, a Market Town in Somersetshire, the Capital of its Hundred: also written Chewton-Mendip.

Chiampana, Ciampa, a Kingdom of the further East-Indies, between Couchin-China, Cambaja, and the Mare Sinicum. Pulocacien is the principal City of it.

Chiamsi, a Province towards the South of China.

Chiangare. See Galatia, a Province of the Lesser Asia.

Chiapa, a Province of New Spain in America, watered by the Rivers Gryalva and rio blanco; and for many Ages past inhabited by 4 different Nations of Indians. Its Capital City is Civdad Real.

Chiarenza, a Town in the Morea, fifty five English Miles from Patras to the South. It is a Sea-Port-Town.

Chiaromonti, Claromons, a considerable Town in the South-East part of Sicily, in the Valley of Netina amongst the Mountains, about forty Miles from Pachino to the West.

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Chiavari, Clavarum, Claverinum, a small but well inhabited Town upon the Coast of Genoua, near Rapello in Italy, towards the fall of the River Layagna. The Genouese are said to build it in 1167. and after it had been ruined, to rebuild it.

Chiavenne, vide Claven.

Chichester, Cicestria, a City and Bishoprick in Sussex, founded by Cissa II. King of the South Saxons. After the Conquest it became a Bishops See, the Chair being removed from Selsey a small Village, not much above sive Miles to the Southward. This City is seated on a River call'd the Lavant, which encompasseth it on the West and South, about six Miles from the Sea, and almost in the Western Border of that County. The Honorable Charles Fitz-Roy Duke of Southampton was created Earl of Chichester, September 10. 1675 by Charles II. his Father. It is a fair City, with five or six Parish Churches, and a Cathedral, first erected by Radulph the third Bishop, afterwards rebuilt and beautified by Bishop Seffrid the second of the Name, when it had been almost consumed twice by Fire. The Corporation elects two Burgesses for Parliament, and would enjoy a better Trade, were not the Haven choaked up that is next adjoining to •it.

Chidley, a Market Town in Devonshire on the River Tinge.

Chiemzee, or Chiempsee, Chiemium, a City and Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Saltzburgh in the Dukedom of Bavaria, about ten Leagues from Munich and Saltzburgh each. It is no very considerable place. An Archdeacon of Saltzburgh founded the Bishoprick in the year 1214.

Chieri, a Town in Piedmont, where the French obtained a signal Victory against the Spaniards in 1639. It lies three Miles to the Eastward of Turino, and was heretofore a Potent City, and a Commonwealth; but is now in Subjection to the Duke of Savoy.

Chifale, an Island in the Gulph of Arabia.

Chilafa, or Chielefa, is a Fortress on the South of the Morea, thirty eight English Miles North-West of Cape Matapan, a Place of great Importance, both as to its natural and artificial Fortifications; and surrendred to the Venetians in 1686.

Chilca, a fruitful Valley in the Kingdom of Peru, ten Leagues from Lima and six from Pachacama. The Salvages manure it with Sardines.

Chili, one of the most Potent Kingdoms of the South America. When the Spaniards entred the New World, it was first discovered by them in 1535. It lies four hundred Leagues in length from North to South, but its breadth is not great: bounded on the North by Peru, on the West by the Pacifick Ocean, or the Mar del Zur; on the South by Magellanica, and on the East by the Andes. A part of the Inhabitants of this Country retiring into these Andes, have defended their Lives and Liberties against the Spaniards ever since; and have sometimes given them great Overthrows. S. Jago is the Capital City of it. Many Mines of Gold and Quarries of Marble grow within its bowels. Yet a very cold Country, governed by a Vice-Roy in subordination to the Vice. Roy of Peru.

Chiloe or Chilue, an Island and Town belonging to the Kingdom of Chili; South of the extreme parts of that Country, in the West-Indies: giving Name to a neighbouring Gulph, called the Archipelago of Chiloe, because of the number of the Islands therein.

Chimarioti, Ceraunii, are a Ridge of very high Mountains in Albania or Epirus; which run from the North-East to the South-West, and lie not above fifty Miles North of Corfu. See Ceraunii.

Chimay, Chimacum, a Town and Castle in Hainault, in the Confines of Champagne, upon the River Alby, which falls into the Mase, three German Miles from Mariebourg to the South-West. This Town was made a Principality by the Emperor Maximilian I. in 1486.

Chimera, a City in the Confines of Macedonia, between the Mountains of Chimarioti, upon the shoars of the Gulph of Venice, which has a strong Sea-Port. It lies about 30 Miles North of Corfu, upon a Rock which has Precipices on all Sides; whither all the Country People retire when need requires; by which they have preserved themselves from the Turks, and will pay him no Tribute. They are stout Men and good Soldiers; but infamous for Theft and Robbery, preying equally upon the Turks and Christians. Yet they are Christians by Profession, and subject to the Bishop of Janina in Thessaly. Vide Wheeler's Travels. § There is a flaming Mountain, mention'd by Pliny, Strabo, Ovid, &c. in Lycia of this Name; from whence the Poets, and after those the Philosophers derive the Fiction of a Chimaera, whereby they understand a meer Creature of the Imagination compos'd of such Contradictions and absurdities in Relation to one another, as cannot possibly be any where united into a being, only in Thought: But what Occasion our Mountain gives for such a Whimsey, the Mythologists are put to others to invent.

Chi•tu, one of the Principal Cities in China, the Capital of the Province of Suchyen, on the Borders of West Tartary, between the Mountains and the River Kiam, in Long. 131. 40. Lat. 30. 40.

Chin, A famous Lake in the Province of Junnan in China, occasion'd by the total swallowing up of a great City which formerly stood in the place by an Earthquake.

Chinca, a large and beautiful Valley in the Diocese of Lima in Peru, discovered by Pizarro, whose Government by Order from the King of Spain, was limited by the River S. Jago to the North, and this Valley to the South. It yields plenty of Corn and Wine.

Chinkiang, a well built and populous City of the Province of Nanking in China, with a Territory of the same Name, whereof it is the Capital: having Jurisdiction over two other Cities. The Physicians of this place have the reputation of the best of that Faculty in all China.

Chinon, a Town upon the Vienne in Touraine in France, above four Leagues from the fall of that River into the Loyre, and ten from Tours to the South-West. It was here that the famous Maid of Orleans first came and offered her service to Charles VII. of France in 1429. And for the Situation of it, it is thought to be of that importance, as to deserve a Garrison in the Castle.

Chintin, a City in the Province of Pekin, in the North of China; having a Command over one and thirty Cities.

Chintu, a great City and Territory, comprehending nine and twenty other Cities in the Province of Suchuen in China. See Chimtu.

Chinyven, a Town in the Province of Junnan in China, situated in a Country that is rich in Silver Mines. The Fort called Loko belongs to the Government of this Town. § A second in the Province of Quiechen in the same Kingdom, with a Territory called also Chinyven, having Jurisdiction over five Cities.

Chio, an Island of the Archipelago, over against Smyrna, not above twelve Leagues from the nearest Coast of Asia; call'd by the Turks Sakisadasi, that is, the Isle of Mastick. It belonged to the Family of the Justiniani of Genoua heretofore; but in 1566. conquered by the Turks, under whom it now is. It is about eighty Miles in Circuit, very fruitful and populous, and inhabited for the most part by Christians, who live here with greater liberty, and kinder usage, than in any other part of Turkey. The Men are proud, ignorant, lazy and ugly, but the Women are beautiful; Thevenot. In the Eastern part of the Isle stands the City Chio, which has had the honour in former times to be first an Episcopal See under Rhodes, and afterwards an Archiepiscopal one. Now inhabited by Turks, Jews, Latin and Greek Christians, with the free exercise of their respective Religions. It enjoys the advantage of a good Port and Castle to enrich and desend it: and they reckon about fifteen Villages in the Island besides.

Chioza, Clodia Fossa, Chioggia, a small City which is a Bishops See in a small Island of the Adriatick, about fifteen Miles from Venice South; made famous by the Valour of the Genoese, who in 1380. took it; but it returned under the Dominion of the Venetians again. The Bishop is a Suffragan to the Patriarch of Venice.

Chiorlick, a Town in Romandiola, near to which Bajazet defeated his Son Selim, who was then in Rebellion against him.

Chippenham, a Market Town in Wiltshire. The Capital of the Hundred; upon the River Avon. It returns two Burgesses to the Parliament.

Chipping-Norton, a Market Town in Oxfordshire in the Hundred of Chadlington.

Chipping-Ongar, a Market Town in the County of Essex in the Hundred of Ongar.

Chisary, the only Town of Turcomania, the ancient Seat of the Turks in Asia; seated upon the River Euphrates, near its Head or Spring; forty five German Miles West of Testis.

Chiton, a Province of the Empire of the Great Mogul in the Terra firma of the Indies, betwixt the Provinces of Malva and Guzurate; having a City of its own Name for the Capital, in which you see the Remains of divers Magnificent Pagods or Pagan Temples; together with a Castle which serves for a Prison of State.

Chnin or Knin. The same with Clin.

Chobar, see Chaibar.

Chocolococa, or Castro Virreyna, as the Spaniards call it, a Town in the Kingdom of Peru, sixty Leagues from Lima to the South, and two from the Silver Mines of a Mountain that is perpetually covered with Snow. The Silver is fine, but the Veins not being very full of it, they pay no more than the Tenths to the King of Spain.

Chogaco, a Castle in the Lower Hungary, surrendred to the Imperialists Octob. 18. 1687.

Chogan, a Town in the Province of Xansi in China near the River Fy: remarkable for a Flying Bridge (as the Chinese call it, because it is elevated fifty Perches high in the Air)▪ which communicates a passage betwixt two Mountains on each side the River at the distance of forty Perches from one another, yet consists but of a single Arch.

Cholm-Kill, Insula Sancti Columbani, Rana, an Island in the West of Scotland, famous for a Monastery there built by Columbanus the Apostle of the Scotch Nation: it lies opposite to Knapdale: thirteen Miles North of Yea, and about fifty from New-Castle in Ireland. This is one of the five Islands called Hebudes or Hebrides. The ancient City Sodore stands in it.

Chonad, Canadum, Genadum, a City in the Ʋpper Hungary, upon the River Merish; which falls into the Tibiscus at Segedin, about three German Miles East of Segedin. This is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Colocza, and the Capital of the County of Chonad; which lies between the Rivers of Merish and Temez.

Chorasan. See Corasan.

Chotezim, Chotimia. See Cotzchin.

Christ-Church, A Market Town in Hampshire, situated betwixt the Rivers Avon and Stower at their fall into the Sea. It is the Capital of its Hundred, and has the Privilege of Electing two Burgesses for the Parliament.

Christianstad, Christianopolis, a Town of Denmark in the Confines of Sweden, adorned by Christian IV. King of Denmark. It lies in the County of Bleckling; taken by the Swedes, and burnt in 1611. which was the occasion of rebuilding it. There is a good Port to the Baltick Sea there.

Christina, a Town in New Sweden in the Northern America, built by the Swedes in the year 1640. and so called from Christina their Queen of famous Memory. The Dutch and English have since taken it from the Swedes, and the latter again from former.

Chthonia, a very ancient Name of the Island of Crete.

Chucheu, a great City and Territory, extending its Jurisdiction over nine other Cities in the Province of Chekiang in China; set about with Mountains, but the Valleys thereof are fruitful enough.

Chunking, the Capital City of the Territory of this Name in the Province of Suchuen in China, having nineteen old Cities under its Command. It is one of the most Magnificent Places in China.

Chudleigh, a Market Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of Exmister. The Lord Clifford has a Noble Seat here, to whom it gives the Title of a Baron.

Chulmleigh, a Market Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of Witheridge.

Church-Stretton, a Market Town in the County of Salop in the Hundred of Munslow.

Churnet, a River of Staffordshire.

Chu•ei, a People of the ancient Province called Chuta in Persia, who being transplanted to Samaria (whence afterwards called Samaritans) and there adoring the Idols that they brought with them of the Gentile invention, were infested with Lions out of the Desart, till they gat a Jewish Priest to instruct them in the manner of the God of the Land. And then they served their Idols, and the God of Israel together. This transplantation happened upon the carrying away of the Jews Captives to Assyria. 2 Kings 17. The men of Cuth, v. 30. meaning these Chutes.

Cibola or Civola, a Province of the Southern America, the same with what the Spaniards call New Granada, from a City of that Name of their building.

Cicones, an ancient People of Thrace, near the River Hebrus. Ovid mentions them upon the occasion of a River in their Country, that would petrisie the Bowels of such as drunk of it.<blockquote>Flumen habent Cicones, quod potum Saxea reddit Viscera, quod tactis inducit marmora rebus.</blockquote>Cicules or Zeckels, a People in the North of Transylvania towards the Confines of Poland, thought to be a remainder of the Huns under another Name, or else derived from Tartary. In Religion they are generally Calvinists or Socinians. They possess seven several quarters thereabouts, whereof the Capital Town is Neumark.

Cilicia, a Province of Asia the Less, lying along the Coast of the Mediterranean, with Cappadocia and a part of Armenia to the North. Now contained in the Province of Caraman, and sometimes called Finichia. Tharsus, Pompeiopolis, Lajazzo, are the principal Cities of it.

Cillei, Cilleja, Celia, a Town in Stiria, upon the River Saana, which soon after falls into the Drave. The Capital of a County of the same Name; about five Miles from the Borders of Carniola Northward.

Cimbri, the Origine of this ancient People lies under dispute; as whether descended from the Scythians, or the Saxons, or the Danes; or whether the same with the Cimmerii. Cluverius supposes that they did anciently possess the Cimbrica Chersonesus. It is certain, that about the year of Rome 639. these People marched with an Army of 300000. fighting Men, besides Women and Children, in search of a New Country to live in. And being joined by the Teutones, the Ambrones, the Tigurii, and others in the way, they ravaged Germany, Istria, Sclavonia, the Grisons, Switzerland; till met and overcome by Marius in a very bloody Battle in the Field, called Campus Marii, between Aix and S. Maximin near the little River Arc in Province, Anno Romae 652.

Cimmerii, the ancient Name of a People in Italy, that dwelt in subterraneous Caverns near the Lake Averno; and of another towards the Euxine Sea, from whom the Bosphorus Cimmerius derives its denomination. Whether of these two occasioned the Proverb Cimmeriae Tenebrae, from the darkness of their habitations, the Learned make a difference not worth the determining.

Cinaloa, a Province of New Mexico in the South America, bounded by Guadalajara to the South, and to the North by the Vermiglian Ocean.

Cinan, a great City in China, in the Province of Xantum, in the North-East of that Kingdom, in Long. 145. Lat. 36. It is adorned with divers stately Palaces and Pagods. The Jesuits have also a Church here: and nine and twenty other Cities lie under the Jurisdiction of this.

Cinca or Cinga, a River of the Kingdom of Aragon in Spain, springing from the Pyrenees below Bielsa; afterwards joining the Segre about Fraga, and ending with the Ebro. Lucan styles it Cinga rapax.

Ciucheu, see Quancheu.

Cingary, a People of Africa.

Cingcheu, a great City in the Province of Xantung in China, with a Territory containing thirteen Cities more. The Territory is full of Hills, yet not defective in the Necessaries of Life.

Ciolfa or Zulpha, a Town of Armenia upon the River Aras; desolated by Scha-Abas King of Persia, and all the Inhabitants carried away into Persia and setled in Gilan and Hispahan there, for to promote the Trade of Silks.

Cioutat, a fair Town and a secure Port in Provence in France, betwixt Marseilles and Thoulon; adorned with divers Churches and Religious Houses. Particularly, at a Monastery of the Services hard by it, there is a remarkable Fountain ebbing and flowing with the Sea. The Name is but a Corruption of Civitas.

Ciradio, a River of Corsica.

Cirencester, Corinium, Durocornovium, Cornovium, an old Roman City in Glocestershire, upon the River Churne, about twelve Miles South-East of Glocester. Here the four Proconsular ways made by the Romans, crossed each other; and vast numbers of Roman Coins, Inscriptions, &c. have been digged up. But this City was so ruined by the Saxons and Danes, that what is walled in, is not a fourth part of it inhabited; the rest being Fields and Orchards: the Inhabitants subsist mostly by Clothing. It was taken by Prince Rupert by Storm, Feb. 2. 1643.

Cirenza. See Acerenza.

Cirrha, an antient Town in Phocis upon the Gulph of Corinth near the City Delphes, to which it serv'd as a Port; giving the Name of Cirrhaeus Sinus to a Part of the same Gulph.

Cirte, or Cirtha, an antient City of Numidia in Africa; called afterwards Constantine, being the Capital of the Province of Constantine in the Kingdom of Algier. In this City, we read in Salust that Jugurtha kill'd Adherbal the Son of Micipsa King of Numidia. It became an Episcopal See in the Primitive Ages of Christianity. A Council was assembled at it in 303. by Secundus Primate of Numidia, wherein almost all the Bishops of that Province were convicted of the Crime of Traditores, that is, delivering up their Bibles to the Infidels in Persecution A Second in 412. whereat S. Austin assisted.

Cithaeron, a Mountain of Boeotia consecrated amongst the antient Poets to Bacchus.

Citta di Castello, Tifernum, Tiberinum, a Town in the Dukedom de Ʋrbino, in the Ecclesiastical State, upon the River Tiber, 10 Miles from S. Sepulcher. It has a small Territory annexed to it, called il Contado di Castello, under the Popes Dominion; of which this City is the Capital.

Citta di Chieti, Teatea, a City in the hither Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples, near the River Pescara, 7 or 8 Miles from the Adriatick. Whence

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the Order of the Religious Theatines derives their Appellation; one of their Founders having sometime been Bishop hereof.

Citta-Ducale or Reale, a City in the further Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples, being a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Chieti. It stands upon the River Velino, 15 Miles from Aquila, within the States of the Church.

Citta Nova, a City of Histria in Italy, with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Aquileia, at the fall of the River Quieto into the Adriatick: In a bad Air and consequently little inhabited. Called Nova because built since, and a little below the Ruines of the antient Aemonia.

Citta della Pieve, Civitas Plebis, a small Town in the Perugine in Italy belonging to the Ecclesiastical State.

Citta di Sole, a well fortified Town in the Province of Romagna in Italy upon the little River Fagnone, belonging to the Grand Duke of Tuscany.

Citta Vecchia, Medina, or Melita, a City in the Island of Maltha, with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Palermo, situated upon a Hill in the middle of the Island, having formerly been the Capital thereof.

Cittadelli, Cittadella, the Capital Town with a Port and some Fortifications of the Island of Minorca.

Civdad Real, a City in the Province of Chiapa (thence▪ commonly it self call'd Chiapa) in the South America, being a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Mexico; whereof the famous Bartholomeo della Casa was Bishop in the last Age. § There is of this Name a Town in New Castile in Spain, upon the River Guadiana, between Calatroua and Almagra. The same is a large Town in a fruitful Plain, but not very well peopled.

Civdad-Rodrigo, a City of the Kingdom of Leon in Spain upon the River Agujar and the Frontiers of Portugal. It is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Compostella. Supposed to have been built by Ferdinand II. in the Year 1200. for a Rampart against the Portugueze.

Civencheu, a great City in the Province of Fokien in China, with a Territory of the same Name annexed to it, commanding six old Cities. This City is extraordinarily traded; and in its Temples, Palaces, triumphant Arches and Houses, appears an admirable and magnificent Place. A little West of it is to be seen the Bridge of Loyang over the River Loyang, 360 Perches long, about one and an half broad, so curiously contrived with great Pillars instead of Arches, and so finely imbellished with Sculptures, as no where to find a Parallel in the World.

Cividad del Roy Philippo, a Colony of Spaniards planted in Magellanica, at the Mouth of the Streights of Magellan; but dissipated by Famine again, it being far remote from their Countries and seldom visited.

Civita Nova, a small Town in the Marcha Anconitana in Italy 5 or 6 Miles from Loretto, and near the Adriatick, upon a Hill; dignified with the Title of a Dukedom.

Civita Busella, Bucellum, a Town in the hither Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples upon the River Sangro.

Civita Vecchia, a famous Port in S. Peter's Patrimony in Italy; believed by some to be the Centum Cellae of the Antients.

Civitella, a Town in the farther Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples, upon a Rock, with the River Librata at the Foot of it. Besieged by the French in 1557. under the Duke of Guise in vain.

Clagenfurt, Clagenfurtum, Claudia, the Capital Town of the Dutchy of Carinthia in Germany, • Leagues from the River Drave, and the same Distance from S. Veir. There is a great Lake near it. It is a fortified Town. See Klagenfurt.

Clain, Clanis, Clitis, a River of the Province of Poictou in France, which having received the Vonne, the Cloūere, &c. passes by Poictiers, and loses its Name at length in the Vienne below Chasteleraud.

Clairvaux, Clarevallum, a famous Abbey of Champaigne, upon the River Aube, in the Diocese of Langres, 5 or 6 Leagues from the said City: Founded in the Year 1115. by the Great S. Bernard: Himself being the first Abbot: Who left above •00 Religious in it at his Death. Hence the Title of Abbas Clarevallensis given that very Divine Person.

Clare, Clarence, Clarentia, a Country-Village in the County of Suffolk, upon the River Stour which divideth Essex from Suffolk; about 6 Miles West of Sudbury. It had once a Castle, but now ruined; yet famous for the great Men who have born the Titles of Earls or Duke of it: The last of which was George Duke of Clarence, Brother to Edward IV. King of England, who in 1421. was drowned in a Butt of Malmesey. The second King at Arms retains the Surname of Clarencieux, as appertaining formerly to the Dukes of Clarence. At present the Title of Earl of Clare, is in the Family of Hollis. § There is also a Town and County in the Province of Connaught in Ireland, of this Name; the former standing near the Fall of the River Fergus into the Shannon.

Clarendon, or Clarindon, is a Noble Country House and Park, belonging heretofore to the Kings of England, about 2 Miles North of Salisbury in Wiltshire. Famous of old, for a Parliament here held in 1164. where were made the Constitutions of Clarindon. Charles II. of blessed Memory added a new and lasting Honor to this Place, when April 20. 1661. three Days before his Coronation, he created the Loyal Edward Hide (late Lord Chancellor) Earl of Clar•ndon, Viscount Cornbury, &c. who dying at Roüen in Normandy in 1674. was succeeded by Henry his eldest Son, a Person of great Virtue and Goodness.

Clarentia, or Clarenza, a Country in the Morea, described to contain the antient Achaia, (properly so called) Sicyonia and Corinth. Heretofore renowned under particular Dukes of its own. The capital City bears the same Name of Clarenza.

Claros, a mountainous Island of the Aegean Sea, consecrated in antient times to Apollo. Called at present Calamo. § The Name of Claros is likewise born by a Town, now unknown; but mentioned we find amongst the Antients, as belonging to the Colophonii in Ionia: Apollo having had an Oracle in it, and his Attribute thence deriv'd of Clarius Deus.

Claven, Cleven, Clavenna, a small City in the Valtoline, with an Earldom call'd by the Germans the Graffschaft von Cleven. This City stands 5 Leagues from the Lake that bears its Name, to the North, upon the River Maiera; called by the French, Chiavenne.

Clausenbourg, Claudipolis, called by the Inhabitants Coloswar, is the principal Town in Transylvania; great▪ populous, and ennobled with an antient Castle. All the Publick Affairs of that Principality are transacted, and Justice administred here. It stands upon the River Samosch, nine German Miles from A'ba Jùlia North, and fifteen from Waradin East. The Duke of Lorrain put into it an Imperial Garrison, Oct. 19. 1687. upon Articles agreed in a peaceable manner by the Magistrates and Governor for the late Prince Abafti.

Clay, a Market-Town in the County of Norfolk and the Hundred of Holt.

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Clazomenae, the Birth-place of the Philosopher Anaxagoras; an antient City of Ionia in Asia Minor, built in the Year of Rome 98. upon the Aegeun Sea, betwixt Smyrna and Chio.

Clebu•g Mortimer, a Market-Town in Shropshire, in the Hundred of Stottesden.

Clerac, or Clairac, a Town in the County of Agennois, in Guyenne in France; 4 Leagues from Agen, and the same Distance from Nerac. It stands upon the River Lot which a little below falls into the Garonne. And has a famous Abbey in it.

Clermont en Argene, a Town in the Dukedom of Bar, upon the River Ayr, four Leagues from Verdun West, and seven from Barleduc North-East. This belongeth to the Duke of Lorrain, but in 1654. was taken from him, and annexed to the Crown of France. It is honoured with the Title of an Earldom.

Clermont en Auvergne, Arvernae, Claromons, Claromontium; the principal City of the Province of Auvergne, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Bourges. It stands upon a declining ground in a Territory called Limaigne, which is very fruitful, upon the River Tiretaine; twenty Leagues South of Moulins, and twenty five East of Limoges. Here was a General Council celebrated in 1095. under Pope Ʋrban II. in which the Croisade for the recovery of the Holy Land was concluded, and Godfrey of Bouillon declared General of the same. Also Philip I. King of France was excommunicated, until his repentance, for Adultery. This is thought to have arisen out of the Ruines of Gergovia, an old Roman Town. It is honoured with the Title of an Earldom belonging to the Crown ever since the Union of Auvergne with the Crown.

Clermont on Beauvais, a Town in the Isle of France, five Leagues South of Beauvais▪ in the North-East Border of that County. The Earldom of this place is famous for giving a beginning to the Royal House of Bourbon, in the Person of Robert of France, Earl of Clormont en Beavais, the Son of St. Lewis.

Clermont de Lodeve. a Town in Languedoc upon the River Lorgue, four and twenty Leagues from Avignon West. So distinguished, because standing in the Diocese of Lodeve. It gives Name to an Honourable Family, and is beautified with a Collegiate Church, a Cattle, and some Monasteries. § There are other Clermonts in this Kingdom: One in Danphine in the Territory of Viennois, giving the Title of an Earldom, and its Name to an Honourable Family. Another in the Province of Ansou, from which there is also a House of Quality denominated.

Cleri, Clariacum, a small Town near Orleans upon the Borders of the Province of Sologne in France; where Lewis XI. lies interred in a Church dedicated to the Virgin, of his own establishment; pretending to Miracles.

Cleveland, a Tract in the North Riding of Yorkshire of good extent, taking its Name (says Mr. Cambden) from the Cliffs running along the side of it, at whose feet the Country spreads it self into a fine fruitful Plain. King Charles I. did this place the honour to make it give the Title of an Earl to Thomas Lord We••••orth: who dying without issue, King Charles II. created Barbara Villiers Daughter to the Lord Viscount Grandison (who was slain in the Civil Wars) and Wife to the present Earl of Castlemain, Dutchess of Cleveland.

Cleves, Clivia, Castra Ʋlpia, Calonis, a City and Dukedom in Germany; called by the Inhabitants Cleef; by the French, Cleves; and seated upon a small River about three Miles from the Rhine. Heretofore much greater, as appeareth by the Ruines about it; and thought to have been built by Caesar. The last Duke dying in 1609. a War happened, in which the Duke of Brandenburg seized one part of this Dukedom, and the Duke of Newburgh another: the Hollanders in the mean time by Mauritius their General in 1628. seized the City of Cleves. But in 1672. the French having taken this and all the other Towns possessed by the Hollanders, and in 1673. being no longer able to keep them, he put them into the hands of the Duke of Brandenburgh. The Dukedom of Cleves is bounded on the North and West with the Dukedom of Guelderland; on the East by the Bishoprick of Munster, and the Earldom of Marck; on the South with the Dukedom of Berghe, and the Bishoprick of Cologne. The Rhine divides it into two equal parts.

Clichy, Clipiacum, a small Village near Paris, which the former Kings of France delighted in as a place of Pleasure. King John instituted the Order of the Knights of the Star in it. Dagobert I. was here married to Commentrude or Gomatrude his first Wife, from whom he was afterwards divorced, because she proved barren. A Synod was also held here in 659.

Cliff Kings, a Market Town in Northamptonshire in the Hundred of Willibrook.

Climeno, a Port in the Island of Sancta Maura, on the Coast of Epirus, thirty English Miles North of Samo. Here the Venetian Fleet rendezvoused in the year 1687. See Mr. Wheeler, pag. 36.

Clin, an important Fortress in Dalmatia not far from Scardona; surrendred to the Venetian Forces, commanded by General Cornaro, Sep. 12. 1688. after a fortnights Siege; whereupon 150 Christian Slaves received their Liberty.

Clissa, a Fortress in Dalmatia, taken by the Venetians in 1648.

Clitheroe, A Market Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Blackburn, which returns two Members of Parliament.

Clitumno, Clitumnus, is a small River in the State of the Church in Italy; it ariseth in a place called Le Vene, from three Springs beneath the Village Campello, two Miles from Trevi; and running Westward, watereth Fuligne; then falls into the Topino, which entereth the Tiber five Miles beneath Perugia.

Clogher, Cloceria, a small City and Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Armagh in the County of Tyrone, in the Province of Ʋlster, upon the River Black VVater: fifteen Miles East of the Lake of Earne, and twenty five West of Armagh.

Cloucy, Clona, an old ruined City in the County of Cork in the Province of Munster, fifteen Miles from Lismore South, and twenty five from Cork South-East. Heretofore a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of T•am, but now a Village.

Clonefert, Clonefertia, a small ruined Irish City in the County of Gallway, in the Province of Connaught, upon the Shannon; fifteen Miles from Gallway East, and twelve from Athlone South. This was a Bishoprick under the same Archbishop with the former.

Clonmel, the Assize-Town for the County Palatine of Tipperary in the Province of Munster in Ireland, upon the River Showre; considerably strong, handsome, and rich.

Cluid or Clyd, Glota, Cluda, is one of the principal Rivers in Scotland; it riseth in Craufurdmuir, not far from the head of Twede; and running North-West by Lanrick, passeth by Glasquo; fifteen Miles beneath which, it falls into Dunbrittainfyrth: it gives Name to Cluisdale, Cluesdalia, Glottiana, or the Valley of Cluid. § Cluid, a River in Denbighshire, which passeth on the West of Ruthin and S. Asaph, through the delightful, fruitful and healthful Valley of Cluid, to the Irish Sea; which it entereth five Miles

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beneath S. Asaph, carrying with it the Streams of ten other small Rivers.

Cluny, Cluniacum, a famous Abbey of the Benedictines in the Territory of Masconnois within the Dukedom of Burgundy, founded in the year 910. It gives Name to a small Town upon the Grosne, four Leagues from Mascon. The Popes, Gregory VII. Ʋrban II. and Paschal II. with a great number of Cardinals and Bishops have been given to the Roman Church by this Abbey; which is so very large a Foundation, that we find it lodged at once, S. Lewis King of France, Baldwin Emperour of Constantinople, Pope Innocent IV. the two Patriarchs of Antioch and Constantinople, twelve Cardinals, three Archbishops, and abundance of Secular and Ecclesiastical Nobility of their Relations and Attendants, without obliging the Religious to quit any of their ordinary Apartments, in the year 1245 after the Celebration of the first General Council of Lyons.

Clusium, or Chiusi, a City in the Dukedom of Florence in Italy, with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Sienna, upon the Borders of the Ecclesiastical States. It stands in a Valley called Chiana near a Lake of the same Name, and heretofore was the Capital of Hetruria under King Porsenna; call'd likewise Camers, says Livy. This is a different place from Chiusi novo in the same Dukedom, which stands towards the Sources of the Tiber.

Cnidus, see Gnido.

Coa, Cuda, a River of Portugal which riseth East of Guarda, and falls into the Douro at Almendra, a Village about ten Spanish Miles East of Lamego.

Coanza, a River in the South part of the Kingdom of Congo in Africa; springing from the Lake of Zaire, and thence running to throw it self into the Aethiopick Ocean near the Isle of Loanda.

Coblentz, Cobolentz, Confluentes, a strong and populous City, seated where the Moselle and the Rhine meet, twelve Miles North-East of Trier, and ten from Cologne to the South. Heretofore an Imperial Free Town, but in 1312. by Henry VII. exempt, and now subject to the Elector of Tri•r•▪ A••u•phus one of these Electors in 1250. first walled it. Gaspar à Petra, another of later times, much improved its Fortifications by drawing a Line from one River to the other, with Fortifications after the most regular Modern way. The situation hereof is very pleasant, having a Stone Bridge over the Moselle, and another of Boats over the Rhine; and on the opposite Shoar of the Rhine, a very Noble Palace of the Electors; two large Wings of which, and the Front, with five Pavilions, stand towards the River. In the German Wars, the Spaniards put a Garrison into this Town, which was beaten out by the S•edes: and when the French had in later times wheedled the Elector out of his strong Castle, the Emperour's Forces seized upon the Elector (Philippus Christoph•rus) and carried him away to Vienna. In •60. ••nder Charles the Bald, here was a Council, or Diet held • and in 922. another under Henry II. The Marquis de Bous••er• came before it in November 1688. with seven or eight thousand French; but retired with the satisfaction only of having shot into it •• great •• any Bombs.

Coblentz, a Village in Switzerland upon the Rhine, where the Arola [A•r] fall• into it, in the Borders of Schu••••n, seven Miles from Basll to the West.

Cobourg, Melocatus, a small Town in Fra•co••a upon the River Itsch, in the County of Henneberg, and in the Borders of Thi••ingen, under the Dukes of Saxony; which has also a fine Castle. It stands 8 Miles from Smaleald to the South-East, and 5 from Bamberg to the North.

Cocas, Cochias, Caucasus, a Mountain in Asia.

Cocco, Laus, a River of Calabria.

Cochin, Cochinum, a City of the East-Indies, near the Promontory of Malabar; called by the Portuguese Cochim, by the Italians Cochino; the Capital of a Kingdom of that Name, and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Goa. It has a large Haven and Fort called S. James's Fort, built by the Portuguese in 1503. The Country is very well watered and fruitful; antiently called Colchi as some think; but however the Portuguese were Masters of it ever since they built that Fort, till 1663; when the Hollunders took it from them. The Kings of this City have always born a great Kindness for the Portuguese: And when at first the King of Calecut would have destroyed them, he took part with them against him, and protected them; and when the Hollanders had beaten them out, the present King refused to be Crowned in the usual Place, till the Portuguese were restored to it. This City stands 36 Leagues from Calecut to the South, and is watered by a fine River. The Country about it yields much Pepper. Those they call the Christians of S. Thomas have the Liberty of their Religion here; using an Office of the Chaldean Language. Long. 105. 00. Lat. 10 00. There is another Town of the same Name in the Island of Lemnia, but now ruin'd.

Cochin-China, call'd by the Inhabitants Cachucyna, and by the Portuguese Cauchin-China, or Couchin-China, is the most Easterly Kingdom in the East-Indies, on the Continent; bounded on the North by the Kingdom of Tungking, on the West by a People called Kemis and its own Desarts, on the South by Tsiompa or Ciampa, and on the East it has a vast Bay of the Ocean, call'd after its own Name, the Gulph or Bay of Cochin-China, opposite to the Isle of Hainan. Alexander de Rhodes, a French •esuit, has lately given a large Account of this Country, which is subject to a King of its own; and stands divided into si• Provinces, each under a subordinate Governour.

Cockermouth, a Market-Town in the County of Cumberland, situated upon the River Cocker, near its fall into the Derwent; by which two Rivers it is almost surrounded. About 8 Miles from the Sea, with a Castle upon one of the Hills adjoining to it.

Cocytus, the antient Name of two Rivers; the one in the Kingdom of Epirus, the other near the Lake of Averno in Italy. The Poets call one of their four fictitious Rivers of Hell by this Name.

Coclosyria, the Region betwixt the Mountains Libanus and Antilibanus in Asia, in which the River Orontes springeth.

Coesfield, a small but strong City of Westphalia, upon the River Berkel; about 5 German Miles from Munster to the North. The Bishop of Munster doth often relide in this Place.

Coetquen, or Coesquen, a Town and Castle in Brittany, near Dinan•, which gives name to a Family of Honor. Henry III. advanc'd it to the Dignity of a Marqinsate in 1575.

Coeworden, Coevorden, Baduhennae Luc•s, Covordia, is a very strong and fortified Town in the Prov•••e of Overyssel in the Low-Countries▪ the principal Town of Dren•e, standing in the Marshes near the Borders of the Bishoprick of Munster, who has formerly possessed it; but it is now in the Hands of the Du•oh; it lies about a Mile from the River Ve••t, (Vidru•,) and two from Hardenberg to the South-East. It was often taken and retaken in the Civil Wars of the Low-Countries.

Coggeshal, a Market-Town in Essex in the Hundred of Lexden.

Cognac, Con•cuin, Campiniac•m; a Town in the Dukedom of Angoumo•s in France, upon the River Chara•te, betwixt Jarna• and X••ntes. It stands in a fine fruitful Soil, for Wine especially. Francis I.

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King of France, being born here, built it a Fortress. In the Year 1238. there was a Council held at it. In the Civil Wars of France it was taken and retaken: Nevertheless accounted a place of Strength.

Cogni, Iconium, a City of Cappadocia, in the Lesser Asia. which is now great and well peopled; the See of an Archbishop, under the Patriarch of Constantinople; the Capital of Carmania, and the Seat of a Turkish Bassa. Still made more famous in 1658. by a Victory obtain'd against a Bassa Rebel. It lies over against the Western Cape of Cyprus, about 30 German Miles from the shoars of the Mediterranean Sea. In the Year 256. a famous Council of the Bishops of Cappadocia, Galatia, Cilicia, and the neighbouring Provinces was held here, declaring the Baptism of Hereticks null; an Opinion which occasioned great and long Dissentions afterwards amongst Christians.

Cogoreto, a small Town upon the Coast of Genoua, where Christopher Columbo the Discoverer of the New World was born. It lies 10 Miles East of Savona, and is under the Republick of Genoua.

Cohan, Albanus, a River of Albania.

Coimbra, Commbrica, a City of Portugal, mentioned by Antoninus, but now destroy'd. There is another call'd by that Name in the Province of Beira, which sprung out of the Ruines of the former. It is built upon a Rock, and therefore sometimes called Aeminium; upon the River Munda (now Mendego;) 32 Leagues from Lisbon to the North, and is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Braga. In 1550. John III. King of Portugal removed hither the University, which had been settled before at Lisbon. Seven Kings of Portugal were born and three died here. It has the Honor also to bear the Title of a Dukedom.

Coire, Chur, Choira, the capital City of the Country of the Grisons, upon the River Plessur, a little below the Rhine; between Chiavenne, Glaris, and Appenzel. The Grisons ordinarily hold their Diets at it. Though the inhabitants profess the Opinions of Zuinglius; yet they allow a Toleration to a few Roman Catholicks under a Bishop residing at Marsoila, but taking his Title from hence; who is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Mentz, and has the Honor to be a Prince of the Empire.

Coisnon, Coetus, a River of France.

Colachz, Araxes, a River of Armenia.

Colalto, a Town and Castle in the Marcha Trevisana in Italy, dignified with the Title of an Earldom.

Colan. See Coulan.

Colberg, a Town or small City in the Dukedom of Pomerania, upon the shoars of the Baltick Sea, having a strong Castle at the Mouth of the River Persant; six German Miles from Coslin to the West, and three from Treptow to the East. This Town was taken from the Swedes in 1641. by the Duke of Brandenburg after a tedious Siege; and confirmed to him since by the Treaty of Westphalia. The making of Salt here has rendred it considerable. Long. 38. 12. Lat. 54. 20.

Colchester, Colonia, Colcestria, a considerable Town or City in Essex, mentioned by Antoninus by the Name of Colonia: Seated on the Ascent of a steep Hill, upon the Southern Bank of the River Colne, from whence it takes its Name. It has had fifteen Churches within the Wall, and one without, which Eudo Sewer to Henry I. built in 1105. There is also a Castle built by Edward Son of Alfred. The Inhabitants pretend that Helen the Mother of Constantine the Great was born and brought up here; and that she was the Daughter of an imaginary King Coel, who lent his Name to their Town. Being fallen into great Poverty and Decay in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, She settled the Bays-Trade here, which has infinitely enriched and peopled it. It was first seized by the Royal Party, June 13. 1648. then besieg'd by the Parliaments Forces till Aug. 28. following, and forced to surrender by Famine; when, not contented to sine the Inhabitants 14000. l. (to which the Factious contributed nothing;) they shot Sir Charles Lucas, and Sir George Lisle to death under the Castle, who were the Chief Commanders. Many of the Churches also were ruined in the Siege, which now stand as sad Monuments of Fanatick Fury, and Rebellious Rage. The Right Honorable Thomas Savage, Earl of Rivers, is Vicount of Colchester. § There is another Town called Colchester in Northumberland.

Coldingham, Coldana, a small Town in Merch or Mers in Scotland, in the South-East Part of that Nation; famous for the Chastity of its Nuns, in the times of the Danish Wars, mentioned by Bede; if the same with Cold-stream. And no less famous for the Encampment of the late Duke of Albemarle there, when with the Forces of Scotland, he marched for the Redemption of England from Anarchy and Slavery.

Colebrook, a Market-Town in Buckinghamshire in the Hundred of Stock upon the River Coln.

Coleshill, a Market-Town in Warwickshire in the Hundred of Hemlingford upon the River Cole. The Lord Digby has a Seat near this place.

Colford, a Market-Town in Glocestershire in the Hundred of Briavells.

Coligni, a Town in the Franche Comté, adorn'd with the Title of an Earldom, and giving name to a Family of Honour there. It is epitheted Coligni the Old, to distinguish it from Coligni the New, in the Province of Bresse. Some believe it was one of the Colonies that the Romans established amongst the ancient Gauls.

Colla•, a rich and trafficking Town of the Kingdom of Peru in the South America, two Leagues from Lima, to which it serves as a Port properly, wherein a large Fleet rides in safety.

Colli, a small City in the Dukedom of Florence in Italy, with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Florence. So called from its Situation upon a little Hill about fifteen Miles from Sienna.

Collo, Ampsaga, Alcol, a great River in Mauritania, (now the Kingdom of Algier,) the Mouth of which is at Culhu in Africa.

Collorede, a Gastle in the Province of Friuli in Italy, giving its Name to an honourable Family.

Colmar, Colmaria, a City of Alsatia Superior, which is the Capital of that Country: It sprung out of the Ruins of an old Roman Town called Colonia Argentuaria; and stands upon the Rivers Lauch, Durus, Fetcht, and Illa, two German Miles from Brisach to the West. Once an Imperial Free City, fine and strong; but now in the Hands of the French, who in 1673. dismantled it: It is situate in a fruitful Plain.

Colmars, Colmartium, a strong Town in Provence, upon the River Verdon, eight Leagues from Digne to the East, and as many from Sens to the North-East. This Town suffered very much by Fire in 1672.

Colme, a River of Flanders, which runs by St. Vinox.

Colne, a Market-Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Blackburn; upon a little Hill. § Also a River of Buckinghamshire, which severs part of that County from Middlesex.

Colochina, a Sea-Port-Town on the South of the Morea; about ten Italian Miles South of Misiera, or Sparta: which gives Name to the Eastern Bay, next Cape Matapan.

Colocza, Colocia, ad Statuas Colossas, a City and Archbishoprick in the Kingdom of Hungary, upon the

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Danube, about ten Miles from Buda, eighteen from Segedin. This Town has been in a ruinous condition; but being recovered by the Emperor from the Turks in 1686. it is hoped it may in time return into its ancient Prosperity.

Cologne, Colonia Agrippina, Colonia Ʋbiorum, called by the Inhabitants Coln, is an Archbishop's See in the Empire of Germany, whose Bishop is an Elector; yet the City an Hanse Town, and one of the biggest in Germany, sixteen Miles South of Maestricht. The Name of Agrippina comes from the Mother of Nero, who being born here sent a Colony to it, as a Testimony of her Greatness. It is not only a great and strong, but a rich and populous City, and lies in the Form of an Half-Moon, upon the Rhine. Therefore sometimes entituled the Rome of Germany. They reckon 365 Churches, great and small, in it; amongst which you see the Tombs of the three pretended Kings that vifited our Saviour in his Cradle by the Guidance of a Star: Commonly called the three Kings of Cologne, because of these their Relicks brought hither from Miban and to Milan from Constantinople, as they tell you. The famous S. Brunb, the Carthusian, was born here. Divers small Councils have been assembed at it. Pope Ʋrban VI. in 1388. erected here an University. It was under the French from the Expulsion of the Romans, to the Reign of Otho I. since when it has been under its Archbishops▪ Of very ancient times it was a great Favourer of the Reformation. And in the last Age two of its Archbishops embraced that Church. The Learned Dr. Edward Brown has given it a noble Description in his Travels, pag. 113. and to him I must refer the Reader. Of the Election of the Cardinal of Furstemburgh to this See, vide Bonne. Long. 28. 31. Lat. 50. 55.

Colomey, Coloma, a City of the Black Russia, in the Province of Pokutiae, upon the River Prat, towards the Confines of Moldavia, nine Leagues from Halitz to the South. Having suffered very much from the Rebellious Cossacks, it is now become a Village remarkable for nothing but its making Salt.

Colomiers, or Columiers, Colomeria, a small Town in the Province of Brie in France, upon the River Morine, five or six Leagues from Mea•x.

Colophon, an ancient City of Ionia in Asia the Less; now called Altobosco, and Belvedore; which has sometime been a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Edessa. It pretends with others to the Honour of giving Birth to Homer. And in the Days of Antiquity was particularly renowned for excellent Cavalry.

Colossis, or Colosse, an antient City of Phrygia in Asia the Less, upon the Confines of Caria and the River Licho. Now called Chonos by the Greeks. It has been an Episcopal, and afterwards an Archiepiscopal See. Made universally known by S. Paul's Epistle to the Primitive Christians that were here.

Coloswar. See Clansenburgh.

Columb Magna, a Market-Town in Cornwal, in the Hundred of Pider.

Columbo, a City in the Isle of Ceylan, in the East-Indies, built by the Portuguese, on the West Side of that Island; but taken from them some years since by the Hollanders.

Columpton, a Market-Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of Hayrudge.

Coluri, an Island in the Gulph of Engia, called formerly Salamine or Salamis; which pretends to the Honour of being the Birth-place of Homer; and is famous in ancient History for the Defeat of Xerxes's vast Fleet.

Colzim, a Mountain of the Desart of Gebel in the Kingdom of Egypt, a days Journey from the Red Sea. There is a Monastery of Religions standing upon it, called S. Anthony's.

Com. See •om.

Coma, Como, Comum, and Novo Comum, a City in the Du•ohy of Milan, upon a Lake of the same Name, (a hundred Miles in Circuit, in Latin called Lar••s Lacus) seventeen Miles North of Milan. It is a rich, large, and handsom City; and gave Birth to the ancient Poet Caecil••s mentioned in Ca•ullus, to the younger Pliny, to the Historian Paulus Jovius, and to the late Pope Innocent XI▪ who was chosen Pope Sept. 21. 1676. and died Aug. 12. 1689. in his seventy eighth year.

Comachio, Comacula, a City of Romandiola, a Province of Italy, in the Dukedom of Fer•ard, which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Ravenna▪ and under the Dominion of the Pope. It is little, and not well inhabited, by Reason of the badness of the Air; being seated in a Marsh amidst the Lakes that are made by the Po, three or four Miles from the Adriatick: giving Name to the Valley of Coma•chio. It lies twenty Miles from Ravenna to the North, and forty from Bologna to the East; and belongs to the See of Rome. The Venetians in 932. almost ruined it.

Comagena, the ancient Name of a Country in Syria; which, as we find in Josephus, was a Kingdom in the Time of Mar• Anthony, who overcame (he says) Antiochus King of Comagena. Afterwards made by the Romans a Province: Its chief City being Samosata; a place famous for giving Birth to Lucian, and Paulus Sam•sa•e•••• the Patriarch of An•ioch.

Comana, an ancient City of the Kingdom of Pontus in Asia the Less, upon the River Iris, having been a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Neocaesarea. And famous in the Times preceding Christianity, for a Temple dedicated to Bellona. § Another of Cappadocia upon the River Sarus, with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Melitene.

Comania, a Country of Asia betwixt Georgia to the North, and the Tannais to the South; for the most part under the Turks and Moscovites. It enjoys a fertile Soil▪ but ill cultivated; the People chusing rather to live by Robbery than their honest Industry▪

Comb-Martin, a Market-Town in Devonshire, in the Hundred of Branton.

Comenolitari, Thessalia, a part of Maoedonia.

Comine, Cuminum, a small Island in the Sicilian Sea, belonging to the Order of the Knights of Malta, who have built a Castle in it. It lies betwixt Maltha and Gozo.

Cominges. See S. Ber•• and de Cominges.

Commetcy, Commeroium, a small City in the Dukedom de Barrois, in Champaigne, six Leagues from Clermon• to the South. It is seated on the West Side of the Moselle or Meuse.

Comm•ites, a Town and Castle in Flanders; upon the River Lis, near Messines, giving Name to an Honourable Family.

Como. See Coma.

Compiegne, Compendium, a City in the Isle of France, of good Esteem; in the County of Senlis, upon the River Oise, which a little lower falls into the Aisne; seventeen Leagues from Paris to the North, and five from Soissons to the West. In the year 833. King Lewis the Debonnaire, by the Conspiracy of his three Sons and the Sentence of a Council of Bishops here, was deposed▪ Clotharius the •••st King of France, and Lewis the Bald Emperor and King of France, died both here: the latter in 879. who built here also a Monastery, and adorned the City with so many magificer▪ Edi••ces, that it was for some time called Carolopolis, or Charles ••wn, from him.

Complutum. See Aleala. The Biblia Complutensia have that Name after the old one of this.

Compostella, Brigantium, Janasum, Compostella, the Capital City of Galaecia in Spain, upon the River

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Sar or Sardela; which in 1124. was by Pope Calixtus II. made an Archbishops See, instead of Merida, then in the Hands of the Moors. The Bones of S. James the Apostle are said to rest here in a celebrated Church, thence called S. Jago di Compostella; the Steeple of which was built by Lewis XI. King of France, in 1483. But Alphonsus the Chast, King of Gallaecia, had erected the Body long before upon an Hill in 835. out of the Ruins of Ira Flavia, an old Roman Town. There is a small Castle and an University here: Alphonsus I. King of Castile was also here born: it stands thirteen Leagues from Cape Finisterre, the most Western Promontory of this part of Spain. Long. •1. 00. Lat. 43. 00. by the Maps 8. 19. 43. 00.

Compostella Nueba, is a City of America in New-Spain, in the Province of Xalisco, not far from the South-Sea, an hundred Miles from Guadalaxara to the West. It was for some time a Bishops See; but being in a bad Air and barren Soil, the See was translated thence to Guadalaxara in 1570. They formerly call'd it Villa de Spiritu Santo.

Cona, Conos, see Colosse: a City of Phrygia, much celebrated of old; now ruined by the Turks.

Conca, Crustuminum, a small River of Ʋmbria in Italy, which riseth in the Dukedom of Ʋrbino from the Appenine near Leopoli, and falls into the Venetian Gulph, six Miles South-East of Rimino. There was heretofore a City of the same Name; now eaten up by the Sea.

Concarneau, Concarneum, a strong Town and Port in Britany in France, four Leagues from Quimperley to the East, saith Baudrand.

La Conception, a small City in America, in Paraguaia, at the fall of the River Ʋrvaig into Rio de la Plata: with another of the same Name in Chili, which is the most considerable place there, & the ordinary Residence of the Governour of the Province: walled and secured with a strong Cittadel, upon the Pacifick Ocean, over against the Island of S. Vincent. § The Spaniards have given this Name to a Town by them built in the Province of Mechoacan in the Kingdom of Mexico, which secures the Road of Mechoacan to the Silver Mines of Zacateca; besides to divers others in Califernia, Hispaniola, &c.

Conches, a small Town in Normandy, three or four Leagues from Eureux, in a Territory called Ouche. There is an Abbey standing in it.

Concorde, a Country in the Terra Australis, beyond the Indian Ocean, call'd t'landt van Eendracht by the Hollanders, who discovered it in 1618. as they were searching a passage to go to the Moluccae's. luca's.

Concordia, a ruined City of the Province of Friuli in Italy, the Bishop whereof resides at Porto di Gruaro, and is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Aquileia. They write, it became abandoned in Attila's time.

Condapoli, a City in the Kingdom of Golconde in the Hither East-Indies, with a strong Fort upon a Mountain, betwixt the Cities Golconda and Candavera.

Conde, Condate, an ancient Roman Town in Hainault, upon the River Haisne, where it entreth the River Escault, two German Miles North of Valenciennes. This, though a strong Town, was taken by the French in 1655. and lost in 1656. But Lewis XIV. retaking it in 1676. is still possessed of it. The Title of it has been, and is still, born by many of the Princes of the Blood Royal of France: there is a small Village of the Name also, seated about a Mile West from this fortified Town.

Conde sur Nereau, Condaeum ad Norallum, a Town in the Territory of Veuxin in Normandy upon the River Nereau, which soon after falls into the Orne, betwixt Vire, Falaise and Argentan.

Condom, Condomum, a small City, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Bourdeaux. It stands upon the small River Baise two Leagues from Nerac, four from the Guaronne, and six from Aux; in the Province of Guyenne: the Capital of the Territory of Condomois, and first made a Bishops See by Pope John XXII. in 1327. It was taken and much abused by the Huguenots in 1569. This is the Condomium Visconum of the Ancients. The late Bishop of Condom, now of Meaux, has made this City as remarkable and as much spoken of, by his Writings, as the greatest Town in Europe.

Condrieu, Condriacum, a pleasant Town at the foot of an Hill in Lionnois in France, upon the Western Shoar of the Rhosne; two Leagues from Vienne to the South, and seven from Lion to the same Quarter; famous for excellent Wines. Baudrand observes, that some write this Name Coindrieu, though improperly.

Congleton, a Market Town in Cheshire in the Hundred of Northwich upon the River Dane.

Conflent, a part of the County of Rousillon, near the Pyrenean Hills and Cretania; the chief Town of which is Villa Franca. Once a part of the Kingdom of Spain, but now under the Crown of France.

Congedo, Cogedus, a River of the Kingdom of Arragon, which falls into the Xalon near Baubula.

Congo, Congum, a Kingdom on the Western Shoar of Africa in the Lower Aethiopia; which by the Portuguese is comprehended in the Lower Guinea, and was once very great; containing Congo, Angola, Metamba, Cunda, Lulla, Anunda, and the Kingdom of Loangh in trust; which Countries are yet in some Maps ascribed to Congo, though it is above one hundred and fifty years since they revolted from it. Congo properly so called, is a small, but fruitful, well cultivated spot of Ground: on the West it has the Atlantick Ocean, on the South the Kingdom of Angola and Bengala; on the North the Kingdom of Loangh, and on the East the Kingdoms of Cangela and Metamba: watered with the Rivers Zaire, Coanza, and Lelunde. The principal City is S. Salvador, where the King resides. He and the greatest part of his Subjects are Christians, under one Bishop. They have suffered very much from the Portuguese, and by Wars; as Bandrand acquaints us from Jacinthi à Vetralla, a Capuchin, who lived many years amongst them.

Coningsberg, Regi•mons, called by the Poles Krolowice, is a great City, the Capital of Prusia Ducalis, and a Hanse Town, at the Mouth of the River Pregel, twenty Miles East of Elbing. It has a Castle and a fine Haven, and came into the hands of the Duke of Brandenburg in 1525. having before that time belonged to the Teutonick Order, who built it in 1260. Here was also an University opened in 1544. by Albert Duke of Prusia.

Coni, Cuneum, a City in Piedmont, called by the Inhabitants Cuno. It is seated at the conjunction of the Rivers Stura and Grez, thirty six Miles from the Port of Vintimilia upon the Mediterranean Sea Northward, and the same distance from Turino to the South, built in 1150: And in 1641. taken by the French, under the Duke de Hartcourt. But since

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in the Possession of the Duke of Savoy. The French have besieged it in the present War under Monsieur Cattinat, but were forced to rise again, and leave it in the possession of its Duke.

Connaught, Connacia, is one of the four great Provinces of Ireland; bounded on the North by Ʋlster, on the East by Leinster, on the South by Mounster, and on the West by the great Western Ocean. It contains seven Counties, Slego, Mayo, Roscommon, Letrim, Longford, Gallway and Clare, or Tomound. Ptolomy calls its ancient Inhabitants, Gangani and Concani. Strabo, Coniaci and Conisci. When the Parliamentarians had fully subdued the Irish about 1655. they took up a resolution to transport all the Heritors of the Romish Religion into this Province; which is separated from the rest of Ireland by the River Shannon, and the Mountain of Curlewe; reserving to the English the Forts, Cities, and fortified Towns, the Passes, and the Sea Shoars for Garrisons; to secure them from any further Attempts of that Nation; a Design which had been proposed before by Spencer, and thought easie; but it proved otherwise. Elench. Motuum, Part 2.

Connor, Coneria, a small City in the Province of Ʋlster, in the County of Down, upon the Lake Cone, toward the North-West Corner of the said Lake: the Bishoprick is united to that of Down, under the Archbishop of Armagh; sometime ago possessed by the Eloquent Dr. Jeremiah Taylor, who died Bishop of this Diocese.

Conquet, Conquestus, a fine Port in Britany in France, fourteen Leagues South of Brest. The Town though small, is neat, rich, and well built: taken by the English in 1416.

Conserans, Consorans, a Territory in the Ʋpper Gascogny, on the Borders of Languedoc, which bounds it to the East, as Cominges and de Foix doth to the West; having Catalonia on the South, which is divided from it by the Pyrenean Hills; and on the North, the Bishoprick of Pamiers. Its greatest extent is from North to South along the River Salatum. § Conserans, or S. Lizier de Conserans, Civitas Consorannorum, and fanum Sancti Licerii, the principal City lies upon the said River, about twelve Miles from Tholouse to the South. This City (though small) is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Aux, called by late Writers S. Lizier; but the People maintain the old Name of Conserans.

Constance, Constantia, Constantz, Constanza, is a famous City of Germany, upon the Boden Sea, or Lake of Constance, where the Rhine falls out of that Lake, seventeen Miles from Ʋlm to the South-West. A free Imperial City, though under the Protection of the House of Austria. It has its Name from Constantius Clorus, the Father of Constantine the Great, and is a strong and populous City. There was a Council held here in 1094. But that which has made it so very well known, and often spoken of, is the great Council in 1414. procured by Sigismund the Emperor, which deposed three Popes at once, and elected a fourth, Pope Martin V. who owned the Papacy to be subject to a Council. In the fifteenth Session of this Council, the Errors of Wickliff were severally recited and condemned. Also Sentence of Fire passed upon John Huss, non obstante his Grant of Safe-Conduct from the Emperour, which said Sentence was executed July 6. 1415. In the 21 Session they passed the like upon his Disciple, Jerom of Prague; and that also was accordingly executed May 30. 1416. The House of Austria got a footing in this City in 1558. and when the Swedes in 1634. attempted to drive them out by force of Arms, they miscarried. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mentz. The Bishop is a Prince of the Empire. Long. 31. 30. Lat. 47. 30.

Constances, a City of Normandy. See Coutance.

Constantia Tomi, a City of Mysia Inferior, now Bulgaria, which lies upon the Sea.

Constantine, the Capital City of the Province of Constantine in the Kingdom of Algier, rich and well built, standing in a Soil that is exceeding fruitful of Corn. Some remains of the Works of the old Romans are yet extant here.

Constantinow, Constantinova, a small Town in Volhinia in Poland, upon the River Horin, twenty five Polish Miles from Caminieck to the North-East. Near this place the Poles were beaten by the Revolted Cossacks in 1648. who possessed themselves of it, and committed great disorders: But in 1651. the Tide of Fortune turned, and the Poles beat the Cossacks in the same place.

Contessa, a considerable Sea-Port-Town on the Archipelago in Macedonia, sixty-five English Miles from Thessalonica to the East.

Conty, Contejum, seu Contiacum, a Borough in Picardy in France, upon the River Alce, which falls in the Somme, four Leagues from Amiens to the North-East, and five from Baupalme to the South-West. This place is honoured with the Title of a Principality, and worn by a Branch of the House of Conde.

Conversano, Cupersanum, vel Conversanum, a City in Bari, a Province in the East of the Kingdom of Naples, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Bari; distant fifteen Miles to the South from thence, as it is thirty from Taranto to the North. This City stands amongst the Mountains, and is of no great Circuit; but gives the Title of Earl to the Family of the Aquaviva's.

Conway, a Market Town and Castle Royal in the County of Carnarvan in Wales, in the Hundred of Lechwed Issaph.

Conza, Consa, Compsaconsa, a small City in the Principatus Ʋlterior, in the Kingdom of Naples, which is an Archbishops See: it stands at the foot of the Appennine upon the River Ofanto; very small, twenty six Miles from Salerno East, and twenty five from Benevento to the South-East. The Archbishop resides not in it (it consisting not of above two hundred and twenty Souls), but at S. Menna. This was the Country of the ancient Hirpini.

Coos, Cos, see Lango.

Copa, a Town upon a River so call'd of Asia, near the Lake Maeotis.

Copeland, the South part of the County of Cumberland, lying betwixt the Rivers Duddon and Derwent in the Archdeaconry of Richmond and the Diocese of Chester.

Copenhagen, Codania, Hafnia, Haphnia, called by the Inhabitants Klovenhaven, by the Germans Coppenhagen, by the Hollanders Kopenhaven, is the principal City of Denmark, the Capital of the Island of Zealand, great and well fortified. It stands on a Plain, with a new strong Castle, and a large Haven, upon the North-East Shoar of the Island, over against the County of Schonen. This City was of old called Stagelbourg, and afterwards Axelhus; and by the People had its present Name given it, which signifies the Merchants-Haven: in 1161. here was an University erected, to which, by Pope Sixtus IV. the same Privileges were granted with those of the University of Bologna in Italy. In 1535. it received the Reformed Religion: in 1659. the Swedes besieged it in vain: in 1660. it was made an Archbishops See. It lies four Danish Leagues from Rotshilt to the East, and four from Elsenore to the South, in Long. 35. 20. Lat. 56. 28.

Cophtites, Coptae, a seperate Church of Christians in the Kingdom of Egypt under a Patriarch of their own; following the Opinions of Eutyches and Dioscorus to this day, notwithstanding the repeated endeavours of the Roman See to diswade them from that belief. The Patriarch takes the Title of Patriarch of Alexandria, and keeps his Residence at a Monastery of S. Macarius about twenty Leagues from Cairo. The Abyssinians are in part submitted to this Church. They have many Monasteries in Egypt, and one particularly in the house whither Joseph and the Virgin with our Saviour retired, to fly the Persecution of Herod. They use the Trine Immersion in Baptism. Yet at Jerusalem, there is an Apartment in the great Church of S. Sepulchre allotted for their use.

Copranitz or Caproncea, Copranitza, a strong Town in Sclavonia, which is one of the Bulwarks of the House of Austria against the Turks. It stands two Leagues from the Drave, four or five from Canisa, and the same distance from Waradin.

Corasmines, a People of Persia descended from the ancient Parthians, who fell upon Palestine in the twelfth Century (by permission from the Sultan of Egypt) with Fire and Sword, took Jerusalem, destroyed above six thousand Christians, and likewise defeated the Army of the three Military Orders of Jerusalem in a Battel before Gaza (which held two days successively) in the year 1244. Yet this Race being driven out of Palestine by the Sultan of Egypt again, came to perish miserably by the hands of the Sarazens.

Corax, two Mountains of this Name are mentioned, the one in Aetolia, the other in Sarmatia, by the ancient Geographers. § There is a Lake so called in the Province of Mongul in Tartary.

Corbach, Corbachium, a Town in Hessen in Germany, called by the Inhabitants Cuirbach; six Miles from Cassel to the East, and three from Waldec to the South-East, in the County of Waldeck. This was once a free Imperial City: but in 1396. the Count Waldeck seized it, and has it still in possession: in Long. 30. 31. Lat. 51. 20.

Corbeil, Corbelium, Josedum, a small Town upon the Sein, in the Government of the Isle of France, seven Miles from Paris to the South; and only observable on the account of the Bridge over the Seine; except that it sustains the Title of an Earldom; and that Ingeburde Wife to Philip the August King of France died here in 1236. The Huguenots attacqued this Town in vain in 1562.

Corbie, Corbeia, a little City in Picardy, upon the River Somme, which was heretofore well fortified, being then a Frontier Town. This has a Monastery founded by Bathilda Queen to Clovis II. King of France in 660. In 1637. it was taken by the Spaniards, but soon after recovered by the French; it stands sour Leagues from Amiens to the East; being dignified with the Title of an Earldom. § There is another place in Westphalia called Corbie by the French, but Corwey by the Germans. See Corwey: which is therefore call'd Corbeia nova, and the former Vetus for distinction in Latin Writers: or the one Gallica, the other Saxonica.

Corck, a County, City and Haven in Mounster in Ireland. The City is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Cashell, from which it lies thirty five Miles South, and about ten from Kingsale to the North. There are two other Bishopricks united to it for ever. The Wall and Castle of this City are considerably strong. Yet a Garrison of about 5000 Irish surrendred it to the English under the Earl of Marleborough, Sept. 28. 1690. after two or three days Siege, and were all made Prisoners of War.

Corcu, Eleusia, an Island near Cyprus.

Cordilleras, a Chain of Mountains near 1000 Leagues long to the East of the Kingdom of Chili in America, reaching from Peru as far as to the Streights of Magellan▪ and having divers considerable Mines in the Bowels of them, but extreamly cold upward▪

La Tour de Cordovan, a famous and celebrated Light-House in Aquitain in France, at the Mouth of the Guaronne; built upon a small Rock, and encompassed with the Ocean; which was rebuilt with great Magnificence by the present King of France, in 1665.

Corduba, an ancient Roman Town in Andalusia in Spain, upon the River Quadalquivir (Baetis), twenty Leagues from Sevil to the East. This City being

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then the Capital of one of the Kingdoms of the Moors, was recovered by the Spaniards from them in 1236. It is now a great walled City, seated in a fruitful Plain, with a delicate Stone Bridge over the River. This was the Country of the two Seneca's, Lucan, and Averroes, some of the greatest Men for Learning the World has known; yet more famous for Hosius the President of the first Nicene Council, (as afterwards of the Council of Sardica) and Bishop of Corduba. The Cathedral was a Mosch, built by the Moors; it has 365 Columns or Pillars of Black Marble, and twenty four Doors. This City suffered very much by an Earthquake in the year 1589. The Bishop is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Sevil. Long. 15. 40. Lat. 38. 00.

Corene, Cyrene: See Cairoan.

Corfu, Corcyra, Phaeacia, Drepano, an Island in the Ioman Sea, or Gulph of Venice, upon the Coast of Epirus; about one hundred and twenty Miles in Circuit, and reckoned to contain ten thousand Souls, who are a rich and polite people; seventy Italian Miles from Cape S. Mary, the most South-Eastern Point of Italy, to the South-East. It is under the Dominion of the States of Venice, and has one City seated on the Eastern Shoar called by the same Name: which about one hundred years since (saith Mr. Wheeler) was nothing but an old Castle, and the present Suburbs of the Castati. But now it is a good large City, and an Archbishops See; well fortified with Walls on the South, and two Castles at the East and West Ends; the side towards the Harbour is not so well fortified, nor needs it. This Town would be almost impregnable, were it not for a Rock that stands towards the the West, and commands the adjoining Fort, with a great part of the Town. Here resides the chief Govour of the Venetian Islands both in Civil and Military concerns. The Inhabitants are of the Greek Church, but much Latinized. The Soil not so fruitful of Corn, as to supply the Inhabitants; but then it produceth Wine, Oil, and all sorts of good Fruit. In the year 1537. Solyman II. Emperour of the Turks sent his famous General Barberoasse with an Army of five and twenty thousand Men to make a Descent upon this Island, as they accordingly did: but were forced by the Venetians to an Inglorious Retreat thence again.

Cory, one of the chief Towns in Georgia, called Hermastis and Armactica, by the Latins. There is another of the same Name in Dalmatia, mentioned by Pliny and Ptolomy under the Name of Corinium; five or six Miles from Novigrod, upon a Hill: and a third in the Ecclesiastical State in Italy.

Coria, Caurium, Caurita, a City upon the River Alagnon in Old Castile, five or six Leagues from the Frontiers of Portugal. The Bishop of it is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Compostella.

Corinth, Corinthus, Heliopolis, a City of the Morea, which is an Archbishoprick under the Patriarch of Constantinople, built in the year of the World 3066. near the Isthmus, between the Ionian and Aegaean Seas. At first subject to Kings, but growing powerful and rich by Commerce, it became a Commonwealth. Its situation affording it two Noble Havens to the East and West, it was the first City of Greece that set out Trireines, or great Gallies to Sea; by which it became the richest, and one of the most powerful Cities in all Greece: it treated the Roman Embassadors with that Insolence, that they decreed the total ruine of it; which was effected by L. Mummius Achaius, 146. years before the Birth of our Saviour. Julius Caesar re-built it: S. Paul converted it to Christianity, and honoured it with two Epistles: and Clemens Romanus with a third, of the next immediate antiquity and value. Thus it became the Metropolis of Achaia: in after-times it had Despots, or Princes of its own, from whom it passed to the Venetians by their Grant. But in 1458. Mahomet II. dispossed that Republick of this Noble City; and they have since treated it with so much Tarkish cruelty, that there are not many Houses in it, inhabited by poor Men, rather out of necessity, than choice. It is hoped the Venetians may give it another resurrection out of its desolation and ruines, they having recovered it in Aug. 1687. without opposition. They now call it vulgarly, Corantho. The old Acrocorinthus, a strong Cittadel built upon the top of a very high Hill, and the proud Curtezans here of higher prizes than for every one to give, it is supposed, severally or together, occasioned the Proverb, Non licet omnibus adire Corinthum. Long. 49. 15. Lat. 38. 11. § Apollodorus writes of three Corinths more: the first in Thessalia, the second in Epirus, the third in Elis.

Corlin, Corlinum, a City in Pomerania, subject the Duke of Brandenburg ever since 1648. upon the River Persant, three German Miles from the Baltick Sea, and five from Treptow to the East. It has a Castle, and was before subject to the Bishop of Camin.

Corneto, Cornuetum, a Bishops See in union with that of Monte Fiascone, subject only to the Pope, in the State of the Church; upon the River Marta, four Miles from the Tyrrhenian Sea, and forty six from Rome to the West; very little inhabited, being unhealthfully seated.

Cornovaile, or Cornoaille, a Territory in Britany in France, called Corisopitum by the Latin Writers: the Capital of which, is Quimper-Corantine.

Cornwall, Cornubia, Cornavii, Damnonii, is the most Western County of England. It has Devonshire on the East, from which the River Tamer parts it; and on all the other sides is surrounded with the Sea: For a long time the Store-house of Tin to the whole World, till in 1240. there were other Mines of this found in Misnia and Bohemia by a Cornishman. The Soil of this County is tolerably fruitful, but Mountainous. In some Rocks they find a sort of a Precious Stone, call'd the Cornish Diamond, shaped and polished by Nature, and many times as big as a Walnut: only not so hard as a Diamond of the right kind. The Inhabitants are the Reliques of the old Britains, and still retain their Language. It was by Edward II. in 1336. made a Dukedom, and given to his Son Edward; and has ever since belonged to the Eldest Son of the King of England, who is born Duke of Cornwall.

Coro, a City of South America, near the Sea, in the Province of Venezuela, under the Spaniards. It is built after the manner of Venice, upon a Lake, amongst a number of little Islets. Thence often it self call'd Venezuela, or Little Venice.

Coromandel, a Kingdom on the East side of the Promontory of Malabar in the East-Indies: divided from the Malabars by the Mountains of Balagatta, which run from North to South to the Cape of Comori: it lies along the Eastern Shoar an hundred Leagues in length. St. Thomas, a Town in 32. deg▪

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of Latitude, is in this Kingdom; in which the Portuguese found Christians of the Greek Church, when they came first hither, who put the City into their Hands, and they enjoy it still: it hath many good Harbours, much frequented by the Europeans, especially in Winter. The Natives are yet for the most part stupid Pagan Idolaters, as Mr. Herbert saith, and and of a Dusky Complexion. This Country was divided amongst many Princes; but at present is subject to one, (saith Mendelslo) who resides some times at Bisnagar and some times at Narsinga.

Coron, Corona, a Maritime City in the Morea, on the Southern Shoar, opposite to the Coast of Barbary: it is situate on the richest and most fruitful Province of this Country, called Belvedora, ten Miles by Land and twenty by Sea from Modon. The Venetian's built here in 1463. a great Tower for a Magazine; but they enjoyed it not long: for Bajazet II. took it after a Siege in 1498. It was attempted in 1533. by the famous Johni Doria Admiral of Spain, and taken; but could not be long kept. It was taken again by the Venetians after a sharp Siege in 1685. and may they long enjoy it. It is a very strong City, with a safe and large Haven; and in former times was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Patras.

Coronea, an ancient City of Boeotia in Greece, near Leuctra to the East and the River Cephisus North. It was here, that Agesilaus the Athenian General defeated the Boeotians in the year of Rome 359. In the third Century it became a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Athens. Now a Miserable Village, inhabited by none but Turks.

Coropa, a Province in Guiana in South America, between the River of Amazons and the Lake of Parymaea, near the River of Coropatuba; but not inhabited by any of our European Colonies.

Coronna, Varonnum, Adrobicum, and vulgarly the Groyne, a famous Sea-Port-Town on the North-West Shoar of Spain, in Gallicia; strong, rich, and full of people, ten Miles from Compostella to the North, and six from the Isle of Sisarga; in Long. 8. 40. Lat. 44. 20. The Town stands upon a Peninsula, and is almost surrounded by the Sea. The Country affords excellent Iron, Steel, and several other Metals, which cause the Port to be the more frequented.

Corozaim, or Chorazim, mention'd Matth. 11. 21. an ancient Town of Galilee in Palestine, which was one of the ten that composed the Country of Decapolis. It stood over against Capernaum upon the Banks of the River Jordan and near the Sea of Tiberias.

Corregio, Corregium, a great and populous Town in the Dukedom of Modena, which had heretofore Princes of its own; but in 1635. it came into the hands of the Duke of Modena: it stands thirteen Miles from Regio to the North-East, and twelve from Modena to the North, between the Rivers of Navila West, and Fossa Rossa East: and has the honour of a good Castle.

Corsica, called la Crose by the French, and Corsega by the Spaniards; is a considerable Island in the Mediterranean Sea: in length from North to South 110 Miles, in breadth 50, and its Circuit 280; 100 Miles South from Genoua, and 8 from Sardinia. This Island has ever been ill inhabited by reason of the Asperity of a great part of it, and the great difficulty of approaching it. The Tusci, or old Italians, were the first Inhabiters of this Island; who were conquered by the Carthaginians: the Carthaginians yielded to the Tomans: the Saracens followed these, who finally in 1144. were subdued by the Genouese. The Pisans, and the Kings of Arragon, have since contested with the Genouese; but however that Republick has desended the place against all pretenders to this day. There are five Episcopal Sees in it; to wit, Ajazzo, Aleria, Sagona, Mariana and Nebio: the three first, under the Archbishop of Pisa; the other, of Genoua. It is watered by the Rivers Liamon and Tavignan, which both spring out of the Lake of Crena. Bonifacio is its best Port, and Basta the Capital Town. There is a Cape call'd Corso, which is the same with the Sacrum Promontorium of the Ancients.

Corschi, the Name of a Numerous people in Persia, living in Tents, and descended from the Turks, out of which the Sophy always composes his first Troops.

Corthestan, Taurus.

Cortona, Cortonium, Corto, a small but very ancient City in the Dukedom of Florence in Italy: it lies on the Borders of the Estate of the Church, and is a Bishops See (made by Pope John XXII.) under the Archbishop of Florence: four Miles from the Lake di Perugia to the North, and fourteen from Arezzo to the South.

Corwey, Corbeja Saxonica or Nova, called by the French Corbie, is a small City in West phalia, which has an Abbey founded by S. Lewis King of France, in 815. It lies upon the Weser, nine Miles from Paderborne to the West.

Cosa, Cosas, a small River in the State of the Church, which falleth into Garigliano, (Liris) by Feretino and Veroli.

Cosano, Cossano, Cosa, Cosanum, a City of Calalabria in the Kingdom of Naples: six Miles from the Gulph of Taranto, and one and twenty from Rosano to the North. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Cosenza.

Cosenza, Consentia, the principal City of Calabria, and one of the greatest in the Kingdom of Naples; an Archbishops See, seated in a fruitful Plain, upon the River Crate; which has belonging to it a strong Castle upon a Hill. Alaricus XII. King of the Goths died in this City. In 1638. it suffered much by an Earthquake: fourteen Miles from the Tyrrhenian Sea, and thirty from Rossano to the West, in Long. 40. 20. Lat. 39. 11.

Cosir, a City of Egypt upon the Red Sea: written also Cossir.

Coslin, Coslinum, a Town in the Dukedom of Pomerania, under the Dominion of the Duke of Brandenburgh; upon a small River; three German Miles from the Baltick Sea, and six from Treptow to the East. Heretofore the Seat of the Archbishop of Casmires, but given from him by the Treaty of Westphalia, to the present Possessor.

Cosmopolis, a Town in the Isle of Elbe, in the Mediterranean Sea, belonging to the Duke of Florence, which has a convenient and safe Port: it lies over against Piombino, twenty five Miles to the West.

Cosne, Conoda, Conium, a small Town, some place it in the Province of Beausse, some in Nivernois, upon the Loyre in France betwixt Nevers and Orleans: often taken and retaken in the Civil Wars of the last Age there.

Cossa, a ruined City on the Coast of the Tyrrbenian Sea, six Miles from Orbitello to the East, and seventy from Rome to the North: destroyed by Charles the Great. Ansidonia sprung out of its ruines; which last is now in the Possession of the Duke of Florence.

Cossaques, a Martial People, inhabitants of the Province of Ʋkraine in Red Russia; renowned for their great services done as well to Christendom in general, as to the Crown of Poland, in guarding the Frontiers of that Kingdom against the Tartars: Nevertheless in some times guilty of great Revolts too, which have occasion'd divers Treaties of Peace betwixt them and Poland. They speak a Dialect of the Polonian

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Language; and for Religion, are a mixture of the Greek, the Roman, and the Protestant Churches.

Cosse, a Seigniory in the Province of Maine in France near St. Susanne, giving Name to a Family of Quality.

Cossaei, an ancient People dwelling about a Mountain of Media, whom Alexander the Great sacrificed to the Manes of his dear Ephaestion, in a transport of Grief for his Death, say Polybins and Diodorus.

Cossovia, Campus Merul••, a Plain in Bulgaria, not very much exceeding Lincoln-Heath, yet the Stage of great Actions. Here the greatest Christian Army that was ever brought into the Field in Europe, consisting of 500000 Men, under Lazarus Despot of Servia, fought with the Forces of Amurath I. and lost the day; in which Battel Lazarus was slain: and Amurath, viewing the dead bodies, was stabbed by Michael Cobloivitz, a Christian Souldier, left for dead in the field. Amurath hath here a Funeral Monument to this day. This happened in 1390. In the same Field was also fought that remarkable Battel between Huniades and Mahomet, for three days together; in which Huniades his Forces were beaten, being very unequal in number. This Plain is bounded by the Mountains of Negri to the South, by the River Nesaus to the East, by Nissa to the North, and by Ibar to the West: one hundred and thirty English Miles from Thessalonica to the North-West, upon the Borders of Macedonia and Albania. See Dr. Brown's Travels.

Cossir. See Cosir.

Costagnazo, Haemus, a Mountain in Thrace.

Coustantz, See Constance.

Costa-Ricca, A Province of New Spain in the South America, lying betwixt the two Seas, and Westward of Veragua. The Capital whereof is the City Carthage. There are some Gold and Silver Mines in it, and a Soil which makes it worthy of its Name.

Coste des dents, or Coste de l' Ivoire, the Ivory Coast, is a part of the Coast of Guiny in Africa, betwixt the Cape of Palmes and the Cape of three Points; whither the English, French, Hollanders, &c. traffick for Elephants Teeth. It is said to be well inhabited, and to lye very conveniently.

Coste d'Or, or the Golden Coast, another part of the Coast of the same Country, so call'd from the quantity of Gold that they find upon it. It is about one hundred and thirty Leagues long, reaching from the Cape of three Points (where the former ends) as far as to the River Volta, and the Kingdom of Benin. The English, Danes and Dutch have divers Settlements upon it. The latter having dispossessed all the Portugueze.

Cothon, the ancient Name of the Port of Carthage in Africa.

Cotatis, the principal City of Imiretta, (a Kingdom or Province of Georgia) built at the Foot of an Hill, by the River Phasi•, consisting of about two hundred Houses: those of the Grandees, and the Kings Palace, stand at a distance. The Town has neither Fortifications nor Walls nor any Defence, except where it is enclosed by the River and the Mountains. On the other side of the River, upon the top of an Hill, higher than that under which the City is built, stands the Fortress of Cotatis; which appears very strong: As Sir John Chardin describes this City in his Travels.

Cotbus, Cotbutium, a Town in Lusatia in Germany, upon the River Havel, which also passeth by Berlin; from which it lies thirteen Miles to the South, and ten from Franckford to the South-West. This Town came into the Hands of the Duke of Brandenburgh in 1645. and is sometimes called Cotwitz.

Cotrone, Croton, a City of the further Calabri• in the Kingdom of Naples, which of old was twelve Miles in Compass, as Livy saith, and built eighty years after Rome: but now very small, and thinly inhabited: yet it is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Regio, and has a Castle built by Charles V. It stands on the South-East side of Italy, fifteen Miles South-East of Severina.

The Cottian-Alpes, Alpes Cottiae, a part of the Alpes, heretofore under the Dominion of King Cottius mention'd in Suetonius (as an Ally with the People of Rome, in the Reign of Augustus) and therefore by the Ancients called Cottiae from him. They begin at the Fountains of the River Var, and reach to Susa: that is, from Mount Viso, to Mount Cenis; dividing the Dauphinate from Piedmont.

Cotzchin, or Chotozin, or Kotym, a Castle in Moldavia upon the Niester; four Polish, or twenty English Miles from Caminieck to the South-West: where in 1673. an Army of the Turks, consisting of two and thirty thousand Men, under the Command of Solyman Aga, designed for the ruine of Lemburgh, were encamped; having the Neister behind them, a Range of Rocks and Precipices on one side, the Castle of Cotzchin on the other, a Trench before them defended by Half-Moons, a Bridge over the Nieper, and another over the Castle: yet Zobietsky, then Marshal, but now King of Poland, with much lesser Forces coming up October 9. battered down their Brest-Work with his Cannon; and the next day dismounting his Cavalry to second the Lithuanian Foot, (which had been beaten off) in Person at the head of his Men stormed their Camp; took it, slew or took Prisoners thirty one thousand five hundred Turks, (and the rest hardly escaped) Solyman their General being slain. In 1621. Ʋladislaus Prince of Poland, Son of Sigismund King of Poland, in the same Field, defeated the Forces of Osman I. and slew the greatest part of them; amongst the rest Ʋssain le Borgne, who was esteemed the best Commander the Turks had in those times.

Couco, Coucum, a Kingdom in Barbary, in Africa, with a City of the same Name; sixty Miles from the Shoars of the African Sea, between the Kingdoms of Algiers and Bugia.

Coucy, a Seigniory in Picardy, giving Name to a Family of Honour.

Coventry, Conventria, a City in the County of Warwick upon the West Side of the River Sherborne, which is of no very great Antiquity; but neat, strong, rich and populous, by reason of the Cloathing Trade: Also a Bishop's See in Conjunction with Litchfield, under the Archbishop of Canterbury. It has three Churches; the Priory or Convent (whence the Name Coventry) was the most ancient Foundation of the City, being built by Canutus the Dane. And the Cross may be reckoned amongst the finest in England. The Noble George Villiers, late Duke of Buckingham, was created Earl of Coventry, in the twenty first of James I. A Title that had lain buried ever since the Death of Edwin a Saxon, whom William the Conqueror created Earl of Coventry in the first Year of his Reign. Henry VI▪ annexing the adjacent Towns and Villages to this City made it with them a County Corporate, distinct from that of Warwickshire.

Coulan, a City and small Kingdom in the East-Indies, in the great Promontory of Malabar, on the Western Shoar; thirty five Leagues North of the Cape of Com•ry, and about seventeen South of Cochin. The Country is well watered, and fruitful; not above twenty Leagues long from North to South, and eight or ten broad from East to West. Bounded by the Kingdoms of Cochin and Travancor. There are many Christians in it, by the means of the Portuguese. The

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City has a Castle, and a safe Haven, with the Character of a rich and flourishing Place. The Portuguese were driven out of it by the Hollanders in 1663.

Coulour, a Town of the Hither East-Indies in the Kingdom of Golconde in Malabar; seven days Journey from the City of Golconde. There is a Mine or Quarry of Diamonds very near it.

Courreze, Curretia, a River in Limosin in France, which riseth two Miles above Tulle; and having watered both it and Brive, falls into the Vesere, two Miles above Condat.

Courtenay, Cortenaeum, Corteniacum, Curtiniacum, a small Town in the Isle of France, six Miles distance from Sens West. The Princes who have born the Title of this small Place, are frequently mentioned by the French Historians; and some of the Emperors of Greece are deriv'd from their Family.

Courtray, Corteriacum, by the Natives called Cortrick, a Town in Flanders upon the River Lys, five Leagues from Tournay to the North, and four from Lille to the West. Made famous by the Defeat of the French in 1302. This Town was taken by the French in 1646. and fortified; and again in 1667: But in the Treaty of 1679. it returned under the Obedience of the King of Spain, who is still possessed of it.

C•urzola, an Island under the Venetians upon the Coast of Dalmatia, full of Wood. There is, besides five Villages in it, a City of the same Name which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Ragusa. The Houses, built all generally of Marble.

Coutances, Constantia Castra, a City and Bishoprick in Normandy in France, under the Archbishop of Rouen. It stands upon the River Barde, two Leagues from the British Sea, five from Auranches to North, and twelve from Caen to the West. This City has a large County belonging to it, called by the same Name, le Coutantin; which lies extended from North to South, in the form of a Peninsula; on the North and West it has the British Sea, on the East the River Viere, which parts it from Bessin; and on the South le Auranchin, divided from it by another small River. The Isles of Jersey and Guernsey heretofore belonged to this County; which being in the hands of the English, are not now esteemed a part of it, but annexed to England.

Coutras, Curtracum, a Town in Guienne in Perigord, seated on the Confluence of Lille and Dr•ma, twelve Miles from Bourdeaux to the North-West: Made famous by a Battel here sought in the Civil Wars of France in 1587.

Couverden. See Coeworden.

Cowbridge, a Market Town in the County of Glamorgan in Wales. The Capital of its Hundred.

Cowes, a noted Harbour at the Entrance of the Creek that goes to Newport in the Isle of Wight; fortified with a Castle.

Cracow, Cracovia, call'd by the Inhabitants Krakow, by the Germans Cra•aw, by the Italians, French, and Spaniards, Cracovia, is the Capital of the Kingdom of Poland, and stands on the River Weya, (Vistula) about fifty Polish Miles from Presburg to the North-East, 85 Miles from Dantzick South. It is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Gnezna; there belongs to it a strong Castle built upon a Rock, with vast Suburbs; and an University opened in 1401. by Ʋladislaus K. of Poland. The Palatinate of Cracovia, which belongs to this City (and is one of the three which make up the lesser Poland), has Silesia on the West, Hungary on the South, Sandomiria on the East, and the Palatinate of Siradia on the North. This Bishoprick was founded by Mieczislao, who received the Christian Faith in 965. The City was burnt by the Tartars in 1241. The Custody of it was after this committed to the Germans, in 1428. A Disputation being had here with the Hussites, in 1431. the King sent for some Preachers out of Bohemia, who preached many Years in the Sclavonian Tongue Helvigis the Queen caused the Bible to be translated into the Polish Tongue; and when the Pope in 1448. sent a Legate to this Nation, the University shewed him no Respect, but stuck to the Council of Basil. In 1591. they burnt the Protestants Church there, as they did in 1635▪ by the procurement of the Jesuits; who the next year were banished for it out of that University. This City was also taken by the Swedes, in the Wars under Charles II. King of Sweden, in 1655. It is stiled the Rome of Poland, for its Excellency. They tolerate the Jews, wearing a distinctive Habit. There are betwixt fifty and sixty Churches in it.

Cragno. See Carniola.

Crambourn, a Market-Town in Dorseishire; the Capital of its Hundred; seated near the Spring of a River that runs into the Stower; it is a Town of good Antiquity.

Cranbrook, a Market-Town in Kent in Scray Lath, seated at the Head of the River Medway.

Cranganoor, Cranganora, a Kingdom and a City in the Promontory of Malabar, in the East-Indies. The City lies upon the River Aicot, two Leagues from the Ocean, and seven from Cochin to the North; being a Bishop's See, whilst it was in the Hands of the Portuguese; but in 1663. the Dutch took it from them, and put it into the Hands of the King of Calecut, together with the small Kingdom belonging to it.

Cranostaw, Krasnostaw, Cranostovia, a small but well fortified Town in Black Russia, in Poland, upon the River Wieprez, and a Lake made by the said River; five Leagues from Chelm to the South-West, and as many from Lublin to the South-East. Now the usual Residence of the Bishop of Chelm.

Craon, a small Town in the Province of Anjou in France, upon the River Oudon, towards the Frontiers of Maine in Brittany; giving Name to an honourable Family.

Crapack, the Carpathian Mountains, which divide Hungary, Moravia, and Transilvania from Poland. This ridge of Mountains, called by the Antients Carpates, and Mons Carpathus, runs from East to West, under various Names given by the Nations which border upon it.

Crapone, a Canal in Provence, made in the last Age by the ingenious Adam de Crapone from the River Durance to the Arles, beginning at Roque a Village six Leagues below the Fall of the said River into the Rhine.

La Crau, a large Heath of seven or eight Leagues length in Provence; filled with a prodigious Quantity of Stones, whereof divers of the Antients have conjectured, but none give, a satisfactory Cause.

Craven, a Part of the West-Riding of Yorkshire; hilly and rough, in which Shipton stands. It gives the Title of an Earl to the Right Honourable William Craven, created by King Charles II. Anno 1664.

Cray S. Maries, a Market-Town in Kent, in Sutton Lath.

Creci, Cressy, Creciasensis, Cressiacum, a Town in Picardy, upon the River Serre, in the most Eastern Borders of that Province; three Miles from la Ferre to the East, and the same Distance from Guise to the South. This small Place, by the English Valor under Edward III. and his Son the Black Prince, in 1346. August 26. received a Name that will last for ever: Philip de Valois being here beaten in a set Battle, in which the Kings of Bohemia and Majorca, Charles Duke of Alensone Brother to the King of

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France, the Duke of Lorraine, Lewis Earl of Flanders, and in all 11 Princes, 80 Barons, 1200 Knights, and 30000 common Soldiers were slain; and King Philip himself escaped with great Difficulty, being scarcely admitted into one of his own Castles, upon his Reply to the Question, Who is here? The Fortune of France. §. There is another Creci in Picardy, upon the River Serre, near Laon, in the Tract of Tierache, §. And a third in the Province of Brie, upon the River Morin, two or three Leagues from Meaux, within the Government of Champaigne.

Crediton, a Market-Town in Devonshire, upon the Rivers Credit and Forton: The Capital of its Hundred; and formerly a Bishop's See, till King Edward the Confessor translated the same to Exon. It is adorned with a fair Church, built Cathedral-wise; well inhabited, in a rich Soil, and drives a good Trade of Serges. Both the aforesaid Rivers fall into the Ex.

Creil, •reolium, a small City or great Town in the Isle of France, upon the River Oesia, (Oise,) over which it has a Bridge, between Clermont to the North three Miles, and Senlis to the South two.

Crekelade, a Market-Town in Wiltshire in the Hundred of Highworth; which returns two Burgesses to the Parliament.

Crema, [Crema,] Forum Diuguntorum, a City in the State of Venice, called by the French Creme; which is a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Bo•oma; seated upon the River Serium, Serio, sixty Miles from Verona to the West, and twenty from Milan to the East. This City was once a part of the Dukedom of Milan, and is very strongly fortified: Made a Bishoprick in 1579. by Pope Gregory XIII. being the Capital of the Territory adjacent, called Cremasco.

Cremera, a small River in the Dukedom of Thuscany in Italy, falling into the Tiber five Miles below Rome. The 300 Fabii were cut to pieces by an Ambuscade of the Enemy upon the Banks of it: A Misfortune so lamented by the Romans that, they cursed the very City-Gate, by which they marched, with the Title of Scelerata, and placed the Day of their overthrow in the Catalogue of black and dismal Days.

Cremona, Colonia & Ʋrbs Crenomanorum, a City of the Dukedom of Milan, which is a Bishop's See under that Archbishop and stands upon the Po, in the Borders of the Dukedom of Parma, forty Miles from Mantua to the East, and the same distance from Milan to the South-East. This City was built 445 Years after Rome, and made afterwards a Roman Colony; it has been often ruined, and rebuilt; at present a strong, great, rich, populous City; and has a strong Castle to the East, with an University granted by Sigismund the Emperor. The Territory belonging to it is a fruitful delicious Plain, having on the North and East the River Ollio, on the South the Po, (where there are several Districts beyond that River belonging to it,) and on the West the River Abdua. The French and Modenese besieged this City in 1648. but were not able to take it.

Crempen, Crempa, a small but fortified City in the Dukedom of Holsatia, in the County of Stormaren, upon the River of that Name; not above one Mile from the River Elb to the North, about ten Danish Miles from Lubec to the West, and fifteen from Embden to the East. This belongs to the King of Denmark.

Crequi, a Seigniory in Artois, upon the Confines of Picardy, giving Name to an honourable Family which has been famous for divers illustrious Persons.

Cressy, See Creci.

Crespi, Crepiacum, the chief Town of the Dukedom de Valois, in the Isle of France; built in a fine Plain; seven Miles from Meaux to the North, and three from la Ferte. Francis I. and the Emperor Charles V. held a Treaty of Peace here in 1544.

Crest, Crestidium, & Crista Arnaldi, a City in the Dauphinate in France, upon a River of the same Name, two Miles from the Some to the East, and twenty two from Avignon to the North. Fortified with a Castle and a Tower.

Creta. See Candia.

Crevant, Crevantium, a Town in Burgundy in France, upon the North Side of the River Sure, in the North-West Border of that Dutchy, two Miles from Auxerre to the North, and twenty three from Dijon to the North-West. In 1423. there was a sharp Fight here between the English and the French, with the Victory, by Confession, to the English. There is a Stone-Bride over the Sure here.

Creuse, Crosa, a River in France, which riseth in la Marche; and running to the North West, entereth Berry, and passeth through the Town of Black in the Borders of Berry; then entering Touraine, it falls (having in this Course received the Little Creuse and some other Rivers) into the Loyre, at ••ndes above Saumur.

Crewkern, a Market Town in Somersetshire; the Capital of its Hundred: Seated on the Banks of the River Parret. Written also Crokehorn.

Crickhowel, a Market-Town in the County of Brecknock in Wales; the Capital of its Hundred. The Marquess of Worcester has a Castle here.

Crincon, Crientio, a River of Artois, near Arras.

Crinisus, a River in the West of the Island of Sicily, springing in the Valley of Mazara, twenty five Miles from Palermo; and afterwards falling into the Sea of Tunis. Now called Il Belicidestro.

Crismato, Phaenus, a Mountain in Normandy.

Croatia, Liburnia, a Dukedom belonging to the Emperor of Germany, call'd by the Germans Crabaten, and is a part of the Kingdom of Hungary Bounded on the North by Sclavonia, on the East by Bosnia, on the South by Dalmatia and the Adriatick Sea, and on the West by Carniola a Province of Germany. The Turks were heretofore possessed of all the Southern Parts of it; but the Emperor has lately recovered them. The Inhabitants are excellent Horsemen, and have of late done great Service against the Turks.

Crocodilon, an ancient City in the Kingdom of Aegypt, upon the Banks of the Nile, in the Country called Thebais. They adored the Crocodiles as Gods (in the vulgar Opinion) at this Place, and therefore it came to take their Name.

Croia, the principal City of Albania; a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Durazzo, Dyrrhachium, upon the River Lisana; within ten English Miles of the Adriatick, thirty from Durazzo to the North, about a hundred and ten South of Ragusa. It was heretofore very strong. George Castriot, commonly called Scanderbeg, often broke the Fury of the Ottoman Forces here; but after his Death it fell into their Hands.

Cromer, a Market-Town in the County of Norfolk, in the Hundred of North Erpingham, lying to the Sea.

Croncarty, a Sea-Port-Town in Ross in Scotland, upon the Eastern Sea, at the North Point of Murray Fyrth.

Cronenburg, Coronaeburgum, a strong Castle in Zealand, belonging to the King of Denmark: taken by the Swedes in 1658. but since restored again. At this place (which was built by Frederick II. King of Denmark for the purpose, in 1577.) all Ships are forced to pay their Toll, which pass the Sound.

Cronstat, Corona, a City of Transylvania, often called Brassovia, by the Inhabitants Brassaw; in the middle of the Eastern Borders of that Dutchy, towards Walachia; at the foot of the Carpathian Mountains, upon the River Burzazgh. It is a strong Place, and has three great Suburbs, inhabited by three several Nations: forced to receive an Imperial Garrison, in May 1688. General Heusler in a Fight near this place, Aug. 21. 1690. suffered a great Defeat, wherein himself was taken Prisoner by the Tartars; who not knowing him, sold him to Count Teckeley, (who commanded the Action) for seventy Rix Dollars.

Crosno, Crosna, a small City in the Black Russia in the Kingdom of Poland, in the Palatinate of Primyslie, near the Carpathian Hills and the Rivers Visloc and Jasiolde.

Crossen, Crossa, a City in the Province of Silesia, and Kingdom of Bohemia, upon the River Oder; where it entertains the River Borber from the South; about ten Miles above Franckfort. This is the Capital of a small Dukedom, which being many Ages ago mortgaged to the Duke of Brandenburg, and not redeemed in due time, has ever since been in his Possession.

Crotona, an ancient City in the Further Calabria in Italy, which is now a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Regio. Milo and several other famous Athletae were Natives of this place: in whose times it was no less than twelve Miles in circuit.

Croty, a Sea-Port on the North side of the Somme in Picardy, two French Miles from Asselane to the South, and the same distance from Caen in Normandy to the North.

Crouch, one of the little Rivers of the County of Essex.

Crow, or le Crou, Crodoldus, sometimes called Gonnesse, is a River in the Isle of France; which arising above a Village called Louvre, five Miles East from St. Dennis, falls into the Seine, at S. Dennis.

Crowland, a Market Town in Lincolnshire in the Hundred of Ellow upon the River Weeland, in a very fenny low ground. The best Streets of it are severed from each other (not unlike Venice) by interjacent Water-courses; and the Causeys leading to it, so narrow, that no Carts can possibly pass: which may justifie the Proverb, saying, All the Carts which come to Crowland are shod with Silver.

Croy, a Village in Picardy, two or three Leagues from Amiens, giving its Name to a Family of Honor in the Low Countreys.

Croydon, or Croyden, Neomagus, a Market Town in Surrey, the Capital of its Hundred; seated near the Spring head of the River Wandle, nine Miles from London, where the Archbishop of Canterbury has a Countrey House: it has an Hospital for the Poor, and a Free-School for Children, founded by Archbishop Whitgift.

Crumaw or Crumeaw, Crumaviae, a Town in the Province of Moravia in Germany, betwixt Brin and Znaim: adorned with the Title of a Dukedom, and a fine Castle.

Crussol, a Seigniory in the Province of Vivaretz in France, near the Rhosne, giving its Name and the Title of Earl to an Honourable Family.

Cresiphon, an ancient Town of the Kingdom of Assyria, near the Tygris, said to be built by the Parthians.

Cuama or Coama, a River of the Kingdom of Sofala in Africa, said to derive its Source from the Lake of Sachaf (where it has the Name of Zamber) towards the Mountains of the Moon: the same Lake, that the Moderns take to be the Head of the Nile.

Cuba, an Island in the Bay of Mexico in America, to the South of Florida; which is one of the greatest that belongs to that part of the World. It has on the East Hispaniola, (divided from it by a Bay of the breadth of fourteen Spanish Leagues,) on the West the firm Land of America, on the South Jamaica at the distance of nineteen Leagues. In length two hundred Spanish Leagues, in breadth not above thirty five. The greatest part of it is Mountainous, but well watered. Infinitely peopled, when the Spaniards discovered it; but they destroy'd all the Inhabitants, and have not been able yet to people it themselves, so that the greatest part is desolate. This and Jamaica were the first Places of America which Columbus discovered in 1492. There are six Cities in this Island; the principal of which is St. Jago, on the South side; and Havana, a noble and well fortified Sea-Port on the North side; under the Tropick of Cancer.

Cuckfield or Cuxfield, a Market Town in Sussex in Lewis Rape.

Cuco, a strong City by Situation (upon a high Hill) in the Kingdom of Algiers in Africa, towards the River Major. The Soil it stands in affords plenty of all things necessary for humane life.

Cucusa, an ancient City of Armenia the Less upon the Frontiers of Cilioia and Cappadocia, having formerly born the honour of an Episcopal See: and the more remark'd in History, for being the place whither S. John Chrysostom was banished by the order of the Empress Eudoxa.

Cuenca, Conc•a, a City of New Castile in Spain, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Toledo; the Capital of La Sierra. It stands in a Rocky and Mountainous Country, upon the River Xucar, twenty five Leagues East from Toledo, and thirty four West from Valencia. Built by the Goths out of the Ruines of a Roman City called Valeria, not far distant. The Moors became next Masters of it, and kept it till 1177. when the Spaniards recovered it again.

Cueva, a Town in the Kingdom of Castile in Spain, giving its Name there to a Family of Honor.

Cufa, a City of Chaldaea or Yerach in Asia, upon the West side of Euphrates; sixty Miles South from Bagdet, or Babylon, on the Borders of Arabia Deserta, and heretofore the Residence of the Califfs: after that it was under the Persians; and at present under the Turks, being much declined from its ancient Splendor, Wealth and Greatness. Long. 79. 10. and Lat. 32. 00. forty five German Miles above Balsera North.

Cuhiung, a City and Territory of the Province of Junnan in China, having Jurisdiction over six other old Cities, and standing in a fruitful and pleasant Country that is provided with Mines of Silver and Precious Stones.

Cujavio, Cujavia, a Province of the Kingdom of Poland, bounded on all sides by the greater Poland; but the North, where it has Prussia. The chief Town is Brestia, Brezestie, ten Miles from Thorn to the South, and thirty from Damzick.

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Culhu, Cullus, a Town and Port upon the Mediterranean in the Kingdom of Tunis in Africa, where the River Collo or Culhu is discharged into the Sea; betwixt Hipone and Bugia.

Culliton, a Market Town in Devonshire; the Capital of its Hundred.

Culm, a City of Poland, upon the Vistula, in Prussia, built upon a Hill. This is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Gnesa, though heretofore under the Archbishop of Riga: built in 1223. by the Knights of the Teutonick Order; but having suffered much in the Swedish Wars, it is now almost desolate, and the Bishop has removed his Palace to Colme, three Miles more to the East. Culm stands twenty Miles South of Dantzick, and ten North from Waldislaw; and is the Capital of a little Country adjacent, called by the Inhabitants Colmischland.

Culembach, Culembachium, a small Town in Franconia, upon the River Mayn, near the Rise of it; six Miles from Bamberg East, and as many from Coberg South-East; the Capital of a Marquisate belonging to the Duke of Brandenburg; and part of the Burgravate of Noremburg; between the Territory of Bamberg to the West, Misnia to the North, Bohemia and Bavaria to the East, and Norimburg to the South: belonging also to the Duke of Brandenburg.

Culembourg, Culemburgum, a Town and Castle in Guelderland, belonging to the United Provinces; yet as to the Revenue possessed by its own Count: it stands on the River Rhine, above two German Miles from Ʋtrecht to the South-East, and six from Nimeguen to the West. Taken by the French in 1672. and dismantled in 1674.

Culiacan, a Province in New Spain in America, within the Jurisdiction of the Governor of Guadalaxara; between New Mexico to the North, New Biscay to the East, and the Purple Sea to the South and West. It has a City of the same Name.

Cuma, Cumae, once a Colony and famous City of Italy, in the Kingdom of Naples; which in 1207. was utterly ruined by the Saracens. The Ruines of it are yet visible, upon an Hill, on the Tyrrheman Sea, twelve Miles from Naples to the North-West. In the latter times of the Roman Empire, this City was wonderfully fortified; so that Narses the General of Justinian could not take it without a tedious Siege: and at this day the Ruines of it are wonderful: many Noble Antiquities are to be seen amongst them. The Bishops See, that was fixed here, is united with that of Aver•a. Virgil speaks of an admirable Temple of Apollo and a Fortress that adorned this City in Ancient Times. Neither must it be forgotten, that the Sibylla Cumana, her Grott being in the neighbourhood, took her Title from hence: whose Verses prophesied so favourably of our Saviour, that Julian the Apostate thought fit to order them to be burnt. § The Ancients mention other places of the same Name. One, upon the Gulph of Smyrna in Asia Minor, now called Foya Nova, betwixt Smyrna and Pergamus; accommodated with a Port and Fortress. Near to which, the Venetian Fleet obtain'd a Victory over the Turks in the year 1650. Of the rest, nothing said.

Cumberland, is the most North-Western County of England; on the North bounded by Scotland; on the South and West it has the Irish Sea; and on the East Lancaster, Westmorland, the Bishoprick of Durham and Northumberland. It took its Name from the Inhabitants who being of the old British Race, called themselves Kumbri or Kambri. The Country though cold and uneven, is yet not unpleasant to the Traveller. And it affordeth great plenty of Corn, Cattle, Fish, Fowl and Metals: nor is it destitute of many Roman Antiquities, the Reliques of the Roman Garrisons who lay here to defend Britain from the devouring Picts. The principal City is Carlisle. Prince Rupert whilst he lived was Duke of Cumberland by the Creation of King Charles I. his Uncle, 1643. He dying without Issue November 30. 1682. that Honor is now in the Person of his Royal Highness Prince George of Denmark. It became a Dukedom from an Earldom. For in the year 1525. H. VIII. conferred the Title of Earl of Cumberland upon Henry Lord Clifford, in whose Family it continued from thence to 1642. The Eden is the principal River of this County.

Cuneo, Cuneus: See Coni.

Cuningham, a County of Scotland, on the Western Shoar over against the Isle of Arran; on the West it has the Irish Sea, on the North Dunbritoun Fyrth, (which parts it from Lentieth), on the East Cluydsdale, and on the South Kile. The chief Town is Largis on the Irish Sea, seventeen Scotch Miles from Glasco to the West.

Cunsar, one of the Names of the Hyrcanian Sea.

Curacao or Curassaw, one of the Islands known by the Name of Sottovento in the South America, over against the Province of Venezuela, betwixt Oraba and Bonnaire. Taken from the Spaniards by the Dutch in 1632.

Curdistan, Chaldaea, a vast Province in Asia, under the Dominion of the Turks, but upon the Borders of the Kingdom of Persia; containing Chaldaea, part of Assyria towards Media, and a great part of Armenia Major. The Western Bounds are closed by the River Euphrates, and the Eastern by the Tigris; having Tarcomania to the North, and Alidulia to the South. The Curdes, a People partly Mahometans, Heathens, and Christians, take their Name from, and dwell in this Province. The ancient Chaldaea was divided into two parts; the one, North of Mesopotamia, in which Ʋr stood the Country of Abraham: the other, South of Babylon, near Arabia Deserta; a large Champion Country in which the Philosophers lived and flourished, whose same became extended over all the East; and whose enquiries gave the first birth to Astronomy, Astrology, Magick, Philosophy and Theology. Babylon was the Capital of the ancient Chaldaea.

La Cure, Cora, Chora, a River of France, arising in the Dukedom of Burgundy, and flowing through Nivernois, Vezelay or Verzelet and Clamessy, at Vermenton, just opposite to Crevant in the Dutchy of Burgoigne, falls into the Sure.

Cures, an ancient Town of the Sabines in Italy; from whence the Name of Quirites became derived to the Romans; and remarkable also for being the Birthplace of Numa Pompilius. It is thought Vescovio was afterwards built upon the Ruines of this Town.

Curetes, a Name of the ancient People of the Island of Crete.

Curiale, Dianae Oraculum, a small Town on the Coast of Arabia Foelix, towards the Persian Gulph; about twenty seven Miles to the North-West of Cape Raz, the most Eastern Point of that Country, and and eight from Mascate a City.

Curland, Curlandia, a Province of Livonia, called by the Germans Kureland, by the Dutch Coerlandt, by the French Courlande, is bounded on the East by Semigalen, on the South by Samogithia, and on the North and West by the Baltick Sea. This Country belonged anciently to the Teutonick Order; but Sigismund Augustus King of Poland, in 1587. forced Gothardus Ketler Master of that Order, to renounce their Right; and hold it, together with Semigalen, as a Fee of the Crown of Poland. So that ever since it has been separated from Livonia, and annexed to that Crown; and is still in the Possession of the Family of Ketlers, as Dukes of Curland, and

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Subjects to the Crown of Poland. The Capital City of it is Goldingen.

Curresi, Avens, a River of Italy, in the State of the Church, in the Diocese of Sabina; between Campania to the South, and Ʋmbria to the North. It watereth S. Lorenzo and the Abby di Farfa; and then falls into the Tyber, fifteen Miles North of Rome.

Curta, a Village of Hungary upon the Danube, between Comora and Gran. It is a Roman Town ruined.

Curzola, Corcyra Nigra, an Island of the Adriatick Sea, on the Coast of Dalmatia, under the Dominion of the State of Venice; which is twenty five Miles in length from North to South, and five in breadth. It has a small City or Town of the same Name, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Raguza: and there are five other small Villages in it. It lies only five Miles from Cape Cabiccello, a Promontory of Dalmatia.

Le Curzolari, Echinades, Echinae, five small Islands over against the Mouth of the Gulph of Lepanto. Near to which, the Christians gain'd that Signal Naval Victory over Selim II. his Fleet in 1571. in the Battel, called the Battel of Lepanto.

Cusa, an ancient City of Nubia in Africa. And a River of the same Name in the Kingdom of Morocco.

Cusco, Cuscum, a great City of Peru in the South America, one hundred and twenty Miles East from Lima. It was the Royal City of the Kings of Peru, adorned with a stately Temple dedicated to the Sun, and divers noble Palaces and an admirable Fortress, when the Spaniards conquered it; but now dispeopled and ruined. Yet it is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Lima.

Cussit, a Province in Aethiopia.

Custrin, Custrinum, a City in the Marquisate of Brandenburg, on the East side of the River Oder, where it receives the Warta; four Miles North from Franckfort: a very strong Place.

Cuzagne, a small Territory or District in Aquitaine in France.

Cuzt, a large Province of the Kingdom of Fez in Africa, lying eighty Leagues along the River Gureygure as far as to the River Esaha, East of the Province of Temesen; and containing all the courses of the Mountain Atlas betwixt those two Rivers.

Cyclades, a Circle of little Islands in the Archipelago, surrounding the Island of Delos: call'd Paros, Andros, Zea, Micoli, Naxia, Quiniminio, &c.

Cyclopes, the original Inhabitants of the Island of Sicily, living about Mount Aetna; whose extraordinary height mixt with fierceness, occasioned many Fictions amongst the Poets.

Cydnus, a River of Cilicia in Asia the Less, passing by Cogni and Tharsus. Alexander the Great took a desperate Sickness by bathing in it; and some say, the Emperor Frederick Barberaosse died of the coldness of its Water, as he returned from the East in the year 1100.

Cydonia, the same with Canea in Candia.

Cylley, Celia, a City of Stiria in Germany, upon the River Saana, which a little lower falls into the Save; it stands ten Miles from Lambach to the East, and as many from Draburgh to the South-East. The Capital of a County of the same Name, and belongs to the Emperor of Germany: there is in it two very strong Castles, and many Roman Antiquities are thereabouts discovered.

Cynopolis, an ancient City of the Kingdom of Egypt upon the Western part of the Nile; remark'd heretofore for the Worship of the God, called Anubis, in it.

Cynthus, a Mountain in the Island of Delos, upon which the ancient Pagans built a celebrated Temple in the honour of Apollo; who together with Diana was supposed to be born here of L•tona.

Cyparissa, an ancient Town of the Morea, that did belong to the Government of Messene; and imparted its Name to the Cape and Gulph adjacent.

Cyprus, an Island of the Mediterranean Sea, called by the Turks and Arabians, Kubros: about sixty Miles North from the Shoars of Syria, and Anatolia; and extended in length from East to West two hundred and twenty; its Circuit about five hundred and fifty. This Island is so very fruitful, the Air so pleasant, and the Hills abounding so with Metals, that it was by all the Ancients call'd The Happy Island. Ammianus Marcellinus saith, it could build a Ship and fraight her out to Sea, out of what grew here, without the help of any other place. The first Inhabitants were the Cilicians, who yielded to the Phenicians, as these did to the Greeks: Ptolomy the last King of this Island, knowing that Cato was sent against him by the Romans, put an end to his own Life. It continued in the hands of the Greek Emperors till 656. when it was conquered by the Saracens. In 807. the Emperors recovered it; but Richard I. King of England, going to the Holy War, in 1191. and being ill used by the Inhabitants, made a Conquest of it for England; and gave it to Guy de Lusignan, whose Successors were dispossessed by the Templars in 1306. In 1472. the Venetians possessed themselves of it; in 1560. Selim the Grand Seignor gained it from them, whose Successor at this day enjoys it, not without some Confusion and, as occasion serves, Insurrection of the Inhabitants against the Turks. There are three considerable places in it; Merovige at the West end, Colosso on the South side, and Famagusta on the same side more to the East; and about eight hundred and fifty Villages.

Cypsella, See Ipsala.

Cyr, Ciropolis, Cyrus, the same with Carin.

Cyrene, See Cairoan.

Cythera, See Cerigo.

Cyziqua, an ancient City of Asia, built in the twenty fourth Olympiad upon the Propontis and honoured in the Primitive Ages of Christianity with a Metropolitan See under the Patriarch of Constantinople. Over against the Ruines of it, stands a little Island, famous for the Marble that they call the Marble of Cyziqua.

Czaslaw, Czaslavia, a very small City in Bohemia, upon the River Crudimka, nine Miles from Prague to the East, with a considerable Prefecture belonging to it. John Zisca, the famous Captain of the Hussites, who so sharply revenged the deaths of John Hus and Jerome of Prague, was here buried.

Czeben, See Hermanstat.

Czenstokow or Czeschow, Chestocovia, a Town in Poland, upon the River Warta; twenty five Miles East of Breslaw, ten North-West of Cracovia. It is strong as well by Situation, as its Fortifications.

Czeremissi, a Province, or rather a People of Moscovy: reduced under the Empire of the Grand Duke in the year 1552. Lying on both sides of the River Wolga, betwixt the Cities Novogorod-Nisi, and Casan. They are partly Mahometans and partly Pagans, of the Race of the Tartars.

Czeremicz, Sulonia, a Town in Dalmatia.

Czernikow or Czernishaw, Czernihovia, a City and Dutchy in Poland, upon the River Deszna, which falls into the Nieper at Kiovia, twenty eight Miles South-West of Szernikow, or Czernihow. This City is now in the hands of the Russ, as also the Dukedom thereunto belonging, called by the same name. They belonged originally to the Russ; and together with Novogrod, were conquered by Ʋladislaus IV. King of

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Poland; so that the Russ has only recovered what was his own.

Czernobel, a Town in the Palatinate of Volhinia in Poland upon the River Ʋsz; two or three Leagues from the Borysthenes, of little consideration.

Czersk, a Palatinate; and Czesko, a City upon the Vistula, seven Polish Miles above Warzovia or Warshaw.

Czyrkassi, Czyrcassia, a strong Town in the Ʋkraine upon the Nieper, twenty seven Polish Miles beneath Kiovia, towards the Euxine Sea: it has suffered great Extremities of late years from the Cossacks and Tartars, being a Frontier to both those People.

Czyrknizerzee or Zirichnitz, Lugeum, a great Lake in the Province of Carniola in Germany; extended the space of four Miles betwixt the Woods and Mountains, towards Italy; full of Fish, ebbing and flowing extraordinarily, and begetting a fruitful Soyl.

=== D A (Book d) ===
DAbir or Debir, an ancient City of the Anakims in Palestine near Hebron. It had been formerly call'd Kirjah-Sepher, i. e. the City of Learning, as we read Judg. 1. 11. And was first taken by Joshua, Josh. 11. 21. afterwards by Othniel, Judges 1. 13. with a reward of the General Caleb's Daughter given him to Wife for his Victory.

Dabul, Dabulum, Dunga, a strong Maritime City with a large Port and a Castle, at the Mouth of the River Helevacho, in the Confines of the Kingdom of Guzarate; but under the King of Decan: between Daman to the North, and Goa to the South, in 20. deg. of Lat.

Dacia, the ancient Appellation and Division of a large Country of Europe: bounded on the North by the Carpathian Mountains, and the River Preuth; on the East and South by the same River, together with the Danube; and by the Theysse on the West. It was divided into 1. Dacia Ripensis, which contained a part of the present Hungary and Walachia. 2. Dacia Alpestris, answering to another part of Walachia and to Moldavia. 3. Dacia Mediterranea or Gepida, in which was comprehended the present Transylvania. The Albocensii, Sinsi, Taurissi, Piephigi, Biepti, &c. were the then Inhabitants of this Country, under the Government of Kings of their own; till Trajan, conquering Decebalus, reduced them into a Roman Province in the year of Rome 98. and affixed the Name of Colonia Ʋlpia Trajana to their Capital City, otherwise called Varhel or Zarmisogethusa. The Greeks called this people, Getae: It was the Romans that derived the Title of Daci and Dacae upon them. Dacia also in the Monastick Writers is put abusively for Dania, Daci for Dani, and Dacicum for Danicum. In the University of Paris the Danish College is called Collegium Dacorum. The Marish and the Olt were the principal Rivers of Dacia.

Dacha, Paropanisus, a Province in the Greater Asia.

Dada, an ancient City of Pisidia in the Lesser Asia: otherwise by Ptolomy and Strabo written Adata and Adadata.

Dadastana, an ancient City of Bithynia in Asia the Less, upon the Confines of Galatia: remarkable for the death of the Emperor Jovian here.

Dadivan, a delightful Plain four or five Leagues in Circuit in the Province of Farsistan in Persia, between Schiras and Lar: richly planted with Orange, Lemon, and Pomgranate Trees; and traversed by a River that affords plenty of Fish. The English and Dutch, residing at Ormus, are wont to pass the end of the Summer here for pleasure.

Dafar, the Seat of the ancient Homeritae in Arabia Foelix, upon the Arabian Sea.

Dagho, Daghoa, a small Island upon the Coast of Livonia, to the North of the Island of Oesel, in the Baltick Sea, at the mouth of the Bay of Riga, which has two Castles; and is under the King of Sweden.

Dagno, Thermidava, a City of Dalmatia or Albania, upon the River Drino.

Dai or Daae, an ancient People of Scythia Asiatica upon the Caspian Sea, adjoining to the Massagetae.

Dalanguer, Imaus.

Dalecarle, Dalecarlia or Dalarne, a great Province in the Kingdom of Sweden, towards the Mountains of Savona and Norway, which bounds it on the West; on the North it hath Helsinga; Gestricia on the East, and Vermelandia on the South: a vast Country, but it has never a City or good Town in it. Taking this Name from the River Dalecarle, which is one of the most considerable of all the Rivers of the Kingdom of Sweden. It is a Mountainous Country.

Dalem, Dalemum, a small Town of the Dutchy of Limburg in the Low Countreys, under the Hollanders. It stands upon a Stream two Leagues from Liege, and three from Aix la Chapelle: fortified with a strong Castle, and adorned with the Title of an Earldom, and likewise enjoying a Jurisdiction over a Territory of many Villages beyond the Meuse.

Dalia, a Province contained within Westrogothia in the Kingdom of Sweden, between the Lake of of Vener and the Prefecture of Bahuys. Dalebourg is the most considerable Town in it.

Dallendorf, a Village and Castle in Eyfel, in the Dutchy of Juliers, which was the Seat of the ancient Taliates: sometimes called Tallenford.

Dalmatia, the Eastern part of the ancient Illyricum, called by the Ancients Delmio or Dalmatia, from a City of that Name, its Capital. The Inhabitants of which revolting with about twenty Towns from the Kingdom of Epirus, called this small District by the Name of Dalmatia. Afterwards it was conquered by the Romans, and after this by the Sclavonians: called by the Turks Bosnaeli, by the Poles Slowienska, by the Italians Schiavonia, by the French Dalmatie. That Country which now goes by the Name, is but a small part of the ancient Dalmatia; lying upon the Adriatick Sea, and bounded on the North by Croatia and Bosnia, on the East by Servia, on the South by Albania, and on the West by the Adriatick; in which Bounds Morlachia is included. In the year 1076. Pope Gregory VII. in a Council held at Salona, actually erected this Country into a Kingdom, by the Investiture of Demetrius, then Duke of Dalmatia, with all the Ensigns of Royalty. Now the greatest part is under the Turks, but the Sea-Coasts and Islands are in the hands of the Venetians, who have taken several Forts from the Turks in this present War. The Common-wealth of Ragusa lies in Dalmatia also; which is not subject either to the Turks or Venetians, though it payeth a voluntary Tribute to the former; but in 1686. they were very earnest with the Emperor of Germany by their Embassador,

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to undertake their Protection against the Turks. The Sclavonian Language is spoken by the Natives of Dalmatia.

Dalton, a Market Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Loynsdale; seated in a Champaign Country, not far from the Sea.

Dam, a strong Town in Flanders, built of late years to secure Bruges against the Hollanders, from which it stands but one League towards the North. This is still in the hands of the Spaniard. § Dam, a strong Town in the Dukedom of Pomerania, upon the River Oder, right over against Stetin, which is in the Possession of the King of Sweden. § Dam, a Town in Gronningen, three Miles from the chief City of that Province to the East, and one from Delfziil to the West, seated upon Damsterdiep.

Damala, Troezeu, once a City, now a small Town or Village on the Eastern Shoar of the Morea; twenty seven Miles from Napoli to the North-East, and fourteen from Corinth to the South-East.

Daman or Damaon, a celebrated Port on the West of Malabar in the Kingdom of Guzurate, upon the Coast of the Gulph of Cambaia, twenty Leagues from Surate, in 20. deg. of Northern Latitude: in the hands of the Portuguese; who built it, and have so strongly fortified it, that the Great Mogul in vain of late besieged it with forty thousand men.

Damascus, is the principal and the most ancient Town in Syria: seated in a Plain upon the Chrysorrhoas, or a River called the Golden Stream by the Ancients; surrounded with Mountains, one hundred and forty Miles from Jerusalem to the South, and Antioch to the North. This City is so ancient, that it is not known when or by whom it was built; but it is mentioned by Abraham. In the succeeding Ages of the World, it followed the Fate of Syria, successively subject to all the four great Empires, and famous under all. But then the Conversion of S. Paul, which happened in part near and in part within this City, is one of the greatest things that has in the Course of so many Ages befallen it. This was also one of the first great Cities the Saracens took from the Romans, after a Siege of six Months, in 636. by Omar the Successor of Abubecher. In 813. it was made the Seat of one of their Califs. Babylon being the second, and Grand Cairo the third. Conradus III. Emperor of Germany attempted in 1147. to reduce it, without any good Success, by reason of the Divisions amongst the Christians in the Holy Land. In 1298. it was taken by Cassan the Turk, and 30000 Saracens slain; but the Saracens soon after recovered it. About 1395. it became a Prey to that Flagellum Dei, (Tamerlane) the great Scythian Conqueror: After this it was subject to the Sultans of Aegypt, till Selim I. about 1514. subjected it to the Ottoman Empire, under which it still is. This City is an Archbishop's See under the Patriarch of Antioch; the Seat of one of the Turkish Visiers; in a fruitful Valley, so extreamly pleasant withal, as amongst many Writers to gain the Title of the Paradise of the World. Yet not mightily inhabited of later times; being more visited by Pilgrims of the Turkish and Christian Religions, than by Merchants. The Current of the Trade running by Aleppo, fifty Miles more North. It is now called by the Turks Scham. Long. 69. 00. Lat. 33. 00.

Dambea, a City and Kingdom in Aethiopia in Africa, near the Fountains of the Nile; which has a Lake in it of the same Name, (twenty five French Leagues in Length, and fifteen in Breadth) incompassed on all sides by Mountains, out of which arise a vast Number of Rivers to form this Lake, called Bar-Dambea, the Sea of Dambea, in the Aethiopick Language: And out of these Waters, thus united; the Nile springeth, at some Distance from the Mounains. See Nile. There are twenty one Islands standing in this Lake; the chiefest of which is Dek.

Damiata, a City of Egypt, upon one of the more Eastern Mouths of the Nile: Anciently called Tamiatis or Damiata, and now by the Arabians Damiat. This City stands on the opposite Shoar to Pelusium, and grew out of the Ruins of it. Taken by the Christians in 1218. But in 1221. they were forced to restore it, being involved in such Miseries by the Waters that were let loose upon them, that they must otherwise have perished. After this it was retaken by Lewis IX. in 1249. who being afterwards taken Prisoner by the Sultan, was forced to restore it as his Ransom; after which the Saracens burnt it. This is an Archbishops See under the Patriarch of Alexandria; and now a great, well peopled City, and one of the Keys of that Country. Long. 63. 20. Lat. 31. 10.

Dammartin, or Dampmartin, Domnum Martinum, a Town in the Province of the Isle of France near Paris. Adorned with a Collegiate Church; and famous in French History for the Earls of the House that derive their Name from it.

Damor, Leon, a River in Phoenicia, which ariseth from Mount Lebanon, and falls into the Mediterranean Sea, between Sydon and Bayrut.

Damut, Damot, or Damout, a Kingdom of the higher Aethiopia, heretofore under the Abissins; but now torn from them by the Gala's. Its Situation is towards the Lake of Zaire. There are many Golden Mines in it; and a City, the Capital, of the same Name.

Dampierre, a Barony in the Territory of Aunis in France, upon the River Boutonne or Voltunna.

Damvillers, Damvillerum, or Danvilliers, Danvillerium, a strong Town in Luxemburgh, upon the River Maes, seated upon a Hill, five Leagues from Verdun to the North, and about eight German Miles from Thionville to the West. Taken by the French in 1637. and annexed to the Dutchy of Lorrain; but in 1673. dismantled.

Danambre. See the Nieper.

Danby, an ancient Castle in the Tract of Cleveland in the North-Riding of Yorkshire; seated near a large Park and Chase of the same Name. First advanced to the Dignity of an Earldom by King Charles I. in the Person of Henry Danvers of the Line of the Lord Latimer, to whom this Castle did anciently belong: and afterwards upon the Default of Issue from the said Henry, in the Person of Thomas Osborn, created by King Charles II. Baron of Kineton and Viscount Latimer in 1673. and Earl of Danby the year after: The now Marquess of Caermarthen, from King William.

Dandalii, an ancient People of Germany, of great Power in the twelfth Century; and so addicted to their Paganism, that VValdemar King of Denmark with the Princes of Pomerania and Saxony were obliged to force them by Sea and Land to hear Christianity preached amongst them.

Dangala, or Dancala, a City of the Ʋpper Aethiopia, upon the Nile, in the Tract of Nubia, (whereof it is the Capital) and in the Kingdom of Gorhani, towards the North. Long. 52. Lat. 10.

Danneberg, or Daneberg, a Town and County in the Dukedom of Lunenburgh, upon the River Tetza, four Miles from the Elb, and seven from Lunenburgh to the South-East. The Town has a Castle belonging to it. The County belongs to the Duke of Zell, and is extended from East to West upon the Elb, between the Dukedom of Mecklenburgh to the North, the Marquisate of Brandenburg to the South and East, and the Dukedom of Lunenburgh to the West. It had heretofore Earls of its own; but Nicolas,

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the last of them, in 1303. sold it to Otto Duke of Brunswick: Of latter Times it was under the Duke of VVolfembuttel, and by him was granted in 1671. to the Duke of Zell.

Dantsick, Dantzik, Dantiscum, Gedanum, called by the Inhabitants and Poles Danske, and Danzig by the Germans; is a vast well fortified City of Poland; the Capital of Prussia, in the little Pomerania, with a noble Haven and Castle upon the Vistula which a League below dischargeth it self into the Bay of Dantzick, a Part of the Baltick Sea. So watered by two other Rivers, the Rodaun and the Motlau; towards the South and West it has some Hills, which in 1656. were first fortified against the Swedes. This City is Imperial and Free, belonging originally to the Empire. Primislaus King of Poland, in 1295. first walled it against the Knights of the Teutonick Order, as Cromerus saith, lib. 11. After this it was betrayed to the Marquess of Brandenburgh by one Peter Chancellor of Pomerania, who being in wrath with Ʋladislaus Lochicus his Master, King of Poland, and the Castle thereupon surprised by the Teutonick Order, (who pretended to assist Ʋladislaus) they demanded a vast Sum of Money, which the Citizens refusing to pay, they proceeded to take the City, to plunder and slay great Numbers of the Inhabitants. In 1310. Sigismundus Augustus took away half the Customs upon their Disrespect to his Ambassador, who was sent to quiet them, then in Tumult and Disorder: He reserved also the greater Causes to the Determination of the Diet of Poland, contrary to the Privilege granted by Casimirus his Predecessor. In 1569. Stephanus King of Poland, proscrib'd them, for taking part with the House of Austria against him; which Quarrel was ended by the Mediation of the Neighbouring Princes. In 1597. Ʋladislaus IV. had also some Controversies with this City about their Imposts. The Protestant Religion is imbraced here, the Roman Catholick tolerated. No Man is admitted into the Senate, except he be a Luthoran. In 1596. the Senate granted the Jesuits the Monastery of S. Bridget, and S. Maries Church; but the City opposed it so vigorously, that three Days after they were forced to recall their Edict. In 1657. this City was forced to burn her own Suburbs to prevent their being taken by the Swedes. It lies in Long 41. 30. Lat. 54. 20.

Danube, Danubius, Ister, is one of the greatest Rivers in Europe, and no less celebrated both in Ancient and Modern Story: Called Danubius and Ister, whence Ovid. lib. 1. de Pont.<blockquote>Stat vetus Ʋrbs ripae vicina Binominis Istri.</blockquote>The upper part next the Fountains, was for the most part called the Danube; and the lower from Illyricus or Sclavonia, the Ister, as Pliny saith; by the Germans Donaw, by the French Danube, by the Italians Danubio, by the Poles Dunay, by the Turks Tunay. It ariseth in the County of Bar in Suabia, sour German Miles from Freiburgh to the East, and nine from Basil to the North-East; running North-East, it passes by Ʋlm, having received a great many smaller Rivers on both Sides, which for Brevity I must omit. At Leucy it entereth Bavaria, and a little further from the South receiveth the Leck, which passeth by Ausprugh; and still continuing its Course as far as Regensburgh, it then turns and runs more Easterly to the Confines of Austria, where at Passaw it entertains the vast River Inn, which comes from Inspruck, and brings many other with it; from hence it goeth to Vienna, where it makes an Island; then washeth the Walls of Presburgh the Capital of the Ʋpper Hungary, where it divides and makes the Island of Schut: at Comora it unites again, and goes on to Gran, bending its Course more Southerly; from whence it passeth to Buda the Capital of all Hungary, where it makes two other Islands, one above Buda, and another a little below Colocza. The Sarawitz, which comes from Alba-Regalis, falls into it from the West; then the Drave at Esseck; then the Tibiscus a vast River of Ʋpper Hungary from the East; and the Save again on the West by Belgrade, which is the first Town of Servia: from hence its Course is more East, having Moldavia, VValachia, and Bialogrod on the North, Servia and Bulgaria on the South; where it makes many Isles, and then entereth the Euxine or Black Sea by three great Outlets; the two more Northerly, being as it were reunited in the very Entry of them into the Sea. Dr. Edward Browne, in his Travels, saith; That at Crainburgh, not far distant from the Head, it appeared a considerable Stream; a little after from the City Ʋlm in Suevia, where it beginneth to be Navigable, it continues a long Course; passing by Ingolstad, Ratisbone, Straubing, Passaw, Lintz and Vienna, unto Presburgh; from whence through Hungary it makes a Course of above three hundred Miles, before it passes by Belgrade. It drinks in above sixty considerable Rivers; and in a sober Account performs a Course of above 1500 Miles, from its Rise to its Fall. This River has had many Naval Fights upon it between the Turks and Christians. At one time there were twenty Galliots, eighty small Pinnaces, and little less than a hundred Ships of Burthen employed upon it, in a Siege of Buda. At the Siege of Belgrade, Mahomet the Great brought two hundred Ships and Galleys up the Stream; the Hungarians sent so many from Buda down the Stream, that after a sharp Encounter, the Hungarians took twenty, and forced the rest on shoar near the Camp; so that Mahomet was forced to burn them to prevent their being taken by the Christians. This perhaps is more than can be said of any other River in the World. It abounds in good Fish, as Trouts, Perches, large and delicious Carps, exceeding (saith Dr. Browne) any I have seen, &c. some of which is every Year salted, and sent into other Parts. This River, to conclude, was for many Ages the Boundary on this Side of the Roman Empire, and against the barbarous Nations; accordingly the Roman Legions had their Stations upon its Banks: they were the Founders of many of the Cities; and many memorable Actions in those early Days happened near it, sometimes between the Romans themselves, and sometimes between them and the Barbarians.
Danvilliers. See Damvilliers.

Daphne, a delightful Village of old in Syria, upon the Banks of the River Orontes, five Miles from Antioch the Great. Where was a large famous Cypress▪Wood consecrated to Apollo, with a Temple to his Honour also, and another to Diana; and a Spring called the Fountain of Daphne. The Romans for some time kept a Legion here, till they found their Men effeminated by the Pleasures of the Place. Pompey the Great, charmed with its Beauty, became a Benefactor to it. Constantine M. built a House of Pleasure in it in the Year 326. Gallus caused the Body of the Martyr Babylas, the Patriarch of Antioch, to be transported hither; whereupon it is said Apollo surceased his Oracle. Julian the Apostate commanded the said Body to be removed in 362. After which the Temple of Apollo was so consumed in a Storm of Thunder and Lightning, that in S. Chrysostom's time only one Pillar, now nothing is remaining thereof. And the Christian Emperors succeeding Julian erected Churches in its Room.

Darbon, Alpheus, a River in the middle of the Morea, which falls into the Ladon (which falls into the Orfea,) and divides at Pilus: one Branch called

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Illiaco, runs West, and entereth the Ocean over against Zant; the other (Alpheo) runs South, and entereth the Gulph of Arcadia, over against the Town of Stroffhad, 20 Miles North-West of Arcadia.

Darby, Derby, Derbia, is both a City and a County in England. The County has Nottinghamshire on the East, Leicestershire on the South, Staffordshire on the West, and Yorkshire on the North. The River Derwent divides it into two Parts, running North and South, and at last falls into Trent, which is its Southern Boundary. That Part which lies East of Derwent is plain and fruitful; the Western Parts are more mountainous and barren, but abound in Mines of Lead, Iron, Coals, and afford good Pasture for Sheep. In the South-East Part of this County upon the River Derwent, lieth the City of Derby, which first takes its Name from the River, and then lends it to the County: A fine, rich, welltraded City. On the East Side it has Derwent, covered by a Stone-Bridge; on the South it hath a clear Rivolet called Mertenbrook: and within it five Parish-Churches. Thomas Lord Stanley was created Earl of Darby in 1486. by Henry VII. in the first Year of his Reign. The present VVilliam Stanley, who is the ninth Earl of this Family (and the fourth of England) succeeded Charles his Father in 1672. A Title heretofore enjoyed, first by the Earls of Ferrers and Darby, and afterwards by several Princes of the Royal Family.

Darda, a strong Fort at the North end of the Bridge of Esseck, built by the Turks in 1686. and taken by the Germans when they burnt the Bridge: Retaken by the Duke of Lorrain in 1687. and designed to be fortified, but soon after deserted rather, that the Turks might have a free Passage to their ruin, as came to pass Aug. 12. 1687. when they received the greatest Overthrow near this Place, which has befallen them in this last Century. See Mohatz.

The Dardanelles, Dardanium, Dardania, are two Castles built by Mahomet II. The one in Europe, where anciently stood Cestos; the other in Asia, in the place of Abidos, upon the streightest part of the Helespont. They stand two hundred Miles South of Constantinople, as being the Keys of that City. The famous Monsieur Thevenot, who saw them in 1655. thus describes them (as he is translated). That which is in Romania, on the Side of Europe, is built in a triangular Form, at the Foot of an Hill, which commands and covers it; where there is a little Town. This Castle hath three Towers covered with Lead, whereof two are towards the Land, and the third which is the biggest, upon the Harbor. It hath (said he) as I could discern with a Perspective-Glass, about twenty Port-holes▪ level with the Water; in which, besides what I could observe by my Glasses, I was assured that a Man might easily creep into some of the Guns, they were of such a prodigious Bore. The other on the Asia Side is in a Plain, and seemed to me to be almost square. It hath three Towers on each Side, and a Dungeon or Platform in the Middle, but not so many Port-holes as the other. These Castles are of no Strength to Landward, being only designed against Ships, as Mr. Sandys and all observe; but they were kept by strong Garrisons. This Place is famous for the Loves of Hero and Leander, the Passage of Xerxes by a Bridge of Boats, the Passage of the Turks a little above these Castles; and of later times for three Naval Victories obtained here by the Venetians, in 1655, 1656, and 1657. Since that the Turks have built two other Castles, which bear just upon the entrance of the Hellespont, about three Miles more South than the old Dardanelles. That on Asia Side lieth not above two Miles from Troas upon a flat Ground. That on Europe, on the side of a Hill, with round Towers, and several Ascents after the old Fashion, as Mr. VVheeler observes; which, he saith, were built since Mr. Sandys's time, and in all probability since 1655. upon the Occasion of those Venetian Victories. The Turks call Lepanto and Patras, at the entrance of the Bay or Gulph of Lepanto, the Dardanelles, by way of Allusion. There are two other such Castles call'd the Dardanelles of the Gulph of Larta in Epirus, eighty English Miles North-West from Lepanto.

Dardania, the ancient Name of a Country in the upper Maesia, which became afterwards a part of Dacia, and now makes properly the South Quarter of the Province of Servia, wherein Nizza and Ʋscopia stand. § Also an ancient Town and Province of Troas in Asia the Less, mentioned by Mela, Pliny, &c.

Darha, a Country, City, and River in the Division of Biledulgeridia in Africa. The River is subject to an annual Inundation, which beginning in April (if a great one) makes a fruitful Year. Towards this River stands the City Darha in Darha properly so called, which is one of the three Parts this Country is divided into: the others being Itata and the Kingdom of Teslete. This Country lies between the Kingdom of Morocco, Tesset, and Segellomessa; under the Obedience of the King of Teslete, who is a Tributary to the Emperor of Morocco. It abounds particularly with excellent Palm-Trees.

Daria, an ancient Episcopal City of Mesopotamia, fifteen Miles from Nisibin. It has also been called Anastasiopolis, and Anastasia, from its Founder, the Emperor Anastasius.

Darien, a City upon the Gulph of Ʋrraba with a great River in the Province of Terra Firma in the South America. The See of this City has been transferred thence to Panama, being not so considerable a Place as formerly. The River is otherwise called the River of S. John, and El Rio Darien.

Darking, a Market-Town in Surrey, the Capital of its Hundred, upon a Branch of the River Mole; which at a Place, called the Swallow, by the Foot of a Hill here falls under Ground and rises again the Distance of a Mile thence, near Norbury.

Darlington, a Market-Town in the Bishoprick of Durham; the Capital of its Wapentake; with a fair Bridge over the River Skerne, where there runs another small Rivulet into it.

Darmstad, Darmstadium, a Town and Landgravate in the County of Gerawer in Franconia, upon the River Darmstad, which has a fine Castle; where the Landgrave of Gerawer or Darmstad resides. It stands two Miles from the Rhine, and three from Francfort on the Mayn towards the South. And belongs to a Branch of the House of the Landgraves of Hesse, thence entituled, the Princes of Hesse-Darmstad.

Daroca, a Town in the Kingdom of Arragon in Spain, upon the River Xiloca, four or five Leagues from Calatajud, and about ten from Saragossa.

Dartford, a large Market-Town in Kent in Sutton Lath upon the River Darent, not far from the Influx thereof into the Thames. The Rebellion of John Tyler (alias Jack Straw,) in the Reign of Richard II. in 1381. began here.

Darwent, a River in Darbyshire; another in Cumberland; and a third in Yorkshire. Sir Francis Ratcliff of Dilston in the County of Cumberland, was made Earl of Darwent-VVater, by K. James II. August 24. 1687. Baron of Tindale, and Viscount Ratcliff and Langley. See Derwent.

Daventry, a Market and great Road-Town in Northamptonshire, in the Hundred of Fauseley, upon a Rivulet that falls into the Nen.

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Daulia, Daulis, an ancient City of Phocis in Achaia, not far from Delphi to the South. It has sometime been a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Athens; now ruined. § A second in Macedonia, whose modern Name is Eladasagni.

Dauphine, Allobroges, Delphinatus, a great Province in the South-East part of France; bounded on the East by Piedmont, on the North by Savoy and La Bresse, from which it is separated by the River Rhosne; on the West by Lion and Vivarais, from which the same River divides it; and on the South by Provence. It had heretofore Princes of its own, called the Daulphines; but Humbartus II. their last Prince, in 1343. gave this Principality to Philip de Valois King of France, upon Condition that the eldest Son of the King of France should bear this Title, which has been ever since observed. The principal City is Grenoble.

Dax▪ See Acqs.

The Dead-Sea. See Asphaltites.

Deal, a Member of the Town and Port of Sandwich in Kent; of Note for the Harbouring of Fleets from time to time here, in Order to sail East or West.

Dean. See the Forest of Dean.

Dean-Magna, a Market-Town in Glocestershire, in the Hundred of S. Briavells

Deben, a River in Suffolk, upon which VVoodbridge and Debenham stand. It discharges it self into the Sea twelve Miles below the latter.

Debenhan, a Market-Town in Suffolk, in the Hundred of Thedwastree, upon the River Deben.

Debir. See Dabir.

Decan, or Decam, is a very great Kingdom in the Promontory of Malabar in the East-Indies; bounded on the West by the Indian or Arabian Ocean, on the North by the Kingdom of Guzarat, on the East by that of Golconda, and on the South by the Kingdom of Bisnagar. The Capital of it is Visapar; and the greatest part has been subdued by the Moguls, or divided into petty Kingdoms; of which see Mr. Thevenot's Travels. The Portuguese overcame Goa, (a Member of this Kindom) in 1510. and have ever since retained it.

Decize, Dececia, a Town in the Province of Nivernois in France, seven or eight Leagues from Nevers; standing in an Islet of the Loyre, where the River Airon beds with the Loyre. It is a Pass of some Consequence, belonging to the▪ Dukes of Nevers who have a Castle here. And the Roman Medals that have been found at it, demonstrate the Antiquity of it.

Deddington, a Market-Town in Oxfordshire, in the Hundred of VVotton.

Dedham, a Market-Town in Essex, in the Hundred of Lexden.

Dee, Deva, a River called by the VVelsh, Fridwy, ariseth in Merionethshire, from the Lake of Llyntegid; and running North-West, takes in the River of Alwen in the same County; then passeth into Denbighshire, and becomes a Boundary between that and Shropshire, admitting (another of its boundaries) the River Keriog; and passing by Bangor the famous old VVelsh Monastery, it entereth Cheshire at Shocklidge. At Alford it takes in another small River, and in Flintshire the River Allen; so having divided Cheshire from Flintshire at VVest-Chester, it falls into the Irish Sea, making a great Haven, called by the VVelsh Eee, Etu, by the English Dee-Mouth. § Dee, Dea, a River in Galloway in Scotland, which riseth in the Borders of Coila; and running South takes in many other small Rivers, and at last buries it self in Solway Fyrth; which parts Scotland from the North-West of England at Kirkubrig, a famous Town of Galloway.

Deeping, a Market-Town in Lincolnshire in the Hundred of Nesse.

Deizer, Dordomana, a City of Persia.

Delbrugk, Delbrugia, a small Town in the Circle of VVestphalia in Germany, between the Rivers Ems and Lippe. Its ancient Inhabitants were the Brucleri whom Germa••cus overthrew.

Dele, or Dyle, Dila, a River rising near the Village Thile in Brabant in the Low-Countries; running by Louvain, and after the Reception of the Demer, falling into the Scheld at Rupel-Monde.

Delft, Delphi, a City of the Province of Holland, which gives name to a District; one of the principal Cities of that State; very populous and well built. Here is the Monument of VVilliam of Nassaw, the Founder of the Low-Country Liberty, who was here assassinated by the Spaniards, in 1584 And likewise another of Admiral Trump. It is not above one League from the Hague, three from Roterdam, and as many from Leiden, in a Plain. In the year 1536. a Fire almost entirely destroyed it. The Town Delfs-Haven, within a quarter of a League of Rotterdam, is under the Jurisdiction of this City

Delli, Crateres, two little deep Lakes, mention'd by the Ancients, in the Island of Sicily near Catania. They were consecrated by the Natives to the D•i Palisci.

Delly or Delhi, a great City and Kingdom under the Mogul in the East-Indies, upon the River Gemna, a hundred Miles from Agria to the N. towards Labor: length of time had much wasted it: whereupon Chah Jehan, the Father of Auran Zeb Emperor of that Country, in 1625. built up another vast one by it, called Chah Jehan-Abad, or shorter Jehan-Abad, that it might be the Capital of his Empire: since which it has flourished, and encreased above any City in the Indies, as Bernerius (cited by Baubrand) saith, who had often seen it. This City was the Seat of Porus the Indian King, who made himself famous by his Wars with Alexander the Great. Near it stands a Pyramid or Obelisk of Stone, which by its unknown Characters seems to be of great Antiquity; thought in the Indies to have been erected by Alexander the Great after the Defeat of Porus. The River Gemna on which this City stands, runs East, and falls into the Ganges. The Fortress of it is half a League in compass, with round Towers at the distance of every ten Battlements: the Ditches are full of Water, Wharfed with Stone; and it has lovely Gardens round about it. In this Citadel is the Royal Palace. The Town has no Ditches, but Walls filled up with Earth behind, and Towers.

Delmenhorst, Delmenhorstium, a small Town in the Principality of Oldembourg in Germany upon the River Delmen, which denominates it and soon after falls into the Weser. It hath the honor of the Title of an Earldom; three Leagues from Bremen, and a little more from Oldembourg. Under the King of Denmark ever since 1667.

Delos, Ortygia, Lagia, Asteria, Midia, Cynthon, a famous Island of the Archipelago, the chief of the Cyclades, towards Europe: called by the Modern Grecks plurally 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, as comprehending the other Island Rhene or Rhenis with it, because these two at a distance seem to make but one Island. And by Mariners Sdille, by a corruption of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Apollo and Diana were supposed to be born here. The former had here his Temple and his Oracle; some Ruines whereof, with others of a Theatre, a School, &c. are yet visible at Sdilles, that is, the ancient City Delos, called afterwards Athenae Adrianae, which is little inhabited now. In the middle of the Island stands the Mountain Cynthus, which gave the Epithet of Cynthia to Diana; not above one hundred and twenty five foot high, and therefore short of shadowing

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the Island, as it was represented to do in the ancient account. It is a Rock of Marble. The whole Island is covered with heaps of the same. Besides which, it yields Mastick, and Hares in the like abundance as formerly when it received the Name of Lagia from them. Called Delos, says Aristotle, because it shew'd it self of a sudden in a place where no Island was before: which might be the reason of the Ancients sancying that it sometime floated.

Delphi, Delphos, a City of Phocis in Achaia, at the foot of Mount Parnassus, which in ancient times was very great, though not walled otherwise than by the steep Rocks that encompassed it: it had a Castle which stood on the top of a Rock, now called La Castri. This Place once so famous for the most admired and rich Temple of Apollo Pythius and the Oracle which the Gauls under Brennus attempted in vain to spoil, in Christian times became a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Athens: but since it fell into the hands of the devouring Turks, it is become a poor small Village twenty Miles West from Leucadia, forty from Lepanto to the East, and about seven, saith Baudrand, from the Bay of Corinth. It is observed by Suidas, Cedrenus, Nicephorus, and divers others, that about the time of the Nativity of our Saviour, this Pythian Oracle became dumb. And Augustus, being astonished at its silence, received for answer,<blockquote>Me Puer Hebraeus, divos Deus ipse gubernans, Cedere sede jubet tristemque redire sub orcum; Aris ergo dehinc tacitis abscedito nostris.</blockquote>Nero afterwards plundered it of five hundred Statues of Brass, with all its Wealth, broke down its Buildings, and distributed the Lands belonging to it amongst his Souldiers.
Delta, an Island made by the Nile in Egypt, of the fashion of the Letter Δ in the Greek, in the way as that River flows from Cairo. Ptolomy mentions two, a greater and a less of this sort. The ancient City Busiris did stand in the midst of this Island.

Demer, Tabuda, a River in Brabant.

Demetriade, Dimnitrado, Demetrias, an ancient City of Magnesia in the Province of Thessalia in Macedonia, upon the Gulph dell' Armiro, or the Pelasgicus sinus of the Classicks. It has been heretofore a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Larissa, from which it stands twenty Miles to the East.

Denbigh, Denbiga, one of the twelve Shires in wales, has the Irish Sea on the North; Flintshire on the East: Merinoth on the South, and Caernarvan on the West. The principal Rivers are Cluyd, Elway, and Conwey; which last separates this Shire from Carnarvan. The West part is barren; the middle, where the Cluyd runneth, is plain and very fruitful; the last part (except what lies upon the D〈…〉 is less fertil. Denbigh, the principal Town, stands upon a declining Rock. H. Lacy Earl of Lincoln obtaining a Grant of this Place from Edward I. walled it, and set up a Castle on the South side; but wanting Water and being of difficult Access, the Inhabitants have by degrees removed their Dwellings nearer the River; and in Mr. Cambden's time were building a second Church, the former not being able to contain the Inhabitants. This Town has the River Aled or Elwy on the West, and the Cluyd on the East, which meet beneath it to the North: it has a Bridge over both of them; the later Maps place the Elwy on the South of the Town. It stands fifteen Miles from Chester to the West, and four from S. Asaph to the South. The Right Honorable William Fielding is Earl of Denbigh, and the fourth Earl of his Family.

Dendermonde, Teneramunda, is a strong Town in Flanders upon the River Schelde, where the Tenera from Alost falls into it; lying in the middle between Gant and Antwerp, about five Leagues from either.

Denmark, Denemarck, Dania, Cimbrius Chersonesus, called by the Italians and Spaniards Danimarca, by the Poles Dunska. Is one of the most ancient Kingdoms of Europe, yet of no great Extent. Part of a vast Peninsula, (called of old Cimbricus Chersonesus, in middle time Jutland) and some Islands in the Eastern and Baltick Sea, make the body of this Kingdom; except that the Kingdom of Norway, together with Greenland, Island, and Feroe is now annexed to it. It was once a part of the Kingdom of the Goths, but now a separate Kingdom, consisting of two parts, Jutland and the Isles. The North of Jutland only is under the King of Denmark. viz. Nort Jutland, and the Northern parts of Suder Jutland. Of the Islands, Zeeland, Fuynen and Bornholm in the Baltick Sea, and Island in the Virgivian Ocean are the chief. Coppenhague in the Isle of Zeeland is the Capital of the whole. There were also three Counties on the Norway side; Blecklen, Schania and Haland, which belonged originally to Denmark: but in 1645. by the Treaty of Brooms-Boa, these and some other Islands were surrendered by Christian IV. to the Swedes for ever; and again in 1658. and 1660. confirmed to the Swedes. This Kingdom had heretofore the Isles of Shetland on the North of Scotland, which were granted to James VI. as a part of his Queens Dowry. The King of Denmark possesseth also in Germany, 1. Half the Dukedom of Holsatia. 2. The Counties of Oldenburgh, and that of Delmenhorst; which two fell to him by Inheritance from the last Count of Oldenburgh. Till 1660 the Crown was Elective, but then made Hereditary by Frederick III. The Danes have also enlarged their Princes Bounds by planting a New Denmark in the North of America. This Kingdom once was one of the most Powerful in Europe; (as may be remembred more particularly to us, by their Incursions into England, Scotland and Ireland; where they maintained War with our Ancestors above three hundred years together): But by the Fate of Time, War, and other humane Calamities, reduced to the state in which it now is. The Danish Writers derive its Name, and pretend to give a Catalogue of their Kings, from Dan the Son of Jacob. It is a cold Climate, but fruitful enough in Corn, Cattle and Fish; and the greatest Revenue of the Crown comes from the Toll that is payed for passing the Sound.

Denia, a Sea-Port in the Kingdom of Valentia in Spain, over against the Isle of Yvica, on the Mediterranean Sea, eleven Miles from Valentia to the South.

Denin, a celebrated Nunnery in the Low Countreys, upon the Road from Valenciennes to Doway: where the Chapter is composed of 18 Chanonesses, who are all Ladies of Quality, taking the Title of Countesses of Ostrevan, from their Founder S. Aldebert, an Earl of Ostrevan, who left both his Estate and Dignity to them. They enter into no Vows Marry at their pleasure, leaving only their thanks to the Chapter for the honour they have enjoyed by it.

St Dennis en Uaux, ad Sanctum Dionysium in Vallibus, a Town in the Dukedom of Orleans in France.

St. Dennis Carriere, a Town and a famous Monastery in the Isle of France, two Leagues from Paris to the South; one of the richest Monasteries in that Kingdom, upon the River Crou, which a little lower falls into the Scin. The Abbey was founded in 636. by Dagobert King of France in honor of S. Dennis, whose Bones sleep here. But the Church was rebuilt since by Suggerus one of their Abbots, in three Years and three Months, ending in 1144. Here are the Tombs of the Kings of France. Some of which have died here too.

St. Dennis, a Town in Normandy in the Forest of Lyons, on the Borders of Beauvois, in which Henry I. King of England died.

Deptford, a large Town in Kent in Sutton Lath; situated at the fall of the River Ravensburn into the Thames amongst rich and low Meadows, and provided with a Dock and Store-house for the Navy Royal. It is divided into the Upper and Lower Town.

Derbices, an ancient People about the Mountain Caucasus in Persia, towards the Caspian Sea, and the Confines of Scythia; said to be very Cruel and Barbarous in many Customs.

Derby, See Darby.

Dereham East, a Market Town in Norfolk in the Hundred of Milford.

Dernis, a Town and Fortress in Dalmatia upon an Hill near the River Cicola. Taken and burnt by the Forces of the Republick of Venice in 1684.

Derote, Latone, a famous City in the Egyptian Delta, which is still extant, and of some consideration; but without any Walls, as Zeiglerus saith.

Derpt, Torpatum, a City of Livonia, called Juriogrod by the Russ. A small City belonging to the Poles, in the Province of Odenpoa, upon the River Embeck, near the Lake of Peibas on the West side, twenty one Miles from Ruel to the South-East, and fourteen from Pleskow to the West. Anciently a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Riga, from 1230. but the Bishoprick is now extinct. Taken by the Swedes in 1625. under the Command of James de la Gardie. And in 1632. there was an University opened in it by Gustavns Adolphus King of Sweden.

Derry, Roboretum, Derra, Deria, commonly called London-Derry, is both a City and a County in the Province of Ʋlster in the Kingdom of Ireland. The County is bounded on the North by the Ocean, on the East by Antrim, on the South by Tyrone, and on the West by Dunglass; and was heretofore called Colrane. The City is a Colony from London, sent about an hundred years since into these parts; and in 1664. the Bishops See was removed from Rapoe hither. In the great Massacre it preserved it self, and afforded shelter to as many as fled to it; the Irish being neither able to surprize, nor Master it: seated on the Western Shoar of the Lake of L. Foyle, twelve Miles from the Sea. Several thousands of this place perished through Sickness and Famine in the time they held it out for King William. At last they were relieved by Major General Kirke, July, 19. 1689. whereupon King James II. his Men decamped, leaving little appearance of a Siege behind them by the damage done to the Houses or Walls. For after King James's own presence and all the inviting means that could be used by him, proved ineffectual to alter the resolutions of the People by Persuasion, they thought to have reduced it by Famine.

Dertinouth, a fine Town and Haven in the South-West part of Devonshire, upon the River Dert, from whence it is so called; twenty four Miles South of Exeter. The Haven is much frequented by Merchants, and for that cause secured by two Castles or Forts. The Town has also a Mayor by the Grant of Edward III. And has often defended it self stoutly against the French; but especially in 1404. when de Castell a French Man, (who by his Men of War and Pyracies had stopped all Commerce in these parts, and burnt Plymouth), upon his attempting this Place, was by the Women and Country people intercepted, and slain with all his Company. The Loyal Colonel George Legge, was by Charles II. created Baron of Dertmouth, Novemb. 2. 1682. and by James II. Earl of Dertmouth. The River Dert riseth in the same County West of Chegforde; and running South, takes in a small Rivolet which comes from Ashburton, giving its Name on the West to a place called Dertmore; at Dean Prior on the West, it takes in another; and a little further, one called Harborne on the same side; from whence it passeth to its Outlet or Mouth, having performed a course of about twenty Miles.

Derwent, a River of Derbishire, which riseth in the Confines of the County of York; and running South, divides that whole County into two parts; at Bromford it takes in the New River; about five Miles further to the South, the Wye; then on the East side, the Amber at Danfield, another from the West; and at Derby, one called Merton-Brook; then having reached the other extremity of this County, the Trent, there and in that noble River it ends.

Derwent-Water, a Tract in the East-Riding of Yorkshire, betwixt the Rivers Ouse and Derwent: Honoured with the Title of an Earldom. See Darwent.

Dess, Disa, Dios, a River arising in the Bishoprick of Liege in the Low-Countreys, thence passing to Bosleduc, and a little further to the North losing it self in the Maes.

La Desiderada, a little and fruitful Island in the South America amongst the Antilles, under the French; ten or twelve Leagues from Guadaloupe: First discovered by Columbus, and so named by him, in signification, that he had attained his desires.

Desize, See Decize.

Desmond, Desmonia, by the Irish Deswown, is a County of the Province of Munster, in the South-West part of Ireland, upon the Rivers Mare and Bantry; having Kerry on the North, the Ocean on the West, and Cork on the South and East. It has two small Towns, Doneyne on the North, and Ardey on the South of Mare. William Fielding, Earl of Denbigh, is Earl of Desmond also.

Il Despotato, Despotatus, a Province of Greece, the same with the Aetolia, or according to others, with the Acarnania of the Ancients, or rather both; including also the Isles adjacent: being in the time of the Grecian Empire, the Government of the second Despote in quality (after the Despote of Peloponnesus) of all Greece.

Dessaw, Desavia, a strong Town in the Ʋpper Saxony upon the River Elb, six Miles from Mecydburg to the East, and five from wittenberg to the West; the usual Residence of the Prince of Anhault: at this Town the River Multa enters the Elb from the South. Also famous for a Victory obtained by Albert Wallenstein over Count Mansfield, in 1625.

Dethgle, Tigris.

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Deva, a Town of Guipuscoa in Spain, upon the Bay of Biscay, upon a River of the same Name; ten Miles from Valenzia to the East, and the same Distance from S. Sebastian to the West; having a very convenient Haven. The River riseth in the Mountains of Segura, and running North, falls here into the Bay of Biscay, after a Course of about twenty Miles; in the middle of which it salutes the City of Placentia.

Develtus, Develto, called by the Bulgarians Zagoria, or Zagora, is a City of Bulgaria, at the Foot of the Mountains, upon the River Panize; ten German Miles from the Euxine Sea, eighteen from Adrianople to the North-East; in the very Confines of Romania and Bulgaria: Heretofore a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Adrianople; but now raised to an Archbishoprick it self.

Deventer, Deventria, a City in the Province of Over-Yssel, which is the Capital of that Province. It stands upon the Yssel, four Miles from Zwol to the West, and seven from Nimeguen to the North-West. Made a Bishop's See by Pope Paul IV. in 1559. under the Archbishop of Ʋtrecht. Betray'd to the Spaniards in 1587. Subdued and brought under the Ʋnited Provinces again in 1591. Taken by the French in 1672. and deserted in 1674. It is surrounded on all Sides with Water, and very strongly fortified.

Deveril, a little Stream in VViltshire, which runs under ground a Mile.

Devizes, a Market and Borough-Town in VViltshire in the Hundred of Swanborn, near the Head of a Stream of the same Name with it self, which joyns the Avon. It returns two Burgesses to the Parliament.

Devonshire, Devonia, is one of the Southern Counties of England, which takes its Name from the Danmonii, the ancient British Inhabitants. On the North it is bounded by the Irish Sea, on the West by Cornwall, (from which it is divided by the River Tamar;) on the South by the British Sea, and on the East by Somersetshire and Dorsetshire. It hath on both these Seas many good Harbours; and is rich in Mines, especially the Western Parts. It abounds in pleasant Meadows, fine Woods, rich Towns: In other Places where the Soil is more barren, it is yet improveable, and rewards the Tillers Industry. Its chiefest Rivers are the Tam•r, the Turridge, the Taw, Ex, and Dert. The chief City is Exeter, next to which is Plymouth. The Honourable William Cavendish is Earl of this County, whose Grandfather William obtained this Honour from James I. Aug. 20. 1618. and has enjoyed it ever since 1628.

Deux-Ponts. See Zweybrucken.

Dewsberg. See Hensterberg.

Diablintres, Diablindi, or Diablitae, an ancient People of Gallia Celtiqua; supposed to dwell in the (now) Province of la Perche; with Noviodunum, or Nogent le Rotrou, for their Capital. Others say, in the Lesser Brittany, near Neodunum or Doll, where there are some Lands still bearing the Name of les Diableres, and Families of les Diables.

Le Diamond, a great Rock upon the Coast of the Island Martinique in the South America, at the Distance of a League. Observed to swarm with Fowl.

Diarbech, Mesopotamia, a Country in Asia, between the Euphrates and the Tygris; which is now in the hands of the Turks.

Diarbekir, a great and populous City of Mesopotamia upon the Banks of the Tygris; the Seat of a Potent Bassa, who is generally one of the Viziers of the Ottoman Empire, and has nineteen Sangiacs under him in the Compass of his Province. It is surrounded with a double Wall of sixty two Towers, and adorned with a stately Mosque which heretofore belonged to the Christians; whereof they reckon no less then 20000 still living in it, of the Armenian, Nestorian or Jacobite Churches, together with some Capuchines. It stands upon an Eminence, affords plenty of Provisions, and is able to bring into the Field 20000 Horse.

Dibres, a Town of the Kingdom of Epirus in Greece, taken by the Turks in 1442.

Dichling, a Market-Town in the County of Sussex, in Lewis Rape.

Dictamo, Dictamne, a Town in the Territory of Canea in the Island of Crete, whence comes the medicinal Herb Dittany.

Die, Dia Vocontiorum, Dea, a City in the Dauphinate in France; heretofore a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Vienne; but in 1275. by Pope Gregory IX. united to that of Valence. This City stands on the North Side of the River Drome, which falls into the Rhosne, eight Miles from Valence to the East, and eleven from Grenoble to the South-West. It is a Roman Town, called by Antoninus Dea Augusta, and in the Councils Dia. The Huguenots, in the Years 1577. and 1585. took and used it severely, and rased its Cittadel. An Inscription not long since was found in it, Matri Deûm Magnae Idaeae. For the Vocontii (its antient Inhabitants) were great Worshippers of that Goddess; whence the Name Dia came to be derived to this place.

Diemens, Diemini Regio, a Part of the Terra Australis, discovered in 1642. by a Dutchman of this Name. Yet we know not, whether it be an Island or a Continent.

Diepholt, a small Town in the Circle of VVestphalia in Germany, belonging to the Duke of Brunswick. It stands upon a Stream betwixt Bremen and Osnaburgh; with the Honour to bear the Title of an Earldom.

Dieppe, Deppa, a strong Sea-Port-Town, which has a noble Haven, in Normandy in France, upon the River Arques, fourteen Miles from Roan to the North, right over against Lewis in Sussex. This Town is remarkable for its Loyalty to Henry the Great, of France; who retiring hither, and not long after receiving a supply from Queen Elizabeth of 22000 l. in Gold and 4000 Men under the Lord VVilloughby, beat the Duke of Main, the General of the Leaguers, after all his Confidence, that he should either take this Prince Prisoner or drive him out of France. Which great Victory was unexpectedly gained in 1589.

Diest, a Town and Barony in the Dukedom of Brabant in the Low-Countries, upon the River Demere, two Leagues from Dalen and three from Tillemon. There are two Collegiate Churches in it.

Dietmarsh, or Dithmarsh, a part of Jutland in the Dukedom of Holsatia, at the Mouth of the Elbe; having the Ocean on the West, Holsatia on the East, the Elbe on the South, and the Dukedom of Sleswick on the North. It is so full of Marshes as to take its Name from them. The Inhabitants Rebelling against the Kings of Holsatia in 1500. obtained a great Victory; but in 1559. Adolph, Duke of Holsatia, being imployed by Frederick II. King of Denmark, conquered them, and deprived them of a barbarous Liberty which they had maintained four Hundred Years. The South part of this Territory is under the King of Denmark, whose Eldest Son is to reside here; and the North part under the Duke of Holsatia, which is separated from the Dukedom of Sleswick by the River Eyder.

Dietz, or VVietz, a small Town in the Principality of Nassaw in Germany upon the River

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Lhone: Fortified with a Castle on each of the two Hills within the Walls.

Digne, Dinia, Dina, Civitas Diniensium, a City in Provence, which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Embrun; it stands upon the River Bleonne, ten Miles from Embrun to the South, and thirty two from Avignon to the North-East. It is a very fine City and particularly esteemed for its hot Baths.

Dijon, Divionum, Divio, the Capital City of the Dukedom of Burgundy, and the Seat of the Parliament, upon the River Ousche; sixteen Leagues from Langres to the South, thirty six from Lion to the North. It is a great and well built City, and has an old Castle and a small Territory belonging to it. Long. 26. 02. Lat. 46. 50. Aurelian the Emperor walled it. The Children of Hugh Capet, who made this the Capital of the Kingdom of Burgundy, much enlarged and beautified it. Under the Dukes of Burgundy it had Counts: And Lewis XI. who got the possession of it, after the Death of the Duke of Burgundy, by the means of the then Prince of Orange, built the Castle to keep the Inhabitants in Subjection. The Reformed Religion, in 1562. beginning to spread here, was extinguished by an Edict; those that imbraced it being disarmed, and some of them banished. Near this City S. Bernard was born. There was a French Council held here in 1075. And another in 1199. under Pope Innocent III. at the Instance of Canutus King of Denmark, in the behalf of his Sister Isemburge, Wife of Philip the August King of France who had divorced her and remarried. Whereupon the whole Kingdom was interdicted by the Pope's Legate in this Council, and continued so seven Months, till King Philip vacated the said Divorce and received the Lady for his Wife again. By a Stone with an old Roman Inscription here found, it appears that this City was in those times called Dibione. The Mayor of it is honoured with the Title of a Viscount.

Dilinghen, Dilinga, a City in the Circle of Schwaben in Germany, upon the Danube, in the Diocese of Auspurgh, seven Miles East of Ʋlm, and the same Distance North-West from Auspurgh. An University here was founded by Cardinal Otto Trucio, Bishop of Auspurgh under Pope Julius III. in 1549. This City and the County belonging to it, were united for ever to the Bishoprick of Auspurg, by Hermanus, the last Count, Bishop of this Diocese, who died about the Year 1260. The Jesuits of Dilinghen gave great Provocations to the Swedish War in Germany, by perswading Ferdinand II. that the Protestants of his times were not the same with those of 1530. tolerated by Charles V. and therefore the Emperor who was then victorious, was not obliged to keep the Peace with them. By which Insinuation, in 1629. they put that Prince on those Actions, which brought on a War that had like to have ended in the Ruin of the House of Austria, the German Liberty, the Empire, and the Roman Catholick Religion there.

Dillemburgh, a Town and County in the Circle of the Rhine in VVesterwalt. The Town stands on the River Dilla, five German Miles from Marpurgh to the West, and eleven from Francfort, upon a Hill; and has a strong Castle, in which the Counts reside. The County is called by the Germans, Das Graffschaft von Dillemburgh; bounded on the East by Hassia, on the North by Westphalia, on the West by the Rhine, and on the South by Solmis. This is under the Dominion of its own Prince, who is of the Family of Nassau. There is in it, besides Dillemburgh, a Town called Herborn, which is an University.

Dimel, Dimola, Dilla, a River of Germany, which divides Hassia from VVestphalia, and falls into the Weser at Helmerstrusen, seven Miles East of Paderborn.

Dimitrado See Demetriade.

Dimotuc, Didymotyches, a City of Thrace, upon the River Hebrus, (which almost surrounds it) about seven Miles from Adrianople to the South: Formerly a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Adrianople, but now an Archbishop's. Bajazet, one of the Turkish Emperors, was born here; who resign'd the Empire and retired hither again.

Dinant, Dinantium, a Town in the Bishoprick of Leige, upon the River Maes, over which it hath a Stone-Bridge that has been ruined often, but now repaired; ten German Miles from Brussels to the North-East. Taken by the French in the Reign of Henry II. in 1554. and almost ruined and its Cittadel demolished. But all very well rebuilt again, and its Cittadel is now standing upon a steep Rock. There is another Town of the same Name in the Dutchy of Britain in France upon the River Rance, five Miles South of S. Malo, which was heretofore a strong Place; and gave the Title of Earl to the younger Sons of the Dukes of Brittany.

Dingle, Dinglae, a small Town, and a convenient Port, in the County of Kerry, in the Province of Mounster in the South-West Part of Ireland; which stands upon a large Bay of the same Name, seventy English Miles West of Cork. § There is a Marsh in the County of Suffolk of the same Name, which signifies, salt Water washes, as Mr. Camden seems to intimate.

Dingolving, or Dingelfing, Dingolvinga, a small Town in the Dukedom of Bavaria; where there was a Council held in 772.

Dinkesipiel, Dinchespila, a small Imperial City, in the Borders of Franconia, upon the River Warnaw; twelve Miles from Ʋlm to the North-East, and ten from Nuremberg to the South-West. It belongs to the Circle of Schwaben; and has been often taken by the Swedes and French in the Wars of Germany.

Dionysia, a figurative Name of the Island Naxia in the Archipelago; given it by the Ancients in Allusion to Dionysius (or Bacchus) upon the Account of its abounding with excellent Wines.

Dionysiopolis; divers antient Cities occur under this Name. One in Bulgaria; see Varna. One upon the River Indus in Asia, in the Country where stood the Pillars called Dionysii Columnae: This the Ancients report to have been built by Dionysius (or Bacchus;) being the same with the Nagara, Nysse, or Nerus of the modern Geographers. One in Phrygia, mentioned by Pliny. And another in Africa, by Stephanus.

Dioscoros, Dioscori, or Dioscoride, an Island of Magna Graecia, in the Calabrian Ocean, over against Capo delle Colonne, at a few Leagues distance. § Another of Africa. See Zocotera.

Diospolis, an ancient City in the Thebais in the Kingdom of Aegypt; surnamed Hecatompylos from its having an hundred Gates, or rather so many Princely Palaces in it, when the Kings of Aegypt, called Diospolites after its Name, made this place their Residence and Capital of their Kingdom. § Also an ancient City of the Holy Land, which was made a Bishop's See under the Patriarch of Jerusalem: Called otherwise Lydda, Rama, and S. George; and remarked in Ecclesiastical History for a Council assembled at it in 415. against Pelagius, wherein he was acquitted of the Accusations of his Adversaries.

Dirgh, a Lake in the County of Dungal in the Province of Ʋlster in Ireland; out of which the River Leffye springs. In an Island thereof you see the Cave the People call S. Patrick's Purgatory, near the Ruines of a Monastery that was dedicated to

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S. Patrick. The Noise of some subterraneous Winds or Waters heard by the People hath occasioned this conceited Name amongst them.

Disne. See Aisne.

Disse, a Market-Town in the County of Norfolk upon the River Wavenay. The Capital of its Hundred.

Ditmarsen. See Dietmarsh.

Diu, Diou, or Dive, a small Island, with a Fort upon it, in the Mouth of the River Indus, belonging to the Portuguese. It has also a small but very strong City belonging to it, which the Turks, in the Years 1538. and 1548. besieged in vain. This Island is a part of the Kingdom of Guzarate, and lies fifty Leagues from Surata to the West, at the Entrance of the Bay of Cambaya. It hath been in the Hands of the Portuguese ever since 1535.

Divan Du Rou, Insulae Divandurae, a Knot of five or six small Islands in the Archipelago de Maldivas in the East-Indies, under the King of Cananor. About twenty seven Leagues distant from the Island of Malicut. They are reputed extreamly healthful.

Dive, in Latin Diva, and Deva, a River in Normandy, which riseth near the Town of Dive; and running North-West, takes in the Ante at Morteaux, the Leison and Vie at Hervetot; the Mauch, the Beverrone, and some others; and falls into the British Sea below Cabour, five Miles and a half West of Honfleure. § There is a River in the Province of Poictou of this Name which takes its Rise at the Town Grimaudiere, receives the Gron at Moncontour, and continuing its Course to Londun takes in the Matrevil and the Briaude; till below S. Just it self is received by the Thouay, which soon after falls into the Loyre.

Divertigi, Selucia ad Belum, a City of Asia, which was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Apamea; lying in Syria, thirty Miles from Antioch to the East. It may be supposed to be now ruined; being hardly to be found in the later Maps.

Divice, a famous Fountain at Bourdeaux.

Diul, Indus.

Dixmuyde, or Dixmude, Dixmuda, a very strong Town in Flanders, in the Possession of the Spaniards; though it has been often taken by the French. This Town stands upon the River Ipre, three Miles from New-Port to the South; and is now a Frontier Town against the French.

Doblin, Dublinum, a City in Curland, upon the River Terwa, in the Confines of Samogitia, six German Miles from Mittaw to the West, and fourteen from VVomic, or Mednici, to the East. Under the Duke of Curland.

Dobroncha, Epidaurus, a Maritime City of Dalmatia.

Dobrzin, Dobrinum, Debricinium, Dobriznum, a Town in Poland, which is the Capital of a Palatinate upon the Vistula, between Ploczko to the South, and Wladislaw to the North, a few Leagues above Culm. The Palatinate is usually taken for a part of that of Ploczko, on which it borders to the North, as it does on the Vistula to the West, and Prussia to the North.

Docastelli, Lycastum, a Town of Cappadocia in the Borders of Paphligonia upon the Shoars of the Euxine Sea, near the Bay of Amisenum, between Halis and Iris, (Irio): distant from Amiso to the East thirty six Miles.

Docum, Dockum or Dorkum, Doccumum, Docomium, one of the principal Towns in West-Friesland, four Leagues from Leeuwarden towards the North-West, and five from Groningen; upon a Canal near the Sea.

Dodbrook, a Market Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of Colrudge.

Dodona, an ancient City of the Kingdom of Epirus in Greece, in the Country then called Molossia: famous for the neighbouring Grove of Dodona, in which Jupiter had his Temple and his Oracle, with the Title of Dodonaeus thence. It stood near a River of the same Name that joined it self with the Achelous.

Doesbourg or Doesborck, Doesburgus, Drusiburgus, Arx Drusiana, a strong, rich and populous Town in the Province of Guelderland in the Low-Countreys, upon the Issel, at the Mouth of the old Canal of Drusus, one German Mile from Zutphen. Taken by the French in 1672. It is no very great Town.

Doffrini, the Mountains of Scandinavia.

Doggers bank, the Name of some Sands in the German Ocean.

Doira and Doria, a double River of Piedmont. The Greater, which is called Doria Balta, springeth from the Grecian Alpes in the Borders of Le Vallais; and leaving Aosta, Pont de S. Martino, and Inurea to the East, at the latter it divides; sends one Branch to Vercelli, called the Naulio; then continuing its course, it receiveth from the West the Cuisella, and ends in the Po at Verolengo or S. Giovan, thirty two Miles from Alexandria to the North-West. The Lesser Doria riseth in the Cottian Alpes, from the Mountains called the Genebre in the Dauphinate; and running East, it washeth Susa, Bozolengo and Aviglana; and falls into the Po not above half a Mile beneath Turino.

Dol, Dolum, Neodunum, Tollium, a City in the Lesser Britainy in France, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tours; called by the Ancients NEODƲNƲM: stands in a Marshy Ground, and of no great Circumference; not above two Leagues from the British Sea, and four from S. Maloe's, with a Castle. There was a Council here assembled by Pope Ʋrban II. in 1094. The Bishops of this See have formerly made strong Pretensions to the Metropolitanship of Bretagne.

Dolcigno. See Dulcigno.

Dole, Dola ad Dubim, a City in the Dukedom of Burgundy, strongly fortified, being the Capital of that Dukedom, the Seat of the Parliament, and an University founded in the year 1426. by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy. It stands upon the River Dou (Dubis), nine Miles from Dyon to the East, and from Verdun to the North. This Town was sack'd by Lewis XI. in 1479. Fortified by the Emperor Charles V. in 1530. Besieged by the French without their taking of it in 1636. Taken by the French from the Spaniards in 1668. Retaken in 1674. and by the Treaty of Nimeguen annexed to the Crown of France for ever. The Country about is called the Bailage de Dole, which together with the Town, was then resigned to the French King.

Dollert, a vast Lake or Bay at the Mouth of the River Amasus, between Groningen and Emden; which in 1277. was made by an Inundation of the Sea; in which thirty three Villages were swallowed up, and irrecoverably lost: It is otherwise called the Gulph of Emden. The South part of Groningen suffered not much less by such another raging Overflow from Groningen diep in the year 1686.

Dolomieu, A Village in Dauphine, betwixt Moresel and La Tour du Pin. Much spoken of in France in the year 1680. for a feigned Story of the killing of a Flying Dragon there, and of a Carbuncle in his head of extraordinary value.

Dombes, Tractus Dombensis, a small Territory of France, incompassed on all sides by le Bresse, except on the West, where it is bounded by the River Saone, which parts it from Baujolois. It lies between Mascon to the North, and Lyon to the South;

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and though small, is yet very fruitful; honoured with the Title of a Principality under its own Princes of the House of Bourbon. The Capital of it is Trevoux, four Miles above Lyon to the North. This Principality was given to Lewis II. Duke of Bourbon, by Edward the last Duke of the Race de Baujolois in 1400.

Domburg, a Town of good Antiquity and pleasantly situated in the Isle of Walcheren in Zealand, about two Dutch Miles from Middleburg in the same Island to the West.

Domezopoli, Domitiopolis, once a famous City of Isauria, in the Lesser Asia, and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Seleucia; now a poor Village.

Dominico, one of the Caribby Islands in North America, twenty Leagues in compass; discovered by the Spaniards on a Sunday, and thence so called: Long. 322. 00. Lat. 14. 35. North-West of Barbadoes.

S. Domingo, the principal City in the Island of Hispaniola, built by Bartholomew Columbus in 1494. on the East Bank of the River Ozama; and after in 1502. removed by Nicholas de Obando, then Governor of the Island, to the opposite Shoar. It is situate in a pleasant Country amongst rich Pastures, and has near it a safe and a large Haven; enriched with the Residence of the Governour, the Courts of Justice, an Archbishops See, many Religious Houses, and an Hospital to which belongs a Revenue of twenty thousand Ducats by the year. The Houses are neatly built, most of Stone; the Town is walled, and has a Castle at the West-end of the Peer to defend the Haven. It was much greater before Mexico was taken; but has now not above six hundred Families of Spaniards; the rest, Negroes. Sir Francis Drake in 1586. took it by force, and kept it a Month, burning a great part of the Houses, and forcing the Spaniards to redeem the rest with mony. Long. 305. 40. Lat. 14. 00.

Domitz, Domitium, a strong Town not very large, but well fortified in the Dukedom of Mecklenburgh, on the North side of the Elbe, where it receives the Elde, in the Jurisdiction of the Duke of Swerine: eight Miles above Lavenburgh to the West, and ten from Lunenburgh to the East:

Dommele, a River of Brabant, which riseth near Peer; and running North, passeth by Eyndhoven or Eindoven; then turning to the West, it falls into the River Runne, about half a Mile above Shertogenbosch, through which they both pass into the Maes. I find it by the Maps called De Dormale, but corruptly, as appeareth by L. Guicciardin; and a Town a Mile above Eindoven on this River, called Dommelen.

Domochi, Domonichus, a small Village in Thessalia, once a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Larissa. It lies South-West of Larissa and Volo, and is mentioned in Mr. Morden's Map.

Don, Tanais.

Donato, Isaurus, a River of Calabria Ʋlterior; it falls by Cerenza and Neto into the Mediterranean Sea, between Cotrone and Strongoli, one Mile beneath S. Severina.

Donaw. See Danube.

Donawert, Donaverda, Donavertia, Vertia, a City in Schwaben in Germany upon the Danube, over which it has a Bridge; it lies in the Confines of the Dukedoms of Newburgh and Bavaria, seven German Miles from Auspurgh to the North, and from Ingolstad to the West. This City was in 1420. made a Free Imperial City by Sigismund the Emperour; but in 1607. it lost this Privilege, and is now subject to the Duke of Bavaria.

Doncaster or Dimcaster, a Town in the West-Riding of Yorkshire on the River Done or Dune, called by Antoninus DANƲM: in 759. burnt with Lightning; but being by degrees rebuilt with a fair Church and Castle, and becoming a Town of good Accommodations and Trade, it has had the Honor of giving the Title of an Earl to James, late Duke of Monmouth, and some others. The River Done riseth near Denbye; and running South-East, watereth Sheafield; then turning North-East, goeth by Rotheram, where it takes in from the North another considerable River, called (as I suppose) Dar or Dare: then passing by Doncaster a little more East, it takes in the River Went; and soon after ends in the River Are at Tunbridge; and both the Are and Done enter the Ouse about three Miles further, thirteen Miles beneath York, from which great City, Doncaster stands two and twenty Miles to the South.

Doncheri, a Town in the Territory of Retelois in Champagne, towards the Frontiers of Luxembourg, upon the Meuse; betwixt Charleville and Sedan. It is a fortified Town.

Done, a River. See Doncaster.

Donetz, a vast River which riseth in Dikoia, near Borissagorda; and running Eastward, turns and falls into the Tanais, now called Donon Donitz too, of which I shall give a further account in Tanais. There is another River Donitz, which riseth more East, and falls into the Tanais more to the North, at Gilocha.

Dongo, a Town in Japan.

Donostein, Menlascus, a River of Guipiscoa in Spain, commonly called Rio Orio.

Donoy, Dinia. See Digne.

Donussa, Donysa, a small Island in the Archipelago, remarkable for nothing but the green Marble brought from thence.

Donzy, a Town of the Duchy of Nevers in France, upon a small River near the Cosne. The Capital of the Territory of Donziois.

La Dorat, oratorium, a City of France in La-Marche, fourteen Miles from Poictiers to the South-East, and Limoges to the North, upon the little River Seve.

Dorvie, a River which falls into the Taen, a River of Languedoc in France; which last falls into the Garonne, five Leagues above Agen.

Dorchester, Duronovaria, a City of England, in the County of Dorset, upon the River Frome or Fraw, about five Miles from the Sea, and upon the Via Fossa, a Causey of the Romans; many Pieces of whose Coins have been found here. It is the Capital of that Shire, yet saith Mr. Camben, neither great nor beautiful; but certainly a Roman Town, of great Antiquity, which was ruined both by the Danes and Normans: and once of a large compass, as the Tract of the Walls and Trenches yet shew. Fortified also in former times with a Castle, which upon its decaying was converted into a Monastery, and the Monastery afterwards demolished. In the year 1645. King Charles I. created Henry Lord Pierrepont Marquiss of this Place. At present it gives the Title of Countess to the Lady Catharine Sidley, advanced to that Dignity by King James II. It still sends two Burgesses to Parliament, and is adorned with three Parish Churches. § There is another old Roman Town called Dorchester (Dorcestria) in Oxfordshire, at the meeting of Thame and Isis, nine Miles South of Oxford; where the Bishoprick of Lincoln was at first settled for four hundred and sixty years before it was removed to Lincoln. This last is called by Bede, Civitas Dorcina; by Leland, Hydropolis, i. e. (as the word Dorchester it self also signifieth) the Water-Town; Dor in the Brittish Language, being

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Water. It was yielded to the Earl of Carnarvan, Aug. 2. 1643.

Dordogne, Duranius, Dordonia, one of the principal Rivers of France. It ariseth in the Province of Auvergne from two Fountains (saith Baudrand); one of which is called Dor, the other Done: running Westward, between Limosin to the North and Auvergne to the South, it takes in Chavanoy, Rue, Auze and Serre; then entering Limosin, Quercy and Perigort successively, it meets Vezere and Cozere; watereth Scarlat, Limiel and Bergerac; and so passeth to Libourne, where it receiveth from the North the Lille, which comes from Montignac; and not far from Bourdeaux, it unites with the Garronne; and they send their united Streams to the Bay of Biscay, or Sea of Gascogne, called by the Romans Mare Aquitanicum, at the Tour de Cordovan.

Dordrecht. See Dort.

Dergwyn. See Derwent.

Doria. See Doira.

Doris, an ancient Country of Achaia in Greece, now known by the Name of the Valley of Livadia, as all Achaia is now called Livadia. The Cities Lilaea, Erineus, &c. in those times stood in it. It was particularly famous for one of the four Dialects of the Greek Tongue, called the Dorick after its own Name; in which Archimedes, Theocritus and Pindar write; and which was in use in the several Countrys and Kingdoms of Lacedaemonia, Argos, Epirus, Lydia, Sicily, Rhodes and Crete. § There was another Doris in Caria in the Lesser Asia, which received its Name from this.

Dorisques, Drosica, Doriscum, a Tract in the Province of Romania (or Thrace) in Greece, mentioned in ancient History to be the place in which Xerxes numbered his vast Army in the Gross, by the quantity of the Ground they stood upon.

Dormans, a Town in Champagne in France upon the River Marne, betwixt Epernay and Chateau-Tierry; giving Name to an ancient Family of that Province.

Dorn. See Tornaw.

Dornick. See Tournay.

Dornock, Dorno, Durnodunum, a Town in Sutherland, on the East of Scotland, North of the Fyrth of Murray, and Terbat-Ness. The head City of this County, and the common Residence of the Bishop of Cathnesse, who is under the Archbishop of S. Andrews: it has also a large and a safe Haven, upon a Gulph called the Fyrth of Dornock. Long. 15. 10. Lat. 58. 10.

Doro, Oboca, a River in Ireland. It takes its Origine in the County of Dublin, and passing thence through that of Catherlogh, receives into its Bed some small Rivers, with which it falls into the Irish Sea near the Port of Arcklow.

Dorsetshire, Durotriges, is bounded on the North with Somersetshire and Wiltshire; on the West with Devonshire, and some part of Somersetshire; on the East, with Hamp•shire; and on the South, which is the longest side, by the British Sea: generally fruitful; the North parts full of Woods; from whence it descends by fruitful Hills and pleasant Meadows, intermixed one with another, to the very Shoars of the Ocean. The principal City in it is Dorchester. The principal Rivers, the Stower and the Frome. The Honourable Charles Sackvill is the Sixth of this Family, that has born the Title of Earl of Dorset: he succeeded his Father in 1667. The Beauforts and the Greys had enjoyed the Title of Marquesses of Dorset before. The last of which was Henry Grey Duke of Suffolk, beheaded in 1553.

Dorsten, Dorsta, a City of Westphalia in Germany, upon the River Lype, which falls into the Wesel at Ducat: this City is under the Elector of Cologne, well fortified; but yet it has of late been often taken and retaken. It stands ten Miles from Cologne to the North, and a little less from Munster to the South-West.

Dort, Dordracum, sometime called Dordrecht, is the principal Town in the County or Earldom of Holland; seated at the Mouth of the Maes in South-Holland, seven Leagues from Leyden to the South, five from Breda to the North, and three from Rotterdam to the South-East. This was the Seat of the Counts of Holland in ancient times, and then of great consideration. In 1421. by a violent Inundation of the Sea, the Vahal, and the Maes, (in which sixty two good Towns were irrecoverably lost) this City, which was before a Continent, was turned into an Island. There perished then one hundred thousand persons, Con tuti li loro beni, with all their Wealth and Goods: and only some little part of the Land, has been since recovered. The City is great, beautiful, rich, potent, and has many gentile Buildings, both publick and private; but the great Church which is dedicated to the Virgin Mary, and was founded in 1363. is exceedingly magnificent. In ancient times it was the Staple of the Rhinish Wines; and of the Corn that came from Guelderland, Cleves and Juliers, which contributed much to the Wealth and Populousness of it; thus far Guicciardin. Also famous for the Synod here holden against the Remonstrants or Arminians in 1618. and 1619. When Philip II. King of Spain made his Royal Entry in 1549. they thus expressed the site and glory of this Place;<blockquote>Me Mosa & Ʋvalis cum Linga Merua{que} cingunt, Aeternam Batavae Virginis ecce Fidem.</blockquote>by which is shewn, that she stands upon four Rivers (the Meuse, the Merwe, the Rhine and the Linghe) and was never taken by any Enemy.
Dortmund, Termonia, Dormania, a City in the Circle of Westphalia in the County of Mark, or Markischlandt, upon the River Emser; five German Miles from Dorsten to the South-East, and seven from Munster to the South-West. This City is small, but rich and populous, a Free and Imperial City, one of the Hanse-Towns, notwithstanding the Pretences of the Duke of Brandenburgh, who is Master of the Mark, in which it stands. There was a Council celebrated here in the year 1005. by the order of the Emperour St. Henry.

Dotecom, a small Town in the Dutchy of Guelderland in the Low-Countrys, two Miles from Doesborck, upon the Issel. It surrendred to the French in 1672. being a place of no Strength.

Dou, Doux, Dubis, and Alduadubis, a River of France: it ariseth in Switzerland, from the Mountain of Jura, near Mortay in the Franche County; and running North-East, it watereth Franchimon and Montbeliart; where it turns and runs South-West by Lisle, Clerval, Besanzon and Dole; beneath which it receiveth the Louve, a considerable River from the South; and at Verdun it ends in the Saone, Araris. It is called in the Maps Le Doule.

Douay, Duacum, a City of Flanders, upon the River Scarpe, which falls into the Schelde, about one Mile lower; in the Borders of Artois and Flanders, five Leagues from Cambray to the South-West, four from Arras to the North. At first only a Castle; which being almost ruined, Amatus a Bishop repaired it in 665. But now a great and a fortified City, and has a fine Magazin well furnished. In 1572. Philip II. King of Spain made it an University; and opened those Colleges for the English Roman Catholicks, which have rendered it more known to this Nation, than any other thing. Taken by the King of

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France in 1667. and by the Treaty of Aquisgrane confirmed to him, so that it is still in his Possession.

Doue, Dovaeum, Duaeum, a Town in the Dukedom of Anjou in France, beyond the Loyre, upon the River Layon, four Leagues from Saumur to the South-West, and seven from Angers to the South-East. Though this is now a small Village, yet it deserves to be taken notice of for an Amphitheatre built here in the times of the Roman Empire, which is still standing, and almost perfect: it contains only sixteen hundred Foot in Compass, and yet is so contrived, that above fifteen thousand persons might see their Exercises without incommoding each other: there are here also Vaults and Sewers built under the Earth, and Arched with wonderful Art and Expence. § Dove, a River in Staffordshire, upon which Tudbury stands.

Dover, Dorovernum, Darvernum, DƲBRIS, is a very ancient strong Town, seated in the middle of the Eastern part or Shoar of Kent, upon high Cliffs; twelve Miles from Canterbury to the South-East, and fifty five from London, and seven Leagues distant by Sea from Calais in France. That part of the Town next the Sea had anciently a Wall, some of which is still standing. On the top of a rugged high Cliff or Rock, is a stately and very strong Castle, which may be supposed to have been built by the Romans: however this place was certainly a Station of theirs, and has ever since been reputed one of the Keys of England, at all times carefully guarded: besides it is one of the Cinque-Ports, and in times past was to set out to the Wars one and twenty Ships. Therefore Philip King of France said, that Lewis his Son (when called in hither against King John by the Barons) had not one foot of Land in England, if he were not Master of Dover-Castle. It had formerly seven Parish Churches, now two; and it is now (as heretofore) most frequented upon the account of its being the shortest passage into France. The Honorable Henry Lord Jarmin was created Baron of Dover in the first year of King James II. But before in Anno 1627. Henry Carey, Viscount Rochford and Baron Hunsden, enjoyed the Title from King Charles I. of Earl of Dover.

Dour or Adour, Aturus, a River of Aquitaine, the Southern part of France, or rather three Rivers called by the same Name: the principal of these riseth in Bigorre, out of the Pyrenean Hills, near Baretge; and running North, watereth Tarbe; then turning Westward, it passeth on the North of Aire, St. Sever, and Dax or Acqs; so falleth into the Bay of Biscay at Bayonne, having entertained Gaue de Oleron, Gaue de Pau, and several other Rivers. The Outlet was anciently at le Bocau, six Leagues beneath Bayonne; but by the Industry of Lewis de Foix, an excellent Ingineer and Architect of France, in 1579. its course was altered, as Thuanus saith. The same Gentleman was the Contriver of the Palace in Spain, and the Light-House at the Mouth of the Garronne, called Tour de Cordovan.

Dourdan a small Town in the District of Hurepois in the Isle of France, upon the River Orge, towards the Frontiers of la Beauce, thirteen Leagues from Paris, and two or three from Estampes. The Huguenots took and almost ruined it in the years 1562, 1567. It had been often mortgaged, sold, and remitted from one to another, before Lewis XIII. redeemed and reunited it to the Crown in 1610.

Dourlens, Doulendium, a Town in Picardy in France, very strongly fortified; on the Borders of Artois, upon the River Asselane, which falls into the British Sea between Crotoy and Estaple; six Leagues from Amiens to the North, and seven from Arras to the South. This Town did heretofore belong to the Earls of Pontieu, and became united to the Crown of France in 1559.

Doustre, Dostra, a River of France in the Vicomte de Turene, in Limosin.

Le Doux. See Dou.

Douzi, Duziacum, Duodeciacum, a Castle in the Diocese of Rheims in France, upon the River Cher, betwixt Ivoy and Sedan. Remarkable for two Councils celebrated at it in the years 871. 874. The first of which deposed and imprisoned Hin•mar Bishop of Laon (for adhering to the Papal Interest contrary to the Usage and Liberties of the Gallican Church), who some time after had his Eys put out.

Dowglass, a Castle in Cuysdale, in the middle of the Southern part of Scotland, which takes its Name from the River Dowglass, as doth also the Dale or Valley in which it stands. This Castle is seated about six Scotch Miles West of Lanrick, where Dowglass River unites with the Cluyd; fifteen from Glasguo to the South, and thirty five from Edinburgh to the South-West. It is only memorable for its Earls sometimes so very powerful, they were a terror to the Kings of Scotland themselves; there being at one time six Earls of this Family; that is, Dowglas, Angus, Ormond, Wigton, Murray and Morton, as Mr. Cambden reckons them. § There is a Castle of this Name in the Isle of Man.

Down, Dunum, a City and Bishoprick in the Province of Ʋlster in Ireland, the Bishop of which is under the Archbishop of Armagh. The Bishoprick of Connor has been united to it ever since 1442. The City stands upon the Irish Sea, upon a Peninsula made by the Sea and the Lake of Cone, which affords it an excellent Haven, twenty Miles from Dormore to the East, thirty two from Carrick fergus to the South. The County of Down is bounded on the East by the Irish Sea; on the North by the County of Antrim, and the Lake of Neaugh; on the West by Armagh; and on the South by the County of Louth, from which it is severed by the River Newry. This County, saith Mr. Cambden, is generally very fruitful, where it is not overspread with Woods, and has several safe Harbors upon the Seas Down is one of the most ancient Towns in Ireland; made more famous by keeping the Bones of S. Patrick, S. Bridget and S. Columbus, than by the mention which Ptolomy has made of it, by the Name of Dunum; though not in its right place.

Downham, a Market Town in the County of Norfolk, in the Hundred of Clackcloss, upon the River Ouse, over which it hath a Bridge.

Downton or Duncton, a Market Town in Wiltshire; the Capital of its Hundred, situated upon the Salisbury Avon. It returns two Burgesses to the Parliament.

Drac, Dracus, a River in the Dauphinate in France, which riseth about four Leagues North of Embrun; and running Northward falls into the Isere at Grenoble; bringing with it another small River which comes from La Grace, and falls into the Drac at Viville, four Miles South of Grenoble.

Draco or Drago, Acragas or Agragas, a River of Sicily; called Biagio, di Gergenti, di Naro also; and falls into the African Sea, three Miles beneath Gergentum to the East, thirty five West of Terra Nova.

Dragone, Draco, a small River in Campagnia in Italy, which riseth in Mount Vesuvius; and washing the City of Nocera, falleth into Sarno, a River which divideth the Principatus Citerior, from the Terra di Lavoro; and endeth in the Bay of Naples, eleven Miles South of Naples.

Dragonara, once a Bishops See, now a small Village, 7 Miles from S. Severina in Naples, to the West.

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Dracone. See Orontes.

Dragonera, Colubraria, or Moncolibre, a small desert Rock or Island between Majorca and Valentia, which has its Names from the Snakes and Serpents that only inhabit it.

Draguignan, Draguinianum, Dracenae, one of the best situated Towns in Provence in France, in the Diocese of Frejus; adorned with a Collegiate Church, and divers Religious Houses. Its Arms are observable; being a Dragon with this Motto, Alios nutrio, meos devoro.

Drangiana regio, an ancient Province of the Kingdom of Persia, in the most Eastern part thereof, now called Sigistan or Sitsistan. Its principal Cities were Ariaspe and Propthasia.

Dravaniza. See the Vistula.

The Drave or Dravus, called by the Germans Draw and Trave, by the Hungarians Trab, has its Rise from the Alps in Tyrol: and running Eastward through Carinthia and Stiria, entereth Hungaria at Serinwar, where it receiveth the Muer out of Stiria, and another from the Lake of Balatan in Hungary; so dividing the Lower Hungary from Sclavonia, it passeth to the Bridge of Esseck; where a little lower it falleth into the Danube by two Mouths. Dr. Brown saith, it ariseth in Saltzburglant, and falls into the Danube near Erdoed, the old Tentobrigum, after it hath passed from its Head, about three hundred Miles. About its entrance into Hungary, it receiveth the Mur, and far above this I found it a considerable River, having passed it between Clagenfort and Mount Leubell in Carinthia by two long Wooden Bridges, and an Island in the middle between them

Dravenna. See Trave.

Draun, Drachonis, Duras, a River and Town of Austria; the River falls into the Danube from the South a little beneath Lintz, twenty six Miles West of Vienna; and brings with it several other smaller Rivers.

Draunsee, a Lake out of which this River riseth.

Drausen, a Lake in Prussia in Poland, near Elbing and Dantzick, made by the Vistula.

Draw. See the Drave.

Drayton, a Market Town in the County of Salop in the Hundred of North Bradford upon the River Terne, where it divides this County from Staffordshire. The Houses of York and Lancaster fought a Battel here.

Drazzi. See Durazzo.

Drente, Drentia, one of the three parts of Over-Yssel, a Province of the Ʋnited States of Holland, lying Northward, and almost all covered with Marshes: the chief Town of which is Coevorden or Coeworden. The French possessed themselves of this Territory in 1672. and two years after abandoned it to the Hollanders.

Dresden or Dresen, Dresda, the principal Town of Misnia in the Ʋpper Saxony, seated on both sides of the Elbe, five Miles from the Borders of Bohemia, and three above Meissen. This City being in a pleasant and delightful place, was in 800. fortified with Walls and Dikes against the Bohemians by Charles the Great. The succeeding Princes have not been less careful of it. So that it is for the strength and magnificence of the Buildings, the best Town in Misnia. The Elbe is here covered with a wonderful Bridge of Stone. The Electors of Saxony have also made this City the place of their Residence, and built here a strong Castle, and a noble Magazine.

Dreux, Drocum, Durocasses, Druidensis Pagus, a Town in the Territory of Blasois in Normandy upon the River Blaise, sixteen Miles from Paris to the West. It is seated at the foot of an Hill; a very ancient City and Earldom, having an old decaying Castle. Here in 1562. was a sharp Fight between the Hugonots and the Roman Catholicks, in which the Prince of Conde was taken, and nine thousand men of both sides slain. In 1593. Henry le Grand besieged and took this Town in eighteen days. The ancient Druides are supposed to have dwelt in it.

Drillae, an ancient people of Cappadocia in the Lesser Asia, towards the Euxine Sea, betwixt Trebisonda and Cerasus in Xenophon's relation, or Colchos in Arian's. They had the reputation of good Soldiers.

Drillo, Achates, a River of Sicily; it falls into the African Sea, six Miles East of Terra Nova; and has a Town upon it, called by the same Name.

Drinawar. See Drino.

Drino, a River of Servia, which riseth from the Mountains, that part Servia from Albania; and running Northward from Novomont by Prisen, a little above Drinawahr, (Drinopolis a Town seated in an Island made by this River) it receiveth the Lim, and passeth into the Save, five German Miles above Al•, the old Sirmium. § Drino Bianco, the White Drin, is a River of Albania, which ariseth from the same Mountains with the former, but more East, near Scopia or Ʋschup in Servia; and running Westward, takes in Drino Niero, the Black Drin, which ariseth from two Lakes in Albania; being thus united with the former, and two others from the North, they pass Alessio, and fall into the Bay of Drin (Sinus Drinolius) over against Manfredona in Italy.

Drista, Silistria, the principal City in Bulgaria.

Drivasto, Triastum, Drivastum, an Episcopal City of Albania, upon the Lake of Scutari, under the Turk. This See was a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Antivari.

Droan or Dron, Drahonas, a River in the Bishoprick of Treves.

Drobafaf, Chromium, the Scythian or Frozen Sea, North-East of Russia, and Nova Zemla.

Drogheda, a City in the County of Louth, in the Province of Leinster in Ireland, called by the Irish Drogadagh and Treda; upon the River Boyne, twenty two Miles North of Dublin. It has an excellent and safe Haven: in Mr. Cambden's time well peopled, and much frequented. This Town falling into the hands of the Duke of Ormond in 1649. and stormed soon after by Oliver Cromwell September 11. of the same year; he put all the Garrison (which was about four thousand) to the Sword; and as to the Inhabitants, spared neither Sex, Age, Poor or Rich, but intirely ruined all before him; not regarding the good Service this City had done in the beginning of the War, by preserving the Reliques of the English Nation from the cruelty and rage of the Rebellious Irish. Sir Arthur Aston, the Governour, perished with the Garrison. It being the first place the Tyrant took in Ireland, this cruelty was intended to strike a terror into the others, that he might with the greater facility reduce the Kingdom under his Dominion; and accordingly he had incredible success in all his future attempts. It surrendred to King William in two days after the Fight at the Boyne.

Droinholm, a Royal House of Pleasure of the Kings of Sweden, one League from Stockholm.

Droitwich, a Borough Town in Worcestershire in the Hundred of Halfshire, upon the Banks of the Salwarp. It returns two Members to the House of Commons, and is a noted place for its Salt-pits.

La Drome, Druna, Druma, a River which ariseth in the Confines of Gapencois in Dauphine in France, and having watered Die and Crest, falls into the Rhosne, three Leagues below Valence.

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Dronfield, a Market Town in Derbyshire in the hundred of Scarsdale.

Drontheim, or Druntheim, Nidrosia, called also Trondhem, was heretofore the Capital of the Kingdom of Norway; made an Archbishops See, and a Metropolis by Pope Eugenius III. It stands on the Western Shoars of Norway, seventy five German Miles from Bergen to the North, and one hundred and ten from Stock-Holm to the North-West, in Long. 28. 02. Lat. 64. 10. Its Latin name comes from the River Nider, upon which it stands. This City is now a very great Mart, and has a large and a safe Harbour, yet lies open without any Fortifications, being in this, more like a great Village than a City: Heretofore much greater; the many fires which have happened in it have lessened it; and besides the Church of S. Olao, which was once the most beautiful Church in all the North, is now buried in its Ashes: it has also a Castle, taken by the Swedes and granted them by a Treaty in 1658. but in 1660. the Danes again recovered it. The Country about, is called the Government or Prefecture of Drontheim; granted to the Swedes with the City, but since recovered with it too. This is the largest Prefecture in Norway, reaching from North to South five hundred Miles, and from West to East one hundred.

Droses, Jernus, a River of Conaught, in the County of Clare, which falls into the Bay of Shannon at Dinghanbeg, Dinga, East of Clare two Miles.

Le Drot, Drotius, a River in Aquitaine in France, which ariseth at Montpasier, ten Miles North-West of Cahors; and running West falls into the Garrone, over against Bazas, nine Miles East of Bourdeaux.

Druidae, Druides, the Priests of the antient Gauls, compared by Laertius with the Magi, Gymnosophistae, and Philosophers, of Persia, India and Greece, for their pretensions to Learning and Piety and Authority over the people: of whose Superstitions they were the Authors, as of their affairs, publick or private, the Arbitrators. The Eugabes of Ammianus Marcellinus, the Saronides of Di•d. Siculus, and the Semnotheoi of others, were several Orders of these Priests, according as they applyed themselves either to the services of the Altar, or to the Contemplation of the Works of Nature. In the former, they made Sacrifices of Men, till the Emperors Angustus, Tiberius and Claudius, by repeated Interdicts at last broke them of that barbarity. Their other they delivered to the publick in thousands of Verses unwritten, only committed to Memory, and passing the course of Ages by Tradition. Their name of Druides some derive from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, because of a particular esteem they had for an Oak. Some from Deru in the Celtick Language, of the same signification. They had a Chief Priest over them, in the nature of a Soveraign Pontiff. And we read, the Gauls were so possessed by them with the belief of the immortality of the soul, that they would lend mony in this world upon condition to be paid in the next. Valer. Max. The Town Dreux in Normandy is supposed to be so called from these Druides.

Drummore, Drummoria, a City in the County of Lowth in the Province of Ʋlster in Ireland, upon the River Lagang; with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Armagh.

Druses, Druzes, Drusi, a people living in Grots and Caverns about the Mountain Libanus in Asia, and onwards, as far as to the Dead Sea: following in Religion the Institutions of one Isman or Ismael, a Prophet pretended, which allow them to marry with their own Children, or Sisters, or Brothers, and to live in perfect liberty from all such like precepts and ties, as are in use amongst the Jews, Christians; and Mahometans. They Traffick with the French Merchants for Silks: and say, they are descended from the French that went to the Conquest of the Holy Land with Godfrey of Bouillon; being after the loss of Jerusalem in 1187. forced for safety to retire hither, under the command of one of the House of Dreux.

Drut, Dara, a River of Carmania in Persia. It falls into the Persian Gulph over against the City of Ormus, having passed between Fafa and Chabon.

Duare, a strong Fortress of Dalmatia, upon a Hill, not far from Almissa. Taken from the Turks by the Venetians in 1646. and soon after lost again. In 1652. retaken and demolished. Whereupon the Turks, to hinder the Incursions of the Morlaques out of Croatia, rebuilt it: yet in 1684. the Morlaques forced it and there is now a Venetian Garrison in it.

Dublin, Dublinum; in Irish, Balacleigh, the Capital City of the Kingdom of Ireland in the Province of Leinster, in a County of the same Name, upon the River Leffy, which is the noblest River in all this Kingdom, and maketh a Capacious Haven here, at about twenty Leagues distance from Holyhead in Wales. This City is called EBLANA by Ptolemy. When or by whom it was first built, is not known; but old it must needs be, by its being mentioned by him. Saxo Grammaticus acquaints us, how much it suffered by the Danes; it was afterwards under Edgar King of England, and Harald Harfager King of Norway. In the year 1151. P. Eugenius III. made it an Archbishops See, with the Title and Jurisdiction of a Primacy. Henry II. having Conquered Ireland, sent hither from Bristol a Colony: whereby it began to Flourish more and more, and became the Capital of the Kingdom, the Seat of the Lieutenant, the Courts of Justice, and their Parliaments: strengthened with a Castle on the East side, built by Henry Loundres a Bishop in 1220. and near it there was a Royal Palace built by Henry II. King of England. It has a College for Students, which is an University of it self, founded by Q. Elizabeth in in 1591. This was attempted before by Alexander Bicknor Archbishop of Dublin, who in 1320. obtained from the Pope a Bull for it; but the troublesome times that followed, defeated that good design then; at the North Gate is a Bridge of hewen Stone, built by King John. It has a Cathedral of great antiquity, Dedicated to S. Patrick, the Apostle of the Irish Nation, and built at several times; in which are a Dean, two Archdeacons, and twenty two Prebendaries: there is another fair Collegiate Church in the City, called Christs Church, built in 1012. and about thirteen Parochial ones. In more ancient times this City was Governed by a Provost; but in 1409. Henry IV. granted them License to choose every year a Mayor, and two Bailiffs, changed into Sheriffs by Edward IV. thus far Cambden. King Charles II. honored them with a Lord Mayor. This City escaping the fury of the Massacre, was besieged by the Parliament Forces; and by the Duke of Ormond, by the Kings Order, delivered to the English, rather than the Irish Rebels; for they were now united against their King: and when afterwards June 21. 1649. he indeavoured to recover it, his Army was broken by a Sally, and totally defeated; and this City continued in their Hands till 1660. It has been extraordinarily enlarged in its Buildings in the twenty years last past.

The County of Dublin is bounded on the East by the Irish Sea; on the West with the County of Kildare; on the South by the little Territories of O▪ Tooles, and O. Brians; on the North by the County

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of Meath, and a small River called Nanny. The Soil is fruitful, as to every thing but Wood; so that they use Sea-Coal, and Turf for their Fewel. It is well Inhabited, Rich, full of excellent Sea-Port Towns.

Ducey, a Town of Normandy upon the River Ardee, in the Diocese of Auranches.

Ducy, a Town of Normandy betwixt Caen and S. Lo, in the Diocese of Bayeux.

Duderstad, Duderstadium, a Town in the Dukedom of Brunswick, upon the River Wipper, eight Miles from Cassel to the North-East. This Town, though in the Duchy of Thuringia, has belonged to the Elector of Mentz ever since 1365; and is the Capital of the Territory of Eichfeld.

Dudley, a Market Town in Worcestershire, in the hundred of Halfshire.

Duero, or Douro, Durius, Doria, a River of Spain, called Douro by the Portuguese: one of the greatest Rivers in that Kingdom, most frequently mentioned by ancient Greek and Latin Writers. The Head of it is in Old Castile, from Mount Idubeda, about five Miles South of Tarragona; running South, it watereth Soria, and Almasun; there bending West, it passeth by Osina, Aranda de Duero, and Rosa; beneath which last it takes in Duratonio, or Stranda de Duero, and Piznerga from the North; which with several others fall into the Duero, two Miles beneath Valladolid; then passing by Toro and Camora, and taking in, from the North, Esla, (which brings the Orbego), so to Miranda de Duero, it entertains Tormes from Salamanca; soon after which it entereth Portugal, a little above Olivenca to the South, and Eluas to the North; where the Rivers that fall into it on both sides, are so small, and many, that it is not worth the mentioning them: turning Westward, this great River passeth by Lemego on the South, to Porta on the North, where he pays his last Tribute to the Atlantick Ocean; and after a Course of ninety Leagues from his rise, as his last benefit, he forms a large, deep, and safe Harbour at Porta. Silius Italicus mentions it in the number of the Golden sanded Rivers.

Duerstede, Batavodurum, Durostadium, a Town in Guelderland, upon the Rhine commonly called VVyck; three German Miles from Ʋtrecht to the South East. It belongs now to the Province of Ʋtrecht, and is a part of the Dominions of the United Provinces.

Duesme, a Town in the Dukedom of Burgundy in France, upon the River Seine. It gives Name to the Territory of Duesmois, lying towards the Source of the same River.

Duisbourgh, Duisburgum, Duysburgh, is a small City in the Dukedom of Cleves; upon the River Roer, which a little lower falls into the Rhine; eight Miles from Cologne North, and three from VVesel South. There was a Council held here in 927. Heretofore an Imperial Free City; but now under the Dominion of the Elector of Brandenburgh, who Octob. 14. 1655. opened here an University. Gerardus Mercator the great Geographer of his time died here in 1594.

Dulcigno, Dolcigno, Olchinum, Olcinum, Ʋlcinum, a City of Albania, which is a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Antivari; with a safe Port on the Venetian Gulph, between Budoa to the North, and Lodrin to the South; twenty four French Miles from Scutari to the West. This City is under the Dominion of the Turks, and reduced to a mean Condition.

Dulcinde, a Part of Carmania Deserta, upon the Entrance of the Persian Gulph; one hundred twenty five German Miles South of Ormus. There is a City, River, and Province of this Name.

Dulverton, a Market-Town in Somersetshire in the Hundred of VVilliton, upon the River Ex.

Dummer-Zee, Dummeria, a great Lake in Germany, between Mounster to the West, Osnaburgh to the South, and Diepholt to the North. The River Hunt runs through it, which falls into the VVesel a little below Bremen.

Dun, or Done, a River of Yorkshire. See Doncaster. § A Town also in the Dukedom of Barrois in Lorrain in France, near the Meuse, betwixt Stenay and Damvilliers. § Another in the Province of la Marche.

Duna. See Dwina.

Dunawert. See Donawert.

Dunbar, Dumbarum, or the Castle of Bar, is a Town in the County of Lothain in Scotland, upon the Eastern Shoars; twenty Scotch Miles North of Berwick, and the same distance East of Edinburgh. Heretofore it had a Castle on a Hill; as it has still a Haven to the Sea. But this Town is chiefly memorable for a Defeat given to the Covenanters of Scotland, by Oliver Cromwel, Septemb. 23. 1650. when an End was put to that Perjurious, Rebellious, Bloody Faction, who here began the Payment of that Debt they owed to the Divine Justice, for having sold the best and most Holy of all Princes, (Charles the Martyr,) to the English Rebels. For from that Day, Presbytery has been in Bondage, and truckled under the Weight of that horrid Crime; and may she never more lift up her Head to embroil Kingdoms, and persecute the Church.

Dunblane, Dumblanum, a City of Scotland, in the County of Menteith, which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of S. Andrews. It stands on the River Teith, which a little beneath this and Sterling, falls into the Fyrth of Edinburgh; six Miles North of Sterling, and thirty six West of Edinburgh.

Dunbritoun, Britannodunum, Castrum Britonum, a Town in the County of Lenox in Scotland, upon a Fyrth or Bay of the same Name, with a strong Castle; where the River Levin falls into the Fyrth; eight Miles from Glasco to the North-West: Also called Dunbarton; because the Britans held it the longest of any Town in Scotland, against the Picts and Scots. The strongest of all the Castles in Scotland, by Nature; being built on a high, craggy, double-headed Rock, both fortified; and between these two it hath only one Passage on the North, hardly passable without Labour and difficulty by a single Person: on the West of it lies the Levin, on the South the Cluyd, on the East a boggy Marsh, which at every Tide is covered with Water. The Britans made this good against the Scots, till in the Year 756. Eadbert King of Northumberland, and Oeng King of the Picts, forced it to surrender on a Composition. But it was taken on easier Terms, Jan. 5. 1651. by the English Rebels; Sir Charles Erskin surrendering it to them.

Dunbritoun Fyrth, a great Bay in the South-West part of Scotland, upon the Irish Seas, so called from this Castle: it begins at Dunskay, and on the South has Galloway, Carrick, Kile, and Cunningham; on the North Menteith, Lenox, Argile, Kilmore, and Cantry: (besides several smaller,) it has in it the Island of Arran: many of the biggest Rivers of Scotland fall into it; just against it to the West, it has the North-East parts of Ireland, at a small distance; which are extream fruitful, and peopled by Scots for the most part: there are many safe Havens, and populous Towns upon it; and lastly it lies convenient for Trade with the Western Plantations, and all the Southern World.

Dundalk, Dunkeranum, a small City in the Province of Ʋlster, in Ireland, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Armagh, twenty six Miles from Armagh to the East, in the County of Louth, and sixteen North from Drogheda; surprised by the Rebels in 1641. Retaken the same year by Sir Henry Tichburn by Storm, (after their Forces had been beaten off from the Siege of Drogheda, upon Sir Simon Harcourts arrival with supplies of Men and Mony) but in 1649. they got it again. The Duke of Schomberg continued with his Army here from Sept. 12. 1689, to Novemb. 8. that he retired into Winter Quarters. There was a Battel in the mean time presented by King James II; but that General thought not fit to accept it. For he strengthned himself in his Trenches, the more his Army was weakned by the Mortality; which in many Circumstances appeared so strange, as not to find in History its parallel; since an Angel destroyed so many thousand in the Camp of Sennacherib.

Dundee, or Dundy, Alectum, Deidonium Allectum, a City in the North of Scotland, in the County of Angus, upon the North side of the Fyrth of Tay, which is a frequented Harbour, and of great safety, ten Miles North of S. Andrews. This is a very strong Town; and in 1651. when almost all Scotland had yielded after the defeat of Dunbar, presumed still to hold out: General Monk, afterwards Duke of Albemarle, coming up and summoning it, upon their refusal to yield, took it by Storm September 1. of that year, though there were in it eight hundred Soldiers, besides Inhabitants: He put all in Arms to the Sword; and Plundred the Town of its Wealth; which amounted in Silver, Gold, and rich Goods, to a vast summ of mony; being then the richest Town in Scotland, and made yet richer by the Neighbourhood, who sent what ever they had that was valuable thither, as to a place of security. Sixty Sail of Ships, which lay then in the Harbour, yielded too: after which Aberdeen, and S. Andrews, which only remained to the Covenanters, yielded upon the first Summons.

Dunfermeling, Dunfirmeling, is a Town on the North Shoar of the Fyrth of Edinb•row, seventeen Miles from it to the North-West. Once a famous Monastery, the building and the burial place of Malcolm, King of the Scots; afterwards advanced to an Earldom in the behalf of Sir Alexander Seton, who being a wise and a great Statesman, was raised by K. James I. from Baron of Tiv•, to be Earl of Dunfermeling, and Lord Chancellor of Scotland. But much more famous for the birth of Charles I. (the blessed Martyr for the English Church and Nation) who was born here November 19. 1600.

Dunfreis, Dunfreia, a Town in the County of Nithesdale in the South of Scotland, upon the River Nith or Nid, near Solway Fyrth.

Dungall, dungalia, a Sea-Port-Town and Castle, and a County in the North-West part of Ireland, in the Province of Ʋlster, on the South side of the River Esk. The County of Dungall has the Ocean on the West; Lagh Gormely, on the South; and Tome Lagh on the North; a Barbarous and Wild place, as Mr. Cambden describes it: See Tirconnel.

Dungannon, Dunganum, the chief Town of the Ʋpper Tyrone, in the Province of Ʋlster in Ireland, near Armagh.

Dungarvan, a strong well fortified Town, with a Castle, and Haven, situate on the Southern Shoar of Ireland, in the County of Waterford, in the Province of Mounster, thirteen Miles from Waterford to the West. First granted by Henry VI. to Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury; and afterwards, for convenience, annexed to the Crown of England by Act of Parliament.

Dungesby Head, Veruvium Promontorium, the most Northern Cape of all Scotland, which lies in 59. deg. of Latitude; whereas Novantum, the Mule of Galloway, the most Southern, lies in 55. 10.

Dunkeld, or Dunkelden, Castrum Caledonium, Dulcheldinum, a City on the Tau, in the County of Perth, ten Miles North of Perth; which was adorned by King David of Scotland, with a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of S. Andrews; supposed to have been the City of the ancient Caledonians.

Dunkeran, Donequine, or Doneyne, Juernis, a small Town and Port upon the Gulph of the River Maine, in the County of Desmond in Mounster, in Ireland.

Dunkirk, Dunquerque, Dunquerca, called by the Flemmings, Duynskerke; and by the Italians and Spaniards, Doncherca; is a large, strong, well fortified Town, and Sea-Port in Flanders, which has a very noble and strong Castle, lately built: 3 Leagues from Graveline, 5 from Newport, and 6 from Calais. This Town was first fortified by Charles V. It stands on the River Colme, upon the Shoars of the German Ocean. Taken by the French in 1646. but during their Civil Wars, the Spaniards recovered it again. In 1658. it was retaken by the English and French united; chiefly by the valor of the English. Don John of Austria, and all the Spanish Forces, who came to relieve it, being totally routed and defeated, the Town was surrendred to the French; but by them according to Articles put into the Hands of the English: and so it continued till 1662. when it was sold to the French. The present King of France, Lewis XIV. has bestowed incredible cost in fortifying it, in inlarging and securing the Haven by Mounds and Forts.

Dun-le-Roy, Regiodunum, a Town in Berry, in France, upon the River Auronne: five Miles from Bourges to the South, and nine from la Charite to the South-West. § Another in the Dukedom of Burgundy near Beaujolois.

Dunmour, or Dunmore, a Market Town in the County of Essex. The Capital of its Hundred.

Dunois, a Territory within the Province of Beauce in France; the Capital whereof is Chateau Dun. It was advanced to the dignity of a Peerdom and Dukedom in 1525.

Dunnington, a Market Town in Lincolnshire in the Hundred of Kirton, and the Division of Holland: situated in a waterish Flat.

Dunnington-Castle, a Market Town in Leicestershire, in the Hundred of Goscote: honoured with a noble Seat belonging to the Earl of Huntingdon.

Dunstable, a Market Town in Bedfordshire, in the Hundred of Manshead, upon a Chalky dry Hill. Built by K. Henry I. out of the ruins of the ancient Magsovinium. K. Edward I. caused a noble Column or Cross to be here erected in memory of Eleanor his Queen, whose Corps rested in this place in their journey from Lincolnshire to Westminster Abbey.

Dunstaburge, Bebba, a Castle in Northumberland, on the Sea Shoar, eighteen Miles South of Berwick, and twenty five North of Newcastle; which belongs to the Duchy of Lancaster: Bede reports that this Castle was taken, and burnt by Penda, King of the Mercians. Roger Hoveden thus describes it; Bebba is a strong City, not very great, but containing two or three fields; having one hollow entrance into it, and that raised on high by Stairs after a wonderful manner; on the pitch of an Hill is a very fair Church; and Westward on the top, a pleasant clear Fountain, adorned with excellent Workmanship. In our times (saith Mr. Cambden) it is rather a Castle, than a Town, yet so big as that it might contain a small City; nor was it esteemed otherwise, when King William Rufus besieged the Rebellious Moubray, who lurked in it. In the Wars between the House of Lancaster and York, it was ruined again. And last of all, the Winds and Seas have exercised their rage upon it, endeavouring to level it, by driving up the Sea Sand into the hollow parts, and fetching down its once haughty Battlements.

Dunstafag, Evonium, a small ruined City in the West of Scotland, in the County of Lorne; which has an Haven over against the Island of Maly, fifty five Miles from Dunblane to the West. This was the Seat of the ancient Kings of the Picts, but now a Village, and yet perhaps in a better state, than when it was a Royal City.

Dunster, a Market Town in Somersetshire in the Hundred of Scarhampton, by the Sea side.

Dunwich, an ancient Corporation, once a potent City, on the Coast of Suffolk. Foelix the Burgundian, who established the East Angles (then wavering) in the Christian Faith, in 630. placed here a Bishops See; which continued till Bisus the fourth Bishop after him removed to North Elmham; leaving a suffragan Bishop only at Dunwich; in which times it was very populous, and so strong, that it curbed Robert Earl of Leicester, in his Rebellion against his Prince. In the Reign of Henry II. it had a Mint: William of Newbery calls it Vicus insignis, variis opibus refertus, a Town of good note, well stored with all sorts of Riches. But it is now a poor small Corporation, which bating the honor of sending two Burgesses to the Parliament, has nothing to Consolate it self withal. Time, the Sea, and Men as bad as either, have by degrees ruined not only the Town, but the greatest part of the ground it stood upon; and instead of its ancient variety of Riches, there is now an uniform Poverty, and desolation.

Durance, Druentius, Durantius, a very rapid River in Provence in France, which infesteth the Country with frequent Inundations. It ariseth from Mount Genebra, one of the Cottian Alpes, not far from Pignerol in Piedmont; or as others, in the Dauphinate near Brianzon; and passing on, watereth Embrun, and Gap; and entring Provence, takes in the Hubaye, the Buech, the Suse; then passing Sisteron, and Manosque, it entertains the Verdon; and a little beneath Cavaillon and Avignon, unites with the Rhosne. It will neither indure Boats nor Bridges, by reason of its great rapidity and swiftness, especially beneath Sisteron.

Durango, Durangum, a City of North America, in the Province of New Biscay; but near the Confines of New Spain, towards the Zacatecas; built at the foot of an Hill; which was made a Bishoprick by the Archbishop of Mexico, in 1620. §. There is a small Town of this name also in the Principality of Biscay in the Kingdom of Old Spain.

Duren, Dura, Duria, Marcodurum, a City in the Dukedom of Juliers in Germany, upon the River Roer, not two Miles from Gulick to the South, and five from Cologne to the West. This was the ancient Marcodurum, in the opinion of Cluverius, and all the other Geographers; made a Free Imperial City by Charles IV. Emperor of Germany. Charles V. being incensed against John Duke of Cleves, (who had married Mary, the Daughter of William▪ the last Duke of Juliers; and Leagued▪ with the French King Francis I. against him) in 1545. entred the Dukedom of Juliers, and after a sharp Siege took this City and burnt it: it has been reduced into subjection again, and is now under the Duke of Newbourg, by the Treaty of Faisans in 1659. Three Councils were Celebrated here in the years 761. 775. 779.

Durgat, Phrygia, a part of Anatolia or Asia the Less.

Durham, Dunehelmum, a City and County Palatine in the North of England. The City is seated upon the River Ware, in a Peninsula made by this River, which washeth three sides of it, and gives passage into it by three Bridges. The ground of it is a natural Hill, which contributes no less than the River to the strength and pleasantness of its situation: also secured by a Wall, and a Castle in the midst of it; the Cathedral (being a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of York) is towards the South side of the City, and of great beauty. This City is yet of no great Antiquity, being built or rather begun by the Monks of Dindisfarn, in 995. before which it was a Wood, and then not cleared without difficulty. In the times of William the Conqueror it was imployed by the Saxons, as a place of Refuge against him; but they were soon forced to betake themselves to Scotland for their greater security. VVilliam the Conqueror being possessed of it, built the Castle for a Curb to these Northern parts, and a security against the Scots. The present Cathedral was began about the same time by VVilliam de Careleph then Bishop of Durham, and finished by his Successor. This City gave great Protection to the English in 1346, when David Bruce, King of Scotland, harrassed the Nothern parts, whilst Edward III. besieged Calais: but the said Bruce was soon after overthrown in Battel, and taken Prisoner at Nevills Cross. In the times of Edward VI. the Bishoprick was dissolved by Act of Parliament, and given to that Prince; but Q. Mary dissolved that Statute, and restored the Bishoprick with all its Franchises. In 1640. in the beginning of the Rebellion, it fell after Newbury Fight into the hands of the Scots; and being left by them the year following, it followed the fate of the War, as the Parties prevailed upon each other. Long. 22. 00. Lat. 54. 57.

The County or Bishoprick of Durham, is bounded on the North and West by the River Derwent, which separates it from Northumberland; on the South by the River Tees, which parts it from Westmorland West, and York to the South; and on the East it has the Sea. The West is full of Mines of Iron; the Valleys are fruitful here also, and on the Eastern side the Country is very fruitful of Grass, Corn and Sea-Coal. Though all the English Kings were liberal to this Church upon the account of S. Cuthbert; yet Guthrun the Dane was the first that granted this Bishoprick o• County to the Church of Durham; which was afterward confirmed by Canutus, another Danish Prince, and by William the Conqueror; ever since which time, it has been accounted a County Palatine. Dr. Nathaniel Crew, the present Bishop of this Diocese, (being the LXX. in number from S. Aidanus) was translated from Oxford hither in the year 1674.

Duringen. See Thuringia.

Durlach, or Dourlach, Durlachum, Budoris, a City in the Marquisate of Baden in Schwaben in Germany, scarce two Miles from the Rhine, to the East, and four from Baden. This is the Capital of the Marquisate of Durlach, and the lower part of the Marquisate of Baden, which bounds it on the South; the Rhine lies on the West; the Dukedom of Wirtemberg on the East; and the Palatinate of the Rhine on the North. It is subject to its Marquess of the House of Baden, who has some other Territories and Honors in these Parts.

Durseley, a Market Town in Gloucestershire in the Hundred of Wotton.

Dusseldorp, Dusseldorpium, the chief Town of the Dutchy of Bergh upon the Rhine, five Miles beneath Cologne. This Town was fortified against the Duke of Brandenburg by the Duke of Newburg in 1613. who has since had his Residence here.

Duvelandt, the same with Beveland.

Duysburg. See Duisburg.

Dyfy. See Dee, a River in VVales.

Dynas-Mouthwye, a Market Town in the County of Merioneth in VVales. The Capital of its Hundred.

Dyrne. See Tyrnaw.

=== EA. (Book e) ===
EAdmont or Eamont, a River in the County of Westmorland, which joins with the Lowther by Whinfeld Forrest.

Earne or Lough-Earne, Erno, Erdinus, a Lake in Ʋlster; which passing into the Lake of Devenish, a little more West, they both together fall into the Virgivian or Western Ocean, by the Bay of Walley; between Dungal to the North, and Slego to the South.

Easingwold, a Market Town in the North-Riding of Yorkshire, in the Hundred of Bulmer.

East-Born, a Market Town in the County of Sussex, in Bevensey Rape.

East-Breane, Brenia, a Tract in the County of Cavan, in the Province of Ʋlster in Ireland, near the Lough-Earne.

Easton-ness, a Promontory on the Coast of Suffolk, which makes the Northern Point of Southwold▪ Bay: the most Eastern Cape of the whole Kingdom of England.

Eaton, Aetonia, Etona, a Town in Buckinghamshire, in the Hundred of Stock, upon the River Thames, over against Windsor: made famous by a College of the Foundation of King Henry VI. in which there is a Grammar-School of great esteem for the education of the English youth.

Eaune, Heldona, Elna, a River of France, commonly called Liane. It ariseth in the Confines of Artois; and running through the County of Bologne, falls into the British Sea at Bologne.

Eause, Elusa or Elusaberis, a ruined City of France, commonly called Euse and Eusan, in a Territory of the same Name, upon the River Gelize; often mentioned by Sulpitius Severus, Ammianus and Sidonius. It was once an Archbishops See, and the Metropolis of Novempopulonia: but now an obscure Village in Armagnac in Gascogny; five Miles from Condom West. Civtat is built of late towards the Rumes of it. The Archbishops See was translated to Aux hence.

Ebersdorp, Eberstorfium, a Town in the Lower Austria in Germany. It stands upon the Danube, two Miles below Vienna; adorned with a Castle, to which the Emperors delight to retire.

Eberstein, a County the Circle of Schwaben in Germany, taking its Name from the Castle Eberstein towards the Dukedom of Wirtemberg: They both belong to the Marquess of Baden.

Eberwyck, York.

Eblaba, Alabanda, an Inland City of Caria (now Aidinelli) in the Lesser Asia, on the South of the River Madre. Long. 52. 28. Lat. 38. 46. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Staurople or Sancta Croce.

Ebro, Iberus, one of the greatest Rivers of Spain, called by the FrenchEbre It ariseth from the Mountains of the Asturia's in old Castile, near the Village and Castle of Mantillas, from two Springs; and watering the North part of Old Castile, the Towns of Frias, Miranda, Logrono and Tudela, (where it takes in the River Arga from the South, and from thence becomes capable to carry a Boat) it soon after enters into, and divides the Kingdom of Arragon; then takes in Biel from the North▪ and Xalon from the South, a little below Alagon; then saluting Saragoza; it admits Rio de la Guerva from the South, and Gallego from the North; Aguas, Marcia and Guadalupe come in from the South, as it passes Burgo and Fuentes; and at Mequinenca, Segre, (of old Sicoris) with a number of smaller Rivers in its retinue. Algas on the South, and a knot of small Rivolets on the North also come in to pay their Tributes; so watering the Southern part of Catalonia, a little beneath Tortosa he falls into the Mediterranean Sea, between three small Islands made by his own Sands. This River gave the Name anciently of Iberia to all Spain. Festus Avienus mentions another River Iberus, which is apprehended to be the same with that the Moderns call Rio Tinto.

Ebudae, Hebudes, Hebrides, Aebudae, five small Islands to the West of the Kingdom of Scotland, now more commonly thence called the VVestern Isles. They have the honour to constitute a Bishoprick under the Archbishoprick of Glascow.

Eburones, Eburonices Aulerici, Eburiaci and Eburovices, an ancient People of Gallia Celtica, dwelling at and about the modern Eureux in Normandy, and the Diocese of Liege taken in its former Latitude.

Ebusus. See Ivica.

Eccleshal, a Market-Town in Staffordshire, in the Hundred of Pirehill.

Ecija, Astigi, Astygi, a City of the Kingdom of Andalusia in Spain; called by Pliny, Augusta Firma; upon the River Xenil, over which it hath a Bridge; eight Miles from Cordova to the South, and fourteen from Sevil to the North. This was anciently a Bishops See but now a part of the Diocese of Sevil; and at this time one of the best Cities in Andaluzia: recovered from the Moors in 1239.

L'Ecluse. See Sluys.

Eda, Baetius, a River in Arabia Foelix, which springing out of the Mountains of Ghazuan [Bengebres] watereth Harsan; and a little below Tajef, takes in the River Chaibar: then by passing by Badid, Almortasse, Baisat and Mecca, it falls into the Red Sea at Ziden or Giodda, over against Suaquem in Africa.

Edel, Rha. See Wolgha.

Eden, the Garden of Paradise, described Gen. 2. & 3. to be planted by the Divine hand at the head of a River, which afterwards breaking into four Currents produces the Rivers Pison, Geichon, Hiddekel and Euphrates: from whence they conjecture this Garden to have had its place in the Country about Mesopotamia in Asia. Not but that the circumstances of the Guardian Cherubims, and a Flaming Sword invisible, the Fruit-Trees of Life and Knowledge, the Serpents talking with Humane Voice, and by an easie fallacy trepanning of his Lord into a condition of entailing Curses upon posterity unborn, &c. have administred apprehensions to the Curious of this History's being either an Hypothesis of the Writer, or an Allegory. § Eden, Ituna, a River of England, which ariseth from Huseat Movel-Hill in Yorkshire. It passeth Pendragon Castle, Kirby, Steven, Appleby; and at Hornbey takes in the River Eimot; and entereth Cumberland out of VVestm•rland: running Northward, it passeth Corby Castle and VVarwick; then turning West, it watereth Carlisse; taking in Petterel and Canda, one above, the other beneath that City; also the Irthing, which falleth by Brampton; and Kirksop, the Boundary of England and Scotland; so falleth by the Bay of Itune or Eden, into the Irish Sea, between Anand Castle in Scotland, and Boulnesse in England.

Eder, Adrana, Aeder, a River of Germany, which ariseth in the Ʋpper Hassia; and flowing through the Earldom of VValdeck, watereth Franekenberg, VValdeck; and two Miles above Cassel to the North, falls into the River Fuld.

Edernay, Hadrianopolis. See Adrianople.

Edessa. See Rhoa.

Edgware, a small Market Town in the County of Middlesex, in the Hundred of Gore.

Edinburgh, Agneda, Edenburgum, is the Capital City of the Kingdom of Scotland, and Seat of the Kings of that Nation. It stands in the South part of Scotland, in the County of Lothaine; anciently called CASTRƲM ALATƲM; and Edenburroth signifies the same thing; for Aidan in the Welsh is Wing: it stands on a high Ground in an healthful Air, a fruitful Soil, watered by many excellent Springs; in length from East to West a Mile, the breadth something less: the Walls, strong; the publick and private Buildings, Magnificent: full of People, and has a competent Trade by the advantage of the Port of Leith, not far from it. At the East end is the Royal Palace; by it, a fine Park; and not far off, a strong Castle upon a Rock. As the variety of the Fortune of War changed, this City fell sometimes into the hands of the English, and at others of the Scots, till 960. when the last prevailed by the means of the Danish Irruptions. September 14. 1650. after the Battel of Dunbar, the Castle was delivered into hands of the English, who kept it till the Restitution of Charles II. And June 13. 1689. the Duke of Gourdon surrendred the same to K. William's Forces under Sir John Lanier, upon Conditions for the Garrison only. For as to his own Interest, he submitted himself to K. William's discretion. It lies in Long. 16. 00. Lat. 56. 15. § The Fyrth of Edinburgh, is one of the greatest Bays in Scotland: on the North it has Fife, on the South Sterling and Lothaine: and several of the principal Cities of this Kingdom stand about it, or near to it.

Edge-Hill, a place in VVarwickshire near Kyneneton, seven Miles South of VVarwick; where on Sunday October 23. 1642. was fought the first Battel between Charles I. and the Parliamentarians under the Earl of Essex. The Earl of Lindsey Commander of the King's Battalia, and General of the Field, was slain, and the Standard taken; but retaken by Sir John Smyth, who after the Fight was made a Knight Banneret. The King had in this first Battel clearly the advantage, and opened his way to Oxford and London, and the next day took Banbury: whereas Essex retreated first to VVarwick, then to Coventry, and left both the Field and the Passes.

Edom. See Idumaea.

Efeso. See Ephesus.

Ega, a River in Spain: it ariseth in Aalva in Biscay, and flowing through the Kingdom of Navarr, watereth Stella, and Villa Tuercta; and between Calahorra and Villafranca, falls on the North into the Ebro.

Egates or Aegates, a knot of Islands in the Sicilian Sea, over against the Promontory of Drepanum in Sicily, to the West. They are memorable for the Naval Victory obtained here by C. Lutatius Catulus, the Roman Consul, over the Carthaginians: wherein seventy of their Vessels being taken and fifty sunk, a Peace (by them desired) was concluded, upon condition, they should quit all their pretensions to the Islands betwixt Italy and Africa: with which the first Punick War ended in the year of Rome 513. i. e. 241. before Christ. See Gotham.

Egaean Sea. See Archipelago.

Eger and Etlaw. See Agria.

Eger, Egra and Oegra, a strong Town in the Kingdom of Bohemia, upon a River of its own Name, towards the Frontiers of Franconia in Germany. It was the Seat of the ancient Narisci, according to Thuanus; and became first a dependent of the Crown of Bohemia by Mortgage in 1315. In the German Wars, often besieged. Those of the Country call it Heb, or Cheb.

Egers, Aegiricius, Egericius, commonly called Gers, a River of France in the Ʋpper Gascony; it ariseth in Armagnac, and running Northward, watereth Aux and Lectoure; so falls into the Garonne over against Agen, twenty five Miles above Bourdeaux.

Egesta, or Aegesta and Segesta, an ancient City of the Island of Sicily, near the Promontory of Lilybaeum: the inhabitants whereof are called Segestani in Pliny.

Eggiaford. See Aland.

Eghmont, a Town in the Northern parts of Holland, which hath the honour of the Title of an Earldom: two Leagues from Berverwick, and within half a League of the same distance from Al•maer. An Abbey of the Benedictines rendered it heretofore very considerable. It gives Name to one of the principal Families in Holland.

Egli, Thelis, a River of Roussillon in Spain, which riseth from the Pyrenean Hills, and falls after a short Course into the Mediterranean Sea, three French Miles North of Perpignan.

Egremont, a Market Town in the County of Cumberland in the Hundred of Allerdale, upon the Banks of a River, not far from the Sea, over which it hath two Bridges.

Cgrez, Aegritia, a River belonging to the Territory of the City of Basil, called in the Maps Aegertz: it ariseth from the Hills of Buchisgow, and running North watereth Liechstall, and falls into the Rhine three Miles above Basil: many smaller Rivers fall into it, before it reacheth Leichstall, and one after; but I cannot find their Names.

Egypt, Aegyptus, called by the Inhabitants Chibili, by the Arabians, Bardamasser; by the Turks, Misir, (which is very near the Hebrew, Misraim); by the Italians and Spaniards l' Egitto; by the Germans, Egypten; Is the first, the most fruitful, most ancient, most celebrated Kingdom of all Africa: on the North it has the Mediterranean Sea; on the East Arabia Deserta, and the Red Sea; on the South Aethiopia; on the West Cyrene, and the Deserts of Lybia. The River Nile running the whole length of it, and towards the Mediterranean Sea dividing it self into many Branches, is the only cause of its Fertility, by overflowing it every year in the Month of June. It is, saith Cluverius, from the City of Pelusium, to the Cataracts of the Nile, one hundred and fifty Miles: from the same place to Conza in the West, it is one hundred Miles broad; in some places towards the South (as Mr. Sandys saith) above Grand Cairo, it is for a long Tract consined between barren Mountains, in many scarce four, in few above eight Miles broad. But then he extends it from North to South five hundred and sixty Miles, and in breadth one hundred and forty English Miles at the North end. Long. from 60. d. to 67. South Lat. from 22. to 31. This Country was peopled by Misraim the Son of Chus, the Grandchild of Noah by Ham; and maintained its Liberty under Princes of its own, till God gave them into the hands of Nebuchadonosor in the year of the World 3365. five years after the ruine of Jerusalem by the same Prince. Yet that Empire lying far off, and being much shaken by intestine Divisions, they recovered their Liberty again. Cambyses reduced them the second time in the year of the World 3425. Xerxes conquered them about the year 3473. And yet Artaxerxes Ochus was necessitated to reduce them again; for they set up Princes of their own, and beat his Generals: so he went in Person; and having driven their King into Aethiopia, he levelled their strongest Fortifications, and made them so weak and helpless, that they have been in Servitude ever since. This Prince began his Reign in 3587. Reigned twenty three years, and conquered them in 3602. Alexander the Great became their Master next in 3620. to whom they most willingly submitted, out of a detestation of the Persian Government. Ptolomy the Son of Lagus began his Reign over them in 3626. and Cleopatra the last of his Posterity, destroyed her self to avoid Captivity, in the year of the World 3920. eighteen years before the Birth of our Saviour. From thence forward they were under the Romans. This wretched Nation called in at length Haymaria III. of the Saracen Califfs, and by his help cast out the Greek Garrisons about 862. In 1163. another Race succeeded, called the Turkish Kings, or Califfs; which ended in 1245. when the Mamalucks (or Slaves of that Race) deposed their Masters, and erected an Elective Kingdom out of their own Body: the Prince whereof was for many Ages chosen out of a number of Men, who began in Slavery, and whose Profession was War; they were in some sort the Janizaries of that Age. Tonombeius II. the last of them in 1517. was forced to submit to the prevailing Valour and Fortune of Selymus, one of the Ottoman Princes, under whom that Nation still groans. And now let any man compare the ancient and present Maps of Egypt, and his Eyes will shew him in one minute, the difference between the ancient and the later Government. The fruitful and populous Land of Egypt, styled by the Romans the Granary of their Empire, that was of old overspred with Cities and Towns, being now almost desolate, and all its ancient Glory, Magnificence, Riches and People, buried in Rubbish and Ruins: Names of Places that have no Inhabitants, or Pictures of Beasts and Antiquities, is almost all that is to be found here. Grandcairo, Alexandria, Rossetta and Damiata, are the only considerable places left of three thousand Towns that Strabo says there were in his time; and of the eighteen thousand that Antiquity beheld in the Ages before. Christianity is almost totally extirpated here, as it is in Barbary: and whereas the ancient Egyptians acquired a mighty reputation over all the East, by their good Literature, which drew the Philosophers of Greece to travel to them; and particularly Plato and Eudoxus, to live amongst them thirteen years; the Egyptians being the famed Inventors of most of the Sciences, expressed after an admirable manner in Hieroglyphieks, which with their Lunar years, their Deities, the long Dynasties of their Kings, their Customs of Polygamy, Government, and Worship, so charming to the Israelites, have been the subjects of the Pens of the Learned in divers Ages; Now an universal Ignorance and Barbarity possesses their Country. But I must not be long in so short a Work.

Ehenheim, Enheimium, a small City in the Ʋpper Alsatia upon the River Ergel, which falls by Strasburgh into the Rhine; a little above three Dutch Miles from Strasburgh to the South-West. The Name of the River in the Maps, is Ergers, and of the City, Ober-Hehenheim. This was once an

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Imperial Free City, but now under the Dominion of the French, who are repairing the Ruines they made in it, in its Acquisition.

Eiala, Helicon.

Eichfield, or Eischfelt, Eischfeldia, a District in the Province of Thuringia in Germany, to the South of the Dukedom of Brunsivick, under the Jurisdiction of the Elector of Mentz. The Capital of it is Duderstad.

Eichtelberg, a Mountain in the Marquisate of Culemback in Franconia; famous for giving Source to four Rivers in Germany, comprehended by their initial Letters in the Word MENS; that is, the Mayn, the Eger, the Nab, and the Saal. It divides into divers Portions, some reaching Eastward towards Bohemia, some towards Franconia to the West, the Palatinate and Bavaria to the South, and the Provinces of Thuringen and Voigtlandt to the North. It abounds particularly with Pine-Trees, as its Name signifies in the High-German Language.

Eie Eifel, a small Territory or District in the Dukedom of Juliers.

Eigues, or Aigues, Icarus, Aigarus, Eigarus, a River arising amongst the Mountains of the Dauphinate in France, towards the Territory of Gapansois; thence passing by Nions and S. Tronquet, discharging it self into the Rhone, about the Borders of the Principality of Orange.

Eisleben, Eislebia, a small City in the Upper Saxony, in the County of Mansfield, upon a small River which falls into the Lake of Susse See; one Mile East of Mansfield, twenty two North-West of Dresden. Luther was born here in 1483. and here died in 1546.

Ekelenford, Ekelenfordia, a Town belonging to Denmark, in the Dukedom of Sleswick: It stands five Danish Miles from Flensborg to the South-East, upon a Bay of the Baltick Sea, called Ekrenforder hafen. This Town took its Name from an old ruined Castle near it, and is under the Duke of Holstein Gottorp.

Ekesio, Ekesium, a Town in the County of Smaland in Sweden, four or five Leagues from the Lake Weler, towards Ostrogothland.

Eladasagni, Elbassan, Dassar, Daulia, a City in the West of Macedonia, on the Borders of Albania, upon the River Spirnasse, South of Scampi, (which River falls into the Ioman Sea, between Durazzo to the North, and Purgo to the South:) Elbassan stands sixty English Miles from Durazzo.

Elandia, Lampia, a small River in the Morea, not taken notice of in the ancient or later Maps; but it ariseth from a Mountain of the same Name in Arcadia.

Elba, Aethalia, Ilva, the Isle of Elbe, an Island in the Mediterranean Sea, between Piombino, in the Dukedom of Florence, and the Isle of Corsica; belonging to the Prince of Piombino, but under the Protection of a Spanish Garrison at Porto Longone; besides which the Grand Duke is possessed of a strong Town in it, called Porto Ferrajo, the Argoiis Portus of the Ancients, but in the Maps Cosmopolis; whereas indeed (saith Baudrand) there is no such Place as Cosmopolis in that Island. It is forty Miles in Circuit, inhabited by five or six Parishes; and by Virgil applauded for Mines of Steel.

Elbe, Albis, is one of the greatest Rivers of Germany; called by the Bohemians Labe, by the Italians Albi. It ariseth in Bohemia, out of the Mountain Das Risenbirge, that is, the Mount of Giants; in the Borders of Silesia, in the North-East part of that Kingdom, and runs South: First taking in Ʋpawa and Metueze above, and Olitz at Conig; then turning Westward from the North, it takes in Czidlina; a little further, Gizera; at Melnick, Multaw (which watereth Prague the Capital of Bohemia) and Egers above Letomeritz, where it runs Northwards into Misnia, and passeth by Dresden, and Meissen; then entering Saxony, a little above VVittenberg, it entertains the Elster from the North, and at Dessaw, the Muldau; a little further, the Sala, a great River from the South; then it watereth Magdeburgh, Borgh, and Sandow; and at Werben in the Dukedom of Brandenburgh, takes in the Havel, a great River which watereth Berlin and Brandenburgh, the principal Cities of that Dukedom: At Domitz it has another vast Supply out of Mecklenburgh; so leaving Danneberg on the South, and Thomdam on the North, it entereth Holstein at Ludesborgh, and runs on the South of Hamburgh to Gluckstad, about twelve German Miles; beneath which it falls into the German Ocean. This was the fatal Boundary of the Roman Empire; to which they seldom came, and beyond which they could never fix.

Elber, Libya Deserta, a Part of Africa.

Elbeuf, Elbovium, Elbodum, a Town in Normandy, upon the Seine, three or four Leagues below Rouen; adorned with the Title of a Dutchy in 1581.

Elbing, Elbinga, Aelveopolis, a City of Prussia, upon the Eastern Mouth of the Vistula, over against Dantsick, near the Lake of Drawsen; ten Polish Miles from Dantsick to the East. This is a very strong, beautiful, rich City; divided into two Parts, the Old and the New. First built in 1239. by the Knights of the Teutonick Order. In 1454. it withdrew from their Subjection, and put it self under the Protection of the King of Poland. In 1492. there was an University opened here by Albertus Duke of Brandenburgh, the first of that House that was Duke of Prussia. In 1629. it was taken by the Swedes, and again in 1655. but since recovered to the Crown of Poland. The first Occasion of its Trade and Wealth, was the Besieging the Town of Dantsick by Stephen King of Poland; which necessitated the Merchants to remove the Trade to Elbing. Gustavus Adolphus designed to improve it by the same Method; but the best Trade they have at present, is on the Account of its being the Staple for the English Cloth. This City is the Capital of the Territory of Hockerland; and divers English Families have settled themselves at it.

Elbogen. See Malmugen.

Elcatif, Leanita, a City and Province in Arabia Foelix, upon the Gulph of Persia, over against the Island of Babarim; from which the Gulph of Persia is by the Arabians called the Sea of Elcatife.

Elephantina, Elephantis, a pleasant Island of the River Nile in Aegypt, below the last of its Catarracts, not very far from Aethiopia; the Aegyptians and Aethiopians trading with each other here. It enjoys a perpetual Spring; and according to Tacitus, is observable for being the utmost Boundary on that Side of the Roman Empire.

Elesa, Elusa, an Island upon the Coast of Cilicia.

Eleusis, an ancient City of Attica, betwixt Megara and the Portus Pyraeus. One of the most celebrated in all Greece for the Temple, and the Mysteries of the Goddess Ceres performed here, together with other particular Mysteries, in Honour of Proserpine and Hercules; some of which it was Death to discover; some they exposed, yet at several times, and by Parts: Whence Seneca's Proverb, Eleusina servat quod ostendat: Admittingno Persons to the Exercise of the greater ones, under a Noviciatship of five years, with the

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Title of Mystae; and then advancing them to the Degree of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, with a Ceremony of Consecration. The Grand Secret of these Mysteries is thus discovered by Tertullian; Tota in Aditis divinitas, &c. Simulachrum membri virilis revelatur. Thus by Theodoret; Naturae muliebris imago.

Eleutherns, the River, now called Bajaria or Habes, according to Cluverius: Others apply it to the Admirati, of the Island of Sicily. See those modern Names. § Also a River of Phoenicia in Syria, arising from the Mountain Libanus, thence passing by Ituraea and Galilaea, to fall into the Tyrian Sea two Miles from Sarepta, and three from Tyre. The modern Name of this is Valonia.

Eleutheropolis, an ancient City of the Tribe of Juda, in Palestine; eight Miles from Hebron to the West, and twenty from Jerusalem by the Way of Gaza. S. Jerom takes the Distances of divers Places from this, as from one of particular Note.

Elgin, a small City in the County of Murray in Scotland, upon the River Lossie; three Miles from the Coasts of the German Ocean. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of S. Andrews.

Elham, or Eltham, a Market-Town in Kent, in Shepway Lath: Honoured heretofore with a Palace Royal; now well inhabited, being pleasantly seated amongst Woods on the Side of a Hill.

Elis, A Country of the ancient Peloponnesus, betwixt Achaia, Messene and Arcadia; so particularly consecrated in those times to Jupiter, whose Temple and Statue here were numbered amongst the Wonders of the World, that it was looked upon as Sacrilege to attack it: Only, the Lacedemonians, Arcadians and Romans were not so scrupulous to observe the Conceit. Before this Country submitted to the Romans, or was governed by a Magistracy of its own, it had the Honour to be a Kingdom. The Rivers Alpheus and Acheron, the Mountain Peneus, the Olympick Games in Honour of Jupiter and Juno, the Cities Elis, Pisa or Olympia, Cyllene, &c. contributed to spread its Fame in ancient History. Its modern Name is Belvedore. See Belvedore.

Ell, or Elle, Elcebus, a Town of Germany, in the lower Alsatia, upon the River Ill; three Leagues from Schlestad, and something more than one from Strasbourgh.

Ellesmere, a Market-Town in the County of Salop, in the Hundred of Pimhill, near the Borders of VVales. The Earl of Bridgwater is Baron of this Place.

Elna, Helena, a small City in Catalonia, in the County of Roussillon, heretofore a Bishop's See; upon a small River, two Miles South of Perpignan, and the same from the Mediterranean. The Bishoprick was removed to Perpignan in 1604. by Clement VIII. The Town was taken by the French from the Spaniard in 1640. Very small; called anciently Illiberis; in which was Hellen Castle, where those of Magnentius his Party slew Constans, the Eldest Son of Constantine. The River that falls by it is Tech.

Elsass. See Alsatia.

Elsenore, Elsenora, by the Danes Helsignor, is a Town in the Island of Zeeland; five German Miles from Copenhagen to the West. It has a large and a safe Haven, near the Mouth of the Sound; and a Castle to command the Streights of the Sound.

Elsingbourgh, Elsingborch, a Town on the opposite Shoar, over against Cronenburgh in Scania; which heretofore was under the Crown of Denmark, but by the Treaty of Roschild, in 1658. resigned to the King of Sweden. It stands three German Miles from Landskroon to the West. Christopher of Bavaria, King of Denmark, died here in 1448. The Danes took it in 1676. but they return'd it to the Swedes again the year after.

Eltor, Eilan, or Heilan, Aelana, Aila, Sur, Taurus, a City of Arabia Petraea, upon the Red-Sea, North of Madian, and over against Dacata in Aegypt. It has a Castle on a Rock by it, which always keeps a Turkish Garrison against the Arabians.

Elvas, Helva, a City of Portugal, in the Province of Alentejo, called Yelves by them of Castile; it stands upon the River Guadiana, fourteen Miles from Merida to the West, and twenty nine from Sevil to the North. This is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Evora; well fortified, and has belonging to it a strong Castle. The Spaniards, in 1659. besieged it to their great loss, being here routed by the Portuguese. Paul IV. in 1555. raised it to the Honor of a Bishoprick. The Cathedral Church was built by the Moors for a Mosque.

Elvino, a Fountain near Aquino, a City of the Terra di Lavoro, in the Kindom of Naples.

Elvira, Eliberis, an ancient City of the Kingdom of Granada in Spain; ruined, and its Episcopal See transferred to Granada, the Nova Illiberis, which has risen by its fall. This City is famous in Ecclesiastical History, for a Council assembled at it about the year 305. Two of the Canons thereof being much insisted on in Disputes; the one, forbidding Images; the other, the Marriage of the Clergy.

Elwang, Elwanga, Elephaniacum, a small City in the Circle of Schwaben in Germany, upon the River Jagst; in the Confines of Franconia, near the Territory of Onold; five German Miles from Rotenburgh, upon the Tubar, to the South, and nine from Ʋlm to to the North. The Capital of a Noble Government; the Governor being one of the Princes of the Empire; and it has a Castle near the City, in which he resides. This Territory is called by the Germans, Stife Elwang.

Elway, a small River which riseth in Denbighshire in VVales, and falleth into the Cluyd, a little beneath S. Asaph.

Ely, Helia, a City and Bishoprck in Cambridgeshire, in an Island of the Name, surrounded on all sides by Fens and Marshes; yet here was anciently one of the richest Monasteries of England. The See was taken out of that of Lincoln, and constituted by Henry I. in 1109. Hervey, Bishop of Bangor, being the first Bishop of it. The Monastery out of which the Bishoprick sprung, was Founded by Etheldreda, Wife to Egfred King of Northumberland, and was at first a Nunnery. The Danes having ruined this Foundation, Ethelwold, Bishop of VVinchester, refounded it, and stock'd it with Monks. The Cathedral was a Work of Time, built by Parts, great and beautiful; though the Town of Ely is not great, nor the Air healthful. The Bishop of this See had heretofore Palatine Rights, which were taken off by 27. H. 8. c. 25. But yet the Revenue is great, and the Bishops of it have been in great Esteem, and much employed. The present, is the forty third Bishop of this Diocese.

Elymi, an ancient People, that dwelt about the Mountains and high Grounds of the Island of Sicily; remembred in History, upon the Account of their being the Allies of the Carthaginians.

Elysii Campi, Elysium, the Poets Paradise; a large and delicious Plain of Baeotia in Greece, covered with Flowers, and every way agreeable to the Pleasures of the Senses.

Elysii, Helisii, Lysii, the ancient People of the Province of Silesia, in Bohemia; mentioned by Tacitus.

Embden, Amasia, Emda, a German City in the Circle of VVestphalia; anciently called Amasia, or Amisia, as Cluverius saith, from the River Ems, (Amasius,) upon which it standeth, with a large deep Port defended by a Castle. It is the Capital of East-Friesland, which is from this City often called the Principality of Embden; not great, but strong and well fortified. The Trade or People here are neither of them considerable; the Hollanders having sometime since possessed themselves of it. It stands fifteen Miles from Bremen to the South-West, and seven from Groningen to the North.

Emboli, Empoli, Amphipolis, Christopolis, an Archiepiscopal City, in Macedonia, under the Patriarch of Constantinople, upon the Confines of Macedonia and Thrace: Seated upon the Bay and River of Strimon, which did almost surround it; standing in the Confines of these two Countries or Kingdoms; and sometimes ascribed to the one, sometimes to the other. It lies thirty Miles from Philippos to the East, and seventy five from Thessalonica to the East. Now under Bondage to the Turks. Long. 50. 00. Lat. 41. 30.

Emeley, Auna, Emelia, a small City in the County of Tipperary, in the Province of Mounster in Ireland; in the Confines of the County of Limerick; upon the River Eslason, which falls into the River More or Broadwater: Heretofore great, populous, and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Cashel in the same County. This City lies twenty four Miles from Limerick to the East.

Emenia, an ancient Name of Thessalia.

Emilia, a Province of the antient Italy, lying along the Emiliana via, which denominated it, from Ariminum to Placentia; and comprehending a part of the present Estates of the Pope, the Dukes of Parma, Modena, Mantoua, and Mirandola. Call'd also Flaminia.

Emmaus, a Village in the Tribe of Juda, in Palestine, distant from Jerusalem about sixty Furlongs. Luc. 24. 13. At which our Saviour after his Resurrection discovered his Person to two of his Disciples by sitting down to eat with them, and then vanished out of their Sight. It is mentioned by Pliny, upon the Account of some remarkable Fountains there. The Devotion of Christians had advanced it to the Dignity of an Episcopal See, and built it a Monastery; before the Turks converted it into a Village again, much more desolate than before, inhabited by the Arabians only.

Emmen, Amma, a River of Switzerland, deriving its beginning from the Valley of Lemmethal, and after the reception of some Rivulets, falling into the Aar below Soleurre.

Emmerick, or Embrick, Embrica, Emmerica, a large, fair and rich Town in the Dutchy of Cleves, in Germany, upon the Eastern Banks of the Rhine, betwixt Cleves and the Fort of Skein; adorned with a Collegiate Church ever since the year 700. It is in the Possession of the Duke of Brandenburgh. The Hollanders took it from the Spaniards in the year 1600. The French from the Hollanders in 1672. who the year after put it into the Duke of Brandenburgh's Hands.

Empurias, Emporiae, Castrum Aragonense, Tibulae, a strong City in the Western Quarter of the Island of Sardinia, upon the River Termo or Termi, or Aragonese; with a good Port, and a Cittadel, and a Bishop's See, in Conjunction with that of Terra Nova in the same Island. It is more vulgarly now called Castel Aragonese, because it was the first Town the Spaniards of Aragon possessed themselves of, after the grant of Sardinia by Pope Boniface VIII. to James II. King of Aragon, about the Year 1296.

Ems, Eems, Amasius, Amisius, Amasia, Amasis, a River of Germany, which riseth in the Diocese of Paderborne, near Wrle, in a very deep Valley, from a slow but plentiful Spring, two Miles and an half from Paderborne to the North; then running Westward, and taking in the VVrle, the Dalke, and the Luter, three small Rivers, it entereth the Bishoprick of Munster; (having first passed by Retburgh, the Capital of a small Country,) and watereth VVidenbrug, or VVarendorp, and receives the Hessel from Ravensberg on the South; so passing Eme and Tillegt, it receives from the North the VVerse; and a little lower the Aa, which watereth the City of Munster; then turning North it passeth the Rhine, and takes in another Aa on the East; so by Linge he proceeds to Meppen, where it admits the Hase a considerable River on the East too; then passing by Landegge on the West, and Nienhus on the East, it entereth East-Friesland at the Fort of Oort; takes in Soste from the East, and by Oldersum and Nendorp, passeth by Emden, (which takes its present, as well as ancient Name from it,) and the Bay of Dullart, into the German Ocean.

Enchuysen, Enckuysen, Ancusanum, Enchusa, is a small City belonging to the Ʋnited Provinces, in Holland, in that Part called West-Friesland; which has a large and safe Haven upon the Zuyder Sea, and affords excellent Pilots; not above three Miles from Horn to the East, and eight from Amsterdam to the North: It stands on the Western shoar, at the Entrance of the Zuyder Zee, and was one of the first Towns that revolted and turned out the Spaniards in 1572. It had been burnt in 1279. But rebuilt and qualified with the Privileges of a City by VVilliam Earl of Holland in 1355.

Encre, Incra, a River in Picardy in France; with a Fort of the same Name upon it, which falls into the Some at Corvie.

Enderen. See Adrianople.

Endromit, Adramyttium, a City of the Lesser Asia, in Phrygia; and a Sea-Port upon the Archipelago, over against the Island of Metellino, (Mitilene:) called by Europeans Andramiti, by the Turks Edromit, (as Leunclavius affirms;) and by others S. Dimitri. It is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Ephesus; and I suppose is that which is called Landimetri in the later Maps; seventeen German Miles North of Smyrna. The Bay is called by the same Name; and sometimes extended to all the Sea between this Town and the Island of Metellino; sometimes contracted to that only, which entereth the Shoars of Asia. Hofman confirms my Conjecture; and shews that this City has a Phoenician Name from Bochart: it stands in a rich and fruitful Soil; mentioned by Livy, lib. 37. by Strabo, lib. 13. by S. Paul, Acts xxvii. 2. Long. 55. 00. Lat. 40. 40.

Engaddi, or Engedi, an ancient City of the Tribe of Judah, in Palestine, situated in a fruitful Soil for Wine; as the Comparison intimates, Cant. 1. 14. King David had an Opportunity to kill Saul in a Cavern of a Mountain near this Place. Ptolemy and Stephanus mention it.

Engern, Angria, the seat of the ancient Angrivarii, a Town in the Earldom of Ravensberg, in the Province of Westphalia in Germany, seven or eight Leagues from Munster: Famous for the Tomb of Witichindus, a Duke of the Saxons, of high Renown in the time of Carolus M. The Elector of Cologne stiles himself Duke of this Place.

Engers, a fair Town and Castle, with a noble Bridge over the Rhine, in the Archbishoprick of Trier in Germany, betwixt Coblentz and Andernach.

Engia, or Egina, an Island of the Archipelago towards Europe, at the Mouth of the Gulph of its own Name, (which was the Sinus Saronicus of the Ancients,) to the East of the Province of Sacania in the Morea; and near Athens. The Inhabitants whereof, in former Ages, were in a Condition to dispute with the Athenians for the Soveraignty of the Sea. It is about thirty six Miles in Circuit. The Capital City, Engia;

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which hath been the Seat of a Bishop under the Archbishop of Athens, since Christianity; but now no more than a Village, and the whole Island unprovided of a good Port. In 1537. the Turkish Admiral, Barberousse, took this Island from the Venetians; who retaking it in 1654. ruined all its Fortifications, and abandoned it to the Plunder of their Soldiers. The Relicts of two Famous Temples, the one dedicated to Jupiter, the other to Venus heretofore, are yet visible upon it.

England, Anglia, called by the French Angleterre, by the Italians Inghilterra, by the Germans Engellandt, by the Spaniards Inglaterra, is the greatest, the most Southern, and the best Part of the Island of Great Britain; called heretofore Albion, Britannica, and Britannia: Which noble Island is divided into three Parts, England, Wales, and Scotland. England has Scotland on the North, the Irish Sea in part, and Wales in part, and then the Irish Sea again on the West; the British Sea on the South, and the German Sea on the East: Between 17. and 22. Deg. of Long. between 50. and 57. of N. Lat. It lies together with Wales in the Form of a great Triangle, whereof the Southern Shoar is the Base, and Berwick the opposite Angle; from whence to the Lands End, it is accounted three hundred eighty six Miles Long, and two hundred seventy nine Broad; containing in that Compass, about thirty Millions of Acres of Land. It was divided by the Romans into five Parts, by the Saxons into seven Kingdoms, and now into forty one Shires or Counties: In which the Parishes amount to about ten thousand. The Air is very Temperate, both in Winter and Summer, being warmed in the one, and cooled in the other by the Sea-Vapors; the Soil for the most part very fruitful; watered with three hundred twenty five Rivers. The Inhabitants, Valiant and Industrious. And as Nature has given it whatever is absolutely necessary to the Life of Man; so the Natives by their Trade and Commerce, bring in from abroad, what may be had throughout the World, for Convenience, Delight, Magnificence, and Ornament. It has also the best Government, and the best constituted Religion, of any Nation in the World; and as much Learning, Civility, Arts and Trade as any other. Our Fleets excel at Sea, our Foot at Land, those of all other Nations. In short, we want nothing to make us happy, but Gratitude to God, and Union amongst our selves. This Island became first known to the Romans, about fifty years before the Birth of Christ. Julius Caesar entered it with a Fleet in the Year of the World 3895. and renewed his Attempt the year following; but the Civil Wars breaking out between him and Pomper, the Romans made little Progress here, (though they kept their Ground) till the Reign of Claudius; who entered Britain in Person, and staying not long, his General, Aulus Plautius, carried on the War; so that he took in the greatest part of this Island, now called England, and under him Vespasian learned the Art of War. Didius Avitus succeeded as General, and Nero as Emperor; under whom the Romans were in great Danger of an utter Extirpation from the Britains: But this Storm blowing over, they conquered all they cared for, as far the Fyrths of Galloway and Edinburgh in Scotland; only their ordinary and standing Bounds were between Newcastle and Carlisle. They continued their Possession till the year of Christ 433. and then withdrew to desend their nearer Dominions on the Continent, against the prevailing barbarous Northern Nations. In 449. the Saxons were called in to help the Britains against the Picts, (those Nations that had never been subject to the Romans, in the North of Britain.) In 455. Hengist, their General, set up the Kingdom of Kent, and began the Conquest of the British. By the year 819. the Heptarchy, or seven Kingdoms of the Saxons, united in one, under Egbert King of the West-Saxons; which Union received its utmost Perfection under Alfrid, about 873. The Danes, who had given Occasion to this Union, pursuing their Depredations, at last conquered the Saxons in 1018. and set up Sweno, a Prince of their own. In 1042. Edward the Confessor restored the Saxon Line, which was broken by William the Conqueror in 1066. But the Blood was again restored by Henry II. in 1155. Edward I. united Wales, in 1246. K. Henry II. began, and K. John finished the Conquest of Ireland, about the Year 1184. in the Reign of Richard I. his Brother. In the year 1602. James I. K. of Scotland, succeeding Qu Elizabeth, of Blessed Memory, united Scotland to England. And the great Rebellion in 1640. ended in 1660. by the Restitution of Charles, the Merciful and Just. Yet the Miseries that brought it in, the Calamities that attended it, and the Judgments that have followed it, may be eternal Monitors to English Men, to be Loyal to the King, and stedfast to the Church.

Engur, Astelfus, a River of Asia, which springeth from Mount Caucasus; and watering Mengrelia, falls into the Euxine, or Black Sea, between Charus and Hippus. Twenty Miles North of Chobus, another River of the same Country.

Engury, Ancyra, a City of Galatia, in the Lesser Asia, upon the River Parthenius, (now Sangari,) which falls into the Black Sea at Cangary. This was the Metropolis of Galatia; yet seated in the Confines of Paphlagonia, on an advanced Ground: And made Famous by a Council here held in 314. and another in 357. Called by the Turks, Enguri, Engouri, Angouri, or Anguri; fifty Miles to the East from Scutari, and sixty from Smyrna to the N. East. It is now considerable, and the Capital of one of the Turkish Provinces in Asia. Mithridates, the Famous King of Pontus, was overthrown by Pompey near this City-Bajazet the Turk, in the year 1403. was in the same Place taken Prisoner by Tamerlane, the Scythian Conqueror. Long. 62. 10. Lat. 42. 30.

Enham, Aenhamum, a Town in the County of Southampton, in the Hundred of Andover: Of Note, for a Council here congregated of the Bishops of both the Provinces in the Year 1009. under the Reign of King Ethelred.

Enkoping, Enecopia, a Town in the Province of Ʋplandia, in the Kingdom of Sweden; near the Lake Meler; five or six Leagues from Ʋpsal.

Enna, an ancient City, standing heretofore in the Center of the Island of Sicily; and Famous, both for a Temple dedicated to the Goddess Ceres Ennea, and for the excellentest Springs in all the Island▪ which are applauded by Cicero and Diodorus. The Bellum Servile of Sicily was raised by Syrus Ennus of this Place, and ended with the Reduction of this Place also, under the Conduct of Pimperna.

Eno, Aenos, a City of Thrace, called by the Turks, Ygnos; by the Greeks, Eno. It stands on the Archipelago, at the Mouth of the River Hebrus, now Mariza; which runs a little South of Adrianople, and here falls into the Sea over against the Isle of Samandrachi; forty Miles from the new Dardanels to the North, and sixty five English Miles from Adrianople South: Is now a Bishop's See, under the Patriarch of Constantinople,

Enrichemont. See Boisbelle.

Ens, Claudivium, Claudionum, Anisus, is both a River and a City of Austria: the River riseth in the Bishoprick of Saluburgh near Rachstad; and running North-East as far as Newmarckt, it takes in that of Celstal; North-West it meets the Steyr, at Steyr

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Castle; and there it turns to the North, and washeth the East Side of the City of Ens; half a German Mile beneath which, it falls into the Danube. Near the City there is a Bridge over the Danube, on the North-West Side.

Ensisheim, Ensihemium, a small City in Alsatia, upon the River Ill, two Miles West of Newenburgh, five Miles North-West from Basil. Once the Capital of the Higher Alsatia, and the Seat of the Parliament, or Chamber of that Province; but now in the hands of the French.

Entre-Douro-e-Minho, a Province, the best peopled, and the most delightful of all the Kingdom of Spain: containing in the space of eighteen Leagues in length, and twelve in breadth, six good Port-Towns, above one hundred and thirty Monasteries, and fourteen hundred Parishes. It hath this Appellation given it from its Situation betwixt the Rivers Douero to the South, and Minho to the North: the Western Ocean binding it to the West, and the Province of Tras-los-Monies to the East. Its Capital is the City Braga.

Entrevaux, Intervallium▪ a Town in Provence, upon the River Var and the Frontiers of the County of Nice, about the Mountains; which the Bishop of Gl•ndev•s makes the Seat of his Residence.

Epaune or Epone, Epaunense, Ponense, Eponense, a Town or Parish in the old Kingdom of Burgandy in France; where there was a Council held in 51• under the Reign of Sigismund, King of Burgundy, after his abjuration of Arrianism. The French Writers cannot agree, where to place it more particularly.

Ephesus, E••so▪ one of the most ancient and noble Cities of the Lesser Asia; seated upon the River Causter, (Ca•strus,) in the Province of Ionia; on the Shoars of the Archipelago, North of the Isle of Samos; one of the greatest and most celebrated Cities of Asia, before it fell into the hands of the depopulating Sar•o•ns and Tur••▪ who seem to have been designed by Heaven for the Scourges and Destroyers of ancient Cities, or rather of Mankind, there is so much Desolation where ever they have long ruled. This City is so ancient, that it is generally believed to have been built by the Amazons. It stood at first on too low a Ground; and therefore suffering much by Inundations, Lysimachus, one of the Successors of Alexander the Great, removed it into that place where it now is, and called it Arsinoe, by the Name of his Wife; but after his Death, it reassumed its ancient Name. Pliny calls the Temple of Diana here built, Admirationem Graecae Magnificentiae, The Wonder of the Grecian Magnificence: and reckons it amongst the Wonders of the World: this was burnt by Erostratus, to perpetuate the Memory of his Name, that night Alexander the Great was born, in the one hundred and sixth Olympiad, and the three hundred ninety eighth year of Rome, i. e. three hundred fifty six years before Christ. Two hundred and twenty years more afterwards were spent in rebuilding it, with the utmost Magnificence, at the charges of all the Provinces of Asia Minor. Xerxes, though he ruined many of the Asiatick Temples, spared this. The Romans conquered this City under Antiochus King of Syria, an hundred and eighty years before the Birth of our Saviour, and in their first Asiatick War. Nero plundered it; the Goths under Galienus destroyed it. S. Paul first planted the Christian Faith (residing in person three years) here, and wrote one of his Epistles to this Church afterwards, whilst he was at Rome. S. John, the beloved Apostle, lived, and wrote, and in probability died here: to him the great Church was dedicated, that is now a Turkish Mosque. S. Timothy was its first Bishop after S. Paul. The third General Council, consisting of two hundred Prelates, was held here in the year 431. under Theodosius junior, against Nestorius and Pelagius. There was a smaller Council here in 198 concerning the Celebration of Easter; in which the Bishops resolving to adhere to the Asiatick Custom, Pope Victor declared to break his Communion with them. Another in 400. held by S. Chrysostom, for the quieting the Disturbances of Asia. Another in 449 by Dioscorus Patriarch of Alexandria, for the confirming the Opinions of Euryches, in which Pop• Leo's Legats were rejected: and some others. When this City came first into the hands of the Turks, I cannot assign; but it is certain they call it A••salouc; and that it is a poor desolate Village though with a fine Haven, and an old ruined Castle. This City lies forty Miles from Smyrna to the South; full of the deplorable Ruines of its pristine Glory. Long. 55. 45. L•at. 39. 00. All the Inhabitants of this City now are about forty or fifty Families of Turks, without one Christian amongst them: living in a knot at the South Side of the Castle, called Asia Sabuck. The Grott of the seven famous Sleepers is shewn in this City.

Epidamnus▪ See Dura••o.

Epi•a•rus. See Malvasia and Ragusa. § An ancient City besides, of Argia, in the Peloponnesus, where there was a Temple dedicated to Aesculapius.

Epideno, Apidanus, a River of Thessalia, called sometimes Epedonia; it ariseth from Mount Bormio; and washing Pharsalia, (famous for the overthrow of Pompey the Great, by Caesar) falls into the River Onocoro, (Peneus) above Larissa, with a very swift Current.

Epirus, a Kingdom in Greece, which was anciently much celebrated; and had first Kings of its own, till the Macedonians subjected it: it is bounded on the North by Macedonia, now Albania; on the East by Thessalia, on the South by Achaia, (now Livadia;) and on the West by the Ionian Sea, or Gulph of Venice. This Province is now sometimes called the Lower Albany. It is most famous for its ancient King Pyrrhus, who invaded Italy, and beat the Romans in the year of the World 3669. two hundred seventy nine years before the Birth of our Saviour. See Florus, lib. 1. cap. 18. This Kingdom was reduced to the Macedonian Subjection, by Philip and Alexander the Great; but Pyrrhus not only recovered it, but conquered, and for some time kept Macedonia. The Romans subdued it next, and Paulus Aemilius laid it desolate: sacking in one day seventy Cities, and captivating an hundred and fifty thousand Epirots, without any Provocation. In the Division of the Empire, this Country fell to the Eastern; and continued so till the taking of Constantinople; after which it had Princes of its own again, till the year 1466. when by the death of George Castriot, commonly called Scanderberg, it was reduced under the Dominion of the Turks, under whom it still is; excepting Corfu, and some other small Islands, which are under the Venetians.

Episcopia, Curium, once a City of the Isle of Cyprus, now a great Village, which is yet a Bishops See amongst the Greeks: it lies on the South Side of the Island, East of Paphos, and not far from the South-West Cape, in a Bay, called heretofore Curia.

Epomeus or Epopeus, a Vulcanoe-Mountain in the midst of the Island of Ischia, in the Thuscan Ocean; so terrible in its Eruptions, accompanied with Inundations and Earthquakes, that we find the Inhabitants have divers times abandoned the Island for safety. It is recorded particularly to have raged under the Consulship of Lucius Marcius and Sextus Julius, under the Reigns of Augustus, Titus and Dioclesian, and in the year 1300.

Epping, a Market Town in the County of Essex,

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in the Hundred of Waltham. The Lord Gray of W•rk has a Seat here.

Epsham or Epsom, a Market Town in the County of Surrey, in the Hundred of Copehorn: pleasantly situated, and much resorted to, for its Medicinal Waters.

Epte, Illa, a River in the Beauvaisis, in the Isle of France.

Erasino or Rasino, a small River of the Morea, in ••carnania, the most North-Eastern Province, near Napoli di Romania: it ariseth out of a Lake, anciently called Stymphalis; and having buried it self under the Earth, ariseth again; and falls at last into the Golfo di Napoli.

L'Eraut or l'Erraud, Araurius, Rhauraris, a River of the Province of Languedoc in France, arising from the Mountains of Sevennes, and passing by Castelnau de Guers, Florensac, &c. to discharge its Tribute to the Mediterranean, having first received into its own Bed some Streams by the way.

Erdelia, Erdeliana provincia, Erdely. See Transylvania.

Eresby, a Town in the Division of Lindsey in Lincolnshire, not far from Bullingbrook, giving the Title of Baron to the Earl of Lindsey.

Eresma, Areva, a River of Old Castile in Spain▪ it ariseth from Mount Fonfria, in the Borders of New Castile; and passing by Segovia, receiveth the small Rivolet of Clamores, and another at Coca, called the Valtaia; and a little lower the Cega; then falls into the Duero, over against Tordesillas. Baudrand. This River seems to be called Zarpardiel; and another that falls into it from the West, here called Cega, to be the Areva, or Eresma; but in the ancient Maps, that which falls by Segovia, is called Areva.

Eretria, an ancient Episcopal City of the Island of Negropont, now called Rocco. § A second, in the Province of Thessalia.

Erfurdt, Erfurt, Erford, Bi•urgium, Erphordium, Hercinophordia, a City in Thuringia in Germany, the Capital of that Province. It stands upon the River Iera, three Miles from Weimar West, fifteen from Franckfort to the South-West, Long. 31. 00. Lat. 51. 00. Of old called Mervigisburg, from Meroveus the first Christian King of France. There was a Mona•tery built here by Dagobert, another King of France, in the year 637. (after which it was called Petersberg;) and there is now a famed University▪ founded in 1392. There was a Council held here in 932. for the keeping the Festivals of the Apostles: in 1074. for the promoting Celibacy and Chastity, and the forbidding Concubinage amongst the Clergy, which had no good success. In 1163. it was walled. Rudolphus I▪ extinguished here a great Sedition in 1289. The Church of our Lady here was built in 1351. A Fire almost totally ruined this City in 1417. Since which it has been so nobly rebuilt and improved, that the people ordinarily say, Erford is not a City, but a Country. In 1514. Luther found here Jerom of Prague his Works, and published them. The Castle stands upon a Hill, where there was heretofore a Religious House. Gustavus King of Sweden took it at his coming into Germany: but in 1648. it returned into the obedience of the Bishop of Mentz, by the Treaty of Osnabruck. And because the inhabitants refused to submit to the said Bishop, the French assisted him to make himself Master of it in 1664. first having taken it from the Duke of Saxony; who had yet seventeen of ninety Villages (which did belong to it) assigned to him by the Treaty of Leipsick in 1665. in lieu of his Right and Pretences.

Ergel, Heraclea, a ruined City of Caria in the Lesser Asia, between Mount Cadmas to the South, the River Lycus to the East, and the Meander to the West; directly East of Ephesus. Ptolemy placeth it about an hundred English Miles from it.

Eridanus, the Po.

Erin. Ireland, in Irish.

Erissi, Erissus, a Town in the Isle of Lesbia.

Erlaph, Erlape, a River of the Lower Austria, which falls into the Danube.

Erma. See Herma.

Erne, Ravius, a Lake and River in the West of Ireland.

Erneo. See Irneo.

Erpach, Erpachum, a Town and County in Franconia in Germany, under its own Count, between the Rhine, the Mayne and the Necker; having the Territory of Geraw or Grawer on the West. This Count hath the privilege of a Seat in the general Diets of the Empire.

Erquico, Arquico or Ercoco, Er〈…〉 Adulis, a considerable Town and Port upon the Red Sea, in the Kingdom of Barnagasso in Africa, under the Turks; being a dependent of the Beglerbegship of Sua••en.

Errif, Errifis, a Province in the Kingdom of Fez in Barbary▪ lying along the Mediterranean Coast, between the Provinces of Habat to the West, and Garet to the East. § And a Mountain called of old Atlas Minor.

Erythaea, a small Island, of fame amongst the ancient Greek and Latin Poets, for the Story of King Geryon. But the Geographers have not agreed upon the place of it, whether betwixt Cadis and Spain, as Pliny; or upon the Coast of Portugal amongst the Barlinguas, as Mela and others would have it.

Erythraea, an ancient City of Ionia in Asia Minor, to the Sea: adorned since the times of Christianity with the Seat of a Bishop under the Archbishop of Ephesus. And famous in the Ages before, for the Sibylla of its Name; whose Verses not only condemn the multiplicity of Gods, (saying there is but One only, the Creator of all) but moreover speak so advantageously of the first and second coming of Christ, that some of them, repeated by Eusebius, make an Acrostick upon his name and quality under these words, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

Erythraeum Mare. See the Red Sea.

Erzerum, a City of the Greater Armenia, upon the Euphrates. It is the Seat of a Beglerbeg, and the most considerable place of Turcomania; supposed to be the Theodosopolis of the ancients, and otherwise called by Writers Aziris, Arzir••, Sinera, Senebra, &c.

Esaro, Ezaro, a River of Calabria.

Eschan•on, Scando, a River of Tourains.

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Eschwege, a Town in the Marquisate of Hassia in Germany, upon the River Werra, near the Confines of Thuringen: supposed to have been built by the Emperour Carolus Magnus, and after the ruining of it by the Hunns, to have been rebuilt by▪ the Emperour Henry II.

Escualt, See Schelde.

Escure, a Province of the Kingdom of Morrocco in Barbary; betwixt the River Hued-la-Abid to the East, the Mountain Verte to the North and West, and the River Tensift, with some parts of the Atlas, to the South. Fruitful in Corn and Pasturage.

Escurial, a Village in New Castile, upon the River Guadarna, seven Leagues from Madrid to the West, and twenty four from Toledo to the North; in which Philip II. King of Spain, built a Palace Royal, together with a most Magnificent Monastery, and a Stately Church in honour of S. Laurence, as a grateful Memorial of the Victory obtained against Henry II. King of France, at the Battel of S. Quintin in Picardy, In 1557. in which he spared no Expence that might contribute to the Magnificence and Ornament of it; insomuch as he is said to have spent twenty Millions of Gold on this Structure. And since that time, the Kings of Spain have been buried in a Noble Chappel here, called the Pantheon, from its being built in imitation of the Pantheon at Rome. The Emperour Charles V. lies interred in it. This Magnificent Fabrick suffered much by Fire in 1671. in which a vast Library perished.

Esfagues, Ruspae, a small City in the Kingdom of Tunis; it was a Bishops See, but now ruined.

Esino, Aesis, Esis, a River in the Marca Anconitana in Italy. It ariseth from the Appennine, and running East, washeth Jesi; then falls into the Adriatick Sea, one Mile North of Ancona. This was once the Northern Boundary of Italy.

Eskedale, Eskia, a County in Scotland, bounded by Cumberland on the South, Annandale on the West, Twedale on the North, and Tivedale on the East: it takes its Name from the River Esk, which runs through it, and falls into the Tees.

Eskihissar, Laodicea, a City of the Lesser Asia, upon the River Lycus, near its fall into the Meander: built by Antio•bus the Son of Stratonica, whose Wife being called Laodicea, gave this Name to the City: now totally ruined, and not inhabited; though once an Archbishops See, who had sixteen Suffragan Bishops under him. The Turkish Name it has, signifies the Old Castle. The Ruines of it shew it to have been a very great City, situate upon six or seven Hills, encompassing a large space of Ground, twenty Miles distant from Coloss to the North-East, and five from Hierapolis. It hath three Theatres of White Marble, as beautiful and intire, as if they were lately built; and a Circus as stately. But then the Town is totally desolate; inhabited by nothing but Wolves, Foxes and Chacals, a Den of Dragons, Snakes and Vipers: neither hath it the Title of an Archbishops See, (as Seignior Ferraro and others have affirmed): God having spit it out of his Mouth, as threatned in the Revolation, and made it an Example of his Justice and Veracity. See Mr. Wheeler p. 264. See Laudichia.

Esla, Estola, a River of the Kingdom of Leon. It washeth Leon and Benvento; and taking in the Orbico, falls into the Duero, between Samora to the East, and Miranda to the West.

Essing, Elsing or Eslingen, Ezelinga, Eslinga, a small Imperial and Free City, in the Dukedom of Wirtemburg in Schwaben in Germany, upon the River Necker; nine Miles from Spier to the South-East, and the same from Ʋlm to the North-West. This is now under the Protection of the Duke of Wirtemburg; ill built, and has suffered much in the late Wars.

Esne. See Aisne.

Esperies, Eperiae, a strong Town in the County of Sarax, in the Lower Hungary, upon the River Tarcza or Tarkz, towards the Carpathian Mountains and the Frontiers of the Kingdom of Poland. Obtained from the Turks since the present War.

Espernay, Sparnacum, Aspreniaoum, a Town upon the Marne, in the Province of Champagne in France, betwixt Chalon and Chateau-Thierry. It bath a famous Abbey of the Augustine Fryars standing in it.

Espinal, Spinalium, a small City in the Dukedom of Lorrain upon the Maes, four Leagues from the Confines of Burgundy to the North, and a little less from Remirmont. This Town hath suffered much in the Wars of this Age.

Espinoy, a Town in Flanders, betwixt Douay and L'Isle: ennobled with the Title of a Principality, and giving its Name to an Honourable House.

Esseck, Mursd, a Town and Castle in Sclavonia, at the Confluence of the Drave and the Danube, where great Actions have been done. The Town stands low, and the Streets are planked with Trees, as Dr. Brown assures us, who hath seen it. Upon one side of the Gate is part of a Roman Inscription, MAELIAN: on the other, a Maids Head of Stone. In or near this place, Constantius defeated Magnentius the Usurper, and Murtherer of Constantine II. in 359. The Town is great and populous, by reason of the Trade and Commerce on the account of the Passage. But not strong, and therefore the Turks have of late bestowed much cost and pains in fortifying it. In 1537. Solyman the Magnificent, assaulted it without Success. But that which is the great wonder, is the Bridge over the Drave, and the Marshes on both sides: this Bridge is five Miles over, having Rails on both sides, and Towers of Wood at every quarter of a Mile: built by Solyman the Magnificent in 1521. so soon as ever he had taken Belgrade: it is so broad, that three Wagons may go a breast, and all built of Oaken Timber. Count Nicholas Serini burnt part of it in 1664. which necessitated the Turks to build that part a little nearer the Danube, because they could not without great charges and difficulty pluck up the remainder of the Trees which the Water had preserved from the Fire. By this Bridge all the Turkish Armies use to pass between Hungary and Constantinople: near here, the unfortunate Lewis King of Hungary in 1526 was defeated, in attempting to stop Solyman's passage into his Kingdom. Count Lesly, Aug. 15. 1685. burnt it the second time, and possessed himself of the Town of Esseck; but the Castle holding out, he blew up their Magazines, plundered the Town, and left it. In 1686. the Turks began to build this Bridge after another way, by driving rows of Trees into the Earth, and filling up the space with Earth, that it might not be so subject to be ruined by Fire: but the Duke of Lorrain, June 15. 1687. put an end to this Work; drove the Turks over the Drave, and in a few days intirely ruined what eight thousand men had been many Months a building. Pursuing his design, and passing the Drave to take Esseck, he found the Prime Visier there posted with all the Forces he could raise very advantageously, with the Danube on the left, a Wood on the right, the Town and Drave behind, and a Morass before him; between which and his Camp, was a Dike twenty foot deep, forty broad, and two Miles long, strengthened with Palisadoes and Redoubts, with sixty thousand men within it, and one hundred Cannon: whereupon the Duke retreated, June 20. and repassed the Drave at Siclos. See Mohatz. After the unfortunate taking of Belgrade by the Turks,

=== descriptionPage 135 ===
October 1690. they set down immediately with an Army of fifteen thousand Men before this Place, but retired without Success.

Essedones or Issedones, an ancient People of Scythia, whose Capital Town was Issedon, now called Caracoran. Herodotus says of them, that they used to eat the dead bodies of their Parents, reserving the head to be set in Gold and made the object of their annual Sacrifices.

Essekebe, or Esquib, Essequebia, one of the principal Rivers of South America. It ariseth in Guiana, near to the Lake of Parime; and running Eastward, to improve its Streams, by the addition of many smaller Rivers, it falls into the North Sea, near Meapuer. In Long. 318. The Dutch, who have many Plantations upon it, call it by this name.

Essex, Essexia, is a County in the East of England, inhabited heretofore in part by the Trinobantes: bounded on the North by Suffolk and Cambridgeshire: on the West by Hartford and Middlesex; on the South by Kent; and on the East by the German Sea: The principal City in it is Colchester. This Country is very fruitful, full of Noblemen and Gentlemens Houses. The principal Rivers, which water it, are the Stour, that divideth it from Suffolk; the Thames from Kent, the Ley from Middlesex, and the Little Stour from Hartfordshire; which besides their fruitful Meadows, and the convenience of Carriage, afford it plenty of Fish: besides these, there is the Ill, the Crouch, the Chelme, the Blackwater and the Colne, which arise and fall within this Country; and many of them are great Rivers. There are many smaller ones, whose Names cannot be taken in here. This County gave the Title of Earl to the Families of the Mandeviles, the Bohuns, the Bourchiers, Thomas Lord Cromwell, William Lord Parre, before it came to the D'Eureuxe's. Robert d'Eurex, Viscount Hereford, General of the Parliaments Army against Charles I. dying Septem. 13. 1646. and his Son Robert an Infant, before the Restitution of Charles II. Arthur Capel, Baron of Hadham, was created Earl of Essex, and Viscount Malden, April 20. 1661. and made Lord Lieutenant in Ireland in 1672. He perished miserably in the Tower. His Son then an Infant, succeeded him in this Honor.

Esslingen. See Esling.

Essone, Exona, a small River and Village in the Isle of France. The Town stands five Miles from Paris to the South-West, and one from Corbeile to the West.

Estampes, Stampae, a Town and Dutchy in Beausse in France. The Town stands upon a River of the same Name, ten Leagues from Paris to the South, and sixteen from Orleans to the North: mentioned in Georgius Turonensis, Aimonius, and other French Historians. It is placed on the Some, at the Confluence of another small River, which is sometimes called l'Yone, and sometimes La riviere d'Estampes. There is a Collegiate Church, and divers Religious Houses standing in it: but the Castle was ruined in 1652. This Town was created first an Earldom in 1327. by Charles IV. King of France. Then a Dukedom in 1536. by King Francis I. And has been many times honoured not only with French Synods, but with the Assemblies of the States. The Huguenotts took it by Scalade in 1567.

Estaples, Stabulae, Stapulae, a Sea-Port-Town in the County of Boulogne in Picardy; sixteen Miles North of Dieppe, and ten from Calais South.

Este, or Est, Ateste, a Town in the Dominion of the State of Venice, mentioned by Pliny and Tacitus, which was once a Bishops See, under the Patriarch of Aquileia. It stands in the District of Padua, upon the little Medoacus, or the River Bachiglione; which washing the Walls of Vicenza and Este, falls into the Venetian Gulph, twelve Miles from Padua to the South. The Dukes of Modena in Italy (of which Illustrious House, Mary, Consort to King James II. is) take their Name from this Place; who were before a great while Dukes of Ferrara, Modena and Regio: Now, only of Modena. See the History of the Family of Este written in Italian by Jean Baptist• Pigna, and in English by Mr. Crawford.

Esteing, an ancient Barony in the Province of Rouergne in France, since advanced to an Earldom. It gives Name to an Honourable Family, that by the concession of Philip the August in the year 1214. as a reward for the noble actions of one of their Ancestors, bears the same Coat of Arms with the Crown.

Estella, or Stella, a small City in the Kingdom of Navarr, upon the River Ega, where it receives the Vreder; eight Miles from Pampelona to the South, and the same from Calahorra to the North. Built in the year 1094. It is the Capital of the Territory called la Merindada de Estella.

Estepa. Astapa, a City or great Town in Andalusia in Spain, seated upon a Hill, in the Confines of the Kingdom of Granada; about twelve Miles from Malaga to the North, and seventeen from Sevil to the South-East. This sprung out of the ruines of Astapa, an old Iberian City, or Phoenician Colony; which being besieged by Marcellus, a Roman General, the Inhabitants burnt themselves with their Wives and Children and all they had, that they might not fall into the hands of the Romans, as Livy saith.

Cstoiteland, Estotilandia, a great Tract of Land in the North of America, towards the Actick Circle, and Hudson's Bay, having New France on the South, and James's Bay to the West. This is a part of Canada; now commonly called New Britain, and Terra Laboratoris. The first of the American Shoars which was discovered; being found by some Friesland Fishers, that were driven hither by a Tempest, almost two hundred years before Columbus. In 1390. Nicolas and Antonius Zeni, two Brothers that were Venetian Gentlemen, at the Charges of Zichini King of Friesland, took a view the second time of these Shoars. John Skoluo a Polonian in 14•6. about eighty six years after the first discovery, sailing past Norway, Greenland and Friesland, and entering into the Streight beyond the Artick Circle, arrived at this Country. Which is Mountainous, overgrown with Woods, full of all manner of wild and savage Beasts, and only known as to the Shoars; but yet the Soil is fruitful, Hofman.

Estouteville, a Town in the Ʋpper Normandy in France, advanced to the quality of a Dukedom by King Francis I. in 1538. There is a Noble Family deriving their Name from it.

Estremadura, Extremadura, is a Province of the Kingdom of Portugal, at the Mouth of the Tagus, upon the Western Ocean: bounded on the North by Beira, on the West and South it has the Ocean, and on the East the rest of Portugal. The principal City is Lisbon, the Capital of the Kingdom; and as for this Province, it is divided into six Counties, which they call Comarcaes. § There was anciently another Province called La Estremadura de Castilla, because it was Extrema Durii; for on the North it was bounded by the Durius, or Douero, a great River of Spain; on the West it was separated from the Kingdom of Leon, by the Rivers Heban and Rigamon; from thence it extended by the Rivers Guadarrama, which washeth Madrid and Somosierra, to the Fountains of the River Douero: so that it was one hundred Spanish Leagues in compass, and Segovia was the Capital of this Province: but as Ximines saith, after it was united to Castile, it lost the Name, which in after times was given to others.

Etsch, Athesis, a River of Italy, called by the Italians, Adige; by the Germans, Etch. It springeth out of Mount Brenna, one of the highest of the Alpine Mountains in Tirol; and passing through a Territory of Etschlender, which takes its Name from it, it leaves Meran and Bolsano (considerable Towns) on the East; turning South, it takes in the Rivers Eisock (which falls by Brixen), Neves and Lavisium; then watereth the famous City of Trent, beneath which it admits Perzene, and so goes on to Verona, which it divides in its passage; and passing Legnano, Rovigo and Anguilara, it falls into the Adriatick Sea by Porto di Fossone, in later Maps called Porto di l'Adige; eighteen Miles South of Venice, and three North of the Mouth of the Po.

Etna, Aetna, a Mountain in the East of Sicily, which perpetually belcheth out Fire and Smoak: called by the Italians, il Mongibello; by the French, Le Mont Gibel; by the Arabians, Gibel; that is, the Mountain. It is the greatest as well as the most known Mountain in all Sicily, in the Diocese of Catanea, nine Miles high, and fifty in compass; and at the opening or Mouth of it at the top, twenty four furlongs wide. The South side is planted with Vines, the North overgrown with Woods; on the East from the Top of it to Catanea it is all cultivated, and employed to one use or another. At some times it rageth more than at others: particularly in 1169. 1329. (when it had not flamed of many years before,) 1408. 1444. 1447. 1536. 1554. 1566. 1579. At which last time it damaged Catanea, and its Fields, more than usual. But the greatest Rage was in 1669, when it sent out four Rivers of melted Earth, Stones and Rocks; which from the top descended down its sides, through the Fields, into the Sea; and there maintained their Torrent a Mile in the Waters, before they were able to tame these raving and furious Sons of Vulcan. Not only the City of Catanea apprehended a sudden and inevitable Ruine, but Men thought the whole Island of Sicily would have been destroyed; and that by degrees the Fire would have melted the whole Rock, upon which the Island is founded: however, it destroyed fifteen Castles or great Houses, and did an inestimable Mischief. Yet the top of this Mountain is often covered with Snow and Ice; and the two most contrary things in Nature seem here to unite, of which Claudian Lib. I. de Rapt. Proserp.<blockquote>Sed quamvis nimio fervens exuberat aestu, Scit nivibus servare fidem, pariterque favillis.</blockquote>Eu, Augum, Augae, La Ville d'Eu, a considerable Town on the Coast of Normandy, upon the River Bresle, near the Confines of Picardy, six Miles North of Dieppe, and about a League from the Sea. Here of old were the Essui, a People of Gaul. It is honoured now with the Title of an Earldom, and with an ancient Abbey, and a College of the Jesuites.

Eubaea. See Negropont.

Eucarpia, an ancient Town of Phrygia in Asia Minor, famed for Grapes, in bigness, exceeding those of Canaan.

Evenlode, a small River of Oxfordshire.

Evershot, a Market Town in Dorsetshire, in ••l. lerford Hundred.

Evesham, or Evesholm, a Market Town in Wercestershire in the Hundred of B•akenhu•st, with a Bridge over the Avon. It is esteemed next to Worcester the best in the County: contains two or three Parishes, and drives a good Trade; and has the honour of chusing two Burgesses for the Parliament.

Euganei, an ancient People of the Alpes, betwixt the Lake of Coma and the River Etsch; whereof the Sarunetes were a branch, and the most considerable: dwelling about Chiavenne and the Valtolme.

Eugubio. See Gubio.

Euphrates, though I have discoursed shortly of this River already in the word Aferat, yet because I then wanted some Books that were necessary to give a full account of it, I will here enlarge upon what I there omitted. The first City of Note it washeth, is Baberd; the second Ezrum, so far as it runs West; then it turns South, and passeth by Arzingan and Maaraz, where it takes in Cobaqueb; and over against Ʋrpha, it receives a River which comes from Aleppo; so passing Bir, Rasseca, Belis, Chabuca, as far as Alchabar, it takes in from the East Soaid; and a little lower at Waset and Olim, falls into the Tigris: thus our latest Maps describe the Course of this vast River. The Learned Bochartus saith out of Pliny, Lib. 5. Cap. 26. that eighty three Miles beneath Zeugma, at Massicen, the Euphrates is divided; and on the left hand (the East) it goes into Mesopotamia by Selucia, a little beneath which, it entereth the Tigris. Ptolomy Lib. 5. Cap. 18. agrees with Pliny in this: then he mentions another Branch by the Name of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, the Kings River, or Cut: which by the Arabians is called Amelic; and by Ammianus, Naar-Malcha; which he interprets too the King's River, Lib. 24. which Abidenus saith, was digged by the Order of Nabuchodonozor. Pliny tells us, the reason of this Cut was to prevent the Drowning of Babylon in great Floods. More to the South was a third Branch, which went into the Tigris and Sur, upon which the great Babylon stood by the confession of Ptolomy, though in his Maps it is placed on the second. There was a fourth Branch went to the West, called Kulpa, now Cufa, about the Name of which they are not agreed; but the use of it was to fill a vast Lake on the West of Babylon. Now as to these Branches, the Arabian Geographers agree in these Divisions as still extant. And yet that Branch which went through Babylon, Theodoret saith, was very small, and perhaps now intirely lost. The first and second of the Eastern Branches are represented in our later Maps; and the Western Branch at Cufa; which appear all like Rivers running into the Euphrates, when as indeed they are Branches going out of it. The first is that which the Maps call Zab Major; the second has no Name, but it ought to pass streight to Bagdet; and that which is now the main Stream, seems to have forced its way in a new Channel, after the other was lost and dammed up by Time: the Lakes also to the West which were designed to receive the Waters in times of great Inundations, are filled up by the Mud and Sand, brought down by the River. However that Branch that runs to Cufa, never comes to any Sea, but is lost in the Sands of Arabia; and has turned the fruitful Plains of Babylon into a mere Morass or Bogg, unpassable, uninhabitable. This is the sum of what Mr. Bochart has related more at large. Both Pliny and Strabo agree, that it yearly overflows as the Nile does, and much about the same time; which Inundation has the same effect, as to the sertility of Mesopotamia, that the overflowing of the Nile has upon Egypt. M. Thevenot who crossed it at Bir, saith, it is in Semur not bigger than the Seine at Paris; though its Bed is twice as big. The Waters of it run very slowly, and are Navigable, as far as to the place where it joins the Tigris.

Evisse. See Ivica.

Evora, Ebora, is a very considerable City in Portugal in Alentejo; a Province of that Kingdom beyond the Tagus, (Taio) twenty Miles from Lisbon to the South-East. Long. 09. 00. Lat. 38. 11. This was anciently a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Merida, and afterward of Compostella. But Pope Paul III. at the desire of John III. King of Portugal in 1540. raised it to the Honor of a Metropolis; and Henry, the first Archbishop, who of a Cardinal became King of Portugal, made it an University. There is a Court of Inquisition kept here.

Evora Monte, a small Place five Leagues from the former Evora to the North-East, where the Portuguese gave the Spaniards a great overthrow in 1663.

Eure, Ebura, Autura, a River of France, sometimes called Yeure. It ariseth in la Perche, in the Wood Logni: and running Eastward through Beausse, it watereth Chartres; turning Northward, Nogent le Roy, Dreux, Jury, (famous for the Victory of Henry IV. over the Leaguers in 1590.) Passy, Eureux; at last it entereth the Seine at Ponte de P'arche, ten Miles above Caudebec. The rich and fruitful Valley D'Eure, has its Name from this River, and also Eureux in Normandy; and from one of these three, the Noble FAmily of d'Eureux lately Earls of Essex, now Viscounts of Hereford, take their Names. § Eure, a River in Berry. See Aure.

Eureux, Ebroica, Eburonicum, Mediolanum Aul•rcorum, a City in Ʋpper Normandy, upon the River Iton (which afterwards falls into the Eure), and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Rouen. Beautified with a great number of Churches and Monasteries: It is a place of good Antiquity, and a delightful Situation: heretofore subject to Counts of its own, who ceded it to King Philip the August in the year 1200. Charles IX. King of France erected it into a Dukedom in 1569. See Eure.

Euripus, called by the Ancient Latins, Euripus Euboicus and Chalcidicus, by the Italians, Stretto di Negroponte, by the Inhabitants now Egripos, is a Canal of the Aegean Sea, betwixt the Region of Boeotia in Achaia, and the Island of Negropont; so narrow in the narrowest passage, as to be covered with a Draw-Bridge of five Arches. And here, the inconstancy of its Flux and Reflux appears the most visibly: that is, whereas for eighteen or nineteen days in every Moon, Winter and Summer, in all Weathers, it regularly ebbs and flows twice in twenty four or twenty five hours with the Ocean and the Gulph of Venice, it most irregularly ebbs and flows for other eleven days in every Moon, 11, 12, 13, 14. times in the same compass of twenty four or twenty five hours. See Negroponte. The Bridge is defended by a Castle built by the Venetians.

Eurotas. See Iris. § It is also the ancient Name of a River of Thessalia, said by Homer, Strabo and Pliny, to glide upon the Top of the River Peneus (to which it runs) without mixing of Waters.

Eurymedon, a River of Pamphylia in Asia Minor, memorable for the Victory obtained by Simon, the Son of Miltiades, over the Persians upon the Banks of it. An. Romae, 284.

Euston, a small Town in the County of Suffolk, upon the Banks of the little Ouse, in a fair Champaigne Country. Deserving to be particularly taken notice of for the beautiful Euston-Hall, of the building of the late Earl of Arlington, and the Curiosities that are to be seen about it. In 1672. King Charles II. advanced this place to the Dignity of an Earldom in the Person of the late Duke of Grafton, upon his Marriage with the only Daughter of the said Earl of Arlington.

Ewel, a Market Town in the County of Surrey in the Hundred of Copthorn.

Ex, Isca, is a River of England: it ariseth in Somersetshire, and passing by Winesford, it takes in Dunsbrook River, or Creden from Dulverton on the West; then entering Devonshire, it runs directly South to Tiverton; where it takes in Loman River from the East; at St•cke it takes in Columb on the same side, and a little lower Credy from the West; then incompassing a great part of the North, West, and South of Exeter, a little lower it admits Clyst on the East, and Ken on the West; and so entereth the British Sea by a large Mouth.

Exeter, Isca, Isca Dunmoniorum, Exonia, is the principal City of Devonshire; called by the Welsh Caerisk, Caerrudh, and Pencaer, that is, the Principal City: Seated on the Eastern Bank of the River Ex, in a barren Soil, upon the Advantage of a small Hill, declining East and West; having a Dike, and a strong Wall for its Safety; in Compass about a Mile and a half, with extended Suburbs. There are in it fifteen Churches; and in the highest Part of the City, near the East Gate, a Castle, which of old was the Seat of the West Saxon Kings, and afterwards of the Earls of Cornwal; and near this, the Cathedral built by King Athelstan, in Honour of S. Peter. Edward the Confessor settled the Bishop's See here, which he removed from Kirton. It fell not into the Hands of the Saxons till four hundred sixty five years after their first coming over, viz. Anno Christi 914. when Athelstan banished the Britains, and fortified the City, and built the Cathedral. This City joining with the Rebels in 1640. was taken for the King by Prince Maurice, September 4. 1643. And being Garrisoned for the King, was again surrendred to the Parliament upon Terms, April 13. 1646. The Honourable John Cecil is Earl of Exeter, and the fifth of his Family; he succeded John Cecil his Father, in 1667. The Title of Marquess of Exeter was heretofore conferred by King Henry VIII. upon Henry Courtney, Earl of Devonshire: And likewise of Duke, by Henry V. upon Thomas Beaufort, Earl of Dorset; and by Richard II. upon John Holland, Earl of Huntington. The present Bishop of this Diocese, is the forty sixth since the Removal of this See from Kirton, about 1149. The sixty seventh from Aedulphus, who about 905. was made the first (at least Saxon) Bishop of Devonshire.

Extremadura. (See Estremadura.) § A Province of the Kingdom of Susa in Africa, near the Atlantick Ocean, and the Mountains of Atlas, in the Southern Borders of Morocco.

Extremos, a small Town upon the River Tera (which comes to fall into the Tajo) near Evora and Elvas, in the Province of Alentejo, in the Kingdom of Portugal.

Extuca, a Province in the Kingdom of Morocco, in Barbary; extended along the Sea Coast, towards the Mountain Atlas, and the Frontiers of Biledulgeridia.

Eychstat. See Aichstadt.

Eyder, Eidera, Egidora, a River of Denmark which ariseth above Rendsburgh; and dividing Holstein and Dithmarsh from the Dukedom of Sleswick, falls into the German Ocean at Tonning. This River denominates the Territory of Eyderstede in the said Dutchy.

Eye, or Eaye, Insula, a small Corporation in the County of Suffolk, near the Borders of Norfolk; so called, saith Mr Camden, because it is an Island; where are to be seen the Ruins of an old Castle which belonged to Robert Mallet, a Norman Baron; and of an ancient Benedictine Abbey, called S. Peter's. This Town has been given in Jointure with the Queens of England. After many other Changes in this Honour, Sir Frederick Cornwallis, (descended lineally from Sir John Cornwallis, Steward of the Houshold to Edward VI. and Sir Thomas Cornwallis, one of the Privy-Counsellors to Queen Mary, and Comptroller of her House,) was April 20. 1661. made Baron Cornwallis of Eye, by Charles II. to whose Interest and Service being ever entirely addicted, in the worst of Times, he had the Honour to be the second Coronation Baron; to whom succeeded Charles Lord Cornwallis his Son, who dying in 1673. Charles, the second of this Family, his Son, succeeded, and is now living. By the Favour of this Family (as I have heard), this small Corporation obtained its Charter, and the Honour of sending two Burgesses to the House of Commons: Otherwise the Place is very small and inconsiderable. It stands twelve Miles from Ipswich to the North, and seventeen from Norwich to the South, and in the Road between those two Places.

Eyerlandt. See Aland.

Eyndhoven, Endova, is a fine Town in the Territory of Kempen, upon the River Bommele; four Leagues from Boisleduc to the South, and almost the same from Helmont to the West. It had a College of Canons, and belonged to the Count de Buren. This is the Capital of that part of Kempen which lies in Brabant, and fell into the Hands of the Hollanders, in 1629. after they had taken Boisleduc, by a Siege of four Months Continuance; and they are still in Possession of it.

Eysenack, Isenachum, a small City in Thuringia, upon the River Nesa; eight Miles from Erford to the West. The River Nesa, a little below it, is taken into the VVerra. The Name of this City is written sometimes nearer the Latin, Isenach. It is under the Dominion of a Prince of the House of Saxony, the Duke of Weimar, with a small Territory belonging thereto. And has the Honour to be both a Dukedom and an University, which last was founded in the Year 1555.

=== F A (Book f) ===
FAenza, Faventia, a small City of Romandiola, in Italy, upon the River Lamone, (Anemo,) which falls into the Adriatick Sea; three Miles South of the Mouth of the Po; between Imola to the North and Forli to the South; twenty Miles from Ravenna to the West. It is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Ravenna; and under the Dominion of the Pope; only famous for Earthen Ware. The French call it Faience.

Faience, Faventia, a small City in Provence in France, upon the River Benzon; three Leagues from Grasse to the West, and six from the Mediterranean Sea. The Bishops of Frejus are Lords of it. The French call Faenza in Italy, Faience.

Faire-Foreland, Robodigum, the most North-East Country of Ireland, in the County of Antrim, in the Province of Ʋlster.

Faire-Isle, a Rock in the Caledonian Sea, between the Orkneys and Shetland; in which is the Castle Dumo.

Fairford, a Market-Town in Gloucestershire, in the Hundred of Brittlesbarrough.

Fakenham, a Market-Town in the County of Norfolk, in the Hundred of Gallow.

Falaise, Fallesia, Falesia, a Town in Normandy,

=== descriptionPage 139 ===
upon the River Ante, (which falls into the Dive at Morteaux,) seven Leagues from Caen to the South, and four from Argentan to the North-West. The principal Seat and Garrison of the first Dukes of Normandy. William the Conqueror, Natural Son of Robert II. Duke of Normandy, was born here. This Place was taken by the English from the French in 1417. There is now a round high Tower standing in it.

Cape Falcon, a Promontory, West of Oran, in Barbary.

Falconara, Assinarius, a River of Sicily: It flows by the Town of Noto, and falls into the Ionian Sea, between the Cape of Passaro, (Pachynum,) and the City of Syracuse; ten Miles from the Cape to the North, and twenty five from the City to the South. This River is made famous by the Defeat of the Athenian Forces here by the Syracusans, in the Year of the World 3537. which Victory being gained by the Assistance of the Lacedemonians, they took the Advantage of it, and at last, in 3546. took Athens, under Lysander.

Faleria, Faleris, a ruined City of the Province of Tuscany in Italy, mentioned by the Ancients. The Episcopal See, which it possessed formerly, was transferred to Civita Castellana, a City built nigh the Ruins of this.

Falernus, a Mountain of Campagna di Roma in Italy; famous for the excellent Wines growing upon it, which animated the ancient Poets so often to sing its Praises.

Falisci, an ancient People of Hetruria in Italy, who made War a considerable time with the Romans their Neighbours, till reduced by Camillus in the Year of Rome 360. They are said to have come hither out of Macedonia. The Capital of their Dominions was the ancient Faleria.

Falkenburg, or Valkenburg, a small Town in Brabant, upon the River Geule; two Leagues from Maestricht to the East, and four from Aquisgrane. It was under the Dominion of the Hollanders till 1672. when it was taken by the French and dismantled: But in 1678. returned under them again with Maestricht. This Town is called by the French Fauquemont; and in Antoninus his Itinerary, Coriovallum.

Falkland, a small Town in Scotland in the County of Fife; beautified with an ancient Retiring House of their Kings; and very commodious for the Pleasure of Hunting.

Fallekoping, or Falcoping, Falcopia, a Town in the Province of Westrogothia in the Kingdom of Sweden, five or six Leagues from Scaren.

Falmouth, Voluba, a noble Haven on the South of Cornwal, as great as Brundusium in Italy, and as safe: an hundred Ships may ride in it, out of sight each of other; secured by two Castles at its entrance, built by Henry VIII. In 1664. Charles II. Created Charles Lord Barkley, Earl of Falmouth, who was slain at Sea June 2. 1665. George Fitz-Roy, now Duke and Earl of Northumberland, was Created Vicount Falmouth, by the same Prince, Octob. 1. 1673. The old Roman Town Voluba, from which it had its name, is now totally ruined and gone; it stood higher up into the Land upon the River Valle, over against Tregony.

Falster, Falstria, Insula Dianae, an Island in the Baltick Sea, on the South of the Isle of Zeeland, from which it is parted only by a narrow Channel called Groene-Sund. It has one Town call'd Nykoping; and gives name to a good Family in Denmark.

Faluga-diabete, a small Island belonging to Sardinia; on the West of that Island.

Famagosta, Fama Augusta, called by the French Famagouste, is a very strong City in the Island of Cyprus, on the Eastern Shoar; which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Nicosia, and was of old called Arsinoe. This City has a large and a safe Port: And was taken by the Genouese in 1370. By the Venetians about 1470. and by the Turks from the Venetians, in the Year 1571. after a Siege of ten Months.

Famar, or Fanar, a Town at the Entrance of the Black Sea, in Thrace; four German Miles North of Constantinople.

Famar, Arietis Frons, Criumetopon, the most Southern Cape of the Little or Krim Tartary, Tanricia; which lies an hundred and fifty Miles from Constantinople to the North-East.

Famastro, Amastrus, a City upon the Euxine or White Sea, upon the East Side of the River Dolap, fifty Miles from Scutari East, and the same from Amasia North-West. It grew up out of the Ruins of four neighbouring Cities, to a vast greatness.

Fanar, Acheron, a River, and Town of Epirus.

Fanari-Kiosc, a Royal Pleasure House belonging to the Grand-Seignior, one League Distant from Constantinople and Galata; at the Entrance of the Streights of Constantinople; near the Port of Chalcedon in Natolia. Built by Solyman II. Vessels arriving upon this Coast by Night are lightned by a Fanal from hence.

Fano, Fanum Fortunae, an Episcopal City in the States of the Church, in the Dukedom of Ʋrbino. but not of it; twenty Miles from Ʋrbino to the East, and thirty seven from Ancona to the North. This was the Country of Clement VIII. his Father, a Florentine, living here as an Exile. The Temple of Fortune, which the Romans built in Memory of their Victory over Asdrubal, the Brother of Hannibal, in the Year of Rome 547. (wherein they slew Asdrubal himself, with 50000 Men) did stand near this City.

Fanshere, a River in the Island of Madagascar.

Fantin, a small Kingdom in Guiney, in Africa, where the English and Dutch have some Castles.

Fanu, an Island near Corfu to the North-West.

Fara, Pharan, a City and Mountain in the Stony Arabia, upon the Red-Sea; twenty Miles from Sues South, and from Eltor North, over against Dacata in Aegypt.

Farfar, Fabris, a small River in the State of the Church: It riseth near a Castle called Capo Farfar; and running to the North-East, it watereth a Monastery of the same Name; then falls into the Tibur. § Farfar, Farfaro, Fer, Orontes, a River of Syria, which ariseth from Mount Libanus; and running Northward, it watereth Apamia and the great Antioch; then falls into the Mediterranean.

Farham, a Market-Town in the County of Southampton. The Capital of its Hundred.

Faribo, Helicon, Haliarkmon, one of the most considerable Rivers of Macedonia; which rising out of the Mountains of Albania, and traversing the whole breadth of that Kingdom, from thence falls into the Bay of Thessalonica from the West, thirteen German Miles from Thessalonica to the South.

Farima, a City of Japan, eighteen Spanish Leagues from Meaco to the West; which is under the King of Japan now, but had heretofore a Prince of its own.

Faringdon, a Market-Town in Berkshire. The Capital of its Hundred.

Farne, an Island on the Coast of Northumberland, in the German Ocean; two Miles from Bamburg Castle; where S. Cuthbert built him an Hermitage, in which he took care to see nothing but Heaven, as Bede saith.

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Farneto, a Castle in the Dukedom of Florence in Italy, near Orvietto: Whence the Family of the Farnese, with a little Variation, is believed to derive their Name.

Farnham, a Market-Town in the County of Surrey. The Capital of its Hundred. Watered by the River Wey; and graced with the Episcopal Seat of the Bishop's of VVinchester. King Alfred made a great Slaughter of the Danes, in a Victory over them, here.

Faro, Pharus, a City of Spain, in Algarva, upon the Ocean, between Cape S. Vincent to the West, and the Mouth of the Guadiana to the East, near the Cape of S. Mary; seven Miles from Silves to the South-East.

Faro di Messina, Fretum Mamertinum, the Streight between Sicily and Italy.

Farsa, Pharsalus, a City of Thessalia, where the fate of the Empire of the World was determined, between Cesar and Pompey, by Battel. In some later Maps called Farsato.

Farsi, Persia.

Farso, a Town in Carmania, over against the Eastern Cape of Cyprus, 7 German Miles from the Mediterranean Sea; in Asia the Less.

Fartach. See Fertach.

Fasso, Phasis, a River in Mengrelia.

Fatigar, a Kingdom in Africa, which belonged formerly to the King of Ethiopia; between the great Lake of Arpen to the East, the Mountains of Felles to the North, the Kingdom of Olabi to the West, and that of Bara to the South; between 60. and 70. and 10 North Latitude.

Favagnana, Aegathos, Aegusa, Aethusa, an Island on the West of Sicily, near Cape Trepano, under the King of Spain; which has a Bay fit to receive the greatest Navies, near to which Luctatius Catulus the Consul gave the Carthaginians their last blow at Sea.

Faudoas, a Town and Castle in the Province of Gascoigne in France, adorned with the Title of a Barony, and giving its name to an honorable Family.

Fayal, one of the Azores in the Atlantick Ocean, under the Portuguese: little, but fruitful: having a Town of the same name, with others, in it.

Feldkirck, Feldkirkia, a small but well peopled Town in the Province of Tirol in Germany, upon the River Ill, towards the Frontiers of Switzerland. It is also written Widkirch, and carries the honor to be an Earldom.

Felin, or Welin, Felinum, a City of Livonia, upon the River Felin, in Esthonia, 150 Miles North of Riga; which has a strong Castle in it. In this place William of Furstemburgh, Master of the Teutonick Order, was betrayed by his own Subjects to the King of Sweden, in 1650. who has ever since possessed it.

Fella, Carnicum Julium, a Castle in Friuli, but on the Confines of Carniola, under the Venetians.

Felles, a Ridge of Mountains in Africa, extending from the North-East to the South-West, on the North of Egypt. See Fatigar.

Fello, Phellos, a City of Lycia, East of the River Xanthus, (or Lycus,) and West of the Chelidonii Scopuli, on the Shoars of Asia the Less.

Feltri, Feltria, a City in the Marchia Tarvisina, under the Commonwealth of Venice, upon the River Asona, which soon after falls into the Piave; forty two Italian Miles from Trent to the East. This is a Bishops See, under the Patriarch of Aquileja; and has been under the Venetians ever since 1404. Sometime written Feltre.

Femeren, Femerae, Fimeria, a small Island in the Baltick Sea, on the Shoars of Holstein, and Wagria, from which it is distant only four Miles: made famous by a Naval Victory, obtained by the Danes over the Swedes and Hollanders, in 1645.

Fenesia, Psillis, a River of Bithynia, in the Lesser Asia.

Ferden, Verda, a City of the Lower Saxony, called also Verden, which is the Capital of a Duchy of the same name; and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Mentz, by the institution of Charles the Great: It stands upon the River Aller, six Miles from Bremen to the East, and twelve from Hamburgh to the South: of old a Free Imperial City, afterwards subject to its own Bishop; but in the Treaty of Westphalia, it was given to the Swedes, who are still possessed of it: the Bishop of this City imbraced the Augustane Confession in 1568. The Dukes of Lunenburgh seized it in 1676. but were forced to restore it in 1679. to the Swedes.

La Fere, Fara, a strong City upon the River Oyze, in Picardy, in the Tract of Tierache, five Miles from S. Quintin to the South, and 4 from Laon to the North: it stands in a Morass, and was retaken by Hen. IV. after the Spaniards had gained it from the French.

La Fere Champenoise, a City of Champaigne in France, between the Seyne to the South, and the Marne to the North, eight Miles from Chalons to the South. § There is another called La Fere en Tardenois, in this Province too, in the middle between Melun to the West, and Reimes to the East.

Ferentino, or Fiorentino, Ferentinum, a City of Campagnia in Italy, under the Pope, which is a Bishops See, under none but him: It lies forty Italian Miles from Rome to the South, and eight from the Confines of the Kingdom of Naples to the North: a small place built on an Hill.

Ferento, Ferentiae, an antient City, ruined, of Hetruria in Italy, near Viterbo and Montefiascone. It had been an Episcopal See, before those of Viterbo destroyed it, upon an account of Heresie in 1074.

Ferenzuola or Fierenzuola, an Episcopal City in the Capitanata, in the Kingdom of Naples. Adorned with a famous Abbey, and made remarkable in antient History by the Victory of Sylla over M. Carbo here in the year of Rome 672.

Fermanagh, Fermanagensis Comitatus, a County of Ʋlster in Ireland, in which lies Earne, the greatest Lake in that Kingdom. There is never a City or Town of note in this County; and therefore it need be no further considered.

Fermo. See Firmiana.

Fernes, Fernae, a City in the County of Wexford in Ireland, with an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Cashel now, but formerly of Dublin.

Feroe Islands. See Foeroe.

Ferrandina, a Town in the Kingdom of Naples, in the Basilicate, upon the River Basiento; 18 Miles from the Sea to the West, and 12 from Matera to the South-West: built by Ferdinando, Duke of Calabria, Son of Alphonsus II. King of Naples; and since honored with the Title of a Dukedom.

Ferrara, Ferraria, a City of Italy, under the Dominion of the Pope, and the Capital of the Dukedom of Ferrara; which under the Family of Este, was so improved and augmented, that it became one of the best Cities of all Italy: made a Bishops See by Pope Vitaliano: 30 Miles from Bologna. It was so small in the time of Theodosius junior, that it was called Ferrariola, the little Ferrara: It stands on the smallest branch of the Po, (Po Morto,) from which there is a cut of six Miles, as far as Francolino Westward, for promoting of Trade; but since 1598, when it came into the Popes hands, this City has been decaying; which the Castle built by Clement

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VIII. has not been able to prevent, though that Pope placed there his Image, with this inscription; Ne recedente Pado Ferrariae Fortitudo recederet, Martem Neptuno substituit; that is, Least the recess of the Po should weaken Ferrara, he has brought Mars to supply the want of Neptune. His Holiness was however mistaken, as the event has shewn; for Neptune and Mercury, tending equally to the wealth and welfare of a City, are much more auspicious Patrons than Mars. There was a League made here against the Protestants in 1586. The Council of Florence was begun here in 1438; (after a declaration of the dissolution of that of Basil made by P. Eugenius IV.) John Paleologus VII. Emperour of Constantinople, with his Patriarch, being personally present An University was settled by Frederick I. in aversion to Bononia, about 1316. The Dukedom of Ferrara, is a part of Romandiola: bounded by the Peninsula of Rodighnia; (which formerly belonged to this Dukedom, but was taken from it by the Venetians in 1500.) on the West, by the Dukedom of Mantona; on the South by Romandiola, properly so called; and on the East by the Adriatick Sea. It was under the Family de Este, from 1336. to 1598. when upon the death of Alphonsus II. without Heirs Males, it was seized by Pope Clement VIII. as Lord of the Fee, against the pretensions of that Branch de Este, which are now Dukes of Mantoua; a Dukedom then a dependent on this of Ferrara. The Tract adjacent, called Ferrarese, assumes its name from it.

Ferreri, or the Island of Iron, is the most Western of all the Canary Islands: and more particularly mentioned by Writers for a tree, supplying the Inhabitants with water (whereof there is none elsewhere in all the Island), by a distillation from its branches. Pet. Martyr, le Blanc, Thevet, &c.

Ferrete. See Pfirt.

Ferriers, Ferraria, a small Town in the Territory de Gastinois, towards the Confines of Senois; two Leagues from Montargis to the North, and twenty three from Paris to the South; which has a very famous Monastery in it.

Ferro, Calycadnus, a River in Cilicia.

Fertach, Syagros, Sapphar, Fartachium, a City and Kingdom on the South of Arabia Foelix, which lies about eighty German Miles from Aden to the South, in almost Long. 85. Lat. 15. 24. a hundred and thirty Miles from the entrance of the Red Sea to the South.

La Ferte-Aleps, or Alais, a Town in the Isle of France, three Leagues from Estampes to the East, and eight from Paris to the South. As this word La Ferté signifies a Fort or place of Strength, so it frequently occurreth in the Maps of France.

La Ferte sur Aube, Firmitas ad Albulam, a Town in Champagne, four Miles from Bar to the South, and twenty from Dijon to the North.

La Ferte-Bernard, Firmitas Bernardi, a Town in the Province of Maine in France, upon the River Huisne, ten or twelve Leagues below Mans. It bears the Title of a Barony.

La Ferte-Gaucher, a small Town in the Province of Brie in France, betwixt Meaux, Sezane, and Provins.

La Ferte sur Grosne, a Town in Burgundy, two Leagues from Challon to the South.

La Ferte-sous-Iovare, Firmitas Auculphi, or Subter Jotrum, a Town in la Brie Campanoise in France, upon the River Marne, betwixt Chateau-Thierry and Meaux. The Huguenots took it in the Civil Wars of the last Age.

La Ferte-Milon, Firmitas Milonis, a Town in the Government of the Isle of France, upon the River Ourc or Oureque, betwixt Meaux, Soissons, and Senlis, in the Dutchy of Valois. It is a good large Town, and suffered very much in the last Age's Civil Wars.

Fervaques, Aquae fervidae, a small Town of Bathes, of warm water, in Lieuvin in Normandy; two miles and an half from Lisieux to the South, and three from Roan to the South-West: it is a very small place.

Ferventia, Fons Agri Carrinensis, a Bath in Portugal, in a Village called Cadima, two Miles from the Ocean, and the same distance from Coimbra to the West: this Fountain is mentioned by Pliny.

Fescennia, an antient Town of Hetruria in Italy: the same with the Citta Castellana, says Ortelius; with Galeso, says Cluverius, of the Moderns. Noted to a Proverb amongst the old Romans for a sort of jesting wanton Poetry.

Feschamp, a Town in Normandy, on the British Sea, four Miles from Le Haure, and the mouth of the Seyne to the North.

Fessole or Fiezzole, Fesulae, an antient City in the Dukedom of Florence in Italy, one of the twelve considerable Cities heretofore of Hetruria, being the residence of the Thuscan Augurs; and afterwards a Bishops See. There is a Treatise written by Francis Diaceti, sometimes Bishop here, of the Saints of this City.

Fetu, or Foetu, a small Kingdom in Africa, in Guiney, with a City called also Foetu, upon the Coast dell' Or, towards Cape Corso.

Feversham, a Market Town in the County of Kent, in Scray Lath, with a good Port for small Vessels. King Stephen, with his Queen, and Eustace his son, were all buried here in an Abbey of that King's foundation. The right Honorable Lewis de Duras enjoys the Title of Earl of this place.

Feurs, Forum Segusianum, a Town in the upper Foretz in Lionnois in France, five Leagues from Lion to the West, and six from Rohanne to the North, upon the Loire.

Fez, one of the greatest Cities in Africa, but now declining: It is the Capital of a Kingdom of the same name, in the West of Barbary; said to have been built by the Moors in 786. It is divided into three parts: Beleida, a part of Old Fez, which contains four thousand Families; Old Fez, properly so called, in which are eight hundred Families; and New Fez, which has about eight thousand Families. Old Fez, the most Western, lies upon Hills and Valleys intermixed; and has fifty Mosques very beautiful, besides six hundred small ones. The New Fez lies in a most pleasant Plain, with a double Wall, very high and strong; and stands near the River Ʋnion, above a Mile from Old Fez. The learned Ortelius tells us, Fez in the Arabick Tongue signifies Gold: that the City Fez is built in the middle of the Kingdom, and the greatest part of it upon Mountains and Hills; so that there is no Plain but in the middle: that the River entereth into the City by two ways only; and then diffuseth it self into innumerable Branches and Channels; so that there is scarce a private House that has not a Branch of the River belonging to it; and that the rest of the water passing through the Common Sewers, do cleanse the City. The greatest part of the Houses are built of Stone or painted Brick: that each House has a Tower for their divertisement. The great Mosque called Carruen, is half a Mile in compass, with thirty one Gates of vast height. And the Library is said to contain, besides a great number of other books, two thousand Volumes of Manuscripts in the Arabick Language. The Territory belonging to it extends from the River Burgrage to the River Gnave; and on the North from the River Suba, to the foot of Mount Atlas

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South; which is called the Province of Fez, and by the Romans, Volubilis. This Kingdom of Fez was erected by Abdulack in 1212, and long since united to the Kingdom of Morocco. This Kingdom was a part of Mauritania Tingitana, and has for a Century of years and more, suffered great and srequent Mutations and Insurrections. They are the greatest Bigots of all that imbrace the Mahometan Faith; and the most bitter and implacable enemies of the Christian Religion; having totally extirpated it in those Regions, where there were once many great and flourishing Churches. The Kingdom of Fez is bounded on the North by the Streights of Gibra tar, and the Mediterranean; on the West by the Atlantick Ocean; on the South by the Kingdom of Morocco, from which it is divided by the River Azamor; and on the East by the Kingdom of Algier: now by reason of their great intestine Wars, much depopulated and ruined.

Fezzen, or Fessen, a Province of Biledulgerida in Africa, which is a Desart.

Fiano, a Castle in St. Peter's Patrimony in Italy, upon the Tibur, 15 Miles North of Rome, ennobled with the Title of a Dukedom.

Fianone, Flanona, Flavona, a Town and Port of the Province of Histria in Italy, upon the Adriatick; belonging to the Republick of Venice. It stands advanced upon a high hill.

Fidari, Lycormas, a River of Aetolia, which washeth Calidon, now Galata, a Village on the Bay of Thessalonica, on the Archipeiago.

Fidonisi, Achillea, an Island in the Euxine Sea: and also a Peninsula called of old Dromos Achillis, at the mouth of the Borysthenes, on the Eastern side. It seems to be the same with Zagori.

Fiechtelberg, Suditi & Hercinii Montes, a Ridge of Mountains which incircle Bohemia, and divide it from Franconia to the West; whence spring these great Rivers; 1. Moenus, the Mayn, which entereth the Rhine at Mentz. 2. Sala, the Saal, which falls into the Elb at Bernberg. 3. Egra, the Eger, which falls into the Elb, at Deutmeritz in Bohemia. 4. Nabus, the Nab, which falls into the Danube above Ratisbone. See Eichtelberg.

Fiesco, a City of Caria, called anciently Phusca, in the later Maps Fischio; a little more north than the Isle of Rhodes, and on the Mediterranean Sea.

Fife, Fifa, a County in Scotland, between the Fyrth of Tay to the North, that of Edinburg to the South, the German Ocean to the East, and Strathern and Menteith to the West. It is one of the greatest in Scotland, as being eighty four Scotch Miles in circuit; also one of the most fruitful and best inhabited parts of that Kingdom; full of considerable Towns and Places; the principal of which is S. Andrews, the Metropolitan See of that Kingdom.

Figalo, Actium, a most celebrated Promontory of Epirus. See Actium.

Figeac, Figeacum, a small City of France in Quercy, a Southern Province of that Kingdom, upon the River Sele, nine Leagues from Caors to the East, twenty eight from Tholouse to the North-East.

Figenia, Ephesus, a City of Ionia.

Filadelphia, Philadelphia, a City of Lydia, in the Les•er Asia, at the foot of Mount Tmoli, upon the River Caystrus, now Chiai, thirty two German Miles East of Smyrna. It is called by the Turks Allachars, or Alla-Scheyr; that is, the City of God: of old an Episcopal See, under Sardus, but now the Metropolis, and in a tolerable Estate under the Turks: being built amongst the Hills and Mountains, it has in all times been much subject to the violence of Earthquakes. This is one of the seven Churches of Asia, mentioned in the Revelations, Long. 57. 41. Lat. 40. 15. There is here now about two hundred Houses of Christians, and four Churches. It preserved it self against the Turks, after all the rest of Asia was conquered, under Orchanes, and the two Morats, till the time of Bajazet I. who began his Reign in 1387, reigned nine years, and then was taken by Tamerlane. And as they held out longer, so they submitted on better terms: God having preserved them, as he promised he would, even from the perfidy and rage of those destroyers. See Revel. 3. 8, 10. Wheeler's Travels, p. 265.

Fillech, Fillechum, a City of the Upper Hungary, five German Miles from Agria to the North, and the same from Cassovia to the West. It stands on the Road which leads from Presburg, to the Cities in the Mountains, upon the River Gayen, which falls into the Danube over against Gran, in the County of Zabel. There was here a Castle; and the Town being a Frontier, was walled and very strong: taken by the Turks in 1560, retaken by the Imperialists in 1593. Again taken by the Bassa of Great Waradin in 1682. And because he and the Tekelites could not agree about it, he dismantled and deserted it.

Filippo, Philippi, a City of Macedonia, on the Confines of Thrace; seated on a steep Hill, about five German Miles from the Archipelago to the West, on the Golfo de Contessa; either built or repaired by Philip King of Macedonia, from whom it has its Name. It was afterwards a Roman Colony, and mentioned as such in the Acts of the Apostles. S. Paul preached the Christian Faith here, and wrote one of his Epistles to this Church: also famous for a Battel fought near it between Pompey and Cesar; and another between Augustus and Cassius. In the Primitive times it was an Archbishops See, but almost buried in its own Ruines now, and desolate. See Acts 16. 12.

Filippopoli, Philippopolis, called by the Turks Filibe, and Presrem, is a City and an Archbishops See in Thrace, upon the River Hebrus, now Meriza; an hundred Miles from Constantinople, ninety from Philippi to the West. Here was an Arrian Synod held in 349. And here Julian the Apostate was, when he received the news of the Death of Constantius; and thereupon discovered his concealed Apostacy. Frederick Barbarossa I, in 1189, took this and Adrianople from the Turks, which was retaken from the Christians by Amurath in 1359. This City was built by Philip the Roman Emperor, and is now in a flourishing condition; the Seat and Residence of a Turkish Sangiack, or Governor, under the Pacha of Romania.

Final, or Finale, Finalium, a strong Town, well fortified, with a Marquisate belonging to it, upon the Coasts of the Sea of Genoua in Italy, betwixt Savona and Albengua. The Marquisate is not above six miles in length, and is bounded at each end with the points of the Mountains. They both belong to the King of Spain, who surprized them in 1602, and caused the last person of the House of Carreto (that for a long time before had been the Proprietors thereof) to be put to death.

Finichia, one of the present Names of Cilicia, a Province of the Lesser Asia next Syria.

Finkeley, a Village in the Bishoprick of Durham, in Chester Ward: mentioned in the Councils by the name of Finchala and Fincenhala: there having been a Council held at it in the year 798. by Eanbald Archbishop of York.

Finland, Finlandia, Fenni, Finnia, Fionnonia, is a very spatious Country; heretofore a distinct Kingdom, but now subject to the Crown of Sweden, and distinguished with the Title of a Dukedom belonging to the King of Sweden's sons. Bounded on the North by Desarts or unknown Countries, from which it is separated by the Lake and River Ʋla Tresk: on the West it has the Botner Sea, a Branch of the Baltick; on the South the Bay of Finland, another Branch of it; and on the East, the Dominions of the Great Duke of Muscovy. It contains several very great Provinces, as Ciania, Tavasthia, Nylandia, Carelia, Savolaxia, and Finland properly so called; which is the most Southern and most noble. Aboa a Town upon the River Aurojoki, over against the Isle of Aland, is the Capital of this Kingdom▪ and the Seat of the Swedish Viceroy. This Kingdom was first conquered to the Crown of Sweden in 1384, by Erick one of their Kings. In 1571, the Muscovites intending a Conquest fell into it with a Savageness and Cruelty hard to be expressed, or believed; but were recalled by an Irruption of the Tartars upon their own Countries. It is called by the Inhabitants and Swedes, Finner; by the Danes, Finder; by the Germans, Fennen; by the Dutch, Finlander. Cluverius saith, it is a considerable part of the Kingdom of Sweden; and that it is fruitful, and affords excellent Pasturage.

Finmark, Finmarchia, called by the Inhabitants Taakemarch and Finmark, is a Province of the Kingdom of Norway, on the Western Ocean. The Southern part of it is subject to the Danes; the Northern to the Swedes. This Country is barren, rocky, covered with dreadful Woods, full of Bears and Wolves, and other ravenous Beasts: the Inhabitants till of late lived in Summer, like the Nomades, wandring from place to place, as the convenience of Water and Pasture invited them. The Princes under whom they now are, to reduce them from this vagrant way of living, granted the Lands to the first Occupant, by which means some parts are improved; but the more barren can be used no other way, and therefore are left still in common. The Inhabitants are a mongrel sort of Christians, extreamly ignorant and barbarous; infamous for Witchcraft, revengeful beyond belief, and as rugged as the Country they inhabit.

Fionda, a small Village on the Shoars of the Mediterranean Sea, in the Lesser Asia, in the Confines of Lycia and Pamphylia; which in the Roman times was called Phaselis, and before Pityussa: it lies East of the Chelidonian Rocks, and West of Mount Masicytus, two hundred and twenty English Miles from the most Western Cape of Cyprus. A Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Myra, now Stramita: but so very small, that little notice is taken of it in the ••ter Maps.

Fionia. See Fuynen.

Fionissi, Lyssus, a Town in Creet (Candia), on the Western Shoar; near the most Southern Cape of that Island.

Fiore, Ossa, a River of Italy, in the Dominions of the Great Duke of Florence, which falls into the Mediterranean Sea at Telemont, a small Sea-Port belonging to Sienna.

Fiorenza. See Florence.

Firando, a City and Kingdom of Japan, in that part which is called Ximo; to which there belongs an Island of the same Name, on the Western Shoar also.

Firi, Maxera, Mazeras, a River of Hyrcania, which falls into the Hyrcanian Sea.

Firmiana, Firmanorum Castrum, a small Castle on the Adriatick Sea, in the Marca Anconitana, near the Mouth of the River Tinna: now commonly called Fermo; thirty Italian Miles from Ancona to the South, and an Archbishops See.

Fischio, Phusca, a Maritim City of Caria, in the Lesser Asia, over against the Isle of Rhodes, about eighty four English Miles from Ephesus to the South. In the later Maps, it is placed much more to the East than the Isle of Rhodes.

Fishgard, a Market Town in Pembrokeshire▪ in the Principality of Wales, and the Hundred of Kemeys.

Fismes, Fimae, ad fines, a Town in the Province of Champaigne in France, upon the River Vesle. Two Councils have been assembled at it in the years 881 and 935, which write it, Finibus apud Sanctam Macram, from a Stone ('tis supposed) that serves as a Boundary, hard by, to the Bishopricks of Rheims, Laon, and Soissons.

Flagania. See Paphlagonia.

Flaiz, Flaicus, an Isle of France. belonging to Santoigne.

Flamborough-head, a noted Promontory in the East Riding of Yorkshire; two Miles from Burlington Bay: so called from the small Town, Flamborough, standing in it.

Flanders, Flandria, by the Natives call'd Vlaenderen, is the greatest and noblest of those Seventeen Provinces called the Low Countries: Bounded on the East with Hainault and Brabant; on the West with the British Ocean; on the North with the Seas of Zealand; and on the South in part by Artois, and in part by Hainault and Picardy: of which Artois was at first a part, and after five or six descents, reunited again to it. This Province, saith Ortelius, is most excellent Pasture, especially towards the West. It affords excellent Kine, and warlike Horses; and abounds in Butter, Cheese, and excellent Wheat. The People are much given to Merchandize and Cloathing; their Linnen (having plenty of Flax and Hemp) exceeds all other Countries; and as to Woollen, they having the Wooll from Spain and England, improve it by their industry to a wonder, and then supply all the World with the Product. But in this the zeal of Philip II. King of Spain, has altered the state of things in a great degree. This Province has twenty eight walled Towns or Cities, a thousand one hundred and fifty Villages; besides Forts, Castles, and Noble Mens Houses; and a great number of Abbeys, Priories, Colleges, and Monasteries. It has five Viscounties, three Principalities, four Ports, and thirty one Chatellanies. The principal of which in Ortelius his time was Gaunt. This great Province was divided into three Parts; 1. Flanders Flammengant, bounded on the East by the Imperial Flanders, and the Scheld; on the West by the British Seas; on the North by the Seas of Zealand; and on the South with Artois and Flanders Gallicant; the principal City of which was Gaunt. 2. Imperial Flanders, so called, because it was a Fee of the Empire; divided from Brabant, on the East by the River Dender; and from the Gallick Flanders on the West by the Scheld; on the North it has the River Dender, and on the South Hainault; the principal Town of this is Alost, whence it is now commonly called the County of Alost. 3. Flanders Gallicant, so called, because the French Tongue was heretofore most spoken in it. This has Hainault on the East, Artois on the South, the British Sea on the West, and Flanders Flammigant on the North; from which it is parted by the River Leye; the chiefest Town is L'isle, Insula. First united to France by Dagobert one of their Kings; by whom about 621. it was granted to Liderick de Buque, with the Title of Forester. In 864. it was granted to Baldwin I. by the Title of Earl of Flanders, the Sovereignty being reserved to France, whose Homagers these Earls were. This Earldom by the Marriage of Philip Duke of Burgundy with Margaret Daughter of Lewis de Malatin Earl of Flanders in 1369. came into the House

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of Burgundy; and so to the House of Austria by the Marriage of Mary Daughter and Heir of Charles the Hardy, to Maximilian Emperor of Germany, in 1476. in which Family it still is. This though the prime Earldom of all Europe, yet was a Homager to the Crown of France; till Charles V. having taken Francis I. his Prisoner in the Battel of Pavy in Italy, by a Treaty at Madrid, infranchised it from that Servitude. Since the time of Philip II. it has been extreamly curtailed and harassed; many of the Inhabitants flying then into England, not only depopulated, but impoverished it by carrying away its Trade. And the Hollanders Revolting, not only added to this Calamity by a War of forty years continuance, but took from them several Towns in the Northern parts. Of later times, the French have made the same devastations on the Southern, so that not above half Flanders is now left to the Spaniards, and that in a weak and declining condition.

Flassans, a small Village in Provence, in the Diocese of Fre•us: remark'd for giving name to an eminent Poet of that Country in the thirteenth Century; as likewise in the person of Sieur de Flassans, sirnamed the Knight of the Faith, for his zeal against the Huguenots of Provence in 1562.

Flatholm, an Island in the Severn, over against Somersetshire.

Flavigni, Flaviniacum, a small Town in the Tract of Auxois in Burgundy, betwixt Dijon and Samur, upon a little River near the antient Alize. There stands an Abbey of the Benedictines in it.

La Fleche, a Town in the Province of Anjou in France, upon the Loyre, towards the Frontiers of Maine. Henry le Grand founded a College of Jesuits there in 1603: whose heart is interred in the same.

Flensburg, Flensburgum, a City of the Kingdom of Denmark, on the South of Jutland, upon the Bay of Flens, on the Baltick Sea, in the Dukedom of Sleswick, four German Miles West of the Isle of Alsen, and 6 from Frederichstad to the North-East. It is but small, seated on high Hills with a large Haven, and a strong Castle. The City is under the King of Denmark; but the Territory which belongs to it, is under the Duke of Holstein Gottorp. Christian V. King of Denmark was born here in the year 1646.

Flerus, a Village in the County of Namur, below Charleroy, near the Sambre; rendered remarkable by the Battel betwixt the French and Dutch Armies, on July 1. 1690. fought upon the Plains thereof, with the Victory to the French.

Fleury, or S. Benoît sur Loyre, Floriacum, a small Town which has a noble and an ancient Monastery of the Order of S. Benedict, whose Body lies interred therein: seated upon the Loir, nine Leagues from Orleans to the East. It stands, according to some, in Le Gastinois; to others, in the Dukedom of Orleans; and deserves to be remembred for the sake of Hugo Floriacensis, a Learned Monk of this House, who wrote a loyal and a christian Discourse concerning the Origine of Monarchy, which he dedicated to Henry II. King of England; Published by Baluzius in his fourth Tome of Miscellanies. § There is another Fleury in the Dukedom of Burgundy, upon the River Ousche; three Leagues from Dijon to the West: A third in Biere, which has a Priory; and a fourth in the Isle of France.

Fliez, Phligadia, a Mountain in Sclavonia. Lazius placeth it in Liburnia, upon the Adriatick Sea.

Flie, Flevo, an Island at the Mouth of the Rhine, which has a fine Haven, and a rich Town. It stands at the entrance of the Zuidersee, near the Texel. The English Fleet under Sir Robert Holms, entred this Port in 1666: burnt one hundred sixty five Sail of Ships, and took and burnt the Town of Schelling, which is the chief of that Island.

Flintshire, one of the twelve Shires in Wales; bounded on the North with an Arm of the Irish Sea, which parts it from Cheshire, on the East of it; and on all the other Quarters, by Denbighshire. It is Hilly, but not mountainous; fruitful in Wheat and Barley, but especially Rie: upon the Northern Shoar stands Flint Castle, which gives name to the whole Shire; begun by Henry II. and finished by Edward I. wherein Richard II. renounced the Crown of England. Whereupon Henry Duke of Lancaster claimed it, and intailed a War on the English Nation, that bid fair for its Ruine. The Title of Earl of Flint belongs to the Prince of Wales.

Flix, a strong Castle upon the River Ebro in Catalonia, supposed to be the old Ibera.

S. Florentin, a Town of France in Senois, in Champagne.

Florence, Florentia, one of the principal Cities of Italy, called by Pliny, Fluentia; by the Italians, Fiorenza; and proverbially epitheted La bella, from its great beauty. The Capital of the Province of Toscany and the Residence of the Great Duke. It was built by Sylla's Soldiers in the Year of Rome 675, seventy six years before the Birth of our Saviour, upon the River Arno, which passeth through it, and is covered by four stately Bridges within the Walls. It is five, or as others say, seven Miles in compass: paved with Stone, adorned with large Streets, and stately magnificent Buildings, both publick and private; to the Beauty of which the natural Ingenuity of the Citizens has contributed very much; no place having afforded more excellent Architects, Painters and Carvers, than this, as Schottus observes. It is seated in a gentle and healthful Air, upon a great and a navigable River; surrounded with a delicate Plain, pleasant Hills, high Mountains; and abounding in whatsoever is valuable or useful; said to contain above seven hundred thousand Souls. It may justly own Charles the Great for its Founder, who in 902, enlarged, and new Walled it; adding one hundred and fifty Towers, an hundred Cubits high; from whenceforward it began to flourish, though it suffered very much from the Factions of the Guelphs and Gibellins, that is, the Imperial and Papal Parties. This City purchased its Liberty of Rodolphus the Emperor about 1285, after which they subjected many of their Neighbours; but were never quiet from Foreign Wars, or Intestine Divisions, till they fell under a second Monarchic Government: in the interim Pope Martin V. advanced the Bishop to an Archbishop, in 1421. Nor is it less remarkable for a Council held here for uniting the Greek and Latin Churches; which began in 1439, and ended in 1442. Nor is the Death of Jerome Savanarola to be forgotten, who was burnt here in 1494, for reproving the Vices of those who love them too well to part with them. It surrendred it self to Charles V. in 1529, who granted it the year following to Alexander de Medices his Son in Law, with the Title of a Dukedom, under which Family it still is; enlarged in Bounds, but perhaps diminished in Wealth and People. Besides the Council I mention, there have been many other held here, which for brevity I must omit; as also the vast number of excellent Men here born; the noble Library, call'd Bibliotheca Laurentiana, which is one of the best in the whole World for Manuscripts; the excellent Pieces of Architecture, Sculpture and Painting (of which sort this City shews some Pieces drawn by John Cimabac, who about 1200, began to revive the Art of Painting in Italy, before which this Art was only exercised by Greeks) and many other Rarities

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plentifully enough here to be found. It has three Citadels, built by its Dukes at several times. They observe, that the politeness of the Italian Tongue shines in its greatest perfection here, tho not so well pronounced as by the Romans: whence that Country Proverb, La lingua Toscana in bocca Romana. The praise whereof is in great part to be ascrib'd to the famous Academy della Crusca, Authors of the Italian Vocabulary, established in this City. Long. 34. 03. Lat. 43. 15.

Florensac, a Town in Provence, seated on a River, nine Miles from Narbonne to the North-East, and six from Frontignan to the West.

Flores, or Isla de Flores, one of the Azores in the Atlantick Ocean, under the Portuguese.

Florida, a very large and fruitful Country in the North America; so called because the Spaniards discovered it on Palm Sunday, which in their Language they call Parcua de Flores, in 1512. The English had before this discovered it; Sebastian Cabot, sent by Henry VII. in 1479, to find a way to the East-Indies by the West, being the very first European that landed here. But the Spaniards went further, searched throughly, and took Possession of it for the King of Spain: however, the English have renewed their old Claim, and taken Possession of the more Northern Part by the name of Pensilvania, of which I shall speak in due time. The Inhabitants call Florida, Jaquasa; it lies parallel with Castile in Spain, and said to be of the same temper both for Air and Soil, but abundantly more fruitful. Bounded on the North-East with Virginia; on the East with Mar del Nort; on the South, and some part of the West with the Bay of Mexico; and on the rest of the West with New Gallicia, and some Countries not yet discovered. It extends from the River of Palms 25 degr. of Lat. to Rio de Secco, in Long. 34. which evidently shews▪ that it is a large Country. The Spaniards have only two Castles in the Southern Parts, S. Matthew, and S. Augustin. It lies in breadth where it is narrowest thirty Miles, and in other parts an hundred: towards the North beyond Florida is Canada. The whole Country is flat; abounds with Rivers, which make it over-moist; but towards the Sea it is more sandy. In 1520, and 1524, Lucas Ʋsquez invaded it to find Men to work in the Mines. In 1528, Pamphilus Narviesius travelled over it. In 1528, Ferdinandus Soto went thither after Peru was conquered, with three hundred Horse, and four hundred Foot, to look for Gold; but finding none returned empty and discontented, bestowing only the Name of Florida upon the Country. In 1549, Charles V. sent some Priests thither to Convert the Natives; but the Natives destroyed them. Under Charles IX. of France, in 1562, Charles Ribald sailed thither, made a League with the Inhabitants, and built Charles Fort, setling a French Colony. And in 1564. Renatus Laudonerius was kindly treated by the Natives; which the Spaniards observing, and fearing, they surprised the French, and hanged not only the meaner sort, but many Gentlemen too. In 1576. Dominic Gurges, a Gascoign, manned out a Ship at his own cost and charge, and retook Charles Fort, repaying the Spaniards in their own kind. The Spaniards (who were then much in the favour of the French) had like to have been too hard for him at his return. The Soil is very fruitful, yields plenty of Sassafras, and may have rich Mines; but the Inhabitants take no pains to find them, and not much to Till the Earth, which yields them two Crops of Maze in each year, one in March, and another in June: this is the natural bread of the Country, by which, and Hunting only, the Natives subsist. Who are of Olive Complexions, great of Stature, go Naked, except what they are more concerned to hide; naturally lovers of War, out of a revengeful and unquiet Temper.

Flumica, Crimisa, a River of Calabria Citerior, which falls into the Bay of Taranto, near Capo dell' Alice; four Miles from the Promontory of Santa Maria di Leuca; which is the most South-Eastern Cape of Italy and Europe to the West. The Cape, the Village dell' lo Zeiro, and il Capo dell' Alice, were by the ancient Geographers called Crimisa, as well as the River, though they have now three several names.

Flushing, Ʋlissinga, Flissinga, is a Maritime Town in the Province of Zeeland in the Low Countries; seated on the Mouth of the Scheld, in the Isle of Walcheren, one League from Middleburgh, upon the most Southern point of that Island. It has a very convenient Haven, and the intire Command of the Scheld; without whose License no Ship can pass up the River to Antwerp. One of the first Towns the Hollander took by surprize from the Spaniards in 1572. by the diligence of Vorst a Seaman, and one Monsieur de Berland, the Bailiff thereof. Then a mean place, of no great strength or consideration; but since fortified by the Hollanders, to the utmost degree of human Art. This, the Briel, and Fort of Ramekins, were, in 1585. put into the hands of Queen Elizabeth, as Cautionary Towns for the repayment of such Monies as she should expend in their Protection against the Spaniards: and the famous Sir Philip Sidney was made by her the first Governor of it. But in 1616. King James I. resigned all again into the hands of the Hollanders. The Prince of Orange is the Proprietor of this Town. It is the key of the Sea of the Low Countries. See Cadiz. § In the Island of Tabago in the Southern America, the Hollanders built a Fortress, and call'd it New Flushing: which the French took and rased in 1677.

Fluvian, Clodianus, a River of Catalonia, commonly called El Llobregat; it ariseth from the Pyrenean Hills, near Junquera in the borders of France and Rousillon; and falls into the Mediterranean Sea near Empures, or Poret; almost seven Miles from Perpignan to the North, and two from Narbonne to the South.

Fochien, or Fokien, a Province in China; bounded on the North by Chekiam, on the West by Kiamsi, on the South by Quamtum, and on the East by the Chinian Ocean: between 24. and 27. deg. of Latitude. It is said to contain eight Cities, whereof Fochen is the chief; forty eight walled Towns, and 509200 Families.

Fodway, a City in the Lower Hungary, which was formerly an Archbishops See: stands in view of Colocza, a City twelve Miles distant from Buda.

Foeroe, Feroae, Provincia Feroensis, Insulae Farenses, by the Inhabitants called Feroier, is a Province subject to the King of Denmark as King of Norway; consisting of 17 Islands in the Northern Ocean, which have Norway on the East; Orkney and Scotland on the South-East; Greenland on the West, and Iseland on the North-West; under 62 deg. 10. min. of Lat. separated by deep and rapid Waters; from one Mile long to 24, and from one to eight broad; extending from North to South sixty Miles, in breadth above forty; all cultivated and inhabited. Their Names are Fugloe, Suinoe, Wideroe, Bordoe, Kunoe, Kalsoe, Osteroe, Nolsoe, Stromoe, (which is the largest) Waagoe, Myggeness, Kolster, Hestoe, Sandoe, Skuoe, Slorediemen, and Sudoroe. In Stromoe there is a good Harbor called Thorsehaven; where the general Commerce of the Land is established,

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and the King's Contributions kept, under the Protection of a Fort built by Christian IV. King of Denmark. Their Commodities are Skins, Feathers, Tallow, Train-Oil, Fish, but especially Stockins; whereof they export yearly above 60000 pair, in their Trade to Iseland, Norway and Denmark, which they perform without Silver Money, by adjusting their Prices, and taking Ware for Ware. Here is Angelica, radix Rhodia, plenty of high Grass and wild Cattel; whence the Province bears a wild Sheep for their Arms. These Islands became first inhabited by the Norwegians about the year 868, being governed by their own Chiefs, till reduced to the Obedience of the Kings of Norway in the Eleventh Century: who at the same time erected them into a Bishoprick. For in an Ordinance of Hagen Duke of Norway, son to King Magnus, dated in 1040. relating to this People (which was confirmed to them by Christian IV. King of Denmark, Feb. 4. 1637.) we find Mr. Ellender mentioned with the Title of Bishop of Feroe. Upon the Reformation, Christian IV. translated this Bishoprick into a Provos•ship under the Bishops of Bergen; which has since been subjected to those of Copenhagen, upon the removal of the Commerce of Feroe from Bergen thither. There are in all thirty nine Parish Churches, divided into seven Church-Corporations (as they call them) and to each Corporation one Priest of the Faith of the Confession of Ausburgh; who besides little Contributions from Communicants, receives for Tithes (not the Tenth, but) the fourth part of Corn, Butter, Wool and Fish: and makes out the rest of his Maintenance for himself and Family, by honest Working and Tillage. At Thorsehaven there is a School for the Youth, erected and endowed by Christian III. King of Denmark. They speak the Danish and Norwegian Languages mixt; and are governed according to the Laws of Norway. See Lucas Jacobson Debes, sometime Provost of Feroe, his Description of the Islands and Inhabitants, translated out of Danish, and printed Lond. 1672.

Foggia, a small Town in the Capitanata in the Kingdom of Naples, upon the River Cervaro, seven or eight miles from the Adriatick Ocean. There is a famous Custom-house here, call'd La Dogana di Foggia.

Fogie, Phocaea, a Town in the Lesser Asia, upon the Archipelago, over against the Isle of Metelino; seated upon the River Lohat (Hermus): called anciently Phociae, and now Fochia, or Foja Nova: a very considerable Place, and made more so by a Naval Victory, obtained here by the Venetians over the Turks, in 1649.

Foglia, Isaurus, Pisaurus, a River of Italy: it springeth from the Apennine, and running through the Dukedom of Ʋrbino, falls into the Adriatick Sea at Pesaro.

Foix, Fuxum, or Fuxium, a Town in Languedoc, upon the River Lauriegne, at the foot of the Pyrenean Hills, from which the adjacent Country is called the County of Foix: it stands six Leagues from the borders of Spain to the North, and twelve from Tolouse to the South. § Le Comte de Foix, called by the Spaniards, El Contado de foix, is a County in Aquitain in France, which was heretofore a part of Le Conserans, but now contained in Languedoc: there are sixteen Castellanies or Prefectures in it; and the Cities of Pamiers (Apamea), Tarascon, and Foix, from which it has its name. This gives a Title to a Noble Family of France, frequently mentioned in all their Stories.

Fokien. See Fochien.

Fokingham, a Market Town in Lincolnshire in the Hundred of Aveland.

Foligni. See Fuligno.

Folkeston, a Market Town in Kent in Shepway▪ Lath. It belongs as a Member to the Port of Dover, containing formerly five Parishes; now reduced to one.

Fondi, Fundi, a small City in Terra d• Lavoro, a Province of Naples, upon the borders of Campagna di Roma, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Capua; from whence it stands almost forty English Miles to the North-West, and about fifty five from Rome to the South; in a fruitful Plain, about six miles from the Ionian Sea. There is a Castle in Fondi. It has the honour to be an Earldom, and gives its Name to a Lake in the Vicinage. In the year 1594. the Turks pillaged it. The famous Admiral Barberoasse with some Troops of Pyrates made once a Descent upon it, with a design to steal Julia de Gonzagua, Widow of Vespasian Colonna, one of the finest Women of that Age, to make a Present of her to Solyman the Grand Seignior. And narrowly missing her, he set fire, in revenge, to the Town.

Il Lago di Fondi, is a Lake that lies between the former City, and the Sea; which was heretofore very great and equal to that called the Pomptinae Paludes, by the Romans; but now reduced to a circuit of about four Miles, as Baudrand saith, who saw it in 1667.

Font-Astoruge, Orge, a small River in Provence, commonly called Sorgue, in the County of Vendosme, which falls into the Rhosne above Avignon.

Fontain-bleau, Fons-Bellaqueus, or the Fountain of fair Water; is a most delicious Village in the Isle of France, in the Territory de Gastinois, not above one Mile from the Seyne, and fourteen from Paris to the South. In which Francis I. built a most stately royal Country House, much improved by Henry IV. Lewis VII. had before built a Castle here in 1169, and to it this noble House was added by his Successors; in which was born Francis II. in 1••4. Henry III. in 1551. Lewis XIII. in 1604. Philip the Fair was also born in this Town in 1266. The Conference of Religion at this place May 4. 1600. in the presence of Henry le Grand, King of France, his Chancellors and Secretaries, seven Princes and divers Bishops, betwixt the Sieur du Plessis Mornay and James Davy Bishop of Eureux (afterwards Cardinal of Perron) upon an Accusation made by the latter that Du Plessis had falsified the Fathers in the Citations of his book against the Mass in no less than 500 places, may be mentioned here as one of the most famous Occurrences as to Religion of this Age. The result of it was this, the learned Thuanus and Pithaeus being Commissioners for ordering of the Dispute on the Roman Catholicks side, and Isaac Casaubon with others (according to the Kings appointment) for the Huguenots. After an Examination of nine Passages that day, it appearing sometimes the Objection was taken for the Answer, sometimes Words omitted and Sentences curtailed and others misapplied, there was no continuing of the Conference longer; for Du Plessis retired into the Country sick, and dyed soon after. In 1679. there was a Peace concluded here, between the Crowns of Sweden and Denmark, by which the Swedes recovered whatever had been taken from them by the Danes.

Fontanelle, a Village and Monastery in Normandy, upon the Seyne, twelve Miles from Roan to the East.

Fontana Bianca, Naustathmus, a Sea-Port on the Eastern Shoar of Sicily, at the mouth of the River Cacyparis, twelve Miles from Syracuse to the South.

Fontarabia, Fons Rapidus, called by the Inhabitants Fuenteravia, and sometimes Ondarrivia, and Ondar Ibaya; by the French, Fontarabie; by the Italians, Fontarabia; is a very strong Town in

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Guipuscoa in Spain, upon the Shoars of the Bay of Biscay, upon the River Vidosa (Bassages), in the Confines of France and Spain. Built by the Goths in 625. It belonged as is pretended heretofore to France, as part of the Territory of Bayonne, and subject to that Bishop, till Philip II. King of Spain in 1571. caused it to be taken from that Diocese. It is so seated, that at low Water it is easily entered, but at high Water surrounded with the Sea; and so fortified besides, that a few Men may defend it against a vast Army: so that it is the Key of the Kingdom of Spain; and also a convenient Haven. The French have had an Eye upon this place. In 1638. under the Prince of Conde, and the Duke of Espernon, they attempted to reduce it; but were beaten off with great shame and loss, the two Generals mutually blaming each other after the ill success. I have read that Charles V. after he had fortified this place, called it his Pillow, upon which he could securely sleep; and it has proved so.

Fontenay, a Town near Auxerre in the Province of Burgundy in France: famous in History for the bloody Battel fought at it betwixt the four Sons of Lewis the Debonnaire in 841, wherein above a hundred thousand men were slain upon the place, with the Victory to the two younger Brothers, Charles the Bald and Lewis, the German.

Fontenay le Comte, Fontenacum, Fontenaeum, the chief Town of Poictou, upon the River Vendee, seven Miles North-East of Fochel: it is a fine Town, seated at the foot of an Hill, and made rich by a great Fair kept here.

Fonteuralt, Fons Ebraldi, a little Town in Anjou in France, which has a very much celebrated Nunnery; the Abbess of which is Head of the Order, and governs all the Men of that Order. It stands about one League from the Loyre, and three from Salmur to the North-East.

Forcalquier, Forum Neronis, once a City of Gallia Narbonensis, mentioned by Pliny; now a Town in Provence upon the River Laye, which is the Capital of a County of the same name. It stands upon an Hill, between Sisteron to the South-East, and Apt [Apta Julia] to the North-East; six Miles from the latter, and eleven from Aix to the North. The Title of Earl of this place and the Lands adjacent, is born by the Crown.

Forcheim, Forchena, Locoritum, Trutavia, a small City in Franconia, upon the River Rednitz, where it takes in the Wisent to the North; four Miles from Bamberg to the South, under the Bishop of Bamberg.

Forcone, Avia, Furconium, once a City of Italy, now a Village in the further Abruzzo, upon the River Pescara, (Aternus) eight Miles from Aquila; to which place the Bishops See was removed, upon the ruin of this ancient City by the Lombards.

Fordingbridg, a Market Town in the County of Southampton. The Capital of its Hundred.

Fordon, Fordunum, a strong Town in the County of Mern in the North of Scotland; ten Miles from the German Ocean, and fifteen from Aberdeen to the North-East. In this Place John de Fordon, the Author of the Scotichronicon, was born: but it was anciently much more honoured on the account of Palladius, the Apostle of the Scotch, here buried; who was sent by Pope Celestine in 431. to Preach the Christian Faith to this Nation.

Fordsham, a Market Town in Cheshire upon the Banks of the River Weever.

Fordwich, a Member of the Town and Port of Sandwich in Kent.

Forenza, Forentum, a Town in Abruzzo in Italy.

Le Foretz, or Foresiens, a Country of France, extended in length from North to South upon the River Loyre, and bounded on the North by Bourbon, on the West by Auvergne; on the East by Beaujolois; and on the South by Velay. It is divided into the Upper Foretz, (in which are Fe•rs, and St. Estienne;) and the Lower, in which is Monbrison the Capital, and Roanne. This is a very fruitful County under the Jurisdiction of Lyon.

Forest Noire, or the Black Forest, a large Wood extending from South to North the space of ten or twelve Leagues, as far as to the Neighbourhood of Strasburgh, beginning about Basil. The four Towns, standing at a little distance from the head of it, (viz. Rhinfeld•, Lauffembourg, Seckinghen, and Waldshust) are hence called the four Forest Towns.

La Forest, Sebusiani, or Segusiani Populi, the same with Foretz.

La Forest de Biere, Sylva Bierica, the Wood by Fountain-bleau.

La Forest de Bondis, Sylva Bugiensis, a Forest on the borders of Savoy.

The Forest of Dean, a vast Wood in Glouoestershire, which in ancient Times was exceeding dark, and terrible to pass through; between the River Wye and the Severn: it was so great an Harbor for Thieves, that robbed all Passengers, that in the Reign of Henry VI. of England, there were Laws made to restrain them: but (saith Mr. Cambden▪) since the rich Iron Mines were found here, those frightful Woods by degrees became much thinner than before: and the Rebels of 1640. promoted it, by selling the Timber of it to the Hollanders; who returned their kindness by a War, in Ships built of the same.

Forflamine, Forum Flaminii, a City of Ʋmbria, ruined by the Lombards in 740. It stood three Miles from Nuceria.

Forli, Forum Livii, a City of Romandiola, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Ravenna: It stands in a Plain near the little River Ronco and the foot of the Hills, with a Castle; at the distance of fifteen Miles from Ravenna to the South, between the Cities of Cesena and Faventia; within the Dominions of the Pope. Blondus the Historian was born here.

La Formentera, Ophiusa, one of the two Islands which were antiently called Pityusae, in the Mediterranean, upon the Coast of Spain, toward Ivica. As desart now, as we read it was in Strabo's time: inhabited only by a number of wild Asses.

Formigue, Formicae, one of the Isles de Hyeres, upon the Coast of Provence, in the Mediterranean Sea.

Formipt, Gedrosia, a Province on the East of the Kingdom of Persia, now by others called Send; which is bounded on the East by India, on the South by the Ocean, on the West by Macran, and on the North by the Desart of Segista.

Formosa, an Island, by the Spaniards so named from the beauty and fertility of its soil, in the Oriental Ocean, twenty four Leagues from China, towards the Coasts of the Provinces of Fochien and Quantung. Inhabited by about 25000 Chinese, who govern themselves in the manner of a Republick without acknowledging of any King or Sovereign. The Hollanders expell'd the Portuguese hence in 1635, and the Chinese them in 1661. It is a hundred and thirty Leagues in circuit, a hundred and fifty distant from Japan▪ and subject to Earthquakes▪ Called otherwise Lequeio, Talieukie•, and Paccande. Its principal Town, is Theovan or Tayoan, at which the Hollanders built a Fort with the name of Zeland. There is a Golden Mine found in this Island.

Hyrcania

2026-08-09T04:13:52Z

Admin: /* 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. */

=== 1638. Some yeares travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique by Thomas Herbert. ===
<blockquote>HYRCANIA (whether denominated from her fruitfulnesse in Goats, or from Harcoon in the Scythic tongue importing solitarinesse, or from Hadora as Montanus call'd her, I dare not determine;) is now call'd Mozendram (a derivative I think from Mandagarsis in Ptolomy) and Kabonkara: by some (whose fancies I approve not of) this Province is call'd Karizath, Corca, Girgia, Caspia, Steana, Casson, and Diurgument, relatives meerly, of invention; the North is limited by the Caspian sea, the East with Sagathy or Bactria, the South with Mount Taurus, the West with Medya and Armenia. Hyrcania is most part (a great part wee travelled) woody and champaign; watered with many sweet and spatious (but not navigable) rivers; such be Araxis, (descending sayes Ptolomy from Sacapen or Saducen) Cyrus, Obsel, Connack, Mazaeras, Bundama, Hydero, (from the Desarts of Lop) Aragus, (falsly said to descend from the Molossians) and others, which from the Taurisian Mountains stream violently, and after they have mellowed the humyd earth in many divided branches, wander into the Mare Caspium: at this day it abounds with many sorts of beasts, birds, fruits, fish, and villages: Sheep, Buffoloes, Camells, Asses, Goats, Horses, Cowes, Antilopes, red and fallow Deer; with Silkwormes also, and Phesants, Partrich, Quaile, Woodcock, Pellican, Heron, Pouts, Thrush, Hens, Philomels; and in fruits of most sorts; with fishes also, as Trowt, Pike, Carp, Sturgeon, Conger, Lamprey, Tuneys, Gudgeon, Thornback, Cockles, Oysters, Mussells, Crabs, Limpits, Dog-fish, and Cackrell; most of these the Caspian sea affoorded us: and (which we will sequestere from others) with Lyons, Wolves, Wild-catts, Bores, Scorpions, and Tygers, supposed to nurse the people, as sung the Poet Them with their duggs the Hyrcan Tygres fed. Hyrcanaeque admorunt ubera Tygres, Gnatts, Flyes, and Snakes (to our sad remembrances) in insufficient numbers. Townes of old were, Talebrota, Sarramanna, Adrapsa, Sorba, Asmurna, Tapen, Carta, and Mauzoca; lost by protract of consuming time, or from new names as new Inhabitants have succeeded here; at this day are these, Farrabaut, Asharaff, Periscow, Omoall, Barfrushdea Chacoporo, Caban, Baezd, Darabgier, Gengee, Shamaky, Erez, Bachu, Byldith, and Derbent; flourishing with people, famoused by trade, and admired in her plenty. The Hircanians are but lately civilized, no longer than since Shaw-Abbas in despight of their resistance came amongst them: but how may we credit the Persians (for 'twas they that told it us) in that at this day, they excell the Persians, for husbandry, trade in raw silks, and other imployments; such as has made them rich, and famous; yea happy, till the Persian Souldiers intermingled & suckt their hony from them: The Hyrcan language is understood by every Persian. Their habit resembles the Irish troozes: upon their heads they weare Piramidall caps of cloth lined with delicate sheeps wooll: the vulgar Hyrcanian take thus represented. description PAGE 178 [illustration] An Hyrcanyan. They are generally affable, merry, curious in rarities, and nothing jealous aftet the manner of other Mahomitans: we must not beleeve the merry reports the Persians told us of their virgin curtesies: of old, they thought to have forbad the valiant Greek desired entrance, by twisting one tree to another, (as did our Abbat of St. Albons against the Normans) but hee that had diffected Gordions knot (though mysticall,) with equall pollicie subjugated these Hyrcanians. Upon Whitson-monday wee left Asharaff; the King at that same time journeyed into Medya to Casbyn: our Travells were different, hee went by Periscow, but sent us by Larry-Ioon, that we might have the better view of those his richest Provinces: this night we lay in Farrabaut, a Citie five miles distant from Asharaff, late spoken of.

Hyrcania is a continued Forrest, and of all the trees I saw, none exceeded the Mulberies, for numberlesse numbers, none more notable for use; ten, yea thirty miles spreading in them: the berries if white, refresht our bellies, the colour our eyes, the leaves our observation. In every Village and Cottage wee might behold sheds fild with industrious people, and inriching silk-worms, seaming the seminary of that valuable Fly, so accounted of through all the world, so advantageous to the Persian Emperour; who from hence (besides those many rich Carpets of silk and gold, silk, silk and silver yeerely woven for their owne uses) extracts an annuall quantity of raw silke, seven thousand six hundred Batmans (or bales I think) exported through Turkie into Europe, to his great benefit. The silk-worme (as in quality, so in diversity of shape) varies from other wormes: her first generation arising from a small round black sperme (like Gunpowder or Musturd-seed) which by moderate heat increases to an inch, assuming (at first) the shape of a palmer worme, from which resemblance in six months she two times changes: her common food are leaves and boughs of trees; but of all other, the white Mulbery most delights her, strewed dayly all over thier sheds, kept sweet, and warme, and cleanly. Having satiated their usefull appetites, they forthwith become enemy to idlenesse, surcease their creeping, and with their excretiated vertue intwine themselves, in some sort making their lawne both winding-sheet and Sepulcher. The silke co-operates with such colours as be laid afore them, white, yellow, greene, and sandy. And albeit they be involved, yet are they visible to the eye, such is the transparency of their excrement. Their exterior part, is a pale gold commixt with lemon, rough and hayry. The interior more hard and form ovated, the better to inhume th'included Fly. Whose task being ended, the silken cods or balls are straightway spread afore Apolloes corruscant rayes, by whose radiant candor the distressed worme is broyld to death; not unlike a glorious miser faelicitating his death, so it be in contemplation of his rich idolatry. And by this expansion the silk becomes much finer and purer, than if shee were suffered from her owne notion to issue forth and break her habitacle: After this the silke cods are thrown into a large caldron, fild with water, and made meanly hot; then, with a penetrated cane the people stir thē about, at once drawing the slimy silke from as many as his instrument can lay hold upon, or convene in advantage; lastly with a wheele they are turned round; it attracts the silk, and leaves (nothing worth the getting) indivellicated. But that they affoord hony, yeeld wax, build nests, and are a sort of spyder, Aristotle, and Pliny may conjecture so, but experience derides their supposition. By this time we are got to [[Omoal, City|Omoall]] a City as well known as any other in Mozendram.</blockquote><blockquote>Our journey lay sometimes through inhospitable straits, other times over most stupendious hills; the bredth from one side to another about fifty English miles, from Omoall to Damoan; the length fifteene hundred: towring in a hedge of hills from Armenia to the furthest part of Indya: and after two dayes painfull climbing got so high, that wee might see the middle region under us, and we involved in chill exhalations. Taurus, Mons omnium maximus, sayes Aristotle; yet the sublime height did not disaminate us, as did the danger of descending, the path was so uneven and craggy; yea, the rocks so unskilfully cut out for a passage; that great heed must be taken in the treading or a terrible precipice into a bottomlesse lake indangers us; in one hill for three miles together the way was carved (by some unskilfull workman) in the mid-part of a most horrible aspiring perpendicular Mountaine, the lane in some places a yard, in some but halfe a yard in breadth, so as if by accident two horsemen meet, I could not see how both could have safe passage, nor is it higher than ones head if mounted; a wretched passage! for whiles I was sometimes looking at the wonderfull height above us, and anon casting my sight downwards into that dark Abisse, a rock bending ill-favoredly into the narrow way struck me such a blow, as for a great while I was astonied, and happily delivered from a downfall; a rock, demanding an uncivell tribute from all carelesse passengers. At length wee got safe out of that formidable path of death into the broad and lofty Mountaines, from whence the lying Greekes beheld Prometheus (sonne of Iapeth by Asia his wife and brother to Atlas) cheyned to these rocks, his heart gnawed by a Vultur, for daring (though Pallas helpt him up) to steale celestiall flames from Apollo's Chariot wheeles, to inspire life into his Images. The mythology is this, from these high Mountaines Prometheus first studied and observed the firmamentall motion, the acronicall rising and setting of the Stars and other bodies celestiall, the causes of Meteors, eclipses, and other hidden rarities of nature.

</blockquote>

=== 1652. Cosmographie in four bookes by Peter Heylyn. ===
<blockquote>HYRCANIA is bounded on the South with Parthia; on the North, with the Hyrcanian or Caspian Sea; on the East, with Margiana; and on the West, with Atropatia, or Atropatene (as Ammianns calleth it) the North part of Media. Divided from Parthia by the interposition of Coronus, part of the main body of mount Taurus. The way thorow which, said by the Persians to be cut out at one blow by the Scymitar of Mortis Haly, their second Mahomet, as not above fourty yards in breadth, in the broadest parts of it, the hills on both sides to wring to the very clouds. With small strength easily defended against mighty Armies, and possibly may be the same which the Antients called Portae Caspiae, before described.

It took the name of Hyrcania, from Hyrcana, a large and spacious forest betwixt it and Scythia; sometimes called Caspia also, from the Caspii, a chief People of it; of whom it is reported, that when their Parents came to the age of 70 years, they used to shut them up, and starve them, as being then no longer usefull to the Common-wealth. But both those names growing out of use, it is by Mercator called Diargument; by some late Travells Mezendram; by some others Corcam.

Those parts hereof which lie towards the South are said to yield abundance of wheat, wines, figges, and fruit: those towards the Caspian Sea, as plentifull of Grass and pasture. But betwixt both, nothing in a manner but continual forests, and those so intricate and thick, that it is a matter of no small difficulty to find passage thorow them. Full, as most other Forests are in those Eastern parts, of Panthers, Leopards, Lions, Tigers: these last of such an horrible fierceness, that it grew into a common Proverb used of cruel men, that they had sucked an Hyrcanian Tiger; Hyrcanaeg, admorunt ubera Tigres, as it is in Virgil.

Principall Rivers of this Countrey, 1. Zioberis, spoken of before. 2. Maxera, or Mazeras, mentioned by Pliny, Ptolomy, and Ammianus; and 3. Secanda; all falling into the Caspian or Hircanian Sea. A Sea which had the names of Caspian, and Hyrcanian, from the Caspit and Hyrcani, bordering text unto it; now from the Town of Bochu, in Atropatia, called Mare di Bochu. Fashioned in an Ovall form, the length thereof from North to South 700 miles, and 600 miles from East to West. Stormy, and troublesome, by reason of those many great Rivers which fall into it from all the Provinces adjoyning; which notwithstanding it hath no visible commerce with the Ocean; nor doth it at any time overflow its banks: finding some passage under ground to discharge it self of those vast streams of water which are powred into it. Well traded by the Moscovite Merchants, who having the command of the River Volge (which with 70 mouths doth open into this Sea) sail over it, and land at Farabant, or some other of the Port-Towns, where they trade for silks. Some Ilands here are in it, but not many, or of any great fame but onely that they served the Nations which lay neer it for a place of retreat, in time of the Tartarian tempest under Tamerlane; as the Isles of Venice did to the Italians at the comming of Attila.

Places of most consideration, 1. Hyrcania, once the Metropolis of the Province, and so called by Ptolomy; still extant, but of less esteem, and still called Hyrcan. 2. Tambrace, in old times of the greatest strength, and most defensible, but taken by Antiochus Magnus in the warre against Arsaces the Parthian for the recovery of those Countries then revolted from him. 3. Adrapsa, 4. Masaca, 5. Anarosa; of which we find the names, amongst others, in the antient Writers. 6. Asharaffe, two miles from the Sea, in a spacious Plain, containing about 2000 houses; and now of most reputation of all this Province, by the long Residence therein of Abas, the late Persian Sultan; who built there a magnficent Palace, & another two miles off at a place called Abassebaut. The furniture whereof, besides costly Carpets, in Plate and Jewels, at such time as Sir Dodmore Cotton was there Ambassadour, is said to have been valued by a knowing Merchant, at 20 millions of Pounds. But I fear the Merchant had more skill in silks than Jewels; such a vast summe to be expended on the furniture of one Palace onely, being beyond the possibility of the Revenue of the Persian Sophies; hardly amounting towards all charges to five millions of Crowns. 7. Farabant, on a navigable Arm of the Caspian Sea; for beauty, wealth, and greatness, of most note in this Countrey. Well traded from all parts of this Inland Sea, especially by the Russian Merchant, as before is said; whose ships come hither in March, and return in July; it being from hence to Astrachan but ten dates sail. Beautified with goodly Gardens, a Royal mansion of the kings, and aspacious Market-place. 8. Chiacoporo, neer the Sea also, but on the banks of a River; the water whereof is said for eleven moneths to be fresh and sweet, and for the twelf month very salt. 9. Barfrushdee, twelve miles from the Sea, well furnished with wood and water. 10. Omoall, a Town of about 3000 houses, seated on the North side of the Taurus, in a pleasant and fruitfull soyl; resorted to by the people of so many Nations, that seven languages are there commonly spoken. Once larger, as appeareth by some ruins, than it is at the present; by some conceived to be the Nabarca of the Antients, honoured in those times with an Oracle. 11. Strava, a town of great trafick, for raw silks especially. 12. Mesandre, whence the whole Province (or rather the parts adjoyning to it) hath the name of Mezendrum.

The old Inhabitants hereof, besides the Caspii, were the Maxerae, Astabeni, Chrindi, and the Arsitenses; united in the name of Hyrcans in the time of the Persians, and by that name well known at the comming of Alexander. Against whom they so defended themselves by tying the boughs and twigs of their Trees together, that it was impossible for him to come at them till with incredible pains and labour he had caused their woods to be cut down: at sight whereof the People, who supposed the King had too much other business, and of more importance, than to put himself unto that trouble, did submit unto him. Falling to the share of Scleucus, they were the first people that were gained by Arsaces, and joined with him in recovering their former liberty, though they got nothing by the bargain but the change of their Master. In all times since, they have been looked upon as Members of the Persian Empire, till the conquest of it by the Tartars; in the distractions of whose great Empire after Tamerlanes death, it fell to some Princes of his house; who governed here under the vassallage and protection of the Tartars of Zagathay. Recovered not long since to their old obedience by Sultan Abas: who for the better setling the affairs hereof, removed the Seat Royall from Spawhawn, to which before he had transferred it from the City of Casbin, to Ashtrasse, then a small town, now the chief of this Countrey.</blockquote>

=== 1676. A most exact and accurate map of the whole world by Donald Lupton. ===
<blockquote>11. In Hircania, S. [[Parthia]]. N. Caspian Sea, E. [[Margiana|Mergeana]]; the people of which place starve their Parents at seventy years of age; fruitful in pasture, wheat, wines, figs and other fruits; full of Forrests, and those Forrests full of Panthers, Leopards, Lyons, Tygers, &c. Is

# Hyrcania Hyrcan.
# Ashoraffe two miles from the Sea in a spacious plain, containing two thousand houses, adorned with two great Pallaces, the Furniture of one of which was valued by a Merchant at twenty millions.
# [[Ferhabat|Farabont]], on a navigable branch of the Caspian Sea, well traded, especially by [[Russia|Muscovy]] Merchants, for Silks, whose ships come from the Volge, which dischargeth it self into the Caspian Sea by seventy mouths in March, and return in July; it being from thence to [[Astracan]] but ten dayes sail; famous for its Gardens, a Pallace, and a Market-place.
# [[Chacoporo|Chiachoporo]] on a River, the water whereof is for eleven months sweet, and for the twelfth salt.
# The well-watered and wooded Barfrushder and [[Omoal, City|Omoal]] resorted to by People of seven Tongues.
# Stava, a Town of great Traffique for raw silk.
# Mesander, whence the Province Mesandrum.
</blockquote>

=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===
<blockquote>Hyrach, Hyrcania, a Province of the Kingdom of Persia; heretofore bounded on the North by the Hyrcanian Sea, on the East by Margiana, on the West by Media, and on the South by Parthia, properly so called: Now divided into two Provinces, called Taberistan, Mazenderan.

Diargument, Hyrcania, a Province in the North-East Part of the Kingdom of Persia.

Carizath, a Province of Asia, called antiently Hyrcania.</blockquote>

=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===
<blockquote>Hyrcania, formerly a Province of [[Persia]], 600 Miles long, and 300 broad, where Tarabestan, Gilan and Georgian are now, was properly part of the Parthians Country, which had Parthia on the South, Margiana on the East, Media on the West, and the Caspian Sea on the North. The chief Town was, Hyrcania, afterwards Amaruse. The neighbouring Sea has now different names, viz. Bachu Sea, Sala Sea, Tabarestan Sea, &c. Strabo. Pliny. Cluvier. Olearius. This Province is so fruitful, that one Vine is said to produce above 11 Gallons of Wine, and one Fig-tree, 60 Bushels of Figs. Their Corn is bred by a Seed which falls out of the Stalk, and Honey flows out of their Olive-trees. Hoffman. The Hyrcanian, called also the Caspian-Sea, and otherwise according to the Countries, which lie upon it, hath no Communication with any other Sea. Its extent from the Kingdom of Astracan in Muscovy on the North, to Ferabath on the South, is 480 English Miles. Its breadth from the Province of Chuaresm, to the Mountains of Circassia or Shirwar, is 360 English Miles. In the middle, the Waters are Salt, as those of other Seas, but it neither Ebbs nor Flows. It hath no good Harbour upon it, but the best is Minkischlack or Manguslave on the Coast of Tartary the Greater. 'Tis of the same colour with other Seas. Has only one Island on the Persian Coast, and that uninhabited. 'Tis generally shallow, and therefore dangerous in Tempests; on which account, the Persians never venture from sight of Land. On the West side of it from Georgia, it receives there above 100 Rivers, many of them very great. Olearius gives a large Description of this Sea, having sailed all over it, and says, That in 20 days Travel, betwixt Reschal and Schamakap, he crossed above 80 Rivers, which fall into it.</blockquote>

Candahar, City

2026-08-09T03:23:57Z

Admin: Created page with "=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. === <blockquote>Candahar, Candahara, the Capital of the Province of that Name, belonging to the Kingdom of Persia, and one of the greatest inland Cities of Asia; seated on the Eastern Shoar of the River Balcan, which running Northward, falls into the Oboengir, which last by Oxus or Gehun is conveyed in the Caspian Sea. On the East it is defen..."

=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===
<blockquote>Candahar, Candahara, the Capital of the [[Candahar, Province|Province of that Name]], belonging to the Kingdom of [[Persia]], and one of the greatest inland Cities of Asia; seated on the Eastern Shoar of the River Balcan, which running Northward, falls into the Oboengir, which last by [[Oxus]] or Gehun is conveyed in the [[Caspian Sea]]. On the East it is defended by a strong Wall, on the West by an high Mountain; in the middle of it is a Rock, on which is built a Castle. The Suburbs are greater than the City, and much frequented by the Persian and Indian Merchants, who pass to and fro through it. It lies in Long. 110. Lat. 34. 40. This City has been often taken and retaken between the Mogul and the King of Persia, till at l•st the latter possessed himself of it and still keeps it.</blockquote>

Oxus

2026-08-09T03:20:15Z

Admin: /* 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. */

==Etymology and other names==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Modern
!Amu Darya
|-
|
|Abias
|-
|
|Oxus
|-
|
|Geichon
|-
|
|Ghaion
|-
|
|Gihon
|-
|
|Tihun
|-
|
|Gieihun
|-
|
|Gieihoun
|}

==History==
==Geography==
==Demographics==
==Economy==
==Culture==
==Government==
==Military==
==Education==
==Transportation==
==Notable People==
==Sources from old books==

=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===
<blockquote>Geichon, Oxus, call'd by the Arabs, Ghaion, Gihon, Tihun; and now commonly Gieihun, or Gieihoun; is a River of [[Persia]]: it ariseth from the Mountains of Badachzan; and running Northward through the borders of Balch, it watereth the Cities of Termid, Zemum, and Chovarzim: Also sometimes called Balch. thus Gollius describes in part the Course of this River. Our later Maps make it to arise from the Mountains of Caibocoran, in the Eastern borders of the Kingdom of Persia; to water Candahar, and Belgis on the Eastern Bank; Meder, Thalan, and Badaschian on the Western; at which last it takes in from the East the great River Oboengir, which comes from Balch by Vervalin and Talecan; then, turning Westward, it takes in a River from the South out of the Desarts of Bigul; beneath which it watereth the City of Bigul, and so passeth to Bichend; above which it takes in a River from the East out of [[Zagathay]]; and beneath it on the same side another, from the Lake of Ʋsbeck, which passeth by [[Bochara]]; and another on the South side from Mareuwe; and at Deristan, a great River from the South, called Margab; beneath which it falls into the South-Eastern Angle of the Caspian Sea, at [[Zahaspa|Zahaspan]], by four Mouths saith Gollius, but our Maps take notice of but one.

Abia and Abiamu, a great River in Zagathay, coming into the Caspian-Sea on the East side; the Oxus of the Antients. The former Name denoting the upper part, and the latter the lower part thereof.

Deistan, Oxus. See Geichon.</blockquote>

=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===
<blockquote>Nicaphtach, Oxus, a great River in Persia.</blockquote>

Daghestan

2026-08-09T03:19:18Z

Admin: Created page with "=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. === <blockquote>Daghestan or Dachestan, a Province between the Kingdom of Astracan to the North, and the Province of Schirwan in Persia to the South: Inhabited by Tartars, under a Prince of their own, in security against Invasions by the means of inaccessible Mountains. The principal City here is Tarku.</blockquote>"

=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===
<blockquote>Daghestan or Dachestan, a Province between the Kingdom of [[Astracan, Province|Astracan]] to the North, and the Province of Schirwan in [[Persia]] to the South: Inhabited by Tartars, under a Prince of their own, in security against Invasions by the means of inaccessible Mountains. The principal City here is Tarku.</blockquote>

Cascar, City

2026-08-09T03:17:34Z

Admin: /* 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. */

=== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. ===
<blockquote>Cascar, a [[Cascar, Province|Kingdom]], and city of the same name in [[Turquestan]] in [[Tartaria|Tartary]].</blockquote>

=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===
<blockquote>Cascar, or Kasghar, by others called Chazalg, a City and Kingdom in Turquestan, in Tartary. The Kingdom of Thibet stands South of it.</blockquote>

Amu, Lake

2026-08-09T03:12:06Z

Admin: Created page with "=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. === <blockquote>Amu, or Amus, a Lake in the Country of Ʋsbech in Tartary.</blockquote>"

=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===
<blockquote>Amu, or Amus, a Lake in the Country of [[Usbeck|Ʋsbech]] in [[Tartaria|Tartary]].</blockquote>

Source:Bohun

2026-08-09T03:10:22Z

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<blockquote>A REFLECTION upon Le Grand Dictionaire Historique, &c. OR, THE Great Historical Dictionary OF LEWIS MORERY, D. D. Printed at UTRECHT 1692. with the Supplement of J. Le Clerc, D. D. in Four TOMES in Folio, French; AND An Account of this Edition of the following BOOK.</blockquote>THE Great Historical Dictionary of Monsievr Morery, was an unexpected Work to come from a Person, who understood not any Greek or Hebrew; and had but an indifferent knowledge of Latin. For it will be allowed, amidst such a multiplicity of Subjects, to contain many very ingenious things. Yet I desire not to commend him for the Invention he ascribes to the Chinese of the Province of Xamsi: who boyl their Victuals (he says) over Pits of Subterraneous Fires, proceeding from the Bowels of the Earth: Which, to make the Fire burn the quicker and stronger, they contract at the Mouths in such a manner, as only to leave room for the Caldron to stand. For though the Chinese are famous over the World for their Inventions; yet the Wit of this hath so little in it of the Wisdom of their Other, or Common Sense, that it supersedes the Civility of the least pretence to approve of it. Neither yet is it possible for me to be reconciled to his Account of a Tribe of the Troglaedytes; dwelling continually in the Caverns of a Mountain, in the Island of Malta; near to a House of Pleasure, belonging to the Great Master of the Order of the Knights there. A tall, robust, long-liv'd, inhospitable people, as he describes them: Who speak altogether the pure Arabick Language, in which they are instructed, as to matters of Religion, by the Maronites that come to Malta. For there appears no more Probability of an Arabian Race of Christian Troglaedytes at Malta, than of a Nation of Pygmies in the Neighbourhood of the Nile. Therefore in a word, Monsieur Morery, as he hath his Excellencies, so he hath his great Faults too: And it seems to be none of the least remarkable of the Latter, That let a thing be never so Fabulous in Pliny and Herodotus, or the Histories of the old Greeks; never so extravagantly reported by the Modern Books of Voyages and Discoveries, or the Common Memoires of the Times; yet he mixes it with his purer Geography. Which hath given me continual reason to admire the Patience and Labour of his Pen: but I disagree with his Fancy, if he thought such Collections pleasing to Men of Sense; and with his Judgment, if he thought them true.

In his Geography of the Kingdom and Counties of England, there is no body but must be offended with him upon other Accounts. The principal of our Rivers (next the Thames) the Severn, the Trent, the Humber, the Medway, the Derwent, &c. None of them have their Names with Descriptions in his Work. Peterborough, Wells, Cambridge, Shrewsbury, Richmond, and Rippon, are wholly omitted out of our Chief Towns and Cities. Cambridgeshire, Hertfordshire, Cheshire, Shropshire and Wiltshire, out of our Counties. And all the Description that he gives to Eleven of our Counties more, with the Capital Towns thereunto belonging, will be justly rehearsed in about Eleven Lines. To Southhampton, he says, a Town and County in the South of England, with a Port to the Sea. To Stafford, a Town and County of England, towards the middle of the Kingdom. To Surrey, a County in the South part of England. To Sussex, a County in the South of England, whereof Chichester is the Capital. To Warwick, a Town and County of England. To Westmorland, a County in the North of England, which was a part of the Country of the ancient Brigantes. To Huntingdon and Leicestershires, he adds the Names of the Rivers Ouse and Stower, with two or three Towns. To Middlesex, a small County in the East of England, included in the ancient Kingdom of the East Saxons, and only considerable for London its Capital. To Rutland, a County in the middle of England, but little considerable, having no more than one Town called Oakcham in it. To Suffolk, a Town and County in the East of England. This is Monsieur Morery's way of describing a next Neighbor Kingdom, and one of the most Powerful in the World. Which is the least that a Geographer says, of the most distant and obscure Provinces of China and Japan, or the unknown Regions of the Asiatick Tartary. And though he may be something larger upon London, Rochester, Bristol, and now and then a County; yet he does it with so little Care and Art, so ungeographically in comparison to his Illustration of other Countries; that take his Accounts of England all together (with which those of Scotland, Ireland, and Wales, are done after the like manner) and they will be found the crudest and meanest and the most Contemptible part of his Volumes.

I need take no Notice of his Mistakes about Rutland and Suffolk; which occur even in those diminitive Sketches that he gives them, and are already sensible to every running Eye. He is no less mistaken about the Bishoprick of Coventry and Lichfield. A Bishoprick (says he) about the year 656. was established at Lichfield. And there being another Bishoprick afterwards establish'd at Coventry, these two Bishopricks in time became united in one. Whereas it never from the beginning was otherwise than one and the same Bishoprick; primarily established at Lichfield in 656: Next removed to Chester in 1067; or as others, in 1075. From Chester, removed to Coventry in 1088: and from Coventry returned to Lichfield again in 1186. Whereupon followed an Agreement under Bishop Alexander de Savensby (who succeeded to the See in 1220), that the Episcopal Style should be derived from both Coventry and Lichfield, yet with the Precedence to Coventry. Mons. Morery is no less mistaken in the ancient Seat of the Bishops of Lincoln; which was Dorchester in Oxfordshire, situated at the Confluence of the Thame and the Isis. For he hath the fortune, not only to attribute it to Dorchester in Dorsetshire, upon the River Frome; but to quote William of Malmsbury for the same, to aggravate the matter, in mistaking both his Author and the place together. It is very pleasant to observe in his Account of Northumberland, what an extent he gives to it. All Northumberland (says he) comprehends six Counties; York, Durham, Lancaster, Westmorland, Cumberland and Northumberland. To which he ought to have added the South parts of Scotland too, as far as Edenborough; if he knew no other, than that the Limits of Northumberland now remain in the same State, as they were eleven hundred years ago, in the time of Saxon Heptarchy. Perhaps a Stranger will continually admire at the meaning of such Words as Lerbie, Barthe, Lanclastre, Torriger, &c. He may be pleased to know therefore, that Monsieur Morery is not much to be trusted for the Right Proper Names of Places or Persons (Antient or Modern), out of his own Country. Yet neither can our Nation blame him for it, more than another. His Misnomers are most Universal: and the meaning of those mentioned, is Irebye in Cumberland, the Bath, Lancashire, and the antient Britain Vortiger. It is more strange to see him Misplace the Houses of Lords and Commons in the Abbey of Westminster; and to see Dr. Barrow of Cambridge attributed throughout his Character to the Chairs and Preferments of Oxford; and Dr. Stillingfleet quoted with the Title of the present Bishop of Winchester. Yet there is a stranger and a more admirable Passage still, expecting to be also remembred here; which says, in illustrating the occasion and manner of the Descent of the Troops from Holland in 1688. that they were landed at Torbay in Wales.

It is true, these particular Defects and Errours import no more, than the unskilfulness of the Author, in the Geography and History of England; whereof the disparagement redounds to himself only, with Monsieur Le Clerc his late Editor at Utrecht, who certainly is the Father of a share. But if M. Morery hath happened to be as unfortunate as Maimbourg and Varillas, in mistaking in Particulars relating to England; He is also as injurious as Scaliger and Sorbiere in some of his General Characters of it. It is fit, I should repeat his Words. First, he bestows a line or two of commendation upon the Gentry and Nobility, who perfect their Natural Parts and Educations by Travel and Conversation with Strangers, (Voc. Angleterre) But on the Contrary (he adds) the People of England, are cruel, insolent, brutal, seditious, Enemies to Strangers. The abundance of all the Necessaries of life produced by their Country with little pain, renders them proud and negligent. They have not the same Industry, nor the same Address to Works and Manufactures, as their Neighbours and other People; who are made to love labour, and be industrious, by necessity and the sterility of their Country. It hath been long since said,<blockquote>Anglica Gens est Optima flens, sed pessima ridens.</blockquote>To be persuaded of the Truth whereof, one need only consider the Evils that England hath suffered these thirty or forty years, by the Transport and the Malice of its sour, querulous, opiniative, and dissembling Spirits.—The Men of Letters often compose their Works with a Pipe of Tobacco in their hands.—The Citizens and Peasants delight in the fighting of Bears and Bulls, Cock-fighting, and Wrestling; which agree with their Inclinations, which are a little cruel.—The Women go without Ceremony to the Taverns. The Gallants carry their Mistresses to them; to pleasure whom the Treat must be concluded with the fighting of Bears and Bulls, Cock-fighting and Wrestling, and many times with all those three together. By saying all three together, he imagines we fight the Bears and Bulls with one another. Now as my Grandfather Heylyn answers to the like Calumnies of Scaliger, by the shooting of the Bow, we may easily guess the quality of the Archer.

If the People of France lived with all the Innocency and the Freedom of the Golden Age, their Censures might have been allowed to pass with the Authority of Oracles. But as it is their unhappiness to be Slaves to the Rack, and the Wheel, and the Galleys; who have filled the Universe with the Outcries of their Persecutions at Home, and their Devastations abroad; and can never be forgotten for the blood of Henry III. and IV. the Barracades of Paris, and the Nuptials of S. Bartholomew's Eve; before they begin the Cry of Cruelty and Seditiousness upon another Nation; let them remember that Divine Character of a Man, who quarrels with a Mote in his Brothers Eye, whilst he hath a Beam in his own. If I know any thing of the Native English Temper, Cruelty is the very Antipodes to it. There is nothing more odious in History amongst us, than the Memory of a Prince, who stains his Reign with Blood. As our Government is a Monarchy without Tyranny, it requires our Obedience without Servility. Torture is excluded our Laws with an abhorrence; not only as a Servility unfit for Christians, but a Barbarity unfit for Men. And that famous ancient comparison of Angli tanquam Angeli, shines most especially in the beauty of their minds; composed of Simplicity, Integrity, Modesty, Mercy, Open and Free-heartedness, Peace, Gratitude, Generosity, Gallantry and Love; which are all comprehended in one Word, they call Good Nature, so appropriated by God to them and their Language, that it scarce admits of a direct Translation into any other. The true Reading of the Verse, that is quoted by Monsieur Morery, is by an Abuse corrupted and turned into Anglica gens. Otherwise it is<blockquote>Rustica gens est Optima flens, sed Pessima ridens.</blockquote>And understands the Peasantry, not of Ours, or any Particular Nation, but all in Common. Though the Sense and Equity of it neither so is any better than the Poetry: And I dare be confident the Rhiming Monk that wrote it, never knew in himself what Labour and Oppression means. Whilst the Peasant by the condition of his Being carries a Cross, to add to the weight whereof is barbarous in Oppressing the Oppressed. It is no small sign of a Disposition contrary to Brutal, Insolent, Querulous and Cruel, that England is to a Proverb the Paradise of the Tender Sex. For whom Monsieur Morery hath prepared such a Treat of Sports, as hath I believe at least one excellence in it, Not to be Common. He ought to have excused those Sports from Cruelty in their favours too; and to have known, that the particular pleasure of the Peasantry therein, is only to see the courage of their Beasts, or laugh at Cowardise even in Beasts. But for the Evils which England (he says) hath suffered these thirty or forty years, or more, it is very unjust to forget the Praises of all the Persons that were innocent of them, and to draw the Character of the whole Nation from the Crimes of the guilty only. Who so far as they forsook Peace, and Love, and the rest of the Virtues abovementioned, degenerated from the Native Spirits of Englishmen. Whilst fearing beyond reason, and immoderately persecuting a Phantosme of Cruelty in others, they begat the Monster amongst themselves. So odious is the apprehension of Cruelty, Slavery, and Brutality here; that the Evils of England have been occasioned by nothing more, than a false fear taken at their Names.

His other Character of the People of England, is, that they are Enemies to Strangers. For which, I never could learn a better Argument, than that of Mons. Sorbieres; (see Dr. Sprats Observations upon the Voyages of Mons. Sorbiere;) because he was rudely called Monsieur, and not respected in the quality of Historiographer Royal to the K. of France, by the Children and Schoolboys of Dover. For long before the reception of the French Protestants, the numbers of Strangers at Norwich, Canterbury, and London, were computed to be more than constantly resided at any twenty Cities, either of France, or Spain, or Italy. Virtue, Merit and Civility in Persons of a Foreign Country, like the Commodities imported thence, charm the hearts of the English; and have a greater value set upon them, than the equal products of our own. So far are we from being inclined to be Enemies to Strangers, that we are ambitious to be Friends to Strangers, even till we are Enemies to our selves. It is for their benefit, that in the Court of Admiralty we constantly retain the use of the Civil Law; and have enlarged it with the addition of those admirable Laws of Oleron, published by our King Richard I. which have equalized the Fame and Justice, as to Marine causes, of the ancient Laws of the Rhodians. And how very careful both our Common and Statute Laws are, in doing the exactest justice in all Pleas betwixt Strangers and Denizens, or the King and Strangers; I need only appeal to the Inquest of Medietas Linguae, given by the Statutes of the 27. and 28. of Edw. III.

Another Part of his Disgraces of the People of England, is, their Pride and Negligence, want of Industry, and of a Genius to Works and Manufactures, occasioned by their relyance upon the fertility of their Country. I must observe he joyns their Pride and want of Industry very ill together: For if ever they pretend to be proud of any thing, it is of the Effects of their Industry, and the Works of their Hands. Their Plantations in the West-Indies, and Commerce thither; Their African, Levant, East-Indian, Russia, Groenland, Hudsons Bay, Spanish, French, Hamborough, and Merchant Adventurers Companies, for other Foreign Commerce: At Home, their Inclosures and Tillage; the New Rivers of the Fenns, the Coal Mines of the North, the Lead Mines of Derby, and the Tin Mines of Cornwall; the Orchards of Hereford, and the Plough-lands of other Counties: Their Manufactures in Clothes, Stuffs, Linnen, Iron, Copper, &c. The Quantities of their Commodities transported yearly beyond Sea; Their Discoveries in the Mechanick Arts, and their Perfection in the Learned; Their Books in all the Faculties and Sciences, upon all sorts of Subjects; Their Restauration of London in three years, which was supposed to be the Work of an Age; Their Ships of Trade and War; their Riches, their Knowledge, their Power by Land and Sea: All these, as they are the undeniable Demonstrations of a most Ingenious and Industrious People from the meanest to the highest quality; so they are justly verified of the English in the view of the World. Who notwithstanding insult over no Foreign State; neither detract from the Praises of any greater Trade: But if they value and caress themselves upon the happy Effects of their Industry, it is a Virtuous Pride that is so well grounded.

When Monsieur Sorbiere travelled into England, he could not but take notice of the Convenient form of the Bridge at Rochester, for being so contrived, that the Mens Hats cannot be blown over it. We have altogether as worthy an Observation here of Mons. Morery; that the Men of Letters in England often compose their Works with a Pipe of Tobacco in their hands. Whereby I truly, with regard both to the English and French Men of Letters, am as fully satisfied, that the Fancies of particular Persons, and sometimes of Nations are unaccountable; as when I remember that the sage and noble Egyptians of old (and from them the Israelites) set such a high value upon Garlick and Onions, as to honour them with a place in the number of their Titular Deities. For if any English Man of Letters is so addicted to the Weed, to write and smoak together; yet the Fancy of Monsieur Morery seems no less unaccountable; first to employ his Observation upon such trivial and insignificant particulars; and next to print them in a Voluminous Work, amidst the general Character of one of the most illustrious Kingdoms in the World.

If all the rest of his Geography had been conformable to this of England, there had been no occasion to use him in an unpleasing Labour that hath happened to be obtained from me. Particularly as to his own Country, he spares no Pains nor Eloquence to adorn it. And to be sure, he suppresses the ancient Glory of the Atchievments of the Victorious English in France, as much as possibly he can. Indeed the Interests of the French Crown, and the Use that Mons. Pompone made (sometime Secretary of State to Lewis XIV.) of the Obligations he laid upon the Author, are visible; not in that only, but in the great care that is taken in rehearsing the Titles, Pretences and Dependences of the Crown of France, as if they did desire to entitle it to all the Ancient Gallia, according as it was bounded in the times of Julius Caesar. I have followed him throughout his four Tomes from Place to Place; leaving his Adulterinae Meroes, the Infinite Trash that is in him, as undisturbed as Ashes of the Dead; to take what is purely Geographical and Chronological, proper, and easie, and short, according to the Quality and Genius of the following Dictionary. Which is therefore in this Edition not only enlarged with the Antient Geography, and all such other Descriptions of Places, as occur in the French Work, above what it was possible to contain in the Editions of this Dictionary in lesser Volumes; and also with some Improvements made in the Geography of England in the like manner: But I have further taken care to supply the Defects of the Descriptions themselves, in those Editions, with whatever accrued that was really necessary to suggest a more perfect knowledge of each Respective Place. The Duodecimo ascribed to Monsieur Du Vall, (Geographer to the French King) and printed the fourth time in English 1681. with the Title of a Geographical Dictionary, was rather a Geographical Nomenclature, than a Dictionary. It was Begun to be made properly into a Dictionary by Mr. Edmund Bohun, at the Perswasion and Charge of the Proprietor of the Copy. And undoubtedly, whatever the Faults of Mr. Bohun's Octavo are; yet it will always remain an useful Book, and a light Companion (as he proposeth), for Travellers: when, such is the Necessity and Pleasure of a piece of this Nature in the hands of all; that the very Nomenclature of Du Vall is entertaining still. But the advancing of this Work to an Absolute Perfection is a matter of a higher Consideration: which requires the diligence of many Years, and the succession perhaps of many Hands, and must be content to proceed by Degrees. And tho the labour in encountring oftentimes a dry and difficult Soyl is unpleasing and deterring; which caused Mr. Bohun to declare, he never desired to do it a second time; yet as it is like to redound as well to the Honour of the English Language, as the Universal benefit of Learning amongst us; it will abide an encouragement to consider, that every Mite bestowed upon this Corban is Meritorious; and every Endeavor towards the Completing so great a Good may be placed in the number of Publick Services; for which reason, I am not only satisfied with my own contributing a Share thereto; but am obliged also to tell the World, that the Table of Measures was adjusted to my Hand by the Ingenious Mr. Halley.

J. A. BERNARD.

=== ADVERTISEMENT. Decemb. 30. 1692. ===
IN March next will be Publisht, a complete HISTORICAL and POETICAL Dictionary, representing Alphabetically the Lives and most considerable Actions of all those Personages of both Sexes, who have at any time been illustrious in the World; as Emperours, Kings, Princes, Heroes, Captains, &c. Prelates, Doctors, Hereticks, Philosophers, famous Artists, learned Authors, &c. with the time when each Person flourish'd: Also an account of the several Sects, Heresies, Factions and Orders, either Religious or Military, that have been considerable in any Age. Compiled out of the most select Writers, whether Sacred, Profane, or Fabulous: Wherein is contain'd not only whatsoever is worthy of Notice in the bulky Labour of Monsieur Morery, and the Interpolations of Le Clerc, but also vast Additions from the best Authors by them omitted; especially great care is taken that the tedious Impertinences, the palpable Errors, and fulsom Partialities, every where apparent in the French Work, be corrected or pared off. This Piece having been for above Four Years preparing for the Publick by several Hands is now in the Press, and will be Publish'd in March next, as is said above, without Subscription; that so the Buyer may see what he purchases before he lays down his Money. In Folio. Printed for C. Harper, at the Flower-de-luce over against S. Dunstan's Church, Fleetstreet.

☞ These Two Volumes will not only comprise every useful Matter in the pretended Grand Dictionary; but excel it in very considerable Improvements, as will appear; and by being Printed in Two Volumes is made more commodious as well as cheaper; the Geographical Enquirer being at his choice to buy, or turn over only what concerns himself; and he who searches after any matter merely Historical, not being oblig'd to the charge or trouble of the other.

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=== Of Divers MEASURES. ===
THE Measures of differing Nations, and especially those of the Distances of Places, being very various, it was necessary to premise something about them, that the English Reader might not be at a loss when he meets with them in the following Work.

The English Mile by Statute Law consists of 5280 London Feet, or 1760 Yards, and eight Furlongs. Of these Miles the Experiments of Mr. Norwood and Mr. Picart, do demonstrate 69, and somewhat more, to be a Degree of the Earths Surface; tho till lately a Degree has been reckoned but 60 English Miles.

A Marine League is the twentieth part of a Degree, and most Nations agree to reckon so for Distances at Sea.

A French League is the twenty fifth part of a Degree, being nearly two English Miles and three quarters.

A German Mile is reckoned to be the fifteenth part of a Degree, or better than four English Miles.

A Dutch Mile, such as are now used in Holland, is by the Experiment of Snellius, nearest the nineteenth part of a Degree, being about three English Miles and a half.

An Italian Mile is mille passus, or a thousand Paces of five Roman Feet each; and the Roman Foot being ⅖ of an Inch less than the London Foot, or as 29 to 30, it follows that nearest 76 Italian Miles are a Degree. And the Turkish Miles are reputed equal to the Italian.

The Danes, Swedes, and Hungarians make long Miles, being about a German Mile and half, or at least five or six English Miles. The Polish Miles are nearly equal to the Dutch Miles, and reckoned about 20 to a Degree.

The Scotch and Irish Miles are longer than the English, by about half, and are not defined by any certain measure, that I can learn.

The Spanish League is estimated at four Italian Miles, and are reckoned 17 and a half to a Degree.

The Russians use a short Measure they call Vorst, which is little more than three quarters of an English Mile.

The Arabian Mile, both Ancient and Modern, is about an English Mile and a quarter.

==== As to the Measures of the Ancients, ====
The old Roman Mile was nearly equal to the present Italian Mile, described already, and was divided into eight Stadia, or Furlongs, of 625 Roman Feet each.

The Greeks measured by Stadia only, consisting of 600 Greek Feet, or 100 Orgyiae; eight of these made the Roman Mile, the Greek Foot being to the Roman, as 25 to 24, nearly.

The Persian League or Parasanga, was much about a Spanish League, being 30 Stadia, or three Italian Miles and three quarters.

The Schoenus or Egyptian League was of two sorts, the greater of 60 Stadia, and the lesser of 40, the one of five, the other seven and a half Italian Miles.

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A GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY, In which are Represented The Present and Antient NAMES of all the Countries, Provinces, Remarkable Cities, Towns, Ports, Seas, Streights, Fountains, Rivers, Mountains, Ʋniversities, &c. of the Whole WORLD.

AA, a River of Transisselane, or Over-Issel, a Province of the Low Countries. It washeth the Walls of Steenwick and the Fort of Blockzil, and then falls into the Zuyder-Sea. The Word Aa is an usual Name in Germany for Rivers, especially of the lesser.

Aa, a River of Westphalia, falling into the Yssel, supposed by some to be the Velicer.

Aa, a small River in the Canton of Bern in Suitzerland, called by the Inhabitants des Arquebusades, from the virtue it has for curing Wounds made by Gunshot.

Aa, another River in the Territory of Bologne, called also Agnio and Euneno, disemboguing it self into the Sea at Graveline.

Aade, a small River of Brabant which runs not far from Boisleduc.

Aahuis, a small Town in the Bishoprick of Munster, situate on the River Aa, from whence it hath its Name.

Aar, Arola, the principal River in Suitzerland, it springs from S. Gothards Hill near the Head of the Rhosne, and being increased with many Rivers, falls into the Rhine at Waldshut, one of the Forest Towns. There are two other little Rivers in Germany thus called.

Aarbourg, or Aarberg, a pleasant little Town in Suitzerland, full of wealthy Tradesmen, tempted to fix their Habitations there by the Pleasantness of the Situation, and the frequent Marts there holden.

Aba, a Town in Arabia Felix, according to modern Geographers. § Also a Mountain in the Confines of the Greater Armenia, at the foot whereof arises the River Euphrates. § A Town in Phocis in Greece, which gave the Surname Abaeus to Apollo, who had a Temple there. Being burnt by Xerxes, the Inhabitants retired into the Isle of Negropont, formerly Euboea; from them at that time called Abantis.

Abacares, a People in the South of America upon the River Madera.

Abahius, Abahuis and Abanhi, different Names of the River Nile.

Abaimbe, Abaibe, Abibe; Abaibae, a Ridge of Mountains in Peru, in the Province of Carthagene near the Gulf of Ʋraba.

Abanbo, a River of Ethiopia, it falls into the Nile a little above Meroë, it is supposed to be Ptolomy's Astapus.

Abancay, a River rising in the Mountains of Andes in Peru, and after having washed a Town of the same Name with it self, falling into the River Maragnon in the Province of Lima.

Abano, in Latin Aponus, a Village in the Territories of Padua, supposed by some to be the Birth-Place of Titus Livius, antiently famous for its Baths.

Abantes, the Inhabitants of Aba. See Aba.

Abanwiwar, a County of the Upper Hungary upon the Tibiscus, the Capital of which is Caschaw; it is called by the Germans Abaviwar.

Abara or Abaraner, a City upon the River Alingeac in Armenia Major. The Arch-Bishop of Nassivan frequently makes it his place of Residence.

Abaraus and Aboraas, a Town in Guinea, upon the River Volta, about twenty five Leagues from the Sea.

Abarim, a Ridge of Mountains in the Rocky Arabia, of which Mount Nebo and Mount Pisgah, mention'd in Scripture, are parts.

Abarimon, a Country in Scythia, at the foot of the Mountain Imaus.

Abasses or Abcasses, a People of Mount Caucasus, bordering on Mengrelia, well-shap'd and vigorous. They cherish Customs much differing from the People of other Countries.

Abbefort, a Town in Norwey with a good Port, in the Government of Aggerhuys, about 20 Leagues from Anslo, and 25 or 30 from Stafanger.

Abbeville, a City of the County of Ponthieu in Picardy, upon the River Somme; it is well fortified,

=== descriptionPage 2 ===
large and beautiful, and lies 34 Leagues from Paris to the North. It belonged heretofore to the Abby of S. Riquer, and from thence had its Name.

Abdera, an antient City of Thrace, famous, among other things, for the Madness of the Inhabitants. Of latter days it was call'd Clazomenae, then Polystile or Astrizze, and at this time Asperosa.

Abensperg, a little Town of Bavaria three German Miles from Ratisbon, and one from the Danube. It gave Birth and Surname to Joannes Aventinus a Learned Historian, who wrote Annals of his Country from the Flood to 1460. in Ten Books.

Aberconwey, in Latin Conovium, a Town in the County of Carnarvon in Wales seated on the River Conwey and the Irish Sea.

Aberdeen, in Latin Aberdenia and Devana, a City of Scotland, built upon the River Don, fifty Miles distant from S. Andrews to the North-East; Here is an Episcopal Chair brought thither in 1100. and an University founded in 1480. The Site thereof is of late times removed nearer the River Dee. It was yielded to the English without constraint, in 1651. Long. 18. 12. Lat. 57. 15.

Aberfraw, Gadiva, a Town in the Isle of Anglesey, the Royal Seat of eleven Kings of North-Wales, whereof Amarawd the first began his Reign there, A. C. 877. and Llewellin the last of all the Brittish Kings was slain in Battel, Ann. Chr. 1282. Long. 15. 20. Lat. 53. 10.

Abergavenny, in Latin Gobannium, a Town in the County of Monmouth in Wales: It belonged to the Silures when the Romans conquered them; it is fortified with a Wall and Castle, and seated where the Ʋske and Gevenny meet. It was erected into a Barony, which in 1685. was possessed by George Nevil, Lord Abergavenny, first Baron of England.

Abernethy, a Town on the River Tay in Strathern in Scotland, anciently the Seat of the Kings of the Picts, and since a Bishops Sea, is now removed to S. Andrews, where we shall speak further of it.

Abilene, a Territory of Judaea, so named from Abila the chief Town thereof, the Tetrarchate of Lysanias, mentioned Luke iii. 1.

Abington, a Corporation in Barkshire, on the Thames, between Oxford and Wallingford, garison'd for the Parliament against Charles the First, in 1644. which proved a great Inconvenience to that Prince. It stands about 5 Miles South of Oxford. The Right Honorable James Bertie was created Earl of this place November 30. 1682. by Charles II.

Abissinia, see Aethiopia.

Abiz, Jatrus, Ischar, a small River of Bulgaria which falls into the Danube a little below Nicopolis.

Ablon, a little Town with a Castle, about 3 Leagues from Paris, where the Protestants were for some time allow'd the Exercise of their Religion, till they had a Church at Charenton.

Abo, the Capital City of Finland, under the Arch-Bishop of Ʋpsal, upon the River Aviaroki in South Finland, near the Shoars of the Baltick Sea, 25 German Miles from Revel to the North-West, and 31 from Stockholme to the North-East. Longit. 45. Latit. 63. This City was well nigh burnt to the ground in 1678.

Abocharana, a Town in Arabia the Happy, situate on a high Mountain, the Passage to which is for seven Miles so strait, that not above two Men can go abrest. Here the Grand Seignior keeps his Treasure.

Aboras, or Chaborras, a River in Mesopotamia, sometimes call'd Giulap.

Aborigines, were the most antient People of Latium, the Seat of the first Original Romans; they are mentioned by Tacitus Annal. 11. as one of the first Nations in Italy which received Letters from Evander the Arcadian. They are supposed to have been the first People which entred Italy after the Flood. The Word is generally used to signifie the first Inhabitants of any Country, of whose Original no account can be given.

Aboy, a Market Town in East Meath, in the Kingdom of Ireland.

Abrener, a City of Armenia the Greater. See Abara.

Abreoios, otherwise Baxos de Babueca; certain Rocks near the Island of Hispaniola, so called by the Spaniards because of the great danger of them: their Name signifying Open your Eyes.

Abrolhos, a litte Isle with a Ridge of Rocks near the Shore of Brasil, for the same reason thus call'd by the Portuguese as those aforenam'd by the Spaniards.

Abruckbanya, Aurariarum, a Town in Transylvania.

Abruzzo, called by the Romans Aprutium, is a Province of the Kingdom of Naples; it is bounded on the East with Apulia, now Puglia, on the West with Marca Anconitana, on the North with the Adriatick Sea, and on the South with the Apennine; it was anciently the Seat of the Piceni, and the Samnites, which latter People by their Valor put the conquering Romans to the last refuge of chusing a Dictator four times, and afforded them the Honor of XXX. Triumphs. Their last was in 481. year of Rome, 270 years before our Saviours Birth: This is one of the greatest, richest, and best peopled parts of the Kingdom of Naples.

Absorus, an Island and City on the Coast of Illyriam, mentioned by Hyginus.

Abugana, a Province in the Realm of Angota, part of the Dominions of the Grand Negus.

Abuyo, one of the Philippine Islands in the East-Indies, between Luzonia and Mindanao; in this and the rest the Spaniards have Forts, and drive a great Trade with their American Territories.

Abutich, heretofore Abydus, a very eminent City of Egypt, 22 Miles from Ptolemais to the North; it stands upon the Nile. Here was the Palace of Memnon, and the Temple of Osiris, so much celebrated in the ancient Poetry, and Mythick History. Long. 61. 20. Lat. 26. 50.

Abydos, a Fortress in Asia opposite to Sestos in Europe on the Hellespont, both which are now called the Dardanelli; made famous by the Love of Hero and Leander, and by the vast Bridge here laid cross the Sea by Xerxes.

Abyla, a Mountain in Afric, answering to Calpe another Mountain in Spain on the European side of the Streight of Gibraltar; they are usually call'd Hercules Pillars, because they were the bounds of his Travels Westward. This is now call'd by the Mariners Apes-Hill, either corruptly from Abyla; or, as they say, from the multitude of Apes there to be seen.

Abyso, anciently Orinus, is a River of Sicily, which falls into the Sea between Syracusa and Pachynus, or Cape Passaro, the most Southern Promontory of that Island.

Aca, Acre, Acri, or Acon, a Sea-Port in Phenicia, which was called by the Grecians and Romans Ptolemais, the latter fixed here a Colony: After the loss of Jerusalem, in the times of the Holy War it was the Capital of that Kingdom for some time, till being taken by the Moors it was intirely ruined, it lies 24 Miles South of Tyrus. Long. 66. 30. Lat. 33. 00. From this place the Knights of S. John of Jerusalem removed to Rhodes.

Acachuma, the Achuma of Ptolomy, a Town in

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Ethiopia, which the Inhabitants take to have been the Residence of Maqueda Queen of Sheba.

Acada, Sangarius, a River of Bithynia.

Acadinus, a Fountain in Sicily, where they tried the verity of an Oath, by writing it on a Board, and throwing it into the Water, where if it sunk, it betoken'd it to be false.

Acafran, otherwise Celef or Quinalaf, a River of Mauritania, now called Vetxilef.

Acamante or Acamas, a Promontory on the West side of the Isle of Cyprus, at this time known by the name of Crusocco, or Capo di S. Epifanio.

Acanes, two Cities of Guinea in Africa; one called the Greater, the other Acanes the Less.

Acanthus, the antient Name of several Towns and Cities at this time unknown, except one in Acarnania, now call'd Erisso according to Sophian, and another in Egypt now nam'd Bisalta.

Acapulco, a City of New Spain, in the Pacific Sea, or Mar del Zur, near 100 Leagues from Mexico, where they usually imbark for Peru and the Philippine Islands.

Acarnania, the antient Name of a Province of Epirus, now by Niger said to be call'd Despotato, parted from Aetolia by the River Achelous and Mount Pindus; heretofore remarkable for the Luxury of its Inhabitants, and the Excellency of the Horses there bred. § A Town also there was of this Name in Sicily, not far from Syracuse, mention'd by Tully to have been famous for a Temple there dedicated to Jupiter; which Temple was afterwards destroy'd by the Goths.

Acaxi, a City of Japan, 25 Leagues from Meaco the Capital City of that Kingdom.

Acaxulta, a considerable Port in New Spain on the Shore of Mar del Zur, about seven Leagues from S. Salvador, between New Leon and S. Jago de Guatimala.

Accadia, a Province on the North-East Coast of America, part of Nova Francia, seiz'd by the English, and by them called Nova Scotia; but return'd to the French upon the Treaty of Breda, 1667. § Also a little City in the farther Principate of the Kingdom of Naples.

Accadie, a Peninsula in New France.

Accara, The Name of two Towns in Guinea, the Greater and the Less, between the River Volta and Fort S. George de Mina.

Accaraig or Accarig, a Town in Peru, near the River Parana, called also the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin.

Accaron, Ekron, heretofore a famous City of the Philistins, now a poor Village, and called by the same Name.

Accettura, a little City in that part of Naples call'd the Basilicate.

Acci, Guadix, a City, Bishoprick and Colony of Spain, in the Kingdom of Granada, nine Leagues from Granada East. It lies at the Foot of the Mountains not far from the Head of the River Guadalentin; it was taken from the Moors, in 1489. The Bishop of it is under the Archbishop of Sevil.

Accia, a City and Bishoprick of the Island of Corsica, now ruined, and the Bishoprick united with that of Mariana.

Acdeniz, the present Turkish name of the Egean Sea, or Archipelago.

Aceldama, a Field near the Valley of Tophet in Judaea, to the South of Mount Sion and of the Valley of Jehoshaphat, serving for a Burying-place for Strangers and Pilgrims that die at Jerusalem. This Name signifying a Field of Blood, was given it instead of that of The Potters Field, because it was bought with the thirty Pieces of Silver, which were the price of Judas his betraying our Saviour.

Acellaro, by some call'd Abisso and Atellari, the Elorus of the Antients, a River in Sicily, falling into the Sea near the Ruines of the old City Elorus.

Acerenza, or Cirenza, anciently known by the name of Acherontia, a City of the Kingdom of Naples in the County called the Basilicate, which is a part of Calabria; this City lies upon the River Bradanum at the foot of the Apennine, it was formerly an Archbishoprick, but the City being in a declining state, the See is united to that of Mateola.

Acerno or Acierno, a little City in the Citerior Principality of the Realm of Naples, 15 Miles from Salern to the East.

L'Acerra, a City and Bishoprick of the Kingdom of Naples, under the Archbishop of Naples, and but 8 Miles distant from the Capital City: it lies in Terra di Lavoro in the Road to Benevento.

Acesine, a River in Sicily, having its rise on the North of Mount Aetna, said to be now called Cantara and Alcantara. § Also the antient Name of a considerable River in Asia, which falls into the Indus, famous for the large Canes growing on its Banks. § Another there is so nam'd in the Taurica Chersonesus or Przecop.

Acha, Achza, a River of Bavaria, it flows through the Lake of Chiemeze, and falls into the River Inns, which last River falls into the Danube at Passaw.

Achacica, Achachica, Achiacica, a Town of New Spain, where there are several Mines of Silver; it lies 18 Leagues North from S. Angelo.

Achaia, is taken in a twofold signification, either denoting the whole Country of Hellas or Greece; still enjoying the same Appellation, as well as that of Livadia, by which Name also it is now call'd. It contain'd the Provinces of Boeotia, Attica, Doris, Phocis, &c. being bounded on the East by the Aegean Sea or Archipelago, on the South by the Gulfs of Saronique and Corinth with the Isthmus, on the West by Epirus, and on the North by Thessaly: Remarkable for the great Confederacy made by the Cities hereof against the Romans. § Or else it denotes a little Region in the Peloponnesus called Achaia propria, between Sicyon and Elis. § It was also the Name of a City in Crete, and of another in Rhodes, and of a Fountain in M•ssenia.

Acham, a Province of Africa, on the Coast of Zanguebar, in the possession of the Arabians, border'd on the South by a Country inhabited by Negros and Heathens.

Achamba, See Ceylan.

Achasse, a River in East-France in the Territory of Vivarez, rising in the Hills near Viviers, and having Teil on the left, soon after falling into the Rhosne.

Achatbaluc or Achbaluo, by some Achbaluc-Mangi, or White Town, a little City in the Province of Tainfeu in Cathay, giving its Name to the adjacent Territory.

Achates, the old Name of a River in Sicily, now call'd Drillo.

Achelo, Anchialus, called by the Turks Keuchis, a City of Thrace, upon the Euxine Sea, mentioned by Orpheus and Ovid, 24 Miles from Develto.

Achelous, a famous River among the Poets and fabulous Writers. It rises in Mount Pindus, and dividing Aetolia from Acarnania, falls into the Ionian Sea. It has at several times had the Names Geromlea, Catochi, Aspropotame, Aspri, and now is call'd Pachicolamo.

Achem, a very large City, the Capital of a Kingdom of the same Name in the North part of Sumatra, in the East-Indies. The King of this City is in league with the Dutch, who export from hence many rich Commodities, and much Pepper.

Acheron, a River in Epirus, rising in the Marsh Acherusia, and having receiv'd several lesser Rivers in its passage falling into the Sinus Ambracius in the Adriatic Sea. Now called Velichi and Verlichi. § Another River in Calabria, now nam'd Bassento, Sanuto, or Campagnano according to several Authors.

Acherusia, the name of several Loughs or Marshes; one in Epirus aforenam'd. § Another in Aegypt▪ whereinto the Inhabitants were wont to put the dead Corps of their Friends in order to be transported to the contrary shore by a Ferryman there plying, in the language of the place call'd Charon. Hence many Fables. § Another in Campania, between Capua and Baiae, now nam'd Lago di Colluccia.

Achillea, otherwise Achillis cursus, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, a Peninsula near the Mouth of the River Borysthenes. Now call'd Cacearia according to some.

Achonry, a decaying City in the Province of Connaught in the Kingdom of Ireland in the County of Letrim; it is an Episcopal Sea under the Archbishop of Tuam; the City is sinking every day more into ruin.

Achrida, Achris, Achridius, Adirida, by the Turks called Giustandil, Justinian the Emperor being born here, rebuilt it, and called it Justiniana, and made it the Metropolis of Macedonia, in which it stands, and of Bulgaria; it is still a strong and populous City governed by a Sangiack, it is situated near the Lake of Lychnidum. It has been in the Turks hands 200 years.

Achterwaldt, Silva Arduenna, a famous Wood, that heretofore extended very near the whole breadth of Germany.

Achyr, a City of Poland in the Palatinate of Kiovia, upon the River Vorsklo towards the borders of Moscovia: It has a Castle and is well fortified; some few years since it has been in the hands of the Moscovites. It stands 25 Polonian Miles beyond the Borysthenes.

Ac•aponda, a Town of the East-Indies, in the confines of the Bay of Bengala, and of the Kingdom of Pegu: it has a Harbor belonging to it.

Acierno, a small Episcopal City in the Citerior Principate, under the Archbishop of Salerno, from whence it is distant 25 Miles to the South-East.

Acojo•lu, Armenia Minor.

Acqs, commonly Dax, Aquae Augustae, called heretofore Tasta also, is an Episcopal City of Gascoigne, under the Archbishop of Euse, in Aquitain in France; upon the River Dour, or Adour, which falls into the Aquitain Sea at Bajonne. This City has Baths in it, and is distant about five Miles from the Ocean, and about ten from Bajonne to the South-East.

Acquapendente, a City in S. Peter's Patrimony, seated on a rising ground by the River Pelia; abounding in Waters, from whence it has its name. It was made a Bishops See by Pope Innocent X, in 1650. instead of Castro a ruined City; 40 Miles distant from Senis.

Acqui, Aquae Statiellae, a City of Liguria, in the Dukedom of Montferrat, under the Dominion of the Duke of Mantua; and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Milan: it lies upon the River Bormia towards the Apennine, about 16 Miles from Asta, to the North East. Here are several hot Baths, to which there is great resort of People. This City suffered much damage in the last Italian Wars.

Acsa, a Lake in Bithynia, and a River of the same name.

Acsar, Acserai, Ain-zarba, Anazarbus, A City of Cilicia, heretofore an Archbishops See under the Patriarch of Antioch; now ruined by the Turks: it is 18 Miles distant from Flaviada towards the East, upon the River Pyramus. Long. 64. 20. Lat. 38. 50. Dioscorides was born here, a famous Physician in Nero's times; who wrote several things which are still extant.

Actium, a most celebrated Promontory with a City of the same name in Epirus. It was here that Augustus overthrew Marc Anthony and Cleopatra in the year of Rome 722 or 23, about 30 years before the coming of our Saviour. Apollo had a magnificent Temple dedicated to him, and Games every five years were celebrated in his honour in this City▪ after the manner of the Olympicks. Strabo gives us a particular description of all that Augustus did to it, to eternalize the memory of his Victory. He reedified the Temple of Apollo, revived the Games, and called the City Nicopolis to carry the remembrance of his Victory in its very name. The Promontory is now call'd, Trigalo. See Trigalo.

Aczud, Aczudia, a small Town in Moldavia upon the River Missovo above Breslaw.

Adamah or Admah, mention'd Gen. •0. 19. One of the Cities of the Plain that God destroy'd by fire from Heaven with Sodom and Gomorrha.

Adavoi, a People of Guinea in Africa.

Adda, Addua, a River that parts the Dukedom of Milan from the State of Venice, it ariseth in the Alpes, and falls into the Po, 6 Miles above Cremona towards Placentia, also the name of a Country in the Milanese betwixt this River and Serio; memorable for the Victory obtained by Lewis XII. of France over the Venetians May. 14. 1509.

Adea, a Kingdom of Aethiopia in Africa, extended upon the Eastern Ocean at the entrance of the Red Sea: It was once under the Kings of Aethiopia, but has now a King who doth not depend upon them. Magadoxo, the Capital of this Kingdom and a Sea-Port, is become a separate Kingdom also; it lies in three degrees of Northern Latitude.

Adegele, Chrysorrhoas, a River of Damascus, in Scripture called Pharpar: it flows through Damascus and its fields, where it is lost and never reacheth the Sea: its Fountains are in Libanus. This is one of the Rivers mentioned by Naaman the Syrian, 2 King. 5. as better than all the Waters of Israel.

Adel, a small Kingdom in Africa at the mouth of the Red Sea, heretofore called Azania; with a City and a River of the same name.

Adelsperg, Postonia, Pistonia, a Town in Croatia.

Aden, a very strong Town in Arabia Foelix, at the Foot of the Mountains not far from the Mouth of the Red Sea. It has a very large Sea-Port, and is also the head of a Kingdom of the same name. The Turks in 1538. took this Town and hang'd up their King, but not long after the Inhabitants revolted and put themselves under the Protection of the King of Mocha, and expelled the Turks again. This Country was known to the Romans by the name of Adana, who had here a great Trade. § Also a Mountain in the Kingdom of Fez, remarkable for Mines of Silver. § There

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is a City of the same name in Cilicia, which is an Archbishoprick under the Patriarch of Antioch, upon the River Malmistra or Piramus, and often mention'd by the antient Geographers.

Ader, or Eder, a Tower within a Mile of Bethlehem, said to be built by the Patriarch Jacob and that here the Shepherds were advertised by Angels of the Birth of our Saviour.

Aderborn, a small Town in Pomerania upon the Oder, a little above Stetin, belonging to the Swedes.

Aderburg, a small Town in the Electorate of Brandenbourg upon the Oder.

Adiabene, a Province of the antient Assyria which for some time was itself a Kingdom; now called Bolan, or according to others Mesere and Sarca. Its two Rivers, Adiabas and Diabas, are mention'd by A. Marcellinus.

Admirati, a River of Sicily. Whether this or Bajaria be the Eleutherus of the Antients is a dispute amongst Geographers.

Adon, a small River of Bretagne in France, which falls into the Vilaine.

Adonis, a River of Phaenicia in Syria, arising near to Mount Libanus and dividing the Kingdom and Patriarchate of Jerusalem from Tripoli and the Patriarchate of Antioch, falls into the Mediterranean near Gibel.

Adour, a River of Aquitain, vide Dour.

Adra, a small Sea-Coast Town in the Kingdom of Granada in Spain, with a Port and a strong Castle: it stands upon the Mediterranean Sea, 9 Leagues to the West of Almeria, which has robb'd it of the Bishops Sea, heretofore belonging to it.

Adran, Adranon, a Town in Sicily, of old famous for an Idol Temple of the name.

Adraon, Adraton, a City and sometime a Bishops See in Arabia, mention'd corruptly by the name of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 for 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 in the 16th. Session of the Council of Chalcedon.

Adraste, a Territory, and an ancient City in Mysia, famous heretofore for a Temple dedicated to Nemesis.

Adria, Atri, Hadria, a City, and an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Ravenna, in the Polesine, in the States of Venice; little inhabited. Some believe the Adriatique Ocean, which we now call the Gulph of Venice, derived its Name from hence.

Adrianople, Ʋscudama, Oresta, is a City in the midst of Thrace, taken by Bajazet in 1362. after which it became the Seat of their Empire till the takeing of Constantinople, An. 1403. This City was rebuilt by Hadrian the Roman Emperor, from whom it has its Name, but is now called by the Turks Endrem, by the French Adrianople. It is an Archbishops See, under the Patriarch of Constantinople, and is distant from it 150 Miles West, being seated upon the River Mariza, (Hebrus.) The late deposed Emperor of the Turks for the most part resided in it; he hating Constantinople, and loving Hunting.

Adrinza, the present Name of Assyria, once the Mistris of the World.

Adrobe, a River of that part of the Asian Tartary, which is subject to the Moscovites: it falls into the Wolga beneath Cazan.

Adrumete, the same with Mahometa.

Adula, the Name of a part of the Alpes from S. Gothard.

Aduliten, Adulis, an antient City in Africa upon the red Sea, now called Ercoco.

Adyrmachides, an antient People of Libya towards Egypt. Their Daughters, newly married, were presented to their King, who had a right to use or refuse them.

Aethiopia, is about one half of Africa: it is divided into two parts, the Upper and the Lower. The Upper is bounded on the North by Egypt and Libya, on the West by the Lower Aethiopia, as also on the South; on the East it is bounded by the Red Sea, and the Arabian and Barbarian Bays: it contains Nubia, Abissinia, the Kingdoms of Muaci, Macoci, and Zanguebar, &c.

The Lower Aethiopia is bounded on the North by Libya, on the East by the Upper Aethiopia, on the West and South by the Aethiopian Ocean: It contains the Kingdoms of Monomotapa and Monemugi, the Western Aethiopians, which are divided into the Kingdoms of Congi, Loangi, and Angola, &c. This more Southern Part of Africa, which was little known to the Ancients, was found out by the Portugals.

Aferat, The present Name of Euphrates, one of the most celebrated Rivers in the World: called by the Arabians Frat; it springeth from the Mountains of Armenia Major, and running to the West receives the Harpage and Arsametes; then it bends to the South, and divides the greater Armenia from the lesser. Then it washeth Mesopotamia on the West and South, and divides it from Syria, and Arabia Deserta; and at Cresiphon, it runs into the Tigris, with which it falls into the Persian Gulph beneath Teredon and Balsera.

Afra, a strong Castle upon the Frontiers of Zaara in Africa, and stands divided into Egypt, Barbary, Biledulgerid or Numidia, Zaara or Libya, Nigritia and Aethiopia.

AFRICA, one of the four principal Parts of the Earth, so called by the Grecians, because it seldom feels any Cold: it is bounded on the North by the Mediterranean Sea, on the West and South by the Ocean, on the East by the Arabian Gulph and the Red Sea, being only joyned to Asia by a Neck of Land. It was anciently known no farther South than to the Mountains of the Moon, till the Portugueses of late discovered the Southern Parts. The inland parts of it are generally barren, and almost Desert by reason of the Sands, and venomous Creatures, and want of Water: it is almost twice as big as Europe.

Afrique, Africa, the Aphrodisium of the Antients, a Town and Port in Barbary in the Kingdom of Tunis, 20 Leagues from Mahometa. Charles V. took it from the King of Morocco, and demolish'd it.

Aga or Agag, a Kingdom with a City of the same Name in the Upper Aethiopia.

Agades, a Kingdom with a City of the Name in Nigritia in Africa; tributary to the King of Tombut.

Agan or Pagan, an Islet in the Eastern Ocean, betwixt Chomocoan and Guagan; where the famous Portegueze, Magellan, was assassinated as he was going in search of the Moluccaes.

Aganara or Aganagare, a City on this side the Ganges in the East-Indies, remembred by Ptolomy.

Aganippe, a Fountain in Boeotia in Greece, celebrated by the antient Poets.

Agaosi, a People in the Kingdom of Bagamedri in the Upper Aethiopia.

The Agarens or Hagarens, a People of Arabia Foelix, descended from Agar and Ismael, who went to war with the Tribes of Ruben, Gad, and Manasse, in the time of Saul. Their capital City is called after their own Name Agarena or Agranum. When they revolted from the Roman Empire under Trajan, that Emperor attempted the Reduction of them without success: and since Mahomet was born amongst them, they have been of his Religion.

Agarus, Sagaris, a River of the European Sarmatia, which falls into the Danube in Moldavia, now call'd Stiret, according to Ortelius.

Agathyrse, Agatyrium, Agathyrna, an antient City and Promontory in Sicily. The Promontory is the same with that they now call Cape d'Orlando.

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Agathyrses, an antient People of Scythia, applauded by Historians for their Hospitality to one another.

Agde, a City in Languedoc in France, the Bishop of which is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Narbone: It is a fine and well built place; seated at the mouth of the River Eraud, which there falls into the Mediterranean Sea.

Agdus, a famous Rock upon the Frontiers of Phrygia in Asia Minor.

Agen, a City and Bishoprick in Guienne in France, under the Archbishop of Bourdeaux, and the Capital of the County of Agennois, which gives the Title of an Earl. It stands upon the Garonne, where it receives on the opposite side the River L'Egers. It is large, beautiful, and one of the best Cities of Aquitain, being also the Birth-place of Joseph Scaliger; about 15 Leagues from Bourdeaux to the North-East.

Aggerhuis, a Province of Norway, so called from a Castle in it. It is bounded on the East with the Kingdom of Sweden, on the South with the Sound, on the West with the County of Bergen, and on the North with that of Drontheim, from which last it is separated by the Mountain Sevone. It reacheth in length from the North to the South 240 Miles. The chief Cities of it are Ansloga, Fredericstad, Saltzbeg, and Ton•b•g: The whole of it is under the King of Denmark.

Agion Oros, Athos, a Mountain in Macedonia, in the Province of Jamboli, call'd by the Italians il Monte Santo, by the Greeks 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, the Holy Mount. It runs into the Aegean Sea, like a Peninsula; it is joyned to the Continent by a Neck of Land, of an Italian Mile and half, which Herodotus saith, was cut through by Xerxes. It is 90 Miles in compass, called by the Turks Scididag and Monastir, by reason of the vast numbers of Monasteries in it, being about 24 Cloisters of Caloirs, or Greek Monks, the chief of which are Garopedos, and Agias Laura, in which two are 600 Monks, in all 5000. Most of these Monasteries are fortified to secure them from Pirats. From hence the Patriarch of Constantinople fetches most of the Bishops he needs for his Patriarchate, it being now the School or University of all Greece, the Monks are all of the Order of S. Basil. This Mountain lies between the Bay of Strymon on the North, and that of Singo to the South.

Agira, Agurium, Argirium, and Agnina Ʋrbs, is a City in Sicily near Mount Aetna. The Birthplace of Diodorus Siculus, now called San Philippo d'Argirone.

Aglie, a celebrated Castle in the Province of Canavois in Savoy, which gives a Name to one of the most illustrious Houses in that Country.

Agmet, the Emere of Ptolomy, an antient City in the Province of Marocco, sometime the Seat of that Empire, and very populous and strong, before Marocco was built.

Agmundesham, a Corporation seated upon a small River which falls into the Isis, a little above Ʋxbridge, in the County of Bucks. It sends two Burgesses to our Parliament, and is not otherwise remarkable to my knowledge. It stands 9 Miles from Ʋxbridge to the North-West, and about 8 from Maidenhead to the North-East.

Agnabet or Agnetlin, one of the principal Towns of Transylvania, seated upon the River Harbach, which falls into the Alt. In this place Q. Isabella assembled a Diet for the preservation of her Son, which Martinsius dissolved, and began a War upon his Master, which ended in both their ruins.

Agno, Clanus, a River of Campania in Italy, call'd afterwards Liris: it riseth in Mount Tiphate, and flowing West between Avella and Nola, entereth Terra di Lavoro, makes the Lake of Linterna, and at last ends in the Sea of Tuscany between the Ruins of Cuma and the Mouth of the River Voltorno.

Agnone, a Town in the Province of Abruzzo in Italy, understood by some to be the antient Aquilonia.

Agobel, a City in the Kingdom of Tremissen in Barbary, understood by some to be the Victoria of Ptolomy. Also another in the Province of Hea in the Kingdom of Marocco.

Agol, a City in the Upper Aethiopia towards the Mountain Amara.

Agore, Agorum, a small City upon the River Cordevol in the Dominions of the Republick of Venice.

Agouges or D'Agouges, a small River of Auvergne in France, which falls into the Allier a little above San Porzain.

Agouste, Augusta, a City in Sicily, built by Frederick the Emperor in 1229▪ upon a Peninsula, which in the last Age was turned into a little Isle with a Bridge to communicate betwixt it and the Continent. It has a very large Haven defended by 3 Cittadels to the Sea. Taken by the French in 1675. and abandon'd by them in 1678.

Agout, Acutus, a small River in Languedoc in France, washing the two Cities of Castres and Lavaur, it falls into the River Tarne.

Agra or Agara, a new City seated in a Province of the same Name in India beyond Ganges: It is the Capital of the Moguls Empire, and his residence; a rich and beautiful City, built by Ekebar, one of his Predecessors, in the last Age upon the River Gemini. It is of a vast circuit, and adorned with a stately Palace; on the other side of the River lies another City called Serandra, which is well built, and but a kind of Suburb to Agra.

Agragas. See Gergenti.

Agramont, Agramontium, a Town in Catalonia, in the Plain of Ʋrgel, between Solsona and Lerida.

Agreable, an Island in the Kingdom of Fez, form'd by the River Lisse.

Agreda, a small City in the Kingdom of Popayan in the South America, belonging to the Spaniards. Also a Town in Arragon upon the River Queiles, which some understand to be the Grachuris, others the Augustobriga of the Antients.

Agri or Acri, a River in the Basilicata in the Kingdom of Naples. It arises at the Apennines, and passes by Marsico to the Gulph of Tarentum.

Agria, called by the Germans Erlaw, is a little but very strong City of the Upper Hungary, upon a River of the same Name, which falls into the Tibiscus 12 Miles beneath it. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Gran. This Town was taken by the Turks, An. 1596. But after a long Blockade surrendred to the Christians in 1687. It is 17 Miles distant from Buda to the North-East, in the Confines of Austria.

Agrimonte, Grumentum, an antient City, and a Bishops See in the Basilicata in Naples. The latter has been since united to that of Marsico.

Agriophag•s, an antient People towards the West of Aethiopia, who lived, says Solinus, altogether upon the Flesh of Panthers and Lions.

Agropoli, Acropolis, a Town in the hither Principate in the Kingdom of Naples.

Agualua, and Agua de Moura, two Rivers in Portugal which fall into the Cadaon in Estremadura.

Agueda, a Town in Portugal, built upon the Ruines of the antient Aeminium. It takes this Name from a River which passes by it.

Aguer, at City at the foot of Mount Atlas in Africa. Taken by the Portugueze in 1536. and since retaken by an Army of 50000 Moors.

Aguila, a City in the Province of Habat in the Kingdom of Fez, upon the River D'Erguile.

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Aguilard, Agilaria, a pretty considerable Town in old Castile about 14 Leagues from Burgos.

Agulha, Acus, an Island in the Aethiopian Ocean, 300 Miles from Madagascar to the North.

Ahausen, Ahuis, Ahusa, a small City in Schonen upon the Baltick Sea, to which it has a very commodious Port: four Leagues from Christianstad. Under the Swedes.

Aia, Allia, a small River in Italy, which falls into the Tiber near Monte Rotundo in the States of the Church. The Gauls under Brennus defeated the Romans upon the Banks of it.

Ajaluni, a City of Caria upon the Borders of Lydia.

Ajan, or the Coast of Ayan, a Country in Aethiopia, which lies along the Coast of the Sea of Zanguebar, from Magadoxo to the Cape Guardafuy. It contains the Kingdoms of Adea, Adel, &c.

Ajas, a City of Arabia Foelix, two days journey from Aderi. Thevet calls it Hegias, and makes a Kingdom of it.

Ajazzo, Ajaccio, Adjacium, Ʋrcinum, an Episcopal City of Corsica, under the Archbishop of Pisa; on the Western Shoar; it has a strong Castle and a large Haven, and is a neat and beautiful City, flourishing now under the Dominion of the Republick of Genoua; the greatest part of it is surrounded by the Sea, and it lies at the foot of the Mountains not above a Mile from the Old Adjacium.

Aichstadt, Aureatum, as appears by an old Inscription found there; a City upon the River Altmul, which falls into the Danube between Ingolstad and Ratisbon; it is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mogunce: It lies in the Confines of Bavaria, and the Dukedom of Schwaben, and is under the Civil Jurisdiction of its Bishop; two miles distant from Neuburg towards the North, eleven from Ratisbon to the West. There is some Controversie amongst learned Men about the old Name of this City.

Aidinelli, Caria, a Province of the Lesser Asia; it lies right over against Rhodes, and has had several fine Cities in it, but they are all ruined by the Turks, who have been a long time Masters of this poor Province.

Aidos, Abydus, a City of the Lesser Asia, upon the Bosphorus; distant about a Mile and three quarters from Sesto, on the Thracian Shoar; heretofore a Suffragan See, under the Archbishop of Cyzicum, from whence it is distant 21 Miles to the South; but now the Bishop of it is made a Metropolitan. It has a strong Castle, well fortified by Mahomet II. after he had taken Constantinople; and it is one of the Dardanels, which has ever in it a good Turkish Garison to defend the Passage, and secure Constantinople.

Aiducal, ATLAS, the greatest Mountain in all Africa; it begins in Mauritania, near the Atlantick Ocean, to which it gives Name; by Cap de Guer, and by various windings, it extends it self Eastward as far as the Deserts of Barca; raising it self out of barren Sands, it hides its towring Head in the Clouds; and has variety of Names. The great height of it was the cause the Antiens feign'd Atlas, (whom they make a King) bore the weight of Heaven on his Shoulders. There is another Mountain call'd Atlas Minor, now Errif, which parts the Kingdom of Fez from that of Morocco.

Ajc•lo, a Dutchy in the Province of Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples, belonging to the Prince of Massa.

L'Aigle, Aquila, a small City in Normandy upon the River Rille, which gives the Title of a Baron.

Aigueperse, the capital City of the Dutchy of Montpensier in France, near whereunto the antient Castle of Montpensier stood, till it was demolished in 1634.

Aigues Caldes, Aquae Calid•, a City with natural Baths in it, in Gallicia in Spain. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Compostel, upon the River Minio.

Aigues-Mortes, a City in the lower Languedoc, upon an Arm of the Rhosne and near the Sea. The Seat of the Excises upon Salt.

Aiguilles, or Capo de Agulhas, a Promontory of Africa to the Cape of Good Hope.

Aiguillon or Eiguillon, a City with the Title of a Dutchy in the County of Agennois in France, upon the Confluence of the Le and the Garonne, between Agen and Nerac. It once susteined a Siege of fourteen Months against John Duke of Normandy.

Ailesbury, a fair Market-Town, well peopled, and built upon the rising of a Hill, by the Bank of Tame, in the middle of the County of Buckingham. Taken by Cuthwulf the Saxon, from the Britains, Anno 572. Famous heretofore for S. Edith here born. The Honourable Robert Bruce, was created Earl of this place, on March 8. 1684. It is a Corporation, and sends Burgesses to the Parliament.

Ailly, a Seigniory in Picardy, whence one of the noblest and antientest Families of that Province, the D'Aillyes, receive their Name.

Ailzall, an Islet, or rather a Shelf upon the Coast of Scotland towards Galloway.

Ainaon, Ahinaon, an Island to the Southern Coast of China. Its capital City bears the same Name.

Aindre, once an Island 3 Leagues below Nantes in Brittany, at the falling of the Loyre into the Sea. It had a Monastery in it built by S. Hermeland; but both that and the Island have since been swallowed up by the Waters.

Ains, Ens, Indus, Indis, Danus, and Idanus, a River of France which rises in the Valley of Meige in Burgundy, and passes to the Rhosne by Chateau-Vilain, Constances, &c.

Ainza, a small City in Arragon upon the River Cinga, and the Capital of the Tract of Sobarbe, which has sometime born the Title of a Kingdom.

Ainzia, a Tract in the County of Buchan in Scotland.

Aire, Aturum, the chief Town of Gascoine, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Aux; it stands upon the River Adour, in the Borders of the County of Armagnac, four Aquitane Leagues above S. Sever, and sixteen from Bajonne.

Aire, Aria, called by the Flandrians, Arien; by the Spaniards, Ere: it is a strong City in Artois, seated in a Marsh upon the River Leye, which falls into the Scheld at Gaunt; taken by the French in 1641. and presently recovered by the Spaniards; but it was retaken •; the French in 1676. and is now in their possession by the Treaty of Nimeguen. It is 12 Leagues from Bologn to the East.

Aire, Aeria, by the Scotch Ayr, is a small City and Sheriffdom in Scotland, upon Dunbritain-Frith, on the West of that Kingdom: it stands 22 Scotch Miles from Donbritoun, South-West.

Airu, a River of Scotland, which springs from the Mountains of Mar, and unites with the Spei in Buchan. The City Aire stands upon it.

Airy, Airiacum, a Village in Burgundy in Auxerrois near Clamecy. Here was a National Council held in 1020. under Pope Benedict VIII.

Aisa•ce, a small River in Normandy which joyns the Colsnon below d'Autrain.

Aisne, Axona, a River of France, riseth in the Dukedom of Barois; and flowing through the Provinces of Champagne, and the Territory of Argonne, and that of Soissons, cuts the City of Soissons in two parts; and at last ends in the River Oise, a little East of Compeigne in the Isle of France.

Aix, Aquae Sextiae, a City of Provence in France.

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It was a Roman Colony, and is now an Archbishops See, and the Seat of the Parliament of that Province: a fair growing Town, seated in a large Plain, upon a small Rivolet, about 15 Leagues from Arles, and 13 from Avignon to the East.

Aix, in Savoy, an antient City at the foot of the Mountains, between Chambery, Annecy, and Rumilly, giving the Title of a Marquess. It is famous for Mineral Waters.

Aix la Chapelle, Aquisgranum, called by the Germans Aa•b, by the Dutch Aken, by the French Aix, by the Italians Aquisgrana; it is an Imperial free City of Germany, in the Circle of Westphalia, within the Borders of the Dukedom of Juliers, under which Prince it now is. Charles the Great of France died here Jan. 24. 814. and here he was buried; having been the Restorer of this City after Attila the King of the Huns had ruin'd it. It was almost intirely ruin'd by Fire again in 1656. but is now rebuilding. In 1658. there was a famous Peace made here between the present Kings of France and Spain. Divers Councils have been held here. This City stands 8 German Miles from Cologn, 7 from Liege, in a low place, almost incircled with Hills.

Aizu, a Province of Japan, with a Town of the same Name, which is one of the best in the Country.

Akerhuys, a Sea-port Town in the County of Aggerhuys, not above 15 Miles from Christianstadt in Norway.

Akerman, Alba, a City of Moldavia.

Akersondt, an Island belonging to Norway, in the German Ocean, over against the Cape of Shagen.

Akertewe, a City in the Isle of Maragnan on the Coast of Brasil.

Akill, Achill, Achillia, a small Island on the Coast of Connaught in Ireland, over against the County of Mayo.

Akroczim, a City in the Palatinate of Mazovia in Poland, fortifyed with a Castle.

Aksteede. Acsteda, a small City upon the River Lun in the Dutchy of Bremen in Saxony, under the Swedes.

Akza, a River of Georgia, in Asia.

Al, a River of Prussia, believed by some to be the Guttalus of Pliny.

Alahanda. See Eblaba.

Alacranes, Islands infested with Scorpions, in the New America, 20 Leagues from Jucutan.

Aladuli, the Turkish Name of Armenia major.

Alagon, a River of Spain, in the Province of Estremadura, and Kingdom of Leon: it falls into the Taio, a little above Alcantara, as Rodericus Sylva saith.

Alaine, a small River in the Province of Nivernois in France.

Alais, Alesia, a City of Languedoc, upon the River Guerdon, at the foot of the Mountain Cevennes, 10 Leagues from S. Esprit to the East.

Alalcomene, Alalcomenium, an antient City of Boeotia, famous for a Statue of Minerva, and the Tomb of Tiresias. Afterwards call'd Ithaca, says Plutarch, and the Birth-place of Vlysses.

Alan, a small River in Cornwal in England; it falls into the Irish Sea at Padstow: at the Head of it is a small Village called Camelford, where King Arthur is reported to have been slain in Battel. Padstow lies about 17 Miles West from Launceston.

Aland, an Island of the Baltick Sea, at the entrance of the Botner Sea, under the Dominion of the King of Sweden.

Alarcan, Illarco, a Town in New Castile in Spain.

Alares, an antient People of Pannonia. Tacit.

Alasch•hir, Hipsius, Ʋpsu, an antient City of Phrygia, and sometime the See of a Suffragan Bishop.

Alatri, Alatrium, Alatrinum, a City of Campania in Italy, and a Bishops See, dependent immediately on the Pope. Mentioned by the Antients.

Alava, a small Territory in Biscay in Spain.

Alba, or Albe, Alba Pompeia, a City of Monferrat, upon the River Tangro; it is an Episcopal See. under the Archbishop of Millan; heretofore subject to the Duke of Mantua, but taken from him in 1631. by a Treaty of Peace, and ever since under the Duke of Savoy. This City of latter times having suffered great changes, is reduced into a consumptive State for want of Inhabitants. It is distant from Aste 12 Miles to the South.

Albany, Albania, call'd in Scotland Braid-Albin, is a Dukedom in the highest part of Scotland, as the Name imports; the Seat of the Old Scots, upon the declining Western part of Mount Grampus, next Lorn and Argile. Charles I. in his Infancy at two years of age, was created Duke of Albany. This Title was also conferred on the Lord Darnly, his Grandfather; and given by Charles I. to his Second Son, afterwards James II.

Albano, Alba Longa, the Mother of Rome, from which it lies about 12 Miles. It has been ruin'd many Ages. It stood betwixt a Lake and a Mountain of the same Name. There has been another Albano built near its Ruines, which is a Bishops See, a Principality, and the Title of a Cardinal. § Also a City with the Title of a Principality in the Kingdom of Naples.

Albanopolis, an antient City of Macedonia in Greece.

Alba Julia. See Weissenburg.

Alba Regalis, called by the Inhabitants Ekekes Fesarwar; by the Germans Stoel-Weissemburg: Is a City of the Lower Hungary, once the Capital of that Kingdom, famous for the Coronation and Burial of the Kings of Hungary. It stands in a Marsh upon the River Sarwitz. Taken by the Turks Anno 1543▪ retaken by the Christians in 1601. taken again by the Turks in 1602. surrendred again to the Imperialists upon Articles, May 9. in the beginning of the Campagne of the Year 1688. The Imperialists found 84 Pieces of Cannon in it, with almost an incredible quantity of Ammunition and small Arms. It is 45 Miles from Buda West, and 60 from Comorra South. Long. 41. 10. Lat. 47. 8.

S. Albans, [Verulamium] is the fairest and the best Town in the County of Hertford. It arose out of the Ruins of Verulam, a Town more strong and antient, seated on the opposite side of the River Ver. This new Town took its Name from one Alban a Citizen of Verulam, who in the Dioclesian Persecution, suffered Death for the Christian Religion, and is esteemed the first of the British Martyrs. To whose memory the Britains built a fair Church, which being ruin'd in the Wars between them and the Saxons, Offa King of the Mercians built here a Monastery to his honor, An. Chr. 795. the Abbot of which obtained from Pope Adrian, the Precedency of all English Abbots, to which an end was put, Dec. 5 1539. by the surrender of the said Abby to Hen. VIII. Near this place Richard Duke of York overthrew Henry VI. and took him Prisoner Anno Dom. 1455. who four Years after was restored to his liberty again, by a Victory obtained here too. This Town had the Honor of an Earldom bestowed upon it by Charles II. April 27. 1660. in the person of Henry Jermin, then Baron of S. Edmondsbury in Suffolk. Since raised to a Dukedom by the same King. This Town lies upon the River Ver, 10 Miles from Hertford to the South-West. The Old Town I shall speak of in its proper place.

Albarazin, Albarazinum, a City, and a Bishops See in Arragon in Spain, under the Archbishop of Saragossa.

Albasequia, a City of Sarmatia in Asia, supposed to be the Ampsulis of Ptolomy.

Albegna, Albania, Almiana, a River in Tuscany, which falls into the Gulph of Telamont.

Albemarle, called by the French Aumale, is a Town in Normandy in France, near the Head of the River B•ssine, in the Confines of Picardy. It is memorable for giving the Title of an Earl to the Noble Family De fortibus: And of Duke to Edward Earl of Rutland, after Duke of York. Given with the same Title to the Loyal, Wise, and Valiant George Monk, by Charles II. (July 7. 1660. who died Jan. 3. 1669.) It stands 14 Leagues from Roven East.

Alben, Albins, a Mountain of Carniola, remarkable for Mines of Quicksilver. § Also a River (Alpis) in Corinthia, which runs into the Save.

Albenga, a City and Port in the Republick of Genoua, antient, large, handsom, but not very healthful. In 1175. it was burnt by those of Pisa. Pope Alexander 3. made it a Bishops See in 1179. Titus Alius Proculus the Emperor was a Native of it. § Over against it stands an Islet of the same Name.

Alberg, a City and Bishops See in Jutland. It lies not far from the Baltick Sea, in 58. deg. of Lat.

Alberton, a Town and Port in Barbary.

Albigeois, a small Territory in Languedoc in France, with a City in it call'd Alby. This Province is divided by the River Tarn, and very much taken notice of in Church-History, for those great Oppositions, the Albigenses, its Inhabitants, made long since against the Church of Rome.

Albila, Mercë, an Island made by the Nile in Aethiopia, before it enters Egypt.

Albion, the antient Name of Great Brittain.

New Albion. See New Albion.

Albon, a Territory in the Province of Vienne in Dauphine, giving the Title of a Count.

Albona, Albonea, a River in the Dutchy of Milan in Italy, which passes by the Province of Novara to the Po.

Alboran, or Albusama, Erroris Insula, a small Island with some Villages in it, and a Castle, upon the Coasts of the Kingdom of Fez.

Alborg, Ae•burgum, a City, and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Lunden in the Province of Jutland in Denmark, upon the Bay of Limfort.

Alborno, Alburnus, a Mountain in the Kingdom of Naples, mentioned by Virgil; now call'd Monte di Postiglione, and Montagna della Petina by the Italians.

Albret, a City, County, and Dutchy in Gascony, the Original of the late Royal Family of Navar.

Albs, the same with Savio, a River of Italy.

Albufera, Amaenum Stagnum, a Lake in the Kingdom of Valencia in Spain.

Albula, the antient Name of Tiber.

Albuquerque, a City and Dutchy in the Province of Estremadura in Portugal.

Alby, Albia, Albiga, a City of Languedoc in France, upon the River Tarn, the Capital of Albigeois, of great Antiquity. Sometime an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Bourges, but by P. Innocent X•. at the instance of the present French King Lewis XI•. translated into an Archbishoprick. The famous Albigenses took their Name from hence. § Also a small City in the States of the Duke of Savoy, betwixt Annecy and Aix, upon the declension of a Mountain.

Alcairo, Memphis, a famous City of Egypt, seated a little above the Delta, where the Nile is first divided; it is call'd in Scripture Noph, and Migdol. Now wholly desolate.

Alcala, Complutum, is a City of the Kingdom of Castile in Spain, seated upon the River Henarez. It was heretofore a Bishops See, but belongs now to the Archbishops of Toledo. One of which Franciscu• Ximenius Cisn•rus Archbishop of Toledo, and a Cardinal, in the year 1517. in the time of Alphonsus Sapiens, opened here an University: it is 6 Leagues from Madrid, and • from Toledo. Long. 17. 30. Lat. 41. 00.

Alcantara, Norba Caesarea, Pons Trajani, Turobrica, a City of the Kingdom of Leon, upon the River Tajo. It is a small City, and of late years has been sortified to preserve it from the Incursions of the Portugueze, being but 3 Leagues distant from the Borders of that Kingdom. It is ennobled by a Bridge built over the River, of 670 foot in length, and 28, foot wide, which is generally attributed to Trajan; it stands upon 6 Pillars. This City was taken from the Moors by Alphonsus VIII. Anno 1013.

Alcay, a fertile Mountain, well inhabited, twelve Leagues from Fez.

Alcazar-Quivir, the capital City of the Province of Asgar, upon the Coast of Barbary. Built by Jacob Almansor, King of Fez. Taken by Alphonsus V. K. of Portugal in 1448.

Alcazer-Zeguer, a Town in the Province of Habat in the Kingdom of Fez, upon the Streights. Built by Jacob Almansor, K. of Fez. Taken by Alphonsus V. King of Portugal, 1458. Abandoned by John III. K. of Portugal in 1540. yet now under the K. of Portugal.

Alcmaer, a Town in the Northern parts of Holland, besieged by the Spaniards in 1573. without success.

Alcozar d'Osal, Salacia, a small City of Portugal upon the River Zadaon.

Alcyone, an antient City of Thessalia. § Also the Name of a deep Lake in the Morea, near Corinth; where there was in antient times a Temple dedicated to Amphiaraus, which gave this Lake the Name of Fons Amphiarai.

Aldebourg, a Village in Flanders.

Aldeburgh, Isurium, a small Corporation in the County of Suffolk, situated upon the Sea Shoar, which sends two Burgesses to Parliament.

Aldego, Aldegus, a River in the Province of Verona in Italy, which unites with the Adige in the States of Venice.

Aldenburg, Brannesia, a ruined City in Holstein, 8 Miles from Lubeck, which robb'd it of its Bishoprick in 970. This is by some call'd Olden-borch. It is but 2 Miles from the Baltick Sea; there is now nothing but a Castle left.

Aldenburg, a Town of Misnia in Germany, upon the River Pleiss, which heretofore was a free Imperial City; but in 1308. was taken by Frederick, Marquess of Misnia, and united to Misnia. In the Castle of this Town was the antient Residence of the Dukes of Saxony. It is 6 German Miles distant from Lipsi•k to the South, and 8 from Misnia to the West. Some call it Altenburg.

Aldernay, an Island on the Coast of Normandy.

Ale, the Name of a Kingdom in Africa, belonging to the Barbeci.

Alegransa, a small Island with a convenient Haven and Castle near the Canaries.

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Alentejo, or Entre Tejo Guadiana, a Province in Portugal, South-East of Estremadura, divided into 5 Counties; the chief City of which is Evora. A part of old Lusitania and Boetica.

Alenzon, Alenconium, a large and well built City in Normandy, adorned with the Title of a Dutchy; it stands upon the River Sarte. This Title has been carried by Eight of the Royal Family of Valois, and has since been conferr'd, occasionally, on many of the younger Princes of the Royal Family of France. It is 42 Miles from Paris.

Aleppo, Berrhoea, Beroa, is a City of Syria, seated upon the River Marsya, which falls into Euphrates; at this day the greatest City of Syria, a Mart filled with innumerable Inhabitants, and European Merchants; being 6 Miles in compass, with 3 Suburbs, 10 Gates, and an oblong Castle, which is very strong. It is the Seat and Government of a Bassa, 28 Leagues distant from Scanderoon towards the Euphrates, and 200 Miles Northward from Damascus; the English, French, and Venetians, have each of them a Consul here. Long. 58. 20. Lat. 31. 25.

Alexia, an antient City, and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Pisa in the Island of Corsica; now ruin'd. § A River of the same Name runs thereby, which is supposed to be the Rhotanus of Ptolomy.

Alesa, an antient City of Sicily, with a River by it of the same Name, now call'd Pittineo.

Alesham, or Aylesham, a Market. Town in Norfolk, in the Hundred of South-Erpingham.

Alessio, Lyssus, a City of Albania, near the falling of the River Drin into the Adriatique; also a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Durazzo: famous for the Sepulchre of the great Scanderberg, who died here in 1467.

Alessio, Alex, a River of Calabria in Italy, which falls into the Bay of Tarento.

Alet, Alecta, a City of Languedoc in France, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Narbone; out of which Diocess it was taken by Pope John XXII. It is 5 Leagues from Carcassone, and stands at the foot of the Pyrenean Hills.

Alexandretta. See Scanderone.

Alexandria, a City of Egypt, call'd by the Turks Scanderik, a celebrated Mart, and the Seat of the second Patriarch; built by Alexander the Great, Anno Mundi 3618. that is, 330 years before Christ. It was considered much more than now, before the building of Grand Cairo. Heretofore the great Trade for Spices was driven here, which were brought by Camels from the Red Sea; but are now brought to us by Sea from the East-Indies. Yet this Town is still much frequented by the European Ships for the sake of the Harbour. It is inhabited by about 2000 Souls, which being too few for so vast a City, accordingly much of it is nothing but Ruins. The Pharoal, once an Isle, is now joyned to the City, and a Fort built upon it by the Turks, with a Garison for the security of the Port. This City was taken from the Christians by Amrus the Moor, after a Siege of 13 Months; retaken from them in the times of the Holy War, Anno Christi 1167. but it fell soon after into their hands again. Long. 58. 20. Lat. 31. 25. § There is another City of this Name built by Alexander M. beyond the River Tanais. § A third, in the Palatinate of Lusuc in Poland upon the River Horin. § And a fourth in Susiana in Asia.

Alexandria, Alexandrinum, a small Town in the Palatinate of Braclaw in Poland.

Alexandria della Paglia, Alexandria Statelliorum, a large and well fortified City in the Dukedom of Milan in Italy; built upon the River Tanaro, which divides it. It was made a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Milan, by Pope Alexander III. Anno 1175. from whom it had its Name. It is 52 Miles from Milan to the North-West, and 12 from Casal to the South. This City, in 1656. being besieged by the Prince of Conti, and the Duke of Modena, their Army was forced to rise for want of Money. Brietius. Long. 30. 30. Lat. 43. 54.

Alexie. See Alize.

Alfissah, a Country in the Southern part of the Isle of Madagascar.

Aleford, a Market-Town in Lincolnshire, in the Division of Lindsey and Hundred of Calceworth.

Alfreton, a Market-Town in Darbyshire, in the Hundred of Scarsdale.

Algarria, a Northern Province of the Kingdom of New Castile, whose Bounds are not known; so that it is thought that both Madrid and Toledo are in this Province.

Algarve, a small part of Spain, which under Alphonsus III. was added to Portugal, with the Title of a Kingdom; Tavira is the chief place in it: it hath Portugal on the North, on the West and South it is washed by the Ocean, and on the East lies Andaluzia.

Algezire, a Town and Port upon the Streights of Gibraltar in Spain; supposed by some to be the Cartheia of the Antients. Taken from the Moors by Alphonsus XI. King of Castile in 1344. now ruin'd.

Algiers, or Argiers, Julia Caesarea, aliis Ruscurum, Rusucurum, a City and Republick in Africa, upon the Confines of Barbary, on the Mediterranean Sea; famous for Piracies, and for the loss of a vast Fleet of Ships by a Tempest, belonging to Charles V. in 1541. when that Victorious Prince attempted the Conquest of this place. The English have had better success against them; twice entred their strong Harbours, and burnt their Ships. First under Admiral Blake, April 4. 1655. And afterwards (having been forced to a Peace in 1668. by Sir Thomas Allen, which they broke the year following), in 1670. Capt. Beach meeting 7 of their Men of War, forced them on shoar; two of which they burnt themselves, and the English the other five, releasing 250 Christian Captives. In 1670. Sir Edward Sprague destroy'd 9 more of their Ships near the Castle of Bugia, which plaid upon him with their Cannon. This last Victory reduced those Pirats to beg a Peace, which, with the English they have kept the better since. The French Fleet commanded by Marescal D'Estree, discharged 10420 Bombs into the Town, in July 1688. whereby above two thirds of it were destroy'd; also 5 Ships in Port, belonging to the Government there, were sunk or burnt. The Algerines enraged thereat, shot off the French Consul at the Mouth of a Cannon, with several poor Captives; which was revenged by the French upon three Algerine Officers they had brought in custody with them, whom they shot to death, and put their Bodies upon a Hurdle of Planks to be driven ashoar, to warn their Countrymen of the effects of their Cruelty. This Town is seated 100 Miles from Sally, right over against Minorca. Long. 20. 15. Lat. 32. 45.

Algher, Algaria, Corax, a City of Sardinia, call'd by the Spaniards Alguer; it stands on the Western Shoar of that Isle, in the Northern part of it. This City is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Sassari, from whence it is dist. 16 Miles to the South. The Bishoprick was translated from Orana hither, by Julius II. in 1504.

Algow, Agovia, a County of Schwaben, a Province of Germany. It is bounded on the North by the Danube, and by the Lech, on the East by the Lake of Constance, by the Territory of Hegow to the West, and by the Earldom of Tirol to the South. In this County lie the Marquisate of Burgow, Ausburg, and several other considerable Cities and Towns.

Alhama, Artigi, a City of the Kingdom of Granada, seated upon steep Hills, which was the place of delight to the Moorish Kings of Granada; it lies 7 Leagues from Granada North-West; called in the latter Maps Alcala-real.

Alhilet, Sin, a Desert of Arabia.

Alibaluch, an Island in the Caspian Sea, over against the Province of Taristan in Persia, under the King of Perse.

Alicant, Alonae, a Port of the Kingdom of Valentia in Spain, on the Mediterranean Sea, 10 Leagues from Murcia to the North-East, and from New Carthage, now Valentia, 14. the Bay that comes up to it is now called the Gulph of Alicant.

Alicate, a Town upon the Coast of Sicily.

Alifa, Allipha, a City and a Bishops See under the Archb. of Benevento in the Terra di Lavoro in Naples, upon the River Voltorno. Almost ruin'd. Fabius Maximus gain'd a Victory over the Samnites here.

Aliola, a small Island between Africa and Madagascar, called in the Maps Alion.

Alize, or Alise, Alexia, a place in the Dutchy of Burgundy, now ruinous; formerly famous for the Siege it endured against Jul. Caesar.

Alkebulan, one of the Names by which Africa is called.

Alla, a River in the Ducal Prussia in Poland.

Alleburg, a small Town upon the River Alla in the Ducal Prussia in Poland.

Allelujah, a remarkable Monastery in Aethiopia, so called from the continual singing of Allelujahs in it.

Allemaign. See Germany.

Allendorf, a small Town in Germany under the Landgrave of Hesse Cassel upon the River Wertz, 5 Leagues from Cassel.

Allere, Allera, a River in the Lower Saxony, which rises in the Dutchy of M gdebourg, and passes through that of Lunebourg by Zell and Ferdin to joyn the Weser.

Allersberg, a small Market-Town on the West of the District of Newmarckt, in the upper Palatinate: it belongs to the House of Newburg.

Allia, a River of the Province of Sabina in Italy. See Aia.

Allier, Elaver, a River of France, which riseth in Languedoc, in the Territory of Guivandan, in the Village of Condress, at the foot of Losere, the highest of the Mountains of Cevennes; then running to the North, it watereth and divides the County of Auvergne, as likewise that of Bourbon; where it slides by Moulins, and a little beneath Nevers, falls into the Loire.

Allobroges, an antient People of the Province of Narbona in Gallia▪ Transalpina, so called from the River Labroya, upon the Banks of which they had their Habitations at first, according to Viterbius. They assisted the Carthaginians against the Romans. In the Year of Rome 632. the Romans overthrew them under Cne•• Domitius Aenobarbus, and Fabius Maximus, whence the latter obtained the▪ Title of Allobrogicus.

Allyn, a great Lake in the County of Kildare in Ireland.

Almagra, a Village in the Kingdom of Castile in Spain, remarkable for being the Birth place, and giving Name to Diego Almagra, Pizarro's Comerade in the discovery of Peru in 1525. These two perfidious base-born Vilains taking up Arms afterwards against each other, Almagra became Pizarro's Prisoner, and was kill'd by Pizarro's Brother.

Almaguer, Almagra, a small Town 20 Leagues from Popayan in the Southern America.

Almedine, a Town sometime rich and populous, and the Capital of the Province of Duguela in the Kingdom of Marocco, but now ruin'd.

Almeria, a City and Port in the Kingdom of G•anada, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Granada; seated upon the Mediterranean; having its Name from Amalricus, a Gothish King, who built it; it is distant about twenty Miles from Granada, South-East. § There is another Town of the same name in new Spain with a good Port, upon the Gulph of Mexico; called also Villaricca, and by the Indians Naothalon from a River of that name.

Almina, Abyla, a Mountain in the Kingdom of Fez in Barbary, near the Mouth of the Streights of Gibraltar, or the entrance of the Mediterranean, supposed to be one of Hercules's Pillars.

Almis•a, Almisum, Dalmatium, by the Sclavom ans called Omisc, is a City in Dalmatia upon the Adriatique, under the Turks. It was sometime a Bishops See before it was united to the Archbishoprick of Spalatro.

Almo, a Rivulet in Campagna di Roma, which falls into the Tibur at Rome. The Priests of the Goddess Cybele used to wash the Victims that they Sacrificed to her in these streams.

Almondbury, Camulodunum, a Town in Yorkshire, in the West-Riding, seated upon the River Calder, about 7 miles from Halifax to the South-East; which was once a famous Roman and Saxon City, now a Village.

Almoravides, a People near Mount Atlas in Africa, who Possessed themselves of the Kingdom of Fez in the year 1052.

Almouchiquois, Savages of New France, towards the River Covacourt and the Isle of Bacchus.

Almunequar, a Town in the Kingdom of Granada

Alnewick, a Market-Town in Northumberland on the River Alne (Alaunus), which gives name to it, and soon after falls into the German Ocean. William the Lyon, King of Scots, fought a Battle here with the English in the Reign of Henry II. and was taken Prisoner.

Alney Is•e, a small Island near Glocester made by the Severn. Here Edmond, surnamed Ironside, one of the Saxon Kings of England, fought a single Combat with Canutus the Dane, an Invader, in the view of both their Armies: After which they agreed to reign in Conjunction, each in his part, dividing the Kingdom betwixt them.

Aload, one of the Names of Nilus.

Alopecki, a People of Attica near Athens, amongst whom, according to Diogenes Laertius, Socrates had his Nativity.

Alost, a Town in Flanders, upon the River Dender. This Town was taken by the French in 1667; but restored to the Spaniards again, who now have it. It lies in the middle between Brussels and Gaunt, one mile from Dendermonde. There was an Earldom belonging to this place; which had Earls of its own till 1165. when it fell to Philip E. of Flanders, by Inheritance, and was by him united for ever to Flanders.

Alpes, called by the Germans Alben, is a long Ridg of▪ Mountains, which divide Italy from France and Germany. It begins at Port Monaco, a Town belonging to the States of Genoua, upon the Mediterranean, but in the Hands of the French ever since the Year 1641. And ends at the Gulph of Carnaro, a part of the Adriatick Sea, South of Istria, a Province belonging to the Republick of Venice. It is divided into divers parts, and each of them has its proper Name, besides the General. From the Port of Monaco to the Fountains of the River Var, they are called the Maritim Alpes. From thence to Susa the Cottian Alpes, from Susa to S. Bernard the less, they are called the Greek Alpes: from thence to S. Gothard the Pennine Alpes: next to these follow the Grison Alpes, to the Fountain of the River Piave; that part of them which lie near the City of

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Trent, are called by its Name. Those that follow as far as Dolak, are called the Norician Alpes; from the Fountains of Tajamento to those of the Drave, they are called the Carinthian Alpes; the last are the Julian or Pannonian Alpes. Yet some extend them as far as Dalmatia, and others carry them to Thrace, and the Euxine Sea; but it is the most received opinion, that they end at the Fountains of the River di Kulpe in Liburnia. Thus far Cluvirius.

Alpheus. See Orfea.

Alpon, Vecchio, Alpinus, a River in the Territories of Verona, which falls into the Adige; a River which belongs to the States of Venice.

Alpuxaras, Alpuxarae, a considerable body of Mountains in the Kingdom of Granada in Spain; they were once well peopled, but are almost desolate now; the Moors that inhabited them, having been banished by Philip III.

Alre, Alera, a River in Saxony in Germany. See Allere.

Alrick, or Elrick, Alriens, a River in Twedale in Scotland, which falls into the Tweede.

Als, or Alsits, Alisuntia, a River of the Dukedom of Luxemburg in the Low-Countries; which washeth the Walls of the principal City; and then with the Saar, another River of the same Dukedom, falls into the Moselle above Treves.

Alsatia, called by the Germans Elsass, by the French Alsace, in a Province of Germany in the upper Circle of the Rhein: lying between Schwaben on the East, Lorain on the West; the lower Palatinate, the Territory of Spire, the Dukedom of Bipont, towards the North: and upon the Switzors toward the South. It is divided into three parts. Alsatia, (properly so called) and into the lower and upper Alsatia: which two last parts, with the Bishoprick of Basil, Spire, and Philipsburgh, submitted to Lewis XIII. in 1634. and were yielded to the French, by the Peace of Munster in the Year 1648. The Territories of the Bishop and Chapter of Strasburg, which lie on this side the Rhine, belong to the lower Alsatia.

Alsen, Alsa, or Alsia, is an Island of Denmark in the Baltick Sea, on the Eastern-Shoar of the Dukedom of Sleswick, from which it is parted by a small Channel. At the South end of it stands a magnificent Castle called Suderburgh, which belongs to a branch of the House of Holsatia, with the Title of Duke; and at the North end there is another Castle called Nordoburg, possessed by another Ducal Family. The whole Island is under the Dominion of the D. of Sunderburgh, and is a part of the Dukedom of Sleswick.

Alsford, a Market-Town in Hantshire.

Alster, a River in the Dutchy of Holstein in Germany, falling into the Elb above Hamburgh.

Alssfeldt, one of the antientiest Towns in Hassia. The Burgers of this Town were the first that embraced Luthers Reformation.

Alt, Alta, a small River in Lancashire, falling into the Irish Sea at Ahnouth. § Another in Transylvania. See Olt.

Altahein, Alteimum, an antient Town in the Country of the Grisons.

Altai, a Mountain, the same with Belgon.

Altaich, the Upper and Lower, is the Name of two famous Monastries on the Danow, in the upper Palatinate. They have their Names from Altaha Altachum, or Altaichum, two great old Oaks.

Altamura, or Altavilla, Altus Murus, a Principality and City in the Province of Bari in Naples.

Altem-bourg, vide Aldenburg.

Altembourg, the Name also of a Town in Transylvania, and of another in the Lower Hungary, by the Hungarians call'd Owar▪ • Of another in Bavaria upon the Danube; as likewise of a Ruinated Castle of the Province of Argow in Switzerland, giving the Title of a Count.

Alten, and Altenbotten, a River and Branch of the Norwegian Ocean, in the Province of Werdhuss.

Altino, Altinum, an antient City and Episcopal See within the States of Venice, upon the River Sile, betwixt Padoua and Concordia. Ruined by Attila, King of the Huns. The Bishoprick is Transfer'd to Torcello.

Alton, a Market-Town in Hampshire.

Altorf, Altorfium, the Capital City of the Canton of Ʋri, upon the River Russ in Switzerland, at the Foot of the Alps. § Also a City and University in Franconia, upon the River Schwartzac. The University was Founded by the Magistrates of Nuremberg in 1579. and received its Privileges from the Emperour Rodolph II. in 1581. There is a Castle to it. § A small, but antient Town, within 2 miles of Ravenspurg, in the upper Schwaben in Germany▪ the Guelpian Family were usually Buried here. This Town belongs to the House of Austria, and is the Residence of the high Commissioners of Suevia.

Altringham, a Market-Town in Cheshire, in the Hundred of Buclow.

Alzira, a rich and pleasant (tho small) City in the Kingdom of Valencia in Spain, betwixt two Arms of the River Xucar, over which it has two Bridges; about 5 Leagues from Valencia.

Am, a famous City in Armenia, computed to have 100000 Houses, and 1000 Churches. Taken by the Tartars in 1219.

Amachaches, Amacari, an American People in Brasil, towards St. Sebastian.

Amacusa, an Island and Province under Japan in the East-Indies, having its Capital City of the same Name.

Amadabat, or Armadabat, a Populous City, of great Trade in the Kingdom of Guzurate in the East Indies, which finds out of its own Revenue, for the Service of the Great Mogul, 12000 Horse, and 50 Elephants. The Chan or Governour, assumes the quality of a Prince. It is 18 Leagues from Cambaya, near the River Indus, adorn'd with a Mosque of extraordinary magnificence, where lie the Sepulchres of many of their antient Kings, being heretofore and Idol Temple of the Heathens, till the Turks got the Possession of it.

Amadan, one of the finest and most considerable Cities in Persia, about 9 days Journey from Hispahan, at the Foot of a Mountain.

Amager, o• Amac, Amagria, a Fruitful Island in the Baltick Ocean over against Copenhagen, under the Crown of Denmark.

Amaguana, one of the Luccaye Islands in America, near St. Domingo.

Amalfi, Amalphis, an Archiepiscopal City, and Dukedom of the Kingdom of Naples; but notwithstanding these great Honours, it is little, and ill built. It stands upon the Bay of Salerno, the West part of which is called La Costa d' Amalfi. It is said the Body of S. Andrew is kept here. And in this place Flavio Gioia found out the use of the Compass in the Year 1300. It is •• miles distant from Salerno, and 24 from Naples, to the North-East.

Amana, another of the Luccaye Islands.

Am•nthea, Amantia, a City and Bishops▪ See, under the Archbishop of Regio in Calabria in the Kingdom of Naples, upon the Mediterranean. There is a Castle to it, which, with the adjacent Country, depends upon the Prince of Bisignano.

Amanus, or Amana, a Mountain mentioned Cantic. 4. 8. dividing Cilicia from Syria. Alexander III. overthrew Darius the first time at this passage into Syria, called by the antients Amanicae Portae.

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A•apai•, a Province of new Andalusia in America, near the River Orenoque.

Amara, an high Mountain with a City of the same Name built upon it, which gives Name to a Kingdom, in the very midst of Aethiopia; we are told the Children and Reltations of the Royal Family are here kept in Custody, and that upon the death of their Prince, they fetch another from hence. But others pretend they are kept in Ovohni in the Province of Oinadag. It lies under the Line, in 65 degrees of Longitude.

Amarantes, an antient People of Colchis in Asia Minor, dwelling upon a Mountain of the same Name, whence arises the River Phasis.

Amasia, a City of Cappadocia, in Asia the Less, upon the River Casalmach (Iris,) which falls into the Euxine Sea. This City is called by the Turks Amnasan; it was an Archbishoprick, with four Suffragans. The Turks have been possessed of it three Ages: it is large, the Capital of those Countries, and the Seat of the Beglerbeg of Cappadocia, now called by the Turks Tocat. Strabo, the antient Geographer, who was born here, gives a very particular Account of this place. It now gives the Title of Archbishop to Signior D'Adda, the late Nuncio in England from P. Innocent XI. who promoted him to a Cardinalate amongst Ten others, Feb. 13. 1689. It lies in Long. 65. 52. Latit. 44. 25.

Amath, Epiphania, a Town in Palestine. Built by Amath, the Son of Chanaan; and mentioned by Josephus as extant in his time. Pliny speaks of another in the East-Indies.

Amathonte, Amathusa, an antient City of Cyprus, in which Venus had formerly a Temple Consecrated to her of great Fame: Since a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Nocosia.

Amatique, or S. Thomas, a Town of North America in New-Spain, in the Province de Honduras, 18 Leagues distant from the North Sea; which was Built Anno 1597. There is a River in the same Province called Amatitu•.

Amato. See Lameto.

Amaxie, an antient City of Troas in Asia Minor, where Apollo had a Temple in his Honour. § Another of Cilicia, given by Marc Anthony to Cleopatra.

Amaxobient, an antient People of Sarmatia.

The River of Amazons is one of the biggest Rivers in the World: it belongs to the South America, and riseth near Quitum, a City of Peru, out of two Marshes which lie within two Leagues of each other at the foot of the Mountains of Cordillera; then running to the East, and being augmented by the Streams of Coca, Napo, and others, it passeth the Provinces of Canela and Pacamor, where it receives the River Xauxa or Maranio; so passing many other Provinces after a Course of 1200 Leagues, it falls into the North Ocean between Brasile and Guiana. The mouth of it is very large, and full of Islands: it was first found in 1541. by Joannes Orellano a Spaniard, and therefore some have called it the River of Orellan. Peter Texeira, a Spaniard, has made a very exact Description of it, having spent 10 Months in surveying it, in 1639.

Ambadar, a Town upon the Nile, in the Kingdom of Bagamedri in Abyssinia.

Amba-Geshen, a Mountain almost impregnable in the Confines of Amhara, prodigiously high (in the form of a Castle, built of Free-stone. It is half a Portugal League broad at the top, and at the bottom half a days Journey about.

Ambarri, an antient People amongst the Gauls, mentioned by Cesar.

Amber, Ambrus, a River of Bavaria in Germany. It arises towards Tirol, and falls into the Iser near Landshut.

Amberg, a City of Germany, in the Province of Northgow, upon the River Wils: it belongs now to the Duke of Bavaria; but both it, and the Country about it, did belong to the Elector Palatine. It is 7 German Miles from Ratisbone, and 8 from Noremborg.

Ambiam, a Kingdom of the Higher Ethiopia, between the Kingdoms of Bagmid and Quara. It takes its Name from the head City of it.

Ambiancativa, a City and Kingdom of Ethiopia the Higher, which has the Nile on the East, and the Lake of Amasen on the West.

Ambibarri, an antient People amongst the Gauls, mentioned by Cesar, and supposed to be those of the Diocese (now) of Avranches in Normandy.

Ambie, or Hambie, a Town in Normandy, thought to retain its Name from the Ambibarri.

Amboina, is an Island of the East-Indies: the whole Circuit whereof is 16 Leagues; but yet it is of great Consideration, by reason of the plenty of Spice which it affords. It was discovered by the Portuguese in 1515. In 1605. the Dutch drove out the Portugal Forces, and possessed themselves of Amboina, the principal Town, by one Stephen van Hagan; but that which makes this Island most infamous, was, the Cruelties of the Dutch executed upon the English in 1618. It lies not far from the Moluccoes, and is reckon'd among the Selebes. This Island lies West of Banda 24 Leagues, and very near the Line.

Amboise, Ambacia, is a Town and Castle in Touraine in France, near the Loir, over which it has a Bridge. The Kings of France have often retir'd hither for their Privacy and Pleasure. Charles VIII. was born here 1470. and died here April 7. 1498. But most memorable is this place for the Surprize intended against Francis II. by the Hugonots in 1560. which gave Birth to a lasting War in France. This Town lies 6 Leagues from Tours, and 10 from Blois.

Amboule, a fruitful Valley in the Southern part of the Isle of Madagascar.

Ambracia, a considerable Episcopal City of Epirus, upon a Bay of the same Name, in which the Battel of Actium was sought by the Fleets of Augustus and Mark Antony. This was the Regal City of the famous Pyrrbus, King of Epirus; distant from Prevesa, (Nicopolis) 25 Miles.

Ambres-bury, Ambresburia, a Town in Wileshire, about 5 Miles West of Salisbury, and 2 Miles North of Stone-•enge, seated upon the River Avon; which takes its Name from Ambrosius, the first King of the Britains after the Romans forsook them, who is here supposed to have been slain and buried. Cambden.

Ambrisi, Ambrisius, a River in the remotest Aethiopia, in the Kingdom of Congo: it ariseth in the Mountains near the City of Tinda, and falls into the Aethiopick Ocean between Lelunda and the Lose, about 5 deg. from the Line South.

Ambroise, a small Town at the entrance into Piedmont, upon the River Doria. Near to it stands the celebrated Abby of L'Ecluse, that they say was built by the hands of Angels; belonging to the Benedictines, and one of the four chief Houses in Europe of that Order.

Ambroni, an antient People of Switzerland•, or according to some, of Dauphiné in France on the side of Ambrune. Marius gave them a bloody Overthrow near the little River Arc in Provence, between Aix and S. Maximin, in the year of Rome 652. The Marks of this Victory being yet extant upon the Rests of a Pyramid there.

Ambrune, a City in the Dauphinate of France, call'd in Latin Ebrodunum: It is an Archbishops See, small but strong; seated upon the River Durance, which falls into the Rhosne, one League beneath Avignon: it lies 23 Leagues North-East of Grenoble, and 37 from Li•nt.

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Amel, a Kingdom of Africa upon the Atlantick Ocean, between the Outlets of the River Niger, and on the Western side of it.

Amelant, an Island belonging to the Dutch in the German Ocean, on the Shoars of Friseland.

Amelia, a City of S. Peter's Patrimony in Italy, said to be built 964 years before Perseus: It is an independent Bishops See, about 6 Miles from Narni. The Ameria of the Antients, and the birth-place of that Roscius whose Cause is defended by Cicero.

AMERICA, the Fourth Part of the World, and greater than the other Three. Wholly unknown to us till 1499. when Christopher Columbo, or Colono, a Genouese, first discovered it; at the Charges of Ferdinando and Isabella, King and Queen of Spain. Americus Vespuccio, a Florentine, seven years after being sent by Emanuel, King of Portugal, went further, and discovered the Continent, and from him it has its Name; but it is no less frequently call'd the West-Indies. It lies in length, from North to South, under the shape of two vast Peninsula's, knit together by the Streights of Panama, where the Land is not above 17 Leagues from Sea to Sea. On the Western side it has the Pacifick Ocean; on the East the Atlantick; on the South the Streights of Magellan or Le-Maire; but as to the North, the Bounds of it are not disco•ered, by reason of the great Cold, and nearness to the Northern Pole. Great part of it is under the Spaniards, viz. Peru, New Spain, Terra firma, Paragua, Chili, and many of the Northern and Southern Islands; yet divers of the Maritime parts are under the Portugals, English, French, and Hollanders. Particularly the English, either by being first Occupants, or else by Conquest have made themselves Masters of the large Northern Continents adjoining to Hudson's Bay, New England, Virginia, Mary-Land, Carolina, and of many adjacent Islands: and in the more Southern Parts they are possessed of the wealthy Islands of Jamaica, Barbadoes, Mevis, &c. Those Natives that live in these parts with the Europeans are much civilized; but those that inhabit the Inland Countries retain their antient barbarous Customs. This vast Continent is divided into the Southern and Northern Ameica, by the Bay of Mexico and the Streights of Panama. The Islands which lie about it in both the Oceans, are too numerous to be here recounted.

Amersford, a small Town in the State of Ʋtrecht in Holland, upon the River Em, under the Dominion of the United States, tho once an Imperial City. In 1624. it was taken by the Spaniards, but soon after retaken by the Dutch; and in 1672. it fell into the hands of the French, who deserted it two years after. It lies about 3 Leagues East of Ʋtrecht.

Amersham, a Market-Town in Buckinghamshire. See Agmundesham.

Amhara. See Amara.

Amida. See Caramit.

Amiens, Samarobrina, Samarobriga, the chief City of Picardy, and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Rheims; it stands upon the River Somme, mid-way in the Road between Calais and Paris, about 25 French Miles from each. It was a long time the Frontier Town of France, surprized by the Spaniards in 1597. but soon after retaken by that Victorious Prince Henry IV. Built by Antonius Pius the Emperour, and was call'd at first Samarobriga, that is, the Bridge upon Samara. In the Cathedral Church of Nostre Dame they preserve the Head of S. John Baptist, which they say was found by a Gentleman of Picardy at the taking of Constantinople in 1204. as a most extraordinary Relique. There is an Historical Treatise of this Head, written by the Sieur du Cange. The Country l' Amiennois takes it Name from Amiens.

Amilo, Amulus, a River in Mauritania mention'd by Pliny.

Amiterno, an antient City in the Province of Abruzzo in Italy, and sometime an Episcopal See, which has been translated to Aquila. It was the Birth place of the Historian Salust. The Ruins of a Theatre, a Church, and a great Tower are yet to be seen.

Amititan, or Amuitan, a Lake in New Spain in America.

Amixoeares, an American People of Brasil.

Ammerze, Ammer, a great Lake or Marsh in Bavaria in Germany.

The Ammonites, an antient People of Palestine, descended from Ammon the Son of Lot; in the History of the Old Testament, famous for their Wars with Israel, who gave them several great Defeats under Jephtha, Saul, Joab, Joatham, and Judas Macchabeus. § Also another antient People of Libya in Africa, who lived toward the Temple of Jupiter Ammon.

Amond, Almon, a River in the County of Lothain in Scotland. It falls into Edenburg Fyrth.

Amone, or Lamone, a River arising at the foot of the Apennines in Italy, and passing by Faenza to fall into the Po near Ravenna.

Amorbach, Amorbachium, a Town of Franconia in Germany, upon the River Muldt, under the Elector of Mentz.

Amorium, an antient City of Phrygia in Asia Minor, and sometime an Archiepiscopal See under the Patriarch of Constantinople. Taken and burnt by the Saracens in 840.

The Amorites, an antient People of Palestine, descended from Canaan: who, with their two Kings Sehon and Og, were vanquish'd by the Israelites, and their Country distributed amongst the Tribes of Ruben, Gad, and Manasseh.

Ampatres, an Indian People in the Island of Madagascar.

Ampelusia, Ampelos, a Cape upon the Streights of Gibraltar in Mauritania Tingitana, now call'd Cape Esparto. § Also a Town and Cape in Macedonia, call'd now Capo Canistro. § And a Cape in Crete, now call'd Capo Sagro.

Amphaxe, a small Town upon the Gulph of Contessa in Macedonia. It did antiently give Name to the Country Amphaxites.

Amphipolis. See Emboli.

Amphryse, a River in Thessalia. § Another in Phrygia in Asia Minor, and a Town in Phocis.

Ampthill, a Market-Town in Bedfordshire. The Earl of Alesbury has a noble Seat here.

Ampurdan, a Country of Catalonia; its capital City was the antient Emporiae (Ampurias) upon the Mediterranean, 6 Leagues from Girona; sometime divided betwixt 3 Nations, Spaniards, Greeks, and Romans. Cato obtain'd a signal Victory over the Spaniards here, in the year of Rome 558. It was afterwards the Seat of a Bishop; but being ruin'd in the Wars with the Moors, the See was translated to Girona.

Amrom, or Amrod, an Island towards the Dutchy of Sleswick in Denmark.

Amsterdam, Amstelodamium, is the chief Town of the Province of Holland, seated upon the River Yam. It is a new City, first Fortisied in 1492. but within this last hundred Years it has received its greatest growth, and is now one of the greatest Marts in Europe. It takes its Name from the River Amstel, which glides by it: and has a large, convenient, and a well-traded-haven. The Riches, number of Ships, and Merchants belonging to it, are equal to those of most Cities in Christendom. It was taken by the Hollanlers under Prince William of Nassau, from the Spaniard, in 1578. having been heretofore one of the Imperial Cities: it stands about two Leagues from the Zuider Sea, and four from Ʋtrecht. § The Hollanders have given the Name of Amsterdam to an Island in the Frosen Sea, toward Greenland. To a Town and Port of theirs in their Colonies in the Northern America. To an Island in the Indian Ocean, betwixt Madagascar and new Holland. And lastly, to another Island by them discover'd towards Japan.

Amu, or Amus, a Lake in the Country of Ʋsbech in Tartary.

Amudez, a Town in the Kingdom of Tunis in Africa.

Amurgos, or Murgos, an Island in the Archipelago, with a City that has sometime been the Seat of a Bishop. Simonides the antient Poet was born here.

Amyclea, an antient City in the Terra di Lavoro in Italy; whose surprisal and destruction by the Enemy, occasioned that known Proverb, Amyclas perdidit silentium.

Amycles. See Scala Marmorea. § The Name also of an antient City in the Morea, where Apollo had his Temple.

Amydon, an antient City of Macedonia, upon the River Axïus.

Amyrus, a River of Thessalia.

Amyzon. See Mezo.

Ana, a Town of Arabia Deserta, upon the River Euphrates.

Anabagatha, a City and an Archiepiscopal See, under the Patriarch of Antioch in Asia.

Anacandrians, Indians in the Isle of Madagascar.

Anachimoussi, other Indians in the same.

Anactoire, an antient City of Epirus upon the Bay of Ambracia: the Anactorium of the Antients. And another in Ionia.

Anacuies, Indians of Brasil.

Anaf, or Anfa, a Town, sometime the Capital of the Province of Temesen, in the Kingdom of Fez upon the Atlantick Ocean. Burnt by Alphonsus King of Portugal in 1468.

Anaghelome, a small Town in the County of Down in ulster in Ireland upon the River Ban.

Anagni, or Agnani, a City and Bishops See in the States of the Church in Italy. Rich and powerful in the time of the old Romans; now almost ruin'd and little inhabited.

Anagyrus, a Tract in Achaia; so call'd from the growth of Bean-Cod Trees there.

Anandale, is a County in the West of Scotland, upon the River Solway, which parts Scotland from England: It takes its Name from the River Anan, as doth also the principal Town in it, which (saith Camden) lost all the Glory and Beauty it had by the English War in the Reign of Edward VI.

Anapanomene, a Fountain of Epirus mention'd by Pliny.

Anaph, an Island in the Archipelago, now call'd Nanfio.

Anaplyste, an antient Maritim Town in Greece near Athens.

Anapo, Anapus, a River of Sicily. § Also another of Epirus.

Anapuia, a Province of Venezuela in the South America.

Anaquito, a Country in the Province of Quito in Peru; where the two Parties of Almagra and Pizarro (joynt-discovers of Peru) engag'd each other in Battel in 1546. See Almagra.

Anatolia, Asia Minor, call'd by the Turks, Natolie, is a considerable part of Asia, extending it self Westward to the Shoars of Greece. It is bounded on the North with the Euxine or Black Sea; on the East it is separated from Syria and Armenia Major by the Euphrates; on the South it has the Mediterranean; and on the North it is severed from Greece and Thrace by the Bosphorus and many other Seas. It is all of it in miserable Slavery under the Turks, who have strangly depopulated, impoverish'd, and ruin'd this once most rich and powerful Country.

Anatolico, A Village of the Province of Despotato (or the antient Aetolia) in Greece: built in a Marsh like Venice.

Anazarbe, See Aczar.

Anazzo, Gnazzi, or Torre d'Anasso; a City in the Province of Bari, in the Kingdom of Naples; supposed to be the ruinated Egnatia, whose Episcopal See is transferr'd to Monopoli.

Ancam, Ancamia; an Island on the Coast of China to the Province of Canton.

Ancamares or Anoamares, Indians in the South America, along the River Madera.

Ancaster, the antient Crocolana or Crorolana; a Town upon Lincoln Heath, within 12 Miles of Lincoln.

Ancenis, Ancenesium, a City in Britany in France upon the Loyre. The Castle that it had is ruin'd.

Anchiale, the same with Kenkis. § Also a City of Cilicia in Asia, remarkable for the Tomb and Statue of the Effeminate Sardanapalus.

Anchisa, a part of the Mountain Atlas.

Anchora, Asine, an antient small City in the Morea near Modon,

Anclam,, Anclamum, a very strong Town in Pomerania, under the Government of the King of Sweden, upon the River Pene. It was taken from the Swedes by the Duke of Brandenburg in 1676. and restored to them in 1679. It lies 8 German Miles South-East from Stetin.

Ancona, the principal City of Marca Anconitana; which Territory takes its name from this City: it stands upon the Adriatick Sea, near the Promontory of S. Ciriaco. Built by the Syracusans, who fled hither to avoid the fury of their Tyrant. The Haven was built by Trajan the Emperor, and is one of the fairest in the World, but not so safe as capacious In 1532. Pope Clement the VII. built here a a very strong Castle, upon pretence of securing the City against the Turks, but in reality to bring it into a greater subjection to the Popedom, in whose Dominions it is; tho formerly a kind of a Republick: it has a Bishop who is not under any Archbishop. It is distant from Rome 110 Miles to the North-East, and from Ʋrbino 53 Miles to the South-East.

Ancyra, See Engury

Anczakrich, Anczacricus, a River of Ʋkrane in Poland, which falls into the Black Sea. within one Polish Mile of Oczakow, which is now in the Possession of the Turcks, and stands near the Mouth of the Neister, [Borysthenes.]

Andaguaslas, Indians of Peru in America, between the Rivers Abanca and Xauxa.

Andaluzia, Vandalitia, a Kingdom in the South of Spain: bounded on the North with the Province of Estremadura and New Castile; on the East with the Kingdom of Granada; on the South with the Ocean and the Mediterranean, and on the West with the Atlantick Ocean and Algarve in Portugal: This is the most rich and fertile Country in all Spain The Moors erected in it two Kingdoms, that of Corduba, and that of Sevil (Hispalis,) which were both re-conquered and added to Castile by Ferdinand II. in 1248. It is divided into two parts by the River Guadalquivir (Betis) and the chief City is Sevil.

New Andalusia, a Province of the Terra-firm• in America, between Venezuela and Guiana. The chief City of it is new Corduba. They used to fish for Pearl upon those Coasts.

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Anoanagar, a City in the Kingdom of Decan in the East-Indies, almost ruin'd.

Andance, Andancia, a small Town in Vivarets in Languedoc in France; where the River Dome falls into the Rhosne.

Andarge, a River arising in the Valleys of Ʋns•an in France, which falls into the Arron near Verneuill.

Andaye, a Town in France upon the frontiers of Spain, two Leagues from S. Jean de Luz.

Andeli, Andelium, Andeliacum, a Town in Normandy upon the Seine. Anthony of Bourbon King of Navarre and Father to Henry IV. dyed here of the Wounds he received at the Siege of Rouen.

An•e••e, a River of France, arising hard by la Ferte, which falls into the Seine at l'Arche.

Andelot, a Town in Champagne in France, upon the River Rougn•n▪ of extraordinary Privileges.

Andema•n, the name of halt a dozen Islands in the Gulph of Ganges, near the Kingdom of Pegu, in the East-Indies.

Andera, a City of Phrygia in Asia Minor.

Anderna•, Antenacum, a Town upon the Rhine, in the Archbishoprick of Cologne.

Anderskaw or Andershouw, a great Monastery heretofore, now a strong Castle in the Island of Seeland in Denmark; delicately built. Here Frederick II. dyed, in 1548.

Andes, called by some the Cordillera's, is one of the vastest and highest Ridges of Mountains in the World: they begin in the North part of the Kingdom of Peru, and are continued from thence, without any Interruption, to the Streights of Magellan by the space of 1000 Spanish Leagues: much of the same height, and seldom above 20, 30 or 40 Leagues from the Pacifick Ocean: many of them burn perpetually towards Chili.

Andiatoroque, a Lake of New France in America

Andore, a fruitful Valley of the Pyranees in Catalognia.

Andover, is a Corporation in the North-west part of the County of Hampshire, which sends Burgesses to Parliament, and gives the Title of a Viscount to the Honorable Earls of Berkshire, now in the Possession of Tho. Howard: it is seated about 18 Miles from Southampton to the North-west.

Andra or A•dra, a River upon the Coast of Guinea in Africa.

Andragiri or Gudaviri, a City and Kingdom in the Island of Sumatra in Asia, almost under the Equinoctial.

Andres, Androsia, a City of Galatia near Engury, mention'd by Ptolomy.

S. Andrews, [Andreapolis,] a City of Fife in the South of Scotland, North of the Frith of Edenburgh, upon the German Ocean, into which it hath a fair Prospect, and upon which it hath a large Haven. The ancient name of this place was Regimund: it hath an University, erected by James I. An. Dom. 1426. It is also an Archbishops See, erected by Pope Sixtus IV. An. 1471. instead of Aberneath. The Archbishops of all Scotland were heretofore under the Archbishop of York, till James III. of Scotland representing to the Pope that there were frequent Wars between England and Scotland, obtain'd from the said Pope, That the Archbishop of S. Andrew should be independent Primate of Scotland, in the twel•th year of his Reign: yet Innocentius VIII. who immediatly succeeded him, obliged this Primate and his Successors to observe the laudable Customs of the famous Metropolitan Church of Canterbury. This City in 1651. not surrendring upon the first Summons, to our English victorious Rebels was sin'd Five hundred Pounds; but had it remitted upon shewing they were poor Scholars. It is 38 Miles from Edenburgh, to the North-east, and 23 from Aberneath to the East: it lies in Lon. 17. 28. Lat. 57. 46.

Andro, Andros, Andria, an Island in the Archipelago, with a City of the same name, which is an Episcopal See under Athens, inhabited by Greeks, Latins and Turks. The Antients call this Island, Cauros, Lysia, Nonagria, and by several other names.

Androgynes, an antient People of Africa, composed they say of both Sexes; their right Breast a Mans, the left a Womans. Pliny and Aristotle.

Androsen or Androsen, Androsa, a small Town in the County of Cunningham in Scotland, upon the Western Shoar.

Anduze, Andusa ad Gardonem, a Town in Languedoc in France, upon the River Gardon; heretofore fortified; demolished by Lewis XIII.

Anenas or Andenas, an Island upon the Coast of Norway, Southward.

Anet, a Town in the Isle of France upon the River Eure, adorn'd with a Castle of extraordinary Magnificence, which was built in the Reign of Henry II. It gives the Title of a Principality to the Duke of Vendosme.

Angamala, a City in the Promontory of Malabar, in the East-Indies, upon the River Aicot, as likewise a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Goa, till Pope Paul V. in 1609. changed it into the Archiepiscopal See of Cranganor, and constituted that as Metrapolitan of the Christians of S. Thomas,

Angediva, a small Island under the Portuguese, in the Kingdom of Decan in the East-Indies.

Angeles, Angelepolis, or Puebla de los Angeles, a City in a Province of the same name, (otherwise called Tlascala by the Indians) in New Spain in America; built in 1531. by the Spaniards, who have established an Episcopal See in it under the Archbishop of Mexico.

Angermund, vid. Tangermund.

Angers, Juliomagus, in Caesar Andes, is the Head of the Dukedom of Anjou, a large well built City, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tours. It is Seated on the River Sar•re, in a very good Air; and is also an University, founded by Lewis II. Duke of Anjou, the Son of King John of France, Anno 1388. This City is 26 Leagues from Tours towards the West, and within 1 League of the Loire. In 1685. Lewis XIV. established by his Letters Patents an Academy here of Thirty ingenious Persons, who are all to be born in the Province of Anjou, under the Title of the Royal Academy of Angers. The famous Berengarius was Arch-deacon here.

Angitia, the antient name of Selva d'Albi, a Forest between the City of Albi in Languedoc, and the Lake Fucinus.

Anglesey, Mona, called by the Welch, Mon or Tir-mon, and Anglesey from the English after they conquered it: it is compassed on all sides with the Irish Sea, which separates it from the County of Carnarvan in Wales, by so narrow a Channel, that in some places it may be forded at low Water: it is in compass sixty Miles, making one of the Counties of Wales, and the most fruitful. This Island was the Seat of the Brittish Druides, subdued for the Romans by Suetonius Paulinus, in the Reign of Nero; but he not being able to perfect the Conquest, Julius Agricola his Successor, did it effectually. Edward I. brought it in Subjection to the Crown of England in 1282, till which time it was under the Kings of North-Wales. The Right Honorable Arthur Annesly, a great lover of Learning and Books, was lately Earl of this County.

Angola, a Kingdom in Africa, upon the South of the Kingdom of Congo.

Angote, a City and Kingdom in the Upper Aethiopia.

Angoulesme, Engolisma, is an Episcopal City in Aquitaine in France, under the Archbishop of Bourdeaux; it stands upon the River Charme, which falls into the Ocean right over against the Island of Orleron. There is belonging to it also a Dukedom which is bounded upon the North with Poictou, upon the East with Limosin, upon the South with Pericort, and upon the West with Xantogn. This Dukedom is call'd by the name of Angoumois.

Angra, the chief City of the Island of Tercera, and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Lisbon.

Anguien, Enguien, Angia, a small City in Hainault, between Mons and Brussels. It has the Honor to give the Title of a Baron to the Princes of the House of Bourbon.

Anguilla, is one of the Caribby Islands planted by the English: it lies in 18 deg. 21 min. Nor. Lat. and 330 of Longit. in length about 10 Leagues, in breadth 3. formerly call'd Snake Island, from its shape. The Tobacco of this Island is well esteemed.

Anguillara, a Town and Lake in the Padouan in the States of Venice. § Also a Town in the States of the Church, upon the Lake of Bracciano.

Anhalt, a City almost ruin'd, and a Principality, but little considerable, in the Upper Saxony in Germany, watered by the River Sala. The House of Anhalt has possessed the Electorates of Brandenburgh and Saxony for several Ages.

Anian, a Streight, supposed to be between Asia and America, but could never yet be discovered where or whether there be any such Passage or no: It is thought to lie North of China and Japan, and to disjoyn the Eastern part of Asia from the Western part of America.

Anian•u, a City in the Province of Chuqnami in China.

Aniava, Aniwa, a Promontory discovered by the Hollanders in the Terra de Jesso to the North of Japan.

Anigre, Anigrus, a River of the Morea.

Animacha, a River arising in the Kingdom of Callecutt in the East-Indies, which falls into the Ocean six Leagues off Cranagor, giving its Name to a Town in its way.

Anjou, Andegavia, is one of the noblest Dukedoms of France: bounded on the East with La Beausse, on the West with Britain and part of Poictou, on the South, in part by Berry, and in part by Poictou, in which Circumference are included Anjou, Tourein, and Maine. This Country is for the most part very fruitful and pleasant, especially in Tourein, and along the Loire. Anjou, properly so call'd, is seated between Tourein and Maine, and was so call'd from the Andegavi, the old Inhabitants of it. Henry II. King of England, was Earl of Anjou by Inheritance from his Father, as he was K. of England by Maud his Mother, Daughter to Henry I. King John, his Son, lost it; and ever since it has been annexed to the Crown of France, or given to the younger Sons of that Royal Family.

Anna. See Ana. The Name also of a Town upon the River Astan in Arabia deserta.

Annaberg, a City of Misnia in Germany upon the River Schop, near Marienberg.

Annacious, Annacieugi, a People of Brasil in America towards Porto Seguro.

Annagh, a Town in the County of Cavan in Ʋlster in Ireland. § Another in the County of Down.

Anneci, Annecium, a neat City in Savoy, with a Castle. It is the Capital of the Dukedom of Geneva, seated upon a Lake of the same name; where the River Tioud issueth out of the Lake at the foot of the Mountain Saymenoz: heretofore greater, but now it is little, and not well inhabited, tho the See of the Bishops of Geneva has been translated thither above 100 years. In this place resteth the Body of S. Francis de Sales, who was Bishop and Prince of Geneva, near the time of the Reformation of Calv•• This City is 6 Leagues from Geneva, South.

Annibi, a Lake of North Tartary in Asia, where there are Mountains of the same name.

Annobon, an Island upon the Coast of Guiney, 10 Leagues in circuit towards the Isle of S. Thomas. The Portuguese gave it that name, because they discovered it upon a New-Years Day.

Annonay, Annonaeum, Annoniacum, a City with the Title of a Marquisate in the Province of Vivarets in France, upon the River Deume.

Anone, Anonium, or Roque de Non, a Town in the Milanese in Italy upon the River Tana••, almost ruin'd.

Anossi, Carcanossi, Androbeizaba, a Province of the Isle of Madagascar. There are some Colonies of French in it.

Anot, a small City of Provence in France.

Anoth, one of the Scilly Islands.

Anpadore, Cataractus, a River of Candia.

Ansa, a River in the Province of Friuli in Italy. It passes by Aqueleia to the Adriatique Ocean.

Anse, a small City in the Province of Lyennois in France. 4 Leagues from Lyons. Made a Roman Garrison in the time of Augustus, who gave it the name of Antium.

Ansene, Angria, a small City in Aegypt, 20 Leagues from Cairo, near the Nile.

Ansianactes, a People of the Western part of the Isle of Madagascar.

Ansiquains, Ansicani, a People of Abyssinia, commended for their Fidelity and Honesty.

Anslo, or Opslo, Anslooa, a City of the Province of Aggerhuys in Norway, with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Drontheim, seated upon a Bay of the same name, 35 Miles from the Baltick Sea, Northward: it has a Castle near it call'd Aggerhuslo. This City was miserably ruin'd by Fire, in the Reign of Christian IV. who rebuilt it in Anno 1614. and call'd it Christianstad from his own Name. In this City were celebrated the Nuptials of James I. King of England, with the Lady Ann, Daughter of Frederick II. King of Denmark, Novemb, 23. 1589. It stands 56 German Miles from Stockholme, We•t.

Anspach. See Onspach.

Antavares, a People on the South part of the Isle of Madagascar. The French had settled themselves amongst them, and were afterwards Massacred by them.

Ante, Anta, a River in Normandy which washeth the Town of Failaise, and 3 Leagues lower falls into the Dive, which last falls into the British Sea, 4 Leagues East of Caen.

Ante, Anta, a small Town and Port in Guiny in Africa, 3 Leagues from the Cape of Three Heads East.

Antego, one of the Caribby Islands plac'd in 16 d. 11. •. of Northern Lat. and 339 of Long. inhabited by the English for some years, and is about 6 or 7 Leagues in length and breadth; difficult of Access, and not much stor'd with Springs, which the Inhabitants supply by Ponds and Cisterns.

Antequera, a small ill built City of New Spain in America, 80 Leagues from Mexico, which in 1535. was made a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mexico, by Pope Paul III. § Also a small Town in the Kingdom of Granada in Old Spain.

Antessa, Antissa, an antient City in the Island of Lesbos, which was heretofore a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mitylene. Ovid speaks of it, as also the antient Geographers, under the notion of its being it self an Island in their times: whence some believe, that the Canal betwixt Lesbos and it, has, by degrees, filled up and united with the Island of Lesbos.

Antibes, a Town and Port in Provence in France, which was heretofore a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Ambrun; but the See is since transferred to la Grace. There is a Castle to it.

Anticyra, an Island of Thessalia, famous for its Hellebore.

Antifello, Antiphellus, an antient City of Lysia in Asia upon the Mediterranean, and sometime the See of a Bishop.

Antigonia, the capital City of the Province of Chaonia in Epirus: Heretofore considerable. § Another of Macedonia. § Also an Island discovered by the Portuguese near the Island of S. Thomas.

Antilaban, an inhabited Mountain in Syria over against Mount Libanus.

Antilles, the same with the Caribby Islands.

Antinoe, Antios, Antinopolis, a City of Aegypt, 6 Leagues from the Nile, and heretofore a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Thebes. It had Twelve Religious Houses in it for Women in the time of Palladius. Now utterly ruin'd.

Antiochia Ciliciae, was a City of Asia the Less in Cilicia, a Bishops See, seated upon the River Pyramus; but what it is now is not known.

Antiochia Meandri, See Tachiali.

Antiochia Comagenae, was a City and a Bishops See at the foot of Mount Taurus in Syria, between Anazarbe and Antioch upon the Euphrates. Some say it still retains its name.

Antioch upon the Euphrates. This City is mentioned by Pliny, and upon the reverse of a Medal of the Emperor Severus. Perhaps the same with that which the Syrians call Arados in Stephanus; who recounts 10 others of this name, of less importance: the places of Situation are now unknown.

Antiochia in America, a small City in the Kingdom of Popayan in the South America, 15 Leagues from S. Foy.

Antiochia Pisidiae, mention'd Acts 13. 14. was afterwards an Archbishops See; but it is now a mean Village, and called by the Turks Versacgeli, or as others say Antachio: it is distant from Iconium 60 Miles North-West, from Ephesus 160 East.

Antipatride, Antipatris, a City of Palestine, built by Herod the Great, and so call'd in Honor of Antipater his Father. Baldwin I. King of Jerusalem took it in 1101. and erected the Church into an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Caesarea: in 1265. the Saracens took it again and have quite ruined it. It stood 6 Leagues from Joppe.

Antiscoti, or the Isle of Assumption, an Isle in the Gulph of S. Lawrence in New France in America, where the French have establish'd some Colonies.

Antium, Antio Rovinato, an ancient City of Italy, the Capital of the Volsci; Famous in the Roman times for a Temple consecrated to Fortune: Sometime also a Bishops See, but since ruined by the Saracens.

Antivari, Antibarum, a Metropolitan City of Dalmatia, seated upon a Mount upon the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea, under the Dominion of the Turks. The Archbishop of this City had 9 suffragan Bishops under him▪ it is distant from Budoa West, and Dolcingo East, 10. Miles; from Scutari South, 18 Miles.

Antongil, a Bay and Country in the Northern part of the Isle of Madagascar.

Antrim, the most Northern County in the Province of Ʋlster in Ireland; divided into 9 Baronies, which are bounded on the East by S. Georges Channel, on the the West by the River Banne, that parts it from London-Derry; on the North the Deucalidonian Ocean, on the South the County of Down. The chief Town is Carrick-fergus.

Antron, an antient Town of Thessalia. The Asses of this Country were said to be prodigiously great, whence the Proverb Asinus Antronius, for a very ignorant Person.

Antros, a small Island at the Mouth of the Garonne, on the Coast of Guienne in France, where stands the celebrated Tour de Cordovan, to light the Vessels that go to Bordeaux.

Anzerma, or S. Anna d' Anzerma, a small City in the Kingdom of Popayan in America.

Aoaxe, a River of Abissinia in Africa; it riseth in the Borders of the Provinces of Xao and Oggo, and being augmented with the Streams of Machi, it runs Eastward through the Kingdom of Adel; the Capital of which, Avea Guerela, being watered by it, it falls into the Gulph of Arabia.

Aonia, a mountainous Country of Baeotia in Greece with a River of the same Name:

Aorna, Aornus, a City of Bactria and a very strong rocky Castle in the Indies, both taken heretofore by Alexander the Great. § Also a River of Arcadia, and a certain contagious Lake of Epirus, and a Lake in Italy, mention'd by Virgil.

Aouste, Augusta praetoria, a City and Dukedom of Piedinont: It is an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Tarantaise, and a part of the Dominions of the Duke of Savoy: it stands in a mountainous, but fruitful Soil; at the foot of the Grecian Alpes, upon the River Doria, where it receives the River Bauteggio, which do both fall into the Po. This City was a Roman Colony, call'd by Pliny, Italiae Limes, the Frontier of Italy. It is 50 Miles from Turin, East. S. Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, was born here.

Apalaches, Apalachites, Indians of Florida, dwelling in several distinct Provinces near the Mountains of Apala•ai. Their capital City is Melitot in the Province of Bemarin. Their King resides there, who acts the Sovereign over all the Chiefs of the other Provinces.

Apaches, a numerous People of New Mexico in America, divided by the Spaniards into four sorts of Nations, the Country is so vast where they live, and Fortified with Castles upon the Mountains.

Apamea, See Hamen.

Apamea C•lene, a City and an Archbishops See in Phrygia, of good Antiquity; now little inhabited, and almost ruin'd. The Turks call it Miarlea. § Also two other Cities in Mesopotamia; one upon Tigris, and one upon the Euphrates.

Apantum, a Province of the Terra firma in America.

Ap•r••, a Province of Peru in America, near the River of Amazons.

Apennino, Apenninus, a known and very great Chain of Mountains, which divide Italy into two parts: it is 700 Miles long, and begins at the Maritim Alpes, and extends itself to the utmost bounds of Calabria; where one Branch of them ends at Capo dell' Arme, 12 Miles East of Reggio; and the other Branch at Capo di Santa Maria in Apulia, at the Mouth of the Gulph of Venice. In all this long Course there is only the River Offanto (Aufidus) that crosseth it near the City Conza. It has divers names given it in several places.

Apenrade, Apenrora, a little City of South Jutland, in the Dukedom of Sleswick, near the Baltick Sea; it belongs to that Duke with the adjacent Territory, and is distant from Hader Sleven, South, 3 Danish Miles. It has a large Haven, secured from the South-East Wind by the Island of Alsen.

Apetous, Apetubae, a People of Brasil in America.

Aphace, a place in Palestine, Dedicated sometime to the Worship of Venus in all maner of Luxury.

Aphet•s, an antient City of the Province of Magnesia in Thessaly, upon the Gulph now called del Vallo.

Aphrodisium, a Cape now call'd Cap de Creuz, upon the Mediterranean, near Rosas in Catalogna.

Aphytis, an antient City of Thrace, heretofore famous for a Temple of Apollo.

Apina, an antient City of Puglia in Italy, long since ruin'd.

Apiola, an antient City of Italy. Taken by Tarquin.

Apodisia, Aphrodisias, a City of Caria in Asia Minor; heretofore a Bishops-Sée, under the Archbishop of Stauropolis. And the Birth-place of Alexander Aphrodisaeus; now almost Ruin'd.

Appenzel, Abbatiscella, a very rich Burrough in Switzerland, and the Head of the last of the Cantons, it not joyning with them till 1513. It has its Name from this Town, and was once a part of the Jurisdiction of the Abby of S. Gall. It is seated at the Rise of the River Sintra; distant from Curia 12 French Leagues, from Zurich 6 German Miles Eastward. The Inhabitants of this Canton are mix'd, of the Protestant and Romish Religion.

Appleby, Aballaba, the County Town of Westmorland, almost incompassed with the River Eden; an antient Roman Town, and the Station of the Aurelian Moors. It has a pleasant Situation, being built upon the easie Ascent of a rising Hill; with only one Street, and that not mightily inhabited: yet for the great Antiquity of it, the Assizes and Sessions are kept here; and it has the right of sending two Burgesses to the Parliament. William, King of Scotland, surprized this Town, but King John soon after recovered it again.

Appledore, a Market-Town in Kent, in the Hundred of Scray Lath, upon the River Rother.

Apollonia Mygdonia. See Serres

Apollonia in Polinam. See Pollina.

Apollonia Magna, Anthium, now call'd Sissopoli, is a City in a small Island in the Euxine Sea, near Thrace. Heretofore a Colony of the Milesians, and had a Temple to Apollo in it. § The same Name was born by a City upon Mount Athos in Macedonia, and now call'd Erissos; by two others in the Island of Crete; by four in Asia Minor; by one in Palestine, near Joppe; one in Syria, near Haman; one in Caelesyria; one in Egypt; besides others, of which we have nothing extant.

Aprio, Apros, Apri, a City of Thrace, and sometime an Archiepiscopal See, under the Patriarch of Constantinople; so beloved by the Emperour Theodosius, that it was also call'd Theodosiopolis from him.

Apte, Apta, Julia, a City and Bishoprick in Provence upon the River Calavone, at the foot of the Mountains. This Bishop is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Aix: it is a small place, distant from Avignon 9 Miles to the East.

Aptera, Apteron, Atteria, a City in the Island of Crete.

Apuies, Apui, Indians of Brasil in America.

Apulia, a Province of the Kingdom of Naples, bounded with Abruzzo on the East, with Terra di Otranto, and the Adriatick Sea on the North; and on the South with Calabria. The Italians do call this commonly Puglia, as the French call it Poui••e.

Apulia Daunia, is that part of Puglia which lieth next to Abruzzo, from which it is parted by the River Fortore; and so extendeth Eastward as far as the River Lofanto, where it meets with Peucetia.

Apulia Peucetia, extendeth from the Banks of Lofanto to the Land of Otranto, East.

Apurima, a River of Peru in America, arising at the foot of the Andes, from whence it passeth to Cusco and falls into the Xauxa, after a course of 60 Leagues.

Apuro•aca, Capera Vaca, or Piragua, a great River in Guiana in America.

Aqua Dolce, Glecinero, Athiras, a River of Thrace falling into the Propontis by Selivrea.

Aquapendente. See Acquapendente.

Aqua-sparta, a small City in the Dukedom of Spoleto in Italy, upon a Hill, giving the Title of a Dutchy to a noble Family.

Aqua Uiva, and Aqua Via, a Town in the Province of Bars, in the Kingdom of Naples; giving its Name to an illustrions Family in that Kingdom.

Aqui, and Aquita, a City and Province in the Island of Niphonia, belonging to Japan.

Aquigires, Aquigirae, Indians of Brasil in America, towards the Praefecture of S. Esprit.

Aquila, the chief City of Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples. It is a Bishops See, once under the Archbishop of Chieti, but now exempted from his Jurisdiction: seated on a Hill, and has a strong Castle in it; the River Pescara flows near it▪ it is 60 Miles distant from Rome, to the South-East.

Aquileja, is call'd by the French Aquilee, by the Germans Aglar, and Aglareu: a Patriarchal City of Italy; in antient times very great, and one of the principal Cities of Italy, the Residence of some Emperours. In 452. Attila, King of the Huns, took and destroyed it, after a Siege of 3 Years: after this, being rebuilt by Narsetes, it was again Burnt and Ruin'd by the Lombards in 590. and was after this rebuilt by Popon•, Patriarch of it. In antient times it was under the temporal Jurisdiction of these Patriarchs; but being afterwards taken by the Dukes of Austria, it remains to this day in their hands. It is now almost desolate, by reason of its bad Air, troublesom Rubbish and Ruins, and the Vicinity of Venice, which draws all Trade from it. This City lies between the River Isonzo to the East, and Ansa to the West; and is not above 9 Miles distant from the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea on the North. It lies in 36. 10. Long. and 45. 45. Lat.

Aquino, Aquinum, a very antient City in the Terra di Lavoro, in the Kingdom of Naples: a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Capona, and heretofore a Roman Colony. Almost Ruin'd, and little consiberable now, but for its being the Birth-place of S. Thomas Aquinas, as formerly of the Poet Juvenal.

Aquisgrana, Aquisgranum. See Aix la Chapelle.

Aqutaine, Aquatania, a third Part of the antient Gaul, supposed to be so call'd from the abundance of its Waters. The Emperour Augustus divided it into Prima and Secunda, including within both, Bordeaux, Agne, Angoulesme, Xaintes, Poitiers, Perigueux, Bourges, Clermont, Rodes, Albi, Cahors, Limoges, Mende, and Puy. Whereunto the Emperour Adrian added a third Province, by the Name of Novempopulonia. See Gascoigne. This Country continued in Obedience to the Roman Empire, till Honorius about the Year 412. yielded part thereof▪ to Athaulfe, King of the Goths, whose Successours took occasion thereupon to Usurp the whole. About the Year 630. it came into the Possession of the Crown of France entirely: The Gascoigners soon revoulted, giving to Eudos their Leader, the Title of Duke of Aquitain; which brought on a War that was not ended till the powerful Reign of Charles the Great. In 778. Charles the Great erected Aquitaine into a Kingdom, in the Person of Lewis the Debonnaire his Son. It continued a Kingdom about 100 Years, and then broke into particular Fiefs and Hereditaments. In 1152. it came to the Crown of England, as Dukes of Aquitaine, in the right of Eleanor Wife to Henry II. For its fortunes since, see Gascoigne.

Aracu•es, a People of Chili, which are the most Warlike of all the Americans.

Arach, Petra, the chief City of Arabia Petraea, once the capital City of Moab, and then call'd Rabath; afterwards an Archbishops See, under the Patriarch of Jerusalem, being taken from the Patriarch of Alexandria; it was also once call'd Cyriacopolis, and Mons Regalis; by some now, Krach: it stands upon the Confines of Palestine, near the Brook Zareth, and lies in 66. 45. Long. and 30. 20. Lat.

Arad, Caucasus, is a Mountain of Asia, which the Fable of Prometheus has made very well known. It is that part of Mount Taurus which lies betwixt the Euxine or Black Sea on the West, and the Caspian Sea on the East; including the Mengrelians (Coraxicos) Caitachians (Heniochos) and the Achaeans (Achaeos.) It is continued also amongst the Asiatick Tartars, as far as to the Cimmerian Bosphorus, now commonly call'd Cocas. This Mountain is very high, and always covered with Snow. It is call'd by Hayton, the Armenian Cochias; by others Albsor; by Niger, Adazer; by Circassians, Salatto; and by the French, le mont de Circassie.

Aradus, an Island and City of Phaenicia in the Syrian Ocean over against Tortosa: sometime the Seat of a Bishop, till it fell under the Tyranny of the Turks.

Arafat, a Mountain within a League or two of Mecca in Arabia. On the top of it there is a Mosque, whither the Mahometan Pilgrims repair tofinish their Devotions, after their performance of the Ceremonies of Mecca. It is the same, they say, that Abraham would have Sacrificed his Son Isaac upon: in Commemoration whereof, before they part, they kill some Sheep in the Valley of Mina below; and what they present not amongst their Friends, they distribute to the Poor, by the name of Corban, that is, their Oblation.

Aragon. See Arragon.

Arais, Araxes. See Achlar.

Arakil-Uanc, a Celebrated Village and Monastery at the foot of Ararat in Armenia, in great esteem amongst the People there; who believe it to be the place where Noah, after the Deluge, retired to offer his Sacrifices of Thanksgiving to God for his miraculous Preservation.

Aran, Arania, is a very fruitful Vale in Aquitain •n France, which lies between the Pyrenean Hills and the County de Bigorre, of which it was a part tiil 1192. when Alphonsus, King of Arragon, seised on it (as Peter de Marca saith) and annexed it to the Kingdom of Arragon, tho it lies on the French side of the Pyraenei. In this Vale riseth the River Garonne, one of the greatest in France; and there are in it 33 Castles or Villages, of which Viella is the chief.

Aranios, Aranus, a River of Transylvania arising near Clausenberg, and afterwards falling into the Mash.

Arasch, a Town and Port in the Province of Asgar in the Kingdom of Fez: fortified with a strong Wall and a Castle.

Arauco, a City, River, and Valley, in the Kingdom of Chili in America. The Natives had maintain'd a War against the Spaniards above 100 Years, before a Peace was made in 1650.

Araxai, Araxius, a River of Brasil in America, which falls into the Mongagombe in the Province of Pairaba.

Araxes. See Achlar.

Arba, or Arbee, a Town in Palestine, call'd in Scripture Hebron and Mamre, being the Sepulture of the Patriarchs. § Also an Island and City, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Zara, in the Adriatique Ocean, upon the Coast of Dalmatia.

Arbela, an antient City of Sicily. The People thereof were stupid to a Proverb.

Arbelles, a Town in Assyria upon the River Lycus; where Alexander M. entirely defeated Darius the Third time, in the 423 Year of Rome, and 331 before the coming of our Saviour.

Arbogen, or Arbo, a Town upon the River of the same name, in the Province of Westmania in Sweden.

Arbon, Arborfoelix, a City of Switzerland under the Bishop of Constance.

Arboriches, the antient People of the Province of Zeland in Holland.

Arbois, a Town in the Franche▪ County, famous for the good Wines it yields.

Arc, or L'Arc, a little River of Provence in France, which passes by Aix to the Berre.

Arcadia, Pelasgia, an antient Province of Peloponesus, (or the Morea) now call'd by the Turks Tzaconia, with a City of the same name. In the Year of Rome 386, the Lacedemonians gave the People of this Country a bloody Overthrow; by reason their Sacrilege in Pillaging the Temple of Jupiter Olympius had contracted upon them the hatred of all Greece. § Also the Name of a City heretofore famous in the Island of Crete, with a Suffragan Bishops See thereto. The Gulph of Arcadia is the same with Cyparissus Sinus of the antients.

Arcani, Apsarus, a River of the Mengrelians, which riseth from the Mountains of Chielder in Armenia Major; and running Northward, falls into the Euxine Sea at Arcani, a Town of Mengrelia, seated upon the Sea between Trapezunt, (from which it is distant 150 Miles), and Phazzeth a City of Mengrelia.

Arcas, a small Town in the Kingdom of Castile in Spain. Heretofore a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Toledo; but united to that of Cuenca, by P. Lucius III. at the request of Alphonsus IX. King of Castile.

Arce. The same with Petra in Arabia Deserta.

Archidona, a Town in Andaluzia in Spain. § Also a small City of Peru in America.

Archipelago, Archipelagus, mare Aegaeum, is a part of the Mediterranean Sea, which lies between Greece, the Lesser Asia, and the Isle of Creet: this Sea is stored with an innumerable Shoal of small Islands; and by Allusion, late Writers have for that reason given the same names to divers other Seas in the East and West-Indies; as Archipel de S. Lazare, des Maldives, du Chiloe, de Mexico, &c.

Arcissa, Arcisso, the Lake of Van. See Van.

Arcklow, is a small Town, with a County belonging to it, in the Province of Leinster in Ireland: seated upon the Irish Sea, 31 Miles South of Dublin; and deserves the rather to be mentioned, because it belongs to the Noble and Loyal Family of the Dukes of Ormond, who are Barons of it.

Arcuevil, a spruce Village within a League of Paris. its proper Name is Arc-Julien, which was given it by Julian the Apostate, in Commemoration of the Aqueducts he made here, whilst he sejour'd at Paris, in the Years 357, and 360.

Ardaschat, Artaxata, a City of Armenia, upon the Confines of the Territory of Erivan: where are to be seen the rests of the magnificent Palace of Tyridates, call'd by the Inhabitants Tact-terdat, or the Throne of Tyridate.

Ardagh. There are Four Towns in Ireland of this Name; the 1st. in the County of Letrim; 2d in the County of East-Meath; 3d. in the County of Longford; and the 4th. in the County of Cork.

Ard bracan, a small Town in the County of East-Meath in Munster in Ireland.

Ardea, a City heretofore of Italy, the capital of Rutilij, and antienter than Rome: Now a Village of small consideration.

Ardee, Ardea, a River of Normandy, which falls into the British Sea at Auranches, near the Limits of the Dukedom of Britain.

Ardee, or Atherdee, a small Market-Town in the County of Louth in the Province of Ʋlster in Ireland. King James II. lay encamped upon the Plains here, with an Army of 20000 Men, whilst the Duke of Schomberg and his Forces were so strongly entrench'd at Dundalk: who not accepting of a Battle, when it was presented by King James; both the Armies retired soon after, without fighting, into their Winter Quarters, November 1689.

Ardembourg, or Rodenbourg, Ardenburgum, a Town in Flanders. Taken by the Hollanders in 1604. One League from Sluys.

Ardennes, Ardenna Sylva, call'd by the Germans Ardenner-waldt, and Luitticher-waldt, is the greatest Forest in all the Low-Countries; it reacheth above 100 Miles in length; as this day extending itself through the Dukedom of Luxemburgh, the Bishoprich of Liege▪ the South part of Henalt, and to the Borders of Champaign; it is taken notice of by Cesar and Tacitus.

Ardes, a Tract in the County of Down in Ʋlster in Ireland, upon the Lake of Coin, in the form almost of a Peninsula.

Ardesche, a River of the Province of Vivarets in France. It passes by Aubenas to the Rhosne, into which it discharges itself near S. Esprit, and separates▪ Languedoc from Vivarets.

Ardfeart, a Town in the County of Kerry in the Province of Munster in Ireland.

Ardila, a River of Spain, whichriseth in Andaluzia, and dischargeth itself into the Guadiana, below the City of Olivenza in Portugal.

Ardmonack, is a Territory in the County of Rosse in Scotland, belonging to the Royal Family of Scotland. Charles I. as second Son to King James I. had the Title of Baron of Armonack, given him at two year of Age.

Ardrach, a Town in the County of Longford in the Province of Connaught in Ireland.

Ardres, Ardra, is a little, but well fortified, Town in the County of Guienne in Picardy in France: it stands in the Marshes, in the Borders of Artois, three Leagues from Calis toward the South, and a little more from Gravelin. Francis I. and Henry VIII. King of England, had an enterview with each other near this Town, in 1520. Both Courts appearing so magnificent, that they call'd the place, a Field of Cloth of Gold. In 1596 Cardinal Albret took it for the Spaniards, who did not keep it long. § Also the Name of a Kingdom and City in Guiney in Africa.

Ardret, Ardrathen, or Ardrat, Ardatum, a City, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Armagh in the County of Kerry in Ireland.

Are, Arus, a River of York-shire. It arises upon the Borders of Lancashire, and falls into the Ouse below York.

Arembourg, Areburium, a Town of the lower Germany, lately adorn'd wiah the Title of a Principality: it lies between Colen to the North, and Treves to the South, upon the River Aer. 7 German Miles from Juliers, to the South, and 4 from the Rhine, West.

Arequipa, one of the most considerable Cities of Peru in America, upon the River Chila, 7 Leagues from the South Sea; 70 from Cusco. And a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Lima, with a commodious Port. It is made rich by the Silver Mines of the Andes, that are found within 14 Leagues of it. In 1582. an Earthquake (as the Country here is very subject to them) almost shook it to peices. In 1600, the Vulcano which stands by it, broke out into terrible Flames. They did use to bring the Treasure of Potosi hither; but the difficulty of the Road has driven them to Arica.

Arestinga, Liba, an Island in the Indian Ocean, towards the Provinces of Kherman and Dulcinca, in Persia.

Arethusa, a City of Syria, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Apamea. § Another in Macedonia, by some call'd Taino and Renina, upon the Bay of Contessa. § Also a Lake in Armenia Major, near the source of the River Tigris.

Arezzo, Aretium, a City, and a Bishops See, immediately under the Pope, in Tuscany in Italy. Famous in the time of the old Romans.

Arg, Argus, a River of Swabia in Germany. Passing by Wangen, it afterwards falls into the Lake of Constance:

Argan, a Town in New Castile in Spain. A Council here held in 1473, enjoyns every Bishop to say Mass thrice, and simple Priests four times at least a year; and that none be preferred to Ecclesiastical Dignities, who understand not Latin. It seems the Learning and Devotion of that age went toutes par la main.

Argens, Argenteus, a River of Provence in France. It arises from three several Sources; then falls into the Ocean near Frejus.

Agentan, Argentomum, Argentomagum, a City of Normandy in France, upon the Ʋrne.

Argenten, a Town in the Dukedom of Berry in France, upon the Creuse.

Argentor, a River in the Province of Angoumois in France, falling into the Charente at Porsac.

Argentrevil, Argentolium, a small Town three Leagues from Paris. There is a Priory in it, dependent of the Abby of St. Denis.

Argile, Argathelia, a very large County in the Western parts of the Kingdom of Scotland, upon the West of Dunbritaine Frith. This was the first Country the Scots who came out of Ireland possess'd themselves of, as is shewn by Camden out of Bede. First also made a County or Earldom by James II. King of Scotland, who invested Colin, Lord Campbell, with the Title of Earl of Argile, in regard of his own, and of the worth of his Family, which is deriv'd from the antient Princes of this Country. They have also, (saith Camden) been made Lords of Lorn, and for a good while General Justices of Scotland: but the two last Earls were unfortunate.

Anginuses, an Island of Greece, where the Athenians under Conon, obtained a great Victory over the Lacedemonians, in the Year of Rome 347.

Argipeeni, an antient People of Sarmatia. They never would go to War with their Neighbours.

Arglas, is a small Town in the Province of Ʋlster, in the County of Down in Ireland, with a Haven belonging to it. The Lord Cromwel of Oakham is Earl of this place.

Argonne, a Territory, part in Champagne, and part upon the Borders of Loraine in France. Beaumont and Clermont stand in it.

Argos, the antient capital City of a Kingdom of the same name in the Morea, now call'd the Province of Romania. This Kingdom was Founded by Inachus contemporary with Moses, or 346 years before him, in Eusebius's Calculation. It continued 546 Years; then changed into a Republick, which maintain'd several Wars with the Grecians. The City has been first an Episcopal, and next an Archiepiscopal See. In 1383, the Venetians bought it. In 1463▪ the Turks took it. In 1686. General Morosini reduced it under the Venetians again.

Argos, Amphilogium, was a City of Epirus, ruin'd long ago. § There was another of the Name in Thessalia in Macedonia, call'd now Armiro.

Argow, one of the four parts of Switzerland, taking its name from the River Arg, upon the Borders of Constance.

Arguin, [Arguinum] a small Island, with a Fort upon it, belonging to the Hollanders, upon the Coast of Nigritia. This Fort was built by the Portugals in 1455. Taken from them by the Hollanders in 1633. Taken from the Hollanders by the English, of late Years; and it was again taken and ruin'd by the French in 1678; and is now again under the Hollander. It lies in the Atlantick Ocean, upon the Coast of the Kingdom of Gualata, about, or in 20 d. of Northern Lat.

Arhon, Asopus, a River of the Morea, falling into the Gulph of Corinth.

Arhusen, Arhusia, a City of Denmark, in the Dukedom of Jutland, upon the Baltick Sea: it is a Bishops See, under the Archbis•op of Lunden, seated upon the River Gude; 10 Miles South of Alburg, 2 West from the Island of Fuinen, and about 26 North of Lubeck. This City was taken, and severely treated by the Swedes in 1644. but is since that in the Pos•ession of the Danes again.

Aria, an antient Province and City of Persia. The one is now call'd Chorasan, the other Herat or Serat.

Ariano, Arianum, a City in the further Principate in the Kingdom of Naples, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Benevento, giving the Title of a Duke.

Ariano, upon the Po, is a small City in the Ferrarez in Italy, and Capital of a Territory call'd Polesin• di Ariano, upon the Borders of the States of Venice.

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Arica, a Port in the Kingdom of Peril, in the Province de los Charcas, where they ship the Silver brought from Potosi. It is a small Town, but has a capacious Haven, and a strong Castle, distant from La Plata to the South-East, and from Cusco to the South, 80 Leagues.

Ariccia, or la Riccia, was heretofore a considerable Town in the Campagna di Roma in Italy, upon a Lake of the name, now called lago di Nemi. It has since become a small Village, yet gives the Title of a Duke.

Ariel, a River of the Precopensian Tartars, which falls into the Nieper, (Borysthenes) below Terki.

Arieni, an antient People of Germany. Another in Asia, whom the Gauls reduced.

Arima, a Town and Port of Japan, in the Kingdom of Ximo or Sa•cok. The Infidels have extirpated the Christians thence.

Arimaspi, an antient People of Sarmatia Europaea.

Ariminum. See Rimini.

Arimoa, an Island discovered by the Hollanders in 1618. near New Guiney, betwixt Moa and Schouten.

Arles, Arelas, a City and Archbishoprick in Provence of France, upon the Rhone. In this place there was celebrated a great Council of the Western and African Bishops, by the Order of Constantine the Great, in the Year 312, or as Cabasutius saith, in 314. that is, about 16 years before the General Council of Nice; and there has been several others held in aftertimes in the same Place. This City was once made the Head of a Kingdom, which had Kings of its own from the Year 879. to 1032. sometimes call'd the Kingdom of Arles, and sometimes of Burgundy beyond the J•ur. (Jurana) It is seated on the left side the River Rhone, over which there is a Timber Bridge, 12 Leagues from Marseilles to the West. The Academy established here in 1669▪ and the grand Obelisk of Roman work erected in 1677▪ ought not to be forgotten.

Arlington, a little Village in Middlesex, between Harlington and Shepeston; which being the Birthplace of the Right Honorable Henry Bennet, he was by Charles II. created Baron of Arlington, the 14th. of March 1664▪ and Earl of the same the 22d of April 1672. sworn Lord Chamberlain of the Houshold to King Charles II. Sept. 11. 1674. and died in the first Year of the Reign of King James II. in great Honor and Esteem.

Arlon, Arlun, Arlunum, Orolunum, a Town in the Dutchy of Luxembourg, in the Low Countries, which has given the Title of a Marquess from the Year 1103. It stands 4 Leagues from Luxembourg, 6 from Montmidi.

Arma, a Province and City in the Kingdom of Popayan in America, 25 Leagues from St. Troy.

Armadabat. See Amadabat.

Armagh, Armacha, a County of Ʋlster in Ireland, incompassed with the River Neury on the East, with the Country of Louth, on the South, and with the Blackwater North. This is one of the most fruitful Counties in all Ireland. Upon the River Kalin, which falleth into the Blackwater, (a River so called) stands Armagh, a poor decayed City, tho an Archiepiscopal See, and the Primate of the whole Kingdom. This Primate was subject to the Archbishop of Canterbury till 1142. when it was exempted by one John Papyrio, a Papal Legate, as Camden faith. The City was taken by Cromwel, in 1650.

Armanac, Arminiacensis Comitatus, a County of Aquitain, or the upper Gascony in France, bounded on the North by the Counties of Agenois and Condome, on the East by Languedoc, on the West by Gascony, properly so called, Bearn and Bigorro, and on the South by the County de Cominge. The Earle of this County are much celebrated in the antient French History.

Arman•th. See Ardmonack.

Armanson, Armentio, a River of France in Burgundy. It rises by semur, receives the Brenne, passes by Tonnere, and falls into the Lionne nigh Auxerre.

Armenia major, called by the Inhabitants Curdistan, by the Georgians Armenioba; a very large and well known Country of Asia; being divided from the Georgians, Mengrelians and Muscovites, by the Mountains; on the South by Mount Taurus from Mesopotamia, and by Mount Niphate from Assyria, on the West it has the Euphrates, by which it is divided from Cappadocia, and Armenia the Less: The greatest part of it is under the Turks, but a small part towards the East is under the P•rsi•n. In this Country both Euphrates and Tigris have their Fountains.

Armenia minor, called now by some Aladuli, by others Ac-coionlu, is a part of Asia the Less, and was heretofore a part of Capadocia: bounded on the North by the Mengrelians and the Pontus, or Euxine Sea, on the South by Cilicia and Syria, on the East by Armenia major, and on the West by Cappadooia. This whole Country is now under the Dominion of the Turks.

Armentiers, Armentariae, a Town of Planders upon the River Ley (Legia) which falls into the Schelde at Ghant. This Town was the Theatre of great Actions during the former Wars, and was left to the French by the Treaty of Aquisgrane, who have had it ever since the Year 1668. It is a fair Town distant from Ghant 10 Miles, and something less from Cambray.

Armes, a Seigniory in the Province of Nivernois in France, giving its name to a Noble Family there.

Armorica. See Bretagne.

Armoy, or Earmoy, a Barony in the County of Cork and Province of Munster in Ireland.

•nautes, an errant vagabond People of Albania.

Arnay le Due, Arnaeum Ducium, a small Town in Burgundy in France; 5 Leagues from Autun, very agreeable.

Arnebourg, a Town in the antient Marquisate of Brandenbourg upon the Elb; ruined in the German Wars.

Arneda, a City and Port upon the Pacifick Ocean, in Peru in America.

The Land of Arnheim, is a part of the Terra Australis, discovered by the Hollanders, to the South of New Guiney.

Arnheim, Arenacum, one of the principal Cities of Guelderland, and one of the States of Holland; seated upon the Rhine, which a little above it is divided into 2 Branches, the Ysel to the East and the Rhine to the West: it is a neat Town, and has belonged to the United Provinces ever since the Year 1585. It lies 2 Leagues from Nimeghon, (the chief Town of Guelderland) and 7 from Ʋtrecht. Taken by the French in 1672. and deserted 2 years after; the Fortifications of it being first demolished by them.

Arno, Arnus, a River of Tuscany in Italy, which springeth from the Apponnine, not far from the Head of Tiber; and running West, it obliquely passeth between Florence and Pisa. From the Sea, as far as Florence, it is Navigable.

Arnon, a River arising from the Mountains of Arabia, which traverses all the Desart, then falls into the Lake Asphaltites, and divides the antient Seats of the Moabites from the Amorites; God Almighty rendred the passage over it miraculously easie to the People of Israel, Numb. 21. 13, 14.

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Arnsbourg, the Capital City of the Island of Oesel in the Baltick Sea, with a Castle, under the Swedes.

Aroe, Arren, Aria, an Island in the Baltick Sea under the King of Denmark, dependent of the Dutchy of Sleswick.

Aromaia, a Province of New Andaluzia in America, near the mouth of the River Orenoque.

Arona, a Town and Castle in the Milaneze in Italy, upon a Lake, belonging to the Family of the Borromeos. The famous S. Charles Cardinal Borromeo Archbishop of Milan was born here Octob. 2. 1538.

Arool, a Town in Muscovy 40 Leagues from Moscow.

Arosen, Arosia, a City and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Ʋpsal in Sweden. It is the Capital of the Province of Westimania, with a Fortress upon the Lake Meler. Here Gustavus I. deseated Christiern II. about the year 1521. And in 1540. the States here assembled declared the Crown of Sweden Hereditary.

Arow, Aarow, a frank Town in the Canton of Bern in Switzerland, upon the River Aar, from whence it takes its name. The Protestant Cantons are used to hold their Dyets here.

Arpaia, Caudium, a City heretofore, now a Village, in the further Principate in the Kingdom of Naples. Near to it, there is a very narrow defile for two Persons to pass, betwixt two Mountains, called Stretto d'Arpaio, and formerly Furcae Caudinae; where the Samnites having obliged the Roman Army under T. Vetrurius and Sp. Posthumius, Consuls, to render themselves upon discretion, put them to the disgrace of passing under a Traverse of Pikes, with Hands tyed, disarmed and bare headed.

Arpaion, an antient Barony in the Province of Rovergue in France, erected into a Dutchy in 1651.

Arpentras, A City heretofore upon the Lake Lemane in Switzerland, now a Village they call Vidy, built out of the Ruins thereof. Great numbers of antient Medals are found here.

Arpino, Arpinum, a Town and Castle in the Terra di lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples. Caius Marius (Seven times Consul) was born here. Cicero is Sirnamed Arpinas from hence, it being but 3 Miles from the place of his Nativity.

Arques, a Town in the Dutchy of Bar in France near the Meuse, supposed to be the Birth-place of Joane of Arc, the Maid of Orleans, famous in the Reign of Charles VII.

Arques, Arca, a Village in Normandy in the païs de Caux, upon the River Arques, 2 Miles South from Diepe. This place was made illustrious by a great Victory Henry IV. obtain'd there in the Year 1589.

Arra, a Barony in the County of Tipperary in M•nster in Ireland.

Arracan, Arracaon, Arrachamum, a considerable Kingdom and a City upon the River Martaban, beyond the Ganges in the East Indees.

Arragon, Aragonia, a very large, and indeed one of the three principal Kingdoms in Spain; bounded on the North by Navarre and France, from which last it is divided by the Pyrenees, on the East it hath Catalonia, on the West New and Old Castile, and on the South it hath the Kingdom of Valentia. This Kingdom was united to Castile in the Year 1479.

Arran, a Barony made up of four Islands, upon the Coast of the County of Dungal in the Province of Ʋlsier. And made an Earldom in 1661. in favor of Richard, the Second Son of James Duke of Ormond. These Islands lie in the Western Ocean.

Arran, Arania, Glotta, an Island on the West of Scotland in Dunbritain Frith near Argile, which was anciently an Earldom.

Arras, Atrebatum, Nemetocerna, called by the Dutch Atrecht, a great Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Rheims; the Head City of the Earldom of Artois, and stands upon the River Scarpe▪ which flows also by Douay. It is considerably well sortified, and has a strong Castle; it came into the hands of the French in 1640, and when the Spaniards 1654▪ attempted by force to retake it, their Army was defeated the 25th. of August of that Year, since which time the French have peaceably enjoyed it. This was one of the greatest Actions of Cardinal Mazarine, and won him much Honor in France. It is 15 Leagues from Tournay, and 5 from Doway.

Arren. See Aroe.

Arroux, Arosius, a River of Burgundy in France: it rises by Amay le Duc, passes by Autun, and joyns the Loyre by Bourbon-Lancy.

Arsa, Arsia, a River of Istria which divides Italy from Illyrium. It falls into the Adriatique near Pola.

Arsinoe, a City of Cilicia in Asia Minor, betwixt Antioch and Seleucia.

Arsinoe in Aegypt. See Suez.

Arsinoe, between Berenice and Ptolemais in Africa, is a City and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Cyrene; some say now called Trochara. The Artients give us three more of this name in the Island of Cyprus, whereof we have no farther account.

Arta, or Larta, a City of Epirus in Greece upon the River Acheron, 15 Miles from the Sea, and a days Journey from Ambracia. Adorned with a Metropolitan See and a noble Church.

Artois, Artesia, bounded on the North with the Country of Flanders, on the West and South with Picardy, and on the East in part by Flanders, in part by Hanalt and Cambray. It lies in length from North to South 26 Leagues. It was once the East part of Flanders, but became a separate Earldom in 1198. and continued so till 1382. when it returned to the Earls of Flanders, but at the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. and that of Nimeguen in 1678. it was intirely yielded to the French. This was the Country of the antient Atrebates. The Capital City of it is Arras.

Aru, a City and Kingdom in the Isle of Sumatra in the East-Indies. § Also an Island of Asia, between the Moluccaes and New Guiney.

Arva, called by the Germans Orova, a Town in the Upper Hungary, near the Confines of Poland, towards the Carpathian Mountains upon the River Vag (Vagus) six Miles from Bistricz, North, which Town gives Name to a County.

Arva, a rapid River of Savoy. It springs out of the high Mountains of Fossigni, and passing by Bonne Ville, falls into the Rhosne at the Gates of Geneva. Gold is found amongst its Sands.

Arundale, Aruntina Vallis, a Corporation in Sussex, upon the River Arun; in which there is a Castle, a stately place,▪ strong by Art and Nature. The Name State and Dignity of Earl belongs to whoever is possessed of this Mannor and Castle, without any other Consideration or Creation to be an Earl, as Mr Camden acquaints us out of the Parliament Rolls of the 11. H. VI. This Castle stands 9 Miles East of Chichester, and the Fee is in the Hands of the most Noble Henry Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal of England by Inheritance; granted by Charles II. in 1672. to the Father of this present Duke; who is the Eldest Duke, Earl and Baron in England, and the first Protestant of this Noble and Illustrious Branch. The marmora Arundeliana have made this name universally known amongst the Ingenious of all parts, The Corporation sends Two Burgesses to the Parliament.

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Arzilla, Zilia, Azella, a maritime Town in the Province of Hasbata in the Kingdom of Fez, upon the Atlantique Ocean; well fortified. Alphonsus V. King of Portugal, surnamed Africanus, took it in 1471. The King of Fez besieged it in 1508. without Victory. Afterwards the Portuguese abandon'd it.

Arzeron, Aziris, a City of Armenia upon the Euphrates; the Turkish Viceroy of which has under him 17 subordinate Governors.

Asasi, a Town in the Kingdom of Marocco.

Asaph, El••a, Asaphopolis, a Town and Bishops See in Flintshire in Wales: this Bishoprick was erected by Kentigern Bishop of Glascow in Scotland, in the year 560. He returning afterwards into Scotland made Asaph, a holy Man, Bishop of this place, from whom it has its Name. There is in this Diocese 128 Parishes. The Town is mean as well as the Church, and it stands upon the River Cluyd, about three Miles from the Sea, and sixteen from Chester. Lat. 53. 22. Long. 3. 17.

Asborn, a Market Town in Darbyshire, in the Hundred of Wirksworth.

Ascalon, was heretofore a City of Judaea in the Tribe of Dan upon the Sea Coast, and one of the strongest holds of the Philistines. Baldwin I. King of Jerusalem took it from the Saracens about the year 1153. It was made a Bishops See, but so destroyed since, that not above 50 Families now dwell in it, who are Moors and Turks.

Ascania, an antient Town in the Principality of Anhalt in Germany, betwixt Magdebourg and Northuhausen: it gives the Title of a Count.

Aschaffenbourg, Asciburgum, a City in Germany in the Diocese of Mentz, but in the Limits of Franconia, and therefore by some ascribed to that Province. Heretofore an Imperial or Hans-Town, but afterwards exempted; it is divided into two parts by the River Mayn, which falls into Rhine at Mentz. There is in it a stately Palace, built of square Stone, called Johansburg, where the Elector of Mentz often resides: This Town is distant from Frankford 6 Miles, Eastward.

Aschen, a Castle in Bavaria.

Aschersleben, Ascania, an old Town in the Diocese of Halberstad in the Principality of Anhalt in Germany: whence the House of Anhalt receives the Name of principes Ascanii: almost ruined.

Ascherne, Aschenten, Askarna, a Town in the County of Limerick in Munster in Ireland, upon a River of the Name.

Ascoli di Satriano, (Asculum Apulum) a small decaying City, an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Benevento in the Kingdom of Naples, in the County called the Principate, at the foot of the Apennine, 35 Miles East from Benevento. This City is built on a Hill; a former which stood near it having been ruin'd in the year 1399. by a dreadful Earthquake: this was built in the year 1410. by the Inhabitants of the other.

Ascoli upon the River Tronto, a City in the Marcha Anconitana in Italy, with an Episcopal See immediately under the Pope. The Birthplace of Pope Nicholas IV. as formerly of Betutius Barrus an Orator mentioned by Cicero. In 1557. the French and Spaniards had a Battle near this place. The antient Inhabitants were the first that confederated against the Romans in the Marsick War. Sometime after that it was almost ruined; but rebuilt, and fell to be one of the first Temporal Demains of the Pope.

Ascot, a Mannor in the County of Buckingham, which has long belonged to the Loyal Family of the Dormers, Earls of Carnarvan, and Viscounts of Ascot; who were advanced to this Honor Aug. 2. 1628. by Charles I. for whom Robert, the first Earl, died fighting in the Battle of Newberry, in 1643.

Asebin, Nisivis. See Nisbin.

Asgar, a Province in the Kingdom of Fez in Africa, to the West, between the Provinces of Fez and Habat. Its principal Towns are, Arasch and Alcasar-Quivir.

Ashby de la Zouch, a Market-Town and Barony▪ in Leicestershire, which, saith Camden, is now in the Earls of Huntington; one of which Family, Sir▪ William Hastings, procured the Town the Privilege of a Fair in the Reign of Henry VI. It stands in the North-West Corner of the County, about eleven Miles North-East from Eaton.

Ash-burtun, a Corporation seated upon the River Dart in Devonshire, which sends two Burgesses to the Parliament: it stands about 17 Miles from Exeter, to the South-West, and 5 Miles from Newton.

Ashdale, a Place in Scotland, of which the late Duke of Monmouth was Baron.

Ashdod, Azotus, a City in the Holy Land, which was one of the Principalities of the Philistines: in S. Jerom's time it was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Caesarea; now a Village, called Alzete by the Turks. See Azotus.

Ashford. a Market-Town in Kent, upon the River Stower in Scray-Lath.

Ashkrig, a Market-Town in Yorkshire in the North-riding, and the Hundred of Hang West.

A S I A, the first of the Four parts of the World; the Mother, and for a long time the Nurse and Mistress of Mankind; for here in this, Man was created; and after the Deluge, this was the Place God chose to give Mankind a second Beginning in: the 2 first of the General Monarchies, (viz. the Assyrian and Persian) were in this part; and to it chiefly was the Church confined till our blessed Saviour came. It is washed on three sides by the vast Ocean, which on the East is called the Eastern or Pacifick Ocean; on the North the Tartarian Ocean or Mar del Norte, on the West the Aethiopian Ocean and the Red Sea; and it is divided from Europe by the Mediterranean and Black Sea, with the Rivers of Tanais (Don or Tana) Rha and Obb. It is only parted from Europe by the space of 300 German Miles, more or less, by these Rivers: connected to Africa by a Neck of Land of about 30 Miles; and whether the North-East part of it is not united with the North-West part of America, could never yet be discovered; tho probably there is a streight or narrow Sea between them; so that lying in the midst of the other three, it was the fittest place to be made the Cradle of Mankind, from whence the other were all to be peopled. It lies in length from the Hellespont to Malacca, the utmost Eastern Mart, 1300 German Miles: its breadth between the Mouth of the Red Sea and the supposed Streights of Aman, is 1220 Miles: now divided into five principal Parts, 1 Tartary, 2 China, 3 India, 4 Persia, 5 and the Turkish Empire.

Asia Minor. See Natolia.

Asine, the same with Anchora.

Asoph, Tanais, called Azack or Azeck by the Inhabitants, la Tana by the Italians, is a City of the Precopensian Tarters, at the Mouth of the River Tanais, which cuts the City into two parts, and then immediately falls into the Lake of Moeotis. It has a large Haven, and a strong Castle which stands by the River: taken by the Muscovites, anno 1638. which upon false Accusation, cost Cyrillus Lucaris, Patriarch of Constantinople, his Life; but it was re-taken by the Turks, who are now Masters of it: the Town is square, and built at the foot of a Hill in 67 d. of Long. and 54. 30. of Lat.

Asopus, the name of 3 Rivers, one in Achaia, now called Arhon, the second in the Morea, and the third in Asia minor near Laodicea.

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Aspe, a Valley of the Canton of Bearn in Switzerland: watered by the Gave de Oleron. Its principal Town is Accous.

Asphaltites, or the Dead Sea, by the Arabians sometimes called Baar Lout, (that is, the Sea of Lot, in Memory of his Deliverance,) is a Lake of Judaea in the same place where formerly the Cities of Sodom and Gomorrah were consumed. The Rivers Jordan, Arnon and others fall into it: 580 Furlongs long, and 150 broad, according to Josephus. They say no Fish can live in it, for the Bituminousness of its Water, and that nothing ever grows upon its Banks.

Assasiniens, a People formerly inhabiting about 12 Towns in Phaenicia near Tyre, under a King of their own Electing. Whilst they paid a Tribute to the Templers, they offered to turn Christians, to be discharged of the same; but the Templers refused it; which, says William of Tyre, has been the cause of the ruine of Religion in the East. In 1231 Lewis of Bavaria was assassinated by these People. In 1257 the Tartars came upon them and killed their Antient (or King) and took their Towns: and we have had no further account of them ever since.

Assinarius, a River of Sicily. See Falconara.

Assinshire, Assinus, a County in the North-western part of Scotland: it has Strathnavern on the North, the Mountains of Marble and Alabaster on the East, Rosse on the South, and the Irish Sea on the West. This is properly a part of the County of Rosse and therefore little is said of it.

Assisi, Aesisium, Assisium, a City of Ʋmbria in the Patrimony of St. Peter: it is a Bishops See, built on a Hill, 5 Miles from the River Asio.

L'Assumption, Assumptio, a small new City in the Southern America, near the River of Plate in Paragua: it is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop de la Plata.

Asta, a City and Roman Colony, lying between Piedmont and Montferrat: it is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Milan, well fortified, with a strong new Castle belonging to it: once a Commonwealth, then it became a part of the Dukedom of Milan, and was under the Viscounti; being disjoyned from that Dukedom, in the year 1531. after various changes itfell into the hands of the Duke of Savoy, who is still Master of it. It is 15 Miles distant from Casal, to the South. § There is another City of the same name in Andalusia, and another in the East-Indies in the Kingdom of Decan.

Astabat, a City of Armenia upon the Frontiers of Persia, within a League of the River Aras: not great, but very beautiful, and enriched with excellent Wine.

Astaces, the antient name of a River in the Kingdom of Pontus in Asia Minor.

Astachar, Astacara, a City of Persia upon the River Bendemir, near the Ruins of Persepolis; which was once the Capital of the Kingdom of Persia, but is now decaying.

Astarac, or Estarac, Astaracensis tractus, a little County 7 or 8 Leagues long in the Province of Gascoigne in France.

Astetlan, a Province of the new Kingdom of Mexico in America, upon the Coast of the Vermiglian Ocean.

Astora, Astura Augusta, a City and Bishoprick in the Kingdom of Leon in Spain, 9 Miles from Leone, (the Archbishops See) to the South. This City is also called Astorga.

Asturia, was once a Kingdom, but is now a part of the Kingdom of Leon in Spain: it lieth in length from Biscay to Galaesia. The eldest Son of the King of Castile is stil'd Prince of the Asturia's (it being divided into two parts), as the English Prince is of VVales, of which this is an Imitation; as also the Delphinate in France.

Atacama, a Desart in the Province of los Charcas in the Kingdom of Peru in America, along the Coast of the Pacifick Ocean.

Atad, Caucasus, a Mountain in Asia, much celebrated by the antient Poets. § Also a Country beyond Jordan in the Holy Land, where the obsequies of the Patriarch Jacob were performed by his Children. Gen. 50. 10.

Atavillos, a People of Peru.

Atha, a River of Germany in the Dukedom of Bavaria, which falls in the Danube, a little above Ingolstad.

Athamania, a Country of Epirus, between Acarnania, Aetolia and Thessalia: free, and under Princes of its own, till it submitted to Philip King of Macedon.

Athamas, a River of Aetolia in Greece, with a Mountain of the same name, from whence it springs.

Aeth, Athum, a small, but strong Town in the Province of Henalt, upon the River Dender, (Tenera) which falls into the Schelde: 2 Leagues distant from the Confines of Flanders, 5 East from Tournay. Taken in 1667. by the French; and by the Treaty of Aquisgrane, this and the Territory belonging to it was yielded to them; but by the Treaty of Nimeguen, in 1679. it returned under the Spanish Dominion. In this place in 1357. there was a League concluded between Venceslaus Duke of Brabant, and Lewis Earl of Flanders.

Athenree, or Atherit, a City and Barony in the County of Galloway, in the Province of Connaught in Ireland: More rich and more considerable formerly, than now.

Atherston, a Market-Town in Warwick-shire, near the River Anker, in the Hundred of Hemlingford.

Athlone, Athlona, Atlon•a, is a small Town in the County of Rosecomen, in the Province of Connaught in Ireland; in the Confines of Leinster; seated upon the River Shannon, where it comes out of the Lake of Lough Ree, 16 Irish Miles from Longford, South. This Place was the Refuge of the Rebels in the Irish Rebellion, who fled thither from Kilkenny in 1650. being pressed upon by other Rebels; where they had not much rest, the Town being taken by Hewson in 1651. The Strength of it lies in the Castle: whither, when Douglas with 10 Regiments of Foot and 4 of Horse of the Forces of King William, arrived, in order to a Siege, about the middle of July, 1690. the Irish retired, burning the Town, and breaking the Bridge. And at the last he was forced to leave it in their possession. But it could not withstand the Army of General Ginckle the year after

Athol, Atholia, is a small County or Earldom in the heart of Scotland; between the Mountain Grampus on the West, and the Sherifdom of Pertb on the East; in which riseth the River Tau, the greatest River in all Scotland. This County is remarkable for nothing but its Earls, which have been great men both in England and Scotland.

Athos. See Agion Oros.

Atlantides, an antient name given to the People that dwelt about Mount Atlas in Africa.

Atlas. See Aiducal.

Atri, Atria, Adria, and Hadria, a City of Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples, where Hadrian the Emperour was born. This is an independent Bishoprick, subject to no Archbishop, instituted by Innocent IV. Anno Chr. 1252. The City is built upon a high Hill, within 4 Miles of the Adriatick Sea; and tho it has few Inhabitants, yet it has the Honor of giving the Title of a Duke to the Family of the Aquaviva's. It stands 10 Leagues from Pinna to the North, and 15 from Theate, East: it lies in 38. 18. Long. 42. 51. Lat. § There is another Town belonging to the Venetians of the same Name, but almost swallowed up by the Sea.

Attica, Cecropia, a Province of the antient Achaia in Greece, upon the Aegean Sea; now call'd the Dutchy of Athens from its Capital City. It was divided in those times first into 10, then into 13 Tribes. Each Tribe assumed its denomination from some or other Hero of the Country, and was made to contain a certain number of Towns and Villages, amounting in the whole to 174; being then as populous a Region as Holland now. It extended its Dominion almost over all the Isles of the Archipelago: had Mines of Silver within its Mountains: and each Tribe furnish'd 50 Persons a peice, to be the Judges of the Politie at Athens.

Attigny, Attiniacum, a Town in the Province of Champagne, in the Dukedom of Reimes, upon the River Aisne (Axona) 11 Miles from Reimes to the South-East, in which Chilperi•us, King of France, died, Anno. Christ. 72•. Lewis the Debonnaire, King of France and Emperour, did Penn•nce and made a publick Confession of his Crimes before a Council here Assembled in 822.

Attleborough a Market-Town in Norfolk in the Hundred of Shropham.

Ava, or Aba, a Kingdom, City, and River, in the Terra-firma of the Indies, between the States of Siam and Arachan. § Also a Province and Town of the Isle of Xicoco, belonging to Japan.

Availle, Avallensis Comitatus, a Territory in Aquitaine, in the Province of Limofin in France.

Avalon, Aballo, a Town in Burgundy in France, upon the River Cousin, betwixt Auxerre and Autu•, with a good Castle.

Avalon, Avalonia, Aveland, is an Island in Somersetshire, in which Glastenbury stands: It gives the Title of a Viscount to the Family of the Mordants.

Avanches. See Wiflisbourg.

Avares, a Barbarian People of Scythia, who took part with the Huns, and Ravaged the Empire on either side the Danube, in the sixth Century.

Avaux, a County in Champagne in France, in the Neighbourhood of Rheims, giving its Title to the House of Memes. Charlemaigne defeated the Normans here in 882.

Aubanne, Aubanca, Albinia, a Town and Barony in Provence in France.

Aube, Alba, a River of France, which riseth in the Borders of Bnrgundy; and flowing through the Province of Champagne, watereth Bar; after which being encreased with some additional Rivers, it falls into the Seyne, (Sequana) at Pont sur Seyne.

Aubenas, Albenacum, a Town in the Province of Vivarets in France, upon the River Ardesche.

Aubrac, a famous Rich Hospital in the Diocese of Rodes, in Aquitain in France.

Auburne, a Market-Town in Wiltshire, in the Hundred of Ramsbury.

Aubusson, a Town in the Province of Auvergne in France. The Ruins of the Castle here shew the Grandeur of the Family of this Name, who are the Lords of the place.

Aude, Atax, a River of Languedoc in France. It takes its source from the Pyranees in the County of Rosillon, and falls into the Mediterranean near Narbonne.

Avein, Aveinum, a Village in Luxembourg; made famous by a great Victory obtained by the French against the Spaniards, anno 1635. It is scarce 2 Leagues distant from S Huberts, to the North.

Aveira, Lavara, a Town in Portugal near the Mouth of the River Vouga, in the Province of Beira.

Aveiro, Averonius, a River in the Province of Rovergue in France. It rises in the Territory of Sovorac; passes to Rhodez, St. Anthonin, Bourniquet, Negrepelisse; and having entertain'd the streams of several Rivers in the way, delivers itself into the Tarn at Pointe d'Aveiron.

Avella, a Town and Marquisate in the Terra di Lavoro in Italy, 4 Miles from Nola, and 15 from Naples: not considerable.

Avellino, Abellinum, a City with the Title of a Principality, in the further Principate in the Kingdom of Naples; it's a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Benevento.

Avenay, Avenoeum, a small Town in Champagne in France, 4 Leagues from Rheims, near the River Marne.

Avenmore, Dabrona, the Broad Water, a River in the Province of Munster in Ireland: it arises near the Earldom of Desmond, and running East, it takes in several other Rivers; and having washed the Town of L•smore, it falls into the Ocean at Youghal, where it maketh a Haven, about 20 Miles West of Waterford Haven.

Averno, Avernus, Aernus, a deep Lake, surrounded with Mountains and a Wood, in the Terra di Lavoro, in the Kingdom of Naples, near to Baja and Cuma. The Vapours it sends forth are very corrupt and noxious; which made the Poets represent it as one of the Mouthe of Hell. Nero attempted to make a Navigable Canal from hence to the Disembogure of the Tiber; but the Mountains and Soil rendred it impracticable. To the West of it there is a Cave struck out of a Mountain, where they formerly consulted an Oracle; and its supposed the same Cave was the Grotto of the Sibylla Cumana.

Aver•a, a City and a Bishops See, in the Terra di Lavoro, in the Kingdom of Naples. Built in the Eleventh Century upon the Foundations, as some believe, of the antient Atella; and Fortifi'd with a noble Castle. It carries the Title of an Earldom too; together with this Episcopal See, they have united that of Atella and Cuma.

Avesnes, Avennae, a Town of Haynaut; little, but famous, and well Fortifi'd; standing upon a small River which falls into the Sambre. This Town stands 4 Miles South of Maubeuge, 8 from Mons. It was yielded to the French by the Pyrenean Treaty An. 1659.

Avesnes le Comte, a small French Town in the Province of Artois, in the Borders of Picardy.

Augarras, Indians of Brasil in America, in the Province of Puerto Seguro.

Auge, a County in Normandy.

Augatow, Augustavia, a New Town in Poland, upon the River Brebetz, on the Borders of Lithuania, betwixt Bielsko and Grodno.

Avigliano, Aviliana, a small Town in Piedmont, upon the River Duria, 20 Miles from Turin to the West. (This River is call'd Grana in the late Maps) It stands on a Hill, and has a ruin'd Castle.

Avignon, Avenio, a City of Provence in France, upon the Rhone: it is an Archbishops See, a large well built Place, and very much famed for having been the usual Residence of the Popes from 1306. (by the Grant of Joan Queen of Naples, and Countess of Provence, to Clement V.) to 1378. In which time died here, John II. in 1334. Benedict XII. in 1341. Clement VI. in 1352. Innocent VI, in 1361. and Ʋrbanus V. in 1370. This City is an University, and had once a Stone Bridge, which is now decayed. The Archbishoprick was erected here by Sixtus IV. in 1475. During the Difference betwixt the King of France and Pope Innocent XI. about the Franchises, the former took this City into his own Possession. It lies about 7 Leagues from Arles, on the Borders of the Principality of Aurange.

Avila, Albula, a City of old Castile in Spain, famous for the Birth of S. Teresia. It is wholly built upon a Hill, well fenced with Walls, seated amongst many Rocks, and neighbouring Mountains, yet has a pl•a•••nt Situation near the River Adaja. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Compostelle: it stands in the midst between Salamanca and Madrid, 16 Leagues from either. § There is another Town of the same Name in Peru, upon the River Napo.

Avilis, Aulide, an antient Town and Port in Baeotia, upon the Gulph of Negropont.

Avilla, Avilles, a Town in Asturia in Spain, towards the Mouth of the River Nalon, and the Bay of Biscay.

Avin, Avo, Avenna, is a small River in the County of Louthiane, which falls into the Frith at Blackness, near Lithgow.

Aviquirina, an Island in the Pacifick Ocean, upon the Coast of the Kingdom of Chili.

Avis, Avisum, a small, but Fortifi'd Town in Portugal; to which there belongs an Order of Knights of the same Name. It is 9 Miles from Ebora North, and a• many from Port Alacri West.

Aukland, a Market-Town in Durham, in the Hundred of W. Darlington. It has a Bridge over the River Ware, and is pleasantly seated in a good Air upon the side of a Hill. The Bishops of Durham have a noble Castle here.

Aulayas, a Lake in Peru, also called the Lake of Paria.

Aulcester, a Market-Town in Warwickshire, in the Hundred of Barlich-way, upon the Confluence of the Alne and the Arrow.

Aulerges, Aulerci, a People of the antient Gaul, of Three Divisions: called Aulerci Cenomani, Diablantes, and Eburovices: being those of (the now) Mars, Perche, and the Diocese of Eureux.

Aumale. See Albermarle.

Auneau, a small Town in the Province of la Beausse in France, 14 Leagues from Paris: memorable for the defeat of the Germans, Swisse and others, by the Duke of Guise, in 1587.

Aunis, Alnensis Tractus, a small Territory of which Rochel is the Head. It is taken out of Saintogne, and bound on the West with the Ocean, on the East and South with Saintogne, and on the North with Poictou.

Avogasia, a Province of Asia, betwixt Georgia, Comania, and the Black Sea. The chief Towns in it are S. Sophia, Ajazzo, Costa. This and Mingrelia answer to the Colchis of the Antients.

Avon, Alaunius, a River that separates part of Wiltshire, and all Gloucestershire, from Somersetshire; and then passing under the Walls of Bristol, falls into the Mouth of the Severn.

Avon the Less, a River of Northamptonshire; one Head of which riseth in Cherwelton, in the North part of that County, and the other out of Avon-Well by Naesby. § Also another small River of that name, in Merionethshire in Wales, which passeth by Dolgelhe to the Irish Sea. This Word in the Brittish signifieth a River, as Mr. Camden acquaints us.

Aups, Aulps, Ʋrbs & Castrum de Alpibus, a Town in Provence in France; so called, because the Alps begin to elevate themselves near it.

Aurach, Auracum or Ʋracum, a Town in the Circle of Schwaben in Germany, in the Dukedom of VVirtenburgh, upon the River Rems, Remus, which 2 Miles lower falls into the Neckher, (Nicrum.) It is built at the foot of the Mountains, 4 Miles from Tubingen, to the East, and 7 Miles from Ʋlm. Lately strengthened with a strong Castle, and is the Residence of the Younger Dukes of Wurtenburgh.

Avranches, Abrincae, Avrenchea, a City of Normandy, upon the Borders of Bretagn: it is a Bishoprick, under the Archbishop of Roan: it stands upon the River See, 10 Leagues from Coutance South, and as many from S. Malo North: near the Sea. In 1172. the Cardinals Albert and Theodinus, Legates from Pope Alexander III. by his Order assembled a Council here, to examine into the Murder of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury.

Auray, Auriacum, a Town and Port in Bretagne upon the Bay of Morbihan, 3 Leagues North of Vannes, twenty three North of Nantes, and within 2 Leagues of the Sea. This place is famous at present for a Chappel called S. Anns, from the Mother of the Virgin Mary; and much frequented and adorned with Presents, by the Votaries of Mother and Daughter: likewise in former times for a Battle here fought between John de Monfort, and Charles Earl of Bloise, Sept. 29. 1364. where the Title of Bretagne was determined by the Sword; the English, who sided with the former, prevailing.

Aure, a River of Normandy in France. It rises near Caumout, and passes to the Drome, by Vaux and Bajeux.

Aure or Eure, a River of France, rising in the Dukedom of Berri; and passing to the Auron and Aurette by Bourges.

Aure, in La perche. See Eure.

Aurick, Auricum, a Town in East Friesland, with a Castle, in which the Count of Embden, for the most part resides. It is seated in a barren Country, a Plain, scarce 3 German Miles from Embden to the East: the Country about it is called from the Town Aurickerland.

Auriege or Lauriege, Alburacis, Aurigera, a River of France; first appearing in che County of Foix; then it salutes Foix, Pamiers, Saverdun, &c. admits the Lers, the Arget, and the Leze into its Channel, so throws itself into the Garonne 2 Leagues from Tholouse.

Aurillac or Orillac, Aureliacum, a very fine Town, well built, in high Auvergne in France, upon the River Jordane. It suffered severely in 1562. by the Wars.

Auron, Eura, a River of Bourdeaux in Aquitaine.

Ausbourg, Augusta Vindelicorum, Druso magus, Damasia. This City is called by the Inhabitants, Auspurg, by the French, Ausbourg, by the Italians, Augusta. It is a famed City of Germany, a place of great Trade, and the Capital City of the Province of Schwaben. It stands near the Borders of the Dukedom of Bavaria, upon the River Lech, (Lycus) near that place where the River Werdach falls into the Lech about 6 Miles from the Danube, to the South; 9 Miles from Ratisbone, and 10 from Constance: it is a Bishoprick, under the Archbishop of Mentz, and the City is an Hans Town, and has been honored with many German Diets; but is especially remarkable for that held there in 1530. when the Lutheran Princes and States did deliver in to Charles V. the Confession of their Faith, which from this place is called the Augustane Confession. This City first obtained their Charter of Liberty from Frederick I. An. 1162. and afterwards in 1266. they purchased their Freedom from the Duke of Schwaben. Jan. 24. 1689. Joseph King of Hungary was here Elected, Sworn, and Proclaimed the King of the Romans, and Crowned on the 26.

Ause, a River of Auvergne in France, joyning with the Allier.

Auses, an antient People of Africa mentioned by Herodotus.

S. Austel, a Market-Town in Cornwal, in the Hundred of Powder. It returns two Burgesses to the Parliament.

Austerlitz. See Slawkow.

Austrasie, Austracia, which the Germans called the Westrich; was a considerable part of France during the first Race of Kings; and had the Title of a Kingdom, which was afterwards called the Kingdom of Mets, because that City was the Capital of it. Under the second Race of Kings it was called the Kingdom of Lothaire. The bounds of it were very various, sometimes bigger, and at others less.

Austria, called by the Inhabitants Oesterreich, by the French. Autriche; by the Turks, Beetstan or Weetzstan; by the Poles, Rakusy; is a Province of Germany, bounded on the North by Bohemia and Moravia, on the East with Hungary, on the South with the Dukedom of Stiria, and on the West with Bavaria and Salsburgh: it is divided almost into two equal parts by the Danube. This Province was first under Marquesses from 928. In 1156. they had the Title of Duke given them: and Frederick, who was after Elected Emperor, had the Title of Arch-Duke conferred on him; which is the only Title of Arch-Duke in the World. From this Country it is that the House of Austria takes its Name, of which Family

=== descriptionPage 30 ===
the Emperors of Germany have been ever since 1438. and the Kings of Spain since 1515. It is a very fertile Country, amply supplyed with Mines and Rivers. Vienna, the Capital. The Archduke has a particular power of creating Counts and Barons over all the Empire by antient Concession, with this privilege besides, that he cannot be deprived of his Lands and Principalities by the Emperor himself.

Authie, Attilia, a River of Picardy in France. It arises near a Castle of the same name in Artois; glides by Dourlens and Auxi; then falls into the Sea at a place call'd Pas d'Authie.

Autun, Angustodunum, Hedua, is a very antient City in the Dukedom of Burgundy; and a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Lions; seated upon the River Arroux, Arotium, (which falls into the Loire,) 25 Miles West of Chalon, and about the same distance South-West from Dijon.

Auva, a City and Kingdom of Japan.

Auvagdonne, or Achad, Achadia, a City in the County of Gallway in Connaught in Ireland, which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Tuam.

Auvergne, Alvernia, is a large Province almost in the midst of France; it has the Dukedom of Bourbonne on the North, the Earldom of Forez on the East, the Marche and Limosin on the West, and on the South Rouergue. The Southern part is mountainous, the Northern is very well watered and fruitful. The chief Town is Clermont. It had Earls which govern'd it till 1024. when Philip the August put an end to this Earldom upon the Rebellion of Guido, the last Earl, and annexed it to the Crown of France. In this Province there are thirteen Towns, which send their Deputies to the Assembly of the States in France.

Aux, Auscii, an Archbishoprick and a City in the County of Armagnac in France. This City stands upon the River Sers, which runs not far before it falls into the Garonne. It is distant from Tholouse almost 20 Miles to the North-West, and the Archbishoprick is esteemed one of the richest in France.

Auxerre Antissiodorum, is a City and an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Sens, upon the River Yonne, (Icauna,) which falls into the Seyne, (Sequana.) This City is large and beautiful, seated in a fruitful Plain, about 12 Leagues from Sens.

Auxerrois, a small Territory in France, adjacent to Auxerre.

Auxois, Alexiensis tractus, a Bailiwick in Burgundy in France.

Auxone, Aussona, a small but very strong City of the Dukedom of Burgundy, upon the River Sone, from whence it has its name. It is five Leagues from Dijon, East, and four from Dole.

Auzone, Auzonum, a small City of Auvergne in France, in a mountainous Country, near the River Allier (Elaver) which falls into the Loire. It has an old Castle, and is distant from Clermont ten Leagues North.

Axbridge, a Market-Town in Somersetshire, in the Hundred of Winterstoke, upon the River Axe.

Axel, Axella, a small, but strong Town in Flanders, under the Dominion of the States of Holland, whose Surprisal was the first exploit of Count Maurice of Nassau, Captain General of the United Provinces, after his entrance upon that Employment in 1587. It stands 4 Leagues from Gant, and about 6 from Antwerp, West.

Axholm, an Island made by the Rivers Trent and Dun in Lincolnshire: About 10 miles in breadth and 5 in length. The middle part, which is the more rising ground, is very fruitful; and particularly of Flax. Alabaster is found in it.

Axmister, a Market Town in Devonshire upon the River Axe: the Capital of its hundred.

Axum, Auxuma, a City, and heretofore the Capital of the Kingdom of Tigre, in the Province of Sire in Aethiopia.

Ayr, a small Town upon Dunbritain Frith, in the South part of Scotland, with a River of the same name in the Territory of Kile; in which Oliver Cromwel built a strong Citadel or Fort, to keep the Scotch Nation in awe.

Ayr, Arola, a small River in France, which riseth in the Dukedom of Barrois; and running North, watereth Clermont and Varenne; and at last falls into the Aisne.

Aza, a Town in Cappadocia upon the Borders of Armenia betwixt Trebizonde and Neo-Cesaraea.

Azack, Tanais, See Asoph.

Azamor, a Town in the Province of Duguela in the Kingdom of Marocco, at the mouth of the River Ommirabi. The Portugueze took it in 1508 and in 1540 they abandoned it. The Moors afterwards repeopled it; but being all kill'd or taken in a night by a surprize of the Portugueze, it has continued desart ever since.

Azaotan, Azaot, the vast Desarts of Libya in Africa.

Azeca, an antient Town of the Amorites in Chanaan, where God Almighty rain'd down Hailstones upon them from Heaven. Josh. 10. 11. Rehoboam repair'd it. 2. Chron. 11. 9. It was afterwards ruined in the Wars by the King of Babylon. Jerem. 34. 7.

Azem, a Kingdom in the Terra firma of the Indies, beyond Ganges, in one of the most plentiful Countries of all Asia, for all things necessary to human life. The Capital of it, is Kemmerouf, 21 days journey distant from the Town Azem. The People live altogether at their ease. They esteem the flesh of dogs particularly above other meats, selling great quantities thereof in their Markets.

Azores, commonly call'd by English-men the Canary Islands, are 7 Islands in the Atlantick Ocean, not unknown to the Antients; and by Pliny, Solinus, and others, mentioned under the name of the Fortunate Islands; and tho they differ as to the number, yet all agree, Canaria was one of them; but which is most wonderful, the knowledge of them was perfectly lost till 1330. when a Ship being distressed by Weather, discovered them; and it is not agreed whether it was an English, French, or Dutch Ship. In 1334. the Portuguese attempted to conquer these Islands, and were beaten off. In 1417. Henry King of Castile granted these Isles to one John Betancourt, upon condition he should hold them under the Crown of Castile; and he accordingly subdued four of them. Ferdinando conquered the rest in 1483. and under Spain they are at this day. They had this name given them from the great number of Hawks the first Adventurers found in them. See Canary Isles.

Azotus, an antient City of Palestine. Taken heretofore by Joshua about the year of the World 2586. Then it became one of the five Governments of the Philistines, who detain'd the Ark in it. Since Christianity, it was made a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Cesarea. Baldwin I. took it from the Saracens in 1101. It had a Church built in it, and an Episcopal House in the particular place (they say) where St. Philip left the Eunuch he baptized, when he was rapt away by the Spirit. Sometimes call'd Azotus Paralia, to distinguish it from Azotus Ippini, which was another Episcopal See heretofore in Palestine. See Ashdod.

Azin-court, or Agincourt, a small Town in Artois in the Earldom of S. Paul, from which it is distant somewhat above 3 Leagues to the West, as it is also from Hesdin to the North. In 1415. Henry V.

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of England beat D'A•bret, Constable of France, who came against him with a French Army consisting of 80000 Men, near this small Town; which has given it a name amongst the most considerable Places of the World. See. Trussel. Life and Reign of Hen. V.

Azuayes, a poor People of Barbary and Numidia in Africa upon the Coasts and Mountains. They wear a Cross engraven upon their face or hands to distinguish them from other Africans. A Custom first introduced amongst them in token of their being Christians, according to a Law made, when the Gothish and Christian Princes reign'd in Barbary, that whereas all such Infidels as would embrace the Gospel were excused Tribute, therefore those who became Christians in reality should make themselves known to the publick Officers of the revenue by a Cross of that nature. They persevered in their Conversions till the Caliphs came in: And tho they wear the Cross still, yet it serves them with other Figures more for a pretended Ornament, than a token of Religion.

=== BAB. (Book b) ===
BAalhasar, mention'd 2 Sam. 13. 23. A place beside Ephraim in Judaea, where Absalom commanded his Servants to kill Amnon for forcing his Sister Thamar.

Baar, Vargiones, a County in Schwaben in Germany, near the Fountains of the Danube, in the Possession of the Prince of Furstemberg. Die Baar are also the Mountains of Schwaben, call'd Abnobi by the Romans.

Baaz, or the Isle de Baz, is an Island on the Coast of Bretagne in France.

Babelmandel, Diodori Insula, is a small Island in the Red Sea, belonging to Aethiopia, mentioned by Pliny, Ptolemy, Arrian, and others: but the later Geographers are not agreed whether this be it, or Primeira, which lies near it. It lies in the very entrance of the Red Sea, or Arabick Gulph, and gives name to that passage.

Babylon in Aegypt, stood over against Memphis, near the Nile. St. Peter wrote his First Epistle, its thought, from this Babylon; because the other was deserted before, as this since; yet forming Cairo out of its ruines.

Babolitza, Carethna, or Vallis Cariniana, a Town placed by Antiochus in the Lower Pannonia, now part of the Lower Hungary.

Baboliza, or Babolza, a Town of the Lower Hungary, call'd by Antoninus, Mansuetinum: it has now a Castle, and lies about five Hungarian Miles West of Zigeth; in our latter Maps it is call'd Babolcha.

Babuco, Bauco, Bovillae, a Town of S. Peter's Patrimony, near the Confines of Campania, and the Kingdom of Naples.

Babul, Pattala, or Patala, is one of the greatest Cities in the East-Indies, seated in an Island of the River-Indus, under the Dominion of the Great Mogul.

Bacalal, a Lake in the Northern America.

Bacar, Ituraea Trachonitis, a Region of Palestine, often mentioned in the New Testament. It lies beyond Jordan between Samaria and Arabia, and belonged to the Tribes of God and Reuben. The Inhabitants are famed in the Roman History for good Archers; tho Cicero, [2. Phil.] calls them at the same time, Omnium gentium maxime barbaros, the most barbarous of all Nations. They are mentioned also by Virgil, Lucan, and Vopiscus, on the same account. There is another Country in the East-Indies, call'd by the same name.

Baccharuch or Bachruch, a small Town in the Lower Palatinate upon the Rhine, in the greatest esteem for Wine of all the places in Germany: whence that Etymology of its name, Bacchi ara, descanted by H. Stephanus.

Bachad, Seleucia, a City of Mesopotamia upon the River Tigris: in antient times called Coche, and afterwards Alexandria from Alexandria the Great, who rebuilt it; after which being re-edified by Antiochus King of Syria, (who call'd it by his Father's name, Seleucia) and being again ruin'd, it was rebuilt in 762. by Almanusor Abugiafar the 22d. Calif, first on the Western Shoar of Tigris, and after on the Eastern in Chaldea: in time it grew great, rich, and populous, being the Seat of many of the Califs, and was call'd Bagdad, or Bagdet; that part which lay on the Western side, being deserted by degrees, is become a heap of Rubbish. This City lies in an oblong figure, is great and well fortified; it has a Bridge of Boats over the Tigris, and a strong Castle, in which the Turkish Bassa resides. It has been very often taken and re-taken by the Turks and Persians. The former possess'd themselves of it in 1638. after a bloody Siege, in which they lost 40000 Men, and have kept it ever since. It lies 79. 20. Long. 35. 40. Lat. and is by many Writers mistaken for Babylon, tho it lies at the distance of forty Miles from it, and upon the Tigris, whereas that lies upon the Euphrates.

Bach, Bachia, a small Episcopal City of the Lower Hungary, under the Archbishop of Colocza, upon the Danube, where the River S•rwizz• meets it. This Bishoprick is united for ever to the Metropolitan See; and it was in the hands of the Turks, till 1686. when, by the taking of Quinque Ecclesiae, and the deserting of Colooza by them, after Buda was taken, it returned under the Obedience of the Emperor.

Bachian, Bachianum, called Bacham by the Portugals; one of the Molucco Islands in the East-Indies, and a distinct Kingdom; small but very fruitful; under the Dominion of the King of Machian, from whence it lies about 30 Miles to the South, and a little less from the Island of Gioli; almost exactly under the Line. It has a Town of the same name, and a Fort belonging to the Dutch called Barnewelt.

Bacha Serrail, or Bacie-Saray, the Capital City of the lesser Tartary upon the River Kabarta, and the usual residence of the Cham of the Crims.

Bachu ... And there is also another City in Arabia Felix called by the same name in Ptolemy.

Backow, Bachow, Baccovia, a City of Walachia (as others of Moldavia) upon the River Alauta, which falls into the Danube a little above Nicopolis. This was made a Bishops See by Pope Clement VIII. under the Archbishop of Colocza: it is in the Northern Bounds of Walachia, about 25 Miles North, West of Targvisco, the Capital City of that Province. By some called Braislow.

Bacras, one of the Branches of Mount Taurus, which rises in Cilicia, a Province of Asia the less.

Baeueen, Baduhennae Lucus, a famous Forest in Friesland, one of the United Provinces mentionedby Tacitus: it is still the greatest Wood in all that Province; by the Common People called Seven-Wolden, that is the Seven Woods. It stands 3 Leagues from Groningen, to the Westward, towards Slote; others suppose it to be meant of Coevorden, a strong Town in Trans-Issillane, near the River Schwart-water, or Groeningen-Diep, (which falls near Groningen) called by the Romans, Virus; but the most common and best supported Opinion is the first.

Badai, a People of Tartaria Deserta, adoring the Sun, and some say, a red Clout elevated in the Air.

Badajox, Pax Augusta, a City of Estremadura, which heretofore belonged to Portugal, (inthe Confines of which it stands) but is now the Capital of Estremadura, a Province in the Kingdom of Leon in Spain: large, populous, and well fortified, and seated on a Hill. The Portugals after they had driven out the Spaniards very unfortunately, attempted the Recovery of this Place in 1658. It lies 3 Leagues from Yelves to the East, and 25 from Sevil to the North-West. It stands upon the River Guadiana, where the River Xevora falls into it on the opposite side. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Compostella: has a Bridge over the River, and was heretofore a Dukedom, erected by Henry IV. King of Castile. Anne, the Wife of Philip II. King of Spain, died here in 1580. It lies in 13. d. of Long. and 38. 45. of Lat.

Badara, a Town in the East-Indies, in a Peninsula on this side of the River Ganges, upon the Coast of Malabar, in the Kingdom of Calecut, 6 Leagues from Calecut to the East.

Badelona, a Town of Catalonia in Spain, call'd by Mela, Baetulo: once famous, now a Village, not far from Barcinone, and about a League from a River of the same name heretofore, now called Besos, which falls into the Mediterranean Sea between these two Places.

Baden, Ober Baden, Aquae, Castellum Aquarum, Thermae superiores, a Town in Switzerland, between Zurich, (from which it is distant two Leagues) and Basil, from which it stands six Leagues. As the Assemblies of the Cantons are usually held here, this place is famed for a League treated amongst themselves in 1656. There was a general meeting of the Deputies of the 13 Suisse Cantons held here, Octob. 1690. wherein they resolved, in reference to the present War betwixt the Confederate Princes and France, that they would maintain a Neutrality; but withal secure the pass of Augst, and the Bishoprick of Basle, with the four Forrest Towns, in which the French did pretend to take their Winter Quarters It lies upon the River Limat, (Limagus) which a little beneath falls into the Aar (Arola) the greatest River in those Countries, which falls into the Rhine at Waldhust, a Town of Schwaben.

Baden, Bada, Thermae Inferiores, a small City of Schwaben in Germany, the Head of the Marquisate of that name; 5 Leagues from Strasburg to the South-East, 1 from the Rhine, and 8 from Spire: famous for its natural Baths, from whence it has its name. The Marquisate is of no great extent, but very populous, and the Villages so thick, lying along the Rhine, that the whole Principality is compared to one continued City. Long. 28. 40. Lat. 82. 20. It is called by the Germans, Margraven Baden, to distinguish it from other places called by the name of Baden. The Original of the Noble Family now possessed of this Honor, was from the Duke of Zering; for Bertholdus I. was the Father of Hermanaus, the first Founder of this Family, which is now divided into two Branches, the one professing the Protestant, and the other the Roman Catholick, Religion; of the later Branch comes the present Prince Lewis, who, since the Death of the Duke of Lorrain, has been honored by the Emperor with the general Command of all his Forces in Hungary; and obtained great Victories.

Baden, Aquae Pannoniae, a Town in Austria, 3 Leagues from Vienna to the South, seated at the foot of the Mountains.

Badenoch, in Latin Badenochia, is a County in the North of Scotland, of a barren Soil, full of Mountains; divided in two by a great Lake, and bounded by the Counties of Murray, Ross and Athol.

Badenweiler, a City in the Province of Brisgow in Germany, between Friburg and Basil; yet a part of the Marquisate of Baden, and famous for Hot Baths.

Baeotia. See Boeotia.

Baern. See Berghen.

Baetica, one of the 3 antient parts of Spain, taking its name from the River Baetis which we now call Guadalquivir; See Spain. Its principal Cities were Sevil and Corduba. From the time that Alphonsus King of Castile was defeated here, by Aben Joseph K. of Morocco, in the Year 1195. the Saracens possessed it unto the Reign of Ferdinand V.

Baeza, Biatia, a City of Andalusia. It was heretofore an Episcopal City, under the Archbishop of Toledo; but in 1249. its Bishoprick was united by Pope Innocent IV. to that of Jaen or Gaën. [Glenna] This City was recovered from the Moors by Ferdinand King of Castile, in 1227. It was a Roman Colony, then called Ʋrbs Baetica. Here is an University, erected in 1538. and the Town is large, and stands upon a Hill one League from the River Guadalquivir.

Baffin's Bay, a Gulph extended from the 70th to the 80th deg. of North Lat. in the Terra Australis of America; discovered by an Englishman who gives his Name to it.

Baffo, Paphos, a City in the Island of Cyprus, once famous, now ruin'd.

Bagaloag, a Town upon the Frontier of Bosnia in Dalmatia, under the Turks.

Bagamidri, a Kingdom in the upper Aethiopia, lying along the Nile to the West. It is ordinarily divided into 17 Provinces, whereof some are large enough to be Kingdoms.

Bagaudes, a People amongst the antient Gauls. They revolted twice from the Romans, at the end of the third and in the Fifth Century; and were each time defeated.

Bagaya, Bagy, Vaga, a City of Numidia in Africa. The Emperor Justinian Wall'd it, and newnam'd it Theodora from his Empress. In 394. the Donatist Bishops celebrated a Council here, concerning the Cause of Primianus Bishop of Carthage.

Bagdat, or Bagdet. See Bachad.

Bagdasan, Bactra, a small City at the foot of Mount Caucasus, seated in a fruitful Soil, much celebrated in antient times; now of no Note.

Bagnabar. See Golconde.

Bagnarea, Balneum regis, Balneo regium, Novem populi, so called by the order of Desiderius King of the Lombards, as Paulus Diaconus saith. It is an Episcopal City in S. Peters Patrimony, built upon a Hill near the Lake Bolsena; it stands almost in the middle between Mount Fiascone and Orvieto, from which last it is not above 6 Miles distant to the South. In this Place S. Bonaventure, who flourished in the twelfth Century, with the Title of the Seraphical Doctor, was born.

Bagneres, a Town in the County of Bigorre in Gascony in France, famous for its hot Baths till 1660. when that natural Fire which heated them, was extinguished by an Earthquake, as Brietius saith.

Bagni d'Abano, Fontes Aponi, Aquae Petavinae, a place that has Baths, in the Territory of Padoua in Italy.

Bagni, di Salviati, a place not far from Cuma, where Cesar the Dictator had a Country House.

Bagni di Tritolino, a place in Campania, where Cicero had a Country House, not far from Puteolum. To these and divers other places in Italy, they gave the Pre-names of Bagni, from their Baths; wherein the antient Romans delighted so, that P. Victor reckons 800 of them in Rome only.

Bagrava, Galesus, a small River that springs from the Apennine Hills, near the City Oria, in the County of Otranto in the Kingdom of Naples; and running Westward, falls into the Bay of Taranto, not far from that City which gives its Name. This River is now commonly called Galeso.

Bahama, an Island, and the most rapid Channel in all America, Eastward from Florida; through which the Spanish Fleets pass to the Havana.

Baharen, Ichara, Tylus, an Island in the Persian Gulph. Others say it is Carge, another Island in the same Gulph, over against the mouth of the River Euphrates, that the Ancients meant by these Names. It is called by others Elchadr.

Bahar-Eunil, one of the Branches of the Nile in Aethiopia.

Bahar-Zocoroph, the Persian Gulph.

Bahar-Rumi, the Mediterranean Sea.

Bahia de todos los Santos, the same with S. Salvador in Brasil.

Bahuys, Bahusium, a strong Castle situated in a small Island made by the River Trolhetta, which falls a little lower into the Baltick Sea. It heretofore belonged to the Kingdom of Denmark, but in 1658. was taken by the King of Sweden, together with the County of the same Name. It stands two Danish Miles from Gottenburg towards the North. This Castle was built by Hakin IV. King of Norway in 1309. surrendred by Treaty to the Swedes in 1660 who before were in Possession of it; attempted by the Danes in 1678. but without any good Success. The Province in which it lies is bounded on the East with West Gotlandt, on the West by the Baltick Sea, and by the County of Aggerhuis towards the North. It lies 100 Miles in length from the North to the South, but it is not above 30 Miles broad, and in many places but 15. It has, besides the Castle I mentioned, a Town called Malstrano. This Territory was yielded to the Swedes by the Treaty of Roschild in 1658.

Baja, Baiae, a City of Campania in Italy, now ruined. It was the delight of the antient Romans. Separated from Pozzuoli by an Arm of the Tyrrhenian Sea, about 2 Leagues over, which the Emperor Caligula cover'd with a famous Bridge, passing and repassing the same in Triumph. The noble Rests yet extant discover that it has been a very magnificent Place. Since the times of Christianity, an Episcopal Chair was placed and settled in it, till its ruine was effected by Earthquakes.

Bajaria, Eleutherus, a River of Sicily. It falls into the Mediterranean Sea, 8 Miles East of Palermo and the River Oreto, on the Western side of the Island.

Baicadul, Batancaesarea, a City of the East-Indies within Ganges.

Baida, a Region of Tartary the Desart. See Badai.

Baieux, a City and Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Roan in Normandy in France, upon the River Aure, which a little lower buries itself under ground. It stands not above 2 Miles from the Brittish Sea towards the South. The College of Bajeux at Paris, was founded in 1308. by a Bishop of this place.

Bailleul, Baliola. See Belle.

Baionne. See Bayonne.

Bair, Barus, a River of the Low Countries.

Bais, Bacium, a Monastery in France, which lies between Corbie and Amiens upon the Somme [Sumina] over against Peronne.

Baise, Balisa, a River in Poictou in France.

Bakewell, a Market-Town in Derbyshire in the Hundred of High-Peak.

Bala, a Market-Town in the County of Merioneth in Wales, in the Hundred of Penllyn.

Balagata, a Kingdom in the Peninsula of Malabar, in the hither East-Indies, extended among the Branches of the Mountains of Gare, making a part

=== descriptionPage 32 ===
of the great Kingdom of Decan. Its chief City, Doltabad, is a place of great Trade.

Balaguer, Ballegarium, a City of Catalonia, seated at the foot of a very steep Hill, having a Stone Bridge over the River Segre: it was made famous by being taken by the French in the Year 1645▪ after a Defeat of the Spanish Forces, which should have covered it. It lies 3 Leagues from Lerida. [Ilerda] to the South East.

Balambuan, a City in the Island of Java in the East-Indies, with a Sea-Port towards the East. This City gives its Name to a Bay of the Sea, which lies near it.

Balassia, Audus, a River of Mauritania in Africa: it falls into the African Sea, between the Towns of Jatath and Igilgilim, at the Promontory call'd Capo di Gibramel.

Balaton, Volceae, a very great Lake in the Western part of the lower Hungary, lying about thirty Miles in length from the North-West to the South-East, but its breadth is not above six Miles: it has Vesprin on the South, Canisa on the West, and Alba Regalis on the East: The Germans call it Platzee.

Balbastro, Barbastrum, a City of the Kingdom of Aragon in Spain, upon the River Vero (Verum) where it falls into the Cinga about 8 Miles from Hu•scar (Osca) to the West, and Ilerda, now Lerida, to the North East. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Zaragoza, from which distant 14 Miles. This City was recovered from the Moors in the Year 1102. Call'd by some, heretofore, Bergidum; and by others, Belgida.

Balbec, Heliopolis, Caesarea Philippi, A City antiently of Coelesyria, at the foot of Mount Libanus; which was at first a Bishops See, made afterwards a Metropolitan under the Patriarch of Antioch. It is incompassed with very high Hills on all sides; and lies at the equal distance of about 32 Miles from Damascus, Tripoli, and Abyla.

Baldino, Ʋfens, a River of Italy arising in St. Peter's Patrimony, at a place call'd Casenove, 2 Miles from Setia; and falls into the Mare di Toscana near Terradina a City of Campania. It is now commonly call'd il portatore.

Baldo•, a Market-Town in Hartfordshire, in the Hundred of Broadwater.

Baleares, The Islands of Majorca and Minorca. See Majorca. It is remarkable, that amongst the slain in the Noble Battel of Creci in 1344. the King of the Baleares was one.

Balestra, Balista, a Branch of the Apennine in the Road to Parma, by the Valley of Tari, between Liguria and Hetruria.

Ba••, The most Easterly Kingdom in the Grand Empire of Abyssinia in Africa.

Balkan, a Mountain of Thrace call'd Haemus of old, dividing Thrace from Bulgaria: so very high, that from the top of it the Euxine Sea may be seen. It runs from the East to the West, and ends at the City of Mesembiria; out of it spring the Rivers Hebrus, now Mariza, which watereth Hadrianople; and Strymon, now Stromona. The Sclavonians call it Cumoniza; the Italians, Costegnazzo, or the Chain of the World; and the Turks Balkan.

Ballingacarrigy, a Ca••le near Cavan in the County of Cavan in Ireland. It had a Garison of about 200 Men in it, when Colonel Wolseley with a Party of King William's Forces came to attack it. And is naturally so strong, that none (as the Account says) but Irish Men would have been beaten out of it without Canon. After some Resistance, which however cost Colonel Wolseley dearer than he expected; they agreed to surrender it on terms, May 13▪ 1690.

Ba••a•, or Balza•, a Territory in the Dukedom of Angoumois in France, upon the River Charen•e, giving its name to the Family of the Guëz, which lately produced the most eloquent Man of France, Monsieur Balsac, a perpetual honour to his Country, and particularly this place. He died Feb. 28. 1654. §. The like in the Province of Auvergne, whence another antient Family receives their Title.

Balsara, Balsera, Teredon, a City attributed by Ptolemy and Ae•ian to Babylon, by others to Arabia. It belongs now to Arabia Deserta, and lies near the Confines of Arabia Foelix, near the Borders of the Province of Hierach. A great City, and of good Trade, and stands at the Conjunction of the Tigris and Euphrates, where they fall into the Persian Gulph. After the King of Persia had taken Ormus in the Year 1622, the English, Dutch, and Portuguese betook themselves to this Place, and setled their Factories here. In times past it was under the Kings of Persia, afterwards taken by the Turks. The Haven is safe and large, and stands about 12 miles above the Persian Gulph, on the Western shoar; and in the neighboring Villages many Christians of the Sabborites, or of St. John, live.

Baltimore Bay, a Bay and Haven in the Province of Mounster in the Kingdom of Ireland, and in the Earldom of Desmond, upon the Western Ocean.

The Baltick Sea, Sinus Co▪danus, may justly be call'd the Northern Mediterranean. It has no Communication with the Ocean, but by a narrow Streight call'd the Sound▪ which parts Jutland from Gothland: from the Cape of Schagen in Jutland, it bends to the South-East, as far as the Island of Zeland, which restrains it to so narrow a breadth, that the Castles of Elsene•r and Elsenborg command the Passage, and enable the King of Denmark to enforce a Tribute from all Ships trading in or out of the Baltick Sea: from thence it runs South, and washeth the Dukedom of Mekelenburg and Pomerania, as far as Dantzick: from thence it turns North again, and washeth Curland and Livonia as far as Nargen, where it is divided into two other great Bays; one of which is called the Bay of Finland, and divides Finland from Livonia. In this Bay lies Narva, the Capital of Livonia, heretofore the Store-house of the North: a little more North it receives the River Severi; into which run Ladoga and Onega, two vast Lakes that part Megrina and Cornelia, and run up almost as far as the White Sea, with which they seem also to have some Communication by their Rivers: from hence the Baltick runs to the North, as far as Wybourg•; where it turns again and runs South West as far as the Islands of Aland; and here begins the 2d, Branch of the Baltick call'd the Finnisch or Bot•er Sea; which runs North and South, leaving on the East Finland and Boddia, and on the West Sweden and Finmarck: at the most Northern Point of it lies Tornia, a Sea-Port Town. The various Countries which do border upon this Sea, and have little or no Communication with the other Seas, make it much frequented by Merchants of all Nations.

Baly, an Island of the East-Indies, East of Java, about 12 Miles in compass, very fruitful and well inhabited. It is thought to be the lesser Java, being separated from the greater only by a Bay.

Bamba, a Province of the Kingdom of Congo in Africa, with a Town of the same Name: it lies between Loanda to the South, and the River Zaire to the North, on the Western Shoar of Africa, beyond the Line. There is a Province in the South America, in the Kingdom of Papaian, under the Spaniards; and a Village in Castile in Spain, both of the same Name.

Bamberg, Gravionarium, Bamberga, a City of Germany in the Circle of Franconia, upon the River

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Rednit, which a little lower falls into the Mayn. It is a Bishops See, (under the Archbishop of Mayence, for some time) now immediatly dependent on the Pope. This City was made a Bishoprick by Henry II. Emperor; and had its Name from Baba, a Daughter of Otho the Emperor; and it signifieth in the German Tongue, the Hill of Baba. It is under the Civil Jurisdiction of its own Bishop; and stands about six Miles from Wurtzburg, to the North-East, and Nurenburg to the North-West. In this City died Henry II. in 1025. Conradus III. in 1152. Philip I. in 1208. It was antiently a free Imperial City, but not now: there belongs to it a small Territory or Diocese, which lies along the Mayn and the Rednit, extending in length from North to South 25 German Miles, but much restrained as to its breadth by the Marquisate of Culembach on the East, and the Bishoprick of W••tsburg on the West: besides these, he has some few Towns in Carinthia which were subjected to the Emperor by a Treaty in the Year 1535. with Ferdinando I. Henry II. (called St. Henry) built here a very magnificent Church for the Remission of his Sins in the Year 1007, and subjugated this City, with all its Dependencies to the Popes of Rome; but it was after redeem'd by Henry V. who gave that See the City of Benevento in Italy in Exchange for it. The antient City of Prague in Bohemia, is a Fee belonging to this Bishoprick; and the Electors of Saxony and Brandenburg hold other considerable Fees of it. There is another small Town of this Name in the Kingdom of Bohemia. Bamberg lies in 32. 49. Long. 49. 51. Lat.

Bambycatii, an antient People near the River Tigris in Asia; said to bury their Gold, Silver, and all Mettal that can be coyn'd into Money, in the desarts, to prevent the growth, thence issuing, of vice and corruption amongst them.

Bampton, a Market Town in Devonshire, and another in Oxfordshire, both Capitals of their Hundreds. The latter is situated near the River Isis, and affords a liberal Maintenance to 3 Vicars besides the Parson.

Banea, a City and Island to the Eastern point of the great Island of Sumatra in the East-Indies; separated from Sumatra by the Streights of Banca, over against Palimban.

Bancok, a regular and important Fortress in the Kingdom of Stam in the East-Indies.

Banda, an Island in the Indian Ocean to the South of the Island of Seran 20 Leagues, comprehending under the general name of Banda the 6 lesser Islands of Nera, Gunapi, Lantor, Puloway, Pulorin, and Bassingen: These being considered as parts of the Island of Banda. They drive a very great Spice trade, enjoy a perpetual Spring, and it is ordinary with the Inhabitants to live to 120 years. There is a good road to Banda, with two Forts to defend it, built by the Hollanders. The Natives are Mahometans; but believe the dead will never come to life again, unless they living pray for them.

Bandbury, or Banbury, a Corporation in the Northern part of the County of Oxon, upon the West side of the River Cherwel, which here divides the County of Northampton from that of Oxon. Near this place, Kimrick, King of the West Saxons, overthrew the Britains in a set Battel, manfully fighting for their Lives and Fortunes: and after this, Richard Nevil, Earl of Warwick, in the same place overthrew Edward IV. and took him Prisoner, and restored Henry VI. to the Crown. In the late Rebellion, this Place was taken, and garrison'd for Charles I. in 164•. after Edgehill Fight; in 1644, under the Command of Sir William Compton, it endured a sharp Siege, and several Storms, till it was relieved by the Earl of Northampton: after which it continued unattempted till the Year 1646, when it endured another sharp Siege for ten Weeks together, under the same Governor; who at last (after the King had put himself into the hands of the Scots) when it was not possible the Place could be relieved, surrendered it upon honorable Terms to the Rebels the 11th of May. The Family of the Knollys have been Earls of this Place ever since the Year 1626.

Bander-Abassi, a City upon the Coast of the Province of Farsistan in Persia, opposite to the Isle of Ormus; Sirnamed Abassi from Cha-Abas King of Persia the first Founder of its Commerce, which has rendred it the general place of resort for Vessels from the Indies, as of an English and Dutch Factory, being esteem'd the best Region of all the Persian Gulph. Yet so intolerably hot in the Summer Months, that the Air, the Arabians say, is poysonous, and causes sudden suffocations. It is fortified with two opposite Forts.

Bander-Congo, A City of Persia two days sail from the precedent, where both the Air and Water are commendable. But the dangerousness of the passage from Ormus to it, amidst a number of Islets, deprives it of the benefit of Commerce.

Bando, A City and Kingdom in the States of the great Mogul in the East-Indies, betwixt the Kingdom of Delli and the Province of Agra.

Banghor, Bangor, Bonium, or Bovium (in the old British Language call'd Bamornabyrig) an old Roman Town in Flintshire; but belonging to Cheshire; mentioned by Antoninus: and much more famous after the Plantation of Christianity in Britain, for a vast Monastery here, consisting of about 2000 Monks, qui omnes de labore manuum suarum vivere solebant, says Bede, who all wrought hard for their Livings: 200 of these, Edilfred, a Pagan Saxon King of Northumberland slew, because they implored Christ's Assistance in their Prayers for their Country-men against the Saxons. When Augustin the Monk came to convert the Saxons, here was a numerous Monastery; but before the Norman Conquest it was intirely ruin'd, as Camden acquaints us out of William of Malmsbury; to which Augustin the Monk is said or suspected to have lent his helping hand. Since that, those very Ruines are by time defaced: yet the Names of two of its Gates remain, Port Hogan and Port Cleis, which stand a Mile asunder; between which are found very often pieces of the Roman Money. This place stands upon the River Dee, East of Wrexham. §. Bangor the Bishoprick, is a different Place from the precedent, and stands in the County of Carnarvan in Wales upon the River Menay; call'd by the Latin Authors, Bangorium and Bangoria. This Bishoprick is of so antient a foundation, that we do not find its Original. The Cathedral is dedicated by the name of S. Daniel, who was Bishop here about the Year 516. From which time to the 11th. Century that Hernaeus filled the See, we have no Account of the succession. In 1496. Henry Deane, Bishop, repair'd the Cathedral after it had been defaced by the Rebel Owen Glendower. In 1541. Arthur Bulkeley Bishop, reduced the Bishoprick to a low Condition by unworthy sales and alienations. The Diocese contains the County of Carnarvan, with parts of Denbigh, Merioneth and Montgomery, and the whole Isle of Anglesey.

Banjaluth, Blandona, a large and well fortified Town in Bosnia near the Mountains, under the Dominion of the Turks, upon the River Cetina.

Banjans, a People universally scattered over the Provinces of the Indies, but most numerous in the Kingdom of Guzurate, and notorious for worshiping the Devil (together with a God) as the author of all

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the Evils of this Life, under a frightful Figure represented to them, to pacifie him and engage him in their Favor. In some things they are Mahometan▪ like; in others, divided amongst themselves into Sects, greater or less, almost innumerable, according as they affect their particular Superstitions. The Europeans use them for Managers and Interpreters in their Dealings with the Indians.

Banara, a City of the East-Indies in the Kingdom of Bengala, upon the River Ganges; under the Dominion of the Great Mogul, about 40 Miles from Gouro to the North, and 100 from Halavassa towards the South. Probably the same with Benares. See Benares.

Banny, or Ban, Argita, one of the largest Rivers of the Kingdom of Ireland. It ariseth in the County of Downe in the Province of Ʋlster; and having entertained some other Rivers, it falls into the vast Lake of Neaugh; afterwards dividing the County of Colrane, on the West of it, from that of Antrim on the East, it falls into the Caledonian Ocean, a little below Colrane Castle. This River divides the Province of Ʋlster into two parts: but Mr. Camden is rather of Opinion, that the Latin Name belongs to the Swilly, another great River in the same Province, but a little more to the West than this.

Bantam, a very great City, and a famous Mart and Sea Port in the Island of Java in the East-Indies, and the Capital of a Kingdom of the same Name. This City is seated at the foot of an Hill, 18 Leagues from the City of Batavia towards the West, upon a narrow Passage call'd the Streights of Bantam, right over against the Island of Sumatra. It has a very good Harbor belonging to it called the Sound, and was much frequented by the European Merchants, especially the English and Dutch. The Kingdom of Jacatra is subject to this Prince, and he has often made War with the Dutch, with reasonable good Success, till about the Year 1684. A Son of the King of Bantam rebelling against his Father, called the Dutch to his Assistance, by which means the Dutch possessed themselves of Bantam, seized the English Factory and their Effects, and made themselves sole Masters of that Trade. The Controversie between them and the English not being determined to this day. The old King in the mean time was kept a Prisoner, first at Bantam, afterwards in the Castle of Batavia; whither he was conducted in November 1687, with a formal Solemnity, and there lodged with his Wife, and some Slaves to attend him.

Bantry, a Bay in the Province of Munster in Ireland, where Admiral Herbert, now Earl of Torrington, engaged the French Fleet, May 1▪ 1689▪ upon their arrival with Succors for Ireland: which however were landed the day after.

Banya, Rivuli Puellarum, a Town of Transylvania, 6 Leagues from Bestercze to the West, not far from the Confines of the Upper Hungary.

Banza. See S. Salvador in Africa.

Bapalme, Balma, a strong Town in Artois, seated upon a rising Ground in the Borders of Picardy. This Town has been in the hands of the French ever since the Year 1641. It was yielded to them by the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. It stands at an equal distance from Peron, (a Town of Picardy) towards the South, and Arras towards the North.

Bar, a strong Town in Podolia, having a Castle built upon an Hill, and surrounded with Marshes, which contribute very much to its defence: It stands upon the River Kow, 18 Polonian Miles from Caminieck to the East, and as many from Barklow towards the West. This Town is under the Turks.

Bar, or Barrois, a Dukedom of France, betwixt Champagne and Loraine, incorporated after divers Revolutions, by the Concession of the Pyrenaean Treaty (as the French interpret it) in 1659▪ with the Crown of that Kingdom. Its Capital City is Bar¦le Duc. It lies on each side the Meuse; which divided it heretofore into the Royal and Ducal Barrois; both then belonging to the House of Loraine, they doing Homage to the King of France for the same.

Bar sur Aube, a fine Town in Champagne in France, but ill pav'd; it has its name from the River [Albula] Aube, on which it stands; upon the foot of an Hill in a very pleasant Country; about 8 Leagues from Ar•is towards the South, and as many from Troys towards the South-West, and 7 from Chastillon towards the North-East. This place is in much esteem for the delicious Wine the Country yields.

Bar, sur Seyne, a small City in the Dukedom of Burgundy, in the Confines of Champagne; seated in a Mountainous Country; about 5 Miles West of Bar sur Aube.

Bara. a Town in the Province of Gorga, in the Upper Aethiopia, near the Lake of Zaflan.

Barampour, a City of the East-Indies, under the Dominion of the Mogul, in the Kingdom of Candis. It lies 100 Miles from Surat towards the East, upon the River Tapi: this Place is called by others Barampore, and heretofore Baramatis, as Herbert saith.

Baranateta, the Name of a City and Kingdom in the Asian Tartary.

Barathrum, a deep Pit in Attica in Greece, contrived with Iron Spikes and Tenters, for a place of Execution, throwing the Malefactors Headlong into it, in antient times.

Barbadoes, one of the most considerable Plantations which the English have upon the Caribby Islands: it lies in 13. d. 20. m. Northern Lat. and 321. of Long▪ about 8 Leagues in length, and 5 in breadth, and inhabited by 50000. English, besides Negros, who are three times their number. This Island was first discovered to the English by Sir William Curteen, in the Reign of James I. but was then wholly desolate. The English soon after Planted it, and were driven at first to great Extremities; because Ships came very rarely and slowly thither from England; till having about the Year 1627. raised some Tobacco, Indico, Cotton-Wool and Fustick-Wood, and after that falling into the Sugar Trade, its Reputation and Wealth increased. And this Colony which for a long time subsisted by the courtesie or negligence of the Spaniards, grew so strong and numerous, that all their after Attempts signified nothing. Their Sugars, which at first were coarse, and would quickly melt if not spent, are now improved to a great Perfection. This Island is not well Watered with Rivers, or fresh Springs; yet lying now, they want not that Element, being supplied by Pools, Ponds, and Cisterns. It is very fruitful, and enjoys a perpetual Summer: Hot, but cooled by the Briezes which rise with the Sun, and blow fresher as the Sun gets higher. The chief Town of this Island is S. Michaels, situate at the bottom of Carlisle Bay, in the Southern part of the Island, where Ships have a very secure Harbor.

Barbara, a small Village in the Island of Sicily; but once a City of great Fame, and much taken notice of by Greek and Latin Writers, under the several names of Aegesta, Egesta, Acesta and Segesta, &c. It lies 22 Miles from the Promontory and City of Drepanum, now called Trapano, to the North-West, and 40 from Palermo, upon the Western Shoar of the Island; near it runs a small River which now beareth the name of S. Bartholomew.

Barbela, a River in the Kingdom of Congo in Africa, which falls into the River Zaire, which washeth the Walls of S. Saviour, or Banza, the Capital of this Kingdom.

Barbenzon, Barbentio, a Principality in Hainaut.

Barberino, Barberinum, a small Town in Tuscany in Italy, from whence the Noble Family of the Barberines receive their name; of which Family Pope Ʋrban VIII. was, who succeeded Gregory XV. and sate 21. Years, viz. from 1623. to 1644. This small Town is built upon an Hill, in the Road between Florence and Siena, 16 Miles from the former toward the South.

Barbowyna, Berbis, a Village of the lower Hungary, where the Ruins of an antient Roman Town are yet seen upon the Drave: 3 German Miles from Quinque Ecclesiae towards the South.

Barbuda or Barbada, one of the Caribby Islands in America, under the English; but of no very great Account. It is in length 15 Miles, Lat. North 17. d. •

Barca, Marmorica, a small Kingdom in Africa, on the West of Egypt, and the Mediterranean Sea; under the Empire of the Turks. But there is no Town of any note in it; there is adjoining to it a Desart called by the same name.

Barce•, Barcetum, a Castle in the Dukedom of Parma, between the Rivers of Parma and Taro, and the Apennine: 22 Miles from Parma, toward the South, and 16 from Pentremoli. There was antiently a very famous Monastery built here by the Kings of the Lombards.

Barcelona, Barcino, a City of Catalonia in Spain which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tarragona; and an University: it has an excellent Port upon the Mediterranean Sea, well Traded, and also a Castle. This City is the Capital of that Province, and esteemed one of the best Cities of Spain. Built by Hamilcar a Carthaginian, and called by his Punick Sirname of Barca. In the Year of our Lord 805. it was recovered out of the hands of the Moors, by S. Lewis, King of France: it is seated between the outlet of the River Badelona [Baetulo] which runs on the Eastern sides, and that of Lobregat [Rubicatus] which at the distance of 2 Miles on the Eastern side, falls into the Mediterranean Sea. It stands 12 Leagues from Tarragona East, and 16 from ••rona towards the South, and 13 from Ossuna Taken by the French in 1640▪ but returned under the Spaniard in 1652▪ after a very sharp Siege. This City was Honored with the Title of an Earldom by Lewis the Good, after he had taken it from the Saracens. Charles the Gross, gave this Earldom to Godfrey d'Arria, for his Service against the Normans, and his Heirs: after the Death of Raimond the last Earl, it was united to the Kingdom of Arragon in 1162. There were 3 small Councils celebrated in this City; one in 540. one in 603. and the last in 1064. James II. King of Arragon died here in 1327 Alfonsus IV. in 1336. and John II. in 1479.

Barcelonette, a Town and Valley in Provence heretofore, now in the Dominions of the Duke of Savoy. Built or rebuilt by Raimond V. Earl of Provence, in 1231▪ who called it by this name, in memory that his Ancestors came into Provence from Barcelona in Spain.

Barcelor, a City of the East-Indies, under the Dominion of the King of Bisnagar, upon the Sea Shoar, between Goa and Canora. It lies in almost 15▪ d. of Northern Lat. and Long. 105. This City was some time under the Portuguese, but is now recovered bythe King of Bisnagnar, a potent Indian Prince. It was also heretofore the Capital of a distinct Kingdom.

Barcelos, Celiobriga, a small Town in Portugal, Honored with the Title of a Dukedom. It lies in the County of Entre Douro é minho, upon the River Cavado, which not far from thence falls into the Atlantick Ocean; 6 Leagues North of Porto, and 4 West of Braga.

Barcena, Coloe, a Marsh in Aethiopia, out of which ariseth the River of Astapus, as Ptolomy saith.

Bardewic, a most antient City in Saxony within a Mile of Lunenburg, said to be built 990 Years before the coming of our Saviour.

Bardi, a People amongst the antient Gauls, in very great Esteem with them for Poetry and Musick: supposed to dwell about Montbard, or Mont-Barri, in Latin Mons Bardorum, a Mountain in the Territory of Auxois in Burgundy, which still retains their Name.

Bardt, a small Town in Pomerania in Germany upon the Baltick Sea, which has yet a large Haven, and a very fine Castle, and a Lordship belonging to it, near the River Bart. This place was yielded to the Swedes by the Treaty of Munster, in 1647. taken by the Elector of Brandenburgh, but restored to them again in 1679. it lies 3 German Miles from the Borders of the Dukedom of Mecklebourg, and at the same distance from Damgarden towards the North-East, and about 8 from Berghen in the Isle of Rugia to the West.

Bareyt, a well built Town, very handsom, in Franconia in Germany. The ordinary Residence of the Marquess of Brandenburg, who has a noble Castle here.

Bargemon, Bargemonum, a Town in Provence in France, 5 Leagues from the Sea, in the Diocese of Freius, upon a fertile little Hill: heretofore one of the Apannages belonging to the Cadets of the House of the Earls of Provence. It is now observable for a miraculous Image of the B. Virgin, whose History is written by Lewis Sylvacane.

Barwick. See Berwick.

Bari, Barium, a City in the Kingdom of Naples in a Province of the same name, called Terra di Bari; which has been long Honored with the Title of a Dutchy; it is an Archbishops See, well fortified, and has an indifferent good Haven upon the Adriatick, about 20 Miles distant from Poliano to the South-East,

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and Trani to the North-West. It has its name, as Festus writes, from Bara, a small Island near Brindisi, [Brundusium] the Inhabitants thereof building this City. The Body of S. Nicolas, Bishop of Myra in Lycia, one of the Fathers who opposed Arius in the first Council of Nice, is preserved in this City. P. Ʋrban II. celebrated a Council here in 1098. in which Anselme Archbishop of Canterbury disputed the cause of the procession of the Holy Ghost, and of the Union of the Eastern Church with the Western, against the Greeks. The Terra di Bari is a part of the antient Apulia Peucetia, upon the gulph of Venice, betwixt the Basilicate and Terra di Otranto.

Barilliana, an Island at the mouth of the Danube.

Barjols, Barjolum, a Town and Bailywick in Provence in France, in a very fruitful soil, adorn'd with a Collegiat Church since the Year 1060. During the Civil Wars of France, the Protestants took it in 1562. Those of the League retook it in 1590.

Barking, a Market Town in the County of Essex in the hundred of Becontree.

Barkshire. See Berkshire.

Barkway, a Market Town in Hartfordshire in the hundred of Edwinstree.

Barle-Duc, a neat and beautiful City, the Capital of the Dukedom of Barrois, built by Frederick I. Duke of Loraine in 951, upon the River Ornain, about 15 Miles from Nancy to the West, and thirteen from Chaalons: heretofore under the Dukes of Loraine: but now incorporated into the Province of Champagne in France.

Barletta, Barolum, or Barulum, a City situate in or near the place of the old Canusium in Apulia Peucetia in Italy; an Haven or Sea-Port, reckoned for one of the four strong Holds of Italy in the middle Ages. It lies upon the Adriatick Sea, about 24 Miles West of Bari, 4 South of the Outlets of the River of Ofanto. A large and beautiful City, and the Seat of the titular Archbishop of Nazareth.

Barlinguas, Erythiae, a knot of small Islands upon the Coast of Portugal, call'd by various names. They lie between the C. de Rocca to the South, and the C. de Mondego to the North; and not above 2 Leagues from the Shores of Estremadura.

Barmach, an extraordinary high mountain in the Province of Schirvan in Persia. The ruines of several Fortresses appear upon it, supposed to have been built by Alexander M. and demolished by Tamerlane.

Barnagasso, one of the Kingdoms of Aethiopia, which pays yearly to the Turks 1000 Ounces of Gold. Its Capital City is Barva.

Barnavelt's Island in the Magellanique Sea, was discovered by the Hollanders in 1616. It stands near Terra del fuego and the Streights of le Maire.

Barnet, a Town in Hartfordshire; memorable for a bloody engagement here betwixt the Houses of Lancaster and York, wherein the latter carried the Victory. It affords medicinal Waters.

Barnesley, a Market-Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire in the hundred of Staincross.

Barnstaple, a Market Town in Devonshire in the hundred of Branton, upon the River Taw, over which it has a spacious Bridge. It sends 2 Burgesses to the Parliament.

Baroche, a Town in the Kingdom of Guzerate in the Empire of the Great Mogul. The English enjoy a good settlement in it.

Barra, a small Kingdom in Guinea in Africa: the King of which was engaged by the Dutch in 1663. to fall upon the English Factory there. There is also a Town in Palestine call'd by this name.

Barrant, a Marquisate in the Province of Guienne in France. §. Also a Fort upon the Frontiers of Dauphine and Savoy, one League from Montmelian: Storm'd and taken by the Duk. de Lesdignieres in 1528.

Barrois. See Bar.

Barrab. Arabia Petraea.

Barow, a River of the Province of Leinster in Ireland, which ariseth in Queens County in the Mountains of Sliew Bloemy; and running Southward, washeth the Eastern Side of Caterlagh and Laighlin: after which it receives from the West, another great River call'd Neure, which divides Kilkenny: a little further to the South, it entertains the Sewer, which watereth the Walls of Waterford; and being thus augmented, it entereth the British Sea about 20 Miles West of Cape Carn, the South-Eastern Point of Ireland.

Bart, Alisus, Bardum. See Barde.

Bartas, a small Territory in the Province of Armaynac in France, near Aux. William de Saluste, the famous du Bartas, a Huguenot born in Gascoigne in 1545. and Author of the Poem of the Worlds Creation, received his title from hence.

Barton, a Market Town in Lincolnshire in the hundred of Yarborough, upon the River Humber over against Hull.

Barva, a City of Abyssinia near the River Marabu. The Capital of the Kingdom of Barnagasso.

Basil, Basilea, written in two of the Lives of Charles the Great, Basla; in after times Basula and Basala; by Cluverius, Artalbinum. It was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Besanzon, after the ruin of Augusta Rauracorum, which happened about the Year 800. Now the Principal City of Switzerland. It has its name from Basiliana the Mother of Julian the Apostate: but Valesius thinks the name rather taken from the River on which it stands, which he supposeth was then so call'd. It has a pleasant Situation, and is adorned with many magnificent Structures, and Churches; watered by many sweet Fountains, blessed with an healthful Air, a valiant People, and plenty of all things. Very antient; as being said to be ruin'd by the Almains in the Year 260. and suffered much in after-times from the Huns. It was beloved by Henry I. and II. In the Year 1368. much enlarged by Frederick Blackenheim, Bishop of Strasburg, and Administrator of the Diocese of Basil, who first obtain'd a Charter of Freedom for it: in the Year 1392. it was made an Hanse Town. One of the greatest things of antient Times which has made it famous, was the General Council held here under Sigismond the Emperor, and by several sessions continued from the Year 1431. to 1443. where it was decreed, that a General Council was above the Pope. Therefore Eugenius IV. dissolved it and convocated another at Ferrara. They refused to dissolve, deposed Eugenius, and elected Faelix V. Pope. The same Council established the pragmatick Sanction, that the Gallican Church received in 1438. in the presence of Charles VII. This City taught the rest of the Cantons the way of Leaguing and Uniting: for the Pope having excommunicated Lewis the Bavarian, Emperor of Germany, the City of Basil persevered in the Service of that Prince, and was for it excommunicated too: whereupon they threw the Popes Legat into the Rhine, and to secure themselves, entered into a League with Zurich, and Bearn, and other of the Principal Cities, in 1327. This City embraced the Reformation in 1529. It is one of the most celebrated Universities in Christendom, which was opened here by Pius II. Ann. Dom. 1459. The Art of making Paper was first found in this City, in 1470. by Anthony and Michael Gallicion. This gave great encouragement to Printers: the first of which was Bernard Richel, who began to Print here in 1478. This City stands upon the Rhine,

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which runs through it: 6 Miles from Fribourg, 18 from Constance to the West, 12 from Zurich, 38 from Ausbourg, 14 from Strasbourg. Long. 29. 15. Lat. 47. 25.

Basilicata, is a small County on the East of Campania, in the Kingdom of Naples. Taken out of Campania by Alphonsus, King of Naples; 33 Miles in length, and 10 in breadth; and was antiently the Seat of the Picentini, a Colony of the Piceni, dwelling on the Adriatick Sea. It is bounded on the North by the Territory of Bari, and part of Otranto; on the East by the Gulph of Taranto; on the West by Principato, and on the South by Calabria. The chief City of this Province is Cirenza, which stands near the Foot of the Apennine; it is a barren and not well inhabited Country.

Basiligorod. See Vasiligorod.

Basingstoke, a Market-Town, and a great Thorough-fair in the County of Southampton. The chief of its Hundred. The Marquess of VVinchester, now Duke of Bolton, has a noble Seat hard by it.

Basques, or Païs de Basques, the French Biscaye, a Territory in the Province of Gascoigne, comprehending the lower Navarre, Soule and Labour. It was the Country of the antient Vascones or Bascones, that came out of Spain, and invaded it. Roger Hovedon calls them Basclos. It is certain, that they were a distinct People, and spoke a different Language from the Gascones, according to De Marca.

Basra, a Town in the Kingdom of Fez in Africa, near the River Lucus; 30 Miles distant from Sala towards the east, and not far from the Province of Asgar.

Bassento, Bussento, Acheron, a River of Calabria, in the Kingdom of Naples; it runs near Cosenza, the principal City of Calabria, near which it falls in the River Grati, which falls into the Bay of Taranto. In the Bed of this River, Alaricus king of the Goths was buried, as Jornandes writeth.

Bass, a small Island not far from Edenburg, famous for the great quantity of Geese, that frequent it at certain seasons. There is a Castle in it, standing upon a Rock that is Iriaccessable.

Basianello, a small Town in S. Peters Patrimony in Italy, towards the Confluence of the Ner a and the Tiber, which is here cover'd with a Stone-bridg. The Lake, antiently call'd Lacus Vadimonis, where P. Cornelius Dolabella, Consul, gain'd a Victory over the Thuscans and Gauls, in the year of Rome 471. lyes in the Neighbourhood of this place.

Bassano, a Town in the Marca Trevisana, in the States of Venice, upon the River Brenta.

La Bassee, a Town in Flanders, upon the Frontiers of Artois, and the River Deule: Yielded to the French by the Peace of Aix la Chapelle, in 1668.

Bassigni, a County in Champagne, towards the Sources of the Marne and the Meuse: Its capital Town is Chaumont.

Bastia, the chief Town in Corsica, with a good Fortress and Haven to it. The Genoiiese Governour ordinarily resides here.

Bastick, a small Town in Epirus, where they usually embark for Constantinople.

Bastillca, a Country in the Island of Corsica.

Le Bastion de France,, a City near Hippo, now Bonne, in Barbary in Africa; deserted by the French in 1658.

Bastoigne, Belsonacum, is a Town in the Dukedom of Luxembourgh, near the Forrest of Ardenne; 3 Leagues from Neuf-Chateau, and from Luxembourg. It is well so built and peopled, that those of the Country call it ordinarily Paris in Ardenne.

Basure, a River of the South America, falling into the River of Amazons: in the Country belonging to the Charibes, Indians.

Batavi. See Holland.

Batavia, a City in Java, an Island in the East-Indies, built by the Dutch in the Year 1619. It is very strongly Fortified, seated in a Fruitful Plain, and well Traded; so that it is now thought one of the principal Cities of that part of the World: It has a Castle with a good Garrison; and the General Governour of the Affairs of the Dutch East-India Company, for the most part resides here. This City stands 18 Leagues from Bantam to the East, and 60 from Materan to the West. The Kings of Bantam made War many years together against it, and in 1659. besieged it, but without any success; which however much hindred the Growth and Lustre of this City. There is also a River in the Terra Australis, to which the Dutch have given the same Name.

Batenbourg, a Town and Citadel in the Dutchy of Gelderland in the Low Countries, Two Leagues from Nimeguen. The cruel Duke D' Alva, Beheaded Two Brothers, Barons of this Place, in 1598. saying, The Jole of one Salmon was more valuable, than a number of little Fishes.

Bath, Aquae Solis, is a City of Somersetshire, situate upon the River Avon, which is mentioned both by the Greek and Latin Geographers. It is seated in a small low Plain, environ'd round about with Hills of almost an equal height, out of which many Springs continually fall into the Valley, to the great Benefit of the Inhabitants. Within this City are three Springs of Hot Water, of a blewish Colour, sending up from them some thin Vapors, and a strong Odour. These Springs are very Medicinal, and cure many Diseases. They say, Minerva, the Goddess of Baths and Fountains, had a Temple Consecrated to her in the Roman times, where the Abby stands now. Many Roman Inscriptions and Figures in Ingravery, appear upon the Wells about the Town. It was taken from the Britains by Cewalin, King of the West-Saxons, in 577. In the Reign of VVilliam Rufus it was sacked and burnt. John de Villula de Tours, Bishop of VVells, removed the Soe to this place, in the Reign of Henry I. but retain'd also the Title of VVells. The most Noble and Loyal John Greenvil, was created Earl of Bath, in the 19th. of Charles I. Aug. 13. 1643. His Father, Sir Bevil Greenvil, having been slain at Landsdown near this City, by the Rebels. It stands 15 Miles East of Bristol. Long. 20. 16. Lat. 51. d. 21. m.

Bathon, a Valley in Macedonia, where the Antients believed the Gyants Combated with the Gods. Pausanias says, they used to represent the manner of this Fight in some Sacrifices.

Baticala, a small City of the East-Indies, the Capital of a Kingdom of the same Name; the Prince whereof is a Tributary to the King of Bisnagar: tho it is very small, yet it has a capacious Haven. § There is another of the same Name in the Island Ceylan, which is the Capital of a Kingdom there; and lately fallen into the Hands of the Hollanders.

Baticano, a Promontory in Calabria, in the Maps sometimes call'd Vaticano.

Battel, a Town in Sussex. Remarkable in the English History for the Victory of William the Conquerour, here obtain'd, over King Harold, Octob. 14. 1066. In memory whereof, he built an Abbey of the Name, call'd Battel-Abbey. It is a Market-Town in Hastings Rape.

Batta, a Province of the Kingdom of Congo in Africa.

Batten, or Button, an Island in the Indian Ocean, to the West of the Island of Macassar.

Los Batuecos, a People in the Kingdom of Leon in Spain inhabiting the Mountains, betwixt Salamanca and Corica. They are believed to descend from the Goths.

Bavais, Bagacum, Bagacum Nerviorum, a very antient Town in Hainault in Flanders, about 4 Leagues from Valenciennes, and 6 from Mons. It was twice burnt in the last Age, and repair'd again. The Cerque, Aqueduct, and Inscriptions here, are sufficient marks of its Antiquity. It stands upon the little River Osneau.

Bavari, Boij, Bojares, the first of the antient Germans that passed the Alps, and fixed their Standards upon the Banks of Tiber. They carried their victorious Arms even into Greece, beyond the Hellespont. These were the antient Inhabitants of Bavaria. See Bavaria.

Baudisten, a Town in Lusatia, a Territory belonging to the Elector of Saxony; between Misnia and Bohemia, where the Governour resides.

Bauge, a small Town in Anjou in France, where Charles VIII. then Dolphin, obtain'd a signal Victory against the English, commanded by the Duke of Clarence, who was there slain in 1420. It stands 3 Leagues from La Fleche, upon the River Covesnon. Built by the old Earls of Anjou. § Another in the Province of Bresse in the same Kingdom, giving the Title of a Marquess, besides its Name to a Family, who have been the Sovereigns of Bresse above 400 years. In Latin Balgiacum, the other Balgium.

Baugenci, Balgentiacum, a Town upon the Loyre. In the Province of Orleans, betwixt Blois and Orleans. In 1152. a Council here Assembled, to take Cognisance of the degree of Parentage betwixt Lewis VII. King of France, and Eleanor his Wife, Dutchess of Guienne, Daughter to William X. the last Duke of Aquitain: (which said Degree of Parentage, rendred their Marriage nulland void from the beginning:) pronounced sentence of Divorce betwixt them; whereupon the said Princess remarried to Henry Duke of Normandy, afterwards Henry II. King of England; and in her Right, Aquitane fell to the Crown of England. In 1428. the English took Baugenci, under the Command of the Earl of Salisbury, but abandoned it to the French the the Year after. For some time it continued under particular Sovereigns, who bought and sold it till the Year 1543. by arrest of Parliament, it was united to the Demains of the Crown of France.

Baulme, a Town in the higher Burgundy or Franche Comte; 2 small Leagues from hence you see a natural deep and spacious Cave in the Earth, which furnishes the Country with continual Ice in the Summer, and in the Winter flows with Water.

Bauman, a vast Cave in the County of Regenstein in the lower Saxony, where they find numbers of Bones of divers Animals, and sometimes of Men as big as Gyants.

Bautrey, a Market Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire, in the Hundred of Strafford.

Bautzen, Budisinum, the principal Town of Lusatia in Germany, seated upon the River Sprew, 7 Leagues from Dresden East. This place being attacked by the Duke of Saxony in the Year 1634, Goltz the Governor for the Emperor, firing the Suburbs to give the Enemy a stop, the fire in the confusion seized the Town, and burnt it all down, many Persons perishing in the Flames. This place was thereupon left to the Elector of Saxony, who is still possessed of it, but before it was a Free and Imperial City.

Bayonue, Baiona, Boiatum, a very large, rich, strong City; seated upon the River Adour, about 2 Leagues from the Sea, in the Confines of the Kingdoms of France, and Spain; honored with a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Ausch; and has a large Haven on the Brittish Sea. It stands 6 Leagues from the Confines of Spain, 7 from Dax to the West, and 30 from Bourdeaux to the South. There was a famous Congress in this City between Charles IX. with Catharine de Medices his Mother, and Elisabeth Sister of Charles, Wife to Philip II. King of Spain: in which an Agreement was closely made between the two Crowns to ruin the Protestant Religion, both in France and the Low Countries; which was followed by Rivers of Human Blood, shed on that account: this was in the Year 1566 and mentioned by Thuanus and Grotius. § Also a Town in the Kingdom of Galicia in Spain, near the mouth of the River Minho, which falls into the Atlantick Ocean, betwixt it and Lima.

Baux, a Town in Provence in France, giving the Title of a Marquiss: it is situated upon a Rock, with a good Castle thereto, near Arles. There is an illustrious House of this Name in Provence, and it is uncertain whether that has denominated the Castle of Baux, or the Castle it.

Babaria, called by the Germans Beyeren, a Dukedom in Germany; the second Circle in the Empire; having its name from the Avares, a People of the Huns, who possessed this Country. It is also call'd Bojaria, from the Boii of France, who once dwelt here. And in the times of the Roman Empire, Noricum. Bounded on the North by Franconia, on the West by Schwaben, on the South by the Italian Alpes, and on the the East by Austria and Bohemia, Before the Treaty and Peace of Westphalia, it had lesser Bounds: but then it was not only raised in Honor, the Duke of Bavaria being made the VIII. Elector, but enlarged as to its Extent. This Country had Kings (after it was Conquered) from the Romans, to the times of Arnolphus the Emperour; and S. Lewis is said to have declared his Son Lewis King of Bavaria, in the Year 817. From those times to ours they have had Dukes; the first was Arnolphus, slain by the Normans, about the Year 891. The greatest part of this Country is Fruitful, and well cultivated, and has many noble and stately Cities, the principal of which is Munchen, (Monachium) seated on the Isar. The Family thereof gain'd the Upper Palatinate, by the Peace of Munster. He is of the Communion of the Church of Rome, and the far greatest part of his Subjects; by which and their new Grants and Dignities, they are very firmly united to the House of Austria: which the present Emperor has improved by Marrying his Daughter to the now Duke of Bavaria.

Baz, Ocite, a small Island on the West of Ireland, over against the Earldom of Desmond in the Province of Munster, North of the Bay of Dingle; call'd by the Irish Blasquo.

Baza, Basti, a City of the Kingdom of Granada in Spain. It was once a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Eluire, at which time it was well Fortified; but now it is little inhabited, and every day decays; it stands upon the Borders of the Kingdoms of New Castile, and Murcia, 6 Leagues from Guadix to the South-East, 15 from Granato, and Gaen, or Jaen to the North-East, and 16 from Almeria to the North; it is built at the Foot of an Hill, in a Valley call'd from it Hoya de Baya, by an inconsiderable Brook.

Bazadois, Vasata, a small Territory in the Lower Guienne in France, which has the River Garonne on the North and West, Agenois on the East, and Condomois on the South. It has its name from Bazas, the principal City of it, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Ausch; this City stands searce 3 Miles from the River Garonne towards the South, 7 from Bourdeaux to the North-East, 10 from Condomois,

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and 17 from Ausch. It is mentioned by the Antients under the name of Cossium Vasatum, Civitas Vasatica, and Vasatae Arehosae. And likewise the People of the Territory of Bazadois by the name of Vasates, who were the same perhaps with the Cocosates of Pliny and Cesar.

Bazaim, [Barace] a vast Tract of Land but very barren which lies between Egypt, and the Kingdom of Tunis in Africa; the same which was called Marmarica, as Bochart saith. § Also a Town in the Kingdom of Guzurate in the hither East-Indies: situated upon the Coast of the Gulph of Cambaia, 26 Leagues from Daman to the South. It has been in the hands of the Portuguese ever since the Year 1534. who have built a good Cittadel with several stately Churches in it, and made it a fine Town; therefore fuller of Gentry than Goa; insomuch that Fidalgos de Bazaim, a Gentleman of Bazaim, is become a Proverb with the Portuguese.

Bazano, a Mountain of Abruzzo, in the Kingdom of Naples in the Territory of Aquila; of which mention is made in the Life of S. Justin.

Bazas. See Bazadois.

Bazois, a District in France in the Dukedom of Nivernois.

Beaconsfield, a Market-Town in Buckinghamshire, in the Hundred of Burnham, on a small Hill.

Beareford, was a small Monastery built by the Danes in Greenland about 300 Years since, but now a long time ago deserted and ruined.

Bearne, a fruitful and well Watered Territory in the South of France, advanced to the Honor of a Principality. It lies at the foot of the Pyrenean Mountains, which part it from the Kingdom of Aragon towards the South; upon the East it has the County of Bigorre, and Armagnac le Noir; upon the North Gascogny, and upon the West the Kingdom of Navarr. This Country had heretofore Princes of its own, one of which by a Marriage with Elenora Queen of Navarr, united it to that Kingdom. Henry IV. brought it to the Crown of France, and by a Decree it was annexed for ever to that Kingdom in 1620.

Beaucaire, a small City in the Province of Languedoc in France; upon the River Rhosne, right over against Tarascon; 4 Leagues from Avignon towards the South, and 3 from Arles towards the North; most remarkable for its Fairs. It is called in Latin, Belloquadra. This Town was taken and retaken in the Civil Wars of France. It had a Castle in it built upon a Rock to the River side, which the last King commanded to be demolished.

Beauce or Beausse, Belsia, a Province of France, that heretofore was of very large extent, but is now much less, and the Bounds not well known. It lies between the Loyre on the South, and the Seyn to the North; the principal Towns in it are, Chartres, Chasteaudun, Montoir, Pluviers, Estampes, and Vendosme. This Province lying so near to Paris, a considerable part of it has been taken into the Isle of France. The Soil is dry, but very fruitful, and abounding in all things, especially Corn; so that it is called totius Galliae Horreum, the Store-house or Granary of all France.

Beauchamp, a place near Calais in Picardy. The Duke of Somerset is Baron of Beauchamp.

Beaufort, a Castle in the Dukedom of Anjou in France; which belonged heretofore to the House of Lancaster, and was much beloved by John of Gaunt; who caused all his Children that he had by Catharine Swinford to be called Beauforts, who were afterwards Dukes of Somerset and Exeter, and Earls of Dorset. The most noble Henry Somerset late Marquess of Worcester being descended from the antient Dukes of Somerset, was December 2. 1682. by Charles II. of most blessed Memory, created Duke of Beaufort This Castle lies about 3 Leagues East of Angiers, and 2 from the Loyre. And is now possessed by the House of Beaumanoir-Lavardin, with the inferiour Title of an Earl from the King of France. § There is another Beaufort in Champagne: this is a small Town, but honored above the other with the Title of a Dutchy by Henry le Grand, in the year 1597. which Title has been granted by Lewis XIII. to the House of Vendosme.

Beaujalois, a small Country contained in the Lyonnois a Province in France with the Title of a Barony. It takes its name from the Town Beaujeu. in Latin Bdujovium or Beltiecum, upon the River Ardiere; the same does the House of Beaujeu.

Beaumaris, a Town in the Island of Anglesey, with a Port to the River Menay. It is called in Latin Bellomariscus; and Elects one Burgess for the Parliament.

Beaumont in Argonne, a Town in the little Country of Argonne near the Mense in France. It suffered much in the Civil Wars of that Kingdom.

Beaumont sur Oyse, a Town upon the Oyse, at the foot of an Hill in the Isle of France, about 8 Leagues from Paris towards the North.

Beaumont le Roger, a Town in the Dukedom of Normandy in France, upon the River Rugle; Four Leagues from Eureux towards the West, and about 6 from Roan towards the South; so called from Roger one of its Counts, who built or at least enlarged it; it having the Honor to give that Title. § There is another Town called Beaumont also near the Sea Shoar, in the District belonging to Coutance; three Leagues West of Cherbourg.

Beaumont, a Town of Hainaut in the Netherlands, adorned with the Title of a Dukedom, to which belongs a Castle; it stands 7 Leagues from Mons to the South-East, and 4 from Chimay to the North, and about 2 from the Sambre.

Beaumont le Vicomte, a small City in the Dukedom of Maine, which has the Honor to be a Dukedom; it lies in the middle between Mayenne and Alenzon, upon the River Sarte: And having formerly been a Viscounty, for that reason retains this name.

Beaune, a Town in Burgundy famous for the excellent Wines it yields. In Latin, Belna; it stands upon the River Burgeoise, 4 Leagues from the Sone, betwixt Dijon Autun and Chalon. Lewis XII. built it a Castle: there is a great number of Churches and Monasteries in it, and particularly the Hospital is one of the finest Structures in the Kingdom.

Beaute, was heretofore a Royal Castle upon the Maine near the Wood of Vincennes, belonging to the Kings of France; and Honored with this name, because it deserved it. Charles V. King of France, died here in 1380. Some Ruins of it are yet to be seen.

Beauvais, Caesaromagus, a City of the Isle of France, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Rheims; the Bishop is one of the 12 Peers of France: it is well fortified, and the Capital of a Diocese of the same name; and stands upon the River Terrain, 16 Leagues from Paris towards the North, 18 from Abbeville, and 16 from Roan towards the East. In 1114. Conon Bishop of Palestine the Popes Legate held a Council here, which Excommunicated the Emperor Henry V. This Country of Beauvoisis was the Seat of the antient Bellovaci, so honourably mentioned by Julius Cesar.

Beauvois, Bilumnum, a Village in Savoy.

Bechir, Ligir, a River of Boetia, now called by the Turks, Seramulipa.

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Bechires, an antient People of Scythia, who came with Attila into Italy; and further we have no account of them, but that of their hard drinking of the Wine there.

Bechria, the Lower Aegypt.

Beckles, a Market-Town in Suffolk, in the Hundred of Wangford, upon the Banks of the River Waveney. The Grammar School here is endowed with 10 Schollarships for Emanuel College in Cambridge.

Becsangial, Bithynia, a Province of the Lesser Asia.

Bed, the Mountains of the Moon in Aethiopia.

Bedal, a Market-Town in the North Riding of Yorkshire, in the Hundred of Hang East, upon the River Swale and a small Stream there falling into it.

Bedalac, Lethes, a River of Andalusia, commonly called Guadalete; it falls into the Ocean at Cadis.

Bedford, Lactodurum, or Lactodorum, one of the most antient Towns in England, being mentioned by Antoninus. It stands on both sides of the River Ouse, which is here covered with a Stone Bridge. This Town is more to be commended for its pleasant Situation and Antiquity, than for the Beauty or Greatness of it, though it has 5 Churches. It is the Principal or County Town; so it sends 2 Burgesses to Parliament. In the Year 572. the Saxons under Cuthwolf defeated the Britains near this place. Afterwards it gave the Title of Duke to John of Lancaster, Son to Henry IV. and Brother to Henry V. who was the Regent of France under Henry VI. The same Title was continued to Jaspar of Hatfield Uncle to Henry VII. The Honorable William Russel and his Ancestors, have born the Title of Earls of Bedford, ever since the third Year of Edward VI.

Bedfordshire, is bounded on the East and South by Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire; on the Westby Buckinghamshire, and on the North by Northamtonshire and Huntingtonshire. The River Ouse divides it into 2 parts; the North parts of it are most fruitful, and better Wooded; the Southern parts tho leaner, yet are not altogether barren, but yield good Crops of Barley. Sir John Russel Comptroller of the Houshold to Henry VIII. was created a Baron in 1538. and Earl of Bedford by Edw. VI. in 1548 whose descendent William the fifth Earl of this Family, now enjoys it.

Bediford, a Market-Town in Devonshire, in the Hundred of Shebbear: the Earl of Bath has a Noble Seat here. It stands upon the River Towridge.

Bedovins, a wild People dwelling in the several quarters of the Desarts of Arabia in Tents, (whence heretofore they got the name of Scenitae) and not to be perswaded by any Invitations to settle in Towns. They divide themselves into Tribes and Families, and take their quarters accordingly under their respective Chiess: but their principal business is to rob the Caravans that go to Mecca, for which attempts they are provided with Horse and Arms.

Befort, a strong Town in Alsatia, in the Territory of Suntgow, 4 Leagues from Pfirt to the West, and about 7 from Basil to the West also. This was yielded to the French by the Treaty of Munster: heretofore the head of an Earldom.

Behemerland, the Kingdom of Bohemia.

Behemerwald, a part of the Hercynian Forest lying in Bohemia.

Behenhauseu, a Town of Schwaben, in the Dukedom of Wirtemberg.

Beja, a City of Portugal, antiently called Pax Julia; it lies in the Province of Entre-tejoe Guadiana, near the River Odiarca which falls into the Guadiana; well built, fortified, and has the Title of a Dukedom; it stands 2 Leagues from the Guadiana, towards the West; called Pacca by the Moors.

Bejar, a Village of the Kingdom of New Castile in Spain, upon the River Madera, in the Borders of the Kingdom of Murcia; searce 2 Leagues from Alcaraz to the East. This is most propably thought to be the Roman Bigerra.

Bejar de Melena, a ruined City of Andaluzia in Spain. Some take it to be the Mellaria of the Antients, which was the Birth-place of the excellent Geographer Pomponius Mela.

Beila, or Beia, a Town in the Kingdom of Tunis in Africa, thought to be the Bulla regia of the Antients. It has the happiness to stand in a Soil that is so exceeding fruitful, that the People say there, if they had two Beia's, there would be as many Grains of Corn in Africa, as Grains of Sand in the Sea.

Beilstein, Bilistinum, a small Town in the Province of Weteraw in Germany, bearing the Title of an Earldom. Its Situation is betwixt Marpurg, Nassau, and Coblentz.

Bein Elnabarim, the Persian Gulph.

Beira, a very large Province upon the Sea-Coast of Portugal, accounted 130 Miles long and 95 broad, and divided into 6 Counties, the chief City whereof is Coimbra. The same was the Seat of those antient People of Spain, called Transcedani, says Vasconcellos.

Belac, a Town in the Province of Marche in France, under the generality of Limoges, upon the little River Vincon, which receives here below the Seve and the Basile.

Belay, Belica, a City that heretofore belonged to the Duke of Savoy, but in 1601. was taken from him by Henry IV. It is the Head of the Territory of Baugey, and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Besancon; it stands upon a rising Ground near the River Rhosne, not above 12 Miles from Lyons towards the East, 10 from Grenoble to the North, and 12 from Geneva.

Beltingham, a Market-Town in Northumberland in Tindale Ward.

Belvais, and Belbes, Pelusium, was a City seated upon the most Eastern Branch of the Nile, towards Palestine. Though this City is intirely ruined, and another called Damiata or Damietta is sprung out of it, which I shall mention in its proper place; yet the State of the antient Town ought here to be described. This place in Scripture is called Sin; which (as the Greek name which it afterwards bore 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉) signifies Clay or Mire, because it was seated in a deep Miry Marsh upon the Nile. And it was for many Ages the Key of Egypt; that Country being of a very difficult Access on the side of Syria; accordingly when Cambyses invaded Egypt, Polyoenus in his 7th. Book de Stratag. tells us, that Cambyses vigorously attacked Pelusium, and the Egyptians as couragiously defended it, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Shutting up the Entrance of Egypt against him. Diodorus Siculus tells us, the Kings of Egypt fortified this place on the same account, with the utmost care and diligence; see M. Bochart in his Geographia Sacra. lib. 4. cap. 27. The Grecian Race of Kings were no less careful of the keeping this Place; and after the Romans had it they did not neglect it neither: Aelius Hadrianus, one of their Emperors, encompassed it with 3 Walls, and called it by his own name Aeliopolis. In the times of Christianity it was the Seat of an Archbishop under the Patriarch of Alexandria. But when the Arabians and Saracens prevailed, they, as their Custom is, intirely ruined this antient and most Noble City; and built another on the opposite Shoar of the Nile, which they called Damiata. Pelusium stands 150 Miles from Alexandria to the East, and 120 from Memphis or Grand Cairo, to the North-East, and not far from the Mediterranean Sea: in Long. 63. 20. and Lat. 32. 20.

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Beleguanza, This has passed with divers for a Province of Abyssinia; but Ludolfus informs us, there are 2 Kingdoms in Abyssinia, called Bali and Ganz; and • hat Baleguanza, instead of a Province, is but a Composition of their 2 Names.

Belenas, a City of Palestine, called Dan in Antient times,

Beles, Subi, a small River of Catalonia, which falls into the Mediterranean Sea between Barcelona and Tarragona, at the Town of Siges.

Belesine, a Town in the Upper Perche in France, where the States of the Province ordinarily assemble. It is honored with a Castle.

Belesta, a Fountain in the County of Foix in Aquttain in France; which is particular for havinga flux and reflux, increasing and decreasing continually every Hour, from the end of July to the beginning of December.

Belforte, there are 3 places thus called; one in Narbone in France, the Seat of the old Vocontii, upon the Durance; another in Istria, and a third in Calabria Ʋlterior.

Belgart, a Town in the Dukedom of Pomerania in the Territory of Cassuben; which lies between the Baltick Sea, and Prusia upon the River Persante; 2 Miles from the Baltick Sea, and 3 from Colberg.

Belgan, a vast Mountain in Tartary, called Imaus by the Latin Geographers; which runs very near the whole length of Asia, from North to South. See Imaus.

Belgae, a Warlike and Hardy People of the antient Gallia Belgica, mentioned with Honor by Jul. Caesar. For their Boundaries, See Gallia. The name now of Belgae and Belgium, all know, is given to the Low Countries.

Belgiojosa, a Village and Castle in the Dukedom of Milan, within 5 Miles of Pavia near the Po, belonging to the Counts of Barbiano.

Fort Belgique, Arx Belgica, the name that the Hollanders have given to one of their Forts in the Island of Nera belonging to Banda, amongst the Moluccaes.

Belgrade, Alba Graeca, called by the Germans, Griechisch Weissemburg, by the Italians Belgrado, is a great and strong City belonging to the Kingdom of Hungary, seated upon the South side of the Save, where it falls into the Danube, in the Province of Rascia; this was a long time the Bulwark of Christendom against the Turks, who lost several Armies before it. Amurath II. lost here a Victorious Army in 1439. and when Mahomet II. his Son besieged this City a second time, An. 1456. with an Army of 250000 Men, the brave Huniades preserved it, and ruined that vast Army by a Stratagem; for he suffered a Party of the Turks to enter the Town, and whilst they were Plundering the Houses, made a Sally upon those without, took their Cannon and turned them upon themselves; in the Confusion destroying 40000 of them, and possessed himself of their Cannon, Camp, Baggage and Amunition; so that the Turks were forced to an inglorious Flight. Johannes Huniades died the same year of the Plague. But in 1521. Solyman the Magnificent took it after a Siege of two Months, Lewis then King of Hungary a Child of 15 Years of Age not regarding it, and all the other Christian Princes being engaged in mutual and destructive Wars. The Imperialists won it again Sept. 6. 1688. by Storm: about 600 Christian Slaves were happily released on the occasion; who being most of them chained together and placed before a Party of Turks to screen them from the Fury of the Soldiers, obtained Quarter for themselves and their Enemies. But the Turks possessed themselves again of it, Oct. 8. 1690. a chance Bomb communicating a Fire from one Magazine to another with so much fury, that a great number of the Garrison were blown up with the Walls and Ramparts, the Ditch filled and so large a passage made for the Enemy, that they entred by entire Squadrons, and cut to peices all they met. This City belongs properly to Servia; the Despot of which Consigned it over to Sigismund King of Hungary, for Lands of a better value; distant from Vienna 102 German Miles, 26 days Journey from Constantinople. Leo X. made it a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Antivari in Dalmatia. Long. 47. 00. Lat. 46. 50.

Beligrard, Hermonassa, a small Town or City of Bessarabia, towards the Mouth of the River Moncastro, by the Moldavians called Bialogrod, and by the Turks Beligrard. See Bialogrod.

Bella more. The White Sea.

Bellac, a small City in the County of La Marche in France, upon the River Ʋnicou, 2 Leagues from Dorat to the South and seven from Limoges to the North.

Belle, or Bailleul, a Town in Flanders, three Leagues from Ipre.

Bellegarde, a small City in the Dukedom of Burgundy, upon the River Saone, [Arar]. This City was once very well fortified; it stands 5 Leagues from Challon to the North, and not far from the Borders of the Dukedom. In 1620. itself was advanced to the Title of a Dukedom. § Likewise the name of a strong place in the County of Rousillon upon the Frontiers of Catalonia, betwixt Ceret and Jonquera. The Spaniards made themselves Masters of it in 1674. and after they had fortified it were obliged to surrender it to the French again, when they attacked it under the Comand of the late famous Mareschal Schomberg.

Belle-Ifle, Calonesus, an Island upon the Southern Coast of Britany in France, not far from the Port of Brest; 6 Leagues in Length and 2 in Breadth, called by the Dutch Boelin. It is furnished with a good Road and Castles to secure it, and carries the honor to be advanced to a Marquisate. § Likewise an Island belonging to China in the Eastern Ocean, having the Province of Fuquien to the West, and the Philippins to the South. In Latin stiled Formosa. The Hollanders did their utmost endeavors to settle in it, but were expelled thence by the Chinese. Its chief Towns are Toyoan, Gillira, Wankan, &c.

Belle-Perche, a Town in the Dukedom of Bourbonne in France upon the River Allier.

Belluna, a City of the Marquisate of Trevigiana, which is the cheif, and gives name to a small Territory, under the Dominion of the Commonwealth of Venice. It is little but fair, and a Bishops See, under the Patriarch of Aquileja. And stands upon the River Piave, which falls into the Gulph of Venice, 13 Leagues from Venice to the South-East; the City of Belluno lies 15 Leagues from Feltria to the South-East.

Belvoir Castle, a noble Seat of the Earl of Rutland's in Lincolnshire, in the Hundred of Grantham, yielding a most delightful and spacious Prospect. The Astroites, a Stone irradiated with Beams like a Star, thought heretofore to be an infallible signal of Victoctory to him that wore one, is found about this Place.

Belz, a City of Black Russia in the Kingdom of Poland, 5 Leagues from the River Bug, between Lembourg and Zamosky. This City is small, and built all of Wood, but yet it is a Palatinate, and possessed at present by a Person of great Worth.

Beltz, or Belts, the Name of the Baltick Sea, taken from two very narrow Streights thereof so call'd, the one betwixt the Islands of Funen and Zeland, the other betwixt Funen and the Terra firma

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of Jutland; which are rarely ever passed by Vessels of great Burthen, because the Sound is both a deeper Water and larger than they. The March of Charles Gustavus King of Sweden with his Army over this Passage upon the Ice, was certainly one of the most adventurous and memorable Actions of the War the last Age, neither is there an Example like it to be found in any other.

Belvedore, a Province in the Morea, heretofore call'd Elis, the Capital Place is so call'd also; it lies in the Western Part over against Zant. In ancient time, Pausanias saith, the Silks of this Country were finer, and more esteem'd than those of Judea. It is a pleasant Country, and has its Name from its beautiful Prospect. § There is another place near Syracuse in Cicily, of the same name, which was called by the Ancients Euryalus. As is also a part of the Popes Palace at Rome.

Belus, a river of Phaenicia in Syria. It begins its course at the Lake of Cendavia near Acra; and passes a valley, where the Sands that it amasses together in vast Quantities, says Pliny, it changes into Glass: yet this is the least of those Wonders, which that credulous noble Author reports of it.

Bemarin, a Province in Florida, under the command of the King of the Apalechites, Indians, at the foot of the Mountains; where stands its Capital Town Melitot.

Bemyster, A Market Town in Dorsetshire, and the chief of its Hundred.

Bena, a Kingdom in the Southern part of Guinea in Africa, with a small City of that Name, seated on the South side of the River Forcados, about 20 Leagues from the Ocean; in Lat. 8. d. Long. 31. 50. The People of it are call'd Sousos.

Benacus, The antient Name of one of the greatest Lakes in Italy, otherwise now call'd Lac de la garde. It extends it self in Length from East to West 30 Miles; in Breadth, about 10. in the Territory of Verona, within the States of Venice. There was anciently a Town Benacus in these Quarters which gave name to it. It discharges it self into the Lake of Mantua by the River Menzo, and thence into the Po.

Benanarim, a Province in Mauritania Tingitana.

Benares, A famous City of Indostan (or the Empire of the great Mogul) upon the Ganges, in a very good Country. It is the Ʋniversity of the Indies; the general School for Philosophy, Physick, Astrology, and Pagan Divinity, that serves all the Gentry and all the ingenious of these Parts. Here the Bramans and the Pendets, that is, the great Doctors of Paganisme, are attended, not as in Europe indeed in Colleges, but in their Houses and Gardens, with multitudes of Scholars that study with them many years. They learn first the Divine Language, call'd Hanscrit in which they say the holy Books of the Law were written that God gave to Brama their Prophet. Of this Language we have an Alphabet in Kircher. It is quite different from the ordinary Indian, and much more ancient; so that none understand it but their learned Men. Next, they read an Abridgment, they call Purane, of the Books of their Law; and so pass to Philosophy. In Philosophy, though they know nothing of the Learning of Greece, they argue much to the same effect with Plato, Aristotle, Democritus and Epicurus; and are divided in a manner into the same Sects as they, only with more Confusion of Thought, with Fables. Astrology they are mightily inclin'd to, had they but somemore lights into that Science. Their Physick is for the most part Receipts: But for Anatomy, they are in no Condition to know it, because they will not presume to cut up the body either of man or Beast. Some years since the Doctors of this place held a famous Cabal, which made the more noise upon the account that they gain'd the Son of the Great Mogul to their Opinion. It seems they were fallen upon the Doctrine of an Anima mundi, An universal Soul and Spirit diffused throughout the World, of which the Souls of Men and Animals are as so many Portions. And this is also the prevailing Opinion of the Sophies of Persia.

Benavari, a Town of Aragon in Spain, to which belongs a Castle. It is seated in the Confines of Catalonia, 6 Leagues distant from Balbastro to the East; this place is the Capital of the County of Ribagorza; a small ill Peopled place between the Rivers of Cinea and Segre.

Benavente, a Town in the Kingdom of Portugal, in the Province of Estremadura, 1 League from the Tage or Tajo, 4 from Scalabi, and 9 from Lisbon, supposed to be the antient Aritium. § There is another Town of the same name in the Kingdom of Leon, upon the River Esta, which washeth the Walls of Leon; It lies in a Plain, and has a Castle, and is the Capital of the County of Pimentel, 7 Leagues from Sentica to the North, about 12 from Leon to the South, and 15 from Palantia to the West: perhaps this is the old Vallata. Ferdinand II. King of Leon, died in this Town in the Year 1118.

Benda, a City of Albania in Macedonia, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Durazzo, [Durrachium] It now lies in Ruins, under the slavery of the Turks, and the Bishop resides at Mamoli; yet from this place the adjacent Country is call'd Benda, under which Title is included also Sermenica, a small District towards Croia, as I have heard (saith M. Baudrand) from the Archbishop of Durazzo.

Bendarmasin, a City and Kingdom in the Southern part of the Island of Borneo in the East-Indies, about 3 Degrees from the Line on the West.

Bene, a small Town in Piedmont, sometime bearing the Title of an Earldom. The Spaniards besieg'd it in 1553. unsuccesfully: its Fortifications have been ruined since.

Benevento, Beneventum, a City of the Principatus Ʋlterior in the Kingdom of Naples, which is an Archbishops See, belonging to the Pope, upon the River Sabato, where it takes in the River Tamora: built by Diomedes, together with Arpi, a City of Apulia, and called the Colony of Concordia by Frontinus. It lies 28 Miles from Capua to the East, and 32 from Naples to the North-East. This was the Country of those two antient Grammarians, the Orbilii. Victor III. and Gregorius VIII. Popes were born here. Not far from it Manfred King of Sicily was slain in the Year 1266. by Charles Duke of Anjou. This City was granted to Leo IX. by Henry IV. in exchange for Bamberg in the Year 1053. when he came into Italy to be Crowned. It was one of the 18 Colonies which continued faithful to the Romans against Hannibal: ruined afterwards by Totila, and rebuilt by the Lombards who made it a Dukedom. The Saracens became after this Masters of it; from whom Lewis II. Emperor, took it in the Year 866, and granted it to Aldegisus in the 871. Now annexed to the Papacy. A dreadful Earthquake which happened in June 1688. did almost totally ruin it; scarce 600 of the Inhabitants out of as many thousand and upward being left alive; amongst whom Cardinal Ʋrsini their Archbishop was taken out of the Ruins of his own Palace. The Dukedom of Benevento was once a considerable part of the South of Italy, in the times of the Lombards, and Charles the Great: instituted by Autharius

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King of the Lombards, and ended in the Year 851. when the Saracens conquered it. In 866. it was reconquered by the Germans: in 1053. it was granted to the Pope, but much restrained as to its Bounds: yet then it took in the greatest part of the Principatus Ʋlterior. Since which the Spaniards have restrained it; so that it extends not above 3 or 4 Miles from the Walls of the City.

Benfeild, once a Wall'd Town, or City of Alsatia▪ but dismantled by the Treaty of Munster; under the Dominion of the Bishop of Strasburg; from which it lies about 3 German Miles towards the South upon the River Ill, about 2 Miles from Rhinaw towards the North-West.

Bengale, a Kingdom in the East Indies, on the River Ganges, under the Dominion of the great Mogul for many past Ages, but which had before Kings of its own. It is a very fruitful Country, and extends 220 Leagues from East to West, and 120 from North to South. Bounded on the East by India extra Gangem, on the South by the Bay of Bengale, on the West and North by the Territories of the Mogul. The City of Bengale lies in the bottom of the Bay, in the most North-Eastern Angle of it, upon the River Cosmite. It is great, and drives a vast Trade with the European Nations, as generally Authors say that have written of Bengala; yet some modern Accounts will tell us, there is no Town or City of this Name there.

Benges, a River which riseth in the Lower Austria, and entring the Lower Hungary, falls into the River Rab.

Benguola, a Country of the Lower Aethiopia, and a Town there with a good Port to the Sea of Congo, which the Hollanders have been Masters of for some time. This Country lies in the Kingdom of Angola.

Benibessera, a large Country in Libya in Africa, upon the Borders of the Kingdom of Tremissen.

Beni-Gebara, a Mountain in the Province of Cuzt in the Kingdom of Fez in Africa: so well inhabited that it is able to produce 7000 fighting Men; and so fruitful, that they may endure a Siege of 10 Years without the fear of a Famine. The Avenues of it are very difficult. Thence the Inhabitants preserve their Liberty inviolate, paying a Tribute to the King of Fez.

Beni-Guazeval, a Mountain containing above 120 Villages, together with a good large Town, in the Kingdom of Fez in Africa, in the Province of Errif: yet at the very top, opens and casts forth Flames of Sulphur.

Benin, a Kingdom of Guiney in Africa with a Town of the name upon the River Behin. It is the best Town belonging to the Negroes. The said River discharges it self soon after into the Gulph of S. Thomas.

Ben-Oriegan, a Mountain in the Province of Errif, in the Kingdom of Fez in Africa, towards the Coast of the Mediterranean: 3 Leagues in length, in breadth about half that: curiously enriched with Vines, Olives, and the odoriferous Cedars.

Beni-Suaid, a Town upon the Banks of Nile in Aegypt, 2 Leagues from Cairo. It stands in a large Plain, which abounds with Line and Hemp.

Beni-Tendi, a ruined Town in the Province of Habat, in the Kingdom of Fez, upon the River Erguile. The Rests of stately Edifices, •ombs, and Fountains do incur here the Eye of the Spectator.

Beni-Usa, or Bervira, a fruitful and well Inhabited Mountain in the Province of Errif in the Kingdom of Fez, near the Mountain of Gualida. The Inhabitants of these 2 Mountains are almost continually at War.

Beni-Yasga, a Mountain in the Province of Cuzt in Africa, in the Kingdom of Fez, inhabited by a Rich and Martial People. There is an abundance of Vines, and Olives, and Cattle, and Corn upon it. The River Cebu or Suba glides near it.

Benthem, a Town and Castle of Westphalia, which stands upon the River Vidrus, near Oldenzael, and is the Head of a small County in the West part of Westphalia; called in the German Tongue das Grathrtchaft von Benthem: lies between the Bishoprick of Munster to the East, Over-Yssel and the Territory of Tuvent to the West; and upon the North and South it is inclosed by the River Vechta. The Castle or Town of Benthem lies 2 Miles from Oldenzael, a Town in the South-East Angle of the Province of Over-Yssel; ten from Deventer to the East.

Bentivolio, Pons Poledranus, a Castle in the Dominions of the Church, in the Territory of Bononia; from which City it lies 10 Miles towards the North, in the Road to Ferrara; heretofore a Noble Pile, but now half ruined: this gave name to the Family of the Bentivolio's, who for many Years Principatum Bononiae tenuere, were Princes of Bononia. And of later times this Family has afforded some excellent Persons.

Bera, a City of the Kingdom of Granada, commonly called Vera.

Beraun, a small Town in Bohemia upon the River Mies: 3 German Miles from Prague towards the West: called by the Germans Bern, in Latin Berauna and Verona.

Berbero, Arbis, a River of Persia, in the Province of Send, [Sinda] which borders East upon India propria, and West upon Macran.

Berckel, Velicer, the same with the River Aa, in Westphalia.

Berdoa, a desart Country in Zaara in Africa, betwixt the Kingdom of Gaoga and the Country of Lempta. There is a Town in it of the same name. Sands, Scorpions and Monsters are almost the only things to be seen here.

Bere Regis, a Market-Town in Dorsetshire. The chief of its Hundred.

Bereberes, an antient People of Barbary in Africa, divided into 5 Tribes called the Mazamudins, Zenetes, Haoares, Zinhagiens and Gomeres; from which the Grandees of Africk derive their Original. They came hither out of Arabia Foelix under Melech-Ifiriqui King of the said Arabia, and in time made themselves Masters of a great part of Africk; often Usurping upon each other for the Government, till they were all Conquered by the Turks.

Berecynthus, a Mountain of Phrygia in Asia Minor, famous heretofore for the Worship of the Goddess Cybele, who thence is styled Berecynthia.

Berenice. See Bernish.

Berg, or Berghen, the Dutch and German names for Mons, a City of Hainault. § Also a Province of Westphalia in Germany, lying along the Rhine, betwixt the County of Mark and the Bishoprick of Cologne, called the Dutchy of Berg, and in Latin Bergensis Regio. Dusseldorp is its Capital Town.

Bergamo, Bergomum, a City of Italy, belonging to the Venetians, which was once a part of the Dukedom of Milan: a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Milan; built with others by the Orobii; call'd by Paulus Diaconus, Pergamum; and by the Writers of the middle Ages Bergamum. This City is placed on the side of a Mountain, the Foot of which is covered by large Suburbs: it is great and Populous, and lies between the River Brembo, (which 8 Miles further falls into the Adda) and the Serio, which falls also in the Adda. It has a Castle called Capella, and it lies 30 Miles from Brixia, towards Milan to the

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West, and the same distance from Como to the East; from hence the Family of the Bergoma's take their name. The same is the Capital of the Country adjacent, called Bergamasco.

Bergen, Bergos, or Berga, a City of Norway on the Northern Ocean, call'd by the Natives Baern, by the Germans Berghen. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Drontheim: a celebrated Mart, has a large and safe Harbour, surrounded almost on all sides with high Mountains, and lies in a winding Bay, call'd Jelta fiored, 12 Miles from the Ocean: it has a strong Castle call'd Bergen-Hus, and lies in the small Territory of Nord Horland, which is Subject to the King of Denmark, as King of Norway; 23 from Linde Noes, or the most Southern Point of Norway, and 80 from the nearest Coast of Scotland; at this day without dispute, the best and richest City of all Norway. But made more famous by the Valour of the English, who in 1665. entred this Port, and fell upon the Dutch East-India Fleet, to their great damage; and had certainly destroyed them all, if contrary Winds had not given them time to draw their Canon ashoar to their defence.

Bergen op Zoom, call'd by the French, Bergue sur le Zoom, is a small, but strong City in the Dukedom of Brabant, upon the River Schelde. Erected into a Dukedom in 1533. and revolting with the Ʋnited Provinces, was attempted without success, by the Marques• Spinola, in 1622. So that it still belongs to the Hollanders. It stands 7 Leagues from Antwerp towards the North, and 5 from Breda to the South-West.

Bergen, the chief Town of the Island of Rugen on the Coast of Pomerania in the Baltick Sea, which has belonged to the Swedes every since 1630.

Bergerac, a City of Perigord, upon the River Dordogne; 5 Miles from Pergueux to the South, and about 9 from Sarlat; a rich and fine City. The English had it heretofore in their possession. They Fortified it, and afterwards lost it, about the Year 1371. It revoked upon the score of Religion in 1562. and was often taken and retaken. In 1621. it submitted itself to Lewis XIII.

Bergue S. Uinoth, a small City in Flanders, taken by the French in the year 1658. and yielded to them by the Pyrenaean Treaty, in 1659. Dignified with the Title of a Viscounty, as likewise of a Chatelany, with divers Villages under its Jurisdiction. It has various Names, and is sometimes call'd Groenemberg, or (Green-wich;) it lies 12 German miles East of Gravelinge, and about one League and a half from Dunkirk. Al. VVinocksberg.

Berkeley, a Market-Town in Gloucestershire; The chief of its Hundred, upon the Banks of the Severn: where stands the Seat of the noble and antient Family of the Earls of Berkeley.

Berkhamsted, a Market-Town in Hartfordshire, in the Hundred of Dacor. S. Brithwald, Archbishop of Canterbury, held a Council here in 698. In Latin Bergamstedum.

Beikshire, Bercheria, is separated on the North by the River Isis from Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire; on the South by the River Kenet from Hantshire; on the West it Bordereth upon Wiltshire, and on the East upon Surry; generally fertil and rich, but especially the Vale of VVhite Horse. The Right Honorable Thomas Howard was created the first Earl of Berkshire, by Charles I. in 1625. He was second Coronation Earl, as well as second Son to Thomas Earl of Suffolk, in which Family it still is; the present Earl being the fourth in the Succession.

Berlin, Berolinum, or Berlinum, is one of the Noblest Cities in Germany. It belongs to the Upper Saxony, and stands in the middle Marquisate of Brandenburgh, upon the River Sprew, which a little further to the North falls into the Hamel. This City stands in a Marsh, very strongly Fortified, being the capital of that Marquisate, and the Residence of the Marquisses of Brandenburgh; divided by the River Sprew into two parts; that on the East side is call'd Berlin; that on the West Coln, or the Colony. 17 German Miles from Magdeburg to the South East, and 11 from Frankfort. Built by Albertus Ʋnsus, Prince of Anhalt, In 1142.

Bermudas, or the Summer Islands, are a knot of Islands on the Coast of Florida (supposed to be 400 in number) 1600 Leagues from England, 1000 from Madera, 400 from Hispaniola, and 300 from Carolina, which is the nearest Continent. Accidentally discovered by John Bermudaz a Spaniard, about 1522. Sir George Summers an English Man, being in 1609. sent by the Lord de la Ware to Virginia, stumbled again upon them, and suffered Shipwrack here; who was so taken with their verdure, plenty and delightfulness, that he neglected his return for England; and with the Assistance of Sir Thomas Gates setled a a Plantation here in 1612. and in 1616. Capt. Tucker was sent after the first Adventurers with 500 Men who established themselves so well, and fortified the Accesses so, that it is now thought impregnable. It is one of the most healthful places in the World; none dying here of almost any other Distemper but old Age: fruitful to a wonder, abounding in all things needful for the Life of Man but fresh Water, which is gotten with some difficulty from their Wells and Cisterns, for they have neither Springs nor Rivers. This Colony filled so fast, that in 1623. there were said to be 3000 English Inhabitants: called Bermudas from the Spanish, and Summer Islands from the English Discoverer.

Bermet, a City of the hither East-Indies, supposed by Castaldus, to be the Barbari of Arrian.

Bern, Berna, a great and well built City of Switzerland, which has its name from a Bear, and carries a Bear for its Arms. Built by Bertoldus Duke of Zeringhen in 1191. upon the River Aar, which falls into the Rhine at Waldhust, a Town of Schwaben: and adorned with a Library and an Arsenat that deserve to be remembred. It is the cheif City of the Canton of Bern, which is one of the largest Cantons, and was added to the rest in 1353. To look a little back into the antient History of this City: it obtained the right of an Incorporated City from the Emperors Henry IV. and Philip II. Confirmed by Frederick II. it continued under the Empire till 1228. and then put themselves under the Protection of the Duke of Savoy. In 1241. it had an unfortunate War with Gothofredus Duke of Habspurg, whereupon in 1243. they made a League with Freiburg, as also for ten Years with Wallisserlandt, in 1251. In 1287. this City was besieged by Rodolphus of Habspurg. They suffered much also from Albertus, who had a set Battle with them near their Walls in 1291. wherein they lost many Men, but had better Success against the Earl of Savoy the same year. In 1346. they renewed their League with Freiburg, after which followed the Perpetual League in 1353. whereby it obtained the second place amongst the Cantons. In 1528. it imbraced the Reformation, and thereupon passed a Law against mercenary Service in foreign Wars. It stands about 13 Miles from Bazil to the South, 4 from Freiburg to the North, and about 20 from Geneva to the North-East. This Canton is so well replenished with Gentry, handsom Towns, good Castles and Villages, that you may compare it almost to one continued City: and as for the Civil Government of it, it is managed by two Councils of Senators

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under a Chief, whom they call in French an Avoyer, in German Schaltesch; which last is an old Word in the Laws of the Lombards. See Doctor Burnett's Letters.

Bernards Castle, a Market-Town in Durham, in Darlington Wapentake, upon the River Tees; which takes its name from a Family that first came into England with the Saxons.

Bernbourg, a small City in Germany, in the Upper Saxony, in the Principality of Anhalt, upon the River Saaldar, [Sala] 4 German Miles from Magdebourg towards the South, and as many from Dessaw to the West. It is dignified with the Title of an Earldom and the Seat of a Castle.

Bernich, Berenice, a City of Africa upon the Mediterranean Sea, mentioned by Ptolemy and Pliny, but called Hesperia by Mela; one of the 5 Cities in Pentapolis; between the Promontory Boreum, (now il Capo di Teiones) upon the greater Syrtis, and the City of Arsinoe to the East. It had its antient name from Berenice the Queen of Ptolemy, the third King of Egypt, as Solinus saith.

Bernstadt, Bernardi Ʋrbs, a Town in Silesia in the Dutchy of Olss in Germany upon the River Veid or Veida: 3 or 4 Leagues from Breslaw.

Beroa, Berrhaea, believed to be the modern Aleppo, was a famous City amongst the Antients, reedified by Seleucus Nicanor, and sometime an Archbishops See under the Patriarch of Antioch. See Aleppo. § Also an antient Town in Macedonia, near the River Lydius.

Berry, Bituricensis Provincia, Bituriges, a Dukedom in France, bounded on the North by Sologne, on the East by Nivernois and Bourbone, on the West by Poictou, and part of Tourein; and on the South by Limosin. The Principal City of this Province is Bourges; divided into 2 parts by the River Chur: a rich, fruitful and populous Province. The antient Inhabitants are famous in History for the 2 Colonies of Gauls they transmitted into Germany and Italy under the Command of Segovesus and Bellovesus, both Nephews to Ambigatus King of Gallia Celtiqua, in the time of Tarquinius V. King of Rome: for from the Conquests by them made, proceeds the Division of Gallia Transalpina and Cisalpina. See Gallia.

Bersheba, or Beerseba, an antient City of Palestine, by the way of Gaza, to which Abraham and Abimelech gave this name, because of the Covenant they there mutually ratified by Oath with each other Gen. 21. 31. It fell afterwards by Lot to the Tribe of Simeon, Josh. 19. 2. and committed Idolatry with the Apostate Tribes, as we collect from Amos 5. 5. and S. Jerom. in loc. Some take it to be the same now with Gibel.

Bertinoro, Bretinorium, Petra Honorii, a City in the Province of Romagna in Italy, with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Ravenna hither removed from Forlimpopoli. Its Situation is upon a little Hill in the Borders of Tuscany near the River Renco.

S. Bertrand de Cominges, Convenae, seu Lugdunum Convenarum, a City of France, at the foot of the Pyrenean Mountains; upon the River Garonne, in the Earldom de Cominge; which was destroyed by the Franks under King Guntchramnus, in 584 but rebuilt by S. Bertrand, in 1100. and from him in after times it had its present name. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Auch; 25 Leagues from Thoulouse to the South, and 55 from Bourdeaux to the South-West.

Berwald, a Town beyond the River Oder in the New March, in the Marquisate of Brandenburgh; remarkable for the Treaty celebrated here in 1631. betwixt the Crowns of France and Sweden, and the Princes of Germany.

Berwick, Burcovicum, Bervicium, Teusis, a Town in Northumberland, situated upon the North side of the River Twede; the most Northern Town in the Kingdom of England, and (saith Camden) the strongest hold in all Britain. It stands upon a Promontory, so that it is almost totally incompass'd with the Sea and River. Delivered up to Henry II. by William King of Scotland, as a Pledge for his Ransom, being then a Prisoner in England: restor'd again by King John upon repayment of the Mony. Edward I. in 1297. retook it. After this it was won and lost divers times; till in the Reign of Edward IV. Sir Thomas Stanley made a final reducement of it to the Crown of England. The English Princes have fortified it, but especially Queen Elizabeth, who Walled it anew within the old Wall, and added Out-works after the later Modes, by which it was made incredibly strong. Henry II. built the Castle, and other of our Princes the outward Wall; so that all its Works are owing to the English. After a long Peace, in 1639. this Town saw the English and Scotch Encamped under her Walls again in opposition, till a Peace was concluded there Jane 17. However I find before the end of the War they were possessed of it, and quitted it, Feb. 17. 1646. March 12. 1686. King James II, created Mr. James Fitz-James his Natural Son, Duke of Berwick. Ehis Town lies in Long. 21. d. 43. m. Lat. 55. 48. and sends 2 Burgesses to the English Parliament.

Berytis, or Barut, an antient City of Phaenicia in Asia upon the Mediterranean Sea, and sometime an Archbishoprick under the Patriarch of Antioch. For in the 16th. Session of the great Council of Chalcedon we find the Bishop of Berytis taking the Title of a Metropolitan. In the year 1110. Baldwin I. King of Jerusalem, redeemed this City out of the hands of the Saracens, and settled particular Governors over it, till it became united with the Crown of Jerusalem, in whose ruin it received its own; and all the subsistance it now enjoys depends upon an inconsiderable little Commerce. Ibas Bishop of Edessa, was accused in a Council here in 448. of Arrianisme, and of treating S. Cyril as an Heretick; but acquitted.

Besagno, Feritor, a small River which riseth out of the Apennine Hills, and falls by the Walls of Genoua into the Mediterranean Sea:

Besanzon, Bisontio, Vesintio, a City of Burgundy in France, which is an Archbishops See, upon the River Doux, [Dubis;] an University, and has a Castle built of later times. Taken by the Spaniard in 1654 retaken by the French in 1668. and in 1674. and finally left to them by the Treaty of Nimeguen in 1678. Once an Imperial free City, made so by Henry I. in 1651. exempted from the Empire, and granted to the Spaniards. The Court of Parliament for the Dutchy of Burgundy sits here: it stands 15 Leagues from Montbelliard to the North-West, 20 from Dijon to the North-East. Joannes Chifletius wrote a particular Description and History of this City. The old Roman names of Campus Martius, Vicus Veneris, Vicus Castoris, Mons Jovis and the like, to several quarters within and without it continue to this day in French, as le Champ Mars, Rue de Venie, Rue de Chasteur, Mont Jouot &c. Abundance of Urns, Medals, Inscriptions, Vessels and Instruments of Sacrifice, are daily found here. The Ruins of the Triumphal Arch erected for the Emperor Aurelian in 274 are yet to be seen; which are undeniable marks of its being Antient, as now notwithstanding all former Misfortunes, it is also a flourishing Place.

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Besbre, Besbria, a small River in the Dukedom of Bourbone, which washeth the principal City, and then falls into the Loire.

Besecath, one of the Names of Africa.

Beses, Besos, Baetulo, a small River of Catalonia in Spain, which falls into the Mediterranean Sea, between Badelona and Barcelona. There stands a small Town call'd Beson by it, once Betulo from it.

Besiers, Bliterae, Buterae, a City of Languedoc in France upon the River Orbe, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Narbone; a fine and well built place, not above 2 Leagues from the Mediterranean Sea to the North, 11 from Mompellier to the West, and 3 from Pezenas.

Bessarabia, is a small Territory between Podolia to the North, Moldavia to the West, the Danube to the South, and the Black Sea to the East. Formerly a part of Moldavia, but in 1485. Bajazet II. Conquered it, and annexed it to his Empire, under which it has been ever since; the chief Town of it is Moncastrum, a very strong Town, taken by the Turks then also. It is called Budziack by the neighbouring Tartars, and by that Name is best known to the present times.

Bestercze, or Bestricze, Bistricia, a City of Transilvania. It stands in a very large Plain, upon a River of the same Name, which 2 Miles further takes in the Saio: 5 German Miles North-East from Burgles, and 15 from Weissenburg to the North-West. It is little and ill built.

Beta, a River of South America, in the Country of Paria, which falls into the River Orenock.

Betanzos, Flavium Brigantium, a small City in Gallicia in Spain, seated upon the North side of the River Mandeu, 11 Miles from Mondonnedo to the East.

Betawe, or Betau, a small Territory contain'd in the Dutchy of Guelderland, in the States of the Ʋnited Provinces. It seems to retain the Name of the antient Batavi, who had their Habitations here. Nimeguen stands in it.

Betente, an Island near Naples, call'd by the antients Parthenope.

Bethany, Bethania, an antient Town and Castle of Palestine near Jerusalem; of everlasting Fame for the Resurrection of Lazarus from his Grave at the Command of our Saviour here. John 11. There was another Bethany beyond Jordan.

Bethel, that is, in the Hebrew, The House of God, (according to the Interpretation of Jacob's Dream, Gen. 28. 17. 19.) was a City of Samaria, call'd Luz till the Patriarch chang'd its name. Here Jeroboam erected his Idols: In derision whereof it was afterwards call'd Bethaven, that is, The House of Iniquity, says S. Jerom in Oseam. Ch. 4 and 5. Josias destroy'd those Idols.

Bethlehem, that is in the Hebrew, The House of Bread, the Place of the Nativity of our Saviour, and the capital of the Family of David; as likewise the Birth-place of David: call'd Bethlehem of Judea in distinction from another Bethlehem in the Tribe of Zabulon, was never but a small place; two Leagues from Jerusalem to the South, and 32 from Nazareth. Now Inhabited by about 150 Houses of Turks, Moor's, Arabians, and some poor Christians, that make a Trade of selling Chapelets and Crucifixes to Pilgrims. Yet St. Mary's Church, built by Helena, is entire still; and in the particular part of it where our Saviour first entred into this World, within a Circle illustrated with a Glory like the Rays of the Sun, there are these words Engraved, Hic ex Virgine Maria Jesus Christus natus est. The Greeks, Armenians, and Latin Cordeliers, have their several Quarters in this Church. It is a very noble Pile, envied by the Turks, who therefore have robb'd it of some Ornaments to carry to their Mosques. S. Jerom says, the Pagans heretofore erected the Idols of Adonis and Venus in it to prophane it. In 1110. after the Christians had gained the Holy Land, they constituted Bethlehem a Bishops See under the Patriarch of Jerusalem. It stands upon a small Hill, and nothing can be pleasanter than the Valleys about it. § When the Christians were expelled the Holy Land again, in 1223. Raynaud Bishop of Bethlehem attended Guy Earl of Nevers into France, who conferred upon him the Administration of an Hospital at Clameci, a small Town in the Diocese of Auxerre in the Province of Nivernois; which was afterwards augmented in Honor with the Title of Bishop of Bethlehem, to continue to the Successors of the said Rainaud for ever, in the nomination of the Earls and Dukes of Nevers: hence there is at this day a Bishop of Bethlehem in France without any Lands or Diocese.

Bethshan, an antient Town in Palestine in the Tribe of Menasseh, called Scythopolis by Josephus and Stephanus. The Philistines fixed the Body of King Saul to the Walls of this place. 1. Sam. 31. 10.

Bethshemesh, Bethsama, at first called Abel, (1 Sam. 6. 18.) was a Town in Palestine belonging to the Levites Josh. 21. 16. whither the Ark came, when dismissed by the Philistines, 1. Sam. 6. 14. and 50000 Bethshemites were immediatly struck with death for presuming to look into it, according to the common Translations: whereas Josephus, S. Jerom, Isidore, Lyra, Tostatus, and Bochartus maintain the number of the slain was no more than 70. § There was another Bethlehem in the Tribe of Naphthali, remark'd because the old Inhabitants (the Canaanites) were not driven thence as God had commanded. Jud. 1. 33. And a third in the Tribe of Issachar at the foot of Mountain Carmel.

Bethulia, an antient, strong and great City in the Tribe of Zabulon in Galilee; famous for the Siege laid to it by Holofernes, and the Victory of Judith over his Army and him at one fatal blow. Together with a Fortress formerly built by the Christians near Bethlehem.

Bethune, a strong well built Town in Artois, upon the River Biette, 8 Leagues from Arras [Atrebatum] toward the North, and 5 from Aire. It has been under the French ever since 1645. when it was taken by them; being ceded to them by the Pyrenean Treaty in 1659. This Town is raised to the Honor of a Marquisate.

Betley, a Market-Town in Staffordshire in the Hundred of Pirehill.

Betlis, a City of Armenia, 10 days Journey from Diarbeker, belonging to a Sovereign Bey or Prince, who neither acknowledges the Grand Seignior nor the King of Persia; but courted by both as being Master of a Country: so situated betwixt Mountains and Rivers, that he is able with 10 Men to defend the Passes against 1000, and intercept the Correspondence of Aleppo and Tunis at pleasure: he can send into the Field above 20000 Horse and very good Infantry.

Bethsaida, an antient Town of Palestine in Galilee in the Tribe of Zabulon, near the the Lake of Genezareth. S. Andrew and S. Philip the Apostles were born here.

Beveland, an Island of Zeland in the United Netherlands; rent asunder by a Tempest in 1532. from East to West, and since divided into North and South Beveland. Goes stands in this Island.

Beverly, a Town in the East Riding of Yorkshire, seated upon the West side of the River Hull, about a Mile from it: about 5 Miles North of Hull. Camden supposeth it to be the old Petvaria Parisiorum, though there be no signs of a great Antiquity now to be found. One John Sirnamed de Beverly, Archbishop of York, a Pious and Learned Man in the esteem of Bede, in his old Age resigned his Bishoprick, and retired hither, and in holy Meditations here died in 721. For the sake of this Holy Person, the Saxon Kings gave great Privileges to this place, particularly Athelstan by a Grant in these Words, A is Free make I thee, as Heart may think or Eye may see. They had also a Sanctuary endowed with the largest Priviledges; so that the Town grew great, rich, and populous; governed at first by Wardens; but Queen Elizabeth made it a Major Town. It sends 2 Burgesses to the Parliament.

Beuray, or Beureet, a Town in the Territory of Autun in Burgundy in France; supposed to be the Bibracte of Cesar, where he once assembled the Deputies of all Gallia under him, and oftentimes Wintered his Troops: imparting his own name Julia to it.

Bewdley, a Market-Town in Worcestershire in the Hundred of Doddington, which sends one Burgess to the Parliament. It stands upon the Severn near the Forest of Wire; of particular Esteem in the Reign of Henry VII. he building a House here for Prince Arthur, called Ticken Hall.

Beux, a Village near to Seignelay in the Province of Burgundy in France; made lately remarkable by one Couallier, surnamed the Phisician of Beux; a Man born and educated amongst the meanest Employs of the Country; yet he attained to so singular a Knowledge of all the Species of Diseases and Remedies, without studying the Faculty in Books or Schools, that not only Monsieur Colbert laid his obligations upon him to recide at Seignelay, but from all parts they came to consult him, so that he left to his Son at his Death an Estate of above 100000 Crowns.

Beziers, Biterra, Beterensis Civitas, a great and antient City in the Province of Languedoc in France, with the Dignity of a Viscounty and of an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Narbonne. It was a Roman Colony in the times of Julius Cesar and Tiberius; having afterwards 2 Temples built in it to the Honor of Julius and Augustus. In the year 356. the Arians held a Council here against S. Hilary, which occasioned his Banishment by the Emperor Constantius. The Goths and Saracens successively ruined it. In 1209. the Croisade cut off 10000 of its Inhabitants. In 1233. a Council was assembled against the Albigenses at this place. About the year 1247. it became united to the Crown of France, whereas before it had been governed by its own Viscounts. It stands upon the River Orb, 2 Leagues from the Sea, and 3 from Agde: and had a Cittadel which was demolished in 1633.

Biafara, a Town and Kingdom in Guiney in Africa: the former stands upon the River dos Camaornes; the other (that receives its name from it) extends itself betwixt the Kingdom of Benni, the Niger, and the States of Congo.

Bialacerkiow, Bialaceria, a Town in the Palatinate of Kiovia in the Kingdom of Poland, upon the River Ros, ill built.

Bialogrod, Arvis, Hermonassa, the principal Town of Bessarabia, seated upon the Shoars of the Euxine, or Black Sea; 30 Miles from the North outlet of the River Danube, called Moncastrum, by the later Latin Writers; Bialogrod, by the Moldavians, and Beligrad by the Turks; under whom it is, being taken by Bajazet II. in 1485. It lies 60 German Miles from Arhianople, and 63 from Constantinople to the North.

Biaur, Biaurus, a River in Rovergne in France.

Bibiena, a Town in the Principality of Piedmont in Italy; by some Authors esteemed to the be Forum Vibii of the Antients.

Bibrach, Bibacum, Bibracum, a City in Schwaben, in Germany, seated upon a small River which a very little farther falls into the Riss, which last falls into the Danube, 2 German Miles above Ʋlm; this City stands about 5 German Miles from Ʋlm to the North-West. This is an Imperial City, and takes its name from a Castor or Beaver. Under Pepin King of France, about 751. it was a Village, but Frederick II. walled it. For some signal Services performed under Maximilian I. the publick Arms of it were changed from a Crowned Castor or Beaver, to a Crowned Lyon: it obtained also from Maximilian II. the right of Sealing with Red Wax. Long. 31. 51. Lat. 48. 00. Written sometimes Biberach; and famous for the Mineral Waters, they call the Waters of Jordan, within its Territory.

Bicaner, a Town in the County of Bacar in the East-Indies, in the States of the Great Mogul, understood by some to be the Bardeatis of the Antients.

Bicestre, an antient Castle below the Village of Gentilly near Paris. The name Bicestre is confessed to be but a Corruption of Winchester: for from the time that John Bishop of Winchester made it his residence, when the English had Conquered France, it took the name of Winchester Castle from him, and kept it through the whole course of its Fortunes. Of late, since its total Consumption and Ruin, Lewis XIII. built an Hospital in the place of it for maimed Soldiers.

Bicester, a Market-Town in Oxfordshire in the Hundred of Ploughley.

Bicoqua, a small Town in the Milanese in Italy, 3 Miles from Milan. The French were here defeated by the Swisse in 1522.

Bidache, a Town upon the River Bidouse in the Territory of Bearne in France; 5 or 6 Leagues from Bayonne. It sustains the Title of a Principality, and has a Castle which Charles V. never could Conquer.

Bidassoa, Bidasso, and Vidasso, a small River which riseth out of the Pyrenean Hills, in the Confines of Navarr, 7 Miles from S. Johns; and presently crossing the Pyrenean Mountains, it runs between the Territories of Labour in France, and Guipuscoa in Spain; and falls into the Cantabrian Ocean at Fontarabia, where it divides France from Spain. Famous for the Pyrenean Treaty here made in an Island of this River, between the Kings of France and Spain, Nov. 7. 1659. and also for an interview between those two Princes in 1660. in the same Island, called the Island of Pheasants.

Bidlyn, the present name of Indus, one of the most famous Rivers of the East-Indies.

Bidumi, Idumaea, a part of Palestine.

Biela, Bugella, Gaumellum, and Laumellum, a Town in the District of Vercellois in Piedmont under the Duke of Savoy, and the Capital of a small Territory called Le Biallese. It is rich, handsom, and populous. Francis II. Duke of Modena died here in 1658.

Biela Osero, that is, in the Muscovian Language, the White Lake, is a Province of Muscovy, which is honored with the Title of a Dukedom; between the Province of Wologda to the East and North, and that of Novigrod (which is also a Dukedom) to the South and West. The chief City of it is Biela, seated upon a River of the same name; almost in the middle between Novigrod to the East, and Wologda to the West, and about 62 German Miles North-West of Moskow, the Capital of this Kingdom: written sometimes Bela. The Grand Duke of Muscovy shuts up a part of his Treasures in this City; because its Situation in the midst of many Marshes, renders it almost impregnable.

Bielba, a City of Muscovy, towards the Confines of Lithuania, about 30 German Miles North of Smolasko, and 59 North-West from Moscow; there is a Province annexed to this City called Bielki. This City is written Bielha, and Bielska, and the Province Bielski. It is one of the Titles in the Stile of the Grand Duke of Muscovy.

Bielski. See Bielba.

Bielsko, Bielco, a City in the Province of Smolaske in Poland, between Grodno to the South, and Bressici to the North. This place was by Treaty surrendred to the Muscovites in 1634. together with Smolensko, Novograd, and other strong places, and the Territories belonging to them. It stands upon the River Biala, with a strong Fortress, betwixt Brescici and Warsaw.

Bienne, Bienna, called by the Germans, Biel, is a small City in Switzerland, seated upon a Lake of the same name, between Neufchastel to the South, and Solothurn or Soleurre to the East under the Bishop of Basil; but from 1547. it has been in the League with the Cantons and so in a manner almost free. It was once also an Imperial City, though now no part of the Empire.

Bientina, a Town in the Province of Tuscany in Italy, under the Great Duke of Florence, taking its name from the Lake di Bientina.

Biescid, a part of the Carpathian Fountains.

Bietala, or Biutala, a strong Fortress upon the furthermost Borders of the Kingdom of Barantola in Tartary. It is the ordinary place of Residence for the Grand Lama, that is, the High Priest of their Law.

Bievre, a small River in the Isle of France, which after a short course, falls into the Seyne a little above Paris. The Water of this River is accounted excellent for dying of Scarlet. In the years 1526. and 1579. it overflowed up to the second Story of the Houses in the Suburbs of S. Marcell at Paris.

Bigenis, Abacena, Abacenum, a Town in the Island of Sicily near Messina, upon the River called Fieume di Castro Reale, in the Valley of Demona.

Bigleswade, a Market-Town in Bedfordshire. The Capital of its Hundred: pleasantly seated on the River Ivel.

Bigorre, Bigerrones, Bigerrensis Comitatus, a Province or County of France, so called from the principal Town: in length 10 Leagues, and in breadth 3: bounded on the west with Bearn, on the East with Tholouse, on the North with Armagnac and Estrac, and on the South with the Pyrenean Hills. This was once, an Earldom of a larger extent as Peter de Marca saith in his History of Bern. Tarbes is its Capital City.

Biguba, a Kingdom of Nigritia in Africa.

Bilbao the chief City of Biscay in Spain, call'd by the Romans Flaviobriga; seated upon the River Nervio, 2 Leagues from the Cantabrian Ocean; a large, beautiful, well traded City; from S. Andreo 13 Miles to the North-East, and 24 from Bayonne to the South. Joannes Mariana is of opinion, that Bilbao is of a later Origine, and saith it was built by Didacus Lupus de Haro, Lord of Biscay, in 1298. which is true; but then it stands in the same place; the old Name of Flaviobriga was given it in Honor of Vespasian. This City stands in a Plain, in a wet Ground upon a small River and is incompassed with very high Hills.

Bilbilis, the Birthplace of the Poet Martial, was an antient City in Hispama Tarraconensis, belonging to the Celtiberi, upon the River Xalon, famous for excellent Iron and Steel: some believe the modern Calatayud, others Xiloca to be the same with it. §. Bilbilis is also the antient name of a River in that Country, said to have a particular Virtue for tempering of Iron and Steel: they now call it Xiloca. See Xiloca.

Biledulgerid, a City and Province in Africa, which lies a great length from East to West, but is not of equal breadth. It is bounded on the North by Barbary, on the East by Egypt, on the South by Zahara or the Desart; and on the West by the Atlantick Ocean: a vast, but barren Country, nor has it any Cities of great Note in it: Tarudante and Caphesa are the most considerable. This Province was a part of the Country of the antient Getuli: about 980 Miles long from East to West, and 220 broad. The name signifies a Country fruitful of Dates.

Bilefeld, a Hanse Town in the Province of Westphalia in Germany towards Munster, with a good Castle.

Bildeston, a Market-Town in Suffolk in the Hundred of Cosford.

Bille, Billena, a River of Germany. It riseth in the Province of Wageren, separates Holstein from the lower Circle of Saxony, and falls into the Elb at Hamburgh.

Billericay, a Market-Town in Essex in the Hundred of Barnstaple.

Billesdon, a Market-Town in Leicestershire in the Hundred of Gartrey.

Billingham, a Market-Town in Northumberland in Tindale Ward.

Binbroke, a Market-Town in Lincolnshire in the Hundred of Walshcroft.

Billom, a Town in the Province of Auvergne in France, 5 or 6 Leagues from Clermont. It is a very trading Place, in a fruitful Soil.

Bimini, a small Island East of Florida in America. It is one of the Luccaye's, to the South of the Island of Bahama.

Binche, Bink or Bins, Binchium, a Town in Hainault, near the River Haisne; 3 Leagues from Mons to the Eastward, and 4 from Maubeuge to the North; is now decaying: it was taken by the French in 1667. and restored back to the Spaniards in 1678. by the Treaty of Nimeguen. Mary Queen of Hungary, Sister to the Emperor Charles V. built herself a Noble Palace here, to enjoy the good Air of the Place, which is still called Marimont.

Bingen, a fine Town belonging to the Elector of Mayence, upon the River Rhine, where it entertains the River Nar, which here is covered with a stone Bridge; once a Free Imperial City, but now exempted from the Empire. The antient Geographers and Historians make mention of it. It has a Castle seated on a Hill, and stands 4 German Miles from Mayence towards the West, and 2 from Greitznack to the North: near it in an Island in the Rhine, is a Castle called Mauszthurn: wherein the Report goes, that Hatto the second Archbishop of Mayence was eaten alive by Rats; it is now almost wholly ruin'd.

Bingham, a Market-Town in the County of Nottingham, the Capital of its Hundred.

Bendimir, Bagrada, a River of Persia, which riseth in the Desarts of Carmania, about 20 German Miles South of Hispahan; and watering the Province of Fars, it washeth Astachar; after which having received another small River from the West, it falls into the Persian Gulph 25 German Miles West of Ormus.

Biolizero, a Fortress built in a Lake, where the Duke of Muscovy keeps his Treasures. See Biela Osero.

Biorneburg, a small City belonging to the Swedes in North Finland, where the River (Cumus) Rauto•',

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falls into the Bay of Botner in almost 62 deg. of Lat. It is a poor place, and consists of a few Houses.

Biobio, a River of South America, in the Kingdom of Chili; which springeth from the Andes, and running Westward, falls into the Pacifick Ocean, near S. Conception a City of Chili and the Island of Aviquirina.

Bir, Birtha, a small but Antient City of Arabia Deserta, upon the Euphrates, 130 Miles East of Aleppo, in the Consines of Mesopotamia, 10 German Miles West of Ʋrpha. The usual place of Embarking upon the Euphrates for Bagdet. This City is under the Turks; and formerly was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Edessa. Some write it Biro. Ptolemy mentions it.

Birka, or Birkopin Birca, the Capital Town of the Province of Ostregothia in Sweden: heretofore considerable, but almost ruined now.

Birkenfield, a Town in the Palatinate of the Rhine in Germany. Honoured with the Title of a Principality. It stands near the River Nab, 5 or 6 Leagues from Treves.

Birmingham, a Market-Town in warwickshire in the Hundred of Hemlingford.

Biron, a Town in the Province of Perigord in France, and one of the most antient Baronies of the same. Erected into a Dukedom by King Henry IV. It at present bears the Title of a Marquisate.

Birs, and Biersick are 2 small Rivers in the Canton of Basil.

Bisaccia, a small City in the Principate, in the Kingdom of Naples, near the Apennine, 2 Leagues from Cedogna, and 7 from Monte-Verde. It consisteth of a very small number of Inhabitants; yet a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Conza; and illustrated with the Title of a Dukedom.

Bisagno, See Besagno.

Biscay, Cantabria, called by the Spaniards Vizcaja, by the French Biscay; hath on the North-West the Cantabrian Ocean, or the Bay of Biscay; on the East the Kingdom of Navarre, on the South the Kingdom of Castile, and on the West Asturia. It enjoys the Title of a Principality, because heretosore it had Princes of its own, of the Family de Haro; the last of which dying in the Siege of Algezira, this Principality fell to King John of Castile, and from thenceforward became a part of that Kingdom. It is about 26 Spanish Leagues from East to West, but not so broad. Bilbao is its principal City; it is a fruitful and a populous Country, and full of Sea Ports. Reduced heretofore under the Roman Yoak with great difficulty. § The same name is also given to a part of New Spain in America. They call it New Biscay. It is bounded on the North with the Kingdom of Mexico, the Province of Panuco to the East, Zacatecas to the South, and Culiacan to the West; there are 2 Mines of Silver in it. § The French Biscay, see Basques.

Bisegli, Vigiliae, a City in the Province of Bari in the Kingdom of Naples, with an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Trani, upon the Adriatick Ocean; between Trani, Molfetta, and Bari.

Biserta Ʋtica, a City of Africa. Immortally honored by giving a Sirmane to Cato Ʋticensis. It stands in the Kingdom of Tunis upon the Mediterranean Sea, between Carthage and Tabarqua: and is now become a Retreat of •yrates.

Bishops Castle, a Market-Town in the County of Salop in the Hundred of Purslow, not far from the River Chun. It Elects 2 Members of Parliament.

Bisignano, Besidia, a little City in the hither Calabria, in the Kingdom of Naples, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Rossano, but exempted from his Jurisdiction: also honored with the Title of a Principality which belongeth to the Family of San Severini; seated on a Hill, and has a strong Castle, upon the River (Cotilum) Cochilo, which a little farther falls into the River Crate. It is a fine City of about 2 Miles compass, surrounded with high Hills: called Ʋrbs Brutiorum by Livy.

Bisnagar, the Kingdom that bears this Name, is a considerable Country in the East-Indies; bounded on the North with the Kingdoms of Decan and Cuncam; on the East, with the Gulph of Bengale; on the West with the Indian Sea, and on the South with the Kingdom of Malabar, and Singa; it is sometimes also call'd the Kingdom of Narsinga. This Kingdom is subject to a Prince of its own; but then it is also divided into several petty Kingdoms, which have Princes that are Tributary Homagers to the King of Narsinga. The City that gives Name to it lies almost exactly in 15 d. of Northern Lat. and 107 of Long. on the Eastern side of a long chain of Mountains that divide this vast Promontory from North to South. It lies 45 Leagues West from the Shoars of the Bay of Bengale, and 35 from Narsinga to the West.

Bisneghe, Hesperium Cornu, commonly call'd Capo-verde, is a Promontory in Nigritia in Africa, upon the Western Shoar, in 14 deg. of Northern Lat.

Bisnow, the Name of a Sect amongst the Banjans, in the East-Indies. In this, different from the Sect of Zamarath, That the Women live Widows after their Husbands death, and do not burn themselves in the same funeral Pile with them.

Bitche, a County in Lorrain, upon the Frontiers of Germany.

Bitetto, a City in the Province of Bari, in the Kingdom of Naples; with an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Bari. It is but small, and indifferently Peopled. Betwixt Bari and Bitonto.

Bithynia, a celebrated Province of Asia Minor, where stood the famous Cities of Nice and Chalcedon, Heraclea, and Apamea, &c. Heretofore a Kingdom; which ended in the Person of Nicomedes IV. when dying without Issue he nominated the Romans his Heirs, in the Year 679. that is, 75 years before the Birth of our Saviour. It lies towards the Euxine Sea, and the Archipelago: And now call'd Chintale.

Bito, one of the Kingdoms of Nigritia in Africa: separated from the Kingdom of Benin by the Mountains; with a capital City of the same name.

Bitonto, Butuntum, a City of the Territory di Bari in Apulia in Italy, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Bari: 5 miles from the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea towards the South, and 8 from Bari to the West; it lies in a very fruitful Plain, in pretty good esteem, and indifferently well Peopled. Also adorn'd with the Title of a Marquisate.

Bitsin, Bitisinum, a Town in Silesia, where Sigismund, King of Poland, besieged and took Maximilian Arch-Duke of Austria, his Competitor in the Kingdom of Poland, Prisoner, in the Year 1578. and after, upon the Intercession of Rodolphus II. and his renouncing of his pretence to Poland, released him.

Bivar, a Town of Hungary, upon the Save.

Bivoras, Salsum, a River of Andalusia.

Bizano, a Kingdom of Ethiopia, divided from the Kingdom of Gojame, in the same Region, by the River Nile.

Blackburn, a Market-Town in Lancashire near the River Derwent; the capital of its Hundred.

Black Sea. See Euxine Sea.

Blandiac, a Town in the Diocese of Ʋsez in the Province of Languedoc in France.

Blanford, a Market-Town in Dorsetshire, in the Hundred of Pimpern, upon the River Stower.

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Blankeberghe, a Town and Port, with a Castle, in Flanders; 2 Leagues from Bruges, and thereabouts from Ostend.

Blanmont, or Blamont, Blamontium, a Town in the Dukedom of Lorain upon the River Voiziere; giving the Title of an Earl. Formerly Fortifi'd. At present in a low condition.

Blansac, a Town in the Province of Angoumois in France upon the River Nai, situated in a fruitful Soil; betwixt Valette, Bonteville, and Angouleme.

Blavet, a River of Bretagne in France, giving Name to the Town Blavet, (see Porto Loüis); and passing Pontivi and Hennebont, falling into the Ocean at Porto Louis.

Blaye, Blavium, Blavutum, a well fortified Town of great importance in the Province of Guyenne in France, upon the River Gironde, 6 Leagues from Bourdeaux. (The Gironde is a name they give the Garonne after its reception of the Dordogne). Since the year 1475. by the order of Lewis XI. the Foreign Vessels going up to Bourdeaux, use to leave their Artillery here. In the Civil Wars of France, This Town was first taken by the Huguenots; then by the Leaguers, who held it out against a Siege in 1593. tho the Spanish Fleet coming to their assistance, was defeated by the Marshal de Matignon.

Bleking, a Province in Sweden, yielded to them by the Danes in 1658. at the Treaty of Roskill. It lies upon the Baltick Sea, and was heretofore remark'd with the Title of a Dukedom.

Blemyes, Blemiae, an antient People of Aethiopia, reduced under the Roman Empire in the time of the Emperour Marcian. Fabulously reported to have their Eyes in their Breasts from nothing but an ill custom of holding down their Heads too low.

Blene, a fruitful Country in the antient Kingdom of Pontus, in Asia Minor, watered by the River Amnias. Mithridates, King of Pontus, defeated Nicomedes King of Bethynia here; who thereupon retired into Italy.

Bletterans, a Town in Franche Comtè, upon the Borders of the Dutchy of Burgundy, and the River Seile, about 9 Leagues from Dole and Chalon. Heretofore Fortifi'd, now without Walls

Bliburg, or Blithborough, a small Town in the County of Suffolk, upon the South side of the River Blithe, which a little farther falls into Southwold Bay. In this Town, Anna, a Christian King of the East-Angles lies buried, who was slain by Penda, King of Mercia, in a set Battle, together with Ferminus, his eldest Son, in the year 654. Henry I. King of England founded afterwards a Priory of Black Canons. But that being demolished, the Town fell to ruin, and is now a very small Place.

Blith, a Market-Town in the County of Nottingham in the Hundred of Bassetlaw.

Blois, Blesae, a Town in France, and Capital of a County call'd Le Blois; it is well built and populous, upon the Loire, which is here passable by a Bridge of Stone; it has also a Castle, lately repair'd by Gaston, Duke of Orleans. The Kings of France have frequently retired hither to enjoy themselves, by reason of the pleasantness of the situation of it, and the Magnificence and Elegance of the Buildings. Lewis XII. was born here, in the Year 1461. Ann his Queen died here in 1514. also Claude the Queen of Francis I. in 1524. and Catharine de Medices, the Relict of Henry II. in 1589. Here was also that famous Assembly of the States of France, in which, by the order of Henry III. Henry Duke of Guise was Assassined, together with the Cardinal his Brother; which caused the Murdering of that Prince soon after, by James Clement a Dominican Fryar, in revenge of it. This place lies between Tours and Orleans: The County de le Blois is bounded on the East by the Dukedom of Orleans, on the West by Tours, on the South by Berry, and on the North by Beausse.

Blonicz, Blonicum, a City or very great Town of the Kingdom of Poland, in the Confines of the Province of Mazowski, 7 Polish Miles from Warsaw towards the West; built all of Timber.

Bobio, Bobi, Bobium, a City in the Dutchy of Milan in Italy, with an Episcopal See, under the Archbishop of Genoua. It takes its situation upon the River Trabia, and its Original from an Abby founded here in former times by S. Columbanus.

Bocchara, a River of Bactria.

Bochir, Canopus, a City of Egypt, upon the Western Branch of the Nile, where Claudian the Poet was born; 25 Miles East of Alexandria.

Bodegrave, a Town in Holland upon the Rhine, 3 Leagues from Ʋtrecht: Made remarkable by a Battle here fought betwixt the French and Dutch, in the Year 1672.

Bodmin, Voliba or Voluba, a Market-Town in Cornwal, in the Hundred of Trigg, which returns Two Burgesses to the Parliament. It is situated near the River Alan, and was heretofore the Seat of a Bishop.

Bodrogh, a City of the Upper Hungary on the River Danube, which was heretofore the Capital of an Earldom. This place lies 7 German Miles South of Segedin, 16 East of Buda, and about 4 Miles North of Esseck; it is now in the hands of the Emperor, by the Conquest of Buda and Segedin in 1686.

Bodrog, a River of the Upper Hungary, which riseth in the Carpathian Hills, and falls into the Tibiscus at Tokay.

Boeotja, an antient Province of Greece, now called Stramulipa: Plutarch, and Pausanias, and Epaminondas were Natives thereof: the famous Helicon and Aganippe stand in it: the Rivers Asopus and Cephisus watered it: and in all the former Wars of Greece, this Province bore a considerable Share, See Stramulipa.

Bogazin, the Streight between Constantinople and Asia, antiently called Bosphorus Thracicus.

Bogdiana, the same with Moldavia.

Bohemia, a great Kingdom in Germany belonging to the House of Austria; which though it is almost encompassed by the German Territories, yet is properly no part of Germany. It has a distinct and different Language, and been a separate Kingdom ever since the year 1086. Bounded on the North and West by the Dukedom of Saxony, on the East by Hungary, and on the South by Bavaria and Austria: containing almost 40 Towns and Cities in it that they call Royal, whereof Prague is the Capital. This Kingdom maintained great Wars with the Caroline Race of Kings, till about the year 894. Borzivoius Duke of Moravia, becoming Prince also of Bohemia, procured their imbracing the Christian Faith universally. When in the year 1196. Petrus Capuanus, one of the Cardinals of Rome, would have brought in Celibacy amongst their Clergy, he met with great opposition, and ran the hazard of being slain by the Bohemian Priests. They received the Waldenses, who fled hither about the year 1230. John Hus's, and Jerom of Prague about the year 1414. had great success in their Preaching, and George Podi•bach King of Bohemia became his Convert. In 1454. there was another Accession of the Waldenses; insomuch that in 1467. there was 200 Churches of this Persuasion in Bohemia and Moravia. In the year 1536, they imbraced Luther's Reformation: 1564, they obtained from Maximilian that Liberty which Ferdinand I. had deny'd them; which lasted but one Year. In 1575. they obtained their Liberty again, which was confirm'd in the Year 1611. by Rodolphus II. Matthias the next Emperor not maintaining these Grants, they chose Frederick Elector Palatine King of Bohemia, and Crown'd him at Prague in 1619. This caused a War with the House of Austria: The Elector being ejected by force of Arms in the Year 1620, for 30 Years following, Germany became an Acheldama, a Field of Blood; and the Reformation was ruined by an Edict made in 1630. And the House of Austria in Germany was in almost equal danger. Albertus Duke of Austria obtained this Crown by Election in the Year 1437. And in the Year 1526, Ferdinand Arch-Duke of Austria was freely elected after the former Branch had been discontinu'd; since which time there has been no Interruption but that unfortunate one made by Frederick Elector Palatine; so that it is become, by the Strength of the House of Austria and the Weakness of the Bohemians, an Hereditary Kingdom to the House of Austria. The King of Bohemia is the first secular Elector of the Emperor of Germany, though it be no part of the Empire.

Boiana, a River that divides Dalmatia from Macedonia; this River is commonly call'ed il Drino; and in its proper place I shall speak more of it.

Boiano, a Colony and City of the Samnites in the County of Molise upon the River Biferno, which falls into the Adriatick Sea: It stands at the foot of the Apennine in the borders of Campania▪ 18 Miles from Trivento towards the North, and 22 from Capua towards the East; and though it is a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Benevento, yet it is little, and ill built, and ill inhabited.

Boii, an ancient People▪ 1. of Gallia Celtiqua, possessing the Provinces now called Auvergne and Bourbonnois in France. 2. of Bavaria in Germany; otherwise mentioned by the Names of Bojares and Bavari. See Bavari. 3 Of Gallia Cispadana in Italy, where are now the Dutchies of Modena and Parma. See Gallia.

Bois•clle or Enrichemont, Boscabellum, a Town in the Dukedom of Berry in France, with a Castle, and the Title of a Principality; betwixt Bourges and Sancerre.

Bois-de-Trahison, or Bois-de-Gamelon, a Forrest upon the Banks of the Seine betwixt Paris and Pontoise in France. One Gamelon in the time of Charles the Great, using to ambuscade Men here, has left his Name to the Place.

Boisy, a Seigniory in the Country of Chablais in Savoy, near the Lake of Geneva.

Bolena, Bolina, Bolaenae, an ancient City of the Morea, mention'd by Pausanias and Stephanus, near to Patras and the River Glaueus; and sometime an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Patras.

Bolene, a Town in the County of Venaisin in Provence in France; upon the Ascent of a little Hill with the River Letz gliding at its foot. It shews the ruines of a Castle.

Boleslaw, Boleslavia, a small City in Bohemia, upon the River Gizera, which falls into the River Albus: This City stands eight Miles from Prague towards the North-East. There is another call'd Irung-Bunczel, which stands within two Miles of Prague, where the Gizera falls into Albus; which last was built in 935. They are distinguished from each other by the Names of the Old and the Younger Boleslaw.

Bollerbrun, a Lake near the Village of Altembeck in the Province of Westphalia in Germany; having a remarkable strong Flux and Reflux daily.

Bolli, Paphlagonia, a Province of the •esser Asia

Bologna, in Italy. See Bononia.

Bologne à la mèr, the Icius Portus of Cesar, Gessoriacus Portus, and Gessoriacum, a City of Picardy, a Province of France; it is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Rhemes, and stands upon the River [Liana] Lenart, which there falling into the British Sea on the South of this City, makes a convenient H•ven. This City is distant from Calis about seven Leagues to the South, and five from Estaples to the North. It gives name to a small County which from it is called le Bonlenois. The Town is divided into two parts, the Upper and the Lower, both which are well fortified. This place seems to have been the usual place of passing into Britain during the Roman Empire; and both Claudius and Caligula came to it on that account: And Pliny saith, it was the shortest and most convenient Passage. It began to be called Bononia about the time of Constantine the Great, who took it in his Passage to his Father then dying at York. Henry the VII. of England in 1487. reduc'd this City to a very low condition, when he entred France for the Protection of the Dutchy of Britain; but then Charles the VIII. of France bought his Peace, and preserv'd it. His Son Henry the VIII. took it afterwards in 1544. and kept it all his Life: Edward the VI. in the Disorders of his Minority sold or surrendred it to the French again, for a much less sum of Money than it cost the Crown of England to gain it. The Bishop's See was translated hither from Tournay when the English took that City. It lies in Longitude 22. 42. Latitude 50. 30. §. Also a small Town in the Province of Gascoigne, near the River Gers, upon the borders of Bigorre.

Le Boulenois, or the County belonging to Bologne, lies in the North part of the Province of Picardy; bounded on the West by the British Sea, on the North by the County of Guisnes, on the East by Artois, and on the South by the County of Ponthieu; from which last it is separated by the River Canche. This County was once an Earldom of it self; during which time it gave one King to England, and another to Jerusalem, Godfrey III. was the latter, and King Stephen of England the other; it continued so till Bertrand de la Tour (the last Earl of it) in 1477. sold it to Lewis XI. of France, who with mighty Ceremony did homage to the Virgin Mary, and made her some Promises which his Successors never thought of keeping; as may be seen in Dr. Heyli's Cosmography.

The Bolognese, a Territory adjacent to the City of Bologna in Italy, generally epitheted la Grassa, from its Fruitfulness: Dove si legano le vigne con sals•ccie, where the Vines are tied up with Sausages, says the Proverb.

Bolsena, Volsinium, a City of S. Peter's Patrimony in Italy, which was the seat of a Bishop untill the Translation thereof to Orvieto. It gives Name to the Lake Bolsena, in which the Island of Matana stands, where the Queen Amalazonte was put to death by the ungrateful Theodatus▪

Bolsover, a Market-Town in Derbyshire in the Hundred of Scarsdale. The Duke of Newcastle has a Seat here.

Bolswert, or Boleswart, a Town in West-Fri•sland, in the Earldom of Holland, about 3 Leagues from Leeu Warden.

Bolton, a Market-Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Salford; with the Title of a Duke of late to the Lord Marquess of Winchester.

Bolzano, a small Town in the Vicentine in Italy, under the Republick of Venice, upon the River Adige. Others place it in the Trentine, and say it is a very Trading Place.

Bombon, a Province of Peru in the West-Indies, towards the River Xauxa.

Bommel, Bommelia, an Island beautified with a fair Town in the Dutchy of Guelderland. The Town stands upon the River Maes, two German Miles from Boisl•duc towards Ʋtrecht, and belongs properly as a Fee to the Dutchy of Brabant, in the Confines of which it is; but it is under the Ʋnited Provinces. In 1672▪ it was taken by the French, and deserted the next year, after they had dismantled it: The Island in which it stands is about thirteen Miles in length, and lies between the Wael to the North, and the Maes to the South: call'd, by the Dutch, Bommelweert. Some take it for the Insula Batavorum of Cesar.

Bon, Bonna, Ara Ʋbiorum, and Verona, Bonne, is one of the principal Cities of the Bisho▪ rick of Cologne, and the usual Seat of that Elector, upon the Rhine, four German Miles from Cologne. It was first a Roman Colony, called Colonia Julia Bonna, and frequently mention'd in the ancient Historians on that Account: In the middle Ages it became a Free Imperial City; Frederick of Austria was here elected and Crowned in 1314. against Lewis of Bavaria. In 942. here was a Synod held. In 1588. the Duke of Parma took it by Famine. In 1673. the Prince of Orange took it from the French, (who had surprised it the year before) and restored it to the Empire; it has for a long time been exempted from the Empire, and possessed by the Electors of Cologne. Accordingly the Cardinal of Furstemburg, in pursuance of his Election to the Archbishoprick of Cologne, Jul. 19. 1688. took possession of it; whose Pretences, on the one side being justified by the King of France, and on the other being opposed both by the Emperor and the Pope, produc'd the general War that now flames among the European Princes. And though Bonne in this Conjuncture was strongly inforced for its Security with a French Garrison; yet, after about a Months Siege by the Elector of Brandenburg, with the Forces of the Allies under his Command, it was obliged to surrender to them, Octob. 12. 1689. This Town lies in Long. 28. 40. Lat. 50. 42. § Bonne, Hippo, a City of the Province of Constantine in the Kingdom of Tunis in Africa, upon the Mediterranean; famous for it's being an Episcopal See heretofore, in the Person of the Great S. Austin. Hippo was quite destroy'd by the Caliphr in 651. This of Bonne was built near its Ruines, and call'd by the Arabians Beled-el-Ʋgneb; by the Christians Bonne, as being the best and fruitfulest Country in Barbary. The K. of Tunis built it a Castle in the year 1500. Charles V. Emperor destroy'd all its Fortifications in 1535. The Turks have since repaired it, and it is provided with a little Port. §. Also a Town in the Province of Fossigni in the Dukedom of Savoy, upon the Rivulet of Menoy or Monole, 3 or 4 Leagues from Geneva; supposed to be the ancient Banta.

Bonaire, one of the Leeward Islands of America, which has its name from the Goodness of the Air. Taken from the Dutch by the Buccaniers in 1686. in 12 d. of Lat.

Bonconvento, a small Town in the Province of Tuscano in Italy upon the River Ombrone, near Siena. It was here, that the Emperor Henry VII. was poysoned in 1313.

Boncourt, a Village upon the River Eure, in the Diocese of Eureux, in the Province of Normandy in France: Strangely consumed by an unaccountable Wild-fire in the 4 years preceding 1670.

Boni, a Town upon the Loire between Nevers and Orleans; the ancient residence of the Knights of S. Lazarus, an Order now abolished in France and incorporated with that of S. Maurice in Savoy.

Bonifacio, a City in the Island of Corsica, which has a Port belonging to it. Thought to be the Palla of Ptolemy. It is well built and traded; and secured by one of the best Fortresses in Europe. The Streights betwixt the Islands of Corsica and Sardinia receive the Name of le Bocche di Bonifacio from hence; which Geographers conclude to be the same with the Fretum Taphros of Pliny, the Fretum Etruscum of Ptolemy, and the Sinus Sardonius of Eustatius. They are sometimes also called le bocche di Beixonnere.

Bonneval, a Town in the Province of Beauce, upon the Loyre in France, 6 Leagues from Chartres, and 3 from Chasteau dun. Bo•h its Name and Rise is come from a great Abbey of the Benedictines here.

Bonneville, Bonopolis, the Capital Town of the Province of Fossigni in Savoy; about 5 Leagues from Annecy and Geneva, upon the River Arve, at the Foot of the Mountains; and at present but little considerable.

Bononia, in Italian Bologna, is a City of Romandiola in Italy, an Archbishop's See erected by Pope Gregory XIII. a Bolognese of the Family of BonCompagno, who in 1582. brought also the University here into great Fame. It has been under the Popes ever since Julius II. who extorted it from the Bentivolio's; it is beautiful and a populous City and thought one of the principal Cities of Italy; the second at least in the States of the Church: 25 Miles from Ferrara towards the South, at the Foot of the Apennine Mountains, near the little River Reno: extraordinarily full of Gentry. It was heretofore a Roman Colony, till it submitted to the Lombards in the 8th Century. And being afterwards a Republick, it maintained a War 3 years with the Republick of Venice; and another with the Emperor Frederick II. whose Natural Son Euzelin became its Prisoner. Honoriuus II. Lucius II. Gregory XIII. Innocent IX and Gregory XV. were all born here, and Alexander V. died here. Lewis the Son of Lotharius, deprived this City of its Walls in 844. They chose the Bentivolio's for their Princes in 1308. who were conquer'd by John Galeacio in 1308. Here was a Council held in 1310. In 1529. The Emperor Charles V. was Crown'd in the most Noble Church of S. Petronio here by Pope Clement VII. And the Council of Trent was removed hither in 1547. holding their 9th. and 10th. Sessions under Pope Paul III. It lies in Long. 33. 35. Lat. 44. 15. About 6 Miles in Compass, and indifferently well fortified. Governed under the Pope by a Legate a Latere, with the privilege of keeping an Embassadour for its Service at Rome, where it is treated more like a Sister than a Subject. The University carries the greatest Name of any now in Europe for the Canon and Civil Laws; whence, Bononia docet, they say to a Proverb. The Streets are furnished with arched Galleries, for Preservation against Heat, in the Nature somewhat of the Rows at Chester. The Body of S. Dominique Founder of the Dominican Order lies interr'd in a stately Convent of that Order here. The Metropolitan Church of S. Peters is built according to the same Plat with that of S. Peters at Rome. An Academy of the Otiosi is erected in this City: And for the learned Authors produc'd by the University, see the Bibliotheca of Joh. Antonius Bumaldi. The adjacent Country has the Name of the Bolognese from hence. See Bolognese.

Boot, an Island of Scotland in the Streights betwixt the Isle of Arran and the Province of Argyle.

Bopart, Bopartium, Bodobriga, a Town in the Archbishoprick of Treves upon the Rhine in Germany, betwixt Coblentz and S. Goar.

Boquerano, a litte Island of Asia in the Indian Ocean about 8 Leagues from Borneo.

Borcholm, a Fortress in the Island of Oeland near Gothia in the Baltick Sea, not above two Miles from Calmar East, in Lat. 56. 50. and Long. 34. 17.

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Borcholt, a small Town upon the River Aa in the Province of Westphalia in Germany, under the Bishop of Munster.

Bordelong, Bordelona, a Town beyond the Ganges belonging to the Kingdom of Siam. It has a Port upon the Gulph of Siam, betwixt Lingor and Singora.

Borgo, a Town in the Province of Finland in the Kingdom of Sweden, upon the Gulph of Finland, betwixt Vibourg and Revel.

Borgo S. Donnino, a City in the Dutchy of Parma in Italy, with a Bishops See erected by Pope Clement VIII. and placed under the Archbishop of Bologna by Pope Paul V. Heretofore call'd Fidentia and Julia. Its ancient Abbey was destroyed by the Emperor Frederick II.

Borgosan Sepulchro, Biturgia, a City in the States of the Great Duke of Tuscany in Italy, with an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Florence. Some Synodical Constitutions were made here in 1641.

Borgo di Sessia, a Town properly in the Milanese in Italy, but belonging to the States of the Duke of Savoy, upon the River Sessia from whence it receives this Name.

Borgo-Ual-Di-Taro, a Town and Fortress in the States of the Duke of Parma in Italy, upon the Borders of the States of Genoua.

Boria, Belsinum, a City of the Kingdom of Arragon in Spain, 11 Miles from Zaragosa to the East.

Boriquen, one of the greatest Leeward Islands upon the Western Coast of America; betwixt S. Croix and Porto rico, under the Spaniards. The Natives of this Island in the beginning believed the Spaniards were Immortal, till one Salsedo they saw happened to be drowned in the River of Guarabo.

Borysthenes. See Nieper.

Bormes, Bormanico, a Town and Barony in Provence in France, betwixt Thoulon and S. Tropes, near the Sea.

Bormia, a River within the States of the Republick of Genoua in Italy; formed by 2 Rivulets of this Name, that rise in Piedmont and unite at Sessana. Thence Bormia passes by Acqui, receives some other small Rivers, and is received itself by the Tanaro near Alexandria della Paglia.

Bormio, the Italian Name for Worms in Germany. See Worms. § Also a small Town and County in the Country of the Grisons upon the River Adda near the Valteline.

Borneo, one of the greatest Islands in the East-Indies; between Sumatra to the West, Java to the South, Celebes to the East, and the Philippine Islands to the North. It is of a round shape, and the Line cuts the Southern part of it. Reported to be 1800 Miles in Compass, and to contain several Kingdoms; but the truth is the Eastern parts of this Island were never well discovered by the Europeans yet. Borneo the principal City, lies on the North-Western Shoar in a Bay. It is a rich, populous place, well Traded, built in a low ground, not much unlike Venice, and has belonging to it a capacious Haven.

Bornheim, a Territory and its Capital Town with a Castle in the Earldom of Flanders: being a part of the demeans properly belonging to the said Earldom.

Bornholm, Boringia, an Island in the Baltick Sea, taken by the Swedes in 1644. from the Danes, and afterwards ceded to them in 1658. by the Treaty of Roschill; but restored again in consideration of an Equivalent of Royal Demeans in Schonen. This Island affords excellent Pasturage and Cattle. It lies towards the furthest parts of Bleking, and has a goodly Town called Nex, and a Castle named Sandhamer.

Borno, a Kingdom, a Town, a Desart, and a Lake in the Division of Nigritia in Africa, being the Country of the antient Garamantes. The Kingdom stands bounded with Nubia to the East, Berdoa and Gaoga to the North, Gangara to the West, and the Niger to the South.

Bosa, Bosi, Bossa, an antient City in the Island of Sardinia, with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Sassari, betwixt Oristagni to the South and Sassari to the North.

Boscasle, a Market-Town in Cornwal in the Hundred of Lesnewth, which Elects 2 Members of Parliament.

Boscobell, a Name deservedly given to the Royal Oak which served as an Asylum to King Charles II. for some days after the Battle of Worcester in Sep. 1651. about 4 Miles from VVolverhampton in Staffordshire.

Bosleduc, Boscum Ducis, now called by the French Bolduc, and by the Flandrians S. Shertogenbosch, a City in the Dukedom of Brabant, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mechlen, seated upon the River Disa, Dios, which a little farther to the North falls into the Maze. It is a large new City, environed with Rivers and Marshes, very well fortified, and only one League from the Maze: taken by the Dutch in 1629. who are still possessed of it. Geofry Duke of Brabant made a Town of it out of a Wood, in the year expressed in this Chronogram,

GodefrIdƲs dƲX e sILVa feCIt oppIdƲM. The See was founded by Pope Paul IV. in 1559. And the Country called the Mayorality of Bosleduc, containing above 100 Villages, has this City for its Capital.

Bosnia, called by the French Bossen, by the Germans Wossen, is a Province of Europe, bounded on the North by Sclavonia, on the West by Croatia, on the East by Servia, and on the South by Dalmatia; it takes its name from the River Bosna, which riseth in Servia, thence entering Bosnia, waters Bosna-Sarai and falls into the Save. It had Kings of its own from 1357. till 1465. having been before a part of the Kingdom of Hungary. The Turks under Mahomet II. Conquered it in 1465. and are still possessed of a great part of it. The same Mahomet caused Stephen the last King of Bosnia to be flea'd alive.

Bosphorus Cimmerius, that famous Streight or passage at which the Euxine Sea communicates with the Paulus Maeotis or the Sea of Tana. They now call it the Streights of Caffa and Kerci from two Towns in the Peninsula of Taurica Chersonesus which are situated upon the Banks of it. Heretofore there was a Town called Bosphorus in those parts, which gave Name both to the Streights and to the antient People the Bosphori mentioned by Pliny, Strabo, &c. It afterwards changed its name to Panticapaeum, which some believe to be the same with the modern Vospero, a late Bishops See under the Patriarch of Constantinople. § Bosphorus Thracius, otherwise known by the Name of the Canal of the Black Sea and the Streights of Constantinople, is so narrow a passage betwixt Thrace and Asia Minor, that in some Streets at Constantinople they can hear the Cocks crowing upon the Shoars of Asia. Upon this Bosphorus stands Gallipoli, the Dardanells, and the Seven Towers where Prisoners of State are secured. It is now called Bogazin.

Bosra, or Bostra. See Bussereth. § Strabo speaks of another Bosra in Phaenicia.

Bossu, a Town in Hainault near Valencienne, dignified with the Title of an Earldom.

Boston, a Corporation in Lincolnshire, seated on both sides of the River Witham, which is covered by a

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Timber Bridge; the Town stands within 3 Miles of the Sea, and has a very convenient Haven, which in Mr. Camden's time was well Traded; it sends 2 Burgesses to the Parliament. § Also a place in New-England of the same name; well built and peopled. It is indeed the Capital Town of that Plantation.

Bosworth, an antient Market-Town in Leicestershire, upon the River Sence, which a little farther falls into the Anker at Atherston. Near this place Henry Earl of Richmond, Aug. 22. 1485. overthrew in Battle Richard III. and put an end to those long and bloody Wars between the Houses of Lancaster and York. And March 12. 1686. King James II. did this Town the honor to constitute Mr. James Fitz-James his Natural Son, amongst many other great Honors, Baron of Bosworth.

Bothnia, a Province of Sweden upon the Baltick Sea, which gives Name to the Botner Sea or that Branch of the Baltick which lies most West; between which and Lapland this Province lies. Torn is its Capital City.

Bova, a City in the further Calabria in the Kingdom of Naples, with an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Reggio, near the Ocean; betwixt the Cape de Spartivento and Reggio.

Bouchain, Bochonium, Buceinium, a small but strong Town, well fortified, in the Province of Hainault in the Low-Countries upon the River Escaut betwixt Valenciennes and Cambray. It is the Capital of the County of Ostervand, which formerly belong'd mmediately to the eldest Sons of the Earls of Hainault. Taken by the French in 1676. and ever since by them retained.

Boufflers, a Territory contained in the Diocese of Amiens in Picardy in France, upon the River Authie: Remarkable for giving Name to an Ancient and Eminent Family in that Province.

Bouhin, an Island of France between the Coasts of the Provinces of Poictou and Bretaigne, below the Mouth of the Loyre. §. Also a Town in the County of Foretz in the same Kingdom near the River Lignon, which is one of the best Places in Foretz.

Bovines, Boviniacum, a small Town upon the River Maze, in the County of Namur; made famous by a bloody Battle given here by Philip the August, King of France, to Ferdinand Earl of Flanders, who was here taken Prisoner in the Year 1214: Whereupon Philip founded the Abbey of our Lady de la Victoire near Senlis in Commemoration of his Victory. This Town lies 4 Leagues from Namur to the South.

Bovino, Bovinum, is a small City in the Kingdom of Naples in the Capitanata, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Benevento; it stands at the foot of the Apennine near the River Cervaro, six Leagues from Troja to the South, and twelve from Ariano to the South-East.

Bouillon, Bullonium, a small Town and Castle in the Bishoprick of Liege, four Leagues from Masiers to the North, and ten from Namur. The Capital of an ancient Dukedom, which lies between the Dukedom of Luxemburg to the West, and Champagne to the South. This Dukedom was mortgaged to Otb•rt Bishop of Liege, in 1096, by Godfery then Duke of it, after the famous King of Jerusalem; and ever since the Bishops of this Diocese have claim'd a Right to it. But by the Treaty of Nimeguen in 1679, it was agreed, that the Dukes of Bovillon, who are in possession of it, should peaceably enjoy the same; all Differences being referred to honorary Arbitrators; and that the Bishops should in the mean time use no Force against the said Dukes; and so it remains to this day in their Possession.

Boulogne. See Bologne, Bolognese, and Bononia.

Bourbone, Borbonium, a small City of France, the Capital of the Dukedom of Bourbone; bounded on the North with the Province of Niverne, on the East by the Dukedom of Burgundy, on the West with the Province of Berry and Marche, and on the South with Auvergne. The River Allier (Ellaver) cuts this Dukedom into two Parts; and it lies in length from the North-East to the South-West twenty eight Leagues between the Rivers of Loire and Cher. Robert, the fourth Son of Lewis the Ninth King of France, had this Dutchy in Marriage with Agnes of Bourbone, whose descendent after 300 years in the Person of Henry IV. came to the Crown of France in 1590, and his Grandchild Lewis XIV. now enjoys that Throne. The principal City call'd Bourbonne l' Archambault lies 4 Leagues from Moulins, 56 from Paris to the South▪ near the River Allier. This City was erected from a Barony into a Dukedom, by Charles le bel in 1327. And its Castle is reputed a place of great Strength. §. The Island of Bourbon, otherwise call'd Mascarenhi, is an Island under the French ever since the Portugueze lost it to them; in the Aethiopick Ocean to the East of Madagascar, about 25 Leagues in Length and 14 in Breadth. They say there is a Volcano in some part of it; the rest is very fruitful.

Bourbon l' Ancy, a Town and Castle in the Province of Burgogne in France, 7 Leagues from Moulins, and one quarter of a League from the Loyre. It is much in Esteem for Mineral Waters, which are here covered with a Noble Structure of the Ancient Roman Work. This Town was never taken in the Civil Wars. It gives Name to a Territory in the Diocese of Autun, that is parted from the Province of Bourbonnois by the River Loyre.

Boyne, Bouinda, a River in the Province of Leinster in Ireland, which runs hard by Drogheda. where K. James II. and his Army, being about 25000 men encamped on the South side of this River, received the Defeat of Jul. 1. 1690. by K. William in Person: The Duke of Schomberg was killed in the Action.

Burbourg, Burburgus, a Town in the East of Flanders, not above one Mile from Graveling, which was taken by the French in 1657. and has remained ever since in their Hands.

Bourdeaux, [Burdegala,] the Capital of the Province of Guienne, and an Archbishops See; the Seat of one of the Parliaments of France; rich, well built, and populous. It has a noble Haven at the Mouth of the River Garonne, much frequented by the Dutch and English, and all other Northern Nations for Wine, Salt, &c. So that this City is deservedly accounted one of the best in France. It is also built in a very fruitful Soil, and rarely improved by Art and Industry. It gave Birth to Ausonius the Poet, and to Richard II. King of England. It has also a very strong Castle call'd le Chateau Trompette: And was an University in the times of the Romans, which Honor has been reconferred upon it by Charles VII. Eugenius IV. and Lewis XI. since which times it has produced many very learned Men▪ First built by the Galls, improved by the Romans, made the Capital of a Kingdom by the Goths. It fell into the hands of lesser Lords, with the Title of Counts or Earls, after the times of Charles the Great: United with the Dukedom of Guienne in the times of Charles the Bald. Alenora the Daughter and Heir of Lewis VII. of that House, being married first to the King of France, and after to Henry I. of England; this Dukedom was annexed to the Crown of England, and continued so till wrested from them by Charles VII. of France, in the Reign of Henry VI. The French had indeed usurped it before upon King John; but the English were not without hope▪

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of recovering it till this last mentioned time▪ It has given some disturbances to the Reigns of Lewis IX. and XIV. but is now finally brought under, having in 1650. been reduced by force of Arms, and a Siege. There has been many National Councils held here, and some Provincial Synods; it stands about 12 Leagues from the shoars of the Ocean upon the South side of the Garonne, in the most Southern Part of France, in Long▪ 20. 10. and Lat. 44. 50. The antient Inhabitants, by Pliny and Strabo have the Title given them of Bituriges Vivisci, to distinguish them from those of Bourges called Bituriges Cubi.

Borganeuf, a Town in the Province of la Marche in France, upon the little River Taurion; three Leagues from S. Leonard and 5 from Limoges. Some are pleased to include it in Poictou.

Bourgen Bresse, Forum Sebusianorum, Tamnum, Burgus, a City in the County of Bresse in France, upon the River Resousse, 5 Leagues distant from Mascon to the East, and 9 from Lyons to the North: It has been under the Crown of France ever since 1601, when this whole County which before pertained to the Dukedom of Snvoy, was taken in. It had a strong Citadel erected in 1569, which was demolished in 1611. The City is seated in Marshes, and called by some, by mistake, Tanus; adorned with a Bishops See by Pope Leo X in 1521. but this See was suppressed again by Pope Paul III.

Bourg sur Mer, a Town in Guienne, built upon the mouth of the Dordogne [Duranium] where it unites with the Garone, which heretofore was well fortified; it stands 5 Leagues from Bourdeaux to the North.

Le Bourg de Viviers, or the Bourg de S. Andeol, Burgus S. Andeoli; is the most populous Town in the County of Viviers, seated in a Plain upon the River Rhosne, 25 Leagues lower than Lions; antiently called de Gentibus. Here S. Andeolus a Sub-deacon suffered Martyrdom, under Severus the Emperor and from him the Town has its name, as appears by the Registers of this Church.

Bourges, Bituricae, Biturix, Biturgium & Avaricum; is a very great City, and an Archbishops See, the Head of the Dukedom of Berry; seated as it were in the centre of France upon the River Eure, which falls into the Seine above Roan, and naturally a strong Place. It has a noble Cathedral, and an University, famous for the Canon and Civil Laws. The Archbishops enjoyed the Title of Primates of Aquitain from the IX. Century to the time of Pope Clement V. who having been Archbishop of Bourdeaux transferred the Primacy from Bourges thither. Several Councils and Synods have been held here; particularly in 1438. one under Charles VII. recognized the famous Council of Basil, and the Pragmatique Sanction, which continued thence in force, till suppressed by the Concordate betwixt Pope Leo X. and Francis▪ I. in the year 1516. It is 7 Leagues from la Charite to the West, 22 from Orleans to the North. Lewis XI. King of France was born here.

Bourgogne, or Burgundy, Burgundia, a very large Province in France, divided into 2 parts, the one of which is called the Dukedom, and the other the County of Burgundy. The Dukedom of Burgundy hath on the East the Franche County, and Savoy; on the West Bourbonnois, on the North Champagne, and on the South la Bresse, Lionois, and some part of Baujolois. A Country not fruitful in any thing but Wines and fine Rivers. This Dukedom was seized by Lewis II. upon pretence of want of Heirs Males, upon the Slaughter of Charles the Hardy by the Switzers, in 1467 and ever since it has been in the possession of the Crown of France. The County of Burgundy hath on the East the Mountain Jour▪ which parts it from Switzerland; on the West the Dutch▪ of Burgundy; from which it is divided by the S•a•ne on the North, and a Branch of the Mountain Vauge, which divideth it from la Bresse: it is reckoned to be 90 Miles in length, and about 60 in breadth: for the most part Mountainous, but fruitful of Wines▪ and intermixed with pleasant Valleys. The principal City of it is Besanson. The old Inhabitants were the Sequani, a potent Nation▪ In 1674 this County was taken from the Spaniards by the present King of France; and by the Treaty of Nimeguen confirmed to him. See Franche Comtè.

Bourgouin, a small Town in the County of Vi•nnois in the Province of Dauphine in France. A dependent formerly of the Barony of Tour du Pin, and famous for driving a Trade of Hemp.

Bourn, a Market-Town in Lincolnshire in the Hundred of Aveland, upon a Spring called B•rn•••head. King Edmund was Crowned here. It also shows the Ruins of a good Castle.

Bouro, an Island of Asia (by some placed among the Moluccaes) in the Indian Ocean, near the Islands of Cambello and Manipe: under the King of Ternate.

Bouron, Bistonia, a Town in the Province of Romania in the Morea near the Archipelago, with a Lake of the same Appellation, on this side the Mountain Argentaro. This place has sometime been the Seat of a Bishop and is often mentioned by our antient Historians.

Boutan, a Kingdom in the Terra firma of the Indies or according to others in the Great Tartary, towards the Empire of the Grand Mogul, and believed to be the same with Barantola.

Boutonne, V••tonna, a River in France, arising in Poictou; and flowing through Saintonge, (where it divides the Town of S. Jean d' Angel•,) it ends in the River Charente, which conveys it into the Ocean 2 Leagues from Brouage to the North▪ right over against the Island of Oleron.

Bowe, a Market-Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of New Tauton.

Bozagar, Exopolis, a City of Tartary in Asia, a little more East than the Outlets of the River Tanais.

Bozolo, a Principality belonging to the Duke of Mantua, with a small Town betwixt Mantua and Cremona.

Brabant, Brabantia, Ambavariti populi, is one of the most considerable Provinces of the Spanish Netherlands; bounded on the East with Luyekland, or the Bishoprick of Liege; on the West with the River Scheld, and a part of Flanders; on the North with the Maze, which parts it from Holland and Guelderland; and on the South with Hainault, Namur, and a part of L•yckland. This Country is generally fruitful, and the Air good, 22 German Miles long, and 20 broad; and in these narrow Limits it had 26 walled Towns and Cities. Governed by Dukes of its own, from the year 1004, till the year 1430, when it fell to Philip II. Duke of Burgundy; by whose Grandchild, Margaret, (married to Maximilian Emperor of Germany,) it fell to Charles V. King of Spain, and in that House it remains to this day.

Bracciano, Arcennum, Bracennum, Brygianum, Sabata, a City of Italy, in the Dominions of the Church, upon the Lake of Sabato; honored with the Title of a Dukedom; now in the possession of the antient Family of the Ʋrsini. It is a small, but fine City, about 20 Miles from Rome to the West.

Brachmanes, Bramins or Bramans, a famous Sect of Philosophers amongst the Indians, consulted by the greatest Wits of Greece; its thought Pythagoras received his Doctrine of the Transmigration of Souls amongst them. They professed the study

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of Nature and Astronomy and Morality; and placed their Happiness in the Contempt of Wealth. The Bramans, who are the Priests of the modern Banjans, inherit their Esteem with the People: For they teach their Schools, live austerely, are considered as Oracles in the Affairs of Religion; and as to the Pointof a Metampsyhosis, they are equally Pythagoreans with their Ancestors.

Brackley, a Market-Town in Nottinghamshire in the Hundred of Sutton, which returns 2 Members to the Parliament. It stands near the Spring of the River Ouse, and formerly had a College, which is since become a School.

Braclaw, Braclavia, a Town in the Province of Podolia in the Kingdom of Poland upon the River Bug, and towards the Confines of Volhinia. It is also written Bratzlaw.

Bradano, Brada, a River in the Basilicata, in the Kingdom of Naples, which ariseth from the Apennine, and falls into the Gulph of Tarento, eighteen Miles from Tarento to the West.

Bradfield Magna, a Market-Town in Essex in the Hundred of Freshwell.

Bradford, a Market-Town in Wiltshire. The Capital of its Hundred, upon the Avon.

Bradforth, a Market-Town in the West-Riding of Yorkshire in the Hundred of Morley near the fall of a small Stream into the Are.

Brading, a Market-Town in the Isle of Wight, in the Hundred of E. Medine.

Bradninch, a Market-Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of Heyrudge.

Braga, Augusta Bracarum, Bracara, Braecara, a City and Archbishoprick of Portugal, call'd Bragues by the French, in the Province of Antredoureo Minho; it stands upon the South Side of the River Morillo, four Leagues from the Ocean, eight Miles from Porto to the North, and almost fifty from Lisbon to the same quarter. The Archbishop of this City pretends, no less than the Archbishop of Toledo, to the Primacy of all Spain. This was the Seat of the Kings of the Sueves for an hundred and seventy Years, and is now of great Circumference, but not equally populous.

Braganza, Bragantia, Caeliobrigia, Tuntebriga, a City in the Kingdom of Portugal, which is honored with the Title of a Dukedom: It lies in the Confines of the Kingdom of Leon and Portugal, in the Province of Sera de Rebodaos; 7 Miles from Miranda to the North, and 25 from Braga to the East. John Duke of Braganza sirnamed the Fortunate being descended from the Kings of Portugal, in 1640, recovered that Kingdom out of the Hands of the Spaniards, and his Son now enjoys it.

Braintry, a Market-Town in Essex in the hundred of Hinckford.

Brampour, a large Town in the Province of Candis in the Empire of the Grand Mogul; and the second Government of Quality in that Empire. Adorn'd with a magnificent Castle, where the Governor of the Province resides. It is a place also of extraordinary Trade.

Brampton, a Market-Town in Cumberland in Eskdale Ward.

Brandenburg, Brandeburgum, Brennoburgum, is a very ancient City in the Upper Saxony in Germany: It stands in the middle March upon the North side of the River Havel, which falls into the Albis. This is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Meydburg: the See was erected by Otho the Great, Emperor of Germany, in 946. The City embrac'd the Augustane Confession in 1563. It lies in Long. 35. 00. and Lat. 52. 39. The Marquisate of Brandenburg is bounded on the East by the Kingdom of Poland, on the West with the Dukedom of Saxony, on the North with Pomerania, and part of Mecklenburg, and on the South with Misnia, Lusatia, and Silesia: In Length from East to West sixty German Miles, and of a proportionable Breadth: In it there are fifty five Cities and Wall'd Towns; the chief of which are Brandenburg and Berlin. But it is neither very populous, nor very fruitful, except in Corn. The Prince is a Calvinist, and his Subjects Lutherans. He is one of the Electors, created in 1415. by Sigismund the Emperor. § Brandenburg Brunsberg; see Brunsberg. § Brandenburg Island, or the Island of Vulcan, Insula Vulcani, so called because it sometimes burns and vomits Fire like Aetna, is an Island in the Indian Ocean, towards the Eastern Coast of New-Guiney.

Brandon, a Market-Town in the County of Suffolk, upon the lesser Ouse, 5 Miles West of Thetford, and ten North of Bury. Charles Gorard Earl of Macclesfield in Cheshire was created Viscount of this Place, July 23. 1679. by Charles II.

Brantosme, Brantosma, an Abbey and Town in the County of Perigord in France, upon the River Droune, which there receives the Colle. Supposed to be founded by Charles M.

Braskow, Brascovia, a City and Bishops See in the Province of VValachia in the Kingdom of Hungary, towards the Frontiers of Moldavia and Transilvania.

Brasil, Brasilia, is a vast Country of the Southern America, bounded on the East with the Atlantick Ocean; on the West with some undiscovered Countries lying between it and the Andes; on the North with Guiana, and on the South with Paraguay. It reaches from 29. to 39 Deg. of Southern Latitude, and it is 500 Miles in Breadth; under the Dominion of the Portugueses, ever since the Year 1503. though the Spaniards claim it.

Brassaw, a Town in the Province of Lithuania in the Kingdom of Poland, with a good Castle: It stands below the River Wilna towards the Frontiers of Curland and Livonia. It is the Capital of a Palatinate.

Brassaw, the same with Cronstat.

Brava, a City upon the Coast of Ajan in Africa; well built and fortified: Govern'd by the Laws of 12 Xeques or (Princes) in the Nature of a Republick, being the only Government of that sort in this Quarter of the World. The Xeques are elected out of the Descendents of the 9 Brothers, who fled hither out of Arabia Felix, from the Persecution of the King of Lacah.

Bray sur Seine, a small Town in the Province of Champagne in France, betwixt Nogent and Montereau fant-Yonne: remark'd with the Title of a Dukedom. §. Bray sur Somme, a Town in Picardy in France betwixt Perone and Amiens. Bought of the Chatelain of Ponthieu, by Philip the August, in 1210.

Brayne, a Town in Champagne in France, upon the River Vesle, betwixt Soisons and Fisines. Some pretend it is the Bibrax of Cesar.

Brazza, Labraza, or Baac, Brattia, is an Island of the Adriatick Sea, upon the Coast of Dalmatia, under the Venetians. It is near the Island of Lesina, and takes its Name from a Town that stands in it.

Brechin, a City in the County of Angus in Scotland; adorn'd with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of S. Andrews. About 5 or 6 Leagues from the Ocean. In Latin called Brechinium. §. Also a Town and Fortress in the Kingdom of Bohemia in Germany, upon the River Laucntz, near Tabor.

Brecknock, Brechinia, is one of the twelve Shires in the Principality of Wales: On the East it is bounded with Herefordshire, on the South with Monmouth and Glamorganshire; on the West with Caermarthenshire, and on the North with Radnorshire. The chief Town is Brecknock, seated upon the North side of the Ʋsk, where the River Honthy or Hodney from

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the North, and two other small Brooks from the South augment its Streams. It stands twelve Miles West of Abergevenny; and elects one Member of Parliament. This County is thick set with high Mountains, but fruitful Valleys lie between them. Bernard Newmarch, who conquered this small Shire, built at Brecknock a Castle, which the Bohuns afterwards repaired. The most Loyal and Noble James Butler, Duke of Ormond, was created Earl of Brecknock, July 20. 1660. by Charles II.

Breda, [Breda,] a City in the United Provinces in the Dukedom of Brabant, upon the River Merca, Merck, under the Prince of Orange. A little, but a strong Place, and the Capital of a small Barony; taken from the Hollanders by the Marquess of Spinola in 1625. after a Siege of 10 Months: taken from the Spaniards in 1637. and though it has been twice besieged by them, yet they never could retake it. At this place K. Charles II. continued some time in 1660. and receiv'd the welcome News of his Restitution. And in 1667. after a bloody War of three Years continuance, here was a Peace concluded between the English and Dutch. It lies eight Leagues from Antwerp to the North.

Brederode, a Castle near Harlem in Holland, giving its Name to an antient Family.

Bregentz, a Town in the Circle of Schwaben in Germany upon a River so named. It sustains the Title of an Earldom.

Brefort, Bredefort, or Bredervoerde, a Town in the County of Zutphen in Guelderland, in a marshy Place, strengthned with a Castle, near a Canal which joyns the Issel, two Leagues from Grol and Aanholt. The Prince of Orange took it by Storm in 1597.

Brema, a City and Kingdom beyond the Ganges in the East-Indies towards the States of Pegu. It is a rich Country and makes a puissant Prince, who resides either at Brema or Carpa.

Brembo, a River in the Bergamasco in Italy, giving Name to the Valley of Brembo. It springs about the Frontiers of the Valtoline, and embraces the Adda a little below Bergamo.

Bremefurde, a Town in the Dutchy of Bremen in the lower Circle of Saxony. The ordinary Residence of the Governor of that Dutchy under the King of Sweden.

Bremen, Brema, is a very potent City in the lower Circle of Saxony in Germany; made more renowned by an Archbishops See, instead of Hamburg. It stands upon the River Wiser, [Visurgis;] a Free Town, and under no Prince; with a small Territory about it, call'd Stift van Bremen. Tho the Swedes have many Pretences upon this Place, on the Account of the Dukedom of Bremen, yet they still maintain their Freedom. The Archbishops have embraced the Augustane Confession ever since 1585. This City was declar'd an Imperial Free City by Ferdinando III. Anno 1646. It stands 12 German Miles from Hamburg to the South-West. In Long. 40. 17. and Lat. 53. 25. First Wall'd in 1309. The Archbishop never had any Sovereignty here. This Town was besieged by the Swedes in 1666. forty six Days, and at last rescu'd by the Interposition of the German Princes. The Dukedom of Bremen, which belonged heretofore to the Archbishop, was in 1648. yielded to the Swedes. It has the River Albis or the Elb, to the North, the Weser to the South, the Dukedom of Lunenburg to the East, and on the West the Dukedom of Oldenburg.

Bremgarten, Bremocartum, a Bailywick in Switzerland, belonging to eight of the antient Cantons. Bullinger the Apocalyptick Minister was born here.

Brene, or Breine-Aleu, a small Town in Brabant in the Low-Countries, with a Castle; 2 or 3 Leagues from Brussels.

Brene-le-Comte, a little Town in Hainault near Mons.

Brene sur le Vesle. See Brayne. §. Also a District within the Province of Touraine in France in the Diocese of Bourges. Gregory of Tours was accused in a Council here in 581. or 83. for saying, that Queen Fredegonde had secret commerce with the Archbishop of Bourdeaux: but he was acquitted.

Brenta, Brentesia, a River in the Dominion of the States of Venice in Italy.

Brent, a Market-Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of Stanborough.

Brentford the New, a Market-Town in Middle-sex in the Hundred of Elthorn, so called from the River Brent, which falls into the Thames betwixt Henden and Hampsted Hills. King Edgar assembled a Council here in 960. In 1016. King Edmund Ironfide obtained a Victory over the Danes at this Place, which obliged them to raise the Siege of London. And 1644. It was advanc'd to the Honour of an Earldom in the Person of Patrick Ruthen Earl of Forth in Scotland, by King Charles I.

Brescia, Brixia, call'd by the French Bresse, by the Spaniards Brexa, is a City in the Venetian Territories in Italy, which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Milan, aggrandized with the Title of a Duke, Marquess, and Earl. The Capital of the County of Bresciano, a large well fortified Place, and has a very strong Castle upon a near Hill. It lies between the Rivers of Gorza and Mela, in a Plain 15 Miles from the Lake of Benaco to the West, and 50 from Milan to the South-East; built by the Senones, and was once under the Dukes of Milan, before it sell into the hands of the Venetians. The County of Brescio has Verona to the East, Bergamo to the West, Cremona to the South, and the Valtoline and the County of Tirol to the North. It is a great and fruitful Country.

Breslaw, Budorgis, Ʋratislavia Budorigum, call'd by the Poles wroclaw, is the Capital City of Silesia, and of the Dukedom of Breslaw. A Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Gnisen in Poland; great and well built, and once a Free and Imperial City; but it was afterwards exempted from the Empire, and is now a kind of Free-State: It stands on the River Oder, towards the Confines of Poland. Made a Bishop's See in 1033. About the Year 1000. it was built by Miceslaus, Duke of Poland; the Cathedral Church was built by Casimirus King of Poland, in 1041. Near this place Boleslaus King of Poland was overthrown by Henry V. and forc'd to take an Oath of Allegiance. This City lies 35 Miles from Cracow, and 40 from Berlin.

Bresle, a small River near Calais in France.

Bresne, a small River near Tours in France.

Bresse, Bressia, Sebusiani Populi, is a Province of France, bounded on the East by Savoy on the West, with Lionois, on the North with Charolois in the Dutchy of Burgundy and some part of the Franche County, and on the South with Dauphine. It is a pleasant and fruitful Country, and lies between the Soasne and the Rhone. Bèllay and Bourg are its chief Towns. It belong'd from the Year 1285. to the Dukes of Savoy, till 1600. when it was surrendred to Henry IV. of France, in lieu of Saluzzes, a Marquisate in Italy.

Brest, Brivates, a very good Sea-Port in the Dukedom of Bretagne in France, which as Scaliger saith, was call'd Gesocribate by Ptolomy. It lies on the most Western Coast of Bretagne, about 50 Leagues from Nantes to the North-West. This is the Magazine of the Admiralty of France; situated upon the Ascent of a Hill, and secured with New and Noble Fortifications both to the Sea and Land. The Sea enters into the Gulph

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of Brest by 4 Ways, and the Vessels there are always afloat. §. Also a Town in the Province of Cujavia in the Kingdom of Poland with a Castle well built in a Marshy Place near Vlaldislaw and the Vistula. Here, in the Years 1595. and 1620. two Councils were assembled for the Union of the Greek Church of Lithuania with the Latin. §. The same Name is given to a French Colony in New-France in America.

Brescici, Bressicia, call'd by the French Briescio, is a small City in Lithuania, the Capital of a Palatinate of the same Name: It lies between Lithuania, Russia, and Polachia, upon the Bug; and has a tolerable good Castle.

Bresuire, a small City in France, in Poictou; 3 Leagues from Parthenay, and as many from Thuray.

Bretagne, Armorica, Britannia Minor, is a Province of France, 70 Leagues long, and betwixt 35 and 40 broad; containing 9 Bishopricks who are all Suffragans to the Archbishop of Tours. In three of these, that is, Cornouaille, S. Paul de Leon, and Figuier, the Inhabitants entirely speak Briton, a Language the same in abundance of words with the Welsh: in the other three (to wit) Nantes, Vennes, and S. Brieux, they speak Briton and French mix'd; yet the most ordinary Sort, only Briton: in the rest, they speak all French. It is bounded on the East with Normandy, and the County of Maine; on all other sides with the English Seas; upon the South side it has the Loire, which divides it from Anjou; but yet the County of Raiz, which belongs to Bretagne; lies on the South side of that River, between it and Poictou. The Britains were first brought hither from England by Maximus, in 389. To which a great Accession was made by the driving out the Britains by the Saxons. They erected a Kingdom here in 485. (I suppose after the coming of the second Saxon Colonies) which lasted till 874. when a lesser Title was taken up with the same Power; which continued till 1498. under 28 Dukes; when Lewis XII. married Anne the Daughter of Francis II. the last Duke of Bretagne, who, in 1484. had been married to Charles VIII, K. of France before. Francis I. of France, succeeded in the Right of Claude his Wife; whose Issue failing, the Right fell to the Duke of Savoy, but the French kept the Possession. §. New Bretagne, a Province of New-France in America, upon the Gulph of S. Lawrence: Its Settlements are call'd Brest, Belle Isle, &c.

Brewood, a Market-Town in Staffordshire, in the Hundred of Cudleston. The Bishops of this Diocese had their Palace here before the Conquest.

Bretevil, a Town in High Normandy in France upon the River Iton.

Brianzon, a City in the Dalphinate, supposed to be one of the highest in the World. It is the Capital of the Bailywick of Brainzonnois; in Ptolomy call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, in Antoninus Brigantium, in Am. Marcellinus Virgantia. The Dure and the Ance (the two Sources of the Durance) unite below it. The Castle stands upon the top of a Rock, and is very strong. Yet taken from the Leaguers by the Duke de Lesdiguieres in 1590. §. Likewise a Village in Provence, in the Diocese of Glandeves, where they find Numbers of Medals with Inscriptions. §. And a Castle in the Territory of Tarantaise in Savoy, upon the River Isere; about 1 League below Moutiers; with a Village of the same Name. These two last mentioned Brianzon's are also call'd in Diminution Brianzonnet.

Briare, a Town in the Dutchy of Orleans, upon the River Loire, where the Channel is cut for the Communication of the Loire and the River Seine. In 1652. a Battle was fought here betwixt the Army of the King of France, and that of the Princes. The New Channel takes the same Name: in Latin, Brivodurum, and Breviodurus.

Bricquia, a Province in the lesser Asia, formerly called Licia.

Bridgend, a Market-Town in Glamorganshire in Wales, in the Hundred of New-Castle.

Bridge-North, a Market-Town in Shropshire in the Hundred of Stottesdon upon the Severn. Heretofore fortified; since demolished.

Bridlingtou, or Burlington, a small Town in the County of York, where Mary Queen of England Landing from Holland, February, 22. 1642. was most barbarously treated by 4 Parliament Ships, which a great while plaid with their Cannon on the Town, and especially on that House in which the Queen was entertained.

Bridge-Water, a Corporation in Somersetshire, upon the South side of the River Parret, which about five Miles further falls into the Irish Sea; 13 Miles from Wells to the West, and 23 from Bristol to the South-West. It was a great and a populous Town, as Mr. Camden saith; but suffered very much in the old Rebellion by the Scots, July, 23. 1645. And on Sunday, July 5. 1685. the late Duke of Monmouth, Natural Son to Charles II. of ever blessed Memory, was entirely defeated (being then in Rebellion against K. James II.) upon a Moor near this place, by the Providence of God, and the Courage of the Earl of Feversham; who the same day marched to Bridge-Water, the Rebels having before his coming deserted it, and dispers'd themselves. The greatest Honor this Town has, is to give the Title of an Earl to the Right Honourable John Egerton, whose Father was created Earl of Bridge-VVater, May 17. 1617. in the 5th. Year of James I. being the Son and Heir of Thomas Egerton, Lord Chancellor of England, who was created Baron of Ellesmere in 1603, and Viscount Brackley in 1616.

Bridport, a Market-Town in Dorsetshire. The Capital of its Hundred; 2 Miles from the Sea, to which it had formerly a very good Haven. This Town was famous in the time of K. Edward the Confessour. It sends 2 Burgesses to the Parliament.

Brie, a Country, part within the Government of the Isle of France, and part in the Province of Champagne, betwixt the Rivers Seine and Marne. Meaux sur Marne is the Capital Town of it. It is very fruitful. In Latin call'd Bria, Brigeium, and Brigiensis saltus.

Brie-Compte-Robert, a Town in the Country precedent, upon the River Iere; four or five Leagues from Paris.

Brieg, Brega, a Town upon the Oder in Silesia in Germany, betwixt Oppelen and Breslaw. The same is the Capital of the Dutchy of Brieg.

Brienne, a small Town in Champagne in France, upon the River Aube; with the Title of an Earldom; near Troyes, between Bar-sur-Aube and Planci. This Place gives Name to the antient House of Brienne.

Brighthelmston, a Market-Town in Sussex in Lewis-Rape by the Sea Side.

Brignoville, Brinnonia, Brinnola, a Town and Bailywick in Provence in France, near the River Caramie: Understood by some, to be the Forum Veconii; by others, the Matavonium of the Antients. Charles V. the Emperor, took it in 1536. The Leaguers surprized it in 1589.

Brille, or Briel, a Town and Port of Holland, in a good Soil, but a gross Air, at the Confluence of the Rhine and the Meuse, in a small Island of this Name. It was surprized by the Dutch, in 1572. by the help of the Succors obtained from Queen Elizabeth: And this Action was as the first Foundation of the Commonwealth of Holland.

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Brin, Eburum, Arsicua, Brinum, Brina, a City of Moravia, seated upon the River Zwitta, where it falls into that of Swarta, 7 German Miles South of Olmitz. This was the only place which in 1645. and 1646. held out for the Emperour against the Swedes in all Moravia, when being besieg'd it broke the Swedish Army, and forc'd them to rise: call'd by some Bruna; written Brenne also.

Brindisi, Brundusium, is an Archiepiscopal City in the Kingdom of Naples, which has a strong Castle, and a safe Harbour at the mouth of the Gulph of Venice: 36 Miles from Tarento to the East. Pompey retired hither after his overthrow, in the Year of Rome 705. and was obliged to leave the place again, because Caesar pursued him. In the Year 735. the incomparable Virgil died here; that is, about 19 years before the coming of our Saviour. It has been several times ruin'd and repair'd.

Brioude, Brivas, Vicus Briatensis, a great and antient Town in the Province of Auvergne in France, upon the Allier. The Emperour Avitus was buried in the Church of S. Julianus here: The Chapter takes the Title of Earls of Brioude, being in the first institution Knights Confederated to make War against the Normans in the Year 898. § 2 Leagues from this place, stands Brioude la Vieille, upon the same River; where there is a Bridge to cover it, compos'd of one Arch, so extraordinary long and high, as scarce to have its parallel in Europe.

Briqueras or Briquerasco, Briquerascum, a considerable Town in the Principality of Piedmont, 4 or 5 Leagues from Pignerol, with a Castle. Taken by the Sieur de Lesdiguieres in 1592. and retaken by Charles Emanuel Duke of Savoy, in 1594. Also famous in the Wars of Piedmont in the years 1629. 30. and 31.

Brisach, Brisacus Mons, a City with a very strong Castle, in the Territory of Brisgow in Alsatia, with a Stone Bridge upon the Rhine; 6 German Miles from Basil to the North, and 7 from Strasburg, and a from Colmar. It was a Free Imperial City till 1330. when it was exempted, and given to the House of Austria; call'd therefore the Key of Germany, the Cittadel of Alsatia, and the Pillow on which the House of Austria slept with security. In 1633. Gustavus Horne, a Swede, besieg'd it vain: but in 1638. it was taken by the French, under the command of the Duke of Weimar; who are still in Possession of it; their Title being confirm'd by the Treaty of Westphalia, or Munster, in 1648. and afterwards by the Treaty of the Pirenees, in 1659.

Brisag, or Brisiaco, a Town under the Grisons, upon the Lake Majour in Italy; between Locarna, Canobia, and Domo.

Brisgow, Brisgovia, is a Province of Germany, lying on the East of the Rhine, and the West of Wirtenburg, and on the South clos'd with the Canton of Basil. The principal place is Friburg. This Province is in part under the House of Austria, and in part under the French; Brisach (which was once its Capital) being under the latter; but the greatest part under the former. The Prince of Conde obtain'd a Victory here in 1644. when General Merci was kill'd.

Brissach, a Town in the Province of Anjou in France, upon the River Aubance, below Saumur. It gives the Title of a Duke.

Bristoll, Bristolium, Venta Belgarum, Venta Silurum, is a noble City in the County of Somerset, upon the River Avon, which runs through the midst of it; and so part of it stands in Glocestershire; but then it is a County of itself, and belongs to neither of them. It is a neat, strong, clean, populous, rich, well traded City; and after London and York▪ the Third principal Place of England; the Inhabitants of this City Trading into all parts of America, and most other parts of the World: tho no where nam'd before the Year 1063. Robert Bishop of Constance, a Seditious Man, first Wall'd it, in the Reign of William Rufus against that King. It has a Stone Bridge, with Houses built on both sides of it over the River. And also a Castle, in which King Stephen was kept a Prisoner some time, after he had in vain besieg'd it. The Bishops See was Founded by Henry VIII. and made Suffragan to the Archbishop of Canterbury. In the beginning of the Rebellions against Charles I. it sided with the Parliament, and was on that account besieg'd by Prince Rupert, July 24. 1643. who took it in two days; under whom it continued till September 10. 1645. when it was surrendred to Fairfax the Parliaments General. It was preserved from falling into the hands of the late Duke of Monmouth, by the Vigilance of the Duke of Beaufort, who was Lord Lieutenant of this City and its County.

Britain. See England.

New Britain, a Country in the Northern America, between Hudson's Bay and New France; discover'd, nam'd, and possess'd, by the English. Formerly call'd Estoiteland. See Estoiteland.

British Sea, Mare Britannicum, by the French call'd la Manche, is the known Sea betwixt England and France: Extending, according to Pomponius Mela, to the Islands of Sain and Osismiens; that is, to the Diocese of Treguier in Bretagne.

Brive-la-Gaillarde, Briva Curretia, a Town in the Province of Limosin in France, upon the River Coureze: 2 or 3 Leagues from Tulles. Gombaud Ballomer, natural Son to Clotaire I. King of France, was here Crown'd, after the death of Chilperick I. Not a large Place, but situated to its commendation.

Brixen, Brixinio, an Episcopal City in the County of Tirol in Germany, under the Archbishop of Saltzburg. Heretofore a Free Imperial City; but now exempted. It lies at the Foot of the Mountain Bruneck▪ upon the River Eysach, where it receives another River call'd the Riencz, not far from Siben, a ruin'd City, out of which it sprang. It lies not above 2 Miles from the Confines of the Dominions of the State of Venice, and 13 from Trent. In the year 1080. the Emperour Henry IV. presided over a Council here of 30 Bishops of his Party; who all subscribing to his resentments, of the Excommunication and Degradation pronounced against him by Pope Gregory VII. deposed the said Pope, elected Guibert Archbishop of Ravenna (who took the Name of Clement III.) to succeed him in the Chair of Rome, and Voted that the Emperour should carry his Arms into Italy to put their Decrees in execution.

Brocalo, a Kingdom of Nigritia in Africa.

Brockersberg, a Mountain between Thuringen and Franconia.

Brockmerlandt, a Territory in Friseland.

Brod, a small Town in Bosnia upon the Save; famous for the Victory which Prince Louis of Baden obtain'd near it over the Bassa of Bosnia, Sept. 5. 1688. whereby the Turks, pro illa vice, lost that whole Country.

Broitzchia, a Town in the Kingdom of Guzurate in the hither East-Indies, 12 Leagues from Surate: under the great Mogul.

Bromley, a Market-Town in Kent, in Sutton Lath, upon the River Ravensburn. Here there is a College for 20 Clergymen's poor Widows, founded by Dr. Warner. The Seat of the Bishop of Rochester stands by it.

Bromley Abbots, a Market-Town in Staffordshire in the Hundred of Pirehill.

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Bromes-Grove, a Market-Town in Worcestershire in the Hundred of Halfshire upon the Banks of the River Salwarp.

Bromyard, a Market-Town in Herefordshire in the Hundred of Brocash.

Bronchorst, a Town in the Province of Guelderland upon the Issel, very near Zutphen. It gives the Title of an Earl.

Bronsbroo, Bronsbroa, a Town of the Kingdom of Sweden, in the Province of Ostrogothia: where the Crowns of Sweden and Denmark held a Treaty of Peace in the Year 1645.

Brough, a Market-Town in VVestmorland, in East Ward.

Broughton, a Market-Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Loynsdale.

Brouage, one of the fairest and strongest Forts in all France, in Xaintonge, not far from Burdeaux.

Brower, a Name given by Brower a Dutchman to the Streights discovered by him in 1643. towards the Island of Statenland in the Sea of Magellan in America.

Browershaven, a Town and Port in the Island of Schowen in Zeland, • Leagues from Ziriczee. Rich and Populous.

Bruca, Pantagia, a River of Sicily.

Brucomat, Brucomagus, a Town in Alsatia

Bruges, Bruga, a City in Flanders, call'd by the Dutch Brugg, which was made a Bishops See by Paul IV. under the Archbishop of Mechlin; a large, beautiful, well traded Town, and has its name from the multitude of Bridges in it; being seated on a knot of Dikes, 8 Miles from Gant to the West, and 3 from Ostend to the East. This is under the Spaniards, and is one of the best they have left: being 4 Miles in Circuit, wonderfully well Peopled, and once exceeding rich. They reckon 60 handsom Churches in it.

Brugneto, Brunetum, a City in the State of Genoua, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Genoua, at the Foot of the Apennine, 50 Miles from Genoua to the East; of little compass, thinly inhabited, and ill built.

Bruno, Prilis, a Lake and small River in the Territories belonging to Siena, once a Commonwealth in Italy, now a part of the Dukedom of Florence; 8 Miles from the City of Grosseto to the South-West.

Brunsberg, Brunsberga, is a Royal City belonging to the Kingdom of Poland in Prusia, but some years since mortgag'd to the Duke of Brandenburg: seated upon the great Bay call'd Frish Haff, on the West side of the River Passerg, 8 Miles from Margenberg to the East, and the same distance from Koningsperg to the West.

Brunsbuttel, a small Town in the Dukedom of Holstein in Germany, towards the Mouth of the Elb, under the King of Denmark; 2 or 3 Leagues from Glukstat.

Brunswick, Brunopolis, Brunonis Vicus, is a City and Dukedom in Germany: the Dukedom is a part of the Dukedom of Saxony, bounded on the East with the Earldom of Mansfield, on the West with Westphalia, on the North with Lunenburgh, and on the South with Hassia. This Dukedom takes its name from Brunswick, the principal City in it, which lies upon the River Onacra and was a Free Imperial City or Hanse Town, the Metropolis of the antient Saxony: a rich, strong, populous City, or rather five Cities under one Law, and within one Wall, which is 8 English Miles in compass: built by Bruno Duke of Saxony, in 861. and from him it had its name. It fell into the hands of the Duke in 1671. and is now under their Dominion; it has a Castle lately built, and well fortified, since which time it is much decay'd. This City embrac'd the Reformation in 1522. and Professeth the Augustan Confession, as all the rest of that Dukedom doth. It lies 20 Miles from Hamburg to the North, upon the River Oker.

Brussel, Bruxella, the chief City and Seat of the antient Dukes of Brabant, and after that of the Dukes of Burgundy, as it is at this day the Residence of the Spanish Governour of Flanders: seated upon the Sinne, and other Springs and Rivers, which make it one of the sweetest Situations in Europe; 8 Leagues from Antwerp to the South, and 4 from Lovaine; being partly in a Plain, and partly on a Hill. In the Cathedral Church of S. Gedulle they pretend to have an Host, stabb'd sometime by a Jew in indignation at the supposed presence of the Body of Christ, which shed Blood out of the Wound; and the Jew (they say) immediately was struck with death: Whereas the Life and Conversion of the Man had been a greater Proof of the miracle. In Long. 25. 6. and Lat. 50. 50. § There is another small City of the same name in Germany, in the Bishoprick of Spire.

Brutij, an antient People of Italy, descended originally from the Lacedaemonians. They were distinguish'd into Cismontani and Tramontani, possessing that part of Italy which we now call the further Calabria. In the second Punick War they ran over to Hannibal; whereby they lost their Reputation to that degree amongst the Romans, that they could never afterwards get to be employ'd but in servilities, and even their name became a Proverb for a despicable Generation of People, living continually in meanness and shame.

Bruton, a Market▪ Town in Somersetshire, the capital of its Hundred, upon the River Brue. The Lord Fitzharding has a noble Seat here.

Bua, otherwise call'd Chiovo, is an Island of Dalmatia near Spalatro, under the Venetians. It is very near to the Island of Troghir.

Bucephala, Alexandria Bucephalos, a Town in the Indies, built by Alexander M. in honor of his Horse. It is mentioned by Q. Curtius. The Moderns suppose that it is the same with Lahor now. See Lahor.

Buchs, a small Principality within the Territory of Burgundy in France, near Medoc; belonging to the House of Foix and Candale.

Buckenham the New, a Market-Town in Norfolk in the Hundred of Shropham.

Buckenburgh, a small Town in Westphalia in Germany, where the Counts of Lippe-Buckenburgh (taking their Style from hence) have a Palace.

Buckinghamshire, Buckinghamia, is divided on the South from Berkshire by the Thames, on the North it hath Northamptonshire and Bedfordshire; on the West Oxfordshire; and on the East Hertfordshire and Middlesex; a County very Fruitful, and chiefly employed in Grazing. The first Earl of this County was Walter Giffard, a great Man amongst the Normans, whose Son Walter died in 1164. In 1377. Richard II. conferred this Title upon his Uncle Thomas of Woodstock. Humfry Earl of Stafford was the first created Duke of Buckingham in 1444. Edward, the last of this Race, was Beheaded in the Reign of Henry VIII. in 1521. After which this Title lay vacant till 1623. when James I. created George Viscount Villiers, Duke of Buckingham; his Son George succeeded him, who died April 16. 1687. without Issue, and left the Title vacant. On the North of the River Ouse, in the North-west part of the County, stands the Town of Buckingham, which gives Name to the whole County. It was Wall'd before the Conquest in 915. by Edward the Elder, to secure it against the Danes: in after times there was a Castle built here, which is now intirely ruin'd; the Town stands upon a low ground, very commodious for Mills, and incircled by the River on all sides but the North. And it is a Corporation, and sends Two Burgesses to the Parliament.

Bnckor, a Town and Kingdom in the States of the Great Mogul in the East-Indies. The former stands upon the River Indus; the other is bounded by the Kingdoms of Tattan to the South, Multan to the North, Hajacen and Persia to the West, and Jesselmere to the East.

Buda, Buda Heraclia, Aquinum, is the Capital of the Kingdom of Hungary: call'd by the Turks Budun, by the Germans Offen, by the French Bude, and by the Italians Buda. Heretofore a very great and rich City, till it fell into the hands of the Turks, who ruin'd most of its stately Houses and Palaces: it lies on the West side of the Danube, over against Pest, which is joyn'd to it by a Bridge of Boats: and is divided into two parts, the Upper and Lower; between which there is the distance of a Mile: the Lower Town is weak; but the upper Town is by Nature one of the strongest Forts in the World, and has a very strong Castle on the West side: said to be built by one Buda, the Brother of Attila King of the Huns, and from him to have its Name. In 1279. there was a Council held here under Pope Nicolas III. and Ladislaus III. King of Hungary. It was much improved by Sigismund King of Hungary about the Year 1387. and adorned with many stately Buildings; amongst the rest with a Castle, where at first the Kings and afterwards the Turkish Visiers resided; which was so strong, that it was thought Impregnable. The Successors of this Prince augmented this City, and strengthened it with new Fortisications. Solyman II. Emperor of the Turks took it first in 1526. Ferdinand the Arch-Duke of Austria, retook it the next Year after. In 1529 Solyman retook it again, after the Garrison had stood eleven Aslaults; and restored it to the Weywood of Transilvania, who had lost it before. Ferdinando in 1540. or 1541. attacked it again, when Solyman coming the third time to relieve it, raised the Siege, and made himself Master of the place by a Stratagem and Surprise. In 1598. Matthias the Arch-Duke again besieged it, and after in 1601. again, but with no Success. In 1684. the Duke of Lorrain sat before it from July 14. to November 1. but was forced to rise and leave it: this brave General in 1686. reinvested it June 15. and after a bloody defence made by the Governor, took it by storm September 2. following; though the Grand Visier stood and looked on with an Army of 50000 Men, and was no way able to help him. In the lower Town there is a Hot and a Cold Bath, both adorned very much by the Turks, who are great lovers of Baths: it lies 49 German Miles from Belgrade to the North, 54 from Vienna to the South. Long. 42. 15. Lat. 47. 7. The Imperialists found in it 400 Peices of Artillery, a Treasure of above 300000 Ducats, and the antient Library of the Kings of Hungary, augmented by Matthias Corvinus, entire; which last was ordered to be transported to Vienna.

Buddesdalc, a Market-Town in Suffolk in the Hundred of Hartesmere. Here there is a Grammar School endowed with certain Scholarships assigned to Cambridge.

Budoa, Butua, a City of Dalmatia, upon the shoars of the Adriatick Sea, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Antivari: well Fortified, under the Dominion of the Venetians, but it is small; and has been severely handled by the Turks, who took it in 1571. and were obliged soon after to return it to the Venetians again. In 1667. it was almost ruined by an Earthquake. This City lies ten Miles from Antivary to the West, between the Gulph of Cattaro, and that of Lodrin, in Long. 43. 30. Lat. 42. 23.

Budziack, more antiently called Bessarabia, which see.

Buhiera, Arapotes, Maria, Marcotis, a Lake in Egypt.

Buenos Aytes, or Civitad de la Trinidad, a City and an Episcopal See in the Province of Paraguay upon the River Plata in the West-Indies, whither the King of Spain was perswaded to bring his Silver from Potosi; but found it not convenient, by reason of the Vicinity of the Portugals in Brasil.

Bugen, a Town and Kingdom in the Island of Ximo, belonging to Japan.

Bugey, a small Country in France, betwixt the Rhosne and the Ains. The former separates it from Savoy and Dauphine, the other from Bresse and Burgundy. In length 16 Leagues, and about 10 in breadth: the Capital Town of it is Belley. This Country belonged to the Sovereigns of Bresse, till the Year 1621. that it submitted to the Crown of France.

Bugia, a City and Province in Barbary in the old Kingdom of Algiers. The latter extends itself along the Sea Coast, betwixt the River Sufegmar to the East, the River Major to the West, and the Mountains to the South: the other stands upon the Mouth of the Major with a good Port, and was heretofore a Bishops See; they now reckon about 8000 Houses in it. It is the Salda or Saldae of the Antients. In 1508▪ the Spaniards took it, but the Turks soon after removed them. § Also a Town upon the Nile in Nubia in Africa towards the Frontiers of Egypt, betwixt Jalac and Assuana: written sometime Bugiha

Bugna, Abugana, a Kingdom in Aethiopia, Mountainous and small.

Built, a Market-Town in the County of Brecknock in Wales, the chief of its Hundred▪

Bulgaria, pars Moesiae inferioris, is a County which is bounded on the East with the Euxine Sea; on the West with Servia; on the North with the Danube, by which it is parted from Moldavia and Walachia; and on the South with Thrace. It has this name from the Bulgares, a Scythian People, who in 566. possessed themselves of it. This Nation first received the Christian Faith about 700. but were not totally gained over to Christianity till about 860. since which time they have been subject to the Jurisdiction of the Patriarch of Constantinople: first under Kings of their own, till 1310. when they were Conquered by Charles King of Hungary, having been before extreamly weakened by their Wars against the Eastern Emperors. They were finally subjugated by Amurath II. Emperor of the Turks about 1427. ever since which time they have been subject to that Empire. The Country for the most part is full of sharp rugged Hills, Branches of the great Mountain Haemus, which divides it from Thrace; so that it is the most unpleasant and worst peopled part of Dacia; the People are accordingly patient of all Toil and Labor▪ and brutishly Valiant.

Bullerborn, Fons Tumultuarius, a Fountain near the Village of Oldenbeck in the Province of Westphalia in Germany. It is remarked for using to yield its Water with extraordinary noise and unequal Intermissions.

Bullingbrooli, an antient Market-Town in Lincolnshire. The Capital of its Hundred; upon the spring of a River, which falls into the Witham. This was the Birthplace of Henry IV, thence surnamed of Bullingbrook. Made an Earldom first in the Person of S. Oliver S. Johns, descended from the Grand-Mother of Henry VII. which Title is now enjoyed by the Right Honorable Pawles S. John,

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Bungay, a Market-Town in Suffolk in the Hundred of VVangford, upon the Banks of the River VVave nay.

Bungo, a Town and Kingdom in the Island of Ximo belonging to Japan in the East-Indies: this is in the Eastern part of the Island. The King and a number of his Subjects had once embraced the Christian Religion, but the terrible Persecution that followed, reduced them to their old again.

Buntingford, a Market-Town in Hartfordshire, in the Hundred of Edwinstree.

Buqhan, or Buchan, a County of Stotland, bounded on the North and East with the German Ocean; on the West and South with Murray and Marr. The Castles of Stanes and Fendracht are the most considerable places in it. It affords good Pasturage.

Bura, an antient Town of Achaia in the Morea, upon the Gulph of Corinth: famous heretofore for an Oracle of Hercules, whose Statue was Adored in a neighbouring Cavern. This Town had the fortune to be over-turn'd by an Earthquake. The remaining ruins have taken since the name of Pernitea; betwixt Patras and Vasilica.

Buragrag, a River in the Kingdom of Fez in Africa, separating the Provinces of Fez and Thesmena. It falls into the Altantick at Cap de Sola, having at the Mouth of it a Town standing of the same Name.

Buren, a small Town with the Title of an Earldom, in the Province of Guelderland, 3 Leagues from Bosleduc and Ʋtrecht, near the River Slingh.

Burford, a Market-Town in Oxfordshire, in the Hundred of Bampton, near the River Windrush. About the Year 750. Cuthbert King of the West Saxons overthrew Ethelbald King of the Mercians here, and won his Banner, wherein was depicted a golden Dragon. Whence came the Custom of this Town of making every year a Dragon in Jolity. It gives the Title of an Earl to the Duke of S. Albans.

Burgaw, Burgavia, a Country and Marquisate in the Circle of Schwaben in Germany, lying along the Danube. It receives this name from Burgaw upon the River Mindel, which is the capital Town of it. This Country is about 10 Leagues broad and long; and has been possess'd by the House of Austria ever since the year 1282.

Burgh, a Market-Town in Lincolnshire in the Hundred of Candleshow.

Burglave, is an antient Diocess in the North Iutland, where now is the Diocess of Alborch, called by the Latin writers Alburgensis.

Burnham Market, a Town in Norfolk in the Hundred of Brother Cross. So call'd in distinction from other Burnhams which are not Market-Towns.

Burgos, Masburgi, Bravum, Burgi, called by the French Bourgues, is the Capital of old Castile. Formerly a Regal City, and grew up out of the Ruins of Occa: made an Archbishops See by Gregory XIII. in 1571. having been a Bishops See from 1075. It stands on the North side of the River Arlanzon, which falls into the Duero below Valladolid; amongst the Mountains, upon the descent of an Hill, and declines itself also apace, being Inhabited but by a few People. Anciently call'd Bravum, and Masburgi: 37 Spanish Miles North of Madrid. In Long. 16. 32. and Lat. 43. 10.

Burick, or Budrick, Budrichium, a strong Town in the Dutchy of Cleves in Germany, upon the Rhine, 2 or 3 Leagues from Gueldres: under the Hollanders. This was one of the Four Towns which the French besieged at the same time at the opening of the Campagne of the year 1672. The Mareschal de Turenne commanded the Siege.

Burnley, a Market-Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Blackburn.

Burntwood, a Market-Town in Essex in the Hundred of Chelmsford.

Burrowbridg, a Market-Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire in the Hundred of Claro.

Burton, a Market-Town in Lincolnshire in the Hundred of Manlake, upon the River Trent, near its fall into the Humber. § Another in Westmorland in Loynsdale Wapentake, near the great Hill call'd Farleton-knot-hill. § A Third in Staffordshire in the Hundred of Offlow, upon the River Trent.

Bursa, Prusa, called by the Turks Bruss, by the Italians Bursa and Bourse, by the French Brusse, is a City of the lesser Asia, in the Province of Chintale, antiently Bithynia: built by Prusius King of Bithynia, in the year of the World 3179. and gave Name to that Part of that Kingdom in which it stood. Taken by Orchanes the Turk, in 1325. after which it was the Seat of their Empire, till they took Adrianople and removed it thither in 1402. In ancient time a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Nicomedia; but afterwards it became a Metropolitan See of it self. It is two Miles in length, well built and peopled, and one of the richest Cities in Asia; and to this day ennobled with the Sepulture of the Princes of the Ottoman Race, except the Emperors themselves: 5 Miles from the Propontis, 30 East from Constantinople. In Long. 57. 30. Lat. 41. 49.

Bury Saint Edmonds, Villa Regia, Villa Faustini, is a delicate sweet Town in the County of Suffolk, upon the River Lark, (as may seem by the Town of Larkford, a little more North) which falls into the great Ouse, between Ely and Little-Port-Edmund surnamed Ironside, one of the Saxon Kings, founded here a Church in the beginning of Christianity, and called it the Royal Town; but after that Prince was brought hither from Hoxon in the same County, it was called St. Edmonds Bury. King Kanutus the Dane, to expiate the sin of his Father Swaine or Sueno, who murdered this Prince, built here a new Church and an Abby; and brought in the Black Friers, about 1020. to whom he gave the Town of Bury, and many noble Mannors thereabout; so that at the suppression it was valued at 2336 l. the year; a vast Revenue then. They governed the Town by a Seneschal or Steward; and when it was allowed to be a Corporation, the Alderman was not permitted to exercise any Authority till he had taken his Oath of Obedience to the Abbot. Afterwards Herveie the Sacrist, compassed the Town with a Wall, whereof there remain still some few Relicks; and Abbot Newport Walled the Abby, and the Pope granted it great Immunities. Edward VI. founded here a Grammar School. Charles I. of Pious memory, Created Henry Jermin Baron of S. Edmonds Bury, Sept. 8. 1643. The delightfulness of its Situation, and the goodness of its Air, have ever procured it the residence of a great many of the Gentry, who living here inrich the Inhabitants, and support the Town, which would otherwise fall to decay. Henry II. overthrew Robert Earl of Leicester and his Flemings, (taking the Earl and his Wife prisoners), in a Battle not far from hence.

Busiris, an antient City in Egypt in the middle of the Delta, where was formerly a vast Temple consecrated to Isis, whose Festivals they observed with the greatest Solemnity.

Bussereth, Bostra, a City of Arabia the Stony, the Native place of Marcus Julius Philippus, Emperour of the Romans, and called from him Philippopolis. It is an Archbishops See, under the Patriarch of Jerusalem, being taken out of the Patriarchat

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of Antioch; and lies sixty Miles East from the Sea of Tiberias, in Long. 69. 45. Lat. 31. 30. Called in some Monies of the Emperor Severus, and his Mother Mamaea, Colonia Alexandrina; now under the Turks.

Butera, a Town in the Island of Sicily, with the Title of a Principality in the Province call'd Valle di Noto; about 4 Leagues from the Sea.

Butow, a small Town in Pomerania upon the River Stolp, towards the Frontiers of the Royal Prüssia. Under the Duke of Brandenburg.

Butrino, a place upon the Consines of Epirus, belonging to the Venetians. It was heretofore a considerable City, and the Seat of a Bishop. Call'd by the Antients Buthrotum. The Turks ruin'd it about 120 years ago; and the Venetians have not yet restored it to it's pristine Dignity. It stands over against the Island of Corfou, upon a Gulph of its own Name: being many times written Butrinto, or Botrinto.

Button's Bay, the same with Hudson's Bay in the North of America.

Butua, a City of the Lower Aethiopia in Africa, under the Empire of Monotopia, the Head of a Kingdom of the same Name, towards the River Zambre.

Buyil Mancy, a River of Aethiopia.

Le Buys, a small Town in the Province of Dauphine in France, in the Country call'd the Baronies, upon the River Oveze and the Borders of Provence. Surpriz'd by the Huguenots in 1568.

Buzanich, Pausinus, a River of Dalmatia.

Buzenzais, a Town in the Dukedom of Berri in France, upon the River Indre, and the Borders of Touraine.

Bychow, Bychovia, a Town belonging to the Kingdom of Poland, in Lithuania, upon the Borysthenes, between Mohilow and Rohuczo, two Cities, ill handled by the Moscovites, some few Years since.

Byrsa, the Name of an antient Cittadel at Carthage in Africa, built by Queen Dido; which had upon the top of it a Temple dedicated to Aesculapius. In the Phaenician Language, introduc'd by Dido into Africa, it is written Botzra or Bosra, signifying a Tower: Whereof the Word Bursa, with the Fable of the Hide thereon grounded, was but a Grecian Corruption alluding to the little Morsels of Leather stamped for Money in antient times; with which she purchas'd the Ground for the Building of this Castle and the City of Carthage.

Byzacena, an antient City and Province of Africa within the Kingdom of Tunis. The City has sometime been a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Carthage. In the Year 646. a Council of 42 Prelates was assembled at it against the Monothelites; besides others of less Note, in 602. 541. and 522.

=== CAB. (Book c) ===
CAbe, or Cheyles, or Queiles, Chalybs, a River of Spain, rising in the Kingdom of Aragon, which waters Taracona, and falls into the Ebro. The Waters of this River have been ever famous for the tempering of Steel.

Cabeston, a Town in the Province of Languedoc in France near Nismes.

Cabo d' Istria, a City of Istria in Italy, under the Dominion of the Venetians, upon the Adriatick Gulph; heretofore call'd Justinopolis, from Justinian the Emperor, who rebuilt it. This is the Capital of Istria, and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Aquileia. It is a small Place in an Island three Bow shoots from the Continent, to which there is a Passage by Bridges; and in the midst of it is an antient Castle: 30 Italian Miles from Aquileia to the South-East, and 75 from Venice to the East: Long. 36. 26. Lat. 45. 31.

Cabrieres, a Town in the County of Venaissin in Provence in France.

Cabul, a Province or Kingdom in the East-Indies, under the Great Mogul, near the Fountains of the River Indus; it has a City of the same Name, standing upon a small River which falls into the Indus. The whole Country is full of Mountains, but very fruitful, and reasonably well traded. The Rivers Nilab and Behat, falling into the Indus, have their Sources therein. Long. 305. and Lat. 31. In this City their Kings resided heretofore. There are two Fortresses standing in it.

Cabusco, a Mountain in the Kingdom of Persia.

Cacagioni, Charox, a City of the Lesser or Crim Tartary.

Cacari, a River and Town of Mongrelia.

Cacceres, Caceres de Camarhina, a City in the principal Philippine Island of Lusson or Manilha upon the Streights of Manilha, with a good Port to the same; and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Manilha.

Cacelina, a City of Bithynia, antiently call'd Chalcedon.

Cachan, a large City in the Province of Hyrach in Persia; 22 Leagues from Ispahan. Above a thousand Families of Jews (said to be of the Tribe of Juda) dwell in it. It is a famous Place for Brocards.

Cachar, the Indus or great River of the East-Indies.

Caco, Cacus, Caunus, a Mountain in the Kingdom of Aragon, in the Confines of the Kingdom of Old Castile; now call'd also Moncaio.

Cadenac, a small Town in the County of Quercy in France, upon the River Lot and the Borders of Rovergue; 8 or 9 Leagues from Cahors. Some take it to be the Ʋxellodunum of the antient Gaul:, which stood out the last of all their Towns against Caesar.

Cadillac, a small Town in the Province of Guienne in France, near the Garrone; in a fertile Soil, and adorn'd with one of the best Castles in this Province.

Cachieu, or Sierra Liona, a Sea Port Town on the Coast of Guiney, much frequented by the Europeans, towards the Promontory of Leaena. This Place was first discovered by the Portugals in 1452.

Cadiz, Gades, is an Island and City on the Coast of Spain, in the Atlantick Ocean; call'd Cadis and Cales by the English, and Cadice by the Italians: But small, as being only 4 Leagues in length; whereas it was once much greater, as Pliny and Strabo both affirm. It lies on the Coast of the Kingdom of Andalusia, to which it is now joyn'd by a Bridge between the Outlet of the River Guadalquivir or Baetis, and the Streights of Gibraltar. On the Western Shoar of this Island lies CADIS, which gives Name to the Island, built by the Phenicians, and is perhaps the oldest Town in Spain. In the times of the Romans it was made a Municipal City, and one of the Juridical Resorts for the Province of Baetica; in which time it was thought one of the Noblest and Richest Cities in all Spain; scarce yeilding to any in the Empire for Greatness, Magnificence, or the Number and Quality of the Inhabitants; here living at one time five hundred Roman Knights, which Number was not equalled in any other Place but Padua only; beside the great Concourse of Merchants from all places of the World; which occasioned Cornelius Balba, a Native of it, to build a New Town to the old one. By the Moors at the Conquest

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of Spain, it was utterly ruined, and so contitinued till it was recovered from them by the Spaniards, who rebuilt and fortified it, and made it the Magazine for their Navies: Yet it was taken by the English in one Day, under Robert Earl of Essex, and Sir Walter Rawleigh, in which they burnt the Indian Fleet, consisting of forty Sail of Ships, whose Lading was worth eight Millions of Crowns; overcame the Spanish Navy, which consisted of fifty seven Men of War; took the S. Michael and S. Andrew, two great Gallions, with their Lading, and carried away more Martial Furniture than could be again supplied in many Years; forced the Town, in which they slew and took Prisoners 4000 Foot, and 600 Horse, and brought thence a considerable Booty in 1596. This City is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Sevil. Long. 14. 10. Lat. 36. 28. Juno had a Temple formerly in her Honor in this Island, thence call'd Junonis Insula; and also Hercules another, in which Caesar wept to reflect upon the Actions of Alexander the Great at the Age of thirty three. After the Reduction of Spain by Caesar, he left a Roman Colony at Cadis with the Name of Julia Gaditana. The Antients believed it to be the utmost boundary of Navigation; calling the two Mountains near it, at the Mouth of the Streights, the Pillars of Hercules. Here the Spanish Gallions rendezvouse. It is one of the Keys of Spain, and of so very great Importance, that Charles V. recommended it particularly, together with Flushing in the Low-Countries, and Goulet in Africa, to the Care of his Son King Philip II. as absolutely necessary for the Conservation of his Empire. Columella was a Native hereof, with Canius a Poet mentioned by Martial.

Il Cadoriue, the most Northern Country of all Italy towards the County of Tyrol and the Alpes; contained within the Marcha Trevisana, in the States of the Republick of Venice. Its Capital Town is Pieve di Cadore.

Cadouin, a famous Abbey of the Order of the Cistercians in the Province of Perigord in France; where they pretend to preserve a Handkerchief of our Saviour's, brought out of Jerusalem in 1105. and since visited by S. Lewis K. of France, in 1269. by Charles VI. and Lewis XI. as a most extraordinary Relick.

Caen, Cadomus, famous for a Bishop's See and an University, on the River Orne, about 4 Leagues from the British Sea, 28 from Roan to the South. In the year 1063. the Archbishop of Roan held a Council here in the Presence of William the Conqueror King of England; who died in 1087. in the 74th year of his Age at Roan: and being deserted after his Death by all his Friends and Servants, was after a long time interr'd by the Monks here with small Pomp, in the Abbey of St. Stephen which he him self had Founded, as his Queen had done that of the Holy Trinity. The University was Founded by Henry V. K. of England, who took this City from the French, after a sharp resistance, by Storm in 1417. Its Long. is 22. 20. Lat. 49. 40. The learned Bochartus was none of the least Ornaments of this Place. They bear three Fleur de Lysses in their Arms, as a Token of their Fidelity to the Crown.

Caer-Cadon, the Welsh Name of the City of Bath.

Caerdif, See Landaff.

Caerick-Fergus. See Knock-Fergus.

Caer-Leon, Chester.

Caer-Leon, Isca Legionis, Legio Secunda, an antient Roman Town upon the Ʋsk in the County of Monmouth, which was once one of the Metropolitan Seats of Britain, and an University, till the See was removed to S. Davids. The City was ruined in the Reign of Henry II. but there are still many very honourable Marks of its Antiquity and Splendor digged up here, for which the Reader may consult Mr. Camden. The Romans quartered the Second Legion, called Augusta, in it, to bridle the Silures. King Arthur kept his Court here. It stands 9 Miles East from Landaf, 21 from Brecknock South-East, and 26 from Hereford South-West. Newport has sprung out of its Ruins, and stands a little beneath it on the Severn.

Caer-Lud, London.

Caermarthenshire, is one of the Twelve Counties in VVales; bounded on the East by Glamorganshire and Brecknock, on the West by Pembroke, on the North by Cardigan, from which it is separated by the River Tivy; and on the South by the Irish Sea. This County is said by Mr. Camden to be very fruitful, and in some places to have plenty of Coal Mines, and to abound in Cattle. It takes its Name from the principal City, which stands upon the River Tiny, about 5 Miles from the Sea: called by Ptolomy, Maridunum; by Antonius, Muridunum. It was Walled with Brick in the times of Giraldus Cambrensis, but was then decaying: Pleasantly seated between Woods and Meadows, and very venerable for its great Antiquity: taken from the VVelch in the Reign of VVilliam the Conqueror, after this by them retaken and burnt twice; till being first strengthened with a Castle by Henry Turbervil, an English Man, and after that walled about by Gilbert de Clare, it recovered something of its former Glory. The Princes of VVales settling here the Chancery and Exchequer for South VVales.

Caernarvanshire, has on the North and West the Irish Sea, on the South Merioneth, and on the East Denbighshire; parted from the Isle of Anglesey by the River Menay. All the middle parts of it are covered and filled with Mountains; so that Mr. Camden calls these Hills Alpes Britannicas, the British Alpes; and saith they afforded the greatest Security to the Welsh in times of VVar: and so abounded with Grass, that they seemed sufficient alone to have fed all the Cattle of VVales. The Western parts are more level, and yield plenty of Barley. The chief Town or City, is seated in this part of the County, upon the River Menay; and was built by Edward I. King of England, about 1283. Small and almost round, but strong, and defended by a beautiful Castle. Edward II. was born here, and Surnamed from this Town, who was the first of the English Princes that bore the Title of Prince of VVales. In after times these Princes setled here the Chancery for North-VVales. Robert Dormer Baron of VVing was created Viscount and Earl of Carnarvan in the sourth Year of the Reign of King Charles I. who afterwards lost his Life valiantly for that Prince at Newberry, in 1643. to whom succeeded Charles his Son.

Caerphilly, a Market-Town in the County of Glamorgan in VVales, where the Earl of Pembroke has a Noble Castle. It is the Capital of its Hundred.

Caerwis, a Market-Town in Flintshire, in the Hundred of Coleshill.

Caeron, a Country in Assyria, where Josephus says the Relicks of Noah's Ark were to be seen in his time. It produces your odoriferous Wood.

Caesarea, Palestina, was anciently call'd the Tower of Straton: But Herod the Great, rebuilding it, called it Caesarea, in honor of Augustus: It is now call'd Caisar. It lies on the shoars of the Mediterranean Sea, in the Holy Land; 30 Miles to the South from Ptolemais, and 45 from Jerusalem. After the Ruin of Jerusalem, it became the Metropolis of Palestine, and the Seat of the Prefect or Governor; the Bishop of Caesarea gained thereby the Authority of a Primate over the Bishop of Jerusalem, and for some

=== descriptionPage 67 ===
Ages maintained it; but in after Councils the Bishop of Jerusalem was exempted and made a Patriarch; several great Councils have been held here. Eusebius Pamphilus the Church Historian was in his time Bishop of it. Cornelius, the first converted Gentile, was baptized here by S. Peter. S. Paul was a Prisoner here. And Origen taught here. But in 653. after a Siege of 7 years, Muhavia a Saracen took it from the Christians. In the Holy War it was several times taken and retaken; till at last intirely ruined by Barsus a Saracen. Long 66. 15. Lat. 32. 20. §. Caesarea Magna in Cappadocia, the Episcopal Seat heretofore of S. Basil. See Caisar. §. Caesarea Philippi. See Balbec. §. Caesarea in Africa, an antient City mention'd with Honor in the Roman History, upon the Coast of the Mediterranean; believed to be the same with the Iol of Ptolemy, Pliny, and Mela. It became a Bishop's See since Christianity, and likewise an University that produced divers Poets and Philosophers of Note, in the time that the Arabians were Victorious in Africa. In the Year 959. the Caliphs ruined it. The Remains of its Walls make it appear to have been above 3 Leagues in Circuit: call'd by the Africans Tiguident.

Cagliari, Caralis, Calaris, a City of Sardinia, an Island in the Mediterranean Sea, which is the Capital, and the Seat of the Governor, on the South side of the Island upon an Hill: Also an Archbishop's See, and an University. When the Moors were Masters of this Island they ruined this City; but James II. King of Aragon recovering it Anno Christi 1330. the Pisans rebuilt the Town, which is now become great and rich under the Spaniards. It has three large Suburbs, a Castle and a very capacious Haven. The famous Lucifer was Archbishop of this See in the Reign of Constantine M. Pope Hillary was born here, and Martin King of Sicily died here in 1409. Long. 32. 12. Lat. 37. 30. The Cape Cagliari derives its Name from hence.

Cagli or Caglio, Callium, Cale, Calle, a small City in the Dukedom of Ʋrbino, which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Ʋrbino; seated upon the River Metro, at the foot of the Apennine, 14 Leagues from Ʋrbino to the South-West, and the same Distance from Eugubio to the North-East. It was under the Dominion of the Pope in 1289.

Caiors or Cahors, Doveona, Divona, Cadurcum, the principal City of Quercy in Guienne in France upon the River Loth, over which it has three Bridges. It is a large, fine, and strong City, and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Alby ever since 1678. before which time it was under the Archbishop of Berry: ten Leagues from Alby to the North, and 45 from Bourdeaux to the East. Pope John XXII. being born here, founded an University in it in 1331. The Bishops take the Title of Earls of Cahors. Henry IV. King of Navarre, besieged it in 1580. and reduced it in three Days; since which time its Castle and Fortifications have been demolished.

Cajania, a Province of Sweden which is often also called East-Bothinia; between the Botner Sea, Lapland, and Finland.

Cajan•burg, the principal Town within the former Territory, which gives Name to it: it lies towards Lapland upon the Lake Ʋla; with a Castle for its Defence and Honor.

Cajazzo, Calatia, a City in the Province of Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples, about 7 Miles East of Capua; near the River Voltorno, and a Bishop's See under the Arch-Bishop of Capoiia. It was considerable in the times of the Caesars; a Colony having been setled there by Julius Caesar, as Apianus Alexandrinus saith, which on that account joyn'd with Augustus. But now very small and in a declining Condition.

Cajenne, an Island to the South of the Mouth of the River Cajenne (which gives Name to it) in the Province of Guyana in America, under the French; 18 Leagues in Circuit. The River Cajenne springs from the Mountains, near the Lake of Parima, and continues its Course about 100 Leagues through the Country of the Galibes, before it falls into the Ocean with this Island in its Embraces. The Hollanders settled themselves here in 1656. and again in 1676. but were both times expelled by the French, who were the prior Occupants.

Caj•tta. See Gajetta.

Caifum, or Caifung, one of the principal Cities in China, seated on the South of the River Croceus, in the Province of Honan, in Long. 142. 35. It was heretofore the ordinary Residence of the Emperors of China, till the Year 1642. that the Usurper Lyncungh besieged it: To drown whose Army, the People piercing the Banks of the River Croceus (which lies higher than the Town) brought the Water upon themselves more than on the Enemy, with so great an Impetuosity, that the Houses were all overturned, three hundred thousand Inhabitants drown'd, and the whole Town changed into a Lake from that Day.

Caiman, a greater, and Lesser Island, North of Cuba, in the Gulph of Mexico; known by the Tortoise-Fishing-Trade there.

Caiphas, a City of Phoenicia, at the foot of Mount Carmel, and heretofore an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Tyre: Understood by some to be the Porphyrcum of Polybius and Stephanus. The Lords hereof were of high renown in the time that the Christians were Masters of the Holy land.

Cairoan, Cyrene, an antient and once very noble City in Africa, mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles; and now almost ruin'd and depopulated by the Turks, in whose hands it is: seated right overagainst Matapan, the most Southern Cape of the Morea; an Archbishops See under the Patriarch of Alexandria, and once famous not only for its Antiquity, (being built in the year of the World 3560. 143 years after Rome;) but also for Learning, it having produced many noble Greek Writers; and particularly Aristippus, the founder of the Sect of the Cyrenaick Philosophers, with the ingenious Areta his Daughter, who succeeded him in his School. The Country antiently call'd Libya Cyrenaica, comprehending the Five Cities of Berenice, Teuchire, Ptolomais, Apollonia, and Cyrene, derived its name from hence. It had sometime the honour to bear the Title of a Kingdom. For in the Year of Rome 658. we read of a Ptolomy surnamed Apion, King of Cyrene, nominating the Romans to be his Heirs. The Libya Cyrenaica was afterwards call'd Pentapolis from these its Cities, and now Mestrata. Long. 50. 00. Lat. 31. 20. § Also a Town upon the River Capullia in the Kingdom of Tunis, about 14 Leagues from the Sea. Built in 652. by the Caliphs of Syria, and adorn'd with a sumptuous Mosque, where you see the Sepulchres of the Kings of Tunis. For want of Fountains in so dry and barren a Soil as this Town stands in, they drink altogether of the Water of the Cistern. There has been formerly an University here, frequented from all the parts of Africa. It is the Thysdrus of the Antients. The Arabians call it Cairavan: And a chief Pontiff of the Mahometan Law resides in it.

Caisar, Caesarea Magna, a City of Cappadocia upon the River Haly, which was made a Colony by Tibenius Claudius; call'd before this Archelais, 60 Miles from Iconium to the North. Till the time of Valens the Roman Emperour, it was the Metropolis of Cappadocia. The Great S. Basil was a Bishop here. Long. 64. 40. Lat. 41. 40.

Caket, a Kingdom and City of Georgia in Asia towards the Mountain Caucasus: Conquered by the King of Persia, and Govern'd under him by a Viceroy. The ruins that are to be seen in the City are suffient evidences of its former magnificence. This Country is properly the antient Iberia.

Calabria, Magna Graecia, Brutii Populi. This is the Name of an antient Province in the Kingdom of Naples in Italy; but now applyed to another, which is no part of that which had heretofore the name of Calabria. The antient Calabria was bounded on the North and East by the Adriatick Sea; on the South by the Salentins; and on the West by Apulia Pucetia, taking up that part of the Kingdom of Naples, which makes now the North of the Province of Otranto. The present Calabria, is a very large, and the most Southern Province of that Kingdom; itself a Dukedom, the Title of which was given to the Eldest Son of the King of Naples, whilst it remained a separate Kingdom. This is bounded on the North by the Basilicata, on the East by the Ionian Sea, on the West by the Tyrrhenian, and on the South by the Sicilian Streights. Its greatest length is from North to South; and it is one of the four principal Provinces of the Kingdom of Naples. Divided commonly into the Hither or Ʋpper (which is the more Northern), and the Further or Lower Calabria. The Saracens became Masters of it about the year 827. and were expell'd in the 11th. Century by the valour of the Celebrated Robert Guichard, a Norman; who from a Souldier of Fortune, made himself Duke of Puglia and Calabria about the year 1059. being the head of a Line, which soon after in the Person of Roger II. attained the Crowns of Naples and Sicily. Calabria is very subject to Earthquakes. There is an Historical relation of one particularly which continued more or less from 1638. to 1641.

Calahorra, Calaguris, Clunia, a City of the Old Castile in the Kingdom of Spain, upon the River Ebro, where it entertains the River Cidacos di Castella; built upon an Hill in the limits of the Kingdom of Navarr, and was first made a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tarragon, by Pope Alexander VI. in 1498. but afterwards Subjected to the Archbishop of Burgos. The Bishoprick of Calzada was united to this See in 1236. It lies 23 Leagues from Bajona to the South, in Long. 18. 50. Lat. 43. 26. Quintilian and Prudentius were both of this City. The antient Inhabitants of it, call'd Caliguritani, sustain'd a Siege against Pompey with so much obstinacy, as at last to kill their very Wifes and Children, and salt them like Pork, and Eat them for Provisions. Pliny mentions two Towns of this Name; Caligurris Nascica, and Caligurris Fibularia: the first was amongst the People of Husca: the other in the Country of the Gascons, as some interpret him.

Calais, Caletum, Portus Iccius, a strong Town of Picardy in France, at the entrance of the English Channel, right over-against Dover. Taken by Edward III. in 1347. after a siege of a 11 Months, and lost again by Q. Mary in less than a Fortnight, in 1557. till when for 210 years together, we had the Keys of France at our Girdles; and that Princess accordingly resented the loss, dying soon after of

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Grief, as it was thought, for it; saying not long before her death, that if she were opened they should find Calais at her Heart. Cardinal Albert took this Town from the French in 1596. but it was soon after by them recover'd, according to the Peace of Vervin in 1598. The Country adjacent had heretofore the Name of Caletes. The Long. is 23. 00. Lat. 51. 00.

Calama, Thyamus, a River of Epirus: it falls into the Ionian Sea, over against the Island of Ericusa, now Alicur; between Corfu to the North, and Cefalonia to the South.

Calama, or Calamata, an inland City of Africa, between Hippo to the East, and Cirta to the West. Often mentioned in the Writings of S. Austin. It was formerly an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Carthage.

Calamata, Thuria, a Fort, and an unwalled, but well Peopled Town on the South of the Morea in the Province of Belvedore; opposite to Coron, from whence, it is distant 40 English Miles by Sea. This Castle or Fort was taken by surprize in 1659. and deserted, but retaken in 1685. and is now Garrisoned by the Venetians. § Another in the Kingdom of Algiers in Africa, near the River Major.

Calamianes, an Island of the East-Indies, which lies between Borneo and the Philippine Islands; and is subject to a Prince of its own.

Calarauega, or Calaroga, a small Town in Old Castile in Spain, where S. Dominique de Guzman, the founder of the Order of the Preachers, was born.

Calatagirone, an inconsiderable small Town in the Island of Sicily, amongst the Mountains: built upon the ruins of the antient Calata: some speak of another of this Name in the same Island.

Calata•ud, a Town of Aragon in Spain. Built, as is supposed, by an Arab, who left his own Name to it. In Latin called Bilbilis Nova, from its situation near the ruins of the antient Bilbilis, between Saragossa and Medina Caeli. It stands in a Plain, but at the foot of a high Mountain, upon the River Zalon, which there receives the River Baubula. A large and handsom Town, in a fruitful Country, with a Castle to command and defend it.

Calatrava, Oretum, a City of New Castile in Spain, upon the River Guadiana, 15 Leagues South of Toledo. Taken from the Moors by Sanctius III. in 1158. who granting it to the Templars, they distrusting the strength of the place, resigned it up again to him. Whereupon two Cistercian Monks undertook to fortifie it, as they did in a short time; and upon a new Grant of it to their Order, they Instituted the Order of the Knights of Calatrava, for the defence of it, which was confirm'd by Pope Alexander III. This Order of Knights was begun in 1185. under Alphonsus the Noble: at first they had Masters of their Order, but in 1489 that Dignity was annexed to the Crown Paul III. granted them leave to Marry once. The Order hath 24 Mannors in Spain belonging to it. Their Habit was at first the same with that of the Cistercians, till Pope Benedict XIII. dispensed with it.

Calavar, a Village of the Province of Balagate, which is the last Province and Town the Mogul has towards the Kingdom of Orixia, of Golconda. In this place unreasonable Tolls are forced from Travellers. Thevenot.

Calcot, Calchutum, mentioned in the 7th. Tome of the Councils, for a Council here assembled in 787. under Gregory Bishop of Ostia, and Theophylact Bishop of Tali, the Legates of Pope Adrian I. But whether this be Calcot in Oxfordshire, or Calcot in Berkshire, or another, our Author is not express

Calder, a River in Yorkshire falling into the Ouse below York.

Calderino, a famous Bath, 10 Miles from Verona in Italy; ordinarily call'd the Bath of Verona.

Calecut, or Calicut, Calecutium, a Kingdom in the Promontory of Malabar in the East-Indies, taking its Name from a City seated on the Western Shoars. Long. 105. dog. Long. and Lat. 11. 22. It is under a Prince of its own, who has some other Kings Tributary to him. And inhabited by Pagans, Mahometans, Arabians, the Christians of S. Thomas, with the Converts of the Mission, as to the several Religions of the People. Not the King's Sons, but the King's Sisters Sons succeed to the Crown. The City is very great, and has no Walls; the European Merchants drive here a plentiful Trade. This was the first place in the East-Indies the Portuguese discovered in 1498. Where at first they were kindly received by the King; but afterwards he would have destroyed them at the instigation of some Arabian Merchants, which necessitated them to joyn with the King of Cochin against him. The English also have a good settlement here.

Calemberg, a Country in the Dutchy of Brunswick in the lower circle of Saxony, lying along the Weser: it is a part of the Style of the Duke of Brunswick. § a Mountain in Austria, extended from the Danube to the Save, and divided into divers parts under as many different names: in Latin, Caesius, Mons, understands the whole Mountain.

Calepio, Calepium, a Town near Bergamo in Italy upon the River Oglio, with a Vally to which it imparts its name. Ambrosius Calepinus was a Native of this Town.

Cales, Gadis. See Cadiz.

California, a vast Island of North America, in the South Sea near New Mexico, from which it is parted by the Purple Sea: 300 Spanish Leagues in length, and 60 in breadth. First discovered by Cortesius in 1535. In 1587. Captain Cavendish, an English Man, took near the South Cape of this Island a very rich Ship. In 1620. it was found to be an Island, which was thought before to be a part of the Continent: Sir Francis Drake in 1577. wintered in this Island, and took possession of it for his Mistress, calling it Nova Albion. Tho said to be exceeding fruitful, full of People, of a good and quiet humor and disposition, yet the Spaniards never attempted to settle here, till within about 7 years since. It is a dry and unfruitful Country: they fish for Pearl upon the Eastern Coast of it.

Calingae, an antient People of the East-Indies, mentioned by Pliny.

Calixine, Taniticum, one of the Mouths of the Nile.

Calear, a small but fine City in the Dutchy of Cleve in Germany, under the Dominion of the Duke of Brandenburg, upon the River Men, within one German Mile of the Rhine, 2 from the City of Cleve; a little further from Emeri•, and 4 from Wesel to the North.

Callao: or Callao de Lima, Callaum, a small Island upon the Coast of Peru over against the Port of Lima, with a Town in it and a Castle.

Callirh•e, a Fountain of Judea beyond Jordan mentioned by Josephus: its Waters are Medicinal, and yet very pleasant to drink; falling into the Lake Asphaltites. § Another in Attica, particularly taken notice of for flowing with 9 several Streams. Plin• and Pausanias mention divers others.

Callo, a Fort in Flanders, where the States Army received a sharp check in 1638.

Calmar, Calmaria, a very strong City of the Province of Smaland, upon the Baltick Sea over against

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the Isle of Oeland: strangely ruined by Fire in 1647. Thenarrow passage between it and Oeland is call'd, Calmarsund; it lies in Lat. 57. 00. Long. 37. 30. This City was taken by Christian IV. King of Denmark, with the slaughter of all the Inhabitants, saving those who fled into the Castle, in 1611.: but was recovered by a Treaty in 1613. by Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden. It has a good Port, where the Swedes ordinarily Embark for Germany: And the Cittadel carries the greatest Name of any in the North.

Calne, a Market-Town in VViltshire, which is the capital of its Hundred, upon a River of the same name, running from East to West into the Bristol Avon. There was a Synod held here in 977. where they say the Clergy presented complaints against St. Dunstan for his partiality to the Monks: but whilst the Cause was in debate, the Roof of the House fell, and St. Dunstan alone escaped unhurt. This Corporation returns two Burgesses to the Parliament.

Caloieron Oros, Olympius, Maesinus, a Mountain now called the Monks Mount by the Greeks, and Geschidag by the Turks, as Leunclavius saith; it stands in the Confines of Bithynia, directly South of the famous City of Nice, and not far from it.

Calojero, Atalantia, a small Island lying near Negropont.

Calopinica, Taurocinium, a River of Calabria, which falls into the Straits of Sicily, between the Promontory of Armi, and the City of Regio.

Calore, Calor, a River of the Principate in the Kingdom of Naples, which riseth from the Apennine, washeth Benevento, and then falls into the Sabbato.

Calpe, one of the Pillars of Hercules; being a high Mountain in the Kingdom of Andalusia in Spain, opposite to the antient Abila upon the Coast of Africk.

Calpurt, Colchis, a City of Armenia.

Calsery, a small Town in the Kingdom of Iamba in the East-Indies, under the Great Mogul; about 25 Leagues from the Ganges: understood by some to be the Batan Caesara of Ptolomy.

Calvary, Golgotha, the holy Mount near the Walls of Jerusalem to the South, on which our Saviour dyed. It is believed by divers of the Greek and Latin Fathers, that Adam was buryed, and that Abraham offered to Sacrifice his Son Isaac here. Adrian the Emperor, in derision of Christianity, caused the Idols of Jupiter and Venus to be Erected upon it; which Constantine the Great and Helena his Mother demolished, in the same place building a Church (called Martyrion at first, now S. Sepulchre) not inferiour to the most beautiful one in the World. The Christian Princes have many times bestowed great Benefactions upon this Church. The Emperor Heraclius reedified it in 628. after it had been ruined by Chosroes King of Persia in 615, at his taking of Jerusalem. The renowned Godfrey of Bouillon made large Additions to it in 1099. There are distinct Apartments in it for the Latin, the Greek, the Armenian, the Syrian, the Cophtite, and the Abyssine Christians: who show you a Chappel, where the Cross stood that bore the Sacrifice of our Saviours Body, called the Chappel of the Crucifixion: the place where he was Embalmed, according to the custom of the Jews; the place where he is said first to appear to the Blessed Virgin after his Resurrection, called the Chappel of the Apparition; the Rock out of which his Sepulchre was hewn, and the Tomb itself illuminated with 62 Lamps that burn continually. Here are the Tombs of Godfrey of Bouillon the first King of Jerusalem, and Baldwin I. his Brother, who succeeded him in that Crown.

Calvi, Cales, a small City in the Terra di Lavoro, in the Kingdom of Naples, 6 Miles North of Capoua; which tho it has not much above 20 Houses, is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Capoua. It withstood a Siege against the French and Turks in 1555. the Antients called it Cales. § a Town in the Island of Corsica with a Port and a considerable Fortress to the Gulph of the same name, under the Genouese.

Calydon, an antient City of Aetolia in Greece; sometime adorned with an Episcopal See, and the Title of the Capital of the Country; giving Name to a Forest therein. § Also the antient Appellation of a part of Scotland towards the County of Perth, in which Dunkeld stands: see Dunkeld. The same continuing to the Northern Sea to this Day.

Calydoni, a little Castle in the Vicentine in Italy, whence a Noble Family of Vicenza derives their Name.

Calzada, Calciata, a small City in old Castile in Spain; once a Bishops See, which is now removed to Calahorra, from whence it lies 12 Spanish Leagues to the West. It is sometimes called S. Domingo de la Calzada, from the great Devotion of People to S. Dominick there. Henry II. King of Castile, dyed here in the year 1379.

Calzan, Calzun, the Arabian Gulph.

Camala, Emisa. See Hama.

Camarina, an antient Town of the Island of Sicily, built in the year of Rome 150. according to Eusebius, and long since ruined; leaving only its name to a River in the same Island. Its situation near the purulent Lake of Camerina obliging the Inhabitants to drain that Lake up, whereby the Enemy obtained a Passage to take the Town, occasioned the known Proverb Camarinam movere.

Camb or Kamp, Cambus, a River of the Upper Austria in Germany, springing towards the Frontiers of Bohemia, and ending in the Danube.

Cambaia, the Capital of the Kingdom of Guzurat; and a noble Port, lying in a very great Bay of the same Name; now subject to the great Mogul; the City lies in Long 105. Lat. 22. 30. and is one of the greatest, the richest, the best traded Cities in the East-Indies; seated in a fruitful Soil, and full of People: commonly called the Cairo of the Indies; whence the Kingdom of Guzerate is often named the Kingdom of Cambaia. It is walled with a fair Wall of Free-stone, hath very large Houses, straight and broad Streets; greater than Surat, being ten Leagues in compass; and hath 3 Basars or Market places, and 4 noble Tanks or Cisterns, able to find the Inhabitants Water all the year: tho there is 7 fathom Water in the Haven at high water, yet at low water the Ships lie dry in the Sand and Mud, which cover the bottom of it. The Inhabitants are partly Heathens, partly Mahometans. And in 1638. the English had here a Factory, as Mandelslo acquaints us; from whom the latter part of this Description is taken.

Cambala, a City in China. See Peking: some represent it to be 24 Italian Miles in compass. Cambalu is the Mascovian and Saracen Name for it, Peking the Indian.

Cambaya, Camboya or Camboge, a Kingdom in the East-Indies, over against the Isle of Borneo; bounded on the West with the Kingdom of Siam, and on the East with that of Cochin. It is Tributary to the King of Siam. This Kingdom is almost equally divided by a vast River, which in July and August overflows all the Country, as the Nile doth Egypt. The King of it is a great Friend to the Portuguese, as he of Siam is to the Dutch. Upon the most Eastern Branch (for there are 3) of the River mentioned before, stands Cambodia the principal City, built upon a rising Ground to prevent the yearly Deluges.

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This Kingdom is extream fruitful, but not potent, the King not being able to bring above 25 or 30000 Men into the Field: first discoverd by Alphonso d'Albuquerque in 1511. as Mandelslo saith. Cambodia lies in Long. 135. 00. Lat. 10, 35.

Cambray, Cameracum, called by the Flandrians Camerick, a City of Hainault upon the Schold; Guicciardin saith it is a great, fair, strong City, and has a strong Castle built by Charles V. That it abounds in excellent publick Buildings, especially the Cathedral is very great and beautiful: that it is populous and rich, and was a very antient Bishoprick, under the Archbishop of Rhemes; but in 1559. exempted by Pope Paul IV. and erected into an Archbishoprick. The first place the French possessed themselves of, after they came out of Germany, in 1445. After this it became an Imperial City and continued so till Charles V. in 1543. built a Cittadel in it, and annexed it to his own Dominions. The French, who all along pretended a Right to it, at last in 1677. took it by force after a sharp defence. The Archbishops are honored with the style of Dukes of Cambray, Earls of Cambresis, and Princes of the Empire. Cambresis is a considerable Territory betwixt Picardy, Flanders, Artois, and Hainault: extreamly fruitful, and adorned with a Castle of its own Name, in which Henry II. of France and the King of Spain Celebrated that Treaty of Peace in 1559. which the French say was most disadvantageous to them. It lies 4 Leagues from Doway South, in Long. 26. 06. Lat. 49 45.

Cambria, the antient Name of the Principality of Wales: more especially of the Western part thereof towards Ireland.

Cambridgeshire, hath on the East Suffolk and Norfolk, on the West Huntington and Bedford, on the South Hartford, and on the North Lincolnshire; the River Ouse divides it almost in the midst. Towards the South end of the County lies the Town which gives it its Name. Mr. Camden saith it is called Camboritum, being seated upon the East Bank of the River Cam, which is here passed by a Bridge. This is one of the antientest and noblest Universities in Christendom; having 16 Colleges and Halls endowed, or Nurseries in it of Piety and Learning; the most antient of which is Peter House, founded in 1257. by Hugh Balsham, a Sub-Prior; before which time there was only Hostels, wherein the Scholars maintained themselves. This place sends 4 Burgesses to the Parliament, 2 for the Town, and 2 for the University. It has been dignified with the Title of an Earldom in several eminent Persons; and lately of a Dukedom in 4 Sons of King James II. when Duke of York, who all dyed very young. Long. 21. 49. Lat. 52. 30. § The English have given the Name of Cambridge to a Town in New England also, situated upon the River Merrimick, and beautified with several fair Streets, besides 2 Colleges, in which they aim at the Figure of an University.

Camelford, a Market-Town in the County of Cornwal in the Hundred of Lesnewth.

Camerino, Camerinum, an Episcopal City in the Marca Anconitana, in the Dominions of the Church. Seated at the foot of the Apennine, upon the River Chiento, which entereth the Adriatick Sea, 25 Miles South of Ancona. This was a considerable place in the time of the antient Romans; and has sometime since born the Title of a Dukedom. Leander gives it a strong Situation and plenty of People, which last is rarely found in these Italian inland Cities. He says also, there was another Town of this Name in Campagnia di Roma, which they call now Camerota. It lies 24 Miles East of Spoleto. Long. 36. 43. Lat. 42. 47.

Camin, Caminum, a small City in the further Pomerania, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Gnisen, whereas heretofore it belonged to Magdeburg. It stands on the Eastern Shoar of the River Diwenow [Odera] over against the Island of Wolinsche, not above a Mile from the Baltick Sea, and about 7 from Stetin to the North. This belongs to the Duke of Brandenburgh, by the Treaty of Westphalia, and has imbraced the Augustan Confession. Long. 39. 30. Lat. 54 12.

Caminiec. See Kaminieck.

Campagnano, Campaniano, Acheron, a River of the Province of Calabria, flowing from the Apennine and falling into the Tyrrhenian Sea, about 8 Miles South of Amantea, over against Stromboli; a flaming Mountain in an Island of that Name.

Campagna, a City of the Kingdom of Naples, in the Principato, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Conza; with the Title of a Marquisate. It stands between the Rivers of Atro and Tuza, 16 Miles from Salerno to the East, and 11 from the Shoars of the Mediterranean Sea to the East also.

Campagnia di Roma, a Province of Italy, under the Dominion of the Pope; on the West it has S. Peters Patrimony, on the North Sabina, on the South the Mediterranean Sea, and on the East the Kingdom of Naples; Rome itself stands in this Province, and it contains the far greatest part of the antient Latium; the inland parts are fruitful and populous; those towards the Sea are little inhabited, by reason of the unwholsomness of the Air, tho otherwise the Country is plain and fruitful enough.

Campanir, Astacapra, a City of the hither East-Indies.

Campden, a Market-Town in Gloucestershire in the Hundred of Kistgate: the Earl of Gainesborough, Viscount Campden has a Seat here.

Campen, Campania, a Town in Stiria. § There is another of the same Name in Over-Yssel in the Low Countries, upon the Western Banks of the Yssel, near the Zuider Zee, 5 Miles from Daventer to the North-East. It was heretofore an Imperial free City, but long since exempted, and under the States General. In 1672. taken by the French, and the year following deserted. It is a great, lovely, and important place; and was the Birthplace of Albertus Pighius, a very learned Man. Long. 27. 14. Lat. 52. 42.

Campiano, a small Town in the State of the Valley of Taro in Italy, near the River Taro. It is an important Pass, and therefore carefully fortified by the Duke of Parma.

Campeach, a City belonging to the Spaniards, in the West-Indies, taken by Captain Mynnes an English Man in 1662, being deserted by the Inhabitants. The English took here 50 peices of Canon, 14 Ships, and the Governor Prisoner.

Campus Piorum, a celebrated place in the Island of Sicily, near Catania: so called from the 2 Brothers Amphinomus and Anapus, that carried their Father and Mother upon their Shoulders hither out of the flames of Aetna. Val. Max.

Cana, a Town in the Tribe of Zabulon in Galilee in the Holy Land: heretofore famous for the first Miracle of our Saviours operation on Earth, at the Marriage of Simon Zelotes according to N•cephorus Calixtus, or of S. John the Evangelist, according to others. Now a poor Village inhabited by none but Turks. For the Church which Helena the Mother of Constantine, built in the place of that House where our Saviour celebrated the Marriage, has been long since converted into a Mosque. Nathanael was an Inhabitant of this Town.

Canada, New France, a large Country in the North America, discovered first by the French, and

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by them inhabited. It lies North of New-England. Quebec is the chief Colony of it. The Savages speak different Languages: and here, as in other parts of America, they have a custom to eat their Enemies taken in War; a fate that particularly befel John Verrazan a Florentine, who first took possession of this Country in the name of Francis I. King of France in 1525. There is a very great River of the same Country, already known to run 500 Leagues, full of large Islands, and about 30 Leagues broad at the mouth, called Canada by the Natives, by the French S. Lawrence, from their entrance into it upon that day. The Saguenay and the Three Rivers fall into its Channel from the North.

Cananor, a Kingdom in the Promontory of Malabar, on this side the Ganges in the East-Indies; abutting upon the River Gangerocora; 25 Leagues in length along the Coast, with a City of the same Name sometime since taken by the Hollanders. The Islands of Divandurou and Malicut amongst the Maldives are subject to this King.

Canara, a Kingdom on this side the Gulph of Bengala in the East-Indies in the Promontory of Malabar, separated from the Kingdom of Malabar to the South by the River Gangerocora, and from that of Cuncan to the North by the River Aliga. It is Tributary to the Great Mogul: by some called Tulamar, and at perpetual Enmity with the Kingdom of Malabar.

Canary Isles, Canariae, are 7 Islands over against the Coast of Lybia Interior, so called from Canaria, the principal of the number, in which the Spanish Governor resides; being about 20 Leagues in circuit, and ennobled with a large, handsom, populous City of the same Name, which is an Episcopal See. These were called by the Antients the Fortunate Islands, in general: but their particular Names are Canaria, Teneriff, the Isle of Palmes, the Isle of Iron, Fuerte-Ventura, Gomera, and Lancelote; and because a great number of Dogs was found in them in antient times, therefore says Pliny, they had all the Name of the Canaries. In one of these the first Meridian is usually fixed, viz. Teneriff. They are are much frequented for their excellent Wines, and Merchandises, by the English and other Nations. After the knowledg of them had been lost for many Ages, they were first discovered again in 1330. Vid. Azores. About the year 1344. Lewis de la Cerda, Grandson to Alphonsus X. King of Castile and Earl of Clermont, undertaking the Conquest of them, thereby to introduce the Christian Faith, was Crowned King of the Canaries by Pope Clement VI. He in his design failing, they were afterwards granted to John Betancourt, according as it is already remarked under the Word Azores.

Canathus, a Fountain in the Morea, in the Province of Napoli di Romania, celebrated by the antient Poets for a Fiction of Juno's washing herself every year therein to restore her Virginity. § Also a City in Caelosyria in Asia, which has sometime been a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Bastro, mentioned by Ptolomy.

Canavese, a Country in the principality of Piedmont, betwixt the City Juraea and the River Po: yielded to the Duke of Savoy by the Treaty of Querasque in 1631.

Canche, Cantius, Quentia, a River of Picardy, springing near Blavincour in Artois, passing by Ligny sur Canche, receiving the Ternois at Hesdin, and falling into the Ocean at Montreuil and Estaples.

Cancheu, a great City in the Province of Kiangsi in China, with a Territory of the same Name that is honored with the Government of a Viceroy, (distinct from the Viceroy of Kiangsi) who resides in this City, and commands also some Towns in the Provinces adjacent of Fokien, Quantung and Huquang. It is a place of extraordinary Trade and concourse.

Candahar, Candahara, the Capital of the Province of that Name, belonging to the Kingdom of Persia, and one of the greatest inland Cities of Asia; seated on the Eastern Shoar of the River Balcan, which running Northward, falls into the Oboengir, which last by Oxus or Gehun is conveyed in the Caspian Sea. On the East it is defended by a strong Wall, on the West by an high Mountain; in the middle of it is a Rock, on which is built a Castle. The Suburbs are greater than the City, and much frequented by the Persian and Indian Merchants, who pass to and fro through it. It lies in Long. 110. Lat. 34. 40. This City has been often taken and retaken between the Mogul and the King of Persia, till at l•st the latter possessed himself of it and still keeps it.

Cande, or Candes, Candensis Vicus, a Town in the Province of Touraine in France, upon the Loyre; where S. Martin the Bishop, so much extolled by Sulpitius Severus who writes his Life, dyed Nov. 11. An. Dom. 400. § Likewise a River in Languedoc falling into the Aveirou.

Candea or Candi, the most considerable Kingdom in the Island of Ceylan in the East-Indies; and a great and populous City, the capital thereof, upon the River Trinquilemale.

Candei, an antient People of the Gulph of Arabia, call'd heretofore Ophiomages, from their eating of Serpents.

Candelaro, a River of the Kingdom of Naples, springing out of the Apennine Mountains in the Capitanata, and ending in the Adriatick near Manfredonia;

Candelona, or Candelora, a Town and principality in the Province of Caramania in the lesser Asia. The Town stands upon the Bay of Laiazzo, between the lesser Asia and Syria, eight Miles from Antioch to the North, and 5 from Scanderoon to the South.

Candia, Creta, Jovis Insula in Virgil (being heretofore consecrated to him) is one of the noblest Islands in the Mediterranean Sea, lying opposite to the Mouth of the Archipelago. In Length from East to West two hundred and fifty Miles, in Breadth sixty, in Circuit five hundred and forty. Heretofore it was full of a hundred potent Cities, and thence call'd Hecatompolis, most of which are now ruined. To omit the more antient Story of this Island; it was granted by Baldwin Earl of Flanders to the Earl of Montisferat, who in 1194. sold it to the Venetians. Others say, that when the Latins in 1204 took Constantinople, this and the other Islands in the Aegean Sea fell to the Venetians for their share. In 1645. the Turks invaded it, and in 1669. by taking of Candia possess'd themselves of all but two or three Forts upon the Sea. The inland Parts are very mountainous, yet fruitful, especially of Wines and other such Fruits; but it wants Corn. Whilst it was under the Venetians, it was so populous, that they might raise in it 60000 Men. The Language there then used was the vulgar Greek, and they were accordingly of the Greek Church, though with a mixture of the Latin Service in some places. Now divided into four Territories or jurisdictions, call'd Candia, Canea, Rettina, and Sittia, from the four Principal Cities in it of those Names. Long. 51. Lat. 34. §. Candia, the chief City of the Isle of Crete, called by the Greeks Castro, and Candax, was an Archbishop's See, great, rich and populous, as long as it continued in the Hands of the Venetians. And stood the longest Siege against the Turks of any place in the World, but was at last forced to submit, September 27. 1669. upon Conditions very honourable, after a Blockade of 22 Years, from 1645. to 1667.

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and a Siege of two more; from 1667. to 1669. In which space the Turks are thought to have lost about 600000 Men before it. It lies on the Northern shoar of that Island, something nearer to the Western End. The Labyrinth of Minos in a Grott cut out of a Rock is yet to be seen here.

Canea, an Episcopal City in the Island of Candia, and the Capital of an adjacent Territory denominated from it. Taken by the Turks, Aug. 26. 1645. which loss was an Introduction to the long Blockade and Siege of Candia.

Canesham, a Market-Town in Somersetshire, seated at the fall of the River Chire into the Avon, near Bristol.

Cangria. See Gangra.

Canisa. See Kanisa.

Cannares, Savages of Peru, in the Province of Quito.

Cannae, Cannata des•rutta in Italian, is a ruined small Town in the Province of Apulia in Italy; where Hannibal engaging the Romans in a bloody Battle, slew 40000 of them upon the Place in the Year of Rome 558. with Paulus Aemilius Consul, and so many Gentlemen, that he sent to Carthage three Bushels of Rings as a Token of his vast Victory.

Cannes, a Town in Provence in France, to the Sea, over against the Lerin Islands; misunderstood by Cluverius to be the Oxibius Portus of Strabo, because it has no Port.

Cannibals, the Savages of the Caribby Islands, notorious for eating their Enemies, whether taken alive or slain in the Field.

Cano, or Ghana, a Kingdom in Nigritia in Africa, bounded by the River Niger to the South, the Kingdom of Cassena to the East, the Agades to the West, and the Desart to the North. The Capital City bears the same Name with it and stands upon a Lake.

Canopus, an antient City of Aegypt, towards that Mouth of the Nile which is distinguished by the same Name. It has been an Episcopal See formerly; and in the opinion of some Authors, the Country of the Poet Claudian. The modern Bochira, near Alexandria, is supposed to be this antient Place under a new Name.

Canosa, Canusium, an antient City in the Terra di Bari in the Kingdom of Naples, with an Episcopal See that is united to the Archbishoprick of Bari; five Miles from the Ruines of Cannae, upon the Ascent of a Hill with the River Ofanto at the Foot of it. Horace gives the Character of Bilingues to its Inhabitants in the old Roman Times, because the Language they spoke was an ill mixture of Latin and Greek. It was a famous place for fine Russet colour'd Cloath; whence the Word Canusinati in Martial for such as wore of it. In this City the Emperor Henry IV. having been excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII. rendred himself to the Pope's Discretion, and thereupon received Absolution in the Year 1077. §. This is also the name of a County in the Modenese in Italy, near Parmesan.

Canstat, a small City in the Dukedom of Wirtemburg, upon the River Necker, within one Mile of Stuttgard, and five of Pfortzhaim to the East.

Cantabri, an antient Valiant People of Spain, being those properly of the Provinces of Guipuscoa and Biscay, who withstood Augustus in several Rencounters, and at last kill'd themselves rather than to submit to Servitude.

Canterbury, Cantuaria, Darvernum, Dorovernia, is the principal City in the County of Kent; very antient, and without doubt (saith Mr. Camden) famous in the times of the Roman Empire. It stands on the Eastern Shoar of the River Stour, called by the British •uvwhern; from whence it had its antient Names. Being the Royal Seat of the Kings of Kent, when Augustine the Monk came over to convert them, it by that Means became the Metropolitan See of England. The Bodies of eight Kings lye interr'd in the Cathedral as likewise the Body of Thomas Becke• the famous Roman-Catholick Saint, once Archbishop of this See. There has been several Provincial Councils celebrated here. The Coronation of King John and Queen Isabel his Wife, the Marriages of Henry II. and Edward I. were all performed here. Augustine the first Archbishop was consecrated in 568. Dr. William Sancroft the LXXVII. in this Succession, was consecrated Jan, 27. 1677. It lies in Long. 24. 51. Lat. 51. 16. Two Burgesses are elected for the Parliament by the Corporation.

Canton, a Province and City in the East of China, suppos'd to be the Cattigara of Ptolemy; which, tho the least of their Metropolitan Cities, is yet beautified with many triumphant Arches, large Streets, and goodly Bridges over a Navigable River running on the South side of it; also fortified with deep Ditches, eight Bulwarks, and seated in a rich and plentiful Soil. The Portugals drive here (saith Dr. Heylin) a wealthy Trade, being permitted in the day time to come into the City, but at night excluded and forced to find Lodgings in the Suburbs. This City lies in Alvares Samodo's Map about Long. 125. and about 26. Lat. According to others, in Long. 170.00. Lat. 24.00. See Quancheu.

The Switz Cantons, See Switzerland.

Capace, or Capaccio, Caput Aqueum, a City of the Principatus Citerior in the Kingdom of Naples; and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Salerno, in the place of Pesti, which was ruined by Frederick the Emperor in 1249. though since rebuilt again. This City lies 22 Miles from Salerno to the South, in Long. 38 52. Lat. 40. 28.

Caparra, Capara, a City of Extremadura in the Kingdom of Leon in Spain, which stands in the middle between Emerita, now Merida, and Placentia.

Cap-D-Aguer, the same with Santa Cruz in Africa.

Capelan, a Mountain in the Kingdom of Pegu beyond the Gulph of Bengala in the East-Indies. A Quarry of Precious Stones of divers Colours is found within it.

La Capelle, a Fortress in the Territory of Tierache within the Province of Picardy, towards the Frontiers of Hainault; built in the last Age to oppose the Incursions of the Low-Countries; about a League from the River Oyse. It has been many times taken and retaken.

Capernaum, or Capharnaum, the Metropolitan City heretofore of Galilee, in the Tribe of Naphtali, towards the Borders of Zabulon, near the Mouth of Jordan, and upon the Coast of the Sea of Tiberias; where our Saviour first began to preach. S. Matthew was a Publican here, when called to be an Apostle. Since Solyman reduc'd this City into Ashes, it has only been inhabited by a few Moors, who ask Money of the Pilgrims that goe to visit the holy Places.

Capes, a River of the Kingdom of Tunis in Africa, springing from Mount Atlas, and discharging it self into the Mediterranean near a Town call'd Capes, where it makes a Gulph of the same Name.

Caphareus, a famous Promontory on the East point of the Isle of Negropont, otherwise now call'd Capo del oro and Capo Figera, very dangerous to navigate. The Grecian Navy, seduc'd by N•upl••s King of Eubaea by a false Light in revenge of the Death of his Son Palimedes by Ʋlysses, being all said to have been shipwrack'd upon these Rocks.

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Capitanata, a Province of the Kingdom of Naples, which in the more antient times was call'd Apulia Daunia: bounded on the North and East with the Adriatick Sea, on the West with the County of Molise, and on the South with the Principatus Ʋlterior, the Basilicata, and the Bariano: a very fruitful well watered Country; the chief City is Manfredonia.

The Capitol, Capitolium, a famous Fortress▪ of Old Rome, founded by Tarquinius Prisous in the year of Rome 139. Perfected by Tarquinius Superbus in the year 221. Burnt in the Reign of Vitellius. Rebuilt by Vespasian. Burnt again by Lightning under Titus, and reedified with very great pomp by Domitian, who constituted a Quinquennial Celebration of Games, (which became an Aera) by the Name of Agones Capitolini, after the manner of the Olympiads. Jupiter had a Temple here in his honour, whence they denominated him Capitolinus. In this place the Christians have built a Church call'd Ara Caeli, dedicated to the B. Virgin Mary.

Capo D' Istria, Caput Istriae, Aegida, the capital City of the Province of Histria in Italy. See Cabo d'Istria.

Capo, Cabo, cap, Cape de—Aden, Ammonium, a Promontory in Arabia Foelix, next to Africa, in Long. 76. 30.

—de Alguer, Atlantis, in Mauritania Tingittana.

—de Bona Speranza, of Good Hope. Is a famous Promontory upon the most Southern Part of Africa: first discovered by Bartholomew Diaz, a Portuguese, in 1487. in 32 of Southern Lat. 50 of Long. It had this name given it by Emanuel then King of Portugal, because he hoped by the doubling it, a passage would be open by Sea to the East-Indies, as it came to pass to the great enriching of his Kingdom. The Hollanders near this Cape have a settlement of about 100 Houses with a strong Fort. The Natives are divided into several distinct Nations.

—of Cornwall, or the Lands End; the most Western Point of England.

—di Corso, a Promontory in Corsica.

—di Faro, Pelorum, the most Northern Cape of Sicily.

—of Farewel, in Greenland.

—di Formoso, in Guinea.

—de Sierra Liona, Hesperium Cornu, supposed to be the most Western Point of Africa known to the Antients; 70 Spanish Leagues beyond the most Southern Mouth of the River Niger.

—de Verde, the most, Western Point of Africa in the Division of Nigritia, South to the Mouth of the River Senega, in 14 deg. of Lat. There is an innumerable number of other Capes, which the Brevity of this Work will not admit. The Islands of Capo de Verde are a knot of small Islands, (by some taken for the Hesperides, by some for the Gorgades of the Antients,) lying demicircularly with the Points to the Sea, 150 Leagues off of Cape Verde: under the Portuguese, but not all inhabited.

Capoua, Capua, a City and Archbishoprick in the Kingdom of Naples, in the Province Di Lavoro, at the foot of Mount Tifata: 16 Miles North of Naples, and 12 from the Tyrrhenian Sea, in Long. 38. 04. Lat. 41. 00. A City that was never fortunate, and is now declining into ruins. It was built by the Lombards upon the River Voltorno, and advanced to a Bishoprick by P. John XIV, in 968. Two Leagues from the Ruines of the famous antient Capoua, that delicious City, as they call'd it, which compared itself with Rome and Carthage, and so debauched the Army of Hannibal with its pleasures, in one Winter that they quartered there after the Battle of Cannae, that they were not capable of beating the Romans any more. In 1118▪ Pope Gelasius II. held a Council here, in which the Emperour Henry V. was Excommunicated, together with Gregory VIII. an Antipope.

Cappadocia, a Province of Asia Minor, bounded to the East by the Lesser Armenia, to the South Cilicia, to the West Pamphylia and Galatia, and to the North by the Euxine Sea. It has been twice a Kingdom. The first time for 470 years successively, till the Romans overcame and changed it into a Province. The second, from the 12th▪ Century to the year 1461. by the Title of the Kingdom of Trebisonde from the City Trebisonda, till Mahomet II. Emperour of the Turks took and carri'd the King prisoner into Greece. It is now known by the name of Tocat. See Tocat.

Capraia, Capraria, Aegilium, is a small Island in the Tyrrhenian Sea, on the Confines of the States of Genoua, between the Coast of Italy to the East, and the Island of Corsica to the West: to which last it belongs, and is therefore subject to the State of Genoua: it is 18 Miles in compass, and has a Castle for its security against Pyrats: full of Mountains, but yet not barren nor unpeopled; and chiefly abounds in Goats, (from whence it hath its Name,) and excellent Wines: 36 Miles South from the States of Genoua, and 24 from Corsica. There is another Island of the same Name in the Adriatick Sea upon the Coast of Apulia; and La Palma, one of the Canary Islands, was antiently call'd Capraria.

Caprarola, a stately and magnificent Palace in S. Peters Patrimony in Italy, 25 miles from Rome, near Viterbo, belonging to the D. of Parma and built in the last Age by Cardinal Alexander Farnese. It is particularly remark'd for a whispering Room in it, where four Persons at several Corners shall understand the lowest whispers of one to another, whilst those in the middle of the Room cannot here a word that is said. It is one of the noblest structures in all Italy.

Capri, Caprea, an Island belonging to the Kingdom of Naples, famous for the Secession of Tiberius Caesar, who lived here in great privacy in the latter part of his Reign, spending his time in Debauchery and Villany. It lies in the Tyrrhenian Sea, at the Mouth of the Bay of Naples, about 3 miles from the Cape of Campanella, and is about 12 in compass. The chief Town of it is called by the same Name, and is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Amalfi; seated at the South End of the Island. The Bishops best revenue comes from Quails, which twice in the year resort in vast numbers to this Island; whence some have called him the Bishop of Quails. This Island is much mentioned in the Writers of the Life of Tiberius, and other Roman Historians.

Capsa, an antient Town in Libya Interior, defended by the Sands and Serpents of the Desarts that environ it on all sides better than any Walls and Ramparts could do, say Salust and Florus.

Carabes, Pelusium, the most Eastern Mouth of the Nile.

Carabogaana, one of the Names of Moldavia.

Caragoza, Caesar Augusta. See Saragoza.

Caraman, Caramania, a Province of the Lesser Asia, extended from East to West upon the Mediterranean Sea, opposite to the Isle of Cyprus; this Country had heretofore Princes of its own, but has now for many Ages been subject to the Turks; it includes the antient Provinces of Cilicia, Pamphylia, and a part of Caria. One of the potentest Viceroys or Beglerbegs of the Turkish Empire, takes his Title from this Province, tho his Jurisdiction is somewhat larger. The principle Cities in it are Cogni, Antiochia, and Satulia.

Caramit, Amida, Ammaea, the capital City of Mesopotamia, which is an Archbishops See upon the River Tigris. Heretofore called Constantia, from Constantius the Emperour. The Romans in this place received a great defeat by the Parthians. Long. 75. 00. Lat. 39. 30. according to the latest Maps. It is secured with good Walls, and 360 Towers.

Caragues, Salvages of Peru in the Province of Quito, towards the Coasts of the South Sea.

Caratcholi, or Karakioles, a People about the Mountain Caucasus in Asia, descended from the Hunns, and speaking the Turkish Language.

Caravacca, or Crux de Caravacca, (so called from a miraculous Crucifix there preserved, which they pretend was brought from Heaven by an Angel) is a Village amongst the Mountains in the Kingdom of Murcia in Spain, near the River Segura, upon the Borders of Old Castile.

Caravaggio, a Town in the Dutchy of Milan in Italy upon the Borders of the Bergamasco: Where Francis Sforza, Duke of Milan, gain'd a signal Victory over the Venetians in 1446.

Carbury, a Town and Barony in the County of Kildare in Ireland: and another Town in the County of Cork.

Carcanossi, a fruitful and well cultivated Country in the South of the Isle of Madagascar, where the French have established some Colonies not long since.

Carcassonne, Carcassum, Volcarum, Tectosagum, a City and Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Narbonne, upon the River▪ Atax, l' Aude, a little above its confluence with the Fresquel. Famous for Cloathing, and other mechanick Trades. It stands 5 Leagues South of Aleth, having a Castle. Long. 23. 05. Lat. 42. 40. The Diocese belonging to this City is called Le Comte de Carcassonne, the Earldom of Carcassone. The antient Earls whereof were great protectors and favourers of the Albigenses: Whence One came to be Massacred in the Church at Besiers in 1167. and a Second had his Estate confiscated to the Earl of Monfert, by a Decree of the Synod of Mountpellier in 1214. and afterwards of the grand Council of Lateran in 1215.

Carcinatus, or Carentus, the Western Bay of the Euxine Sea, which shuts the passage into the Crim Tartary, in that Neck of Land which makes it a Peninsula; and is defended by the Fort Pericop, that gives name to the whole Nation there.

Cardaillac, a Town and very antient Barony in the County of Quercy in France near Figeac, upon the Borders of Auvergne. Adanced afterwards to the honour of a Marquisate.

Cardiff, a fine Town in the County of Glamorgan in Wales, upon the South Side of the River Taf, 2 Miles from the Sea; to which belongs a very commodious Haven. This Town was fortified with a Wall and a Castle, by one Fitz-Haimon, a great Man in these parts. Here Robert, eldest Son to William the Conquerour, died after a long Imprisonment. It returns one Burgess to the Parliament. The Earl of Pembrook has a Seat here.

Cardiganshire, or Caerdiganshire, is a County in Wales lying along the Coast of the Irish Sea, and taking its Name from Cardigan, the Capital of it, which returns one Burgess to the English Parliament. A Town pleasantly situated, within 2 Miles of the River Tivy; which divides the County from Caermarthenshire and Pembrokeshire on the South, as the Rivers Torvi and Dovi divide it from Merionethshire and Brecknockshire to the East. The Tivy is well stored with Salmon.

Cardona, a Castle in Catalonia in Spain, built upon a River called the Cardoner, where there are several Mines of Salt, and which gives the Title of a Duke to the Family de Folch. It stands 3 Leagues from Solsona to the South.

Carelia, or Karelen, a Province of the Kingdom of Sweden in Finland, extended upon the Gulph of Finland. Heretofore in part under the Muscovites, but now entirely under the Swedes. Vibourg is the capital City of it.

Caremboule, a Country on the South of the Island of Madagascar, lying betwixt the Divisions of the Ampatres and the Mahafales. It is very good Pasturage.

Carencia, a Town of the antient Rugij, upon the Coast of the Baltick Sea, in Pomerania. Heretofore notorious for Three Temples dedicated to Three of the most monstrous and horrible Idols, that ever were invented amongst the Heathens.

Carentan, a Town of Normandy, upon a River of the same Name, 3 Leagues from the British Sea, and 4 from Constance to the North; which has a very strong Castle. It gives the Title of a Viscount. And was both taken and retaken in the Civil Wars of that Kingdom.

Carfagniana, Carferoniana, Grafiniana, a Valley in the States of the Duke of Florence in Italy amongst the Apennine Mountains; betwixt the States of Lucca, Regio, and Modena.

Caridia, a small Town and Gulph in the Province of Romania in the Morea, about 10 Leagues from Gallipoli, upon the Archipelago. Heretofore a more considerable place, and known to the Antients under the Name Cardiopolis.

Caria. See Aidinelli. It may be remembred, that a Council of 34 Bishops assembled in this Province in the year 366. rejected the Doctrine of the Consubstantiality of Christ with the Father, to approve of the Confessions of Faith made at the Councils of Antioch and Seleucia. § Also an antient City of the Morea, whose Inhabitants uniting with the Persians in a War once against Greece, rendred themselves so odious to their Country, that their City was rased, their Men put to the Sword and their Women treated with all manner of ignominy.

Cary, Incarus, a small Port in Provence in France, 3 Miles from Marseille to the West; famous for nothing but its Antiquity.

Cariati, Cariatum, a City of Calabria Citerior in the Kingdom of Naples, upon the Gulph of Tarento, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Santa Sa•erina, from which it lies 20 Miles from the North, in Long. 41. 36. Lat. 39. 30. It is small, yet gives the Title of a Principality to the Family di Spinella.

Caribes, or the Cariby Islands, are a knot of small Islands, whose numbers are not certainly known: they lie extended like a Bow from the Coast of Paria in America, to the Isle of Rico Porto.

Carignan, a Principality and City in Piedmont, situated upon the Po, which is here covered with a good Bridge, betwixt Turin and Carmagnole: In a fruitful Soil, and defended with a Castle.

Carin, Cyrrhus, a City of Syria, which had its antient Name from Cyrus the Founder of it: first a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Hierapolis; afterwards a Metropolis under the Patriarch of Antioch; seated upon the River Marsyas, now Quars, which falls into the Euphrates at Samosat; 45 Miles from Zeugma to the North-East, and as many from the Euphrates to the West, and 25 from Aleppo to the North. Long. 70. 10. Lat. 36. 00.

Carinola, Calenum, a small City in the Province di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Capua but the City is almost desolate, by reason of the unhealthfulness of its situation. It stands at the foot of Mount Massico, 4 Miles from the Shoars of the Tyrrheman Sea, and 25 North of Naples; giving the Title of an Earldom.

Carinthia, called by the Germans Karnten, a Province of Germany, bounded on the East by Stiermark, and the River Lavand: on the West with Saltzburg and the River Saltzach; on the North with Austria; and on the South with Carniola, and the River Dravus. The antient Inhabitants of this Country were the first in Germany that embraced the Christian Religion. It is subject to the Dukes of Austria, and being seated in the Alpes, is generally barren and mountainous: It lies along the Dravus an 100 english Miles, and is 47 in breadth. Advanced to the honour of a Dutchy. Its capital Town is Claghenfutt.

Carizath, a Province of Asia, called antiently Hyrcania.

Carlisse, Carleolum, a City and Bishoprick under the Archbishop of York; seated upon the Rivers Eden, Poteril, and Caud, in the County of Cumberland; besides which it is defended by a good strong Stone Wall, and on the West side by a large Castle, and on the East a Cittadel built by Henry VIII. A considerable place in the times of the Romans. William Rufus finding it ruined by the Danes, rebuilt the Castle and placed a Colony here, which in after times became one of the principal Bulwarks against the Scots. June 28. 1645, it was yieided to the invading People, by Sir Thomas Glemham upon honorrable Terms. In 1648. retaken for the King by Sir Philip Musgrave, who kept it not long, the Rebels overpowering all. Long. 21. 31. Lat. 54. 55. Henry I. made it an Episcopal See. In the year 1661. King Charles II. dignified this City with the Title of an Earldom in the Person of Charles Howard, whose Son Edward enjoys the same at this day, It returns two Burgesses to the Parliament.

Carlingford, a Sea-Port in the County of Louth, in the Province of Ʋlster in Ireland; about 30 English Miles East of Armagh, and 5 North of Dundalk.

Carlsbourg, Caroloburgum, a small Town in the lower Circle of Saxony upon the Weser in the Dutchy of Bremen: built by the Swedes, who at the same time gave it the Name of their King Charles X. The Danes took it in 1676. but they yielded it to the Swedes again in 1679. according to the Treaty of Fointainebleau.

Catmagnole, a strong Town in the Marquisate of Saluces in Piedmont, about 2 Miles from the Po, and 9 from Turin, in the Dominions of the Duke of Savoy ever since Charles Emanuel Duke of Savoy during the Civil Wars of France, made himself Master both of the Marquisate and it in 1588. and that the same were ceded to him by a Treaty of Peace in 1601. This Town has been taken by the French, and retaken by the Confederates in this present War.

Carmarthenshire. See Carmarthen.

Carmel, Carmelus, a Mountain in the Holy Land (or Palestine) upon the Mediterranean Sea, 50 Miles North of Jerusalem; betwixt Galilee and Samaria, in the Tribe of Issachar; about 30 Miles in Circuit, deliciously covered and adorned with Trees, Plantations, Springs, Villages, Valleys, and Caverns, which have been the retreats of the solitary in all Ages. Now inhabited by the Dr•sians, a Warlike People, who are supposed to be the Relicks of the European Pilgrims, and accordingly pay as little deference to the Port as they can. There is a Monastery belonging to the Carmelites here, whose whole Order derives their Name from the place. These carmelites regard the Prophets Elias and Elisha as their Patriarchs, whose 2 Grots, with the Fountain that sprung miraculously up at the Prayers of Elias, now under the keeping of a Mahometan Anchorite, are much honored as well by Turks, Moors, and Arabs, as the Jews and Christians. The Prophet Agabus, they say, built a Chappel upon this Mountain in the year 83. a small part thereof being yet extant. In the time of the Emperor Vespasian there was a Temple of an Oracle here, so famous, that Vespasian came in Person to consult it. Possibly it was some remains of the Idol of Baal or Beelzebub, that they used heretofore to adore in Acre, a Town below at the foot of the Mountain. The Prince of it pays yearly to the Turks for Tribute 12 Horses.

Carnarvan. See Caernarvanshire.

Curnia, Acarnania, a Province in Epirus, overagainst the •sle of Corfu or Cephalonia.

Carniola, called by the Dutch Krain, has Slavonia on the East, Friuli on the West, Carinthia and part of S•eirmark North, and Istria South: fruitful in Corn and Wine; this and Carinthia both belong to the House of Austria by descent; to which they give the Title of a Duke. The Inhabitants are part Sclavonians and part Germans: its Capital City, Laubach. This Country was a Branch of the antient Carnia.

Carolina, a Plantation of the English Quakers, upon the Continent of North America: which has its Name from Charles II. It lies between the Lat. of 29. and 36. deg. being the most Northern part of Florida. Tho the English began to plant it only since 1663. yet being extremely fruitful and temperate, the Inhabitants are already very numerous, and have built 2 considerable Town, Charles Town, and Albermarle. This Country is bounded to the South by Florida, to the North by Virginia, to the West by the Apulathean Hills, which are exceeding steep and high, and to the East by the Atlantick Ocean. The Colonies are endeavouring to improve it to Wine and Oil, which the English chiefly want.

Carolstadt, Carolostadium, a Town in Croatia, built by Charles▪ Archduke of Austria, and well fortified against the Turks; seated at the confluence of the Kulp and the Mereswiz, 2 German Miles from Meteling to the North-East; the Governour of Croatia always resides here▪ There is another of the same Name in the Bishoprick of Wurtzburg upon the Maine, 3 German Miles North of Wurtzburg. And a Third in Sweden, in the Province of Westrogrothia, built by Charles IX. upon the Lake Wever, which suffered much by the Danes in 1644.

Carpathus. See Scarpanto. Hence the Carpathian Sea, now called the Sea of Scarpanto, betwixt the Islands of Rhodes and Candia, derived its Name.

Carpenterland, a vast Country in the Terra Australis of America, lately discovered by one Carpenter, a Dutchman, who has left it his Name.

Carpentras, Carpentoracte, a City in Provence in France, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Avignon; and the Capital of the County of Venacin, under the Dominion of the Pope: 4 Leagues from Avignon to the North-East. It stands upon a very well watered Soil. Caesarius Bishop of Arles presided at a Council here in 527. in the Papacy of Foelix IV. Long▪ 25. 49. Lat. 43. 18.

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Carpi, Carpum, a small City in Lombardy in Italy, with a Castle and Principality, belonging to the Duke of Modena. It has a large Territory to it, and a Collegiate Church, built first by Aistulphus, one of the Kings of the Lombards, who died about 750. Rebuilt by Albertus Pius, who was then Prince of Carpi, with greater magnificence; and is exempted from the Jurisdiction of all the Neighbour Bishops, who have any Pretensions to it, by the Decrees of Julius II. and Leo X. This City lies 4 Leagues from Modena to the North.

Carrara, a small Town in the Province of Tuscany in Italy between Massa and Sarsina, belonging to the Prince of Massa, with the Title of a Principality.

Carrhae, an antient City of Mesopotamia upon the River Charra, remarkable in History for the Defeat of Crassus by the Parthians in the year of Rome 701. It has had the honor to be a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Edessa. This is the Charan mentioned in the Story of the Patriarch Abraham.

Carriek-Fergus, See Knock-Fergus.

Carrict, Carricta, a small Bailywick or Earldom in the West of Scotland, which has Dumbritain-Fryth to the West and North, Nithisdale to the East, and Galloway to the South. It is fruitful, and supplyed both by Sea and Land with all the necessaries of Life. The Earldom belongs now to the Prince of Scotland.

Cars. See Chars.

Carthago, Carthage, call'd by the Grecians 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, was once the most famous and potent City in Africa, and the Rival of Rome; generally supposed to be built by Queen Dido, a Tyrian Princess, An. Mundi, 3725. 72 years after Rome, 874 years before the Birth of our Saviour. But then Justin makes it to be built before Rome, and Appian before the Ruin of Troy, and this is now thought the more probable Opinion. The Learned Vossius in his Book de Magnitudine Ʋrbium, is confident that it was not only built before the Trojan War, but in its greatest Dignity, Extent and Power before that time; and that Dido was only the Repairer of it, and that it was much older than Tyre itself. But however certain it is, that it was a Phaenician Colony. It subjected by degrees, not only all Lybia, but a great part of the adjacent Islands, and the greatest part of Spain and Sicily. It sustained 3 sharp Wars with Rome, the first lasted 24 years, the second 18, and had ended in the Ruin of Rome, if the Carihaginians had but supplied their General effectually, and in time. The third lasted 3 years, and ended in the total subversion of this City, An. Mundi 3803. Yet it was made a Roman Colony, and rebuilt under the Gracchi, 25 years after the Ruin of it; and was, as Vell. Paterculus affirms, the first Colony the Romans sent out of Italy. After this it flourished greatly, and the Primate of it had 125 Suffragan Bishops under him. A Council held here in the year 348. condemned the Rebaptization of such as were baptized by Hereticks. And divers others were here assembled in the Primitive Ages, sometimes by the Catholick▪ Prelates, sometimes by the Schismaticks and Hereticks, as they are called in the Languages of their respective Communities. An. Christi 432, it was taken by Gensericus King of the Vandals. In the year 533, under the Reign of Justinian, it was recovered back to the Roman Empire. About the year 632, it fell into the hands of the Saracens, who made it Tributary only; before the year 684, they took it again, and treated the Inhabitants with great cruelty. About 690, Justinian II. recovered it again from them. About the year 703, the Saracens returned the third time, and made a third Conquest of it, ever since which time they have enjoyed it to the total ruin of Christianity, and when in 1269. it was again retaken by Lewis IX. the Saracens soon recovered it, and totally ruined it▪ This City lies 15 Miles West from Tunis; Long. 34. 50. Lat. 32. 20. § The Spaniards have given the Name of Carthage to a Town also of New-Spain in America in the Province of Costa ricca: which stands in the middle of the Country betwixt the 2 Seas.

Carthagnea, Carthago Nova, a City of Murcia in Spain, built by Asdrubal one of the Carthaginian Generals in that Kingdom. It was afterwards brought under the Dominion of the Romans by Scipio. Polybius gives an accurate Description of this City in his X Book: and Livy in his XXIV. The Moors becoming Masters of it, totally ruined that antient Pile; and it lay buried almost 600 years in Rubbish, when in 1570. Philip II. King of Spain rebuilt it. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Toledo: three Leagues from Murcia to the South, and about 84. from Gibraltar to the North-East. Long. 20. 35▪ Lat. 38. 02.

Carthagenia Nueva, Carthago Nova, a City of New Granata in South America, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Santa Fe de Bogota. Also a safe and very large Port, defended by 2 Forts, and washed by the River of S. Magdalen, where the Spanish Fleet ordinarily rendezvous. Yet was this important place taken by our famous Drake, in 1585. This was also the first place the Spaniards Walled in the West-Indies. It lies in Long. 299. 30. Lat. 3. 10. 22 Leagues from S. Jago de Arma, in the Province of Quimbaia, otherwise now called the Province of Carthagena from hence, which has the Government of S. Martha to the East, Popayon to the South, and the Ocean to the North.

Carththuel, Carduelia, a Province of Georgia in Asia, in which is Teflis, the greatest City in that Kingdom.

Cartmell, a Market-Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Loynsdale.

Casale, Bodincomagus, a strong City, the Capital of the Dukedom of Montferat in Italy. It was raised to the honor of a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Milan, by Pope Sixtus IV. in 1474. seated on the South side of the Po, with a very strong Castle built of late years; and was made famous by a Defeat of the Spaniards in 1640. when the French took this City; but in 1652. lost it again. It stands 4 Miles from Trino to the East: now under the Dominion of the Duke of Mantua▪ who is himself under the protection of the French. But the ill Air it stands in, and the Contests of Princes, has made it very thinly inhabited. § Casal or Casal Maggiore, a small Town in the Dutchy of Milan in Italy, and in the Territory of Lodi near the Po. § Casal Pustrulengo, a small Town betwixt Lodi and Piacenza in the same Country.

Casalmach, Iris, a vast River in Cappadocia, in the lesser Asia; which riseth out of Mount Argius, in the Borders of Armenia Minor, above Sebastia, now Savastia; and having increased its Streams by the addition of several Rivers, it passeth on the East of Tochat and Amasia, to the Euxine Sea; between Limania to the East, and Simisio to the West.

Caschaw, Cassovia, a City of the Upper Hungary, and Capital of the Province Abanvivar, seated upon the rapid River of Hewath, or Kunnert, which soon after falls into that of Tarcza, which enters the Tibiscus by Dob. This City is under the Emperor as King of Hungary; but was lately in a manner free, till setting up Count Teckely as their King, it was retaken by the Imperialists in 1685. who have since bridled them with a very strong Garrison. It is very well fortified, and has▪ the best Arsenal in all Hungary▪ about 4 German Miles from Esperies to the South, and 11 from Agria to the North-East, Long. 43 32. Lat. 48. 32.

Cascar, or Kasghar, by others called Chazalg, a City and Kingdom in Turquestan, in Tartary. The Kingdom of Thibet stands South of it.

Caserta, [Caserta] a small City in the Terra di Lavoro, in the Kingdom of Naples, near the River Volturno; which is a Principality, and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Capoua: from whence it stands 4 Miles to the East: Not much inhabited:

Casilimar, Halys, a River of Paphlagonia in Asia the Less, This falls into the Euxine Sea, 20 Miles West of Amisum, now Simiso.

Cashel, Cassilia, Cassellia, a City of the Province of Munster, and County of Tipperary, not far from the River Sewer; built upon a Hill, and made an Archbishops See by Pope Eugenius III. but now meanly Peopled, having suffered much from the English. It stands 23 Miles North of Waterford. In 1650. it was almost wholly burnt down. There was a Council held in this City in the year 1171.

Casimambous, a People of the Isle of Madagascar of the race of those Arabians which the Calif of Mecca dispatched thither about 200 years ago to instruct the Natives in the Arabick Language.

Casius, see Lison, a Mountain of Egypt; at the foot whereof stood heretofore a Town called Casium, famous for the Sepulchre of Pompey and a Temple of Jupiter.

Castona, Castulo, a City in the Kingdom of Andaluzia in Spain, upon the River Guadalimar, which has sometime been a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Toledo. Famous for the Defeat of the Moors in the year 1202. in the Reign of Alphonsus King of Castile; the Christians killing 200000 of them upon the spot near this place.

Caspiae Portae, are certain difficult Passes through the Rocks and Mountains near the Caspian Sea, in the Province of Schirvan in Persia; only large enough for a single Chariot 8000 paces together, leading to the Cities of Teflis and Derbent; whence they are sometimes called the Gates of Teflis; and Derbent amongst the Turks Temir Capi, that is, the Iron Gate: see Derbent. § The Caspian Mountains are a Chain of Mountains extended from North to South in Asia, betwixt Armenia and the Caspian Sea.

Cassandt, a small Island upon the Coast of Flanders over against l' Ecluse, with a Village in it and a Fortress under the Hollanders.

Cassano, a City in the Hither Calabria in the Kingdom of Naples, and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Cosenza, with the Title of a Principality: situate near a small River called Lione. § Also a great Town in the Milanese upon the River Adda, between Crema and Bergamo.

Cassel, a City in the Marquisate of Hessen, upon the River Fuld, which is well fortified. It stands 13 German Miles from Marpurg, in the Confines of the Dukedom of Brunswick; the usual Residence of the Landgraves of Hessen: antiently called Castellum Cattorum. It is a large City, well built and fortified and the Capital of the said Landgravate. § Cassel or Mont-Cassel, Castellum Morinorum, a small Town in Flanders, 4 Leagues from Bergue S. Vinoch, and at an equal distance from Aire; in a good Soil, and well fortified, with a considerable Jurisdiction belonging to it. It has been taken and retaken upon divers Occasions; but most memorable for the Battle here fought Apr. 11. 1677. betwixt the French commanded by the Duke of Orleans, and the Dutch and Spanish Armies commanded by the Prince of Orange, who proposing to relieve S. Omers (then besieged by the Duke) was repulsed in this Battel: so that the Town yielded to the French within a few days after.

Cassemir, or Chismeer, a Province of the Empire of the Great Mogul, in the hither East-Indies towards Tartary.

Casseneuil, a small Town in the County of Agenois in Guyenne in France, upon the River Lot, 5 Leagues from Agen. Formerly adorn'd with a Palace Royal, in which the Emperor Charles the Great took particular Delight, and Lewis the Debonnaire his Son was bornin 778.

Casseuil, a Town upon the Garonne in the Diocese of Bazas, in Guyenne in France. Heretofore adorn'd with a Palace-Royal, which disputes the Honor of being the Birth-Place of Lewis the Debonnaire with the precedent Casseneuil.

Cassin, or Mont-Cassin, a celebrated Abbey in the Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples; built by S. Benedict the Patriarch of the Occidental Monks, and inhabited by him. There was heretofore a City of the same Name at the Foot of the Hill upon which this Abbey stands. It was an Episcopal See under the Pope; but falling into Ruines, the See became united with that of S. Germain, a City that has sprung out of those Ruines of Cassin.

Cassiopeia, an antient City and Territory in the Kingdom of Epirus in Greece, upon the Frontiers of Macedonia. It has had the Honor of an Episcopal See, and is a different Place from the Cassiope of Pliny and Ptolemy, which stands to the Sea in the same Kingdom, and is now called Joannina.

Cassiterides, the antient Name of two Islands upon the Northern Coast of Galaecia in Spain, given them by the Greeks from the White Lead they found in them. Now call'd Zigarga, and S. Cyprian. They lie opposite to the Cap d'Orteguere.

Cassopo, a Town in the North of the Island of Corfou, heretofore called Cassiopeia, and famous for a Temple dedicated to Jupiter. It is now nothing more than a ruin'd Fortress, besides a Church under the Care of some religious Greeks; where they have a Figure of the B. Virgin that is famed for doing of Miracles.

Cassovia. Vide supra Caschaw. This City was granted to Bethlehem Gabor, by Ferdinand II. in 1620.

Cassubia, or Cassuben, a Dutchy in the Province of Pomerania in Germany, under the Elector of Brandenburg, between the Baltick Sea, Prussia, and Stetin. Colberg is one of its Principal Towns.

Castabala, Perasia, an antient City of Cilicia in Asia Minor, upon the Confines of Syria and the Gulph of Lajazzo, between Anazarbe and Adana. Diana had formerly a famous Temple in her Honor here.

Castalius, a Fountain of Phocis in Greece, dedicated by the antient Poets to Apollo and the Muses.

Castanovitza, a Castle on the River Ʋnna, which divides Croatia from Bosnia; surrendred to Prince Louis of Baden, Aug. 14. 1688.

Castel-Aragonese, a strong Town in the Isle of Sardignia.

Castel-Bolognese, a Town in the Province of Romagna in Italy under the Pope, betwixt Imola and Faiensa.

Castel-Durante, a Town in the Dutchy of Ʋrbino in the States of the Church, in Italy: famous for curious Earthen-ware.

Castel-Gandolphe, a Town in the Campagna di Roma in Italy, 12 Miles from Rome, where the Pope has a Mansion of pleasure. A Lake of the same Name, formerly call'd Albano, stands on one side of it.

Castel-Geloux, a Town and Bailywick in the Province of Guienne in France upon the River Avance: Honoured with a Collegiate Church, in which the Dukes of Albret lie interred.

Castel A Mare, or Casell a Mere di stabia, Stabiae, a City in the Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples, with an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Sorrento. It has a commodious Port upon the Gulph of Naples. The French took it in 1654.

Castel A Mare della Brucca, an antient City in the Hither Principate in the Kingdom of Naples, betwixt St. Severino and the Gulph of Salerno. It has been an Episcopal See, but not now so considerable as formerly. The Antients call it Helia, Elea, and Hielea.

Castel-Tornese, a small Town built upon a high Ground in the Province of Belvedore in the Morea, about 3 Miles from the Sea, and not far from Cap Tornese. After the taking of Patras, and Lepanto, this Town surrendred upon the first Summons to the Venetians in 1687. It had 29 Peices of Cannon in it, and commands 200 Villages or Forts in the Country thereabouts.

Castel dell Volturno, a City in the Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples, lately made a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Capoua. It stands to the Ocean, and is believed to be the Relicks of the antient Volturnum.

Castellana, or Civita Castellana, a City of St. Peters Patrimony in Italy, with a Bishops See consolidated to that of Otri, immediately dependent of the Pope.

Castellane, a Town and Barony in Provence upon the River Verdon amongst the Mountains. Since the year 1260. the Inhabitants have rebuilt it nearer to the River, because before it stood upon a Rock.

Castellanetta, a City in the Terra di Otranto in the Kingdom of Naples: advanced to the Dignity of a Principality, besides an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Taranto. Situate upon the little River Talvo about 7 Miles from the Gulph of Taranto, between the Cities Matera and Motula.

Castelnau, a small Town in the Tract of Medoc in the Province of Guyenne in France, upon a little River which falls into the Garonne, over against Blaye. § Castelnau de Bretenous, a Town and Barony in the County of Quercy in France, near the Dordogne. § Castelnau de Cernes, a Town near Podensac in Guyenne. § Castelnau de Manes, a Town near Bazas in the same. § Castelnau de Montratier, a Town in Quercy near Cahors upon a little River falling into the Tarn.

Castelnau-Darry, a Town in Languedoc, near to which was deseated and taken, the Duke of Montmorency, in 1632. not long after beheaded at Tholouse. It is the Capital of the County of Lauragais, betwixt Tholouse and Carcassone. In Latin Castellum Arianorum, or Castellavium Auracium.

Castel-Sarazin, a low but strong Town upon the Frontiers of Languedoc and Quercy in France, a little below the Confluence of the Tarn and the Garonne. Of great Fame in the Wars of Charles Martell with the Sarazens, and thence comes its adjunct Name of Sarazin.

Castiglione, a Town in the the Province of Carfagnana in Italy, in the States of the Republick of Lucca. § A second in the Hither Calabria, dignified with a Principality. § Castiglione Mantuano, a Town in the Mantuan towards Verona. § Castiglione delle Stivere, the Principal Town of a little Territory, upon the Frontiers of the Mantuan, advanced to the Dignity of a Principality. It is a strong place, betwixt Mantoua and Brescia, belonging to the Duke of Mantoua.

Castile, Castella, a Kingdom in Spain, which when largely taken is the greatest of all the Kingdoms in that Country; as containing under it the Kingdoms of Leon, Gallicia, Andalusia, Navarre, Murcia, Biscay, Granada, and Extremadura: It being the most prevailing Kingdom in that Continent; to which the rest are united by Marriages, or Conquests: Yet was it at first but an Earldom belonging to the Kingdom of Leon, and was made a Kingdom in 1016, under Ferdinando. Bounded on the East with Navarre; on the West with Portugal; on the North with Biscay, Guipiscoa, and the Asturias; and on the South with Andalusia, Extremadura, and Granada. It is divided into the Old and the New Castile; whereof the Old Castile lies more North, the New more South, arising out of the New Conquest of the Kingdom of Toledo, and other Accessions gain'd from the Moors; which

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is also more fruitful than the Old Castile. Burgos is the Capital of the Old; Madrid and Toledo the chief of the New. Long. 12. Lat. 39.

Castile D'Or, or New Castile, a large and fruitful Country in the Southern America, containing the Noble Provinces of Panama, Carthagena, Ʋraba, Venezuela, Comana, New Andaluzia, and New Granada. Bounded on the East with Guyana and the Caribes Country, on the West with the Pacifick Ocean, on the South Peru and the Kingdom of the Amazons, and on the North with the Northern Ocean. It was first discovered in Columbus's third Voyage to America by some of Castile, who therefore call'd it Castile Nuevo; and finding Mines of Gold in it, particularly in the Province of Ʋraba, they added the Name of Castile d'Or. The great Rivers Orenoque and Darien water it, besides others. The Spaniards have not been able to reduce the Natives entirely to this Day. Pearl also is found upon the Coasts.

Castillon, a Town in Perigord in the South of France near the Dordogne, where the English were defeated and their General slain, in 1451. by which Victory Charles VII. recovered the County of Guienne.

Castle-Carey, a Market-Town in Somersetshire in the Hundred of Cattesash.

Castlenovo, or Castel-Novo, a Maritime Town in Albania, upon the Gulph of Cattaro, surrendred to the Venetians after a Months Siege, October 1. 1687. in whose possession it had been reposed in antient times. The Spaniards enjoy'd it in the Reign of Charles V. till it was taken from a Garrison of 4000 of them Anno 1539, by Barberoasse, that great Admiral, who from being a Pirate, and the Son of a poor Renegade Greek of Lesbos, became the most esteem'd Sea Commander that the Ottoman Empire ever employed. The Turks having been Masters of this Place for 148 Years last past, had long infested the Adriatick Sea with Piracies from it. § There are divers Towns of small Note in Italy that carry this Name. As Castelnovo Tortonese in the Milanese. Castelnovo di Carfagnana, under the Duke of Mantua &c.

Castle Rising, a Market-Town in the County of Norfolk in the Hundred of Frebridge, which Elects two Burgesses for the Parliament. The Haven here being many years since choak'd up with Sands, has brought this Town into decay.

Caston, a Market-Town in Norfolk, in the Hundred of S. Erpingham.

Castor, a Market-Town in the Division of Lindsey in Lincolnshire, and in the Hundred of Bradley.

Castres, or Chartreux, Castrum Albiensium, a City and a Bishop's See upon the North side of the River Gout, in the County of Albigeois in Languedoc in France. This Bishoprick was first instituted by P. John XXII. in 1317. under the Archbishop of Berry; but in 1678. it was put under the Archbishop of Alby, from which place itstands 7 Leagues to the South, and 10 from Tholouse to the East. The Huguenots took and Pillaged it in 1567. It also honoured with the Title of an Earldom.

Castro, a Dutchy and Town belonging to the House of Farneze, the Dukes of Parma; but likewise challenged by the Ecclesiastical State: For in the Wars betwixt Edward Duke of Parma and Pope Ʋrban VIII. this Town, amongst others, was seised for the Pope in consideration of the Arrears of a certain Rent reserved to the Apostolick Chamber from the Dutchy, as held to be a Fief of the Church. Innocent X. razed it entirely to the ground; and in the place thereof erected a Pillar with this Inscription, [Here was Castro;] and annexed the Dutchy to his See. But the said Annexation was conditionally revoked by the Treaty of Pisa, in 1664. The admirable Palace of Caprarola stands in this Dutchy. The Dutchy is bounded on the East by S. Peter's Patrimony, the Siennese to the West, the Mediterranean to the South, and the Territory of Orvieto to the North. The City had the Honor to be a Bishop's See immediately under the Pope, till the Year 1646, that Innocent X. transferr'd the See to Acqua pendente, and quite destroy'd Castro (as we said), in revenge because the inhabitants happened to kill the Bishop that he sent thither to reside and govern. It stood about 11 Miles from the Sea near Toscanella and Corneto; environed with such Precipices as rendred the access to it very Difficult. § A City in the Terra di Otranto in the Kingdom of Naples, being a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Otranto, upon the Shoars of the Ionian Sea. Ravaged by the Turks in 1537. who carried away a great Number of the Inhabitants into Slavery. Some suppose it to be the Castrum Minervae of the Antients. § There are others of inferiour Note. One in the Hither Calabria near Cassano. A second in the Province of Abruzzo, call'd Castro Novo. A third in the Campagnia di Roma. A fourth in the Basilicate. Another in the Island of Meleos, &c.

Catadupi, a People of Aethiopia about the Cataracts of the Nile, deafned (says Tully, in Somnio Scip.) by the Noise of them.

Catalognia, a Province and Principality in Spain; bounded on the West by the Kingdoms of Arragon and Valentia, on the East and South by the Mediterranean Sea, and on the North it has the Pyrenean Hills, which separate it from France. Heretofore it had Earls of its own, who were under the Protection of the Crown of France; but in 1137. it was annexed to the Kingdom of Arragon; a mountainous but fertile Country, and well watered with Rivers. The Inhabitants are great Lovers of their Civil Liberties; and being ill us'd by some Irish Soldiers which were quartered upon them in 1640. they revolted from Spain, and call'd in the French; but during the Civil Wars of France, about 1652. they returned to their old Master the King of Spain again. By the Treaty of Peace in 1659, the Pyrenees are made to divide the two Kingdoms of France and Spain. Barcelona is the Capital City of this Country.

Catania, one of the principal Cities of Sicily, on the Eastern shoar of that Island, about forty Miles North of Syracuse. It has a Port made of late Years and is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Montreale. On the South of it runs a small River called Judicello. This City was built by the Chalcidian Greeks, as Eusebius saith. Charles V. wall'd and fortified it against the Turks and Moors, by which Securities it grew Great and Rich; but in 1669. it suffered very much by a dreadful Irruption of Mount Aetna, which stands about 20 Miles North from it: four Rivers with Fire, or melted Rocks and Earth making their Way through the Territories of this City, and bearing down all before them, passed a Mile into the Sea before those Waters were able to conquer this outrageous Fire; so that it was then thought the whole Island of Sicily would have perish'd. Aetna is observ'd to overflow with Torrents of Fire every 15 Years. K. Hiero died in this City. The Remains of an Amphitheatre with divers Inscriptions and Marks of its Antiquity are yet to be seen. Long. 39. 40. Lat. 37. 00. Our English Sandys saith, That the Bay upon which it stands is but shallow, and not capable of Ships. The Country fruitful; and the City being an Ʋniversity and not having much Trade, is the more inhabited by Gentlemen.

Catanzaro, Catacium, a City in the further Calabria in the Kingdom of Naples, with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Regio; 2 or 3 Miles from the Ocean, between Squillaci and Nicastro.

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Cataonia, an antient City and Country in Asia Minor between Cilicia and Cappadocia, in Strabo's time subject to the King of Cappadocia. Bellona had a sumptuous Temple in her honour in this City, to whose service above 6000 Men and Women were Consecrated under the direction of a Soveraign Priest who here resided.

Cateau, or Catteau-Cambresis, Castrum Cameracense, a small Town in the district of Cambresis, 5 Leagues from Cambray, and 2 from Landreci. The Treaty of Peace in 1559. by the French, said to be so disadvantageous to them, was celebrated here.

Ce Catelet, a Town in Picardy upon the River Escaut, and the Frontiers of Hainault and Cambresis. Taken by the Spaniards in 1557. and once again in this Age, but restored to the French by the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659. A considerably strong place.

Caterlagh, Catherlogh, Carlough, Caterlogum; a City in the Province of Leinster in Ireland on the West side of the River Barrow, 30 Miles South-West of Dublin; which Lionel Duke of Clarence began to Wall; and Bellingham, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, fortified with a Castle. This is also the head of a County of the same Name.

Cathness, Catnesia, Cathanesia, is the most Northern County in the Kingdom of Scotland: on the North and East, washed by the Caledonian Ocean; on the West it hath the same Ocean, and the County of Strathnavern in part; and on the South it hath Sutherland: Generally barren, little inhabited, yet it is a Bishoprick, and an Earldom.

Catolica, a Town in the Province of Romagna in Italy, between Pesaro and Rimini; so call'd in the third Century from the Catholicks of the Council of Rimini, who separating themselves from the Arians (who in the number of 400 Bishops convocated by Pope Liberius to this Council carried the Majority by a great many) came hither to say their Masses.

Catti, an antient People of Hassia and Thuringia, in Germany, who sometime passing into Holland, have left the Names of Catwick Opzee to a Town upon the Sea Coast, and Catwick op den Rhein to another upon the Rhine. In the Reign of Tiberius, the Hermanduri gave them a terrible Defeat, wherein they destroy'd both Man and Beast, upon a pretence of having Consecrated the Spoils to Mars and Mercury.

Catzenelbogen, Catti Meliboci, a Country in the Province of Weteraw in Germany under the Landgrave of Hesse Cassel. The antient Catti its Inhabitants have left it this Name. In the Year 1548. the Emperor Charles V. adjudged this Country to William Earl of Nassau who made pretensions to it: But the Arrest was afterwards cassated by the Treaty of Paslaw.

Cavado, Cavadus, a River of Portugal, which ariseth in Gallicia, and watering the City of Braga, falls into the Ocean.

Cavaillon, Cabellio, Ʋrbs Cavallicorum, a small and ill built City in the County of Venaissin in Provence in France, in an Isle made by the River Durance, within 4 Leagues of Avignon to the South-East. This is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Avignon; and under the Dominion of the Pope.

Cavan, a Town and County in the Province of Ʋlster in Ireland. The Duke of Berwick in an Action before this Town, against K. William's Forces, Feb. 11. 1689. had his Horse shot under him. It is not without a strong Fort.

Caucasus, a Part of the great Mountain of Taurus in Asia, towards Georgia, beginning about the Mouth of the River Phasis: It is very fruitful, and well inhabited by Christians, for the most part, of the Georgian Church. Full of Rocks and Precipices, and shewing the Ruins of several Castles and Churches: Yet covered at the Top with Snow perpetually.

Cauda, a River of Cumberland, which running through West-Ward Forrest, by Dauston, on the West of Carlisle, falls into the River Eden.

Caudebec, Calidobeccum, a considerable Town in Normandy, upon the Northern shoar of the River Seine, in the Pais de Caux; about 5 Miles West of Rouen, 7 from le Haure East; much Celebrated for Weaving. This is one of the Principal Towns of the Pais de Caux, which is bounded by the British Sea to the North and West; by Picardy to the East, and by the Seine to the South; and lies from East to West 25 Leagues. The Caudebec Hats come from hence.

The Caves in Wiltshire between Luckington and great Badminton upon the Edge of the County, nine in Number, of a Row, of several Dimensions; the least 4 Foot broad, and 9 or 10 Foot long, are credibly supposed to be the Tombs of some Heroick Men among the antient Romans, Saxons, or Danes; because Spurs and Pieces of Armour have been digged out of them.

Cavita de Manilha, Manilhanus Sinus, a Gulph of the Philippine Islands.

Cavours, a Town 5 Leagues from Pignerol in Piedmont under the French, near the River Peles, fortified with two Castles. It was taken by Lesdiguieres in 1594. and retaken by the Duke of Savoy the Year after. Now made a Dependant of Pignerol.

Caurestan, a great Village in the Province of Farsistan in Persia, betwixt Lar and the Isle of Ormus.

Caux, or Pais de Caux, a District contain'd within the Province of Normandy in France betwixt the Seine and the Sea; in which Diepe▪ Haure de Grace, Caudebec, Aumale, S. Vallery, &c. are comprehended. There is also of the same Name with it a Town and a Promontory.

Cawood, a Market-Town in the West-Riding of Yorkshire, and the Hundred of Barkston.

Caxamalca, a Country within the Province of Lima in Peru; adorn'd heretofore with Divers Royal Palaces of the Inca's of that Kingdom. Thirty Leagues from the Pacifick Sea, but near the River Vagna. It was here that the Noble Atabalipa King of Peru was defeated and taken Prisoner by Francis Pizarro, who basely and barbarously afterwards murthered him in 1533.

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Caxton, a Market-Town in Cambridgeshire in the Hundred of Stow.

Caxume, the Capital City of the Kingdom of Tigremahon in Abyssinia, thought to be the same with the Tenesis of Strabo, where the Queen of Sheba dwelt that visited Solomon.

Cayenne, an Island under the French in the North Sea, upon the Coast of Guyana; about 20 Leagues in Circuit; 4 Degrees from the Equinoctial Northward, and South of the Disembogure of the River Cayenne which glides betwixt the Countries of the Caribes and the Galibes. Its principal Commodity is Tobacco. The French have built themselves a Fort at Bourg, (their cheifest Settlement of about 200 Houses) and besides they guard the Harbor with Canon.

Cayernittes, some small Islands frequented by the Fishers for Tortoises, which here are to be found of the largest Size, near the Western shoar of Hispaniola in America.

Cayphas, an antient Town, so call'd from Caiphas High Priest of the Jews, who formerly re edified it, at the Foot of Mount Carmel in the Holy Land upon the shoars of the Mediterranean; 2 Leagues by Water from S. Jean d' Acre. Since Saladine demolish'd it in 1191. it has never been fortified again; and therefore now become a Village inhabited by some Moors, Jews, and Greeks.

Cazan. See Casan.

Cazares, an antient People who took part with the Hunns and the Avares in their Incursions to ravage the Empire.

Cea, Ceos, or Zee, Zie, and antiently among the Greeks call'd Hydrusca, is one of the Cyclades Islands in the Aegean Sea; whereof Julide (Julis) is the Capital City, in which Simonides and Bacchylides, the two famous Lyrique Poets, with the Philosopher Ariston, are said to be born.

Cebarsussi, a Town near Carthage in Africa, where the Donatist Bishops in 394. held a Council, and deposed Primianus Bishop of Carthage.

Cedar, or Kedar, the Hebrew name of Arabia Deserta, taken from Kedar the Son of Ismael, Gen. 25. 13.

Cedes, a great and strong Town heretofore of Judea in the Tribe of Napthali in Galilee, 4 Miles from Cephet and Capernaum: given by Joshua, after he had killed the King thereof, to the Priests and Levites. It had an Asylum in it for such as committed accidental Murder, (that is, in the Phrase of the English Law, chance Medley) pursuant to the Laws of Moses provided in that behalf.

Cedogna, Laquedoniae, an Episcopal City of the Further Principate in the Kingdom of Naples, suffragan to the Archbishop of Conza: believed by some to be the Aquilenia of Livy.

Cedron, or Kedron, a small Brook in the midst of the Valley of Jehosaphat in the Holy land near Jerusalem, passed by our Saviour a little before his Death, John. 18. 1. and frequently in Scripture mentioned upon other Occasions.

Cefalu, or Cifalu, Cephalaedis, a fair City with a good Port and a Castle in the Island of Sicily, being a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Messina, upon a Cape; whence some conjecture that its name is derived from the Greek Word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. It stands near Termini.

Celena, the Capital City formerly of all Phrygia, which being once repeopled by Antiochus Soter, he caused it to be called Apamea. See Haman.

Celtae, the antient Greek Authors give this name indifferently to the Gauls and the Germans, as some do to the Spaniards, upon the account of the Alliances of the Celtae with the Iberi. See Celtiberi. But it more particularly understands the Original Gauls, whose Empire in a part of Gallia, (from them called Celtica, the Boundaries whereof you see described under the Word Gallia) flourished in the time of Tarquinius Priscus, when Segovesus and Bellovesus Sons or Nephews to Ambigatus King of the Celtae, conducted those 2 Colonies into Italy and Germany, we mentioned speaking of the Province of Berry, whereof these People were the antient Inhabitants.

Celtiberi, a mixt People, as the name itself imports, of the Celtae aforesaid and the Iberi, or the antient Spaniards of Arragon and Castile: Recorded in History with great Honor, for their Courage and Fidelity. Florus calls them the Force of Spain. The Celtae passing out of Gallia into Spain, and there alliancing themselves with the Natives, was the Occasion of this Denomination.

Cemele, an antient City near Nice, in Provence, amongst the Maritime Alpes; of great Esteem heretofore with the Romans, and yet showing the Ruins of an Amphitheatre, a Temple of Apollo, Inscriptions, Tombs, and Canals, which were the Works of their curious Hands. Since Christianity, it became a Bishop's See, and bore the Honor thereof till either the Goths and Vandals in the sixth, or the Saracens in the seventh and eighth Centuries ruined it so, that the See was translated to Nice.

Cenchrea, the Port over against Corinth, in the Peloponesus or Morea.

Ceneda, Ceneta, a small but well peopled City, and a Bishop's See in the Marca Trivigliana, seated at the Foot of the Mountains; about 13 Miles South from Belluno, and 15 from Trevigi North-East. The Bishop is Sovereign of the City, but a Suffragan of the Patriarch of Aquileia.

Cenis, or Mont-Cenis, Alpes Cottiae, the Name of that famous Passage over the Alpes, which parts Savoy from Piedmont.

Centobrica, an antient City of the Celtiberi in Spain; which when besieged by the Romans under Metellus, placed the little Infants of Rethogenes, who had run over to Metellus, in the Breach where the Besiegers played their Battery. And though the Breach was of that Largeness as to render the Conquest of the Town indubitable, and Rethogenes himself offered his Family to be a Sacrifice to Metellus's Glory; Yet rather than so Generous a Father should see the Massacre of his own Children, Metellus raised the Siege: And the Town ravished with his Humanity and Clemency therein, voluntarily afterwards opened the Gates to him. Val. Max.

Centum Celles, an antient Town of the Province of Toscana in Italy, in which Pope Cornelius during the Persecution of Gallus was confined and put to divers Torments. It is mentioned by Pliny and Procopius. Leander Alberti calls it Ferolle or Forcelle. Others believe it is the same with that which we now call Civita Vecchia.

Ceperano, or Ciperano, a Town in the Campagna di Roma in Italy, upon the River Garigliano. P. Paschal II. held a Council here in 1114. in which William Guichard, Grandson to Robert Guichard the Valiant Norman that drove the Saracens out of Italy, was created Duke of Apulia and Calabria.

Cephalonia, Cephalenia, call'd by the Italians Cefalonia, is an Island of the Ionian Sea, just opposite to the Mouth of the Gulph of Lepanto. The Inhabitants are of the Greek Church; but with the Island, which is not above 90 Miles in Compass, subject to the Venetians. It is fruitful in Wines, excellent Oil, and in those Grapes, whereof Currans are made. The Town wherein the Proveditor or Governor resides is Argostoli; a small Place, with a tolerable good Port on the East side of the Island. There is no other Town of any Note there; but only the Villages

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of Liscuri, Finea, Erisso, Pillaro, Samo, and Lucato, after whose Names, together with Argostoli, the whole Island is divided into seven Parts that are accordingly so notified. In the twelfth Century a Bishoprick was founded here, to which the Church of the Isle of Zante is annexed. In 1224. the Venetians received this Island by a Donation from Gaio the Lord of it at that time. In 1479. the Turks took it. In 1499. the Venetians retook it and repeopled it, and have since secured it with a strong Fortress called Asso, that stands upon a high Rock, surrounded with the Sea, excepting the Reserve only of a Point of Land about 20 Paces broad to join the Castle and the Island. The Proveditor's Commission is made to continue 32 Months. The Antiens call'd this, no less than that other Island in the Archipelago, Samos.

Cephisus, a River of Phocis in Achaia, first springing up in the antient Country of Doris there, and passing by the Mountain of Parnassus, it continues its Course through Boeotia, where it receives the Rivers Asopus and Ismene: Then traversing the Lake Copae, now known by the Name of Lago Stivo, it falls into the Euripus or the Streights of Negropont. And with a little Variation from Cephisus, is now called Cefisso. The Oracle of Themis said to be consulted by Deucalion and Pyrrha stood upon the Banks thereof. § Some other Rivers of this Name in Greece are remembred by antient Authors; as likewise a Fountain at Apollonia, mentioned by Strabo and Ptolemy.

Cepuz, Cepusiensis Comitatus, a small County in the most Northern part of the Upper Hungary, towards the Carpathian Hills, and the Confines of Poland; the greatest part of which is under the Crown of Poland; though the chief Town (Leutsch) with the Southern part of the County is subject to the Emperor, as King of Hungary. John de Zapol, Earl of this County, was crowned King of Hungary in 1526.

Ceram, or Ceiram, a pretty large and well inhabited Island in the Indian Ocean, betwixt Terra des Papaous, Gilolo, &c. and the Moluccaes. Affording Spices, and the like Indian Commodities.

Ceramici, the Tuilleries of old Athens.

Cerasus, an antient Town of Cappadocia upon the Coast of the Euxine Sea, now called Chirissonda and otherwise Emid o• Omidie. In Pomponius Mela's Time, we find it was as considerable a Place as Trebizonde; assuming this name from the abundance of Cherries that grew in it, which Lucullus first brought into Italy from hence, says Athenaeus and S. Jerom, in his Return from the Conquest of Pontus and Armenia. It is very little inhabited now, and under the Turks, as all the rest of Anatolia.

Ceraunii, Acroceraunii Montes: The Greeks are us'd to call by this Name divers Chains of Mountains, whose Heighth exposes them to be struck with Lightning and Thunder: But it more especially understands those upon the Confines of Epirus, running a vast length from East to West between that Kingdom and Albania; about 50 Miles distant from the Island of Corfou: Now known by the Name of Monti di Chimaera in Chaonia, and Chimarioti.

Cerdanna, Cerdagne, Cerretania, is a County annexed to Catalaunia, and belongs to the Crown of Spain, though it lies on the North side of the Pyrenean Hills. It has Languedoc on the North, the County of Rousillon on the East, from which it is separated by the Pyrenean Hills, and on the North and South Catalaunia; divided into two parts by the River Segre [Sicoris]: the Eastern part of it has been under the French ever since the Year 1660. according to the Regulation of the general Peace in the Year precedent. The antient Cerretani were of this Country. The Capital Town whereof is Puicerda.

Ceremissi. See Czeremissi.

Cerenza, or Cirenza. See Acerenza

Cerigo, Cytherea, an Island upon the Coast of the Morea, belonging to the Venetians, between Cape Matapan to the West, and Cape Anzolo to the East. The first Island of the Archipelago towards Europe, at the Distance of 40 or 45 Miles from Candia, about 60 in Circuit; and antiently dedicated to Venus, whom the Poets represent as born at Cithera which was a Town here of so much Note as to give Name to the whole Island. The Lacedemonian Vessels from Egypt and Libya made this Island their Retreat: Sometimes stil'd the Lanthorn of the Archipelago, because it is from hence that you may see the Countenance of the Turks: and sometimes Porphyris by the Antients, from the abundance of Porphyry found in it. It is now adorned with a City standing upon a Rock, having a Castle and a convenient Port to it very strong by Nature and Art of the same Name with it self; which is also an Episcopal See, and full of People. Great Veneration is paid to the Monastery of San Giovanni della grotta here above all others belonging to the religious Greeks, because the People have been perswaded that S. John began the Book of the Revelations in the Place where it stands.

Cerisoles, a small Town in Piedmont, near Carmagnole; famous for the Victory obtained by the French, under the Conduct of the Duke d' Enguien, at 22 Years of Age, over the Marquess du Guast, in 1544. twelve thousand being kill'd upon the Place.

Cerne, a Market-Town in Dorsetshire, in the Hundred of Totcombe, standing in a Champaign Country, and watered with a fine Rivulet; considerable for its being heretofore an Abbey-Town.

Cervetere, a great and flourishing Place in the Times of the Old Romans, under the Name of Caere Vetus; the Capital of Hetruria: Now a small Town in S. Peter's Patrimony in Italy, 8 Miles from Bracciano, and 3 from the Thuscan Sea. The Tabulae Caerites in which the Censors set down the Names of Persons who for Misdemeanours were deprived of the Right of Suffrage, received that Appellation from hence. For when the Gauls took Rome, this Town entertained the Refugee Romans with so much Kindness, that they had the Honour afterwards the first of any People, as a Reward for the same, to be made a free City of Rome, nevertheless without the Right of Suffrage.

Cervia, otherwise call'd Ficocle, is a City in the Province of Romandiola in Italy upon the Adriatick, with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Ravenna. A Synod was held in it in 1634.

Cesena, Curva Cesena in Antoninus, is a City in the Province of Romandiola in Italy, upon the River Savio, with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Ravenna. It has sometime belong'd to the Bolognese, sometime to particular Families, till at last remitted to the Church. You see in it the Ruins of a Castle which the Emperor Ferdinand II. is said to have built. Pope Alexander VI. gave it to Caesar Borgia. But he did not enjoy it long. It has been many times near the being entirely ruined by Factions.

Cesse, a River in the Dutchy of Luxemburg in the Low-Countries, passing by Ham sur Lesse, near Rochfort; then by the Mouth of a hideous Cavern throwing it self entirely under Ground for the space of a League, and at its Rise again appearing with the same Freshness as it hath at its Descent. Attempts are made to search into the subterraneous Abyss in vain; for the Frightfulness of the Danger frustrates all.

Ceva, Ceba, a Town in Piedmont upon the River Tanaro, in the Borders of the Marquisate of Montisferat, towards the Apennine, and the Dictrict call'd the Langhe. This had heretofore Marquesses of its own,

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but is now subject to the Duke of Savoy. It lies seven Miles from Mondui to the South, eighteen from Savona to the North, and the same Distance from Alba to the West; being the Capital of the said District of le Langhe; with a Castle. In 1558 the French took it.

Cevennes, a Territory at the Foot of the Mount of Cevennes in Languedoc. See Sevennes. This Country was for a long time the Theatre of the Civil Wars of Religion, towards the End of the last, and the Beginning of this Age; till Lewis XIII. brought the Rebels under Subjection.

Ceurawalth, the Name of an austere Sect amongst the Banjans in the East-Indies. They so superstitiously believe the Metampsychosis, as to be afraid of killing the least Insect; and for the Mortifications of Life, they may be compared with the most Religious Votaries of any Profession whatsoever.

Ceuta, a Town and Castle in the Province of Habat in the Kingdom of Fez in Barbary, upon the Streights of Gibraltar, belonging to the King of Portugal; the Capital in former times of Mauritania Tingitana, call'd by the Romans, Civitas; by Mela, Septa; by Ortelius thought to be the Exilissa of Ptolomy. From the Romans, the Goths; from the Goths, the Arabs; from them, John I. King of Portugal took it in 1415. It has a Collegiate, with the Rights of a Cathedral Church in it: composing in conjunction with Tangier a Bishoprick under the Arch-Bishop of Lisbonne.

Ceylan, see Zeilan.

Chablais, a small Province of Savoy, North of the Lake of Geneva, with the Province of Velay to the the East, Fousigny to the South, and Genevois to the West: being part of the Country of the ancient Andates or Nandates, and the Veragrii mention'd by Caesar. The Romans call'd it Provincia Equestris and Caballica, from their breeding up of Horses in it; whence Chablais comes to be formed by a Corruption. The famous St. Francis de Sales, taking great pains to reduce the Calvinists here to their old Religion again, carries therefore the Name of the Apostle of Chablais.

Chabli, a Town in the Tract of Senonnois in France towards Auxerre and Tonnere: made remarkable in 841. by a bloody Battle fought at Fontenay near it, betwixt the Children of Lewis the Debonnaire. Now, for good Wine.

Chabria, or Cilabro, Chiabrius, a River of Macedonia, falling into the Thermaicus Sinus, or the Gulph of Salonichi, betwixt Cassandria and Salonichi.

Chaeronea, is a City of Boeotia, upon the River Cephissus, on the Eastern side of Mount Helicon, North-West of Athens; memorable for the Ruine of the Grecian Liberty, in the Defeat of the Athenian Forces, by Philip of Macedonia, A. M. 3612. and also for the Birth of Plutarch. Now not inhabited, but the Ruines are known by the former name.

Chagford, a Market Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of Wonford.

Chagra, a River between the South and North of America, upon which the Merchandises bound for Panama and Peru do pass; The Mouth of it on the North Sea being guarded by a Spanish Fort. It is thought, a communication might easily be made between the two Seas by the means of this, especially with other Rivers that fall into the Pacifick. A Town of the same Name with it stands upon its Banks. In 1670. the English Bucaniers went up it in their Canoes to plunder Panama.

Chaibar, a River in Arabia, which ariseth twenty five German Miles West of Jamama, the Capital of Arabia; and passing by Chaibar and Tajef, falls into Eda. According to some judgments, this is the Chobar of the Prophet Ezekiel.

Chalcedon, a City of the Lesser Asia in Bithynia, which was a Bishop's See, under the Patriarch of Constantinople; and of great Antiquity, much celebrated in ancient History: but now reduced to the meanness of a poor Village, call'd by the Turks Calcitin• it stands on the Mouth of the Propontis, over against Constantinople. Some believe that Scutaret is grown out of the Ruines of this City. This City is particularly remarkable on the account of the fourth General Council here celebrated in 451. In which it had the honour to be advanced to the Title of a Metropolitan Church. According to Strabo and Eusebius, this City was built in the sixty ninth year of Rome, that is, 685. before Christ. Longitude 56. 15. Lat. 43. 15.

Chalcis, the ancient Name of the Island and Town of Negropont. § Also a Town in Aetolia in Greece, with another in Syria, occurring in the Writings of the Ancients: but now unknown.

Chaldaea and Chaldei: See Curdistan.

Chalons sur Marne, Civitas Catalaunorum, a City and Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Rheimes, in the middle of Champagne, upon the River Marne; seven Miles from Rheimes to the South-East, and twelve from Troyes to the North-West. It is well fortified and built, standing in a large Plain, in which Attila lost 200000. men in a Battle with Aetius the General of the Romans, Meroveus King of France, and Theodorick, in the year 451. The Bishops are Earls and Peers of France.

Chalons sur Sone, Cabillonum, Cabillo Aeduorum, a City and Bishoprick upon the Sone, in Burgundy in France, 15 Leagues from Dijon to the South, and the same distance from Thoulon to the West. The Bishoprick is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Lyons. There are numbers of Inscriptions, Vessels, Statues, and the Reliques of ancient publick Buildings to be seen here. In 1562. the Huguenots made themselves Masters of it. It has been new fortified since; gives the Title of an Earl; and is the Capital of a little Territory called Chalonnois or la Bresse Chalonnois.

Chalus or Chaslus, Castrum Lucis, a Town in the Province of Limosin in France towards the Borders of Perigord, betwixt S. Hirier and Limoges. Richard I. King of England dyed of the Wound of an Arrow that he received at the Siege of the Castle of this place, then belonging to Widomare Viscount of Limoges, in 1199. The occasion of which Siege, see in Daniel's Life of Richard I.

Chamb, Chambum, a small Town and Territory in the Ʋpper Palatinate, upon the River Regen, seven Miles East of Regenspurgh; something more than five Miles North of Straubing. This Town with the Territory annexed makes an Earldom, which belonged heretofore to the Count Palatine of the Rhine; but by the Treaty of Westphalia was given to the Duke of Bavaria, who to this day enjoys it.

Chambery, Civaro, Chamberiacum, the Capital City of the Dukedom of Savoy, and the Seat of the Parliament of that Dukedom; It stands upon the River Laise, in a Plain ten Miles from Grenoble to the North-East: well built and beautified, and defended with a good Castle.

Chambray, see Cambray.

Chamen, Ʋrbs Chamavorum, a City of Westphalia.

Champagne, Campagnia, a great rich, fruitful, populous Province in France; bounded by Lorain to the East, the Low-Countries to the North; Picardy, la Brie, and the Isle of France to the West; and Burgundy to the South. The Earl of this County, being an Earl Palatine, was always one of the twelve ancient Peers of France. It is watered, or bounded, by six of the greater Rivers of France, viz. the Seine, the Aulde, the Marne, the Vere, the Meuse, and the

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Vannes. The Principal Cities are Chaumont Rheimes, &c. Amongst which there are four Episcopal and two Archiepiscopal See.

Champ Arrein, a small Town near Bourdeaux, where Charles the Great defeated the Goths.

Chanad, a City of Hungary. See Gyngisch.

Changcheu, two populous and Large Cities in China, with Territories of the same name belonging to them; having Jurisdiction, the one in the Province of Fokien near the Sea, ove• Nine; the other in the Province of Nanking, over Four Cities. The first is watered by the River Chan•s, the latter by the Kiang, and adorned with divers triumphant Arches.

Changte, two great Cities and Territories adjacent in China, having under their Resort, the one in the Province of Honan, six; the second in the Province of Huquang, three Cities. This last excels the fertility of the other.

Chang•a, a great City and Territory, having Jurisdiction over ten Cities, in the Province of Huquang in China: watered with divers Rivers and Lakes. The Mountain call'd Jumo, yielding great quanties of Isinglass, stands here.

Chanry, or Chanonry, a fine Town and Port, on the Eastern Shoar of Scotland, in the County of Ross, on the North of Murray Fyrth.

Chantilly, a beautiful and ancient Seat belonging to the Prince of Conde, eight Leagues from Paris, two from Senlis, and near a Forrest call'd Chantilly. It is one of the most delightful Castles in the Kingdom of France.

Chaocheu, A great City and Territory, having Jurisdiction over nine Cities, in the Province of Quangtung in China. The City is adorn'd with two stately Temples, a large Bridge over a Navigable River, and is a very trading place.

Chaoking, the Capital City of a Territory of the same Name in the Province of Quangtung in China: having ten other Cities under its Jurisdiction. It is the Seat of a Vice-Roy, and full of Noble Buildings.

La Chapelle, a Town in the Province of Limosin in France.

Chappel in the Frith, a Market Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of High Peak.

Los Chare•s, sometimes also call'd la Plata from its Capital City, is a Province of the Southern America towards the Pacifick Ocean, below the Tropick, to the South of Peru.

Chard, A Market Town in Somersetshire in the Hundred of Kingsbury.

Charente, Carentelus, Caranthenus, a River of France, which ariseth in Limosin; and running Westward, entereth the Province of Poictou; from which it passeth to Angolesine, and Sainctes; and entereth the Aquitane Sea, right over against the Isle of Oleron, between the Garonne and the Loire.

Charenton, Carentonium, a Town in the Isle of France, about two Miles from Paris to the East, upon the River Marne, where it enters the Seine. This Place was allow'd for the Exercise of the Reformed Religion, which together with its nearness to Paris, made it very famous, till the demolishing of that Religion there.

La Charite, A large Town upon the Loire in the Province of Nivernois upon the ascent of a Hill betwixt Nevers and Cosne in France. Often taken and retaken in the Civil Wars of that Kingdom. Here the Loyre is covered with a good Bridge.

Charkliqueu, A Town in Cappadocia in the Lesser Ajia, two Leagues from Tocat, standing in a fruitful Country for Wine. There is the Rock not far from it, which served in the Exile of S. Chrysostom for the place of his retreat, much frequented by the devout Christians.

Charlemont, Carolomontium, a small but very strong Town, in the most Southern Border of the County of Namur, upon the River Mose, about four Miles South of Dinant, and nine from Namur. It belonged formerly to the Bishoprick of Liege; but was taken into this County, and fortified by Charles V. in 1555. by the consent of that Bishop.

Charlemont, an old Castle in the Province of Ʋlster in Ireland, in the County of Armagh, surrendred May 14. 1690. to the D. of Schomberg, upon Articles, for want of Provisions; having defended it self for about six Months, in the midst of all the Garrisons belonging to the said General, to admiration.

Charleville, Carolopolis, a new and strong City in Champagne, in France, upon the Mose, in the Territory de Retel; between Mezieres and Rocr•y; built by Charles Duke of Nevers and Mantoua in 1609. five Miles from Sedan, For which reason it not only bears his Name, but also is substituted in part under the Duke of Mantoua, and part the King of France.

Charleroy, a new built strong Town in Namur, where the Village of Charnoy stood; built by the Spaniards in 1666. and so called from the present King of Spain. In 1667. it was taken by the French, and in 1679. restored by the Treaty of Nimmeghen to the Spaniards. It lies five Leagues from Mons to the East, upon the River Sambre.

Charley, a Market Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Leyland.

Charles-Town, the Principal Town in the Island of Barbadoes, built by the English, and so called from Charles II. of England, of blessed Memory. § A considerable Settlement in New-England has received the same Name, from the same Excellent Prince: it is adorned with a large well built Church, and several fair Buildings.

Charlieu, A Town in the County of Charolois in Burgundy, which has risen from an Abby call'd Carilocus or Carus locus in the Diocese of Mascon. A Council was here celebrated in 926. for the rebuilding of Churches, and repairing of the Ruines of the Holy Places in Palestine.

Chars, or Chirsi, Chorsa, a strong City of Armenia Major, mentioned by Pliny, as standing near the Fountains of Euphrates. It is a Bishop's See, and the Residence of the Turkish Bassa, who keeps it with a strong Garrison against the Persians. It is well fortified, and has a fine Castle.

Charolles, Carolia, Quadrigellae, one of the chief Towns in the County so called, in Burgundy, upon the River Reconse, six Leagues from Cluny and the Loyre. It is honoured with a Collegiate Church, and some Religious Houses.

Charroux, Karrofium, an ancient Abby in the Province of Poictou, not far from Berry. Du Chesne, a French Antiquary, says, it took this Name, according to the vulgar opinion, from Chair-rouge, meaning the Prepuce of Jes▪ Ch. that was cut from him at his Circumcision, and was heretofore preserved as a Relick in this place.

Chartres, Carnutum, a City, and Bishoprick of the County of Blois in France, upon the River Eure, eighteen Leagues from Paris to the South-West, and sixteen from Orleans to the North. This Bishop was heretofore subject to the Archbishop of Sens, but in 1621. was put under the Archbishop of Paris. The City is the Capital of the County of Blois; and more particularly of a little Territory call'd Chartrain from it self; and has a noble Cathedral, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, whose Smock is kept here. In 1528.

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it was advanced to the honour of a Dukedom. Divers Synods of inferiour Note have been held here. It is likewise of good Antiquity, and one of the most agreeable Cities of France, by the general contribution of all things for that purpose.

Charybdis, the notorious Gulph upon the Coast of the Island of Sicily to the South, opposite to Scylla a Rock upon the Coast of Italy to the North, made equally known by the common Proverb. Bochartus, derives the Name from Char-Obdan, in the Phoenician Language, signifying the hole of destruction. They now call it Capo di Faro.

Chaslus, see Chalus.

Chasteau-Briant, a small Town in Brittany, nine or ten Leagues from Nantes towards the Confines of the Province of Anjou: Some esteem it as the Country of the ancient Cadates in Caesar's Commentaries. There is an old Castle standing in it.

Chasteau-Dun, Castelodunum, the Principal Town in Dunois, in la Beausse in France; upon the River Lo•re, nine Leagues from Blois to the North-West. The Antients gave it the name of Ʋrbs clara. And indeed we find in the fifth Century, that it was a City with the Seat of a Bishop. But being a dependant upon the Bishoprick of Chartres, a Council soon after deprived it of this honour.

Chasteau-Gontier, a Town upon the River Mayenne in the Province of Anjou in France, and the Diocese of Angers. Divers small Councils have been assembled at it.

Chasteau-Landon, a small Town in the Territory of Gastinois in the Isle of France upon the River Loing, between Nemours and Montargis.

Chasteau-du-Loyre, A Town upon the Loyre in the Province of Maine, five or six Leagues from Mans, with the Title of a Barony. It belongs to the Demesnes of the Crown.

Chasteau-Meliand, a small Town and Chatellany in the Province of Berry in France, remark'd particularly for its Castle and a Tower said to be built in the time of the Romans.

Chasteau-Neuf, A Town in the small Territory of Timerais within the Province of Perche in France; with others of the same Name in Anjou, Berry, Bresse, &c. whereof nothing particular.

Chasteau-Pelerin, a Fortress ten Miles from Caesarea upon the Sea Coast in the Holy Land: built for the security of the Christian Pilgrims that travel'd to Jerusalem; and in the year 1217. enobled with a Palace which the Templars erected for the service of their Grand Master. It has been since neglected and nigh ruin'd.

Chasteau-Porcien, A Town and Principality upon the River Aisne in the Territory de Retel in Champagne, below Rhetel. It was advanc'd to the Dignity of a Principality by Charles IX. in 1561.

Chasteau-Regnard, a small Town in the Territory of Gastinois in France upon the River Ouaine, two Leagues from Montargis.

Chasteau-Regnaud, a little Sovereignty upon the Meuse in Champagne, in the Territory of Retelois, two Leagues from Charleville. The Town is fortified: and the Title now born by Monsieur Chasteau-Regnaud, the French Admiral, who engaged Admiral Herbert at the Bantry in 1689. May 1.

Chasteau-Rous, a Town in Berry, upon the River Indre, between Bourges and Blanc. Lewis XIII. advanced it to the quality of a Dukedom and Peerdom in 1616. It is a considerable large Town, with a good Castle and divers publick Buildings. In Latin, Castrum Rufum and Castrum Rodulphium. § Also a City and an Episcopal See in the Island of Negropont, by the Ancients call'd Carystus, by the Italians, Castel rosso. The famous Carystium Marmor comes from hence.

Chasteau-Thierry, Castrum Theodorici, a City in the Isle of France, four Leagues South of Chastres: It stands upon the Marne, in the Confines of Champagne; and is a heat City, and a Dukedom; beautified with a Castle, and divers Churches. Baudrand placeth it in Brie, twenty Leagues from Paris to the South.

Chastel-Chinon, a small Town in the Province of Niverhois in France near the River Jonne, towards the Confines of Burgundy.

Chastellet; Castelletum, a Town in Namur, upon the River Sambre, six Miles West of Namur. There is another Town of the same Name in Picardy, at the head of the Scheld, three Leagues from St. Quintin North. This latter has been fortified being a Frontier Town: but in 1674. it was dismantled.

Chastel-herault, a Town upon the River Vienne, in the most Eastern Border of Poictou, seven Miles from Poictiers to the North-East. Francis I▪ dignified this Town in 1514. with the Title of a Dukedom and Peerdom. It was often taken and retaken in the French Civil Wars.

Chastillon sur Indre, a small Town in the Province of Touraine, some say Berry, in France upon the said River. §. Chastillen sur Loing, a handsom small Town in the Territory of Gustinois in France, about 4 Leagues from Montargis upon the River Loing. §. Chastillon sur Loyre, a Town in the Province of Berry below Cosne upon the Loyre. §. Chastillon sur Cher, is in the same Province towards the Confluence of the Sandre and the Cher. §. Chastillon sur Marne, A handsome small Town in Champagne, with a Chatellany thereunto belonging between Espernay and Chasteau-Thierry. There is a noble and ancient Family deriving their Name from it. §. Chastillon sur Seyne, a pretty Town in Burgundy between Alseile-Duc and Bar-sur-Seyne, divided in two by the River that distinguishes it from all the foregoing.

La Chastre, A great Town upon the River Indre in the Province of Berry in France, between S. Severe and Chateau-Roux: imparting its Name to a considerable Family of that Kingdom.

Chatham, a long thoroughfare Town in Kent in Aylesford Lath, upon the Bank of the Medway, and near Rochester. It is the principal Station of the Royal Navy of England: and therefore well provided with Storehouses, and a Dock for the building and equipping of the same.

Chatzan, a Town in the Kingdom of Hajacan in the East Indies within the Dominions of the Grand Mogul, not far from the conjunction of the Rivers Behat and Nilab.

Chaumont en Uexin, Calvomontium, a Town in that part of the Isle of France, call'd Vexin, upon a small River, about five Miles West of Beauvais, which has a ruined Castle.

Chaumont sur Marne, called Vexin-Francois, a very fine Town in Champagne, five Leagues South-West of Joinville, and about the same distance from Grand to the West. This was first walled in 1500. and has received its growth from the hands of three Kings, Lewis XII. Francis I. and Henry II.

Chauni, Calniacum, a small Town and Chatellany in the Government of the Isle of France upon the River Oise, between Noyon and la Fere. It belongs to the Crown.

Chaxan, a City in the Territory of Chingyang within the Province of Huquang in China. The Mountain Nuiqua, famous for a Temple that is built upon it in honour of a Woman a pretended Prophetess amongst the Chinese, stands near it.

Cheadle, a Market Town in Staffordshire in the Hundred of Totmonslow.

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Checkley, a Market Town in the same County and Hundred preceding, upon the River Teane.

Chekiam, a Province of China, which has Nankim on the North, and the River Kiam; Kiamsi on the West, Fokien on the South, and the Chinian Ocean on the East; the principal City is Hamcheu: it contains eleven Cities, sixty three walled Towns, and 1242135. Families. It lies between 27. and 32. deg. of Lat.

Chelles, a Town in the Isle of France near the Marne; famous for a Nunnery founded in 662. by the Queen Bathilde. It had heretofore a Royal Mansion also standing in it.

Chelmer, a River in Essex on which Maldon is situated.

Chelmesford, Caesaromagus, a Town in Essex, twenty five Miles North of London.

Chelo, A Fort in the Province of Junnan in China.

Chelsey, a place deserving particularly to be remark'd for the Magnificent and most Delightful Hospital, begun by King Charles II. continued by King James II. and now perfected, for the refuge and maintenance of disabled, poor, and Veterane Soldiers here. This being such a stately Pile, as to surpass by confession in divers respects, the famous Hotel des Invalide at Paris. Its situation near London is better known, than that we should need to mention more.

Cheltenham, a Market Town in Glocestershire, and the Capital City of its Hundred.

Chemnis, an Island of Egypt mentioned by Herodotus. Apollo had heretofore a Temple in it. The people used to believe that it floated. § We find mention made in Herodotus of a great City also of this Name, near to Nea, in the Country of Thebes.

Chepstow, a fine Market Town on the River Wye, on the Eastern Border of the County of Monmouth in Wales. It is fortified with a Wall, and has a spacious Castle on the other side of the River; supposed to have risen first out of the Ruines of Venta Silurum (the Capital City of the ancient Silures) four Miles distant from it.

Cher, Caris, a River which riseth in Auvergne, near Clermont; and running North-West through Berry, and on the South side of Tours, a little below this last, it falls into the Loyre.

Cherazoul, a Town in the Province of Curdistan in Asia, in the Road from Ninive to Hispahan, of very difficult access from the manner of its construction within a steep and cleted Rock.

Cherbourg, Caroburgus, a Sea-Port in Normandy in France, which has a tolerable good Harbor: ten Leagues West of Constance. This Town was lost by the English in 1453. Honfleur and Beaumont stand near it.

Chersonesus Aurea. See Malaca. Some believe this to be the Land of Ophir of King Solomon's time.

Cherry-Issand, an Island on the Coast of Greenland, in the most Northern part of the World; discovered to us, and denominated accordingly, by Sir Francis Cherry. There are many Mines of Lead growing in it.

Chertsey, A Market Town in Surrey; the Capital of its Hundred, not far from the River Thames, over which it enjoys a Bridge. The unfortunate King Henry VI. was first interred without Pomp here, and afterwards removed to Windsor.

Cherusci, an Antient and Valiant People of Germany, that dwelled between the Elbe and the Weser; having the Catti and the Hermonduri their Neighbours to the South, East and West. Their General, Arminius, is often mention'd with honour by Tacitus.

Cherwell, a River in Oxfordshire, at the confluence of which with the Isis stands the most famous University of Oxford.

Chesee, Povillux, a Town in Champagne, the Inhabitants whereof claim the privilege to assist at the Coronation of the Kings of France; and to convey the Holy Ampoulle or Oil (pretended to be brought by an Angel at the Consecration of the first Christian King of that Kingdom) from St. Rheimes to our Ladies Church in Rheimes.

Chesham, a Market Town in Buckinghamshire in the Hundred of Burnham.

Chester, Civitas Legionum, Cestria, is a City and Bishoprick, on the River Dee, in the Westernpart of Cheshire; whence often call'd West-Chester; with a fair Stone Bridge over that River. In this City it was that 7 Kings of the Scots and Brittains by way of Homage, rowed King Edgar in his Barge from S. John's Church to his Palace, himself as Sovereign holding the Helm. The East-gate is accounted one of the stateliest in England; and the Rows or Galleries made along the chief Streets, for preservation against the Rain, are very particular. It was an ancient Roman Town, call'd by Ptolemy Devana: made a Bishops See by Henry VIII. who put it under the Archbishop of York. The ancient Earls of Chester fortified it both with Walls and a Castle. It is now at this day a fine Place with 10 Parishes in it, a County Palatine, and the usual passage from England to Ireland. Its Long. 20. 23. Lat. 53. 11. Cheshire, Cestria, hath on the South Shropshire, on the East Stafford and Darby, on the North Lancashire, and on the West Denbigh and Flintshire; towards the North-West it has a Promontory that runs a great way into the Sea. It abounds more in good Pasturage than Corn, well stored with Parks, and watered by the Rivers Dee, Weever, and Mersey; and the Cheese of this County, is thought the best of England. The Earldom of it belongs to the Prince of Wales.

Chesterfield, a Market Town in Derbyshire in the Hundred of Scarsdale, pleasantly seated between two small Rivers in a very good Soil. King John made it a free Borough, King Henry III. and his Barons fought that Battel hard by it, in which Robert de Ferrers Earl of Derby was taken Prisoner, and lost his Estate and Dignity. King Charles I. advanced it to the Style and Title of an Earldom in the Person of Philip Lord Stanhop Anno 1628. whose Grandson at present possesses that Dignity.

Cheuxan, an Island upon the Coast of the Province of Chekiang in China, planted by above 70 small Towns and Villages of the Chinese.

Chewton, a Market Town in Somersetshire, the Capital of its Hundred: also written Chewton-Mendip.

Chiampana, Ciampa, a Kingdom of the further East-Indies, between Couchin-China, Cambaja, and the Mare Sinicum. Pulocacien is the principal City of it.

Chiamsi, a Province towards the South of China.

Chiangare. See Galatia, a Province of the Lesser Asia.

Chiapa, a Province of New Spain in America, watered by the Rivers Gryalva and rio blanco; and for many Ages past inhabited by 4 different Nations of Indians. Its Capital City is Civdad Real.

Chiarenza, a Town in the Morea, fifty five English Miles from Patras to the South. It is a Sea-Port-Town.

Chiaromonti, Claromons, a considerable Town in the South-East part of Sicily, in the Valley of Netina amongst the Mountains, about forty Miles from Pachino to the West.

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Chiavari, Clavarum, Claverinum, a small but well inhabited Town upon the Coast of Genoua, near Rapello in Italy, towards the fall of the River Layagna. The Genouese are said to build it in 1167. and after it had been ruined, to rebuild it.

Chiavenne, vide Claven.

Chichester, Cicestria, a City and Bishoprick in Sussex, founded by Cissa II. King of the South Saxons. After the Conquest it became a Bishops See, the Chair being removed from Selsey a small Village, not much above sive Miles to the Southward. This City is seated on a River call'd the Lavant, which encompasseth it on the West and South, about six Miles from the Sea, and almost in the Western Border of that County. The Honorable Charles Fitz-Roy Duke of Southampton was created Earl of Chichester, September 10. 1675 by Charles II. his Father. It is a fair City, with five or six Parish Churches, and a Cathedral, first erected by Radulph the third Bishop, afterwards rebuilt and beautified by Bishop Seffrid the second of the Name, when it had been almost consumed twice by Fire. The Corporation elects two Burgesses for Parliament, and would enjoy a better Trade, were not the Haven choaked up that is next adjoining to •it.

Chidley, a Market Town in Devonshire on the River Tinge.

Chiemzee, or Chiempsee, Chiemium, a City and Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Saltzburgh in the Dukedom of Bavaria, about ten Leagues from Munich and Saltzburgh each. It is no very considerable place. An Archdeacon of Saltzburgh founded the Bishoprick in the year 1214.

Chieri, a Town in Piedmont, where the French obtained a signal Victory against the Spaniards in 1639. It lies three Miles to the Eastward of Turino, and was heretofore a Potent City, and a Commonwealth; but is now in Subjection to the Duke of Savoy.

Chifale, an Island in the Gulph of Arabia.

Chilafa, or Chielefa, is a Fortress on the South of the Morea, thirty eight English Miles North-West of Cape Matapan, a Place of great Importance, both as to its natural and artificial Fortifications; and surrendred to the Venetians in 1686.

Chilca, a fruitful Valley in the Kingdom of Peru, ten Leagues from Lima and six from Pachacama. The Salvages manure it with Sardines.

Chili, one of the most Potent Kingdoms of the South America. When the Spaniards entred the New World, it was first discovered by them in 1535. It lies four hundred Leagues in length from North to South, but its breadth is not great: bounded on the North by Peru, on the West by the Pacifick Ocean, or the Mar del Zur; on the South by Magellanica, and on the East by the Andes. A part of the Inhabitants of this Country retiring into these Andes, have defended their Lives and Liberties against the Spaniards ever since; and have sometimes given them great Overthrows. S. Jago is the Capital City of it. Many Mines of Gold and Quarries of Marble grow within its bowels. Yet a very cold Country, governed by a Vice-Roy in subordination to the Vice. Roy of Peru.

Chiloe or Chilue, an Island and Town belonging to the Kingdom of Chili; South of the extreme parts of that Country, in the West-Indies: giving Name to a neighbouring Gulph, called the Archipelago of Chiloe, because of the number of the Islands therein.

Chimarioti, Ceraunii, are a Ridge of very high Mountains in Albania or Epirus; which run from the North-East to the South-West, and lie not above fifty Miles North of Corfu. See Ceraunii.

Chimay, Chimacum, a Town and Castle in Hainault, in the Confines of Champagne, upon the River Alby, which falls into the Mase, three German Miles from Mariebourg to the South-West. This Town was made a Principality by the Emperor Maximilian I. in 1486.

Chimera, a City in the Confines of Macedonia, between the Mountains of Chimarioti, upon the shoars of the Gulph of Venice, which has a strong Sea-Port. It lies about 30 Miles North of Corfu, upon a Rock which has Precipices on all Sides; whither all the Country People retire when need requires; by which they have preserved themselves from the Turks, and will pay him no Tribute. They are stout Men and good Soldiers; but infamous for Theft and Robbery, preying equally upon the Turks and Christians. Yet they are Christians by Profession, and subject to the Bishop of Janina in Thessaly. Vide Wheeler's Travels. § There is a flaming Mountain, mention'd by Pliny, Strabo, Ovid, &c. in Lycia of this Name; from whence the Poets, and after those the Philosophers derive the Fiction of a Chimaera, whereby they understand a meer Creature of the Imagination compos'd of such Contradictions and absurdities in Relation to one another, as cannot possibly be any where united into a being, only in Thought: But what Occasion our Mountain gives for such a Whimsey, the Mythologists are put to others to invent.

Chi•tu, one of the Principal Cities in China, the Capital of the Province of Suchyen, on the Borders of West Tartary, between the Mountains and the River Kiam, in Long. 131. 40. Lat. 30. 40.

Chin, A famous Lake in the Province of Junnan in China, occasion'd by the total swallowing up of a great City which formerly stood in the place by an Earthquake.

Chinca, a large and beautiful Valley in the Diocese of Lima in Peru, discovered by Pizarro, whose Government by Order from the King of Spain, was limited by the River S. Jago to the North, and this Valley to the South. It yields plenty of Corn and Wine.

Chinkiang, a well built and populous City of the Province of Nanking in China, with a Territory of the same Name, whereof it is the Capital: having Jurisdiction over two other Cities. The Physicians of this place have the reputation of the best of that Faculty in all China.

Chinon, a Town upon the Vienne in Touraine in France, above four Leagues from the fall of that River into the Loyre, and ten from Tours to the South-West. It was here that the famous Maid of Orleans first came and offered her service to Charles VII. of France in 1429. And for the Situation of it, it is thought to be of that importance, as to deserve a Garrison in the Castle.

Chintin, a City in the Province of Pekin, in the North of China; having a Command over one and thirty Cities.

Chintu, a great City and Territory, comprehending nine and twenty other Cities in the Province of Suchuen in China. See Chimtu.

Chinyven, a Town in the Province of Junnan in China, situated in a Country that is rich in Silver Mines. The Fort called Loko belongs to the Government of this Town. § A second in the Province of Quiechen in the same Kingdom, with a Territory called also Chinyven, having Jurisdiction over five Cities.

Chio, an Island of the Archipelago, over against Smyrna, not above twelve Leagues from the nearest Coast of Asia; call'd by the Turks Sakisadasi, that is, the Isle of Mastick. It belonged to the Family of the Justiniani of Genoua heretofore; but in 1566. conquered by the Turks, under whom it now is. It is about eighty Miles in Circuit, very fruitful and populous, and inhabited for the most part by Christians, who live here with greater liberty, and kinder usage, than in any other part of Turkey. The Men are proud, ignorant, lazy and ugly, but the Women are beautiful; Thevenot. In the Eastern part of the Isle stands the City Chio, which has had the honour in former times to be first an Episcopal See under Rhodes, and afterwards an Archiepiscopal one. Now inhabited by Turks, Jews, Latin and Greek Christians, with the free exercise of their respective Religions. It enjoys the advantage of a good Port and Castle to enrich and desend it: and they reckon about fifteen Villages in the Island besides.

Chioza, Clodia Fossa, Chioggia, a small City which is a Bishops See in a small Island of the Adriatick, about fifteen Miles from Venice South; made famous by the Valour of the Genoese, who in 1380. took it; but it returned under the Dominion of the Venetians again. The Bishop is a Suffragan to the Patriarch of Venice.

Chiorlick, a Town in Romandiola, near to which Bajazet defeated his Son Selim, who was then in Rebellion against him.

Chippenham, a Market Town in Wiltshire. The Capital of the Hundred; upon the River Avon. It returns two Burgesses to the Parliament.

Chipping-Norton, a Market Town in Oxfordshire in the Hundred of Chadlington.

Chipping-Ongar, a Market Town in the County of Essex in the Hundred of Ongar.

Chisary, the only Town of Turcomania, the ancient Seat of the Turks in Asia; seated upon the River Euphrates, near its Head or Spring; forty five German Miles West of Testis.

Chiton, a Province of the Empire of the Great Mogul in the Terra firma of the Indies, betwixt the Provinces of Malva and Guzurate; having a City of its own Name for the Capital, in which you see the Remains of divers Magnificent Pagods or Pagan Temples; together with a Castle which serves for a Prison of State.

Chnin or Knin. The same with Clin.

Chobar, see Chaibar.

Chocolococa, or Castro Virreyna, as the Spaniards call it, a Town in the Kingdom of Peru, sixty Leagues from Lima to the South, and two from the Silver Mines of a Mountain that is perpetually covered with Snow. The Silver is fine, but the Veins not being very full of it, they pay no more than the Tenths to the King of Spain.

Chogaco, a Castle in the Lower Hungary, surrendred to the Imperialists Octob. 18. 1687.

Chogan, a Town in the Province of Xansi in China near the River Fy: remarkable for a Flying Bridge (as the Chinese call it, because it is elevated fifty Perches high in the Air)▪ which communicates a passage betwixt two Mountains on each side the River at the distance of forty Perches from one another, yet consists but of a single Arch.

Cholm-Kill, Insula Sancti Columbani, Rana, an Island in the West of Scotland, famous for a Monastery there built by Columbanus the Apostle of the Scotch Nation: it lies opposite to Knapdale: thirteen Miles North of Yea, and about fifty from New-Castle in Ireland. This is one of the five Islands called Hebudes or Hebrides. The ancient City Sodore stands in it.

Chonad, Canadum, Genadum, a City in the Ʋpper Hungary, upon the River Merish; which falls into the Tibiscus at Segedin, about three German Miles East of Segedin. This is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Colocza, and the Capital of the County of Chonad; which lies between the Rivers of Merish and Temez.

Chorasan. See Corasan.

Chotezim, Chotimia. See Cotzchin.

Christ-Church, A Market Town in Hampshire, situated betwixt the Rivers Avon and Stower at their fall into the Sea. It is the Capital of its Hundred, and has the Privilege of Electing two Burgesses for the Parliament.

Christianstad, Christianopolis, a Town of Denmark in the Confines of Sweden, adorned by Christian IV. King of Denmark. It lies in the County of Bleckling; taken by the Swedes, and burnt in 1611. which was the occasion of rebuilding it. There is a good Port to the Baltick Sea there.

Christina, a Town in New Sweden in the Northern America, built by the Swedes in the year 1640. and so called from Christina their Queen of famous Memory. The Dutch and English have since taken it from the Swedes, and the latter again from former.

Chthonia, a very ancient Name of the Island of Crete.

Chucheu, a great City and Territory, extending its Jurisdiction over nine other Cities in the Province of Chekiang in China; set about with Mountains, but the Valleys thereof are fruitful enough.

Chunking, the Capital City of the Territory of this Name in the Province of Suchuen in China, having nineteen old Cities under its Command. It is one of the most Magnificent Places in China.

Chudleigh, a Market Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of Exmister. The Lord Clifford has a Noble Seat here, to whom it gives the Title of a Baron.

Chulmleigh, a Market Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of Witheridge.

Church-Stretton, a Market Town in the County of Salop in the Hundred of Munslow.

Churnet, a River of Staffordshire.

Chu•ei, a People of the ancient Province called Chuta in Persia, who being transplanted to Samaria (whence afterwards called Samaritans) and there adoring the Idols that they brought with them of the Gentile invention, were infested with Lions out of the Desart, till they gat a Jewish Priest to instruct them in the manner of the God of the Land. And then they served their Idols, and the God of Israel together. This transplantation happened upon the carrying away of the Jews Captives to Assyria. 2 Kings 17. The men of Cuth, v. 30. meaning these Chutes.

Cibola or Civola, a Province of the Southern America, the same with what the Spaniards call New Granada, from a City of that Name of their building.

Cicones, an ancient People of Thrace, near the River Hebrus. Ovid mentions them upon the occasion of a River in their Country, that would petrisie the Bowels of such as drunk of it.<blockquote>Flumen habent Cicones, quod potum Saxea reddit Viscera, quod tactis inducit marmora rebus.</blockquote>Cicules or Zeckels, a People in the North of Transylvania towards the Confines of Poland, thought to be a remainder of the Huns under another Name, or else derived from Tartary. In Religion they are generally Calvinists or Socinians. They possess seven several quarters thereabouts, whereof the Capital Town is Neumark.

Cilicia, a Province of Asia the Less, lying along the Coast of the Mediterranean, with Cappadocia and a part of Armenia to the North. Now contained in the Province of Caraman, and sometimes called Finichia. Tharsus, Pompeiopolis, Lajazzo, are the principal Cities of it.

Cillei, Cilleja, Celia, a Town in Stiria, upon the River Saana, which soon after falls into the Drave. The Capital of a County of the same Name; about five Miles from the Borders of Carniola Northward.

Cimbri, the Origine of this ancient People lies under dispute; as whether descended from the Scythians, or the Saxons, or the Danes; or whether the same with the Cimmerii. Cluverius supposes that they did anciently possess the Cimbrica Chersonesus. It is certain, that about the year of Rome 639. these People marched with an Army of 300000. fighting Men, besides Women and Children, in search of a New Country to live in. And being joined by the Teutones, the Ambrones, the Tigurii, and others in the way, they ravaged Germany, Istria, Sclavonia, the Grisons, Switzerland; till met and overcome by Marius in a very bloody Battle in the Field, called Campus Marii, between Aix and S. Maximin near the little River Arc in Province, Anno Romae 652.

Cimmerii, the ancient Name of a People in Italy, that dwelt in subterraneous Caverns near the Lake Averno; and of another towards the Euxine Sea, from whom the Bosphorus Cimmerius derives its denomination. Whether of these two occasioned the Proverb Cimmeriae Tenebrae, from the darkness of their habitations, the Learned make a difference not worth the determining.

Cinaloa, a Province of New Mexico in the South America, bounded by Guadalajara to the South, and to the North by the Vermiglian Ocean.

Cinan, a great City in China, in the Province of Xantum, in the North-East of that Kingdom, in Long. 145. Lat. 36. It is adorned with divers stately Palaces and Pagods. The Jesuits have also a Church here: and nine and twenty other Cities lie under the Jurisdiction of this.

Cinca or Cinga, a River of the Kingdom of Aragon in Spain, springing from the Pyrenees below Bielsa; afterwards joining the Segre about Fraga, and ending with the Ebro. Lucan styles it Cinga rapax.

Ciucheu, see Quancheu.

Cingary, a People of Africa.

Cingcheu, a great City in the Province of Xantung in China, with a Territory containing thirteen Cities more. The Territory is full of Hills, yet not defective in the Necessaries of Life.

Ciolfa or Zulpha, a Town of Armenia upon the River Aras; desolated by Scha-Abas King of Persia, and all the Inhabitants carried away into Persia and setled in Gilan and Hispahan there, for to promote the Trade of Silks.

Cioutat, a fair Town and a secure Port in Provence in France, betwixt Marseilles and Thoulon; adorned with divers Churches and Religious Houses. Particularly, at a Monastery of the Services hard by it, there is a remarkable Fountain ebbing and flowing with the Sea. The Name is but a Corruption of Civitas.

Ciradio, a River of Corsica.

Cirencester, Corinium, Durocornovium, Cornovium, an old Roman City in Glocestershire, upon the River Churne, about twelve Miles South-East of Glocester. Here the four Proconsular ways made by the Romans, crossed each other; and vast numbers of Roman Coins, Inscriptions, &c. have been digged up. But this City was so ruined by the Saxons and Danes, that what is walled in, is not a fourth part of it inhabited; the rest being Fields and Orchards: the Inhabitants subsist mostly by Clothing. It was taken by Prince Rupert by Storm, Feb. 2. 1643.

Cirenza. See Acerenza.

Cirrha, an antient Town in Phocis upon the Gulph of Corinth near the City Delphes, to which it serv'd as a Port; giving the Name of Cirrhaeus Sinus to a Part of the same Gulph.

Cirte, or Cirtha, an antient City of Numidia in Africa; called afterwards Constantine, being the Capital of the Province of Constantine in the Kingdom of Algier. In this City, we read in Salust that Jugurtha kill'd Adherbal the Son of Micipsa King of Numidia. It became an Episcopal See in the Primitive Ages of Christianity. A Council was assembled at it in 303. by Secundus Primate of Numidia, wherein almost all the Bishops of that Province were convicted of the Crime of Traditores, that is, delivering up their Bibles to the Infidels in Persecution A Second in 412. whereat S. Austin assisted.

Cithaeron, a Mountain of Boeotia consecrated amongst the antient Poets to Bacchus.

Citta di Castello, Tifernum, Tiberinum, a Town in the Dukedom de Ʋrbino, in the Ecclesiastical State, upon the River Tiber, 10 Miles from S. Sepulcher. It has a small Territory annexed to it, called il Contado di Castello, under the Popes Dominion; of which this City is the Capital.

Citta di Chieti, Teatea, a City in the hither Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples, near the River Pescara, 7 or 8 Miles from the Adriatick. Whence

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the Order of the Religious Theatines derives their Appellation; one of their Founders having sometime been Bishop hereof.

Citta-Ducale or Reale, a City in the further Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples, being a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Chieti. It stands upon the River Velino, 15 Miles from Aquila, within the States of the Church.

Citta Nova, a City of Histria in Italy, with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Aquileia, at the fall of the River Quieto into the Adriatick: In a bad Air and consequently little inhabited. Called Nova because built since, and a little below the Ruines of the antient Aemonia.

Citta della Pieve, Civitas Plebis, a small Town in the Perugine in Italy belonging to the Ecclesiastical State.

Citta di Sole, a well fortified Town in the Province of Romagna in Italy upon the little River Fagnone, belonging to the Grand Duke of Tuscany.

Citta Vecchia, Medina, or Melita, a City in the Island of Maltha, with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Palermo, situated upon a Hill in the middle of the Island, having formerly been the Capital thereof.

Cittadelli, Cittadella, the Capital Town with a Port and some Fortifications of the Island of Minorca.

Civdad Real, a City in the Province of Chiapa (thence▪ commonly it self call'd Chiapa) in the South America, being a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Mexico; whereof the famous Bartholomeo della Casa was Bishop in the last Age. § There is of this Name a Town in New Castile in Spain, upon the River Guadiana, between Calatroua and Almagra. The same is a large Town in a fruitful Plain, but not very well peopled.

Civdad-Rodrigo, a City of the Kingdom of Leon in Spain upon the River Agujar and the Frontiers of Portugal. It is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Compostella. Supposed to have been built by Ferdinand II. in the Year 1200. for a Rampart against the Portugueze.

Civencheu, a great City in the Province of Fokien in China, with a Territory of the same Name annexed to it, commanding six old Cities. This City is extraordinarily traded; and in its Temples, Palaces, triumphant Arches and Houses, appears an admirable and magnificent Place. A little West of it is to be seen the Bridge of Loyang over the River Loyang, 360 Perches long, about one and an half broad, so curiously contrived with great Pillars instead of Arches, and so finely imbellished with Sculptures, as no where to find a Parallel in the World.

Cividad del Roy Philippo, a Colony of Spaniards planted in Magellanica, at the Mouth of the Streights of Magellan; but dissipated by Famine again, it being far remote from their Countries and seldom visited.

Civita Nova, a small Town in the Marcha Anconitana in Italy 5 or 6 Miles from Loretto, and near the Adriatick, upon a Hill; dignified with the Title of a Dukedom.

Civita Busella, Bucellum, a Town in the hither Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples upon the River Sangro.

Civita Vecchia, a famous Port in S. Peter's Patrimony in Italy; believed by some to be the Centum Cellae of the Antients.

Civitella, a Town in the farther Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples, upon a Rock, with the River Librata at the Foot of it. Besieged by the French in 1557. under the Duke of Guise in vain.

Clagenfurt, Clagenfurtum, Claudia, the Capital Town of the Dutchy of Carinthia in Germany, • Leagues from the River Drave, and the same Distance from S. Veir. There is a great Lake near it. It is a fortified Town. See Klagenfurt.

Clain, Clanis, Clitis, a River of the Province of Poictou in France, which having received the Vonne, the Cloūere, &c. passes by Poictiers, and loses its Name at length in the Vienne below Chasteleraud.

Clairvaux, Clarevallum, a famous Abbey of Champaigne, upon the River Aube, in the Diocese of Langres, 5 or 6 Leagues from the said City: Founded in the Year 1115. by the Great S. Bernard: Himself being the first Abbot: Who left above •00 Religious in it at his Death. Hence the Title of Abbas Clarevallensis given that very Divine Person.

Clare, Clarence, Clarentia, a Country-Village in the County of Suffolk, upon the River Stour which divideth Essex from Suffolk; about 6 Miles West of Sudbury. It had once a Castle, but now ruined; yet famous for the great Men who have born the Titles of Earls or Duke of it: The last of which was George Duke of Clarence, Brother to Edward IV. King of England, who in 1421. was drowned in a Butt of Malmesey. The second King at Arms retains the Surname of Clarencieux, as appertaining formerly to the Dukes of Clarence. At present the Title of Earl of Clare, is in the Family of Hollis. § There is also a Town and County in the Province of Connaught in Ireland, of this Name; the former standing near the Fall of the River Fergus into the Shannon.

Clarendon, or Clarindon, is a Noble Country House and Park, belonging heretofore to the Kings of England, about 2 Miles North of Salisbury in Wiltshire. Famous of old, for a Parliament here held in 1164. where were made the Constitutions of Clarindon. Charles II. of blessed Memory added a new and lasting Honor to this Place, when April 20. 1661. three Days before his Coronation, he created the Loyal Edward Hide (late Lord Chancellor) Earl of Clar•ndon, Viscount Cornbury, &c. who dying at Roüen in Normandy in 1674. was succeeded by Henry his eldest Son, a Person of great Virtue and Goodness.

Clarentia, or Clarenza, a Country in the Morea, described to contain the antient Achaia, (properly so called) Sicyonia and Corinth. Heretofore renowned under particular Dukes of its own. The capital City bears the same Name of Clarenza.

Claros, a mountainous Island of the Aegean Sea, consecrated in antient times to Apollo. Called at present Calamo. § The Name of Claros is likewise born by a Town, now unknown; but mentioned we find amongst the Antients, as belonging to the Colophonii in Ionia: Apollo having had an Oracle in it, and his Attribute thence deriv'd of Clarius Deus.

Claven, Cleven, Clavenna, a small City in the Valtoline, with an Earldom call'd by the Germans the Graffschaft von Cleven. This City stands 5 Leagues from the Lake that bears its Name, to the North, upon the River Maiera; called by the French, Chiavenne.

Clausenbourg, Claudipolis, called by the Inhabitants Coloswar, is the principal Town in Transylvania; great▪ populous, and ennobled with an antient Castle. All the Publick Affairs of that Principality are transacted, and Justice administred here. It stands upon the River Samosch, nine German Miles from A'ba Jùlia North, and fifteen from Waradin East. The Duke of Lorrain put into it an Imperial Garrison, Oct. 19. 1687. upon Articles agreed in a peaceable manner by the Magistrates and Governor for the late Prince Abafti.

Clay, a Market-Town in the County of Norfolk and the Hundred of Holt.

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Clazomenae, the Birth-place of the Philosopher Anaxagoras; an antient City of Ionia in Asia Minor, built in the Year of Rome 98. upon the Aegeun Sea, betwixt Smyrna and Chio.

Clebu•g Mortimer, a Market-Town in Shropshire, in the Hundred of Stottesden.

Clerac, or Clairac, a Town in the County of Agennois, in Guyenne in France; 4 Leagues from Agen, and the same Distance from Nerac. It stands upon the River Lot which a little below falls into the Garonne. And has a famous Abbey in it.

Clermont en Argene, a Town in the Dukedom of Bar, upon the River Ayr, four Leagues from Verdun West, and seven from Barleduc North-East. This belongeth to the Duke of Lorrain, but in 1654. was taken from him, and annexed to the Crown of France. It is honoured with the Title of an Earldom.

Clermont en Auvergne, Arvernae, Claromons, Claromontium; the principal City of the Province of Auvergne, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Bourges. It stands upon a declining ground in a Territory called Limaigne, which is very fruitful, upon the River Tiretaine; twenty Leagues South of Moulins, and twenty five East of Limoges. Here was a General Council celebrated in 1095. under Pope Ʋrban II. in which the Croisade for the recovery of the Holy Land was concluded, and Godfrey of Bouillon declared General of the same. Also Philip I. King of France was excommunicated, until his repentance, for Adultery. This is thought to have arisen out of the Ruines of Gergovia, an old Roman Town. It is honoured with the Title of an Earldom belonging to the Crown ever since the Union of Auvergne with the Crown.

Clermont on Beauvais, a Town in the Isle of France, five Leagues South of Beauvais▪ in the North-East Border of that County. The Earldom of this place is famous for giving a beginning to the Royal House of Bourbon, in the Person of Robert of France, Earl of Clormont en Beavais, the Son of St. Lewis.

Clermont de Lodeve. a Town in Languedoc upon the River Lorgue, four and twenty Leagues from Avignon West. So distinguished, because standing in the Diocese of Lodeve. It gives Name to an Honourable Family, and is beautified with a Collegiate Church, a Cattle, and some Monasteries. § There are other Clermonts in this Kingdom: One in Danphine in the Territory of Viennois, giving the Title of an Earldom, and its Name to an Honourable Family. Another in the Province of Ansou, from which there is also a House of Quality denominated.

Cleri, Clariacum, a small Town near Orleans upon the Borders of the Province of Sologne in France; where Lewis XI. lies interred in a Church dedicated to the Virgin, of his own establishment; pretending to Miracles.

Cleveland, a Tract in the North Riding of Yorkshire of good extent, taking its Name (says Mr. Cambden) from the Cliffs running along the side of it, at whose feet the Country spreads it self into a fine fruitful Plain. King Charles I. did this place the honour to make it give the Title of an Earl to Thomas Lord We••••orth: who dying without issue, King Charles II. created Barbara Villiers Daughter to the Lord Viscount Grandison (who was slain in the Civil Wars) and Wife to the present Earl of Castlemain, Dutchess of Cleveland.

Cleves, Clivia, Castra Ʋlpia, Calonis, a City and Dukedom in Germany; called by the Inhabitants Cleef; by the French, Cleves; and seated upon a small River about three Miles from the Rhine. Heretofore much greater, as appeareth by the Ruines about it; and thought to have been built by Caesar. The last Duke dying in 1609. a War happened, in which the Duke of Brandenburg seized one part of this Dukedom, and the Duke of Newburgh another: the Hollanders in the mean time by Mauritius their General in 1628. seized the City of Cleves. But in 1672. the French having taken this and all the other Towns possessed by the Hollanders, and in 1673. being no longer able to keep them, he put them into the hands of the Duke of Brandenburgh. The Dukedom of Cleves is bounded on the North and West with the Dukedom of Guelderland; on the East by the Bishoprick of Munster, and the Earldom of Marck; on the South with the Dukedom of Berghe, and the Bishoprick of Cologne. The Rhine divides it into two equal parts.

Clichy, Clipiacum, a small Village near Paris, which the former Kings of France delighted in as a place of Pleasure. King John instituted the Order of the Knights of the Star in it. Dagobert I. was here married to Commentrude or Gomatrude his first Wife, from whom he was afterwards divorced, because she proved barren. A Synod was also held here in 659.

Cliff Kings, a Market Town in Northamptonshire in the Hundred of Willibrook.

Climeno, a Port in the Island of Sancta Maura, on the Coast of Epirus, thirty English Miles North of Samo. Here the Venetian Fleet rendezvoused in the year 1687. See Mr. Wheeler, pag. 36.

Clin, an important Fortress in Dalmatia not far from Scardona; surrendred to the Venetian Forces, commanded by General Cornaro, Sep. 12. 1688. after a fortnights Siege; whereupon 150 Christian Slaves received their Liberty.

Clissa, a Fortress in Dalmatia, taken by the Venetians in 1648.

Clitheroe, A Market Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Blackburn, which returns two Members of Parliament.

Clitumno, Clitumnus, is a small River in the State of the Church in Italy; it ariseth in a place called Le Vene, from three Springs beneath the Village Campello, two Miles from Trevi; and running Westward, watereth Fuligne; then falls into the Topino, which entereth the Tiber five Miles beneath Perugia.

Clogher, Cloceria, a small City and Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Armagh in the County of Tyrone, in the Province of Ʋlster, upon the River Black VVater: fifteen Miles East of the Lake of Earne, and twenty five West of Armagh.

Cloucy, Clona, an old ruined City in the County of Cork in the Province of Munster, fifteen Miles from Lismore South, and twenty five from Cork South-East. Heretofore a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of T•am, but now a Village.

Clonefert, Clonefertia, a small ruined Irish City in the County of Gallway, in the Province of Connaught, upon the Shannon; fifteen Miles from Gallway East, and twelve from Athlone South. This was a Bishoprick under the same Archbishop with the former.

Clonmel, the Assize-Town for the County Palatine of Tipperary in the Province of Munster in Ireland, upon the River Showre; considerably strong, handsome, and rich.

Cluid or Clyd, Glota, Cluda, is one of the principal Rivers in Scotland; it riseth in Craufurdmuir, not far from the head of Twede; and running North-West by Lanrick, passeth by Glasquo; fifteen Miles beneath which, it falls into Dunbrittainfyrth: it gives Name to Cluisdale, Cluesdalia, Glottiana, or the Valley of Cluid. § Cluid, a River in Denbighshire, which passeth on the West of Ruthin and S. Asaph, through the delightful, fruitful and healthful Valley of Cluid, to the Irish Sea; which it entereth five Miles

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beneath S. Asaph, carrying with it the Streams of ten other small Rivers.

Cluny, Cluniacum, a famous Abbey of the Benedictines in the Territory of Masconnois within the Dukedom of Burgundy, founded in the year 910. It gives Name to a small Town upon the Grosne, four Leagues from Mascon. The Popes, Gregory VII. Ʋrban II. and Paschal II. with a great number of Cardinals and Bishops have been given to the Roman Church by this Abbey; which is so very large a Foundation, that we find it lodged at once, S. Lewis King of France, Baldwin Emperour of Constantinople, Pope Innocent IV. the two Patriarchs of Antioch and Constantinople, twelve Cardinals, three Archbishops, and abundance of Secular and Ecclesiastical Nobility of their Relations and Attendants, without obliging the Religious to quit any of their ordinary Apartments, in the year 1245 after the Celebration of the first General Council of Lyons.

Clusium, or Chiusi, a City in the Dukedom of Florence in Italy, with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Sienna, upon the Borders of the Ecclesiastical States. It stands in a Valley called Chiana near a Lake of the same Name, and heretofore was the Capital of Hetruria under King Porsenna; call'd likewise Camers, says Livy. This is a different place from Chiusi novo in the same Dukedom, which stands towards the Sources of the Tiber.

Cnidus, see Gnido.

Coa, Cuda, a River of Portugal which riseth East of Guarda, and falls into the Douro at Almendra, a Village about ten Spanish Miles East of Lamego.

Coanza, a River in the South part of the Kingdom of Congo in Africa; springing from the Lake of Zaire, and thence running to throw it self into the Aethiopick Ocean near the Isle of Loanda.

Coblentz, Cobolentz, Confluentes, a strong and populous City, seated where the Moselle and the Rhine meet, twelve Miles North-East of Trier, and ten from Cologne to the South. Heretofore an Imperial Free Town, but in 1312. by Henry VII. exempt, and now subject to the Elector of Tri•r•▪ A••u•phus one of these Electors in 1250. first walled it. Gaspar à Petra, another of later times, much improved its Fortifications by drawing a Line from one River to the other, with Fortifications after the most regular Modern way. The situation hereof is very pleasant, having a Stone Bridge over the Moselle, and another of Boats over the Rhine; and on the opposite Shoar of the Rhine, a very Noble Palace of the Electors; two large Wings of which, and the Front, with five Pavilions, stand towards the River. In the German Wars, the Spaniards put a Garrison into this Town, which was beaten out by the S•edes: and when the French had in later times wheedled the Elector out of his strong Castle, the Emperour's Forces seized upon the Elector (Philippus Christoph•rus) and carried him away to Vienna. In •60. ••nder Charles the Bald, here was a Council, or Diet held • and in 922. another under Henry II. The Marquis de Bous••er• came before it in November 1688. with seven or eight thousand French; but retired with the satisfaction only of having shot into it •• great •• any Bombs.

Coblentz, a Village in Switzerland upon the Rhine, where the Arola [A•r] fall• into it, in the Borders of Schu••••n, seven Miles from Basll to the West.

Cobourg, Melocatus, a small Town in Fra•co••a upon the River Itsch, in the County of Henneberg, and in the Borders of Thi••ingen, under the Dukes of Saxony; which has also a fine Castle. It stands 8 Miles from Smaleald to the South-East, and 5 from Bamberg to the North.

Cocas, Cochias, Caucasus, a Mountain in Asia.

Cocco, Laus, a River of Calabria.

Cochin, Cochinum, a City of the East-Indies, near the Promontory of Malabar; called by the Portuguese Cochim, by the Italians Cochino; the Capital of a Kingdom of that Name, and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Goa. It has a large Haven and Fort called S. James's Fort, built by the Portuguese in 1503. The Country is very well watered and fruitful; antiently called Colchi as some think; but however the Portuguese were Masters of it ever since they built that Fort, till 1663; when the Hollunders took it from them. The Kings of this City have always born a great Kindness for the Portuguese: And when at first the King of Calecut would have destroyed them, he took part with them against him, and protected them; and when the Hollanders had beaten them out, the present King refused to be Crowned in the usual Place, till the Portuguese were restored to it. This City stands 36 Leagues from Calecut to the South, and is watered by a fine River. The Country about it yields much Pepper. Those they call the Christians of S. Thomas have the Liberty of their Religion here; using an Office of the Chaldean Language. Long. 105. 00. Lat. 10 00. There is another Town of the same Name in the Island of Lemnia, but now ruin'd.

Cochin-China, call'd by the Inhabitants Cachucyna, and by the Portuguese Cauchin-China, or Couchin-China, is the most Easterly Kingdom in the East-Indies, on the Continent; bounded on the North by the Kingdom of Tungking, on the West by a People called Kemis and its own Desarts, on the South by Tsiompa or Ciampa, and on the East it has a vast Bay of the Ocean, call'd after its own Name, the Gulph or Bay of Cochin-China, opposite to the Isle of Hainan. Alexander de Rhodes, a French •esuit, has lately given a large Account of this Country, which is subject to a King of its own; and stands divided into si• Provinces, each under a subordinate Governour.

Cockermouth, a Market-Town in the County of Cumberland, situated upon the River Cocker, near its fall into the Derwent; by which two Rivers it is almost surrounded. About 8 Miles from the Sea, with a Castle upon one of the Hills adjoining to it.

Cocytus, the antient Name of two Rivers; the one in the Kingdom of Epirus, the other near the Lake of Averno in Italy. The Poets call one of their four fictitious Rivers of Hell by this Name.

Coclosyria, the Region betwixt the Mountains Libanus and Antilibanus in Asia, in which the River Orontes springeth.

Coesfield, a small but strong City of Westphalia, upon the River Berkel; about 5 German Miles from Munster to the North. The Bishop of Munster doth often relide in this Place.

Coetquen, or Coesquen, a Town and Castle in Brittany, near Dinan•, which gives name to a Family of Honor. Henry III. advanc'd it to the Dignity of a Marqinsate in 1575.

Coeworden, Coevorden, Baduhennae Luc•s, Covordia, is a very strong and fortified Town in the Prov•••e of Overyssel in the Low-Countries▪ the principal Town of Dren•e, standing in the Marshes near the Borders of the Bishoprick of Munster, who has formerly possessed it; but it is now in the Hands of the Du•oh; it lies about a Mile from the River Ve••t, (Vidru•,) and two from Hardenberg to the South-East. It was often taken and retaken in the Civil Wars of the Low-Countries.

Coggeshal, a Market-Town in Essex in the Hundred of Lexden.

Cognac, Con•cuin, Campiniac•m; a Town in the Dukedom of Angoumo•s in France, upon the River Chara•te, betwixt Jarna• and X••ntes. It stands in a fine fruitful Soil, for Wine especially. Francis I.

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King of France, being born here, built it a Fortress. In the Year 1238. there was a Council held at it. In the Civil Wars of France it was taken and retaken: Nevertheless accounted a place of Strength.

Cogni, Iconium, a City of Cappadocia, in the Lesser Asia. which is now great and well peopled; the See of an Archbishop, under the Patriarch of Constantinople; the Capital of Carmania, and the Seat of a Turkish Bassa. Still made more famous in 1658. by a Victory obtain'd against a Bassa Rebel. It lies over against the Western Cape of Cyprus, about 30 German Miles from the shoars of the Mediterranean Sea. In the Year 256. a famous Council of the Bishops of Cappadocia, Galatia, Cilicia, and the neighbouring Provinces was held here, declaring the Baptism of Hereticks null; an Opinion which occasioned great and long Dissentions afterwards amongst Christians.

Cogoreto, a small Town upon the Coast of Genoua, where Christopher Columbo the Discoverer of the New World was born. It lies 10 Miles East of Savona, and is under the Republick of Genoua.

Cohan, Albanus, a River of Albania.

Coimbra, Commbrica, a City of Portugal, mentioned by Antoninus, but now destroy'd. There is another call'd by that Name in the Province of Beira, which sprung out of the Ruines of the former. It is built upon a Rock, and therefore sometimes called Aeminium; upon the River Munda (now Mendego;) 32 Leagues from Lisbon to the North, and is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Braga. In 1550. John III. King of Portugal removed hither the University, which had been settled before at Lisbon. Seven Kings of Portugal were born and three died here. It has the Honor also to bear the Title of a Dukedom.

Coire, Chur, Choira, the capital City of the Country of the Grisons, upon the River Plessur, a little below the Rhine; between Chiavenne, Glaris, and Appenzel. The Grisons ordinarily hold their Diets at it. Though the inhabitants profess the Opinions of Zuinglius; yet they allow a Toleration to a few Roman Catholicks under a Bishop residing at Marsoila, but taking his Title from hence; who is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Mentz, and has the Honor to be a Prince of the Empire.

Coisnon, Coetus, a River of France.

Colachz, Araxes, a River of Armenia.

Colalto, a Town and Castle in the Marcha Trevisana in Italy, dignified with the Title of an Earldom.

Colan. See Coulan.

Colberg, a Town or small City in the Dukedom of Pomerania, upon the shoars of the Baltick Sea, having a strong Castle at the Mouth of the River Persant; six German Miles from Coslin to the West, and three from Treptow to the East. This Town was taken from the Swedes in 1641. by the Duke of Brandenburg after a tedious Siege; and confirmed to him since by the Treaty of Westphalia. The making of Salt here has rendred it considerable. Long. 38. 12. Lat. 54. 20.

Colchester, Colonia, Colcestria, a considerable Town or City in Essex, mentioned by Antoninus by the Name of Colonia: Seated on the Ascent of a steep Hill, upon the Southern Bank of the River Colne, from whence it takes its Name. It has had fifteen Churches within the Wall, and one without, which Eudo Sewer to Henry I. built in 1105. There is also a Castle built by Edward Son of Alfred. The Inhabitants pretend that Helen the Mother of Constantine the Great was born and brought up here; and that she was the Daughter of an imaginary King Coel, who lent his Name to their Town. Being fallen into great Poverty and Decay in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, She settled the Bays-Trade here, which has infinitely enriched and peopled it. It was first seized by the Royal Party, June 13. 1648. then besieg'd by the Parliaments Forces till Aug. 28. following, and forced to surrender by Famine; when, not contented to sine the Inhabitants 14000. l. (to which the Factious contributed nothing;) they shot Sir Charles Lucas, and Sir George Lisle to death under the Castle, who were the Chief Commanders. Many of the Churches also were ruined in the Siege, which now stand as sad Monuments of Fanatick Fury, and Rebellious Rage. The Right Honorable Thomas Savage, Earl of Rivers, is Vicount of Colchester. § There is another Town called Colchester in Northumberland.

Coldingham, Coldana, a small Town in Merch or Mers in Scotland, in the South-East Part of that Nation; famous for the Chastity of its Nuns, in the times of the Danish Wars, mentioned by Bede; if the same with Cold-stream. And no less famous for the Encampment of the late Duke of Albemarle there, when with the Forces of Scotland, he marched for the Redemption of England from Anarchy and Slavery.

Colebrook, a Market-Town in Buckinghamshire in the Hundred of Stock upon the River Coln.

Coleshill, a Market-Town in Warwickshire in the Hundred of Hemlingford upon the River Cole. The Lord Digby has a Seat near this place.

Colford, a Market-Town in Glocestershire in the Hundred of Briavells.

Coligni, a Town in the Franche Comté, adorn'd with the Title of an Earldom, and giving name to a Family of Honour there. It is epitheted Coligni the Old, to distinguish it from Coligni the New, in the Province of Bresse. Some believe it was one of the Colonies that the Romans established amongst the ancient Gauls.

Colla•, a rich and trafficking Town of the Kingdom of Peru in the South America, two Leagues from Lima, to which it serves as a Port properly, wherein a large Fleet rides in safety.

Colli, a small City in the Dukedom of Florence in Italy, with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Florence. So called from its Situation upon a little Hill about fifteen Miles from Sienna.

Collo, Ampsaga, Alcol, a great River in Mauritania, (now the Kingdom of Algier,) the Mouth of which is at Culhu in Africa.

Collorede, a Gastle in the Province of Friuli in Italy, giving its Name to an honourable Family.

Colmar, Colmaria, a City of Alsatia Superior, which is the Capital of that Country: It sprung out of the Ruins of an old Roman Town called Colonia Argentuaria; and stands upon the Rivers Lauch, Durus, Fetcht, and Illa, two German Miles from Brisach to the West. Once an Imperial Free City, fine and strong; but now in the Hands of the French, who in 1673. dismantled it: It is situate in a fruitful Plain.

Colmars, Colmartium, a strong Town in Provence, upon the River Verdon, eight Leagues from Digne to the East, and as many from Sens to the North-East. This Town suffered very much by Fire in 1672.

Colme, a River of Flanders, which runs by St. Vinox.

Colne, a Market-Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Blackburn; upon a little Hill. § Also a River of Buckinghamshire, which severs part of that County from Middlesex.

Colochina, a Sea-Port-Town on the South of the Morea; about ten Italian Miles South of Misiera, or Sparta: which gives Name to the Eastern Bay, next Cape Matapan.

Colocza, Colocia, ad Statuas Colossas, a City and Archbishoprick in the Kingdom of Hungary, upon the

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Danube, about ten Miles from Buda, eighteen from Segedin. This Town has been in a ruinous condition; but being recovered by the Emperor from the Turks in 1686. it is hoped it may in time return into its ancient Prosperity.

Cologne, Colonia Agrippina, Colonia Ʋbiorum, called by the Inhabitants Coln, is an Archbishop's See in the Empire of Germany, whose Bishop is an Elector; yet the City an Hanse Town, and one of the biggest in Germany, sixteen Miles South of Maestricht. The Name of Agrippina comes from the Mother of Nero, who being born here sent a Colony to it, as a Testimony of her Greatness. It is not only a great and strong, but a rich and populous City, and lies in the Form of an Half-Moon, upon the Rhine. Therefore sometimes entituled the Rome of Germany. They reckon 365 Churches, great and small, in it; amongst which you see the Tombs of the three pretended Kings that vifited our Saviour in his Cradle by the Guidance of a Star: Commonly called the three Kings of Cologne, because of these their Relicks brought hither from Miban and to Milan from Constantinople, as they tell you. The famous S. Brunb, the Carthusian, was born here. Divers small Councils have been assembed at it. Pope Ʋrban VI. in 1388. erected here an University. It was under the French from the Expulsion of the Romans, to the Reign of Otho I. since when it has been under its Archbishops▪ Of very ancient times it was a great Favourer of the Reformation. And in the last Age two of its Archbishops embraced that Church. The Learned Dr. Edward Brown has given it a noble Description in his Travels, pag. 113. and to him I must refer the Reader. Of the Election of the Cardinal of Furstemburgh to this See, vide Bonne. Long. 28. 31. Lat. 50. 55.

Colomey, Coloma, a City of the Black Russia, in the Province of Pokutiae, upon the River Prat, towards the Confines of Moldavia, nine Leagues from Halitz to the South. Having suffered very much from the Rebellious Cossacks, it is now become a Village remarkable for nothing but its making Salt.

Colomiers, or Columiers, Colomeria, a small Town in the Province of Brie in France, upon the River Morine, five or six Leagues from Mea•x.

Colophon, an ancient City of Ionia in Asia the Less; now called Altobosco, and Belvedore; which has sometime been a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Edessa. It pretends with others to the Honour of giving Birth to Homer. And in the Days of Antiquity was particularly renowned for excellent Cavalry.

Colossis, or Colosse, an antient City of Phrygia in Asia the Less, upon the Confines of Caria and the River Licho. Now called Chonos by the Greeks. It has been an Episcopal, and afterwards an Archiepiscopal See. Made universally known by S. Paul's Epistle to the Primitive Christians that were here.

Coloswar. See Clansenburgh.

Columb Magna, a Market-Town in Cornwal, in the Hundred of Pider.

Columbo, a City in the Isle of Ceylan, in the East-Indies, built by the Portuguese, on the West Side of that Island; but taken from them some years since by the Hollanders.

Columpton, a Market-Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of Hayrudge.

Coluri, an Island in the Gulph of Engia, called formerly Salamine or Salamis; which pretends to the Honour of being the Birth-place of Homer; and is famous in ancient History for the Defeat of Xerxes's vast Fleet.

Colzim, a Mountain of the Desart of Gebel in the Kingdom of Egypt, a days Journey from the Red Sea. There is a Monastery of Religions standing upon it, called S. Anthony's.

Com. See •om.

Coma, Como, Comum, and Novo Comum, a City in the Du•ohy of Milan, upon a Lake of the same Name, (a hundred Miles in Circuit, in Latin called Lar••s Lacus) seventeen Miles North of Milan. It is a rich, large, and handsom City; and gave Birth to the ancient Poet Caecil••s mentioned in Ca•ullus, to the younger Pliny, to the Historian Paulus Jovius, and to the late Pope Innocent XI▪ who was chosen Pope Sept. 21. 1676. and died Aug. 12. 1689. in his seventy eighth year.

Comachio, Comacula, a City of Romandiola, a Province of Italy, in the Dukedom of Fer•ard, which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Ravenna▪ and under the Dominion of the Pope. It is little, and not well inhabited, by Reason of the badness of the Air; being seated in a Marsh amidst the Lakes that are made by the Po, three or four Miles from the Adriatick: giving Name to the Valley of Coma•chio. It lies twenty Miles from Ravenna to the North, and forty from Bologna to the East; and belongs to the See of Rome. The Venetians in 932. almost ruined it.

Comagena, the ancient Name of a Country in Syria; which, as we find in Josephus, was a Kingdom in the Time of Mar• Anthony, who overcame (he says) Antiochus King of Comagena. Afterwards made by the Romans a Province: Its chief City being Samosata; a place famous for giving Birth to Lucian, and Paulus Sam•sa•e•••• the Patriarch of An•ioch.

Comana, an ancient City of the Kingdom of Pontus in Asia the Less, upon the River Iris, having been a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Neocaesarea. And famous in the Times preceding Christianity, for a Temple dedicated to Bellona. § Another of Cappadocia upon the River Sarus, with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Melitene.

Comania, a Country of Asia betwixt Georgia to the North, and the Tannais to the South; for the most part under the Turks and Moscovites. It enjoys a fertile Soil▪ but ill cultivated; the People chusing rather to live by Robbery than their honest Industry▪

Comb-Martin, a Market-Town in Devonshire, in the Hundred of Branton.

Comenolitari, Thessalia, a part of Maoedonia.

Comine, Cuminum, a small Island in the Sicilian Sea, belonging to the Order of the Knights of Malta, who have built a Castle in it. It lies betwixt Maltha and Gozo.

Cominges. See S. Ber•• and de Cominges.

Commetcy, Commeroium, a small City in the Dukedom de Barrois, in Champaigne, six Leagues from Clermon• to the South. It is seated on the West Side of the Moselle or Meuse.

Comm•ites, a Town and Castle in Flanders; upon the River Lis, near Messines, giving Name to an Honourable Family.

Como. See Coma.

Compiegne, Compendium, a City in the Isle of France, of good Esteem; in the County of Senlis, upon the River Oise, which a little lower falls into the Aisne; seventeen Leagues from Paris to the North, and five from Soissons to the West. In the year 833. King Lewis the Debonnaire, by the Conspiracy of his three Sons and the Sentence of a Council of Bishops here, was deposed▪ Clotharius the •••st King of France, and Lewis the Bald Emperor and King of France, died both here: the latter in 879. who built here also a Monastery, and adorned the City with so many magificer▪ Edi••ces, that it was for some time called Carolopolis, or Charles ••wn, from him.

Complutum. See Aleala. The Biblia Complutensia have that Name after the old one of this.

Compostella, Brigantium, Janasum, Compostella, the Capital City of Galaecia in Spain, upon the River

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Sar or Sardela; which in 1124. was by Pope Calixtus II. made an Archbishops See, instead of Merida, then in the Hands of the Moors. The Bones of S. James the Apostle are said to rest here in a celebrated Church, thence called S. Jago di Compostella; the Steeple of which was built by Lewis XI. King of France, in 1483. But Alphonsus the Chast, King of Gallaecia, had erected the Body long before upon an Hill in 835. out of the Ruins of Ira Flavia, an old Roman Town. There is a small Castle and an University here: Alphonsus I. King of Castile was also here born: it stands thirteen Leagues from Cape Finisterre, the most Western Promontory of this part of Spain. Long. •1. 00. Lat. 43. 00. by the Maps 8. 19. 43. 00.

Compostella Nueba, is a City of America in New-Spain, in the Province of Xalisco, not far from the South-Sea, an hundred Miles from Guadalaxara to the West. It was for some time a Bishops See; but being in a bad Air and barren Soil, the See was translated thence to Guadalaxara in 1570. They formerly call'd it Villa de Spiritu Santo.

Cona, Conos, see Colosse: a City of Phrygia, much celebrated of old; now ruined by the Turks.

Conca, Crustuminum, a small River of Ʋmbria in Italy, which riseth in the Dukedom of Ʋrbino from the Appenine near Leopoli, and falls into the Venetian Gulph, six Miles South-East of Rimino. There was heretofore a City of the same Name; now eaten up by the Sea.

Concarneau, Concarneum, a strong Town and Port in Britany in France, four Leagues from Quimperley to the East, saith Baudrand.

La Conception, a small City in America, in Paraguaia, at the fall of the River Ʋrvaig into Rio de la Plata: with another of the same Name in Chili, which is the most considerable place there, & the ordinary Residence of the Governour of the Province: walled and secured with a strong Cittadel, upon the Pacifick Ocean, over against the Island of S. Vincent. § The Spaniards have given this Name to a Town by them built in the Province of Mechoacan in the Kingdom of Mexico, which secures the Road of Mechoacan to the Silver Mines of Zacateca; besides to divers others in Califernia, Hispaniola, &c.

Conches, a small Town in Normandy, three or four Leagues from Eureux, in a Territory called Ouche. There is an Abbey standing in it.

Concorde, a Country in the Terra Australis, beyond the Indian Ocean, call'd t'landt van Eendracht by the Hollanders, who discovered it in 1618. as they were searching a passage to go to the Moluccae's. luca's.

Concordia, a ruined City of the Province of Friuli in Italy, the Bishop whereof resides at Porto di Gruaro, and is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Aquileia. They write, it became abandoned in Attila's time.

Condapoli, a City in the Kingdom of Golconde in the Hither East-Indies, with a strong Fort upon a Mountain, betwixt the Cities Golconda and Candavera.

Conde, Condate, an ancient Roman Town in Hainault, upon the River Haisne, where it entreth the River Escault, two German Miles North of Valenciennes. This, though a strong Town, was taken by the French in 1655. and lost in 1656. But Lewis XIV. retaking it in 1676. is still possessed of it. The Title of it has been, and is still, born by many of the Princes of the Blood Royal of France: there is a small Village of the Name also, seated about a Mile West from this fortified Town.

Conde sur Nereau, Condaeum ad Norallum, a Town in the Territory of Veuxin in Normandy upon the River Nereau, which soon after falls into the Orne, betwixt Vire, Falaise and Argentan.

Condom, Condomum, a small City, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Bourdeaux. It stands upon the small River Baise two Leagues from Nerac, four from the Guaronne, and six from Aux; in the Province of Guyenne: the Capital of the Territory of Condomois, and first made a Bishops See by Pope John XXII. in 1327. It was taken and much abused by the Huguenots in 1569. This is the Condomium Visconum of the Ancients. The late Bishop of Condom, now of Meaux, has made this City as remarkable and as much spoken of, by his Writings, as the greatest Town in Europe.

Condrieu, Condriacum, a pleasant Town at the foot of an Hill in Lionnois in France, upon the Western Shoar of the Rhosne; two Leagues from Vienne to the South, and seven from Lion to the same Quarter; famous for excellent Wines. Baudrand observes, that some write this Name Coindrieu, though improperly.

Congleton, a Market Town in Cheshire in the Hundred of Northwich upon the River Dane.

Conflent, a part of the County of Rousillon, near the Pyrenean Hills and Cretania; the chief Town of which is Villa Franca. Once a part of the Kingdom of Spain, but now under the Crown of France.

Congedo, Cogedus, a River of the Kingdom of Arragon, which falls into the Xalon near Baubula.

Congo, Congum, a Kingdom on the Western Shoar of Africa in the Lower Aethiopia; which by the Portuguese is comprehended in the Lower Guinea, and was once very great; containing Congo, Angola, Metamba, Cunda, Lulla, Anunda, and the Kingdom of Loangh in trust; which Countries are yet in some Maps ascribed to Congo, though it is above one hundred and fifty years since they revolted from it. Congo properly so called, is a small, but fruitful, well cultivated spot of Ground: on the West it has the Atlantick Ocean, on the South the Kingdom of Angola and Bengala; on the North the Kingdom of Loangh, and on the East the Kingdoms of Cangela and Metamba: watered with the Rivers Zaire, Coanza, and Lelunde. The principal City is S. Salvador, where the King resides. He and the greatest part of his Subjects are Christians, under one Bishop. They have suffered very much from the Portuguese, and by Wars; as Bandrand acquaints us from Jacinthi à Vetralla, a Capuchin, who lived many years amongst them.

Coningsberg, Regi•mons, called by the Poles Krolowice, is a great City, the Capital of Prusia Ducalis, and a Hanse Town, at the Mouth of the River Pregel, twenty Miles East of Elbing. It has a Castle and a fine Haven, and came into the hands of the Duke of Brandenburg in 1525. having before that time belonged to the Teutonick Order, who built it in 1260. Here was also an University opened in 1544. by Albert Duke of Prusia.

Coni, Cuneum, a City in Piedmont, called by the Inhabitants Cuno. It is seated at the conjunction of the Rivers Stura and Grez, thirty six Miles from the Port of Vintimilia upon the Mediterranean Sea Northward, and the same distance from Turino to the South, built in 1150: And in 1641. taken by the French, under the Duke de Hartcourt. But since

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in the Possession of the Duke of Savoy. The French have besieged it in the present War under Monsieur Cattinat, but were forced to rise again, and leave it in the possession of its Duke.

Connaught, Connacia, is one of the four great Provinces of Ireland; bounded on the North by Ʋlster, on the East by Leinster, on the South by Mounster, and on the West by the great Western Ocean. It contains seven Counties, Slego, Mayo, Roscommon, Letrim, Longford, Gallway and Clare, or Tomound. Ptolomy calls its ancient Inhabitants, Gangani and Concani. Strabo, Coniaci and Conisci. When the Parliamentarians had fully subdued the Irish about 1655. they took up a resolution to transport all the Heritors of the Romish Religion into this Province; which is separated from the rest of Ireland by the River Shannon, and the Mountain of Curlewe; reserving to the English the Forts, Cities, and fortified Towns, the Passes, and the Sea Shoars for Garrisons; to secure them from any further Attempts of that Nation; a Design which had been proposed before by Spencer, and thought easie; but it proved otherwise. Elench. Motuum, Part 2.

Connor, Coneria, a small City in the Province of Ʋlster, in the County of Down, upon the Lake Cone, toward the North-West Corner of the said Lake: the Bishoprick is united to that of Down, under the Archbishop of Armagh; sometime ago possessed by the Eloquent Dr. Jeremiah Taylor, who died Bishop of this Diocese.

Conquet, Conquestus, a fine Port in Britany in France, fourteen Leagues South of Brest. The Town though small, is neat, rich, and well built: taken by the English in 1416.

Conserans, Consorans, a Territory in the Ʋpper Gascogny, on the Borders of Languedoc, which bounds it to the East, as Cominges and de Foix doth to the West; having Catalonia on the South, which is divided from it by the Pyrenean Hills; and on the North, the Bishoprick of Pamiers. Its greatest extent is from North to South along the River Salatum. § Conserans, or S. Lizier de Conserans, Civitas Consorannorum, and fanum Sancti Licerii, the principal City lies upon the said River, about twelve Miles from Tholouse to the South. This City (though small) is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Aux, called by late Writers S. Lizier; but the People maintain the old Name of Conserans.

Constance, Constantia, Constantz, Constanza, is a famous City of Germany, upon the Boden Sea, or Lake of Constance, where the Rhine falls out of that Lake, seventeen Miles from Ʋlm to the South-West. A free Imperial City, though under the Protection of the House of Austria. It has its Name from Constantius Clorus, the Father of Constantine the Great, and is a strong and populous City. There was a Council held here in 1094. But that which has made it so very well known, and often spoken of, is the great Council in 1414. procured by Sigismund the Emperor, which deposed three Popes at once, and elected a fourth, Pope Martin V. who owned the Papacy to be subject to a Council. In the fifteenth Session of this Council, the Errors of Wickliff were severally recited and condemned. Also Sentence of Fire passed upon John Huss, non obstante his Grant of Safe-Conduct from the Emperour, which said Sentence was executed July 6. 1415. In the 21 Session they passed the like upon his Disciple, Jerom of Prague; and that also was accordingly executed May 30. 1416. The House of Austria got a footing in this City in 1558. and when the Swedes in 1634. attempted to drive them out by force of Arms, they miscarried. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mentz. The Bishop is a Prince of the Empire. Long. 31. 30. Lat. 47. 30.

Constances, a City of Normandy. See Coutance.

Constantia Tomi, a City of Mysia Inferior, now Bulgaria, which lies upon the Sea.

Constantine, the Capital City of the Province of Constantine in the Kingdom of Algier, rich and well built, standing in a Soil that is exceeding fruitful of Corn. Some remains of the Works of the old Romans are yet extant here.

Constantinow, Constantinova, a small Town in Volhinia in Poland, upon the River Horin, twenty five Polish Miles from Caminieck to the North-East. Near this place the Poles were beaten by the Revolted Cossacks in 1648. who possessed themselves of it, and committed great disorders: But in 1651. the Tide of Fortune turned, and the Poles beat the Cossacks in the same place.

Contessa, a considerable Sea-Port-Town on the Archipelago in Macedonia, sixty-five English Miles from Thessalonica to the East.

Conty, Contejum, seu Contiacum, a Borough in Picardy in France, upon the River Alce, which falls in the Somme, four Leagues from Amiens to the North-East, and five from Baupalme to the South-West. This place is honoured with the Title of a Principality, and worn by a Branch of the House of Conde.

Conversano, Cupersanum, vel Conversanum, a City in Bari, a Province in the East of the Kingdom of Naples, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Bari; distant fifteen Miles to the South from thence, as it is thirty from Taranto to the North. This City stands amongst the Mountains, and is of no great Circuit; but gives the Title of Earl to the Family of the Aquaviva's.

Conway, a Market Town and Castle Royal in the County of Carnarvan in Wales, in the Hundred of Lechwed Issaph.

Conza, Consa, Compsaconsa, a small City in the Principatus Ʋlterior, in the Kingdom of Naples, which is an Archbishops See: it stands at the foot of the Appennine upon the River Ofanto; very small, twenty six Miles from Salerno East, and twenty five from Benevento to the South-East. The Archbishop resides not in it (it consisting not of above two hundred and twenty Souls), but at S. Menna. This was the Country of the ancient Hirpini.

Coos, Cos, see Lango.

Copa, a Town upon a River so call'd of Asia, near the Lake Maeotis.

Copeland, the South part of the County of Cumberland, lying betwixt the Rivers Duddon and Derwent in the Archdeaconry of Richmond and the Diocese of Chester.

Copenhagen, Codania, Hafnia, Haphnia, called by the Inhabitants Klovenhaven, by the Germans Coppenhagen, by the Hollanders Kopenhaven, is the principal City of Denmark, the Capital of the Island of Zealand, great and well fortified. It stands on a Plain, with a new strong Castle, and a large Haven, upon the North-East Shoar of the Island, over against the County of Schonen. This City was of old called Stagelbourg, and afterwards Axelhus; and by the People had its present Name given it, which signifies the Merchants-Haven: in 1161. here was an University erected, to which, by Pope Sixtus IV. the same Privileges were granted with those of the University of Bologna in Italy. In 1535. it received the Reformed Religion: in 1659. the Swedes besieged it in vain: in 1660. it was made an Archbishops See. It lies four Danish Leagues from Rotshilt to the East, and four from Elsenore to the South, in Long. 35. 20. Lat. 56. 28.

Cophtites, Coptae, a seperate Church of Christians in the Kingdom of Egypt under a Patriarch of their own; following the Opinions of Eutyches and Dioscorus to this day, notwithstanding the repeated endeavours of the Roman See to diswade them from that belief. The Patriarch takes the Title of Patriarch of Alexandria, and keeps his Residence at a Monastery of S. Macarius about twenty Leagues from Cairo. The Abyssinians are in part submitted to this Church. They have many Monasteries in Egypt, and one particularly in the house whither Joseph and the Virgin with our Saviour retired, to fly the Persecution of Herod. They use the Trine Immersion in Baptism. Yet at Jerusalem, there is an Apartment in the great Church of S. Sepulchre allotted for their use.

Copranitz or Caproncea, Copranitza, a strong Town in Sclavonia, which is one of the Bulwarks of the House of Austria against the Turks. It stands two Leagues from the Drave, four or five from Canisa, and the same distance from Waradin.

Corasmines, a People of Persia descended from the ancient Parthians, who fell upon Palestine in the twelfth Century (by permission from the Sultan of Egypt) with Fire and Sword, took Jerusalem, destroyed above six thousand Christians, and likewise defeated the Army of the three Military Orders of Jerusalem in a Battel before Gaza (which held two days successively) in the year 1244. Yet this Race being driven out of Palestine by the Sultan of Egypt again, came to perish miserably by the hands of the Sarazens.

Corax, two Mountains of this Name are mentioned, the one in Aetolia, the other in Sarmatia, by the ancient Geographers. § There is a Lake so called in the Province of Mongul in Tartary.

Corbach, Corbachium, a Town in Hessen in Germany, called by the Inhabitants Cuirbach; six Miles from Cassel to the East, and three from Waldec to the South-East, in the County of Waldeck. This was once a free Imperial City: but in 1396. the Count Waldeck seized it, and has it still in possession: in Long. 30. 31. Lat. 51. 20.

Corbeil, Corbelium, Josedum, a small Town upon the Sein, in the Government of the Isle of France, seven Miles from Paris to the South; and only observable on the account of the Bridge over the Seine; except that it sustains the Title of an Earldom; and that Ingeburde Wife to Philip the August King of France died here in 1236. The Huguenots attacqued this Town in vain in 1562.

Corbie, Corbeia, a little City in Picardy, upon the River Somme, which was heretofore well fortified, being then a Frontier Town. This has a Monastery founded by Bathilda Queen to Clovis II. King of France in 660. In 1637. it was taken by the Spaniards, but soon after recovered by the French; it stands sour Leagues from Amiens to the East; being dignified with the Title of an Earldom. § There is another place in Westphalia called Corbie by the French, but Corwey by the Germans. See Corwey: which is therefore call'd Corbeia nova, and the former Vetus for distinction in Latin Writers: or the one Gallica, the other Saxonica.

Corck, a County, City and Haven in Mounster in Ireland. The City is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Cashell, from which it lies thirty five Miles South, and about ten from Kingsale to the North. There are two other Bishopricks united to it for ever. The Wall and Castle of this City are considerably strong. Yet a Garrison of about 5000 Irish surrendred it to the English under the Earl of Marleborough, Sept. 28. 1690. after two or three days Siege, and were all made Prisoners of War.

Corcu, Eleusia, an Island near Cyprus.

Cordilleras, a Chain of Mountains near 1000 Leagues long to the East of the Kingdom of Chili in America, reaching from Peru as far as to the Streights of Magellan▪ and having divers considerable Mines in the Bowels of them, but extreamly cold upward▪

La Tour de Cordovan, a famous and celebrated Light-House in Aquitain in France, at the Mouth of the Guaronne; built upon a small Rock, and encompassed with the Ocean; which was rebuilt with great Magnificence by the present King of France, in 1665.

Corduba, an ancient Roman Town in Andalusia in Spain, upon the River Quadalquivir (Baetis), twenty Leagues from Sevil to the East. This City being

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then the Capital of one of the Kingdoms of the Moors, was recovered by the Spaniards from them in 1236. It is now a great walled City, seated in a fruitful Plain, with a delicate Stone Bridge over the River. This was the Country of the two Seneca's, Lucan, and Averroes, some of the greatest Men for Learning the World has known; yet more famous for Hosius the President of the first Nicene Council, (as afterwards of the Council of Sardica) and Bishop of Corduba. The Cathedral was a Mosch, built by the Moors; it has 365 Columns or Pillars of Black Marble, and twenty four Doors. This City suffered very much by an Earthquake in the year 1589. The Bishop is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Sevil. Long. 15. 40. Lat. 38. 00.

Corene, Cyrene: See Cairoan.

Corfu, Corcyra, Phaeacia, Drepano, an Island in the Ioman Sea, or Gulph of Venice, upon the Coast of Epirus; about one hundred and twenty Miles in Circuit, and reckoned to contain ten thousand Souls, who are a rich and polite people; seventy Italian Miles from Cape S. Mary, the most South-Eastern Point of Italy, to the South-East. It is under the Dominion of the States of Venice, and has one City seated on the Eastern Shoar called by the same Name: which about one hundred years since (saith Mr. Wheeler) was nothing but an old Castle, and the present Suburbs of the Castati. But now it is a good large City, and an Archbishops See; well fortified with Walls on the South, and two Castles at the East and West Ends; the side towards the Harbour is not so well fortified, nor needs it. This Town would be almost impregnable, were it not for a Rock that stands towards the the West, and commands the adjoining Fort, with a great part of the Town. Here resides the chief Govour of the Venetian Islands both in Civil and Military concerns. The Inhabitants are of the Greek Church, but much Latinized. The Soil not so fruitful of Corn, as to supply the Inhabitants; but then it produceth Wine, Oil, and all sorts of good Fruit. In the year 1537. Solyman II. Emperour of the Turks sent his famous General Barberoasse with an Army of five and twenty thousand Men to make a Descent upon this Island, as they accordingly did: but were forced by the Venetians to an Inglorious Retreat thence again.

Cory, one of the chief Towns in Georgia, called Hermastis and Armactica, by the Latins. There is another of the same Name in Dalmatia, mentioned by Pliny and Ptolomy under the Name of Corinium; five or six Miles from Novigrod, upon a Hill: and a third in the Ecclesiastical State in Italy.

Coria, Caurium, Caurita, a City upon the River Alagnon in Old Castile, five or six Leagues from the Frontiers of Portugal. The Bishop of it is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Compostella.

Corinth, Corinthus, Heliopolis, a City of the Morea, which is an Archbishoprick under the Patriarch of Constantinople, built in the year of the World 3066. near the Isthmus, between the Ionian and Aegaean Seas. At first subject to Kings, but growing powerful and rich by Commerce, it became a Commonwealth. Its situation affording it two Noble Havens to the East and West, it was the first City of Greece that set out Trireines, or great Gallies to Sea; by which it became the richest, and one of the most powerful Cities in all Greece: it treated the Roman Embassadors with that Insolence, that they decreed the total ruine of it; which was effected by L. Mummius Achaius, 146. years before the Birth of our Saviour. Julius Caesar re-built it: S. Paul converted it to Christianity, and honoured it with two Epistles: and Clemens Romanus with a third, of the next immediate antiquity and value. Thus it became the Metropolis of Achaia: in after-times it had Despots, or Princes of its own, from whom it passed to the Venetians by their Grant. But in 1458. Mahomet II. dispossed that Republick of this Noble City; and they have since treated it with so much Tarkish cruelty, that there are not many Houses in it, inhabited by poor Men, rather out of necessity, than choice. It is hoped the Venetians may give it another resurrection out of its desolation and ruines, they having recovered it in Aug. 1687. without opposition. They now call it vulgarly, Corantho. The old Acrocorinthus, a strong Cittadel built upon the top of a very high Hill, and the proud Curtezans here of higher prizes than for every one to give, it is supposed, severally or together, occasioned the Proverb, Non licet omnibus adire Corinthum. Long. 49. 15. Lat. 38. 11. § Apollodorus writes of three Corinths more: the first in Thessalia, the second in Epirus, the third in Elis.

Corlin, Corlinum, a City in Pomerania, subject the Duke of Brandenburg ever since 1648. upon the River Persant, three German Miles from the Baltick Sea, and five from Treptow to the East. It has a Castle, and was before subject to the Bishop of Camin.

Corneto, Cornuetum, a Bishops See in union with that of Monte Fiascone, subject only to the Pope, in the State of the Church; upon the River Marta, four Miles from the Tyrrhenian Sea, and forty six from Rome to the West; very little inhabited, being unhealthfully seated.

Cornovaile, or Cornoaille, a Territory in Britany in France, called Corisopitum by the Latin Writers: the Capital of which, is Quimper-Corantine.

Cornwall, Cornubia, Cornavii, Damnonii, is the most Western County of England. It has Devonshire on the East, from which the River Tamer parts it; and on all the other sides is surrounded with the Sea: For a long time the Store-house of Tin to the whole World, till in 1240. there were other Mines of this found in Misnia and Bohemia by a Cornishman. The Soil of this County is tolerably fruitful, but Mountainous. In some Rocks they find a sort of a Precious Stone, call'd the Cornish Diamond, shaped and polished by Nature, and many times as big as a Walnut: only not so hard as a Diamond of the right kind. The Inhabitants are the Reliques of the old Britains, and still retain their Language. It was by Edward II. in 1336. made a Dukedom, and given to his Son Edward; and has ever since belonged to the Eldest Son of the King of England, who is born Duke of Cornwall.

Coro, a City of South America, near the Sea, in the Province of Venezuela, under the Spaniards. It is built after the manner of Venice, upon a Lake, amongst a number of little Islets. Thence often it self call'd Venezuela, or Little Venice.

Coromandel, a Kingdom on the East side of the Promontory of Malabar in the East-Indies: divided from the Malabars by the Mountains of Balagatta, which run from North to South to the Cape of Comori: it lies along the Eastern Shoar an hundred Leagues in length. St. Thomas, a Town in 32. deg▪

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of Latitude, is in this Kingdom; in which the Portuguese found Christians of the Greek Church, when they came first hither, who put the City into their Hands, and they enjoy it still: it hath many good Harbours, much frequented by the Europeans, especially in Winter. The Natives are yet for the most part stupid Pagan Idolaters, as Mr. Herbert saith, and and of a Dusky Complexion. This Country was divided amongst many Princes; but at present is subject to one, (saith Mendelslo) who resides some times at Bisnagar and some times at Narsinga.

Coron, Corona, a Maritime City in the Morea, on the Southern Shoar, opposite to the Coast of Barbary: it is situate on the richest and most fruitful Province of this Country, called Belvedora, ten Miles by Land and twenty by Sea from Modon. The Venetian's built here in 1463. a great Tower for a Magazine; but they enjoyed it not long: for Bajazet II. took it after a Siege in 1498. It was attempted in 1533. by the famous Johni Doria Admiral of Spain, and taken; but could not be long kept. It was taken again by the Venetians after a sharp Siege in 1685. and may they long enjoy it. It is a very strong City, with a safe and large Haven; and in former times was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Patras.

Coronea, an ancient City of Boeotia in Greece, near Leuctra to the East and the River Cephisus North. It was here, that Agesilaus the Athenian General defeated the Boeotians in the year of Rome 359. In the third Century it became a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Athens. Now a Miserable Village, inhabited by none but Turks.

Coropa, a Province in Guiana in South America, between the River of Amazons and the Lake of Parymaea, near the River of Coropatuba; but not inhabited by any of our European Colonies.

Coronna, Varonnum, Adrobicum, and vulgarly the Groyne, a famous Sea-Port-Town on the North-West Shoar of Spain, in Gallicia; strong, rich, and full of people, ten Miles from Compostella to the North, and six from the Isle of Sisarga; in Long. 8. 40. Lat. 44. 20. The Town stands upon a Peninsula, and is almost surrounded by the Sea. The Country affords excellent Iron, Steel, and several other Metals, which cause the Port to be the more frequented.

Corozaim, or Chorazim, mention'd Matth. 11. 21. an ancient Town of Galilee in Palestine, which was one of the ten that composed the Country of Decapolis. It stood over against Capernaum upon the Banks of the River Jordan and near the Sea of Tiberias.

Corregio, Corregium, a great and populous Town in the Dukedom of Modena, which had heretofore Princes of its own; but in 1635. it came into the hands of the Duke of Modena: it stands thirteen Miles from Regio to the North-East, and twelve from Modena to the North, between the Rivers of Navila West, and Fossa Rossa East: and has the honour of a good Castle.

Corsica, called la Crose by the French, and Corsega by the Spaniards; is a considerable Island in the Mediterranean Sea: in length from North to South 110 Miles, in breadth 50, and its Circuit 280; 100 Miles South from Genoua, and 8 from Sardinia. This Island has ever been ill inhabited by reason of the Asperity of a great part of it, and the great difficulty of approaching it. The Tusci, or old Italians, were the first Inhabiters of this Island; who were conquered by the Carthaginians: the Carthaginians yielded to the Tomans: the Saracens followed these, who finally in 1144. were subdued by the Genouese. The Pisans, and the Kings of Arragon, have since contested with the Genouese; but however that Republick has desended the place against all pretenders to this day. There are five Episcopal Sees in it; to wit, Ajazzo, Aleria, Sagona, Mariana and Nebio: the three first, under the Archbishop of Pisa; the other, of Genoua. It is watered by the Rivers Liamon and Tavignan, which both spring out of the Lake of Crena. Bonifacio is its best Port, and Basta the Capital Town. There is a Cape call'd Corso, which is the same with the Sacrum Promontorium of the Ancients.

Corschi, the Name of a Numerous people in Persia, living in Tents, and descended from the Turks, out of which the Sophy always composes his first Troops.

Corthestan, Taurus.

Cortona, Cortonium, Corto, a small but very ancient City in the Dukedom of Florence in Italy: it lies on the Borders of the Estate of the Church, and is a Bishops See (made by Pope John XXII.) under the Archbishop of Florence: four Miles from the Lake di Perugia to the North, and fourteen from Arezzo to the South.

Corwey, Corbeja Saxonica or Nova, called by the French Corbie, is a small City in West phalia, which has an Abbey founded by S. Lewis King of France, in 815. It lies upon the Weser, nine Miles from Paderborne to the West.

Cosa, Cosas, a small River in the State of the Church, which falleth into Garigliano, (Liris) by Feretino and Veroli.

Cosano, Cossano, Cosa, Cosanum, a City of Calalabria in the Kingdom of Naples: six Miles from the Gulph of Taranto, and one and twenty from Rosano to the North. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Cosenza.

Cosenza, Consentia, the principal City of Calabria, and one of the greatest in the Kingdom of Naples; an Archbishops See, seated in a fruitful Plain, upon the River Crate; which has belonging to it a strong Castle upon a Hill. Alaricus XII. King of the Goths died in this City. In 1638. it suffered much by an Earthquake: fourteen Miles from the Tyrrhenian Sea, and thirty from Rossano to the West, in Long. 40. 20. Lat. 39. 11.

Cosir, a City of Egypt upon the Red Sea: written also Cossir.

Coslin, Coslinum, a Town in the Dukedom of Pomerania, under the Dominion of the Duke of Brandenburgh; upon a small River; three German Miles from the Baltick Sea, and six from Treptow to the East. Heretofore the Seat of the Archbishop of Casmires, but given from him by the Treaty of Westphalia, to the present Possessor.

Cosmopolis, a Town in the Isle of Elbe, in the Mediterranean Sea, belonging to the Duke of Florence, which has a convenient and safe Port: it lies over against Piombino, twenty five Miles to the West.

Cosne, Conoda, Conium, a small Town, some place it in the Province of Beausse, some in Nivernois, upon the Loyre in France betwixt Nevers and Orleans: often taken and retaken in the Civil Wars of the last Age there.

Cossa, a ruined City on the Coast of the Tyrrbenian Sea, six Miles from Orbitello to the East, and seventy from Rome to the North: destroyed by Charles the Great. Ansidonia sprung out of its ruines; which last is now in the Possession of the Duke of Florence.

Cossaques, a Martial People, inhabitants of the Province of Ʋkraine in Red Russia; renowned for their great services done as well to Christendom in general, as to the Crown of Poland, in guarding the Frontiers of that Kingdom against the Tartars: Nevertheless in some times guilty of great Revolts too, which have occasion'd divers Treaties of Peace betwixt them and Poland. They speak a Dialect of the Polonian

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Language; and for Religion, are a mixture of the Greek, the Roman, and the Protestant Churches.

Cosse, a Seigniory in the Province of Maine in France near St. Susanne, giving Name to a Family of Quality.

Cossaei, an ancient People dwelling about a Mountain of Media, whom Alexander the Great sacrificed to the Manes of his dear Ephaestion, in a transport of Grief for his Death, say Polybins and Diodorus.

Cossovia, Campus Merul••, a Plain in Bulgaria, not very much exceeding Lincoln-Heath, yet the Stage of great Actions. Here the greatest Christian Army that was ever brought into the Field in Europe, consisting of 500000 Men, under Lazarus Despot of Servia, fought with the Forces of Amurath I. and lost the day; in which Battel Lazarus was slain: and Amurath, viewing the dead bodies, was stabbed by Michael Cobloivitz, a Christian Souldier, left for dead in the field. Amurath hath here a Funeral Monument to this day. This happened in 1390. In the same Field was also fought that remarkable Battel between Huniades and Mahomet, for three days together; in which Huniades his Forces were beaten, being very unequal in number. This Plain is bounded by the Mountains of Negri to the South, by the River Nesaus to the East, by Nissa to the North, and by Ibar to the West: one hundred and thirty English Miles from Thessalonica to the North-West, upon the Borders of Macedonia and Albania. See Dr. Brown's Travels.

Cossir. See Cosir.

Costagnazo, Haemus, a Mountain in Thrace.

Coustantz, See Constance.

Costa-Ricca, A Province of New Spain in the South America, lying betwixt the two Seas, and Westward of Veragua. The Capital whereof is the City Carthage. There are some Gold and Silver Mines in it, and a Soil which makes it worthy of its Name.

Coste des dents, or Coste de l' Ivoire, the Ivory Coast, is a part of the Coast of Guiny in Africa, betwixt the Cape of Palmes and the Cape of three Points; whither the English, French, Hollanders, &c. traffick for Elephants Teeth. It is said to be well inhabited, and to lye very conveniently.

Coste d'Or, or the Golden Coast, another part of the Coast of the same Country, so call'd from the quantity of Gold that they find upon it. It is about one hundred and thirty Leagues long, reaching from the Cape of three Points (where the former ends) as far as to the River Volta, and the Kingdom of Benin. The English, Danes and Dutch have divers Settlements upon it. The latter having dispossessed all the Portugueze.

Cothon, the ancient Name of the Port of Carthage in Africa.

Cotatis, the principal City of Imiretta, (a Kingdom or Province of Georgia) built at the Foot of an Hill, by the River Phasi•, consisting of about two hundred Houses: those of the Grandees, and the Kings Palace, stand at a distance. The Town has neither Fortifications nor Walls nor any Defence, except where it is enclosed by the River and the Mountains. On the other side of the River, upon the top of an Hill, higher than that under which the City is built, stands the Fortress of Cotatis; which appears very strong: As Sir John Chardin describes this City in his Travels.

Cotbus, Cotbutium, a Town in Lusatia in Germany, upon the River Havel, which also passeth by Berlin; from which it lies thirteen Miles to the South, and ten from Franckford to the South-West. This Town came into the Hands of the Duke of Brandenburgh in 1645. and is sometimes called Cotwitz.

Cotrone, Croton, a City of the further Calabri• in the Kingdom of Naples, which of old was twelve Miles in Compass, as Livy saith, and built eighty years after Rome: but now very small, and thinly inhabited: yet it is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Regio, and has a Castle built by Charles V. It stands on the South-East side of Italy, fifteen Miles South-East of Severina.

The Cottian-Alpes, Alpes Cottiae, a part of the Alpes, heretofore under the Dominion of King Cottius mention'd in Suetonius (as an Ally with the People of Rome, in the Reign of Augustus) and therefore by the Ancients called Cottiae from him. They begin at the Fountains of the River Var, and reach to Susa: that is, from Mount Viso, to Mount Cenis; dividing the Dauphinate from Piedmont.

Cotzchin, or Chotozin, or Kotym, a Castle in Moldavia upon the Niester; four Polish, or twenty English Miles from Caminieck to the South-West: where in 1673. an Army of the Turks, consisting of two and thirty thousand Men, under the Command of Solyman Aga, designed for the ruine of Lemburgh, were encamped; having the Neister behind them, a Range of Rocks and Precipices on one side, the Castle of Cotzchin on the other, a Trench before them defended by Half-Moons, a Bridge over the Nieper, and another over the Castle: yet Zobietsky, then Marshal, but now King of Poland, with much lesser Forces coming up October 9. battered down their Brest-Work with his Cannon; and the next day dismounting his Cavalry to second the Lithuanian Foot, (which had been beaten off) in Person at the head of his Men stormed their Camp; took it, slew or took Prisoners thirty one thousand five hundred Turks, (and the rest hardly escaped) Solyman their General being slain. In 1621. Ʋladislaus Prince of Poland, Son of Sigismund King of Poland, in the same Field, defeated the Forces of Osman I. and slew the greatest part of them; amongst the rest Ʋssain le Borgne, who was esteemed the best Commander the Turks had in those times.

Couco, Coucum, a Kingdom in Barbary, in Africa, with a City of the same Name; sixty Miles from the Shoars of the African Sea, between the Kingdoms of Algiers and Bugia.

Coucy, a Seigniory in Picardy, giving Name to a Family of Honour.

Coventry, Conventria, a City in the County of Warwick upon the West Side of the River Sherborne, which is of no very great Antiquity; but neat, strong, rich and populous, by reason of the Cloathing Trade: Also a Bishop's See in Conjunction with Litchfield, under the Archbishop of Canterbury. It has three Churches; the Priory or Convent (whence the Name Coventry) was the most ancient Foundation of the City, being built by Canutus the Dane. And the Cross may be reckoned amongst the finest in England. The Noble George Villiers, late Duke of Buckingham, was created Earl of Coventry, in the twenty first of James I. A Title that had lain buried ever since the Death of Edwin a Saxon, whom William the Conqueror created Earl of Coventry in the first Year of his Reign. Henry VI▪ annexing the adjacent Towns and Villages to this City made it with them a County Corporate, distinct from that of Warwickshire.

Coulan, a City and small Kingdom in the East-Indies, in the great Promontory of Malabar, on the Western Shoar; thirty five Leagues North of the Cape of Com•ry, and about seventeen South of Cochin. The Country is well watered, and fruitful; not above twenty Leagues long from North to South, and eight or ten broad from East to West. Bounded by the Kingdoms of Cochin and Travancor. There are many Christians in it, by the means of the Portuguese. The

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City has a Castle, and a safe Haven, with the Character of a rich and flourishing Place. The Portuguese were driven out of it by the Hollanders in 1663.

Coulour, a Town of the Hither East-Indies in the Kingdom of Golconde in Malabar; seven days Journey from the City of Golconde. There is a Mine or Quarry of Diamonds very near it.

Courreze, Curretia, a River in Limosin in France, which riseth two Miles above Tulle; and having watered both it and Brive, falls into the Vesere, two Miles above Condat.

Courtenay, Cortenaeum, Corteniacum, Curtiniacum, a small Town in the Isle of France, six Miles distance from Sens West. The Princes who have born the Title of this small Place, are frequently mentioned by the French Historians; and some of the Emperors of Greece are deriv'd from their Family.

Courtray, Corteriacum, by the Natives called Cortrick, a Town in Flanders upon the River Lys, five Leagues from Tournay to the North, and four from Lille to the West. Made famous by the Defeat of the French in 1302. This Town was taken by the French in 1646. and fortified; and again in 1667: But in the Treaty of 1679. it returned under the Obedience of the King of Spain, who is still possessed of it.

C•urzola, an Island under the Venetians upon the Coast of Dalmatia, full of Wood. There is, besides five Villages in it, a City of the same Name which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Ragusa. The Houses, built all generally of Marble.

Coutances, Constantia Castra, a City and Bishoprick in Normandy in France, under the Archbishop of Rouen. It stands upon the River Barde, two Leagues from the British Sea, five from Auranches to North, and twelve from Caen to the West. This City has a large County belonging to it, called by the same Name, le Coutantin; which lies extended from North to South, in the form of a Peninsula; on the North and West it has the British Sea, on the East the River Viere, which parts it from Bessin; and on the South le Auranchin, divided from it by another small River. The Isles of Jersey and Guernsey heretofore belonged to this County; which being in the hands of the English, are not now esteemed a part of it, but annexed to England.

Coutras, Curtracum, a Town in Guienne in Perigord, seated on the Confluence of Lille and Dr•ma, twelve Miles from Bourdeaux to the North-West: Made famous by a Battel here sought in the Civil Wars of France in 1587.

Couverden. See Coeworden.

Cowbridge, a Market Town in the County of Glamorgan in Wales. The Capital of its Hundred.

Cowes, a noted Harbour at the Entrance of the Creek that goes to Newport in the Isle of Wight; fortified with a Castle.

Cracow, Cracovia, call'd by the Inhabitants Krakow, by the Germans Cra•aw, by the Italians, French, and Spaniards, Cracovia, is the Capital of the Kingdom of Poland, and stands on the River Weya, (Vistula) about fifty Polish Miles from Presburg to the North-East, 85 Miles from Dantzick South. It is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Gnezna; there belongs to it a strong Castle built upon a Rock, with vast Suburbs; and an University opened in 1401. by Ʋladislaus K. of Poland. The Palatinate of Cracovia, which belongs to this City (and is one of the three which make up the lesser Poland), has Silesia on the West, Hungary on the South, Sandomiria on the East, and the Palatinate of Siradia on the North. This Bishoprick was founded by Mieczislao, who received the Christian Faith in 965. The City was burnt by the Tartars in 1241. The Custody of it was after this committed to the Germans, in 1428. A Disputation being had here with the Hussites, in 1431. the King sent for some Preachers out of Bohemia, who preached many Years in the Sclavonian Tongue Helvigis the Queen caused the Bible to be translated into the Polish Tongue; and when the Pope in 1448. sent a Legate to this Nation, the University shewed him no Respect, but stuck to the Council of Basil. In 1591. they burnt the Protestants Church there, as they did in 1635▪ by the procurement of the Jesuits; who the next year were banished for it out of that University. This City was also taken by the Swedes, in the Wars under Charles II. King of Sweden, in 1655. It is stiled the Rome of Poland, for its Excellency. They tolerate the Jews, wearing a distinctive Habit. There are betwixt fifty and sixty Churches in it.

Cragno. See Carniola.

Crambourn, a Market-Town in Dorseishire; the Capital of its Hundred; seated near the Spring of a River that runs into the Stower; it is a Town of good Antiquity.

Cranbrook, a Market-Town in Kent in Scray Lath, seated at the Head of the River Medway.

Cranganoor, Cranganora, a Kingdom and a City in the Promontory of Malabar, in the East-Indies. The City lies upon the River Aicot, two Leagues from the Ocean, and seven from Cochin to the North; being a Bishop's See, whilst it was in the Hands of the Portuguese; but in 1663. the Dutch took it from them, and put it into the Hands of the King of Calecut, together with the small Kingdom belonging to it.

Cranostaw, Krasnostaw, Cranostovia, a small but well fortified Town in Black Russia, in Poland, upon the River Wieprez, and a Lake made by the said River; five Leagues from Chelm to the South-West, and as many from Lublin to the South-East. Now the usual Residence of the Bishop of Chelm.

Craon, a small Town in the Province of Anjou in France, upon the River Oudon, towards the Frontiers of Maine in Brittany; giving Name to an honourable Family.

Crapack, the Carpathian Mountains, which divide Hungary, Moravia, and Transilvania from Poland. This ridge of Mountains, called by the Antients Carpates, and Mons Carpathus, runs from East to West, under various Names given by the Nations which border upon it.

Crapone, a Canal in Provence, made in the last Age by the ingenious Adam de Crapone from the River Durance to the Arles, beginning at Roque a Village six Leagues below the Fall of the said River into the Rhine.

La Crau, a large Heath of seven or eight Leagues length in Provence; filled with a prodigious Quantity of Stones, whereof divers of the Antients have conjectured, but none give, a satisfactory Cause.

Craven, a Part of the West-Riding of Yorkshire; hilly and rough, in which Shipton stands. It gives the Title of an Earl to the Right Honourable William Craven, created by King Charles II. Anno 1664.

Cray S. Maries, a Market-Town in Kent, in Sutton Lath.

Creci, Cressy, Creciasensis, Cressiacum, a Town in Picardy, upon the River Serre, in the most Eastern Borders of that Province; three Miles from la Ferre to the East, and the same Distance from Guise to the South. This small Place, by the English Valor under Edward III. and his Son the Black Prince, in 1346. August 26. received a Name that will last for ever: Philip de Valois being here beaten in a set Battle, in which the Kings of Bohemia and Majorca, Charles Duke of Alensone Brother to the King of

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France, the Duke of Lorraine, Lewis Earl of Flanders, and in all 11 Princes, 80 Barons, 1200 Knights, and 30000 common Soldiers were slain; and King Philip himself escaped with great Difficulty, being scarcely admitted into one of his own Castles, upon his Reply to the Question, Who is here? The Fortune of France. §. There is another Creci in Picardy, upon the River Serre, near Laon, in the Tract of Tierache, §. And a third in the Province of Brie, upon the River Morin, two or three Leagues from Meaux, within the Government of Champaigne.

Crediton, a Market-Town in Devonshire, upon the Rivers Credit and Forton: The Capital of its Hundred; and formerly a Bishop's See, till King Edward the Confessor translated the same to Exon. It is adorned with a fair Church, built Cathedral-wise; well inhabited, in a rich Soil, and drives a good Trade of Serges. Both the aforesaid Rivers fall into the Ex.

Creil, •reolium, a small City or great Town in the Isle of France, upon the River Oesia, (Oise,) over which it has a Bridge, between Clermont to the North three Miles, and Senlis to the South two.

Crekelade, a Market-Town in Wiltshire in the Hundred of Highworth; which returns two Burgesses to the Parliament.

Crema, [Crema,] Forum Diuguntorum, a City in the State of Venice, called by the French Creme; which is a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Bo•oma; seated upon the River Serium, Serio, sixty Miles from Verona to the West, and twenty from Milan to the East. This City was once a part of the Dukedom of Milan, and is very strongly fortified: Made a Bishoprick in 1579. by Pope Gregory XIII. being the Capital of the Territory adjacent, called Cremasco.

Cremera, a small River in the Dukedom of Thuscany in Italy, falling into the Tiber five Miles below Rome. The 300 Fabii were cut to pieces by an Ambuscade of the Enemy upon the Banks of it: A Misfortune so lamented by the Romans that, they cursed the very City-Gate, by which they marched, with the Title of Scelerata, and placed the Day of their overthrow in the Catalogue of black and dismal Days.

Cremona, Colonia & Ʋrbs Crenomanorum, a City of the Dukedom of Milan, which is a Bishop's See under that Archbishop and stands upon the Po, in the Borders of the Dukedom of Parma, forty Miles from Mantua to the East, and the same distance from Milan to the South-East. This City was built 445 Years after Rome, and made afterwards a Roman Colony; it has been often ruined, and rebuilt; at present a strong, great, rich, populous City; and has a strong Castle to the East, with an University granted by Sigismund the Emperor. The Territory belonging to it is a fruitful delicious Plain, having on the North and East the River Ollio, on the South the Po, (where there are several Districts beyond that River belonging to it,) and on the West the River Abdua. The French and Modenese besieged this City in 1648. but were not able to take it.

Crempen, Crempa, a small but fortified City in the Dukedom of Holsatia, in the County of Stormaren, upon the River of that Name; not above one Mile from the River Elb to the North, about ten Danish Miles from Lubec to the West, and fifteen from Embden to the East. This belongs to the King of Denmark.

Crequi, a Seigniory in Artois, upon the Confines of Picardy, giving Name to an honourable Family which has been famous for divers illustrious Persons.

Cressy, See Creci.

Crespi, Crepiacum, the chief Town of the Dukedom de Valois, in the Isle of France; built in a fine Plain; seven Miles from Meaux to the North, and three from la Ferte. Francis I. and the Emperor Charles V. held a Treaty of Peace here in 1544.

Crest, Crestidium, & Crista Arnaldi, a City in the Dauphinate in France, upon a River of the same Name, two Miles from the Some to the East, and twenty two from Avignon to the North. Fortified with a Castle and a Tower.

Creta. See Candia.

Crevant, Crevantium, a Town in Burgundy in France, upon the North Side of the River Sure, in the North-West Border of that Dutchy, two Miles from Auxerre to the North, and twenty three from Dijon to the North-West. In 1423. there was a sharp Fight here between the English and the French, with the Victory, by Confession, to the English. There is a Stone-Bride over the Sure here.

Creuse, Crosa, a River in France, which riseth in la Marche; and running to the North West, entereth Berry, and passeth through the Town of Black in the Borders of Berry; then entering Touraine, it falls (having in this Course received the Little Creuse and some other Rivers) into the Loyre, at ••ndes above Saumur.

Crewkern, a Market Town in Somersetshire; the Capital of its Hundred: Seated on the Banks of the River Parret. Written also Crokehorn.

Crickhowel, a Market-Town in the County of Brecknock in Wales; the Capital of its Hundred. The Marquess of Worcester has a Castle here.

Crincon, Crientio, a River of Artois, near Arras.

Crinisus, a River in the West of the Island of Sicily, springing in the Valley of Mazara, twenty five Miles from Palermo; and afterwards falling into the Sea of Tunis. Now called Il Belicidestro.

Crismato, Phaenus, a Mountain in Normandy.

Croatia, Liburnia, a Dukedom belonging to the Emperor of Germany, call'd by the Germans Crabaten, and is a part of the Kingdom of Hungary Bounded on the North by Sclavonia, on the East by Bosnia, on the South by Dalmatia and the Adriatick Sea, and on the West by Carniola a Province of Germany. The Turks were heretofore possessed of all the Southern Parts of it; but the Emperor has lately recovered them. The Inhabitants are excellent Horsemen, and have of late done great Service against the Turks.

Crocodilon, an ancient City in the Kingdom of Aegypt, upon the Banks of the Nile, in the Country called Thebais. They adored the Crocodiles as Gods (in the vulgar Opinion) at this Place, and therefore it came to take their Name.

Croia, the principal City of Albania; a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Durazzo, Dyrrhachium, upon the River Lisana; within ten English Miles of the Adriatick, thirty from Durazzo to the North, about a hundred and ten South of Ragusa. It was heretofore very strong. George Castriot, commonly called Scanderbeg, often broke the Fury of the Ottoman Forces here; but after his Death it fell into their Hands.

Cromer, a Market-Town in the County of Norfolk, in the Hundred of North Erpingham, lying to the Sea.

Croncarty, a Sea-Port-Town in Ross in Scotland, upon the Eastern Sea, at the North Point of Murray Fyrth.

Cronenburg, Coronaeburgum, a strong Castle in Zealand, belonging to the King of Denmark: taken by the Swedes in 1658. but since restored again. At this place (which was built by Frederick II. King of Denmark for the purpose, in 1577.) all Ships are forced to pay their Toll, which pass the Sound.

Cronstat, Corona, a City of Transylvania, often called Brassovia, by the Inhabitants Brassaw; in the middle of the Eastern Borders of that Dutchy, towards Walachia; at the foot of the Carpathian Mountains, upon the River Burzazgh. It is a strong Place, and has three great Suburbs, inhabited by three several Nations: forced to receive an Imperial Garrison, in May 1688. General Heusler in a Fight near this place, Aug. 21. 1690. suffered a great Defeat, wherein himself was taken Prisoner by the Tartars; who not knowing him, sold him to Count Teckeley, (who commanded the Action) for seventy Rix Dollars.

Crosno, Crosna, a small City in the Black Russia in the Kingdom of Poland, in the Palatinate of Primyslie, near the Carpathian Hills and the Rivers Visloc and Jasiolde.

Crossen, Crossa, a City in the Province of Silesia, and Kingdom of Bohemia, upon the River Oder; where it entertains the River Borber from the South; about ten Miles above Franckfort. This is the Capital of a small Dukedom, which being many Ages ago mortgaged to the Duke of Brandenburg, and not redeemed in due time, has ever since been in his Possession.

Crotona, an ancient City in the Further Calabria in Italy, which is now a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Regio. Milo and several other famous Athletae were Natives of this place: in whose times it was no less than twelve Miles in circuit.

Croty, a Sea-Port on the North side of the Somme in Picardy, two French Miles from Asselane to the South, and the same distance from Caen in Normandy to the North.

Crouch, one of the little Rivers of the County of Essex.

Crow, or le Crou, Crodoldus, sometimes called Gonnesse, is a River in the Isle of France; which arising above a Village called Louvre, five Miles East from St. Dennis, falls into the Seine, at S. Dennis.

Crowland, a Market Town in Lincolnshire in the Hundred of Ellow upon the River Weeland, in a very fenny low ground. The best Streets of it are severed from each other (not unlike Venice) by interjacent Water-courses; and the Causeys leading to it, so narrow, that no Carts can possibly pass: which may justifie the Proverb, saying, All the Carts which come to Crowland are shod with Silver.

Croy, a Village in Picardy, two or three Leagues from Amiens, giving its Name to a Family of Honor in the Low Countreys.

Croydon, or Croyden, Neomagus, a Market Town in Surrey, the Capital of its Hundred; seated near the Spring head of the River Wandle, nine Miles from London, where the Archbishop of Canterbury has a Countrey House: it has an Hospital for the Poor, and a Free-School for Children, founded by Archbishop Whitgift.

Crumaw or Crumeaw, Crumaviae, a Town in the Province of Moravia in Germany, betwixt Brin and Znaim: adorned with the Title of a Dukedom, and a fine Castle.

Crussol, a Seigniory in the Province of Vivaretz in France, near the Rhosne, giving its Name and the Title of Earl to an Honourable Family.

Cresiphon, an ancient Town of the Kingdom of Assyria, near the Tygris, said to be built by the Parthians.

Cuama or Coama, a River of the Kingdom of Sofala in Africa, said to derive its Source from the Lake of Sachaf (where it has the Name of Zamber) towards the Mountains of the Moon: the same Lake, that the Moderns take to be the Head of the Nile.

Cuba, an Island in the Bay of Mexico in America, to the South of Florida; which is one of the greatest that belongs to that part of the World. It has on the East Hispaniola, (divided from it by a Bay of the breadth of fourteen Spanish Leagues,) on the West the firm Land of America, on the South Jamaica at the distance of nineteen Leagues. In length two hundred Spanish Leagues, in breadth not above thirty five. The greatest part of it is Mountainous, but well watered. Infinitely peopled, when the Spaniards discovered it; but they destroy'd all the Inhabitants, and have not been able yet to people it themselves, so that the greatest part is desolate. This and Jamaica were the first Places of America which Columbus discovered in 1492. There are six Cities in this Island; the principal of which is St. Jago, on the South side; and Havana, a noble and well fortified Sea-Port on the North side; under the Tropick of Cancer.

Cuckfield or Cuxfield, a Market Town in Sussex in Lewis Rape.

Cuco, a strong City by Situation (upon a high Hill) in the Kingdom of Algiers in Africa, towards the River Major. The Soil it stands in affords plenty of all things necessary for humane life.

Cucusa, an ancient City of Armenia the Less upon the Frontiers of Cilioia and Cappadocia, having formerly born the honour of an Episcopal See: and the more remark'd in History, for being the place whither S. John Chrysostom was banished by the order of the Empress Eudoxa.

Cuenca, Conc•a, a City of New Castile in Spain, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Toledo; the Capital of La Sierra. It stands in a Rocky and Mountainous Country, upon the River Xucar, twenty five Leagues East from Toledo, and thirty four West from Valencia. Built by the Goths out of the Ruines of a Roman City called Valeria, not far distant. The Moors became next Masters of it, and kept it till 1177. when the Spaniards recovered it again.

Cueva, a Town in the Kingdom of Castile in Spain, giving its Name there to a Family of Honor.

Cufa, a City of Chaldaea or Yerach in Asia, upon the West side of Euphrates; sixty Miles South from Bagdet, or Babylon, on the Borders of Arabia Deserta, and heretofore the Residence of the Califfs: after that it was under the Persians; and at present under the Turks, being much declined from its ancient Splendor, Wealth and Greatness. Long. 79. 10. and Lat. 32. 00. forty five German Miles above Balsera North.

Cuhiung, a City and Territory of the Province of Junnan in China, having Jurisdiction over six other old Cities, and standing in a fruitful and pleasant Country that is provided with Mines of Silver and Precious Stones.

Cujavio, Cujavia, a Province of the Kingdom of Poland, bounded on all sides by the greater Poland; but the North, where it has Prussia. The chief Town is Brestia, Brezestie, ten Miles from Thorn to the South, and thirty from Damzick.

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Culhu, Cullus, a Town and Port upon the Mediterranean in the Kingdom of Tunis in Africa, where the River Collo or Culhu is discharged into the Sea; betwixt Hipone and Bugia.

Culliton, a Market Town in Devonshire; the Capital of its Hundred.

Culm, a City of Poland, upon the Vistula, in Prussia, built upon a Hill. This is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Gnesa, though heretofore under the Archbishop of Riga: built in 1223. by the Knights of the Teutonick Order; but having suffered much in the Swedish Wars, it is now almost desolate, and the Bishop has removed his Palace to Colme, three Miles more to the East. Culm stands twenty Miles South of Dantzick, and ten North from Waldislaw; and is the Capital of a little Country adjacent, called by the Inhabitants Colmischland.

Culembach, Culembachium, a small Town in Franconia, upon the River Mayn, near the Rise of it; six Miles from Bamberg East, and as many from Coberg South-East; the Capital of a Marquisate belonging to the Duke of Brandenburg; and part of the Burgravate of Noremburg; between the Territory of Bamberg to the West, Misnia to the North, Bohemia and Bavaria to the East, and Norimburg to the South: belonging also to the Duke of Brandenburg.

Culembourg, Culemburgum, a Town and Castle in Guelderland, belonging to the United Provinces; yet as to the Revenue possessed by its own Count: it stands on the River Rhine, above two German Miles from Ʋtrecht to the South-East, and six from Nimeguen to the West. Taken by the French in 1672. and dismantled in 1674.

Culiacan, a Province in New Spain in America, within the Jurisdiction of the Governor of Guadalaxara; between New Mexico to the North, New Biscay to the East, and the Purple Sea to the South and West. It has a City of the same Name.

Cuma, Cumae, once a Colony and famous City of Italy, in the Kingdom of Naples; which in 1207. was utterly ruined by the Saracens. The Ruines of it are yet visible, upon an Hill, on the Tyrrheman Sea, twelve Miles from Naples to the North-West. In the latter times of the Roman Empire, this City was wonderfully fortified; so that Narses the General of Justinian could not take it without a tedious Siege: and at this day the Ruines of it are wonderful: many Noble Antiquities are to be seen amongst them. The Bishops See, that was fixed here, is united with that of Aver•a. Virgil speaks of an admirable Temple of Apollo and a Fortress that adorned this City in Ancient Times. Neither must it be forgotten, that the Sibylla Cumana, her Grott being in the neighbourhood, took her Title from hence: whose Verses prophesied so favourably of our Saviour, that Julian the Apostate thought fit to order them to be burnt. § The Ancients mention other places of the same Name. One, upon the Gulph of Smyrna in Asia Minor, now called Foya Nova, betwixt Smyrna and Pergamus; accommodated with a Port and Fortress. Near to which, the Venetian Fleet obtain'd a Victory over the Turks in the year 1650. Of the rest, nothing said.

Cumberland, is the most North-Western County of England; on the North bounded by Scotland; on the South and West it has the Irish Sea; and on the East Lancaster, Westmorland, the Bishoprick of Durham and Northumberland. It took its Name from the Inhabitants who being of the old British Race, called themselves Kumbri or Kambri. The Country though cold and uneven, is yet not unpleasant to the Traveller. And it affordeth great plenty of Corn, Cattle, Fish, Fowl and Metals: nor is it destitute of many Roman Antiquities, the Reliques of the Roman Garrisons who lay here to defend Britain from the devouring Picts. The principal City is Carlisle. Prince Rupert whilst he lived was Duke of Cumberland by the Creation of King Charles I. his Uncle, 1643. He dying without Issue November 30. 1682. that Honor is now in the Person of his Royal Highness Prince George of Denmark. It became a Dukedom from an Earldom. For in the year 1525. H. VIII. conferred the Title of Earl of Cumberland upon Henry Lord Clifford, in whose Family it continued from thence to 1642. The Eden is the principal River of this County.

Cuneo, Cuneus: See Coni.

Cuningham, a County of Scotland, on the Western Shoar over against the Isle of Arran; on the West it has the Irish Sea, on the North Dunbritoun Fyrth, (which parts it from Lentieth), on the East Cluydsdale, and on the South Kile. The chief Town is Largis on the Irish Sea, seventeen Scotch Miles from Glasco to the West.

Cunsar, one of the Names of the Hyrcanian Sea.

Curacao or Curassaw, one of the Islands known by the Name of Sottovento in the South America, over against the Province of Venezuela, betwixt Oraba and Bonnaire. Taken from the Spaniards by the Dutch in 1632.

Curdistan, Chaldaea, a vast Province in Asia, under the Dominion of the Turks, but upon the Borders of the Kingdom of Persia; containing Chaldaea, part of Assyria towards Media, and a great part of Armenia Major. The Western Bounds are closed by the River Euphrates, and the Eastern by the Tigris; having Tarcomania to the North, and Alidulia to the South. The Curdes, a People partly Mahometans, Heathens, and Christians, take their Name from, and dwell in this Province. The ancient Chaldaea was divided into two parts; the one, North of Mesopotamia, in which Ʋr stood the Country of Abraham: the other, South of Babylon, near Arabia Deserta; a large Champion Country in which the Philosophers lived and flourished, whose same became extended over all the East; and whose enquiries gave the first birth to Astronomy, Astrology, Magick, Philosophy and Theology. Babylon was the Capital of the ancient Chaldaea.

La Cure, Cora, Chora, a River of France, arising in the Dukedom of Burgundy, and flowing through Nivernois, Vezelay or Verzelet and Clamessy, at Vermenton, just opposite to Crevant in the Dutchy of Burgoigne, falls into the Sure.

Cures, an ancient Town of the Sabines in Italy; from whence the Name of Quirites became derived to the Romans; and remarkable also for being the Birthplace of Numa Pompilius. It is thought Vescovio was afterwards built upon the Ruines of this Town.

Curetes, a Name of the ancient People of the Island of Crete.

Curiale, Dianae Oraculum, a small Town on the Coast of Arabia Foelix, towards the Persian Gulph; about twenty seven Miles to the North-West of Cape Raz, the most Eastern Point of that Country, and and eight from Mascate a City.

Curland, Curlandia, a Province of Livonia, called by the Germans Kureland, by the Dutch Coerlandt, by the French Courlande, is bounded on the East by Semigalen, on the South by Samogithia, and on the North and West by the Baltick Sea. This Country belonged anciently to the Teutonick Order; but Sigismund Augustus King of Poland, in 1587. forced Gothardus Ketler Master of that Order, to renounce their Right; and hold it, together with Semigalen, as a Fee of the Crown of Poland. So that ever since it has been separated from Livonia, and annexed to that Crown; and is still in the Possession of the Family of Ketlers, as Dukes of Curland, and

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Subjects to the Crown of Poland. The Capital City of it is Goldingen.

Curresi, Avens, a River of Italy, in the State of the Church, in the Diocese of Sabina; between Campania to the South, and Ʋmbria to the North. It watereth S. Lorenzo and the Abby di Farfa; and then falls into the Tyber, fifteen Miles North of Rome.

Curta, a Village of Hungary upon the Danube, between Comora and Gran. It is a Roman Town ruined.

Curzola, Corcyra Nigra, an Island of the Adriatick Sea, on the Coast of Dalmatia, under the Dominion of the State of Venice; which is twenty five Miles in length from North to South, and five in breadth. It has a small City or Town of the same Name, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Raguza: and there are five other small Villages in it. It lies only five Miles from Cape Cabiccello, a Promontory of Dalmatia.

Le Curzolari, Echinades, Echinae, five small Islands over against the Mouth of the Gulph of Lepanto. Near to which, the Christians gain'd that Signal Naval Victory over Selim II. his Fleet in 1571. in the Battel, called the Battel of Lepanto.

Cusa, an ancient City of Nubia in Africa. And a River of the same Name in the Kingdom of Morocco.

Cusco, Cuscum, a great City of Peru in the South America, one hundred and twenty Miles East from Lima. It was the Royal City of the Kings of Peru, adorned with a stately Temple dedicated to the Sun, and divers noble Palaces and an admirable Fortress, when the Spaniards conquered it; but now dispeopled and ruined. Yet it is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Lima.

Cussit, a Province in Aethiopia.

Custrin, Custrinum, a City in the Marquisate of Brandenburg, on the East side of the River Oder, where it receives the Warta; four Miles North from Franckfort: a very strong Place.

Cuzagne, a small Territory or District in Aquitaine in France.

Cuzt, a large Province of the Kingdom of Fez in Africa, lying eighty Leagues along the River Gureygure as far as to the River Esaha, East of the Province of Temesen; and containing all the courses of the Mountain Atlas betwixt those two Rivers.

Cyclades, a Circle of little Islands in the Archipelago, surrounding the Island of Delos: call'd Paros, Andros, Zea, Micoli, Naxia, Quiniminio, &c.

Cyclopes, the original Inhabitants of the Island of Sicily, living about Mount Aetna; whose extraordinary height mixt with fierceness, occasioned many Fictions amongst the Poets.

Cydnus, a River of Cilicia in Asia the Less, passing by Cogni and Tharsus. Alexander the Great took a desperate Sickness by bathing in it; and some say, the Emperor Frederick Barberaosse died of the coldness of its Water, as he returned from the East in the year 1100.

Cydonia, the same with Canea in Candia.

Cylley, Celia, a City of Stiria in Germany, upon the River Saana, which a little lower falls into the Save; it stands ten Miles from Lambach to the East, and as many from Draburgh to the South-East. The Capital of a County of the same Name, and belongs to the Emperor of Germany: there is in it two very strong Castles, and many Roman Antiquities are thereabouts discovered.

Cynopolis, an ancient City of the Kingdom of Egypt upon the Western part of the Nile; remark'd heretofore for the Worship of the God, called Anubis, in it.

Cynthus, a Mountain in the Island of Delos, upon which the ancient Pagans built a celebrated Temple in the honour of Apollo; who together with Diana was supposed to be born here of L•tona.

Cyparissa, an ancient Town of the Morea, that did belong to the Government of Messene; and imparted its Name to the Cape and Gulph adjacent.

Cyprus, an Island of the Mediterranean Sea, called by the Turks and Arabians, Kubros: about sixty Miles North from the Shoars of Syria, and Anatolia; and extended in length from East to West two hundred and twenty; its Circuit about five hundred and fifty. This Island is so very fruitful, the Air so pleasant, and the Hills abounding so with Metals, that it was by all the Ancients call'd The Happy Island. Ammianus Marcellinus saith, it could build a Ship and fraight her out to Sea, out of what grew here, without the help of any other place. The first Inhabitants were the Cilicians, who yielded to the Phenicians, as these did to the Greeks: Ptolomy the last King of this Island, knowing that Cato was sent against him by the Romans, put an end to his own Life. It continued in the hands of the Greek Emperors till 656. when it was conquered by the Saracens. In 807. the Emperors recovered it; but Richard I. King of England, going to the Holy War, in 1191. and being ill used by the Inhabitants, made a Conquest of it for England; and gave it to Guy de Lusignan, whose Successors were dispossessed by the Templars in 1306. In 1472. the Venetians possessed themselves of it; in 1560. Selim the Grand Seignor gained it from them, whose Successor at this day enjoys it, not without some Confusion and, as occasion serves, Insurrection of the Inhabitants against the Turks. There are three considerable places in it; Merovige at the West end, Colosso on the South side, and Famagusta on the same side more to the East; and about eight hundred and fifty Villages.

Cypsella, See Ipsala.

Cyr, Ciropolis, Cyrus, the same with Carin.

Cyrene, See Cairoan.

Cythera, See Cerigo.

Cyziqua, an ancient City of Asia, built in the twenty fourth Olympiad upon the Propontis and honoured in the Primitive Ages of Christianity with a Metropolitan See under the Patriarch of Constantinople. Over against the Ruines of it, stands a little Island, famous for the Marble that they call the Marble of Cyziqua.

Czaslaw, Czaslavia, a very small City in Bohemia, upon the River Crudimka, nine Miles from Prague to the East, with a considerable Prefecture belonging to it. John Zisca, the famous Captain of the Hussites, who so sharply revenged the deaths of John Hus and Jerome of Prague, was here buried.

Czeben, See Hermanstat.

Czenstokow or Czeschow, Chestocovia, a Town in Poland, upon the River Warta; twenty five Miles East of Breslaw, ten North-West of Cracovia. It is strong as well by Situation, as its Fortifications.

Czeremissi, a Province, or rather a People of Moscovy: reduced under the Empire of the Grand Duke in the year 1552. Lying on both sides of the River Wolga, betwixt the Cities Novogorod-Nisi, and Casan. They are partly Mahometans and partly Pagans, of the Race of the Tartars.

Czeremicz, Sulonia, a Town in Dalmatia.

Czernikow or Czernishaw, Czernihovia, a City and Dutchy in Poland, upon the River Deszna, which falls into the Nieper at Kiovia, twenty eight Miles South-West of Szernikow, or Czernihow. This City is now in the hands of the Russ, as also the Dukedom thereunto belonging, called by the same name. They belonged originally to the Russ; and together with Novogrod, were conquered by Ʋladislaus IV. King of

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Poland; so that the Russ has only recovered what was his own.

Czernobel, a Town in the Palatinate of Volhinia in Poland upon the River Ʋsz; two or three Leagues from the Borysthenes, of little consideration.

Czersk, a Palatinate; and Czesko, a City upon the Vistula, seven Polish Miles above Warzovia or Warshaw.

Czyrkassi, Czyrcassia, a strong Town in the Ʋkraine upon the Nieper, twenty seven Polish Miles beneath Kiovia, towards the Euxine Sea: it has suffered great Extremities of late years from the Cossacks and Tartars, being a Frontier to both those People.

Czyrknizerzee or Zirichnitz, Lugeum, a great Lake in the Province of Carniola in Germany; extended the space of four Miles betwixt the Woods and Mountains, towards Italy; full of Fish, ebbing and flowing extraordinarily, and begetting a fruitful Soyl.

=== D A (Book d) ===
DAbir or Debir, an ancient City of the Anakims in Palestine near Hebron. It had been formerly call'd Kirjah-Sepher, i. e. the City of Learning, as we read Judg. 1. 11. And was first taken by Joshua, Josh. 11. 21. afterwards by Othniel, Judges 1. 13. with a reward of the General Caleb's Daughter given him to Wife for his Victory.

Dabul, Dabulum, Dunga, a strong Maritime City with a large Port and a Castle, at the Mouth of the River Helevacho, in the Confines of the Kingdom of Guzarate; but under the King of Decan: between Daman to the North, and Goa to the South, in 20. deg. of Lat.

Dacia, the ancient Appellation and Division of a large Country of Europe: bounded on the North by the Carpathian Mountains, and the River Preuth; on the East and South by the same River, together with the Danube; and by the Theysse on the West. It was divided into 1. Dacia Ripensis, which contained a part of the present Hungary and Walachia. 2. Dacia Alpestris, answering to another part of Walachia and to Moldavia. 3. Dacia Mediterranea or Gepida, in which was comprehended the present Transylvania. The Albocensii, Sinsi, Taurissi, Piephigi, Biepti, &c. were the then Inhabitants of this Country, under the Government of Kings of their own; till Trajan, conquering Decebalus, reduced them into a Roman Province in the year of Rome 98. and affixed the Name of Colonia Ʋlpia Trajana to their Capital City, otherwise called Varhel or Zarmisogethusa. The Greeks called this people, Getae: It was the Romans that derived the Title of Daci and Dacae upon them. Dacia also in the Monastick Writers is put abusively for Dania, Daci for Dani, and Dacicum for Danicum. In the University of Paris the Danish College is called Collegium Dacorum. The Marish and the Olt were the principal Rivers of Dacia.

Dacha, Paropanisus, a Province in the Greater Asia.

Dada, an ancient City of Pisidia in the Lesser Asia: otherwise by Ptolomy and Strabo written Adata and Adadata.

Dadastana, an ancient City of Bithynia in Asia the Less, upon the Confines of Galatia: remarkable for the death of the Emperor Jovian here.

Dadivan, a delightful Plain four or five Leagues in Circuit in the Province of Farsistan in Persia, between Schiras and Lar: richly planted with Orange, Lemon, and Pomgranate Trees; and traversed by a River that affords plenty of Fish. The English and Dutch, residing at Ormus, are wont to pass the end of the Summer here for pleasure.

Dafar, the Seat of the ancient Homeritae in Arabia Foelix, upon the Arabian Sea.

Daghestan or Dachestan, a Province between the Kingdom of Astracan to the North, and the Province of Schirwan in Persia to the South: Inhabited by Tartars, under a Prince of their own, in security against Invasions by the means of inaccessible Mountains. The principal City here is Tarku.

Dagho, Daghoa, a small Island upon the Coast of Livonia, to the North of the Island of Oesel, in the Baltick Sea, at the mouth of the Bay of Riga, which has two Castles; and is under the King of Sweden.

Dagno, Thermidava, a City of Dalmatia or Albania, upon the River Drino.

Dai or Daae, an ancient People of Scythia Asiatica upon the Caspian Sea, adjoining to the Massagetae.

Dalanguer, Imaus.

Dalecarle, Dalecarlia or Dalarne, a great Province in the Kingdom of Sweden, towards the Mountains of Savona and Norway, which bounds it on the West; on the North it hath Helsinga; Gestricia on the East, and Vermelandia on the South: a vast Country, but it has never a City or good Town in it. Taking this Name from the River Dalecarle, which is one of the most considerable of all the Rivers of the Kingdom of Sweden. It is a Mountainous Country.

Dalem, Dalemum, a small Town of the Dutchy of Limburg in the Low Countreys, under the Hollanders. It stands upon a Stream two Leagues from Liege, and three from Aix la Chapelle: fortified with a strong Castle, and adorned with the Title of an Earldom, and likewise enjoying a Jurisdiction over a Territory of many Villages beyond the Meuse.

Dalia, a Province contained within Westrogothia in the Kingdom of Sweden, between the Lake of of Vener and the Prefecture of Bahuys. Dalebourg is the most considerable Town in it.

Dallendorf, a Village and Castle in Eyfel, in the Dutchy of Juliers, which was the Seat of the ancient Taliates: sometimes called Tallenford.

Dalmatia, the Eastern part of the ancient Illyricum, called by the Ancients Delmio or Dalmatia, from a City of that Name, its Capital. The Inhabitants of which revolting with about twenty Towns from the Kingdom of Epirus, called this small District by the Name of Dalmatia. Afterwards it was conquered by the Romans, and after this by the Sclavonians: called by the Turks Bosnaeli, by the Poles Slowienska, by the Italians Schiavonia, by the French Dalmatie. That Country which now goes by the Name, is but a small part of the ancient Dalmatia; lying upon the Adriatick Sea, and bounded on the North by Croatia and Bosnia, on the East by Servia, on the South by Albania, and on the West by the Adriatick; in which Bounds Morlachia is included. In the year 1076. Pope Gregory VII. in a Council held at Salona, actually erected this Country into a Kingdom, by the Investiture of Demetrius, then Duke of Dalmatia, with all the Ensigns of Royalty. Now the greatest part is under the Turks, but the Sea-Coasts and Islands are in the hands of the Venetians, who have taken several Forts from the Turks in this present War. The Common-wealth of Ragusa lies in Dalmatia also; which is not subject either to the Turks or Venetians, though it payeth a voluntary Tribute to the former; but in 1686. they were very earnest with the Emperor of Germany by their Embassador,

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to undertake their Protection against the Turks. The Sclavonian Language is spoken by the Natives of Dalmatia.

Dalton, a Market Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Loynsdale; seated in a Champaign Country, not far from the Sea.

Dam, a strong Town in Flanders, built of late years to secure Bruges against the Hollanders, from which it stands but one League towards the North. This is still in the hands of the Spaniard. § Dam, a strong Town in the Dukedom of Pomerania, upon the River Oder, right over against Stetin, which is in the Possession of the King of Sweden. § Dam, a Town in Gronningen, three Miles from the chief City of that Province to the East, and one from Delfziil to the West, seated upon Damsterdiep.

Damala, Troezeu, once a City, now a small Town or Village on the Eastern Shoar of the Morea; twenty seven Miles from Napoli to the North-East, and fourteen from Corinth to the South-East.

Daman or Damaon, a celebrated Port on the West of Malabar in the Kingdom of Guzurate, upon the Coast of the Gulph of Cambaia, twenty Leagues from Surate, in 20. deg. of Northern Latitude: in the hands of the Portuguese; who built it, and have so strongly fortified it, that the Great Mogul in vain of late besieged it with forty thousand men.

Damascus, is the principal and the most ancient Town in Syria: seated in a Plain upon the Chrysorrhoas, or a River called the Golden Stream by the Ancients; surrounded with Mountains, one hundred and forty Miles from Jerusalem to the South, and Antioch to the North. This City is so ancient, that it is not known when or by whom it was built; but it is mentioned by Abraham. In the succeeding Ages of the World, it followed the Fate of Syria, successively subject to all the four great Empires, and famous under all. But then the Conversion of S. Paul, which happened in part near and in part within this City, is one of the greatest things that has in the Course of so many Ages befallen it. This was also one of the first great Cities the Saracens took from the Romans, after a Siege of six Months, in 636. by Omar the Successor of Abubecher. In 813. it was made the Seat of one of their Califs. Babylon being the second, and Grand Cairo the third. Conradus III. Emperor of Germany attempted in 1147. to reduce it, without any good Success, by reason of the Divisions amongst the Christians in the Holy Land. In 1298. it was taken by Cassan the Turk, and 30000 Saracens slain; but the Saracens soon after recovered it. About 1395. it became a Prey to that Flagellum Dei, (Tamerlane) the great Scythian Conqueror: After this it was subject to the Sultans of Aegypt, till Selim I. about 1514. subjected it to the Ottoman Empire, under which it still is. This City is an Archbishop's See under the Patriarch of Antioch; the Seat of one of the Turkish Visiers; in a fruitful Valley, so extreamly pleasant withal, as amongst many Writers to gain the Title of the Paradise of the World. Yet not mightily inhabited of later times; being more visited by Pilgrims of the Turkish and Christian Religions, than by Merchants. The Current of the Trade running by Aleppo, fifty Miles more North. It is now called by the Turks Scham. Long. 69. 00. Lat. 33. 00.

Dambea, a City and Kingdom in Aethiopia in Africa, near the Fountains of the Nile; which has a Lake in it of the same Name, (twenty five French Leagues in Length, and fifteen in Breadth) incompassed on all sides by Mountains, out of which arise a vast Number of Rivers to form this Lake, called Bar-Dambea, the Sea of Dambea, in the Aethiopick Language: And out of these Waters, thus united; the Nile springeth, at some Distance from the Mounains. See Nile. There are twenty one Islands standing in this Lake; the chiefest of which is Dek.

Damiata, a City of Egypt, upon one of the more Eastern Mouths of the Nile: Anciently called Tamiatis or Damiata, and now by the Arabians Damiat. This City stands on the opposite Shoar to Pelusium, and grew out of the Ruins of it. Taken by the Christians in 1218. But in 1221. they were forced to restore it, being involved in such Miseries by the Waters that were let loose upon them, that they must otherwise have perished. After this it was retaken by Lewis IX. in 1249. who being afterwards taken Prisoner by the Sultan, was forced to restore it as his Ransom; after which the Saracens burnt it. This is an Archbishops See under the Patriarch of Alexandria; and now a great, well peopled City, and one of the Keys of that Country. Long. 63. 20. Lat. 31. 10.

Dammartin, or Dampmartin, Domnum Martinum, a Town in the Province of the Isle of France near Paris. Adorned with a Collegiate Church; and famous in French History for the Earls of the House that derive their Name from it.

Damor, Leon, a River in Phoenicia, which ariseth from Mount Lebanon, and falls into the Mediterranean Sea, between Sydon and Bayrut.

Damut, Damot, or Damout, a Kingdom of the higher Aethiopia, heretofore under the Abissins; but now torn from them by the Gala's. Its Situation is towards the Lake of Zaire. There are many Golden Mines in it; and a City, the Capital, of the same Name.

Dampierre, a Barony in the Territory of Aunis in France, upon the River Boutonne or Voltunna.

Damvillers, Damvillerum, or Danvilliers, Danvillerium, a strong Town in Luxemburgh, upon the River Maes, seated upon a Hill, five Leagues from Verdun to the North, and about eight German Miles from Thionville to the West. Taken by the French in 1637. and annexed to the Dutchy of Lorrain; but in 1673. dismantled.

Danambre. See the Nieper.

Danby, an ancient Castle in the Tract of Cleveland in the North-Riding of Yorkshire; seated near a large Park and Chase of the same Name. First advanced to the Dignity of an Earldom by King Charles I. in the Person of Henry Danvers of the Line of the Lord Latimer, to whom this Castle did anciently belong: and afterwards upon the Default of Issue from the said Henry, in the Person of Thomas Osborn, created by King Charles II. Baron of Kineton and Viscount Latimer in 1673. and Earl of Danby the year after: The now Marquess of Caermarthen, from King William.

Dandalii, an ancient People of Germany, of great Power in the twelfth Century; and so addicted to their Paganism, that VValdemar King of Denmark with the Princes of Pomerania and Saxony were obliged to force them by Sea and Land to hear Christianity preached amongst them.

Dangala, or Dancala, a City of the Ʋpper Aethiopia, upon the Nile, in the Tract of Nubia, (whereof it is the Capital) and in the Kingdom of Gorhani, towards the North. Long. 52. Lat. 10.

Danneberg, or Daneberg, a Town and County in the Dukedom of Lunenburgh, upon the River Tetza, four Miles from the Elb, and seven from Lunenburgh to the South-East. The Town has a Castle belonging to it. The County belongs to the Duke of Zell, and is extended from East to West upon the Elb, between the Dukedom of Mecklenburgh to the North, the Marquisate of Brandenburg to the South and East, and the Dukedom of Lunenburgh to the West. It had heretofore Earls of its own; but Nicolas,

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the last of them, in 1303. sold it to Otto Duke of Brunswick: Of latter Times it was under the Duke of VVolfembuttel, and by him was granted in 1671. to the Duke of Zell.

Dantsick, Dantzik, Dantiscum, Gedanum, called by the Inhabitants and Poles Danske, and Danzig by the Germans; is a vast well fortified City of Poland; the Capital of Prussia, in the little Pomerania, with a noble Haven and Castle upon the Vistula which a League below dischargeth it self into the Bay of Dantzick, a Part of the Baltick Sea. So watered by two other Rivers, the Rodaun and the Motlau; towards the South and West it has some Hills, which in 1656. were first fortified against the Swedes. This City is Imperial and Free, belonging originally to the Empire. Primislaus King of Poland, in 1295. first walled it against the Knights of the Teutonick Order, as Cromerus saith, lib. 11. After this it was betrayed to the Marquess of Brandenburgh by one Peter Chancellor of Pomerania, who being in wrath with Ʋladislaus Lochicus his Master, King of Poland, and the Castle thereupon surprised by the Teutonick Order, (who pretended to assist Ʋladislaus) they demanded a vast Sum of Money, which the Citizens refusing to pay, they proceeded to take the City, to plunder and slay great Numbers of the Inhabitants. In 1310. Sigismundus Augustus took away half the Customs upon their Disrespect to his Ambassador, who was sent to quiet them, then in Tumult and Disorder: He reserved also the greater Causes to the Determination of the Diet of Poland, contrary to the Privilege granted by Casimirus his Predecessor. In 1569. Stephanus King of Poland, proscrib'd them, for taking part with the House of Austria against him; which Quarrel was ended by the Mediation of the Neighbouring Princes. In 1597. Ʋladislaus IV. had also some Controversies with this City about their Imposts. The Protestant Religion is imbraced here, the Roman Catholick tolerated. No Man is admitted into the Senate, except he be a Luthoran. In 1596. the Senate granted the Jesuits the Monastery of S. Bridget, and S. Maries Church; but the City opposed it so vigorously, that three Days after they were forced to recall their Edict. In 1657. this City was forced to burn her own Suburbs to prevent their being taken by the Swedes. It lies in Long 41. 30. Lat. 54. 20.

Danube, Danubius, Ister, is one of the greatest Rivers in Europe, and no less celebrated both in Ancient and Modern Story: Called Danubius and Ister, whence Ovid. lib. 1. de Pont.<blockquote>Stat vetus Ʋrbs ripae vicina Binominis Istri.</blockquote>The upper part next the Fountains, was for the most part called the Danube; and the lower from Illyricus or Sclavonia, the Ister, as Pliny saith; by the Germans Donaw, by the French Danube, by the Italians Danubio, by the Poles Dunay, by the Turks Tunay. It ariseth in the County of Bar in Suabia, sour German Miles from Freiburgh to the East, and nine from Basil to the North-East; running North-East, it passes by Ʋlm, having received a great many smaller Rivers on both Sides, which for Brevity I must omit. At Leucy it entereth Bavaria, and a little further from the South receiveth the Leck, which passeth by Ausprugh; and still continuing its Course as far as Regensburgh, it then turns and runs more Easterly to the Confines of Austria, where at Passaw it entertains the vast River Inn, which comes from Inspruck, and brings many other with it; from hence it goeth to Vienna, where it makes an Island; then washeth the Walls of Presburgh the Capital of the Ʋpper Hungary, where it divides and makes the Island of Schut: at Comora it unites again, and goes on to Gran, bending its Course more Southerly; from whence it passeth to Buda the Capital of all Hungary, where it makes two other Islands, one above Buda, and another a little below Colocza. The Sarawitz, which comes from Alba-Regalis, falls into it from the West; then the Drave at Esseck; then the Tibiscus a vast River of Ʋpper Hungary from the East; and the Save again on the West by Belgrade, which is the first Town of Servia: from hence its Course is more East, having Moldavia, VValachia, and Bialogrod on the North, Servia and Bulgaria on the South; where it makes many Isles, and then entereth the Euxine or Black Sea by three great Outlets; the two more Northerly, being as it were reunited in the very Entry of them into the Sea. Dr. Edward Browne, in his Travels, saith; That at Crainburgh, not far distant from the Head, it appeared a considerable Stream; a little after from the City Ʋlm in Suevia, where it beginneth to be Navigable, it continues a long Course; passing by Ingolstad, Ratisbone, Straubing, Passaw, Lintz and Vienna, unto Presburgh; from whence through Hungary it makes a Course of above three hundred Miles, before it passes by Belgrade. It drinks in above sixty considerable Rivers; and in a sober Account performs a Course of above 1500 Miles, from its Rise to its Fall. This River has had many Naval Fights upon it between the Turks and Christians. At one time there were twenty Galliots, eighty small Pinnaces, and little less than a hundred Ships of Burthen employed upon it, in a Siege of Buda. At the Siege of Belgrade, Mahomet the Great brought two hundred Ships and Galleys up the Stream; the Hungarians sent so many from Buda down the Stream, that after a sharp Encounter, the Hungarians took twenty, and forced the rest on shoar near the Camp; so that Mahomet was forced to burn them to prevent their being taken by the Christians. This perhaps is more than can be said of any other River in the World. It abounds in good Fish, as Trouts, Perches, large and delicious Carps, exceeding (saith Dr. Browne) any I have seen, &c. some of which is every Year salted, and sent into other Parts. This River, to conclude, was for many Ages the Boundary on this Side of the Roman Empire, and against the barbarous Nations; accordingly the Roman Legions had their Stations upon its Banks: they were the Founders of many of the Cities; and many memorable Actions in those early Days happened near it, sometimes between the Romans themselves, and sometimes between them and the Barbarians.
Danvilliers. See Damvilliers.

Daphne, a delightful Village of old in Syria, upon the Banks of the River Orontes, five Miles from Antioch the Great. Where was a large famous Cypress▪Wood consecrated to Apollo, with a Temple to his Honour also, and another to Diana; and a Spring called the Fountain of Daphne. The Romans for some time kept a Legion here, till they found their Men effeminated by the Pleasures of the Place. Pompey the Great, charmed with its Beauty, became a Benefactor to it. Constantine M. built a House of Pleasure in it in the Year 326. Gallus caused the Body of the Martyr Babylas, the Patriarch of Antioch, to be transported hither; whereupon it is said Apollo surceased his Oracle. Julian the Apostate commanded the said Body to be removed in 362. After which the Temple of Apollo was so consumed in a Storm of Thunder and Lightning, that in S. Chrysostom's time only one Pillar, now nothing is remaining thereof. And the Christian Emperors succeeding Julian erected Churches in its Room.

Darbon, Alpheus, a River in the middle of the Morea, which falls into the Ladon (which falls into the Orfea,) and divides at Pilus: one Branch called

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Illiaco, runs West, and entereth the Ocean over against Zant; the other (Alpheo) runs South, and entereth the Gulph of Arcadia, over against the Town of Stroffhad, 20 Miles North-West of Arcadia.

Darby, Derby, Derbia, is both a City and a County in England. The County has Nottinghamshire on the East, Leicestershire on the South, Staffordshire on the West, and Yorkshire on the North. The River Derwent divides it into two Parts, running North and South, and at last falls into Trent, which is its Southern Boundary. That Part which lies East of Derwent is plain and fruitful; the Western Parts are more mountainous and barren, but abound in Mines of Lead, Iron, Coals, and afford good Pasture for Sheep. In the South-East Part of this County upon the River Derwent, lieth the City of Derby, which first takes its Name from the River, and then lends it to the County: A fine, rich, welltraded City. On the East Side it has Derwent, covered by a Stone-Bridge; on the South it hath a clear Rivolet called Mertenbrook: and within it five Parish-Churches. Thomas Lord Stanley was created Earl of Darby in 1486. by Henry VII. in the first Year of his Reign. The present VVilliam Stanley, who is the ninth Earl of this Family (and the fourth of England) succeeded Charles his Father in 1672. A Title heretofore enjoyed, first by the Earls of Ferrers and Darby, and afterwards by several Princes of the Royal Family.

Darda, a strong Fort at the North end of the Bridge of Esseck, built by the Turks in 1686. and taken by the Germans when they burnt the Bridge: Retaken by the Duke of Lorrain in 1687. and designed to be fortified, but soon after deserted rather, that the Turks might have a free Passage to their ruin, as came to pass Aug. 12. 1687. when they received the greatest Overthrow near this Place, which has befallen them in this last Century. See Mohatz.

The Dardanelles, Dardanium, Dardania, are two Castles built by Mahomet II. The one in Europe, where anciently stood Cestos; the other in Asia, in the place of Abidos, upon the streightest part of the Helespont. They stand two hundred Miles South of Constantinople, as being the Keys of that City. The famous Monsieur Thevenot, who saw them in 1655. thus describes them (as he is translated). That which is in Romania, on the Side of Europe, is built in a triangular Form, at the Foot of an Hill, which commands and covers it; where there is a little Town. This Castle hath three Towers covered with Lead, whereof two are towards the Land, and the third which is the biggest, upon the Harbor. It hath (said he) as I could discern with a Perspective-Glass, about twenty Port-holes▪ level with the Water; in which, besides what I could observe by my Glasses, I was assured that a Man might easily creep into some of the Guns, they were of such a prodigious Bore. The other on the Asia Side is in a Plain, and seemed to me to be almost square. It hath three Towers on each Side, and a Dungeon or Platform in the Middle, but not so many Port-holes as the other. These Castles are of no Strength to Landward, being only designed against Ships, as Mr. Sandys and all observe; but they were kept by strong Garrisons. This Place is famous for the Loves of Hero and Leander, the Passage of Xerxes by a Bridge of Boats, the Passage of the Turks a little above these Castles; and of later times for three Naval Victories obtained here by the Venetians, in 1655, 1656, and 1657. Since that the Turks have built two other Castles, which bear just upon the entrance of the Hellespont, about three Miles more South than the old Dardanelles. That on Asia Side lieth not above two Miles from Troas upon a flat Ground. That on Europe, on the side of a Hill, with round Towers, and several Ascents after the old Fashion, as Mr. VVheeler observes; which, he saith, were built since Mr. Sandys's time, and in all probability since 1655. upon the Occasion of those Venetian Victories. The Turks call Lepanto and Patras, at the entrance of the Bay or Gulph of Lepanto, the Dardanelles, by way of Allusion. There are two other such Castles call'd the Dardanelles of the Gulph of Larta in Epirus, eighty English Miles North-West from Lepanto.

Dardania, the ancient Name of a Country in the upper Maesia, which became afterwards a part of Dacia, and now makes properly the South Quarter of the Province of Servia, wherein Nizza and Ʋscopia stand. § Also an ancient Town and Province of Troas in Asia the Less, mentioned by Mela, Pliny, &c.

Darha, a Country, City, and River in the Division of Biledulgeridia in Africa. The River is subject to an annual Inundation, which beginning in April (if a great one) makes a fruitful Year. Towards this River stands the City Darha in Darha properly so called, which is one of the three Parts this Country is divided into: the others being Itata and the Kingdom of Teslete. This Country lies between the Kingdom of Morocco, Tesset, and Segellomessa; under the Obedience of the King of Teslete, who is a Tributary to the Emperor of Morocco. It abounds particularly with excellent Palm-Trees.

Daria, an ancient Episcopal City of Mesopotamia, fifteen Miles from Nisibin. It has also been called Anastasiopolis, and Anastasia, from its Founder, the Emperor Anastasius.

Darien, a City upon the Gulph of Ʋrraba with a great River in the Province of Terra Firma in the South America. The See of this City has been transferred thence to Panama, being not so considerable a Place as formerly. The River is otherwise called the River of S. John, and El Rio Darien.

Darking, a Market-Town in Surrey, the Capital of its Hundred, upon a Branch of the River Mole; which at a Place, called the Swallow, by the Foot of a Hill here falls under Ground and rises again the Distance of a Mile thence, near Norbury.

Darlington, a Market-Town in the Bishoprick of Durham; the Capital of its Wapentake; with a fair Bridge over the River Skerne, where there runs another small Rivulet into it.

Darmstad, Darmstadium, a Town and Landgravate in the County of Gerawer in Franconia, upon the River Darmstad, which has a fine Castle; where the Landgrave of Gerawer or Darmstad resides. It stands two Miles from the Rhine, and three from Francfort on the Mayn towards the South. And belongs to a Branch of the House of the Landgraves of Hesse, thence entituled, the Princes of Hesse-Darmstad.

Daroca, a Town in the Kingdom of Arragon in Spain, upon the River Xiloca, four or five Leagues from Calatajud, and about ten from Saragossa.

Dartford, a large Market-Town in Kent in Sutton Lath upon the River Darent, not far from the Influx thereof into the Thames. The Rebellion of John Tyler (alias Jack Straw,) in the Reign of Richard II. in 1381. began here.

Darwent, a River in Darbyshire; another in Cumberland; and a third in Yorkshire. Sir Francis Ratcliff of Dilston in the County of Cumberland, was made Earl of Darwent-VVater, by K. James II. August 24. 1687. Baron of Tindale, and Viscount Ratcliff and Langley. See Derwent.

Daventry, a Market and great Road-Town in Northamptonshire, in the Hundred of Fauseley, upon a Rivulet that falls into the Nen.

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Daulia, Daulis, an ancient City of Phocis in Achaia, not far from Delphi to the South. It has sometime been a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Athens; now ruined. § A second in Macedonia, whose modern Name is Eladasagni.

Dauphine, Allobroges, Delphinatus, a great Province in the South-East part of France; bounded on the East by Piedmont, on the North by Savoy and La Bresse, from which it is separated by the River Rhosne; on the West by Lion and Vivarais, from which the same River divides it; and on the South by Provence. It had heretofore Princes of its own, called the Daulphines; but Humbartus II. their last Prince, in 1343. gave this Principality to Philip de Valois King of France, upon Condition that the eldest Son of the King of France should bear this Title, which has been ever since observed. The principal City is Grenoble.

Dax▪ See Acqs.

The Dead-Sea. See Asphaltites.

Deal, a Member of the Town and Port of Sandwich in Kent; of Note for the Harbouring of Fleets from time to time here, in Order to sail East or West.

Dean. See the Forest of Dean.

Dean-Magna, a Market-Town in Glocestershire, in the Hundred of S. Briavells

Deben, a River in Suffolk, upon which VVoodbridge and Debenham stand. It discharges it self into the Sea twelve Miles below the latter.

Debenhan, a Market-Town in Suffolk, in the Hundred of Thedwastree, upon the River Deben.

Debir. See Dabir.

Decan, or Decam, is a very great Kingdom in the Promontory of Malabar in the East-Indies; bounded on the West by the Indian or Arabian Ocean, on the North by the Kingdom of Guzarat, on the East by that of Golconda, and on the South by the Kingdom of Bisnagar. The Capital of it is Visapar; and the greatest part has been subdued by the Moguls, or divided into petty Kingdoms; of which see Mr. Thevenot's Travels. The Portuguese overcame Goa, (a Member of this Kindom) in 1510. and have ever since retained it.

Decize, Dececia, a Town in the Province of Nivernois in France, seven or eight Leagues from Nevers; standing in an Islet of the Loyre, where the River Airon beds with the Loyre. It is a Pass of some Consequence, belonging to the▪ Dukes of Nevers who have a Castle here. And the Roman Medals that have been found at it, demonstrate the Antiquity of it.

Deddington, a Market-Town in Oxfordshire, in the Hundred of VVotton.

Dedham, a Market-Town in Essex, in the Hundred of Lexden.

Dee, Deva, a River called by the VVelsh, Fridwy, ariseth in Merionethshire, from the Lake of Llyntegid; and running North-West, takes in the River of Alwen in the same County; then passeth into Denbighshire, and becomes a Boundary between that and Shropshire, admitting (another of its boundaries) the River Keriog; and passing by Bangor the famous old VVelsh Monastery, it entereth Cheshire at Shocklidge. At Alford it takes in another small River, and in Flintshire the River Allen; so having divided Cheshire from Flintshire at VVest-Chester, it falls into the Irish Sea, making a great Haven, called by the VVelsh Eee, Etu, by the English Dee-Mouth. § Dee, Dea, a River in Galloway in Scotland, which riseth in the Borders of Coila; and running South takes in many other small Rivers, and at last buries it self in Solway Fyrth; which parts Scotland from the North-West of England at Kirkubrig, a famous Town of Galloway.

Deeping, a Market-Town in Lincolnshire in the Hundred of Nesse.

Deistan, Oxus. See Geichon.

Deizer, Dordomana, a City of Persia.

Delbrugk, Delbrugia, a small Town in the Circle of VVestphalia in Germany, between the Rivers Ems and Lippe. Its ancient Inhabitants were the Brucleri whom Germa••cus overthrew.

Dele, or Dyle, Dila, a River rising near the Village Thile in Brabant in the Low-Countries; running by Louvain, and after the Reception of the Demer, falling into the Scheld at Rupel-Monde.

Delft, Delphi, a City of the Province of Holland, which gives name to a District; one of the principal Cities of that State; very populous and well built. Here is the Monument of VVilliam of Nassaw, the Founder of the Low-Country Liberty, who was here assassinated by the Spaniards, in 1584 And likewise another of Admiral Trump. It is not above one League from the Hague, three from Roterdam, and as many from Leiden, in a Plain. In the year 1536. a Fire almost entirely destroyed it. The Town Delfs-Haven, within a quarter of a League of Rotterdam, is under the Jurisdiction of this City

Delli, Crateres, two little deep Lakes, mention'd by the Ancients, in the Island of Sicily near Catania. They were consecrated by the Natives to the D•i Palisci.

Delly or Delhi, a great City and Kingdom under the Mogul in the East-Indies, upon the River Gemna, a hundred Miles from Agria to the N. towards Labor: length of time had much wasted it: whereupon Chah Jehan, the Father of Auran Zeb Emperor of that Country, in 1625. built up another vast one by it, called Chah Jehan-Abad, or shorter Jehan-Abad, that it might be the Capital of his Empire: since which it has flourished, and encreased above any City in the Indies, as Bernerius (cited by Baubrand) saith, who had often seen it. This City was the Seat of Porus the Indian King, who made himself famous by his Wars with Alexander the Great. Near it stands a Pyramid or Obelisk of Stone, which by its unknown Characters seems to be of great Antiquity; thought in the Indies to have been erected by Alexander the Great after the Defeat of Porus. The River Gemna on which this City stands, runs East, and falls into the Ganges. The Fortress of it is half a League in compass, with round Towers at the distance of every ten Battlements: the Ditches are full of Water, Wharfed with Stone; and it has lovely Gardens round about it. In this Citadel is the Royal Palace. The Town has no Ditches, but Walls filled up with Earth behind, and Towers.

Delmenhorst, Delmenhorstium, a small Town in the Principality of Oldembourg in Germany upon the River Delmen, which denominates it and soon after falls into the Weser. It hath the honor of the Title of an Earldom; three Leagues from Bremen, and a little more from Oldembourg. Under the King of Denmark ever since 1667.

Delos, Ortygia, Lagia, Asteria, Midia, Cynthon, a famous Island of the Archipelago, the chief of the Cyclades, towards Europe: called by the Modern Grecks plurally 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, as comprehending the other Island Rhene or Rhenis with it, because these two at a distance seem to make but one Island. And by Mariners Sdille, by a corruption of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Apollo and Diana were supposed to be born here. The former had here his Temple and his Oracle; some Ruines whereof, with others of a Theatre, a School, &c. are yet visible at Sdilles, that is, the ancient City Delos, called afterwards Athenae Adrianae, which is little inhabited now. In the middle of the Island stands the Mountain Cynthus, which gave the Epithet of Cynthia to Diana; not above one hundred and twenty five foot high, and therefore short of shadowing

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the Island, as it was represented to do in the ancient account. It is a Rock of Marble. The whole Island is covered with heaps of the same. Besides which, it yields Mastick, and Hares in the like abundance as formerly when it received the Name of Lagia from them. Called Delos, says Aristotle, because it shew'd it self of a sudden in a place where no Island was before: which might be the reason of the Ancients sancying that it sometime floated.

Delphi, Delphos, a City of Phocis in Achaia, at the foot of Mount Parnassus, which in ancient times was very great, though not walled otherwise than by the steep Rocks that encompassed it: it had a Castle which stood on the top of a Rock, now called La Castri. This Place once so famous for the most admired and rich Temple of Apollo Pythius and the Oracle which the Gauls under Brennus attempted in vain to spoil, in Christian times became a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Athens: but since it fell into the hands of the devouring Turks, it is become a poor small Village twenty Miles West from Leucadia, forty from Lepanto to the East, and about seven, saith Baudrand, from the Bay of Corinth. It is observed by Suidas, Cedrenus, Nicephorus, and divers others, that about the time of the Nativity of our Saviour, this Pythian Oracle became dumb. And Augustus, being astonished at its silence, received for answer,<blockquote>Me Puer Hebraeus, divos Deus ipse gubernans, Cedere sede jubet tristemque redire sub orcum; Aris ergo dehinc tacitis abscedito nostris.</blockquote>Nero afterwards plundered it of five hundred Statues of Brass, with all its Wealth, broke down its Buildings, and distributed the Lands belonging to it amongst his Souldiers.
Delta, an Island made by the Nile in Egypt, of the fashion of the Letter Δ in the Greek, in the way as that River flows from Cairo. Ptolomy mentions two, a greater and a less of this sort. The ancient City Busiris did stand in the midst of this Island.

Demer, Tabuda, a River in Brabant.

Demetriade, Dimnitrado, Demetrias, an ancient City of Magnesia in the Province of Thessalia in Macedonia, upon the Gulph dell' Armiro, or the Pelasgicus sinus of the Classicks. It has been heretofore a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Larissa, from which it stands twenty Miles to the East.

Denbigh, Denbiga, one of the twelve Shires in wales, has the Irish Sea on the North; Flintshire on the East: Merinoth on the South, and Caernarvan on the West. The principal Rivers are Cluyd, Elway, and Conwey; which last separates this Shire from Carnarvan. The West part is barren; the middle, where the Cluyd runneth, is plain and very fruitful; the last part (except what lies upon the D〈…〉 is less fertil. Denbigh, the principal Town, stands upon a declining Rock. H. Lacy Earl of Lincoln obtaining a Grant of this Place from Edward I. walled it, and set up a Castle on the South side; but wanting Water and being of difficult Access, the Inhabitants have by degrees removed their Dwellings nearer the River; and in Mr. Cambden's time were building a second Church, the former not being able to contain the Inhabitants. This Town has the River Aled or Elwy on the West, and the Cluyd on the East, which meet beneath it to the North: it has a Bridge over both of them; the later Maps place the Elwy on the South of the Town. It stands fifteen Miles from Chester to the West, and four from S. Asaph to the South. The Right Honorable William Fielding is Earl of Denbigh, and the fourth Earl of his Family.

Dendermonde, Teneramunda, is a strong Town in Flanders upon the River Schelde, where the Tenera from Alost falls into it; lying in the middle between Gant and Antwerp, about five Leagues from either.

Denmark, Denemarck, Dania, Cimbrius Chersonesus, called by the Italians and Spaniards Danimarca, by the Poles Dunska. Is one of the most ancient Kingdoms of Europe, yet of no great Extent. Part of a vast Peninsula, (called of old Cimbricus Chersonesus, in middle time Jutland) and some Islands in the Eastern and Baltick Sea, make the body of this Kingdom; except that the Kingdom of Norway, together with Greenland, Island, and Feroe is now annexed to it. It was once a part of the Kingdom of the Goths, but now a separate Kingdom, consisting of two parts, Jutland and the Isles. The North of Jutland only is under the King of Denmark. viz. Nort Jutland, and the Northern parts of Suder Jutland. Of the Islands, Zeeland, Fuynen and Bornholm in the Baltick Sea, and Island in the Virgivian Ocean are the chief. Coppenhague in the Isle of Zeeland is the Capital of the whole. There were also three Counties on the Norway side; Blecklen, Schania and Haland, which belonged originally to Denmark: but in 1645. by the Treaty of Brooms-Boa, these and some other Islands were surrendered by Christian IV. to the Swedes for ever; and again in 1658. and 1660. confirmed to the Swedes. This Kingdom had heretofore the Isles of Shetland on the North of Scotland, which were granted to James VI. as a part of his Queens Dowry. The King of Denmark possesseth also in Germany, 1. Half the Dukedom of Holsatia. 2. The Counties of Oldenburgh, and that of Delmenhorst; which two fell to him by Inheritance from the last Count of Oldenburgh. Till 1660 the Crown was Elective, but then made Hereditary by Frederick III. The Danes have also enlarged their Princes Bounds by planting a New Denmark in the North of America. This Kingdom once was one of the most Powerful in Europe; (as may be remembred more particularly to us, by their Incursions into England, Scotland and Ireland; where they maintained War with our Ancestors above three hundred years together): But by the Fate of Time, War, and other humane Calamities, reduced to the state in which it now is. The Danish Writers derive its Name, and pretend to give a Catalogue of their Kings, from Dan the Son of Jacob. It is a cold Climate, but fruitful enough in Corn, Cattle and Fish; and the greatest Revenue of the Crown comes from the Toll that is payed for passing the Sound.

Denia, a Sea-Port in the Kingdom of Valentia in Spain, over against the Isle of Yvica, on the Mediterranean Sea, eleven Miles from Valentia to the South.

Denin, a celebrated Nunnery in the Low Countreys, upon the Road from Valenciennes to Doway: where the Chapter is composed of 18 Chanonesses, who are all Ladies of Quality, taking the Title of Countesses of Ostrevan, from their Founder S. Aldebert, an Earl of Ostrevan, who left both his Estate and Dignity to them. They enter into no Vows Marry at their pleasure, leaving only their thanks to the Chapter for the honour they have enjoyed by it.

St Dennis en Uaux, ad Sanctum Dionysium in Vallibus, a Town in the Dukedom of Orleans in France.

St. Dennis Carriere, a Town and a famous Monastery in the Isle of France, two Leagues from Paris to the South; one of the richest Monasteries in that Kingdom, upon the River Crou, which a little lower falls into the Scin. The Abbey was founded in 636. by Dagobert King of France in honor of S. Dennis, whose Bones sleep here. But the Church was rebuilt since by Suggerus one of their Abbots, in three Years and three Months, ending in 1144. Here are the Tombs of the Kings of France. Some of which have died here too.

St. Dennis, a Town in Normandy in the Forest of Lyons, on the Borders of Beauvois, in which Henry I. King of England died.

Deptford, a large Town in Kent in Sutton Lath; situated at the fall of the River Ravensburn into the Thames amongst rich and low Meadows, and provided with a Dock and Store-house for the Navy Royal. It is divided into the Upper and Lower Town.

Derbices, an ancient People about the Mountain Caucasus in Persia, towards the Caspian Sea, and the Confines of Scythia; said to be very Cruel and Barbarous in many Customs.

Derby, See Darby.

Dereham East, a Market Town in Norfolk in the Hundred of Milford.

Dernis, a Town and Fortress in Dalmatia upon an Hill near the River Cicola. Taken and burnt by the Forces of the Republick of Venice in 1684.

Derote, Latone, a famous City in the Egyptian Delta, which is still extant, and of some consideration; but without any Walls, as Zeiglerus saith.

Derpt, Torpatum, a City of Livonia, called Juriogrod by the Russ. A small City belonging to the Poles, in the Province of Odenpoa, upon the River Embeck, near the Lake of Peibas on the West side, twenty one Miles from Ruel to the South-East, and fourteen from Pleskow to the West. Anciently a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Riga, from 1230. but the Bishoprick is now extinct. Taken by the Swedes in 1625. under the Command of James de la Gardie. And in 1632. there was an University opened in it by Gustavns Adolphus King of Sweden.

Derry, Roboretum, Derra, Deria, commonly called London-Derry, is both a City and a County in the Province of Ʋlster in the Kingdom of Ireland. The County is bounded on the North by the Ocean, on the East by Antrim, on the South by Tyrone, and on the West by Dunglass; and was heretofore called Colrane. The City is a Colony from London, sent about an hundred years since into these parts; and in 1664. the Bishops See was removed from Rapoe hither. In the great Massacre it preserved it self, and afforded shelter to as many as fled to it; the Irish being neither able to surprize, nor Master it: seated on the Western Shoar of the Lake of L. Foyle, twelve Miles from the Sea. Several thousands of this place perished through Sickness and Famine in the time they held it out for King William. At last they were relieved by Major General Kirke, July, 19. 1689. whereupon King James II. his Men decamped, leaving little appearance of a Siege behind them by the damage done to the Houses or Walls. For after King James's own presence and all the inviting means that could be used by him, proved ineffectual to alter the resolutions of the People by Persuasion, they thought to have reduced it by Famine.

Dertinouth, a fine Town and Haven in the South-West part of Devonshire, upon the River Dert, from whence it is so called; twenty four Miles South of Exeter. The Haven is much frequented by Merchants, and for that cause secured by two Castles or Forts. The Town has also a Mayor by the Grant of Edward III. And has often defended it self stoutly against the French; but especially in 1404. when de Castell a French Man, (who by his Men of War and Pyracies had stopped all Commerce in these parts, and burnt Plymouth), upon his attempting this Place, was by the Women and Country people intercepted, and slain with all his Company. The Loyal Colonel George Legge, was by Charles II. created Baron of Dertmouth, Novemb. 2. 1682. and by James II. Earl of Dertmouth. The River Dert riseth in the same County West of Chegforde; and running South, takes in a small Rivolet which comes from Ashburton, giving its Name on the West to a place called Dertmore; at Dean Prior on the West, it takes in another; and a little further, one called Harborne on the same side; from whence it passeth to its Outlet or Mouth, having performed a course of about twenty Miles.

Derwent, a River of Derbishire, which riseth in the Confines of the County of York; and running South, divides that whole County into two parts; at Bromford it takes in the New River; about five Miles further to the South, the Wye; then on the East side, the Amber at Danfield, another from the West; and at Derby, one called Merton-Brook; then having reached the other extremity of this County, the Trent, there and in that noble River it ends.

Derwent-Water, a Tract in the East-Riding of Yorkshire, betwixt the Rivers Ouse and Derwent: Honoured with the Title of an Earldom. See Darwent.

Dess, Disa, Dios, a River arising in the Bishoprick of Liege in the Low-Countreys, thence passing to Bosleduc, and a little further to the North losing it self in the Maes.

La Desiderada, a little and fruitful Island in the South America amongst the Antilles, under the French; ten or twelve Leagues from Guadaloupe: First discovered by Columbus, and so named by him, in signification, that he had attained his desires.

Desize, See Decize.

Desmond, Desmonia, by the Irish Deswown, is a County of the Province of Munster, in the South-West part of Ireland, upon the Rivers Mare and Bantry; having Kerry on the North, the Ocean on the West, and Cork on the South and East. It has two small Towns, Doneyne on the North, and Ardey on the South of Mare. William Fielding, Earl of Denbigh, is Earl of Desmond also.

Il Despotato, Despotatus, a Province of Greece, the same with the Aetolia, or according to others, with the Acarnania of the Ancients, or rather both; including also the Isles adjacent: being in the time of the Grecian Empire, the Government of the second Despote in quality (after the Despote of Peloponnesus) of all Greece.

Dessaw, Desavia, a strong Town in the Ʋpper Saxony upon the River Elb, six Miles from Mecydburg to the East, and five from wittenberg to the West; the usual Residence of the Prince of Anhault: at this Town the River Multa enters the Elb from the South. Also famous for a Victory obtained by Albert Wallenstein over Count Mansfield, in 1625.

Dethgle, Tigris.

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Deva, a Town of Guipuscoa in Spain, upon the Bay of Biscay, upon a River of the same Name; ten Miles from Valenzia to the East, and the same Distance from S. Sebastian to the West; having a very convenient Haven. The River riseth in the Mountains of Segura, and running North, falls here into the Bay of Biscay, after a Course of about twenty Miles; in the middle of which it salutes the City of Placentia.

Develtus, Develto, called by the Bulgarians Zagoria, or Zagora, is a City of Bulgaria, at the Foot of the Mountains, upon the River Panize; ten German Miles from the Euxine Sea, eighteen from Adrianople to the North-East; in the very Confines of Romania and Bulgaria: Heretofore a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Adrianople; but now raised to an Archbishoprick it self.

Deventer, Deventria, a City in the Province of Over-Yssel, which is the Capital of that Province. It stands upon the Yssel, four Miles from Zwol to the West, and seven from Nimeguen to the North-West. Made a Bishop's See by Pope Paul IV. in 1559. under the Archbishop of Ʋtrecht. Betray'd to the Spaniards in 1587. Subdued and brought under the Ʋnited Provinces again in 1591. Taken by the French in 1672. and deserted in 1674. It is surrounded on all Sides with Water, and very strongly fortified.

Deveril, a little Stream in VViltshire, which runs under ground a Mile.

Devizes, a Market and Borough-Town in VViltshire in the Hundred of Swanborn, near the Head of a Stream of the same Name with it self, which joyns the Avon. It returns two Burgesses to the Parliament.

Devonshire, Devonia, is one of the Southern Counties of England, which takes its Name from the Danmonii, the ancient British Inhabitants. On the North it is bounded by the Irish Sea, on the West by Cornwall, (from which it is divided by the River Tamar;) on the South by the British Sea, and on the East by Somersetshire and Dorsetshire. It hath on both these Seas many good Harbours; and is rich in Mines, especially the Western Parts. It abounds in pleasant Meadows, fine Woods, rich Towns: In other Places where the Soil is more barren, it is yet improveable, and rewards the Tillers Industry. Its chiefest Rivers are the Tam•r, the Turridge, the Taw, Ex, and Dert. The chief City is Exeter, next to which is Plymouth. The Honourable William Cavendish is Earl of this County, whose Grandfather William obtained this Honour from James I. Aug. 20. 1618. and has enjoyed it ever since 1628.

Deux-Ponts. See Zweybrucken.

Dewsberg. See Hensterberg.

Diablintres, Diablindi, or Diablitae, an ancient People of Gallia Celtiqua; supposed to dwell in the (now) Province of la Perche; with Noviodunum, or Nogent le Rotrou, for their Capital. Others say, in the Lesser Brittany, near Neodunum or Doll, where there are some Lands still bearing the Name of les Diableres, and Families of les Diables.

Le Diamond, a great Rock upon the Coast of the Island Martinique in the South America, at the Distance of a League. Observed to swarm with Fowl.

Diarbech, Mesopotamia, a Country in Asia, between the Euphrates and the Tygris; which is now in the hands of the Turks.

Diarbekir, a great and populous City of Mesopotamia upon the Banks of the Tygris; the Seat of a Potent Bassa, who is generally one of the Viziers of the Ottoman Empire, and has nineteen Sangiacs under him in the Compass of his Province. It is surrounded with a double Wall of sixty two Towers, and adorned with a stately Mosque which heretofore belonged to the Christians; whereof they reckon no less then 20000 still living in it, of the Armenian, Nestorian or Jacobite Churches, together with some Capuchines. It stands upon an Eminence, affords plenty of Provisions, and is able to bring into the Field 20000 Horse.

Dibres, a Town of the Kingdom of Epirus in Greece, taken by the Turks in 1442.

Dichling, a Market-Town in the County of Sussex, in Lewis Rape.

Dictamo, Dictamne, a Town in the Territory of Canea in the Island of Crete, whence comes the medicinal Herb Dittany.

Die, Dia Vocontiorum, Dea, a City in the Dauphinate in France; heretofore a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Vienne; but in 1275. by Pope Gregory IX. united to that of Valence. This City stands on the North Side of the River Drome, which falls into the Rhosne, eight Miles from Valence to the East, and eleven from Grenoble to the South-West. It is a Roman Town, called by Antoninus Dea Augusta, and in the Councils Dia. The Huguenots, in the Years 1577. and 1585. took and used it severely, and rased its Cittadel. An Inscription not long since was found in it, Matri Deûm Magnae Idaeae. For the Vocontii (its antient Inhabitants) were great Worshippers of that Goddess; whence the Name Dia came to be derived to this place.

Diemens, Diemini Regio, a Part of the Terra Australis, discovered in 1642. by a Dutchman of this Name. Yet we know not, whether it be an Island or a Continent.

Diepholt, a small Town in the Circle of VVestphalia in Germany, belonging to the Duke of Brunswick. It stands upon a Stream betwixt Bremen and Osnaburgh; with the Honour to bear the Title of an Earldom.

Dieppe, Deppa, a strong Sea-Port-Town, which has a noble Haven, in Normandy in France, upon the River Arques, fourteen Miles from Roan to the North, right over against Lewis in Sussex. This Town is remarkable for its Loyalty to Henry the Great, of France; who retiring hither, and not long after receiving a supply from Queen Elizabeth of 22000 l. in Gold and 4000 Men under the Lord VVilloughby, beat the Duke of Main, the General of the Leaguers, after all his Confidence, that he should either take this Prince Prisoner or drive him out of France. Which great Victory was unexpectedly gained in 1589.

Diest, a Town and Barony in the Dukedom of Brabant in the Low-Countries, upon the River Demere, two Leagues from Dalen and three from Tillemon. There are two Collegiate Churches in it.

Dietmarsh, or Dithmarsh, a part of Jutland in the Dukedom of Holsatia, at the Mouth of the Elbe; having the Ocean on the West, Holsatia on the East, the Elbe on the South, and the Dukedom of Sleswick on the North. It is so full of Marshes as to take its Name from them. The Inhabitants Rebelling against the Kings of Holsatia in 1500. obtained a great Victory; but in 1559. Adolph, Duke of Holsatia, being imployed by Frederick II. King of Denmark, conquered them, and deprived them of a barbarous Liberty which they had maintained four Hundred Years. The South part of this Territory is under the King of Denmark, whose Eldest Son is to reside here; and the North part under the Duke of Holsatia, which is separated from the Dukedom of Sleswick by the River Eyder.

Dietz, or VVietz, a small Town in the Principality of Nassaw in Germany upon the River

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Lhone: Fortified with a Castle on each of the two Hills within the Walls.

Digne, Dinia, Dina, Civitas Diniensium, a City in Provence, which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Embrun; it stands upon the River Bleonne, ten Miles from Embrun to the South, and thirty two from Avignon to the North-East. It is a very fine City and particularly esteemed for its hot Baths.

Dijon, Divionum, Divio, the Capital City of the Dukedom of Burgundy, and the Seat of the Parliament, upon the River Ousche; sixteen Leagues from Langres to the South, thirty six from Lion to the North. It is a great and well built City, and has an old Castle and a small Territory belonging to it. Long. 26. 02. Lat. 46. 50. Aurelian the Emperor walled it. The Children of Hugh Capet, who made this the Capital of the Kingdom of Burgundy, much enlarged and beautified it. Under the Dukes of Burgundy it had Counts: And Lewis XI. who got the possession of it, after the Death of the Duke of Burgundy, by the means of the then Prince of Orange, built the Castle to keep the Inhabitants in Subjection. The Reformed Religion, in 1562. beginning to spread here, was extinguished by an Edict; those that imbraced it being disarmed, and some of them banished. Near this City S. Bernard was born. There was a French Council held here in 1075. And another in 1199. under Pope Innocent III. at the Instance of Canutus King of Denmark, in the behalf of his Sister Isemburge, Wife of Philip the August King of France who had divorced her and remarried. Whereupon the whole Kingdom was interdicted by the Pope's Legate in this Council, and continued so seven Months, till King Philip vacated the said Divorce and received the Lady for his Wife again. By a Stone with an old Roman Inscription here found, it appears that this City was in those times called Dibione. The Mayor of it is honoured with the Title of a Viscount.

Dilinghen, Dilinga, a City in the Circle of Schwaben in Germany, upon the Danube, in the Diocese of Auspurgh, seven Miles East of Ʋlm, and the same Distance North-West from Auspurgh. An University here was founded by Cardinal Otto Trucio, Bishop of Auspurgh under Pope Julius III. in 1549. This City and the County belonging to it, were united for ever to the Bishoprick of Auspurg, by Hermanus, the last Count, Bishop of this Diocese, who died about the Year 1260. The Jesuits of Dilinghen gave great Provocations to the Swedish War in Germany, by perswading Ferdinand II. that the Protestants of his times were not the same with those of 1530. tolerated by Charles V. and therefore the Emperor who was then victorious, was not obliged to keep the Peace with them. By which Insinuation, in 1629. they put that Prince on those Actions, which brought on a War that had like to have ended in the Ruin of the House of Austria, the German Liberty, the Empire, and the Roman Catholick Religion there.

Dillemburgh, a Town and County in the Circle of the Rhine in VVesterwalt. The Town stands on the River Dilla, five German Miles from Marpurgh to the West, and eleven from Francfort, upon a Hill; and has a strong Castle, in which the Counts reside. The County is called by the Germans, Das Graffschaft von Dillemburgh; bounded on the East by Hassia, on the North by Westphalia, on the West by the Rhine, and on the South by Solmis. This is under the Dominion of its own Prince, who is of the Family of Nassau. There is in it, besides Dillemburgh, a Town called Herborn, which is an University.

Dimel, Dimola, Dilla, a River of Germany, which divides Hassia from VVestphalia, and falls into the Weser at Helmerstrusen, seven Miles East of Paderborn.

Dimitrado See Demetriade.

Dimotuc, Didymotyches, a City of Thrace, upon the River Hebrus, (which almost surrounds it) about seven Miles from Adrianople to the South: Formerly a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Adrianople, but now an Archbishop's. Bajazet, one of the Turkish Emperors, was born here; who resign'd the Empire and retired hither again.

Dinant, Dinantium, a Town in the Bishoprick of Leige, upon the River Maes, over which it hath a Stone-Bridge that has been ruined often, but now repaired; ten German Miles from Brussels to the North-East. Taken by the French in the Reign of Henry II. in 1554. and almost ruined and its Cittadel demolished. But all very well rebuilt again, and its Cittadel is now standing upon a steep Rock. There is another Town of the same Name in the Dutchy of Britain in France upon the River Rance, five Miles South of S. Malo, which was heretofore a strong Place; and gave the Title of Earl to the younger Sons of the Dukes of Brittany.

Dingle, Dinglae, a small Town, and a convenient Port, in the County of Kerry, in the Province of Mounster in the South-West Part of Ireland; which stands upon a large Bay of the same Name, seventy English Miles West of Cork. § There is a Marsh in the County of Suffolk of the same Name, which signifies, salt Water washes, as Mr. Camden seems to intimate.

Dingolving, or Dingelfing, Dingolvinga, a small Town in the Dukedom of Bavaria; where there was a Council held in 772.

Dinkesipiel, Dinchespila, a small Imperial City, in the Borders of Franconia, upon the River Warnaw; twelve Miles from Ʋlm to the North-East, and ten from Nuremberg to the South-West. It belongs to the Circle of Schwaben; and has been often taken by the Swedes and French in the Wars of Germany.

Dionysia, a figurative Name of the Island Naxia in the Archipelago; given it by the Ancients in Allusion to Dionysius (or Bacchus) upon the Account of its abounding with excellent Wines.

Dionysiopolis; divers antient Cities occur under this Name. One in Bulgaria; see Varna. One upon the River Indus in Asia, in the Country where stood the Pillars called Dionysii Columnae: This the Ancients report to have been built by Dionysius (or Bacchus;) being the same with the Nagara, Nysse, or Nerus of the modern Geographers. One in Phrygia, mentioned by Pliny. And another in Africa, by Stephanus.

Dioscoros, Dioscori, or Dioscoride, an Island of Magna Graecia, in the Calabrian Ocean, over against Capo delle Colonne, at a few Leagues distance. § Another of Africa. See Zocotera.

Diospolis, an ancient City in the Thebais in the Kingdom of Aegypt; surnamed Hecatompylos from its having an hundred Gates, or rather so many Princely Palaces in it, when the Kings of Aegypt, called Diospolites after its Name, made this place their Residence and Capital of their Kingdom. § Also an ancient City of the Holy Land, which was made a Bishop's See under the Patriarch of Jerusalem: Called otherwise Lydda, Rama, and S. George; and remarked in Ecclesiastical History for a Council assembled at it in 415. against Pelagius, wherein he was acquitted of the Accusations of his Adversaries.

Dirgh, a Lake in the County of Dungal in the Province of Ʋlster in Ireland; out of which the River Leffye springs. In an Island thereof you see the Cave the People call S. Patrick's Purgatory, near the Ruines of a Monastery that was dedicated to

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S. Patrick. The Noise of some subterraneous Winds or Waters heard by the People hath occasioned this conceited Name amongst them.

Disne. See Aisne.

Disse, a Market-Town in the County of Norfolk upon the River Wavenay. The Capital of its Hundred.

Ditmarsen. See Dietmarsh.

Diu, Diou, or Dive, a small Island, with a Fort upon it, in the Mouth of the River Indus, belonging to the Portuguese. It has also a small but very strong City belonging to it, which the Turks, in the Years 1538. and 1548. besieged in vain. This Island is a part of the Kingdom of Guzarate, and lies fifty Leagues from Surata to the West, at the Entrance of the Bay of Cambaya. It hath been in the Hands of the Portuguese ever since 1535.

Divan Du Rou, Insulae Divandurae, a Knot of five or six small Islands in the Archipelago de Maldivas in the East-Indies, under the King of Cananor. About twenty seven Leagues distant from the Island of Malicut. They are reputed extreamly healthful.

Dive, in Latin Diva, and Deva, a River in Normandy, which riseth near the Town of Dive; and running North-West, takes in the Ante at Morteaux, the Leison and Vie at Hervetot; the Mauch, the Beverrone, and some others; and falls into the British Sea below Cabour, five Miles and a half West of Honfleure. § There is a River in the Province of Poictou of this Name which takes its Rise at the Town Grimaudiere, receives the Gron at Moncontour, and continuing its Course to Londun takes in the Matrevil and the Briaude; till below S. Just it self is received by the Thouay, which soon after falls into the Loyre.

Divertigi, Selucia ad Belum, a City of Asia, which was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Apamea; lying in Syria, thirty Miles from Antioch to the East. It may be supposed to be now ruined; being hardly to be found in the later Maps.

Divice, a famous Fountain at Bourdeaux.

Diul, Indus.

Dixmuyde, or Dixmude, Dixmuda, a very strong Town in Flanders, in the Possession of the Spaniards; though it has been often taken by the French. This Town stands upon the River Ipre, three Miles from New-Port to the South; and is now a Frontier Town against the French.

Doblin, Dublinum, a City in Curland, upon the River Terwa, in the Confines of Samogitia, six German Miles from Mittaw to the West, and fourteen from VVomic, or Mednici, to the East. Under the Duke of Curland.

Dobroncha, Epidaurus, a Maritime City of Dalmatia.

Dobrzin, Dobrinum, Debricinium, Dobriznum, a Town in Poland, which is the Capital of a Palatinate upon the Vistula, between Ploczko to the South, and Wladislaw to the North, a few Leagues above Culm. The Palatinate is usually taken for a part of that of Ploczko, on which it borders to the North, as it does on the Vistula to the West, and Prussia to the North.

Docastelli, Lycastum, a Town of Cappadocia in the Borders of Paphligonia upon the Shoars of the Euxine Sea, near the Bay of Amisenum, between Halis and Iris, (Irio): distant from Amiso to the East thirty six Miles.

Docum, Dockum or Dorkum, Doccumum, Docomium, one of the principal Towns in West-Friesland, four Leagues from Leeuwarden towards the North-West, and five from Groningen; upon a Canal near the Sea.

Dodbrook, a Market Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of Colrudge.

Dodona, an ancient City of the Kingdom of Epirus in Greece, in the Country then called Molossia: famous for the neighbouring Grove of Dodona, in which Jupiter had his Temple and his Oracle, with the Title of Dodonaeus thence. It stood near a River of the same Name that joined it self with the Achelous.

Doesbourg or Doesborck, Doesburgus, Drusiburgus, Arx Drusiana, a strong, rich and populous Town in the Province of Guelderland in the Low-Countreys, upon the Issel, at the Mouth of the old Canal of Drusus, one German Mile from Zutphen. Taken by the French in 1672. It is no very great Town.

Doffrini, the Mountains of Scandinavia.

Doggers bank, the Name of some Sands in the German Ocean.

Doira and Doria, a double River of Piedmont. The Greater, which is called Doria Balta, springeth from the Grecian Alpes in the Borders of Le Vallais; and leaving Aosta, Pont de S. Martino, and Inurea to the East, at the latter it divides; sends one Branch to Vercelli, called the Naulio; then continuing its course, it receiveth from the West the Cuisella, and ends in the Po at Verolengo or S. Giovan, thirty two Miles from Alexandria to the North-West. The Lesser Doria riseth in the Cottian Alpes, from the Mountains called the Genebre in the Dauphinate; and running East, it washeth Susa, Bozolengo and Aviglana; and falls into the Po not above half a Mile beneath Turino.

Dol, Dolum, Neodunum, Tollium, a City in the Lesser Britainy in France, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tours; called by the Ancients NEODƲNƲM: stands in a Marshy Ground, and of no great Circumference; not above two Leagues from the British Sea, and four from S. Maloe's, with a Castle. There was a Council here assembled by Pope Ʋrban II. in 1094. The Bishops of this See have formerly made strong Pretensions to the Metropolitanship of Bretagne.

Dolcigno. See Dulcigno.

Dole, Dola ad Dubim, a City in the Dukedom of Burgundy, strongly fortified, being the Capital of that Dukedom, the Seat of the Parliament, and an University founded in the year 1426. by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy. It stands upon the River Dou (Dubis), nine Miles from Dyon to the East, and from Verdun to the North. This Town was sack'd by Lewis XI. in 1479. Fortified by the Emperor Charles V. in 1530. Besieged by the French without their taking of it in 1636. Taken by the French from the Spaniards in 1668. Retaken in 1674. and by the Treaty of Nimeguen annexed to the Crown of France for ever. The Country about is called the Bailage de Dole, which together with the Town, was then resigned to the French King.

Dollert, a vast Lake or Bay at the Mouth of the River Amasus, between Groningen and Emden; which in 1277. was made by an Inundation of the Sea; in which thirty three Villages were swallowed up, and irrecoverably lost: It is otherwise called the Gulph of Emden. The South part of Groningen suffered not much less by such another raging Overflow from Groningen diep in the year 1686.

Dolomieu, A Village in Dauphine, betwixt Moresel and La Tour du Pin. Much spoken of in France in the year 1680. for a feigned Story of the killing of a Flying Dragon there, and of a Carbuncle in his head of extraordinary value.

Dombes, Tractus Dombensis, a small Territory of France, incompassed on all sides by le Bresse, except on the West, where it is bounded by the River Saone, which parts it from Baujolois. It lies between Mascon to the North, and Lyon to the South;

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and though small, is yet very fruitful; honoured with the Title of a Principality under its own Princes of the House of Bourbon. The Capital of it is Trevoux, four Miles above Lyon to the North. This Principality was given to Lewis II. Duke of Bourbon, by Edward the last Duke of the Race de Baujolois in 1400.

Domburg, a Town of good Antiquity and pleasantly situated in the Isle of Walcheren in Zealand, about two Dutch Miles from Middleburg in the same Island to the West.

Domezopoli, Domitiopolis, once a famous City of Isauria, in the Lesser Asia, and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Seleucia; now a poor Village.

Dominico, one of the Caribby Islands in North America, twenty Leagues in compass; discovered by the Spaniards on a Sunday, and thence so called: Long. 322. 00. Lat. 14. 35. North-West of Barbadoes.

S. Domingo, the principal City in the Island of Hispaniola, built by Bartholomew Columbus in 1494. on the East Bank of the River Ozama; and after in 1502. removed by Nicholas de Obando, then Governor of the Island, to the opposite Shoar. It is situate in a pleasant Country amongst rich Pastures, and has near it a safe and a large Haven; enriched with the Residence of the Governour, the Courts of Justice, an Archbishops See, many Religious Houses, and an Hospital to which belongs a Revenue of twenty thousand Ducats by the year. The Houses are neatly built, most of Stone; the Town is walled, and has a Castle at the West-end of the Peer to defend the Haven. It was much greater before Mexico was taken; but has now not above six hundred Families of Spaniards; the rest, Negroes. Sir Francis Drake in 1586. took it by force, and kept it a Month, burning a great part of the Houses, and forcing the Spaniards to redeem the rest with mony. Long. 305. 40. Lat. 14. 00.

Domitz, Domitium, a strong Town not very large, but well fortified in the Dukedom of Mecklenburgh, on the North side of the Elbe, where it receives the Elde, in the Jurisdiction of the Duke of Swerine: eight Miles above Lavenburgh to the West, and ten from Lunenburgh to the East:

Dommele, a River of Brabant, which riseth near Peer; and running North, passeth by Eyndhoven or Eindoven; then turning to the West, it falls into the River Runne, about half a Mile above Shertogenbosch, through which they both pass into the Maes. I find it by the Maps called De Dormale, but corruptly, as appeareth by L. Guicciardin; and a Town a Mile above Eindoven on this River, called Dommelen.

Domochi, Domonichus, a small Village in Thessalia, once a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Larissa. It lies South-West of Larissa and Volo, and is mentioned in Mr. Morden's Map.

Don, Tanais.

Donato, Isaurus, a River of Calabria Ʋlterior; it falls by Cerenza and Neto into the Mediterranean Sea, between Cotrone and Strongoli, one Mile beneath S. Severina.

Donaw. See Danube.

Donawert, Donaverda, Donavertia, Vertia, a City in Schwaben in Germany upon the Danube, over which it has a Bridge; it lies in the Confines of the Dukedoms of Newburgh and Bavaria, seven German Miles from Auspurgh to the North, and from Ingolstad to the West. This City was in 1420. made a Free Imperial City by Sigismund the Emperour; but in 1607. it lost this Privilege, and is now subject to the Duke of Bavaria.

Doncaster or Dimcaster, a Town in the West-Riding of Yorkshire on the River Done or Dune, called by Antoninus DANƲM: in 759. burnt with Lightning; but being by degrees rebuilt with a fair Church and Castle, and becoming a Town of good Accommodations and Trade, it has had the Honor of giving the Title of an Earl to James, late Duke of Monmouth, and some others. The River Done riseth near Denbye; and running South-East, watereth Sheafield; then turning North-East, goeth by Rotheram, where it takes in from the North another considerable River, called (as I suppose) Dar or Dare: then passing by Doncaster a little more East, it takes in the River Went; and soon after ends in the River Are at Tunbridge; and both the Are and Done enter the Ouse about three Miles further, thirteen Miles beneath York, from which great City, Doncaster stands two and twenty Miles to the South.

Doncheri, a Town in the Territory of Retelois in Champagne, towards the Frontiers of Luxembourg, upon the Meuse; betwixt Charleville and Sedan. It is a fortified Town.

Done, a River. See Doncaster.

Donetz, a vast River which riseth in Dikoia, near Borissagorda; and running Eastward, turns and falls into the Tanais, now called Donon Donitz too, of which I shall give a further account in Tanais. There is another River Donitz, which riseth more East, and falls into the Tanais more to the North, at Gilocha.

Dongo, a Town in Japan.

Donostein, Menlascus, a River of Guipiscoa in Spain, commonly called Rio Orio.

Donoy, Dinia. See Digne.

Donussa, Donysa, a small Island in the Archipelago, remarkable for nothing but the green Marble brought from thence.

Donzy, a Town of the Duchy of Nevers in France, upon a small River near the Cosne. The Capital of the Territory of Donziois.

La Dorat, oratorium, a City of France in La-Marche, fourteen Miles from Poictiers to the South-East, and Limoges to the North, upon the little River Seve.

Dorvie, a River which falls into the Taen, a River of Languedoc in France; which last falls into the Garonne, five Leagues above Agen.

Dorchester, Duronovaria, a City of England, in the County of Dorset, upon the River Frome or Fraw, about five Miles from the Sea, and upon the Via Fossa, a Causey of the Romans; many Pieces of whose Coins have been found here. It is the Capital of that Shire, yet saith Mr. Camben, neither great nor beautiful; but certainly a Roman Town, of great Antiquity, which was ruined both by the Danes and Normans: and once of a large compass, as the Tract of the Walls and Trenches yet shew. Fortified also in former times with a Castle, which upon its decaying was converted into a Monastery, and the Monastery afterwards demolished. In the year 1645. King Charles I. created Henry Lord Pierrepont Marquiss of this Place. At present it gives the Title of Countess to the Lady Catharine Sidley, advanced to that Dignity by King James II. It still sends two Burgesses to Parliament, and is adorned with three Parish Churches. § There is another old Roman Town called Dorchester (Dorcestria) in Oxfordshire, at the meeting of Thame and Isis, nine Miles South of Oxford; where the Bishoprick of Lincoln was at first settled for four hundred and sixty years before it was removed to Lincoln. This last is called by Bede, Civitas Dorcina; by Leland, Hydropolis, i. e. (as the word Dorchester it self also signifieth) the Water-Town; Dor in the Brittish Language, being

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Water. It was yielded to the Earl of Carnarvan, Aug. 2. 1643.

Dordogne, Duranius, Dordonia, one of the principal Rivers of France. It ariseth in the Province of Auvergne from two Fountains (saith Baudrand); one of which is called Dor, the other Done: running Westward, between Limosin to the North and Auvergne to the South, it takes in Chavanoy, Rue, Auze and Serre; then entering Limosin, Quercy and Perigort successively, it meets Vezere and Cozere; watereth Scarlat, Limiel and Bergerac; and so passeth to Libourne, where it receiveth from the North the Lille, which comes from Montignac; and not far from Bourdeaux, it unites with the Garronne; and they send their united Streams to the Bay of Biscay, or Sea of Gascogne, called by the Romans Mare Aquitanicum, at the Tour de Cordovan.

Dordrecht. See Dort.

Dergwyn. See Derwent.

Doria. See Doira.

Doris, an ancient Country of Achaia in Greece, now known by the Name of the Valley of Livadia, as all Achaia is now called Livadia. The Cities Lilaea, Erineus, &c. in those times stood in it. It was particularly famous for one of the four Dialects of the Greek Tongue, called the Dorick after its own Name; in which Archimedes, Theocritus and Pindar write; and which was in use in the several Countrys and Kingdoms of Lacedaemonia, Argos, Epirus, Lydia, Sicily, Rhodes and Crete. § There was another Doris in Caria in the Lesser Asia, which received its Name from this.

Dorisques, Drosica, Doriscum, a Tract in the Province of Romania (or Thrace) in Greece, mentioned in ancient History to be the place in which Xerxes numbered his vast Army in the Gross, by the quantity of the Ground they stood upon.

Dormans, a Town in Champagne in France upon the River Marne, betwixt Epernay and Chateau-Tierry; giving Name to an ancient Family of that Province.

Dorn. See Tornaw.

Dornick. See Tournay.

Dornock, Dorno, Durnodunum, a Town in Sutherland, on the East of Scotland, North of the Fyrth of Murray, and Terbat-Ness. The head City of this County, and the common Residence of the Bishop of Cathnesse, who is under the Archbishop of S. Andrews: it has also a large and a safe Haven, upon a Gulph called the Fyrth of Dornock. Long. 15. 10. Lat. 58. 10.

Doro, Oboca, a River in Ireland. It takes its Origine in the County of Dublin, and passing thence through that of Catherlogh, receives into its Bed some small Rivers, with which it falls into the Irish Sea near the Port of Arcklow.

Dorsetshire, Durotriges, is bounded on the North with Somersetshire and Wiltshire; on the West with Devonshire, and some part of Somersetshire; on the East, with Hamp•shire; and on the South, which is the longest side, by the British Sea: generally fruitful; the North parts full of Woods; from whence it descends by fruitful Hills and pleasant Meadows, intermixed one with another, to the very Shoars of the Ocean. The principal City in it is Dorchester. The principal Rivers, the Stower and the Frome. The Honourable Charles Sackvill is the Sixth of this Family, that has born the Title of Earl of Dorset: he succeeded his Father in 1667. The Beauforts and the Greys had enjoyed the Title of Marquesses of Dorset before. The last of which was Henry Grey Duke of Suffolk, beheaded in 1553.

Dorsten, Dorsta, a City of Westphalia in Germany, upon the River Lype, which falls into the Wesel at Ducat: this City is under the Elector of Cologne, well fortified; but yet it has of late been often taken and retaken. It stands ten Miles from Cologne to the North, and a little less from Munster to the South-West.

Dort, Dordracum, sometime called Dordrecht, is the principal Town in the County or Earldom of Holland; seated at the Mouth of the Maes in South-Holland, seven Leagues from Leyden to the South, five from Breda to the North, and three from Rotterdam to the South-East. This was the Seat of the Counts of Holland in ancient times, and then of great consideration. In 1421. by a violent Inundation of the Sea, the Vahal, and the Maes, (in which sixty two good Towns were irrecoverably lost) this City, which was before a Continent, was turned into an Island. There perished then one hundred thousand persons, Con tuti li loro beni, with all their Wealth and Goods: and only some little part of the Land, has been since recovered. The City is great, beautiful, rich, potent, and has many gentile Buildings, both publick and private; but the great Church which is dedicated to the Virgin Mary, and was founded in 1363. is exceedingly magnificent. In ancient times it was the Staple of the Rhinish Wines; and of the Corn that came from Guelderland, Cleves and Juliers, which contributed much to the Wealth and Populousness of it; thus far Guicciardin. Also famous for the Synod here holden against the Remonstrants or Arminians in 1618. and 1619. When Philip II. King of Spain made his Royal Entry in 1549. they thus expressed the site and glory of this Place;<blockquote>Me Mosa & Ʋvalis cum Linga Merua{que} cingunt, Aeternam Batavae Virginis ecce Fidem.</blockquote>by which is shewn, that she stands upon four Rivers (the Meuse, the Merwe, the Rhine and the Linghe) and was never taken by any Enemy.
Dortmund, Termonia, Dormania, a City in the Circle of Westphalia in the County of Mark, or Markischlandt, upon the River Emser; five German Miles from Dorsten to the South-East, and seven from Munster to the South-West. This City is small, but rich and populous, a Free and Imperial City, one of the Hanse-Towns, notwithstanding the Pretences of the Duke of Brandenburgh, who is Master of the Mark, in which it stands. There was a Council celebrated here in the year 1005. by the order of the Emperour St. Henry.

Dotecom, a small Town in the Dutchy of Guelderland in the Low-Countrys, two Miles from Doesborck, upon the Issel. It surrendred to the French in 1672. being a place of no Strength.

Dou, Doux, Dubis, and Alduadubis, a River of France: it ariseth in Switzerland, from the Mountain of Jura, near Mortay in the Franche County; and running North-East, it watereth Franchimon and Montbeliart; where it turns and runs South-West by Lisle, Clerval, Besanzon and Dole; beneath which it receiveth the Louve, a considerable River from the South; and at Verdun it ends in the Saone, Araris. It is called in the Maps Le Doule.

Douay, Duacum, a City of Flanders, upon the River Scarpe, which falls into the Schelde, about one Mile lower; in the Borders of Artois and Flanders, five Leagues from Cambray to the South-West, four from Arras to the North. At first only a Castle; which being almost ruined, Amatus a Bishop repaired it in 665. But now a great and a fortified City, and has a fine Magazin well furnished. In 1572. Philip II. King of Spain made it an University; and opened those Colleges for the English Roman Catholicks, which have rendered it more known to this Nation, than any other thing. Taken by the King of

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France in 1667. and by the Treaty of Aquisgrane confirmed to him, so that it is still in his Possession.

Doue, Dovaeum, Duaeum, a Town in the Dukedom of Anjou in France, beyond the Loyre, upon the River Layon, four Leagues from Saumur to the South-West, and seven from Angers to the South-East. Though this is now a small Village, yet it deserves to be taken notice of for an Amphitheatre built here in the times of the Roman Empire, which is still standing, and almost perfect: it contains only sixteen hundred Foot in Compass, and yet is so contrived, that above fifteen thousand persons might see their Exercises without incommoding each other: there are here also Vaults and Sewers built under the Earth, and Arched with wonderful Art and Expence. § Dove, a River in Staffordshire, upon which Tudbury stands.

Dover, Dorovernum, Darvernum, DƲBRIS, is a very ancient strong Town, seated in the middle of the Eastern part or Shoar of Kent, upon high Cliffs; twelve Miles from Canterbury to the South-East, and fifty five from London, and seven Leagues distant by Sea from Calais in France. That part of the Town next the Sea had anciently a Wall, some of which is still standing. On the top of a rugged high Cliff or Rock, is a stately and very strong Castle, which may be supposed to have been built by the Romans: however this place was certainly a Station of theirs, and has ever since been reputed one of the Keys of England, at all times carefully guarded: besides it is one of the Cinque-Ports, and in times past was to set out to the Wars one and twenty Ships. Therefore Philip King of France said, that Lewis his Son (when called in hither against King John by the Barons) had not one foot of Land in England, if he were not Master of Dover-Castle. It had formerly seven Parish Churches, now two; and it is now (as heretofore) most frequented upon the account of its being the shortest passage into France. The Honorable Henry Lord Jarmin was created Baron of Dover in the first year of King James II. But before in Anno 1627. Henry Carey, Viscount Rochford and Baron Hunsden, enjoyed the Title from King Charles I. of Earl of Dover.

Dour or Adour, Aturus, a River of Aquitaine, the Southern part of France, or rather three Rivers called by the same Name: the principal of these riseth in Bigorre, out of the Pyrenean Hills, near Baretge; and running North, watereth Tarbe; then turning Westward, it passeth on the North of Aire, St. Sever, and Dax or Acqs; so falleth into the Bay of Biscay at Bayonne, having entertained Gaue de Oleron, Gaue de Pau, and several other Rivers. The Outlet was anciently at le Bocau, six Leagues beneath Bayonne; but by the Industry of Lewis de Foix, an excellent Ingineer and Architect of France, in 1579. its course was altered, as Thuanus saith. The same Gentleman was the Contriver of the Palace in Spain, and the Light-House at the Mouth of the Garronne, called Tour de Cordovan.

Dourdan a small Town in the District of Hurepois in the Isle of France, upon the River Orge, towards the Frontiers of la Beauce, thirteen Leagues from Paris, and two or three from Estampes. The Huguenots took and almost ruined it in the years 1562, 1567. It had been often mortgaged, sold, and remitted from one to another, before Lewis XIII. redeemed and reunited it to the Crown in 1610.

Dourlens, Doulendium, a Town in Picardy in France, very strongly fortified; on the Borders of Artois, upon the River Asselane, which falls into the British Sea between Crotoy and Estaple; six Leagues from Amiens to the North, and seven from Arras to the South. This Town did heretofore belong to the Earls of Pontieu, and became united to the Crown of France in 1559.

Doustre, Dostra, a River of France in the Vicomte de Turene, in Limosin.

Le Doux. See Dou.

Douzi, Duziacum, Duodeciacum, a Castle in the Diocese of Rheims in France, upon the River Cher, betwixt Ivoy and Sedan. Remarkable for two Councils celebrated at it in the years 871. 874. The first of which deposed and imprisoned Hin•mar Bishop of Laon (for adhering to the Papal Interest contrary to the Usage and Liberties of the Gallican Church), who some time after had his Eys put out.

Dowglass, a Castle in Cuysdale, in the middle of the Southern part of Scotland, which takes its Name from the River Dowglass, as doth also the Dale or Valley in which it stands. This Castle is seated about six Scotch Miles West of Lanrick, where Dowglass River unites with the Cluyd; fifteen from Glasguo to the South, and thirty five from Edinburgh to the South-West. It is only memorable for its Earls sometimes so very powerful, they were a terror to the Kings of Scotland themselves; there being at one time six Earls of this Family; that is, Dowglas, Angus, Ormond, Wigton, Murray and Morton, as Mr. Cambden reckons them. § There is a Castle of this Name in the Isle of Man.

Down, Dunum, a City and Bishoprick in the Province of Ʋlster in Ireland, the Bishop of which is under the Archbishop of Armagh. The Bishoprick of Connor has been united to it ever since 1442. The City stands upon the Irish Sea, upon a Peninsula made by the Sea and the Lake of Cone, which affords it an excellent Haven, twenty Miles from Dormore to the East, thirty two from Carrick fergus to the South. The County of Down is bounded on the East by the Irish Sea; on the North by the County of Antrim, and the Lake of Neaugh; on the West by Armagh; and on the South by the County of Louth, from which it is severed by the River Newry. This County, saith Mr. Cambden, is generally very fruitful, where it is not overspread with Woods, and has several safe Harbors upon the Seas Down is one of the most ancient Towns in Ireland; made more famous by keeping the Bones of S. Patrick, S. Bridget and S. Columbus, than by the mention which Ptolomy has made of it, by the Name of Dunum; though not in its right place.

Downham, a Market Town in the County of Norfolk, in the Hundred of Clackcloss, upon the River Ouse, over which it hath a Bridge.

Downton or Duncton, a Market Town in Wiltshire; the Capital of its Hundred, situated upon the Salisbury Avon. It returns two Burgesses to the Parliament.

Drac, Dracus, a River in the Dauphinate in France, which riseth about four Leagues North of Embrun; and running Northward falls into the Isere at Grenoble; bringing with it another small River which comes from La Grace, and falls into the Drac at Viville, four Miles South of Grenoble.

Draco or Drago, Acragas or Agragas, a River of Sicily; called Biagio, di Gergenti, di Naro also; and falls into the African Sea, three Miles beneath Gergentum to the East, thirty five West of Terra Nova.

Dragone, Draco, a small River in Campagnia in Italy, which riseth in Mount Vesuvius; and washing the City of Nocera, falleth into Sarno, a River which divideth the Principatus Citerior, from the Terra di Lavoro; and endeth in the Bay of Naples, eleven Miles South of Naples.

Dragonara, once a Bishops See, now a small Village, 7 Miles from S. Severina in Naples, to the West.

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Dracone. See Orontes.

Dragonera, Colubraria, or Moncolibre, a small desert Rock or Island between Majorca and Valentia, which has its Names from the Snakes and Serpents that only inhabit it.

Draguignan, Draguinianum, Dracenae, one of the best situated Towns in Provence in France, in the Diocese of Frejus; adorned with a Collegiate Church, and divers Religious Houses. Its Arms are observable; being a Dragon with this Motto, Alios nutrio, meos devoro.

Drangiana regio, an ancient Province of the Kingdom of Persia, in the most Eastern part thereof, now called Sigistan or Sitsistan. Its principal Cities were Ariaspe and Propthasia.

Dravaniza. See the Vistula.

The Drave or Dravus, called by the Germans Draw and Trave, by the Hungarians Trab, has its Rise from the Alps in Tyrol: and running Eastward through Carinthia and Stiria, entereth Hungaria at Serinwar, where it receiveth the Muer out of Stiria, and another from the Lake of Balatan in Hungary; so dividing the Lower Hungary from Sclavonia, it passeth to the Bridge of Esseck; where a little lower it falleth into the Danube by two Mouths. Dr. Brown saith, it ariseth in Saltzburglant, and falls into the Danube near Erdoed, the old Tentobrigum, after it hath passed from its Head, about three hundred Miles. About its entrance into Hungary, it receiveth the Mur, and far above this I found it a considerable River, having passed it between Clagenfort and Mount Leubell in Carinthia by two long Wooden Bridges, and an Island in the middle between them

Dravenna. See Trave.

Draun, Drachonis, Duras, a River and Town of Austria; the River falls into the Danube from the South a little beneath Lintz, twenty six Miles West of Vienna; and brings with it several other smaller Rivers.

Draunsee, a Lake out of which this River riseth.

Drausen, a Lake in Prussia in Poland, near Elbing and Dantzick, made by the Vistula.

Draw. See the Drave.

Drayton, a Market Town in the County of Salop in the Hundred of North Bradford upon the River Terne, where it divides this County from Staffordshire. The Houses of York and Lancaster fought a Battel here.

Drazzi. See Durazzo.

Drente, Drentia, one of the three parts of Over-Yssel, a Province of the Ʋnited States of Holland, lying Northward, and almost all covered with Marshes: the chief Town of which is Coevorden or Coeworden. The French possessed themselves of this Territory in 1672. and two years after abandoned it to the Hollanders.

Dresden or Dresen, Dresda, the principal Town of Misnia in the Ʋpper Saxony, seated on both sides of the Elbe, five Miles from the Borders of Bohemia, and three above Meissen. This City being in a pleasant and delightful place, was in 800. fortified with Walls and Dikes against the Bohemians by Charles the Great. The succeeding Princes have not been less careful of it. So that it is for the strength and magnificence of the Buildings, the best Town in Misnia. The Elbe is here covered with a wonderful Bridge of Stone. The Electors of Saxony have also made this City the place of their Residence, and built here a strong Castle, and a noble Magazine.

Dreux, Drocum, Durocasses, Druidensis Pagus, a Town in the Territory of Blasois in Normandy upon the River Blaise, sixteen Miles from Paris to the West. It is seated at the foot of an Hill; a very ancient City and Earldom, having an old decaying Castle. Here in 1562. was a sharp Fight between the Hugonots and the Roman Catholicks, in which the Prince of Conde was taken, and nine thousand men of both sides slain. In 1593. Henry le Grand besieged and took this Town in eighteen days. The ancient Druides are supposed to have dwelt in it.

Drillae, an ancient people of Cappadocia in the Lesser Asia, towards the Euxine Sea, betwixt Trebisonda and Cerasus in Xenophon's relation, or Colchos in Arian's. They had the reputation of good Soldiers.

Drillo, Achates, a River of Sicily; it falls into the African Sea, six Miles East of Terra Nova; and has a Town upon it, called by the same Name.

Drinawar. See Drino.

Drino, a River of Servia, which riseth from the Mountains, that part Servia from Albania; and running Northward from Novomont by Prisen, a little above Drinawahr, (Drinopolis a Town seated in an Island made by this River) it receiveth the Lim, and passeth into the Save, five German Miles above Al•, the old Sirmium. § Drino Bianco, the White Drin, is a River of Albania, which ariseth from the same Mountains with the former, but more East, near Scopia or Ʋschup in Servia; and running Westward, takes in Drino Niero, the Black Drin, which ariseth from two Lakes in Albania; being thus united with the former, and two others from the North, they pass Alessio, and fall into the Bay of Drin (Sinus Drinolius) over against Manfredona in Italy.

Drista, Silistria, the principal City in Bulgaria.

Drivasto, Triastum, Drivastum, an Episcopal City of Albania, upon the Lake of Scutari, under the Turk. This See was a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Antivari.

Droan or Dron, Drahonas, a River in the Bishoprick of Treves.

Drobafaf, Chromium, the Scythian or Frozen Sea, North-East of Russia, and Nova Zemla.

Drogheda, a City in the County of Louth, in the Province of Leinster in Ireland, called by the Irish Drogadagh and Treda; upon the River Boyne, twenty two Miles North of Dublin. It has an excellent and safe Haven: in Mr. Cambden's time well peopled, and much frequented. This Town falling into the hands of the Duke of Ormond in 1649. and stormed soon after by Oliver Cromwell September 11. of the same year; he put all the Garrison (which was about four thousand) to the Sword; and as to the Inhabitants, spared neither Sex, Age, Poor or Rich, but intirely ruined all before him; not regarding the good Service this City had done in the beginning of the War, by preserving the Reliques of the English Nation from the cruelty and rage of the Rebellious Irish. Sir Arthur Aston, the Governour, perished with the Garrison. It being the first place the Tyrant took in Ireland, this cruelty was intended to strike a terror into the others, that he might with the greater facility reduce the Kingdom under his Dominion; and accordingly he had incredible success in all his future attempts. It surrendred to King William in two days after the Fight at the Boyne.

Droinholm, a Royal House of Pleasure of the Kings of Sweden, one League from Stockholm.

Droitwich, a Borough Town in Worcestershire in the Hundred of Halfshire, upon the Banks of the Salwarp. It returns two Members to the House of Commons, and is a noted place for its Salt-pits.

La Drome, Druna, Druma, a River which ariseth in the Confines of Gapencois in Dauphine in France, and having watered Die and Crest, falls into the Rhosne, three Leagues below Valence.

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Dronfield, a Market Town in Derbyshire in the hundred of Scarsdale.

Drontheim, or Druntheim, Nidrosia, called also Trondhem, was heretofore the Capital of the Kingdom of Norway; made an Archbishops See, and a Metropolis by Pope Eugenius III. It stands on the Western Shoars of Norway, seventy five German Miles from Bergen to the North, and one hundred and ten from Stock-Holm to the North-West, in Long. 28. 02. Lat. 64. 10. Its Latin name comes from the River Nider, upon which it stands. This City is now a very great Mart, and has a large and a safe Harbour, yet lies open without any Fortifications, being in this, more like a great Village than a City: Heretofore much greater; the many fires which have happened in it have lessened it; and besides the Church of S. Olao, which was once the most beautiful Church in all the North, is now buried in its Ashes: it has also a Castle, taken by the Swedes and granted them by a Treaty in 1658. but in 1660. the Danes again recovered it. The Country about, is called the Government or Prefecture of Drontheim; granted to the Swedes with the City, but since recovered with it too. This is the largest Prefecture in Norway, reaching from North to South five hundred Miles, and from West to East one hundred.

Droses, Jernus, a River of Conaught, in the County of Clare, which falls into the Bay of Shannon at Dinghanbeg, Dinga, East of Clare two Miles.

Le Drot, Drotius, a River in Aquitaine in France, which ariseth at Montpasier, ten Miles North-West of Cahors; and running West falls into the Garrone, over against Bazas, nine Miles East of Bourdeaux.

Druidae, Druides, the Priests of the antient Gauls, compared by Laertius with the Magi, Gymnosophistae, and Philosophers, of Persia, India and Greece, for their pretensions to Learning and Piety and Authority over the people: of whose Superstitions they were the Authors, as of their affairs, publick or private, the Arbitrators. The Eugabes of Ammianus Marcellinus, the Saronides of Di•d. Siculus, and the Semnotheoi of others, were several Orders of these Priests, according as they applyed themselves either to the services of the Altar, or to the Contemplation of the Works of Nature. In the former, they made Sacrifices of Men, till the Emperors Angustus, Tiberius and Claudius, by repeated Interdicts at last broke them of that barbarity. Their other they delivered to the publick in thousands of Verses unwritten, only committed to Memory, and passing the course of Ages by Tradition. Their name of Druides some derive from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, because of a particular esteem they had for an Oak. Some from Deru in the Celtick Language, of the same signification. They had a Chief Priest over them, in the nature of a Soveraign Pontiff. And we read, the Gauls were so possessed by them with the belief of the immortality of the soul, that they would lend mony in this world upon condition to be paid in the next. Valer. Max. The Town Dreux in Normandy is supposed to be so called from these Druides.

Drummore, Drummoria, a City in the County of Lowth in the Province of Ʋlster in Ireland, upon the River Lagang; with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Armagh.

Druses, Druzes, Drusi, a people living in Grots and Caverns about the Mountain Libanus in Asia, and onwards, as far as to the Dead Sea: following in Religion the Institutions of one Isman or Ismael, a Prophet pretended, which allow them to marry with their own Children, or Sisters, or Brothers, and to live in perfect liberty from all such like precepts and ties, as are in use amongst the Jews, Christians; and Mahometans. They Traffick with the French Merchants for Silks: and say, they are descended from the French that went to the Conquest of the Holy Land with Godfrey of Bouillon; being after the loss of Jerusalem in 1187. forced for safety to retire hither, under the command of one of the House of Dreux.

Drut, Dara, a River of Carmania in Persia. It falls into the Persian Gulph over against the City of Ormus, having passed between Fafa and Chabon.

Duare, a strong Fortress of Dalmatia, upon a Hill, not far from Almissa. Taken from the Turks by the Venetians in 1646. and soon after lost again. In 1652. retaken and demolished. Whereupon the Turks, to hinder the Incursions of the Morlaques out of Croatia, rebuilt it: yet in 1684. the Morlaques forced it and there is now a Venetian Garrison in it.

Dublin, Dublinum; in Irish, Balacleigh, the Capital City of the Kingdom of Ireland in the Province of Leinster, in a County of the same Name, upon the River Leffy, which is the noblest River in all this Kingdom, and maketh a Capacious Haven here, at about twenty Leagues distance from Holyhead in Wales. This City is called EBLANA by Ptolemy. When or by whom it was first built, is not known; but old it must needs be, by its being mentioned by him. Saxo Grammaticus acquaints us, how much it suffered by the Danes; it was afterwards under Edgar King of England, and Harald Harfager King of Norway. In the year 1151. P. Eugenius III. made it an Archbishops See, with the Title and Jurisdiction of a Primacy. Henry II. having Conquered Ireland, sent hither from Bristol a Colony: whereby it began to Flourish more and more, and became the Capital of the Kingdom, the Seat of the Lieutenant, the Courts of Justice, and their Parliaments: strengthened with a Castle on the East side, built by Henry Loundres a Bishop in 1220. and near it there was a Royal Palace built by Henry II. King of England. It has a College for Students, which is an University of it self, founded by Q. Elizabeth in in 1591. This was attempted before by Alexander Bicknor Archbishop of Dublin, who in 1320. obtained from the Pope a Bull for it; but the troublesome times that followed, defeated that good design then; at the North Gate is a Bridge of hewen Stone, built by King John. It has a Cathedral of great antiquity, Dedicated to S. Patrick, the Apostle of the Irish Nation, and built at several times; in which are a Dean, two Archdeacons, and twenty two Prebendaries: there is another fair Collegiate Church in the City, called Christs Church, built in 1012. and about thirteen Parochial ones. In more ancient times this City was Governed by a Provost; but in 1409. Henry IV. granted them License to choose every year a Mayor, and two Bailiffs, changed into Sheriffs by Edward IV. thus far Cambden. King Charles II. honored them with a Lord Mayor. This City escaping the fury of the Massacre, was besieged by the Parliament Forces; and by the Duke of Ormond, by the Kings Order, delivered to the English, rather than the Irish Rebels; for they were now united against their King: and when afterwards June 21. 1649. he indeavoured to recover it, his Army was broken by a Sally, and totally defeated; and this City continued in their Hands till 1660. It has been extraordinarily enlarged in its Buildings in the twenty years last past.

The County of Dublin is bounded on the East by the Irish Sea; on the West with the County of Kildare; on the South by the little Territories of O▪ Tooles, and O. Brians; on the North by the County

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of Meath, and a small River called Nanny. The Soil is fruitful, as to every thing but Wood; so that they use Sea-Coal, and Turf for their Fewel. It is well Inhabited, Rich, full of excellent Sea-Port Towns.

Ducey, a Town of Normandy upon the River Ardee, in the Diocese of Auranches.

Ducy, a Town of Normandy betwixt Caen and S. Lo, in the Diocese of Bayeux.

Duderstad, Duderstadium, a Town in the Dukedom of Brunswick, upon the River Wipper, eight Miles from Cassel to the North-East. This Town, though in the Duchy of Thuringia, has belonged to the Elector of Mentz ever since 1365; and is the Capital of the Territory of Eichfeld.

Dudley, a Market Town in Worcestershire, in the hundred of Halfshire.

Duero, or Douro, Durius, Doria, a River of Spain, called Douro by the Portuguese: one of the greatest Rivers in that Kingdom, most frequently mentioned by ancient Greek and Latin Writers. The Head of it is in Old Castile, from Mount Idubeda, about five Miles South of Tarragona; running South, it watereth Soria, and Almasun; there bending West, it passeth by Osina, Aranda de Duero, and Rosa; beneath which last it takes in Duratonio, or Stranda de Duero, and Piznerga from the North; which with several others fall into the Duero, two Miles beneath Valladolid; then passing by Toro and Camora, and taking in, from the North, Esla, (which brings the Orbego), so to Miranda de Duero, it entertains Tormes from Salamanca; soon after which it entereth Portugal, a little above Olivenca to the South, and Eluas to the North; where the Rivers that fall into it on both sides, are so small, and many, that it is not worth the mentioning them: turning Westward, this great River passeth by Lemego on the South, to Porta on the North, where he pays his last Tribute to the Atlantick Ocean; and after a Course of ninety Leagues from his rise, as his last benefit, he forms a large, deep, and safe Harbour at Porta. Silius Italicus mentions it in the number of the Golden sanded Rivers.

Duerstede, Batavodurum, Durostadium, a Town in Guelderland, upon the Rhine commonly called VVyck; three German Miles from Ʋtrecht to the South East. It belongs now to the Province of Ʋtrecht, and is a part of the Dominions of the United Provinces.

Duesme, a Town in the Dukedom of Burgundy in France, upon the River Seine. It gives Name to the Territory of Duesmois, lying towards the Source of the same River.

Duisbourgh, Duisburgum, Duysburgh, is a small City in the Dukedom of Cleves; upon the River Roer, which a little lower falls into the Rhine; eight Miles from Cologne North, and three from VVesel South. There was a Council held here in 927. Heretofore an Imperial Free City; but now under the Dominion of the Elector of Brandenburgh, who Octob. 14. 1655. opened here an University. Gerardus Mercator the great Geographer of his time died here in 1594.

Dulcigno, Dolcigno, Olchinum, Olcinum, Ʋlcinum, a City of Albania, which is a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Antivari; with a safe Port on the Venetian Gulph, between Budoa to the North, and Lodrin to the South; twenty four French Miles from Scutari to the West. This City is under the Dominion of the Turks, and reduced to a mean Condition.

Dulcinde, a Part of Carmania Deserta, upon the Entrance of the Persian Gulph; one hundred twenty five German Miles South of Ormus. There is a City, River, and Province of this Name.

Dulverton, a Market-Town in Somersetshire in the Hundred of VVilliton, upon the River Ex.

Dummer-Zee, Dummeria, a great Lake in Germany, between Mounster to the West, Osnaburgh to the South, and Diepholt to the North. The River Hunt runs through it, which falls into the VVesel a little below Bremen.

Dun, or Done, a River of Yorkshire. See Doncaster. § A Town also in the Dukedom of Barrois in Lorrain in France, near the Meuse, betwixt Stenay and Damvilliers. § Another in the Province of la Marche.

Duna. See Dwina.

Dunawert. See Donawert.

Dunbar, Dumbarum, or the Castle of Bar, is a Town in the County of Lothain in Scotland, upon the Eastern Shoars; twenty Scotch Miles North of Berwick, and the same distance East of Edinburgh. Heretofore it had a Castle on a Hill; as it has still a Haven to the Sea. But this Town is chiefly memorable for a Defeat given to the Covenanters of Scotland, by Oliver Cromwel, Septemb. 23. 1650. when an End was put to that Perjurious, Rebellious, Bloody Faction, who here began the Payment of that Debt they owed to the Divine Justice, for having sold the best and most Holy of all Princes, (Charles the Martyr,) to the English Rebels. For from that Day, Presbytery has been in Bondage, and truckled under the Weight of that horrid Crime; and may she never more lift up her Head to embroil Kingdoms, and persecute the Church.

Dunblane, Dumblanum, a City of Scotland, in the County of Menteith, which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of S. Andrews. It stands on the River Teith, which a little beneath this and Sterling, falls into the Fyrth of Edinburgh; six Miles North of Sterling, and thirty six West of Edinburgh.

Dunbritoun, Britannodunum, Castrum Britonum, a Town in the County of Lenox in Scotland, upon a Fyrth or Bay of the same Name, with a strong Castle; where the River Levin falls into the Fyrth; eight Miles from Glasco to the North-West: Also called Dunbarton; because the Britans held it the longest of any Town in Scotland, against the Picts and Scots. The strongest of all the Castles in Scotland, by Nature; being built on a high, craggy, double-headed Rock, both fortified; and between these two it hath only one Passage on the North, hardly passable without Labour and difficulty by a single Person: on the West of it lies the Levin, on the South the Cluyd, on the East a boggy Marsh, which at every Tide is covered with Water. The Britans made this good against the Scots, till in the Year 756. Eadbert King of Northumberland, and Oeng King of the Picts, forced it to surrender on a Composition. But it was taken on easier Terms, Jan. 5. 1651. by the English Rebels; Sir Charles Erskin surrendering it to them.

Dunbritoun Fyrth, a great Bay in the South-West part of Scotland, upon the Irish Seas, so called from this Castle: it begins at Dunskay, and on the South has Galloway, Carrick, Kile, and Cunningham; on the North Menteith, Lenox, Argile, Kilmore, and Cantry: (besides several smaller,) it has in it the Island of Arran: many of the biggest Rivers of Scotland fall into it; just against it to the West, it has the North-East parts of Ireland, at a small distance; which are extream fruitful, and peopled by Scots for the most part: there are many safe Havens, and populous Towns upon it; and lastly it lies convenient for Trade with the Western Plantations, and all the Southern World.

Dundalk, Dunkeranum, a small City in the Province of Ʋlster, in Ireland, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Armagh, twenty six Miles from Armagh to the East, in the County of Louth, and sixteen North from Drogheda; surprised by the Rebels in 1641. Retaken the same year by Sir Henry Tichburn by Storm, (after their Forces had been beaten off from the Siege of Drogheda, upon Sir Simon Harcourts arrival with supplies of Men and Mony) but in 1649. they got it again. The Duke of Schomberg continued with his Army here from Sept. 12. 1689, to Novemb. 8. that he retired into Winter Quarters. There was a Battel in the mean time presented by King James II; but that General thought not fit to accept it. For he strengthned himself in his Trenches, the more his Army was weakned by the Mortality; which in many Circumstances appeared so strange, as not to find in History its parallel; since an Angel destroyed so many thousand in the Camp of Sennacherib.

Dundee, or Dundy, Alectum, Deidonium Allectum, a City in the North of Scotland, in the County of Angus, upon the North side of the Fyrth of Tay, which is a frequented Harbour, and of great safety, ten Miles North of S. Andrews. This is a very strong Town; and in 1651. when almost all Scotland had yielded after the defeat of Dunbar, presumed still to hold out: General Monk, afterwards Duke of Albemarle, coming up and summoning it, upon their refusal to yield, took it by Storm September 1. of that year, though there were in it eight hundred Soldiers, besides Inhabitants: He put all in Arms to the Sword; and Plundred the Town of its Wealth; which amounted in Silver, Gold, and rich Goods, to a vast summ of mony; being then the richest Town in Scotland, and made yet richer by the Neighbourhood, who sent what ever they had that was valuable thither, as to a place of security. Sixty Sail of Ships, which lay then in the Harbour, yielded too: after which Aberdeen, and S. Andrews, which only remained to the Covenanters, yielded upon the first Summons.

Dunfermeling, Dunfirmeling, is a Town on the North Shoar of the Fyrth of Edinb•row, seventeen Miles from it to the North-West. Once a famous Monastery, the building and the burial place of Malcolm, King of the Scots; afterwards advanced to an Earldom in the behalf of Sir Alexander Seton, who being a wise and a great Statesman, was raised by K. James I. from Baron of Tiv•, to be Earl of Dunfermeling, and Lord Chancellor of Scotland. But much more famous for the birth of Charles I. (the blessed Martyr for the English Church and Nation) who was born here November 19. 1600.

Dunfreis, Dunfreia, a Town in the County of Nithesdale in the South of Scotland, upon the River Nith or Nid, near Solway Fyrth.

Dungall, dungalia, a Sea-Port-Town and Castle, and a County in the North-West part of Ireland, in the Province of Ʋlster, on the South side of the River Esk. The County of Dungall has the Ocean on the West; Lagh Gormely, on the South; and Tome Lagh on the North; a Barbarous and Wild place, as Mr. Cambden describes it: See Tirconnel.

Dungannon, Dunganum, the chief Town of the Ʋpper Tyrone, in the Province of Ʋlster in Ireland, near Armagh.

Dungarvan, a strong well fortified Town, with a Castle, and Haven, situate on the Southern Shoar of Ireland, in the County of Waterford, in the Province of Mounster, thirteen Miles from Waterford to the West. First granted by Henry VI. to Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury; and afterwards, for convenience, annexed to the Crown of England by Act of Parliament.

Dungesby Head, Veruvium Promontorium, the most Northern Cape of all Scotland, which lies in 59. deg. of Latitude; whereas Novantum, the Mule of Galloway, the most Southern, lies in 55. 10.

Dunkeld, or Dunkelden, Castrum Caledonium, Dulcheldinum, a City on the Tau, in the County of Perth, ten Miles North of Perth; which was adorned by King David of Scotland, with a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of S. Andrews; supposed to have been the City of the ancient Caledonians.

Dunkeran, Donequine, or Doneyne, Juernis, a small Town and Port upon the Gulph of the River Maine, in the County of Desmond in Mounster, in Ireland.

Dunkirk, Dunquerque, Dunquerca, called by the Flemmings, Duynskerke; and by the Italians and Spaniards, Doncherca; is a large, strong, well fortified Town, and Sea-Port in Flanders, which has a very noble and strong Castle, lately built: 3 Leagues from Graveline, 5 from Newport, and 6 from Calais. This Town was first fortified by Charles V. It stands on the River Colme, upon the Shoars of the German Ocean. Taken by the French in 1646. but during their Civil Wars, the Spaniards recovered it again. In 1658. it was retaken by the English and French united; chiefly by the valor of the English. Don John of Austria, and all the Spanish Forces, who came to relieve it, being totally routed and defeated, the Town was surrendred to the French; but by them according to Articles put into the Hands of the English: and so it continued till 1662. when it was sold to the French. The present King of France, Lewis XIV. has bestowed incredible cost in fortifying it, in inlarging and securing the Haven by Mounds and Forts.

Dun-le-Roy, Regiodunum, a Town in Berry, in France, upon the River Auronne: five Miles from Bourges to the South, and nine from la Charite to the South-West. § Another in the Dukedom of Burgundy near Beaujolois.

Dunmour, or Dunmore, a Market Town in the County of Essex. The Capital of its Hundred.

Dunois, a Territory within the Province of Beauce in France; the Capital whereof is Chateau Dun. It was advanced to the dignity of a Peerdom and Dukedom in 1525.

Dunnington, a Market Town in Lincolnshire in the Hundred of Kirton, and the Division of Holland: situated in a waterish Flat.

Dunnington-Castle, a Market Town in Leicestershire, in the Hundred of Goscote: honoured with a noble Seat belonging to the Earl of Huntingdon.

Dunstable, a Market Town in Bedfordshire, in the Hundred of Manshead, upon a Chalky dry Hill. Built by K. Henry I. out of the ruins of the ancient Magsovinium. K. Edward I. caused a noble Column or Cross to be here erected in memory of Eleanor his Queen, whose Corps rested in this place in their journey from Lincolnshire to Westminster Abbey.

Dunstaburge, Bebba, a Castle in Northumberland, on the Sea Shoar, eighteen Miles South of Berwick, and twenty five North of Newcastle; which belongs to the Duchy of Lancaster: Bede reports that this Castle was taken, and burnt by Penda, King of the Mercians. Roger Hoveden thus describes it; Bebba is a strong City, not very great, but containing two or three fields; having one hollow entrance into it, and that raised on high by Stairs after a wonderful manner; on the pitch of an Hill is a very fair Church; and Westward on the top, a pleasant clear Fountain, adorned with excellent Workmanship. In our times (saith Mr. Cambden) it is rather a Castle, than a Town, yet so big as that it might contain a small City; nor was it esteemed otherwise, when King William Rufus besieged the Rebellious Moubray, who lurked in it. In the Wars between the House of Lancaster and York, it was ruined again. And last of all, the Winds and Seas have exercised their rage upon it, endeavouring to level it, by driving up the Sea Sand into the hollow parts, and fetching down its once haughty Battlements.

Dunstafag, Evonium, a small ruined City in the West of Scotland, in the County of Lorne; which has an Haven over against the Island of Maly, fifty five Miles from Dunblane to the West. This was the Seat of the ancient Kings of the Picts, but now a Village, and yet perhaps in a better state, than when it was a Royal City.

Dunster, a Market Town in Somersetshire in the Hundred of Scarhampton, by the Sea side.

Dunwich, an ancient Corporation, once a potent City, on the Coast of Suffolk. Foelix the Burgundian, who established the East Angles (then wavering) in the Christian Faith, in 630. placed here a Bishops See; which continued till Bisus the fourth Bishop after him removed to North Elmham; leaving a suffragan Bishop only at Dunwich; in which times it was very populous, and so strong, that it curbed Robert Earl of Leicester, in his Rebellion against his Prince. In the Reign of Henry II. it had a Mint: William of Newbery calls it Vicus insignis, variis opibus refertus, a Town of good note, well stored with all sorts of Riches. But it is now a poor small Corporation, which bating the honor of sending two Burgesses to the Parliament, has nothing to Consolate it self withal. Time, the Sea, and Men as bad as either, have by degrees ruined not only the Town, but the greatest part of the ground it stood upon; and instead of its ancient variety of Riches, there is now an uniform Poverty, and desolation.

Durance, Druentius, Durantius, a very rapid River in Provence in France, which infesteth the Country with frequent Inundations. It ariseth from Mount Genebra, one of the Cottian Alpes, not far from Pignerol in Piedmont; or as others, in the Dauphinate near Brianzon; and passing on, watereth Embrun, and Gap; and entring Provence, takes in the Hubaye, the Buech, the Suse; then passing Sisteron, and Manosque, it entertains the Verdon; and a little beneath Cavaillon and Avignon, unites with the Rhosne. It will neither indure Boats nor Bridges, by reason of its great rapidity and swiftness, especially beneath Sisteron.

Durango, Durangum, a City of North America, in the Province of New Biscay; but near the Confines of New Spain, towards the Zacatecas; built at the foot of an Hill; which was made a Bishoprick by the Archbishop of Mexico, in 1620. §. There is a small Town of this name also in the Principality of Biscay in the Kingdom of Old Spain.

Duren, Dura, Duria, Marcodurum, a City in the Dukedom of Juliers in Germany, upon the River Roer, not two Miles from Gulick to the South, and five from Cologne to the West. This was the ancient Marcodurum, in the opinion of Cluverius, and all the other Geographers; made a Free Imperial City by Charles IV. Emperor of Germany. Charles V. being incensed against John Duke of Cleves, (who had married Mary, the Daughter of William▪ the last Duke of Juliers; and Leagued▪ with the French King Francis I. against him) in 1545. entred the Dukedom of Juliers, and after a sharp Siege took this City and burnt it: it has been reduced into subjection again, and is now under the Duke of Newbourg, by the Treaty of Faisans in 1659. Three Councils were Celebrated here in the years 761. 775. 779.

Durgat, Phrygia, a part of Anatolia or Asia the Less.

Durham, Dunehelmum, a City and County Palatine in the North of England. The City is seated upon the River Ware, in a Peninsula made by this River, which washeth three sides of it, and gives passage into it by three Bridges. The ground of it is a natural Hill, which contributes no less than the River to the strength and pleasantness of its situation: also secured by a Wall, and a Castle in the midst of it; the Cathedral (being a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of York) is towards the South side of the City, and of great beauty. This City is yet of no great Antiquity, being built or rather begun by the Monks of Dindisfarn, in 995. before which it was a Wood, and then not cleared without difficulty. In the times of William the Conqueror it was imployed by the Saxons, as a place of Refuge against him; but they were soon forced to betake themselves to Scotland for their greater security. VVilliam the Conqueror being possessed of it, built the Castle for a Curb to these Northern parts, and a security against the Scots. The present Cathedral was began about the same time by VVilliam de Careleph then Bishop of Durham, and finished by his Successor. This City gave great Protection to the English in 1346, when David Bruce, King of Scotland, harrassed the Nothern parts, whilst Edward III. besieged Calais: but the said Bruce was soon after overthrown in Battel, and taken Prisoner at Nevills Cross. In the times of Edward VI. the Bishoprick was dissolved by Act of Parliament, and given to that Prince; but Q. Mary dissolved that Statute, and restored the Bishoprick with all its Franchises. In 1640. in the beginning of the Rebellion, it fell after Newbury Fight into the hands of the Scots; and being left by them the year following, it followed the fate of the War, as the Parties prevailed upon each other. Long. 22. 00. Lat. 54. 57.

The County or Bishoprick of Durham, is bounded on the North and West by the River Derwent, which separates it from Northumberland; on the South by the River Tees, which parts it from Westmorland West, and York to the South; and on the East it has the Sea. The West is full of Mines of Iron; the Valleys are fruitful here also, and on the Eastern side the Country is very fruitful of Grass, Corn and Sea-Coal. Though all the English Kings were liberal to this Church upon the account of S. Cuthbert; yet Guthrun the Dane was the first that granted this Bishoprick o• County to the Church of Durham; which was afterward confirmed by Canutus, another Danish Prince, and by William the Conqueror; ever since which time, it has been accounted a County Palatine. Dr. Nathaniel Crew, the present Bishop of this Diocese, (being the LXX. in number from S. Aidanus) was translated from Oxford hither in the year 1674.

Duringen. See Thuringia.

Durlach, or Dourlach, Durlachum, Budoris, a City in the Marquisate of Baden in Schwaben in Germany, scarce two Miles from the Rhine, to the East, and four from Baden. This is the Capital of the Marquisate of Durlach, and the lower part of the Marquisate of Baden, which bounds it on the South; the Rhine lies on the West; the Dukedom of Wirtemberg on the East; and the Palatinate of the Rhine on the North. It is subject to its Marquess of the House of Baden, who has some other Territories and Honors in these Parts.

Durseley, a Market Town in Gloucestershire in the Hundred of Wotton.

Dusseldorp, Dusseldorpium, the chief Town of the Dutchy of Bergh upon the Rhine, five Miles beneath Cologne. This Town was fortified against the Duke of Brandenburg by the Duke of Newburg in 1613. who has since had his Residence here.

Duvelandt, the same with Beveland.

Duysburg. See Duisburg.

Dyfy. See Dee, a River in VVales.

Dynas-Mouthwye, a Market Town in the County of Merioneth in VVales. The Capital of its Hundred.

Dyrne. See Tyrnaw.

=== EA. (Book e) ===
EAdmont or Eamont, a River in the County of Westmorland, which joins with the Lowther by Whinfeld Forrest.

Earne or Lough-Earne, Erno, Erdinus, a Lake in Ʋlster; which passing into the Lake of Devenish, a little more West, they both together fall into the Virgivian or Western Ocean, by the Bay of Walley; between Dungal to the North, and Slego to the South.

Easingwold, a Market Town in the North-Riding of Yorkshire, in the Hundred of Bulmer.

East-Born, a Market Town in the County of Sussex, in Bevensey Rape.

East-Breane, Brenia, a Tract in the County of Cavan, in the Province of Ʋlster in Ireland, near the Lough-Earne.

Easton-ness, a Promontory on the Coast of Suffolk, which makes the Northern Point of Southwold▪ Bay: the most Eastern Cape of the whole Kingdom of England.

Eaton, Aetonia, Etona, a Town in Buckinghamshire, in the Hundred of Stock, upon the River Thames, over against Windsor: made famous by a College of the Foundation of King Henry VI. in which there is a Grammar-School of great esteem for the education of the English youth.

Eaune, Heldona, Elna, a River of France, commonly called Liane. It ariseth in the Confines of Artois; and running through the County of Bologne, falls into the British Sea at Bologne.

Eause, Elusa or Elusaberis, a ruined City of France, commonly called Euse and Eusan, in a Territory of the same Name, upon the River Gelize; often mentioned by Sulpitius Severus, Ammianus and Sidonius. It was once an Archbishops See, and the Metropolis of Novempopulonia: but now an obscure Village in Armagnac in Gascogny; five Miles from Condom West. Civtat is built of late towards the Rumes of it. The Archbishops See was translated to Aux hence.

Ebersdorp, Eberstorfium, a Town in the Lower Austria in Germany. It stands upon the Danube, two Miles below Vienna; adorned with a Castle, to which the Emperors delight to retire.

Eberstein, a County the Circle of Schwaben in Germany, taking its Name from the Castle Eberstein towards the Dukedom of Wirtemberg: They both belong to the Marquess of Baden.

Eberwyck, York.

Eblaba, Alabanda, an Inland City of Caria (now Aidinelli) in the Lesser Asia, on the South of the River Madre. Long. 52. 28. Lat. 38. 46. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Staurople or Sancta Croce.

Ebro, Iberus, one of the greatest Rivers of Spain, called by the FrenchEbre It ariseth from the Mountains of the Asturia's in old Castile, near the Village and Castle of Mantillas, from two Springs; and watering the North part of Old Castile, the Towns of Frias, Miranda, Logrono and Tudela, (where it takes in the River Arga from the South, and from thence becomes capable to carry a Boat) it soon after enters into, and divides the Kingdom of Arragon; then takes in Biel from the North▪ and Xalon from the South, a little below Alagon; then saluting Saragoza; it admits Rio de la Guerva from the South, and Gallego from the North; Aguas, Marcia and Guadalupe come in from the South, as it passes Burgo and Fuentes; and at Mequinenca, Segre, (of old Sicoris) with a number of smaller Rivers in its retinue. Algas on the South, and a knot of small Rivolets on the North also come in to pay their Tributes; so watering the Southern part of Catalonia, a little beneath Tortosa he falls into the Mediterranean Sea, between three small Islands made by his own Sands. This River gave the Name anciently of Iberia to all Spain. Festus Avienus mentions another River Iberus, which is apprehended to be the same with that the Moderns call Rio Tinto.

Ebudae, Hebudes, Hebrides, Aebudae, five small Islands to the West of the Kingdom of Scotland, now more commonly thence called the VVestern Isles. They have the honour to constitute a Bishoprick under the Archbishoprick of Glascow.

Eburones, Eburonices Aulerici, Eburiaci and Eburovices, an ancient People of Gallia Celtica, dwelling at and about the modern Eureux in Normandy, and the Diocese of Liege taken in its former Latitude.

Ebusus. See Ivica.

Eccleshal, a Market-Town in Staffordshire, in the Hundred of Pirehill.

Ecija, Astigi, Astygi, a City of the Kingdom of Andalusia in Spain; called by Pliny, Augusta Firma; upon the River Xenil, over which it hath a Bridge; eight Miles from Cordova to the South, and fourteen from Sevil to the North. This was anciently a Bishops See but now a part of the Diocese of Sevil; and at this time one of the best Cities in Andaluzia: recovered from the Moors in 1239.

L'Ecluse. See Sluys.

Eda, Baetius, a River in Arabia Foelix, which springing out of the Mountains of Ghazuan [Bengebres] watereth Harsan; and a little below Tajef, takes in the River Chaibar: then by passing by Badid, Almortasse, Baisat and Mecca, it falls into the Red Sea at Ziden or Giodda, over against Suaquem in Africa.

Edel, Rha. See Wolgha.

Eden, the Garden of Paradise, described Gen. 2. & 3. to be planted by the Divine hand at the head of a River, which afterwards breaking into four Currents produces the Rivers Pison, Geichon, Hiddekel and Euphrates: from whence they conjecture this Garden to have had its place in the Country about Mesopotamia in Asia. Not but that the circumstances of the Guardian Cherubims, and a Flaming Sword invisible, the Fruit-Trees of Life and Knowledge, the Serpents talking with Humane Voice, and by an easie fallacy trepanning of his Lord into a condition of entailing Curses upon posterity unborn, &c. have administred apprehensions to the Curious of this History's being either an Hypothesis of the Writer, or an Allegory. § Eden, Ituna, a River of England, which ariseth from Huseat Movel-Hill in Yorkshire. It passeth Pendragon Castle, Kirby, Steven, Appleby; and at Hornbey takes in the River Eimot; and entereth Cumberland out of VVestm•rland: running Northward, it passeth Corby Castle and VVarwick; then turning West, it watereth Carlisse; taking in Petterel and Canda, one above, the other beneath that City; also the Irthing, which falleth by Brampton; and Kirksop, the Boundary of England and Scotland; so falleth by the Bay of Itune or Eden, into the Irish Sea, between Anand Castle in Scotland, and Boulnesse in England.

Eder, Adrana, Aeder, a River of Germany, which ariseth in the Ʋpper Hassia; and flowing through the Earldom of VValdeck, watereth Franekenberg, VValdeck; and two Miles above Cassel to the North, falls into the River Fuld.

Edernay, Hadrianopolis. See Adrianople.

Edessa. See Rhoa.

Edgware, a small Market Town in the County of Middlesex, in the Hundred of Gore.

Edinburgh, Agneda, Edenburgum, is the Capital City of the Kingdom of Scotland, and Seat of the Kings of that Nation. It stands in the South part of Scotland, in the County of Lothaine; anciently called CASTRƲM ALATƲM; and Edenburroth signifies the same thing; for Aidan in the Welsh is Wing: it stands on a high Ground in an healthful Air, a fruitful Soil, watered by many excellent Springs; in length from East to West a Mile, the breadth something less: the Walls, strong; the publick and private Buildings, Magnificent: full of People, and has a competent Trade by the advantage of the Port of Leith, not far from it. At the East end is the Royal Palace; by it, a fine Park; and not far off, a strong Castle upon a Rock. As the variety of the Fortune of War changed, this City fell sometimes into the hands of the English, and at others of the Scots, till 960. when the last prevailed by the means of the Danish Irruptions. September 14. 1650. after the Battel of Dunbar, the Castle was delivered into hands of the English, who kept it till the Restitution of Charles II. And June 13. 1689. the Duke of Gourdon surrendred the same to K. William's Forces under Sir John Lanier, upon Conditions for the Garrison only. For as to his own Interest, he submitted himself to K. William's discretion. It lies in Long. 16. 00. Lat. 56. 15. § The Fyrth of Edinburgh, is one of the greatest Bays in Scotland: on the North it has Fife, on the South Sterling and Lothaine: and several of the principal Cities of this Kingdom stand about it, or near to it.

Edge-Hill, a place in VVarwickshire near Kyneneton, seven Miles South of VVarwick; where on Sunday October 23. 1642. was fought the first Battel between Charles I. and the Parliamentarians under the Earl of Essex. The Earl of Lindsey Commander of the King's Battalia, and General of the Field, was slain, and the Standard taken; but retaken by Sir John Smyth, who after the Fight was made a Knight Banneret. The King had in this first Battel clearly the advantage, and opened his way to Oxford and London, and the next day took Banbury: whereas Essex retreated first to VVarwick, then to Coventry, and left both the Field and the Passes.

Edom. See Idumaea.

Efeso. See Ephesus.

Ega, a River in Spain: it ariseth in Aalva in Biscay, and flowing through the Kingdom of Navarr, watereth Stella, and Villa Tuercta; and between Calahorra and Villafranca, falls on the North into the Ebro.

Egates or Aegates, a knot of Islands in the Sicilian Sea, over against the Promontory of Drepanum in Sicily, to the West. They are memorable for the Naval Victory obtained here by C. Lutatius Catulus, the Roman Consul, over the Carthaginians: wherein seventy of their Vessels being taken and fifty sunk, a Peace (by them desired) was concluded, upon condition, they should quit all their pretensions to the Islands betwixt Italy and Africa: with which the first Punick War ended in the year of Rome 513. i. e. 241. before Christ. See Gotham.

Egaean Sea. See Archipelago.

Eger and Etlaw. See Agria.

Eger, Egra and Oegra, a strong Town in the Kingdom of Bohemia, upon a River of its own Name, towards the Frontiers of Franconia in Germany. It was the Seat of the ancient Narisci, according to Thuanus; and became first a dependent of the Crown of Bohemia by Mortgage in 1315. In the German Wars, often besieged. Those of the Country call it Heb, or Cheb.

Egers, Aegiricius, Egericius, commonly called Gers, a River of France in the Ʋpper Gascony; it ariseth in Armagnac, and running Northward, watereth Aux and Lectoure; so falls into the Garonne over against Agen, twenty five Miles above Bourdeaux.

Egesta, or Aegesta and Segesta, an ancient City of the Island of Sicily, near the Promontory of Lilybaeum: the inhabitants whereof are called Segestani in Pliny.

Eggiaford. See Aland.

Eghmont, a Town in the Northern parts of Holland, which hath the honour of the Title of an Earldom: two Leagues from Berverwick, and within half a League of the same distance from Al•maer. An Abbey of the Benedictines rendered it heretofore very considerable. It gives Name to one of the principal Families in Holland.

Egli, Thelis, a River of Roussillon in Spain, which riseth from the Pyrenean Hills, and falls after a short Course into the Mediterranean Sea, three French Miles North of Perpignan.

Egremont, a Market Town in the County of Cumberland in the Hundred of Allerdale, upon the Banks of a River, not far from the Sea, over which it hath two Bridges.

Cgrez, Aegritia, a River belonging to the Territory of the City of Basil, called in the Maps Aegertz: it ariseth from the Hills of Buchisgow, and running North watereth Liechstall, and falls into the Rhine three Miles above Basil: many smaller Rivers fall into it, before it reacheth Leichstall, and one after; but I cannot find their Names.

Egypt, Aegyptus, called by the Inhabitants Chibili, by the Arabians, Bardamasser; by the Turks, Misir, (which is very near the Hebrew, Misraim); by the Italians and Spaniards l' Egitto; by the Germans, Egypten; Is the first, the most fruitful, most ancient, most celebrated Kingdom of all Africa: on the North it has the Mediterranean Sea; on the East Arabia Deserta, and the Red Sea; on the South Aethiopia; on the West Cyrene, and the Deserts of Lybia. The River Nile running the whole length of it, and towards the Mediterranean Sea dividing it self into many Branches, is the only cause of its Fertility, by overflowing it every year in the Month of June. It is, saith Cluverius, from the City of Pelusium, to the Cataracts of the Nile, one hundred and fifty Miles: from the same place to Conza in the West, it is one hundred Miles broad; in some places towards the South (as Mr. Sandys saith) above Grand Cairo, it is for a long Tract consined between barren Mountains, in many scarce four, in few above eight Miles broad. But then he extends it from North to South five hundred and sixty Miles, and in breadth one hundred and forty English Miles at the North end. Long. from 60. d. to 67. South Lat. from 22. to 31. This Country was peopled by Misraim the Son of Chus, the Grandchild of Noah by Ham; and maintained its Liberty under Princes of its own, till God gave them into the hands of Nebuchadonosor in the year of the World 3365. five years after the ruine of Jerusalem by the same Prince. Yet that Empire lying far off, and being much shaken by intestine Divisions, they recovered their Liberty again. Cambyses reduced them the second time in the year of the World 3425. Xerxes conquered them about the year 3473. And yet Artaxerxes Ochus was necessitated to reduce them again; for they set up Princes of their own, and beat his Generals: so he went in Person; and having driven their King into Aethiopia, he levelled their strongest Fortifications, and made them so weak and helpless, that they have been in Servitude ever since. This Prince began his Reign in 3587. Reigned twenty three years, and conquered them in 3602. Alexander the Great became their Master next in 3620. to whom they most willingly submitted, out of a detestation of the Persian Government. Ptolomy the Son of Lagus began his Reign over them in 3626. and Cleopatra the last of his Posterity, destroyed her self to avoid Captivity, in the year of the World 3920. eighteen years before the Birth of our Saviour. From thence forward they were under the Romans. This wretched Nation called in at length Haymaria III. of the Saracen Califfs, and by his help cast out the Greek Garrisons about 862. In 1163. another Race succeeded, called the Turkish Kings, or Califfs; which ended in 1245. when the Mamalucks (or Slaves of that Race) deposed their Masters, and erected an Elective Kingdom out of their own Body: the Prince whereof was for many Ages chosen out of a number of Men, who began in Slavery, and whose Profession was War; they were in some sort the Janizaries of that Age. Tonombeius II. the last of them in 1517. was forced to submit to the prevailing Valour and Fortune of Selymus, one of the Ottoman Princes, under whom that Nation still groans. And now let any man compare the ancient and present Maps of Egypt, and his Eyes will shew him in one minute, the difference between the ancient and the later Government. The fruitful and populous Land of Egypt, styled by the Romans the Granary of their Empire, that was of old overspred with Cities and Towns, being now almost desolate, and all its ancient Glory, Magnificence, Riches and People, buried in Rubbish and Ruins: Names of Places that have no Inhabitants, or Pictures of Beasts and Antiquities, is almost all that is to be found here. Grandcairo, Alexandria, Rossetta and Damiata, are the only considerable places left of three thousand Towns that Strabo says there were in his time; and of the eighteen thousand that Antiquity beheld in the Ages before. Christianity is almost totally extirpated here, as it is in Barbary: and whereas the ancient Egyptians acquired a mighty reputation over all the East, by their good Literature, which drew the Philosophers of Greece to travel to them; and particularly Plato and Eudoxus, to live amongst them thirteen years; the Egyptians being the famed Inventors of most of the Sciences, expressed after an admirable manner in Hieroglyphieks, which with their Lunar years, their Deities, the long Dynasties of their Kings, their Customs of Polygamy, Government, and Worship, so charming to the Israelites, have been the subjects of the Pens of the Learned in divers Ages; Now an universal Ignorance and Barbarity possesses their Country. But I must not be long in so short a Work.

Ehenheim, Enheimium, a small City in the Ʋpper Alsatia upon the River Ergel, which falls by Strasburgh into the Rhine; a little above three Dutch Miles from Strasburgh to the South-West. The Name of the River in the Maps, is Ergers, and of the City, Ober-Hehenheim. This was once an

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Imperial Free City, but now under the Dominion of the French, who are repairing the Ruines they made in it, in its Acquisition.

Eiala, Helicon.

Eichfield, or Eischfelt, Eischfeldia, a District in the Province of Thuringia in Germany, to the South of the Dukedom of Brunsivick, under the Jurisdiction of the Elector of Mentz. The Capital of it is Duderstad.

Eichtelberg, a Mountain in the Marquisate of Culemback in Franconia; famous for giving Source to four Rivers in Germany, comprehended by their initial Letters in the Word MENS; that is, the Mayn, the Eger, the Nab, and the Saal. It divides into divers Portions, some reaching Eastward towards Bohemia, some towards Franconia to the West, the Palatinate and Bavaria to the South, and the Provinces of Thuringen and Voigtlandt to the North. It abounds particularly with Pine-Trees, as its Name signifies in the High-German Language.

Eie Eifel, a small Territory or District in the Dukedom of Juliers.

Eigues, or Aigues, Icarus, Aigarus, Eigarus, a River arising amongst the Mountains of the Dauphinate in France, towards the Territory of Gapansois; thence passing by Nions and S. Tronquet, discharging it self into the Rhone, about the Borders of the Principality of Orange.

Eisleben, Eislebia, a small City in the Upper Saxony, in the County of Mansfield, upon a small River which falls into the Lake of Susse See; one Mile East of Mansfield, twenty two North-West of Dresden. Luther was born here in 1483. and here died in 1546.

Ekelenford, Ekelenfordia, a Town belonging to Denmark, in the Dukedom of Sleswick: It stands five Danish Miles from Flensborg to the South-East, upon a Bay of the Baltick Sea, called Ekrenforder hafen. This Town took its Name from an old ruined Castle near it, and is under the Duke of Holstein Gottorp.

Ekesio, Ekesium, a Town in the County of Smaland in Sweden, four or five Leagues from the Lake Weler, towards Ostrogothland.

Eladasagni, Elbassan, Dassar, Daulia, a City in the West of Macedonia, on the Borders of Albania, upon the River Spirnasse, South of Scampi, (which River falls into the Ioman Sea, between Durazzo to the North, and Purgo to the South:) Elbassan stands sixty English Miles from Durazzo.

Elandia, Lampia, a small River in the Morea, not taken notice of in the ancient or later Maps; but it ariseth from a Mountain of the same Name in Arcadia.

Elba, Aethalia, Ilva, the Isle of Elbe, an Island in the Mediterranean Sea, between Piombino, in the Dukedom of Florence, and the Isle of Corsica; belonging to the Prince of Piombino, but under the Protection of a Spanish Garrison at Porto Longone; besides which the Grand Duke is possessed of a strong Town in it, called Porto Ferrajo, the Argoiis Portus of the Ancients, but in the Maps Cosmopolis; whereas indeed (saith Baudrand) there is no such Place as Cosmopolis in that Island. It is forty Miles in Circuit, inhabited by five or six Parishes; and by Virgil applauded for Mines of Steel.

Elbe, Albis, is one of the greatest Rivers of Germany; called by the Bohemians Labe, by the Italians Albi. It ariseth in Bohemia, out of the Mountain Das Risenbirge, that is, the Mount of Giants; in the Borders of Silesia, in the North-East part of that Kingdom, and runs South: First taking in Ʋpawa and Metueze above, and Olitz at Conig; then turning Westward from the North, it takes in Czidlina; a little further, Gizera; at Melnick, Multaw (which watereth Prague the Capital of Bohemia) and Egers above Letomeritz, where it runs Northwards into Misnia, and passeth by Dresden, and Meissen; then entering Saxony, a little above VVittenberg, it entertains the Elster from the North, and at Dessaw, the Muldau; a little further, the Sala, a great River from the South; then it watereth Magdeburgh, Borgh, and Sandow; and at Werben in the Dukedom of Brandenburgh, takes in the Havel, a great River which watereth Berlin and Brandenburgh, the principal Cities of that Dukedom: At Domitz it has another vast Supply out of Mecklenburgh; so leaving Danneberg on the South, and Thomdam on the North, it entereth Holstein at Ludesborgh, and runs on the South of Hamburgh to Gluckstad, about twelve German Miles; beneath which it falls into the German Ocean. This was the fatal Boundary of the Roman Empire; to which they seldom came, and beyond which they could never fix.

Elber, Libya Deserta, a Part of Africa.

Elbeuf, Elbovium, Elbodum, a Town in Normandy, upon the Seine, three or four Leagues below Rouen; adorned with the Title of a Dutchy in 1581.

Elbing, Elbinga, Aelveopolis, a City of Prussia, upon the Eastern Mouth of the Vistula, over against Dantsick, near the Lake of Drawsen; ten Polish Miles from Dantsick to the East. This is a very strong, beautiful, rich City; divided into two Parts, the Old and the New. First built in 1239. by the Knights of the Teutonick Order. In 1454. it withdrew from their Subjection, and put it self under the Protection of the King of Poland. In 1492. there was an University opened here by Albertus Duke of Brandenburgh, the first of that House that was Duke of Prussia. In 1629. it was taken by the Swedes, and again in 1655. but since recovered to the Crown of Poland. The first Occasion of its Trade and Wealth, was the Besieging the Town of Dantsick by Stephen King of Poland; which necessitated the Merchants to remove the Trade to Elbing. Gustavus Adolphus designed to improve it by the same Method; but the best Trade they have at present, is on the Account of its being the Staple for the English Cloth. This City is the Capital of the Territory of Hockerland; and divers English Families have settled themselves at it.

Elbogen. See Malmugen.

Elcatif, Leanita, a City and Province in Arabia Foelix, upon the Gulph of Persia, over against the Island of Babarim; from which the Gulph of Persia is by the Arabians called the Sea of Elcatife.

Elephantina, Elephantis, a pleasant Island of the River Nile in Aegypt, below the last of its Catarracts, not very far from Aethiopia; the Aegyptians and Aethiopians trading with each other here. It enjoys a perpetual Spring; and according to Tacitus, is observable for being the utmost Boundary on that Side of the Roman Empire.

Elesa, Elusa, an Island upon the Coast of Cilicia.

Eleusis, an ancient City of Attica, betwixt Megara and the Portus Pyraeus. One of the most celebrated in all Greece for the Temple, and the Mysteries of the Goddess Ceres performed here, together with other particular Mysteries, in Honour of Proserpine and Hercules; some of which it was Death to discover; some they exposed, yet at several times, and by Parts: Whence Seneca's Proverb, Eleusina servat quod ostendat: Admittingno Persons to the Exercise of the greater ones, under a Noviciatship of five years, with the

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Title of Mystae; and then advancing them to the Degree of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, with a Ceremony of Consecration. The Grand Secret of these Mysteries is thus discovered by Tertullian; Tota in Aditis divinitas, &c. Simulachrum membri virilis revelatur. Thus by Theodoret; Naturae muliebris imago.

Eleutherns, the River, now called Bajaria or Habes, according to Cluverius: Others apply it to the Admirati, of the Island of Sicily. See those modern Names. § Also a River of Phoenicia in Syria, arising from the Mountain Libanus, thence passing by Ituraea and Galilaea, to fall into the Tyrian Sea two Miles from Sarepta, and three from Tyre. The modern Name of this is Valonia.

Eleutheropolis, an ancient City of the Tribe of Juda, in Palestine; eight Miles from Hebron to the West, and twenty from Jerusalem by the Way of Gaza. S. Jerom takes the Distances of divers Places from this, as from one of particular Note.

Elgin, a small City in the County of Murray in Scotland, upon the River Lossie; three Miles from the Coasts of the German Ocean. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of S. Andrews.

Elham, or Eltham, a Market-Town in Kent, in Shepway Lath: Honoured heretofore with a Palace Royal; now well inhabited, being pleasantly seated amongst Woods on the Side of a Hill.

Elis, A Country of the ancient Peloponnesus, betwixt Achaia, Messene and Arcadia; so particularly consecrated in those times to Jupiter, whose Temple and Statue here were numbered amongst the Wonders of the World, that it was looked upon as Sacrilege to attack it: Only, the Lacedemonians, Arcadians and Romans were not so scrupulous to observe the Conceit. Before this Country submitted to the Romans, or was governed by a Magistracy of its own, it had the Honour to be a Kingdom. The Rivers Alpheus and Acheron, the Mountain Peneus, the Olympick Games in Honour of Jupiter and Juno, the Cities Elis, Pisa or Olympia, Cyllene, &c. contributed to spread its Fame in ancient History. Its modern Name is Belvedore. See Belvedore.

Ell, or Elle, Elcebus, a Town of Germany, in the lower Alsatia, upon the River Ill; three Leagues from Schlestad, and something more than one from Strasbourgh.

Ellesmere, a Market-Town in the County of Salop, in the Hundred of Pimhill, near the Borders of VVales. The Earl of Bridgwater is Baron of this Place.

Elna, Helena, a small City in Catalonia, in the County of Roussillon, heretofore a Bishop's See; upon a small River, two Miles South of Perpignan, and the same from the Mediterranean. The Bishoprick was removed to Perpignan in 1604. by Clement VIII. The Town was taken by the French from the Spaniard in 1640. Very small; called anciently Illiberis; in which was Hellen Castle, where those of Magnentius his Party slew Constans, the Eldest Son of Constantine. The River that falls by it is Tech.

Elsass. See Alsatia.

Elsenore, Elsenora, by the Danes Helsignor, is a Town in the Island of Zeeland; five German Miles from Copenhagen to the West. It has a large and a safe Haven, near the Mouth of the Sound; and a Castle to command the Streights of the Sound.

Elsingbourgh, Elsingborch, a Town on the opposite Shoar, over against Cronenburgh in Scania; which heretofore was under the Crown of Denmark, but by the Treaty of Roschild, in 1658. resigned to the King of Sweden. It stands three German Miles from Landskroon to the West. Christopher of Bavaria, King of Denmark, died here in 1448. The Danes took it in 1676. but they return'd it to the Swedes again the year after.

Eltor, Eilan, or Heilan, Aelana, Aila, Sur, Taurus, a City of Arabia Petraea, upon the Red-Sea, North of Madian, and over against Dacata in Aegypt. It has a Castle on a Rock by it, which always keeps a Turkish Garrison against the Arabians.

Elvas, Helva, a City of Portugal, in the Province of Alentejo, called Yelves by them of Castile; it stands upon the River Guadiana, fourteen Miles from Merida to the West, and twenty nine from Sevil to the North. This is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Evora; well fortified, and has belonging to it a strong Castle. The Spaniards, in 1659. besieged it to their great loss, being here routed by the Portuguese. Paul IV. in 1555. raised it to the Honor of a Bishoprick. The Cathedral Church was built by the Moors for a Mosque.

Elvino, a Fountain near Aquino, a City of the Terra di Lavoro, in the Kindom of Naples.

Elvira, Eliberis, an ancient City of the Kingdom of Granada in Spain; ruined, and its Episcopal See transferred to Granada, the Nova Illiberis, which has risen by its fall. This City is famous in Ecclesiastical History, for a Council assembled at it about the year 305. Two of the Canons thereof being much insisted on in Disputes; the one, forbidding Images; the other, the Marriage of the Clergy.

Elwang, Elwanga, Elephaniacum, a small City in the Circle of Schwaben in Germany, upon the River Jagst; in the Confines of Franconia, near the Territory of Onold; five German Miles from Rotenburgh, upon the Tubar, to the South, and nine from Ʋlm to to the North. The Capital of a Noble Government; the Governor being one of the Princes of the Empire; and it has a Castle near the City, in which he resides. This Territory is called by the Germans, Stife Elwang.

Elway, a small River which riseth in Denbighshire in VVales, and falleth into the Cluyd, a little beneath S. Asaph.

Ely, Helia, a City and Bishoprck in Cambridgeshire, in an Island of the Name, surrounded on all sides by Fens and Marshes; yet here was anciently one of the richest Monasteries of England. The See was taken out of that of Lincoln, and constituted by Henry I. in 1109. Hervey, Bishop of Bangor, being the first Bishop of it. The Monastery out of which the Bishoprick sprung, was Founded by Etheldreda, Wife to Egfred King of Northumberland, and was at first a Nunnery. The Danes having ruined this Foundation, Ethelwold, Bishop of VVinchester, refounded it, and stock'd it with Monks. The Cathedral was a Work of Time, built by Parts, great and beautiful; though the Town of Ely is not great, nor the Air healthful. The Bishop of this See had heretofore Palatine Rights, which were taken off by 27. H. 8. c. 25. But yet the Revenue is great, and the Bishops of it have been in great Esteem, and much employed. The present, is the forty third Bishop of this Diocese.

Elymi, an ancient People, that dwelt about the Mountains and high Grounds of the Island of Sicily; remembred in History, upon the Account of their being the Allies of the Carthaginians.

Elysii Campi, Elysium, the Poets Paradise; a large and delicious Plain of Baeotia in Greece, covered with Flowers, and every way agreeable to the Pleasures of the Senses.

Elysii, Helisii, Lysii, the ancient People of the Province of Silesia, in Bohemia; mentioned by Tacitus.

Embden, Amasia, Emda, a German City in the Circle of VVestphalia; anciently called Amasia, or Amisia, as Cluverius saith, from the River Ems, (Amasius,) upon which it standeth, with a large deep Port defended by a Castle. It is the Capital of East-Friesland, which is from this City often called the Principality of Embden; not great, but strong and well fortified. The Trade or People here are neither of them considerable; the Hollanders having sometime since possessed themselves of it. It stands fifteen Miles from Bremen to the South-West, and seven from Groningen to the North.

Emboli, Empoli, Amphipolis, Christopolis, an Archiepiscopal City, in Macedonia, under the Patriarch of Constantinople, upon the Confines of Macedonia and Thrace: Seated upon the Bay and River of Strimon, which did almost surround it; standing in the Confines of these two Countries or Kingdoms; and sometimes ascribed to the one, sometimes to the other. It lies thirty Miles from Philippos to the East, and seventy five from Thessalonica to the East. Now under Bondage to the Turks. Long. 50. 00. Lat. 41. 30.

Emeley, Auna, Emelia, a small City in the County of Tipperary, in the Province of Mounster in Ireland; in the Confines of the County of Limerick; upon the River Eslason, which falls into the River More or Broadwater: Heretofore great, populous, and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Cashel in the same County. This City lies twenty four Miles from Limerick to the East.

Emenia, an ancient Name of Thessalia.

Emilia, a Province of the antient Italy, lying along the Emiliana via, which denominated it, from Ariminum to Placentia; and comprehending a part of the present Estates of the Pope, the Dukes of Parma, Modena, Mantoua, and Mirandola. Call'd also Flaminia.

Emmaus, a Village in the Tribe of Juda, in Palestine, distant from Jerusalem about sixty Furlongs. Luc. 24. 13. At which our Saviour after his Resurrection discovered his Person to two of his Disciples by sitting down to eat with them, and then vanished out of their Sight. It is mentioned by Pliny, upon the Account of some remarkable Fountains there. The Devotion of Christians had advanced it to the Dignity of an Episcopal See, and built it a Monastery; before the Turks converted it into a Village again, much more desolate than before, inhabited by the Arabians only.

Emmen, Amma, a River of Switzerland, deriving its beginning from the Valley of Lemmethal, and after the reception of some Rivulets, falling into the Aar below Soleurre.

Emmerick, or Embrick, Embrica, Emmerica, a large, fair and rich Town in the Dutchy of Cleves, in Germany, upon the Eastern Banks of the Rhine, betwixt Cleves and the Fort of Skein; adorned with a Collegiate Church ever since the year 700. It is in the Possession of the Duke of Brandenburgh. The Hollanders took it from the Spaniards in the year 1600. The French from the Hollanders in 1672. who the year after put it into the Duke of Brandenburgh's Hands.

Empurias, Emporiae, Castrum Aragonense, Tibulae, a strong City in the Western Quarter of the Island of Sardinia, upon the River Termo or Termi, or Aragonese; with a good Port, and a Cittadel, and a Bishop's See, in Conjunction with that of Terra Nova in the same Island. It is more vulgarly now called Castel Aragonese, because it was the first Town the Spaniards of Aragon possessed themselves of, after the grant of Sardinia by Pope Boniface VIII. to James II. King of Aragon, about the Year 1296.

Ems, Eems, Amasius, Amisius, Amasia, Amasis, a River of Germany, which riseth in the Diocese of Paderborne, near Wrle, in a very deep Valley, from a slow but plentiful Spring, two Miles and an half from Paderborne to the North; then running Westward, and taking in the VVrle, the Dalke, and the Luter, three small Rivers, it entereth the Bishoprick of Munster; (having first passed by Retburgh, the Capital of a small Country,) and watereth VVidenbrug, or VVarendorp, and receives the Hessel from Ravensberg on the South; so passing Eme and Tillegt, it receives from the North the VVerse; and a little lower the Aa, which watereth the City of Munster; then turning North it passeth the Rhine, and takes in another Aa on the East; so by Linge he proceeds to Meppen, where it admits the Hase a considerable River on the East too; then passing by Landegge on the West, and Nienhus on the East, it entereth East-Friesland at the Fort of Oort; takes in Soste from the East, and by Oldersum and Nendorp, passeth by Emden, (which takes its present, as well as ancient Name from it,) and the Bay of Dullart, into the German Ocean.

Enchuysen, Enckuysen, Ancusanum, Enchusa, is a small City belonging to the Ʋnited Provinces, in Holland, in that Part called West-Friesland; which has a large and safe Haven upon the Zuyder Sea, and affords excellent Pilots; not above three Miles from Horn to the East, and eight from Amsterdam to the North: It stands on the Western shoar, at the Entrance of the Zuyder Zee, and was one of the first Towns that revolted and turned out the Spaniards in 1572. It had been burnt in 1279. But rebuilt and qualified with the Privileges of a City by VVilliam Earl of Holland in 1355.

Encre, Incra, a River in Picardy in France; with a Fort of the same Name upon it, which falls into the Some at Corvie.

Enderen. See Adrianople.

Endromit, Adramyttium, a City of the Lesser Asia, in Phrygia; and a Sea-Port upon the Archipelago, over against the Island of Metellino, (Mitilene:) called by Europeans Andramiti, by the Turks Edromit, (as Leunclavius affirms;) and by others S. Dimitri. It is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Ephesus; and I suppose is that which is called Landimetri in the later Maps; seventeen German Miles North of Smyrna. The Bay is called by the same Name; and sometimes extended to all the Sea between this Town and the Island of Metellino; sometimes contracted to that only, which entereth the Shoars of Asia. Hofman confirms my Conjecture; and shews that this City has a Phoenician Name from Bochart: it stands in a rich and fruitful Soil; mentioned by Livy, lib. 37. by Strabo, lib. 13. by S. Paul, Acts xxvii. 2. Long. 55. 00. Lat. 40. 40.

Engaddi, or Engedi, an ancient City of the Tribe of Judah, in Palestine, situated in a fruitful Soil for Wine; as the Comparison intimates, Cant. 1. 14. King David had an Opportunity to kill Saul in a Cavern of a Mountain near this Place. Ptolemy and Stephanus mention it.

Engern, Angria, the seat of the ancient Angrivarii, a Town in the Earldom of Ravensberg, in the Province of Westphalia in Germany, seven or eight Leagues from Munster: Famous for the Tomb of Witichindus, a Duke of the Saxons, of high Renown in the time of Carolus M. The Elector of Cologne stiles himself Duke of this Place.

Engers, a fair Town and Castle, with a noble Bridge over the Rhine, in the Archbishoprick of Trier in Germany, betwixt Coblentz and Andernach.

Engia, or Egina, an Island of the Archipelago towards Europe, at the Mouth of the Gulph of its own Name, (which was the Sinus Saronicus of the Ancients,) to the East of the Province of Sacania in the Morea; and near Athens. The Inhabitants whereof, in former Ages, were in a Condition to dispute with the Athenians for the Soveraignty of the Sea. It is about thirty six Miles in Circuit. The Capital City, Engia;

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which hath been the Seat of a Bishop under the Archbishop of Athens, since Christianity; but now no more than a Village, and the whole Island unprovided of a good Port. In 1537. the Turkish Admiral, Barberousse, took this Island from the Venetians; who retaking it in 1654. ruined all its Fortifications, and abandoned it to the Plunder of their Soldiers. The Relicts of two Famous Temples, the one dedicated to Jupiter, the other to Venus heretofore, are yet visible upon it.

England, Anglia, called by the French Angleterre, by the Italians Inghilterra, by the Germans Engellandt, by the Spaniards Inglaterra, is the greatest, the most Southern, and the best Part of the Island of Great Britain; called heretofore Albion, Britannica, and Britannia: Which noble Island is divided into three Parts, England, Wales, and Scotland. England has Scotland on the North, the Irish Sea in part, and Wales in part, and then the Irish Sea again on the West; the British Sea on the South, and the German Sea on the East: Between 17. and 22. Deg. of Long. between 50. and 57. of N. Lat. It lies together with Wales in the Form of a great Triangle, whereof the Southern Shoar is the Base, and Berwick the opposite Angle; from whence to the Lands End, it is accounted three hundred eighty six Miles Long, and two hundred seventy nine Broad; containing in that Compass, about thirty Millions of Acres of Land. It was divided by the Romans into five Parts, by the Saxons into seven Kingdoms, and now into forty one Shires or Counties: In which the Parishes amount to about ten thousand. The Air is very Temperate, both in Winter and Summer, being warmed in the one, and cooled in the other by the Sea-Vapors; the Soil for the most part very fruitful; watered with three hundred twenty five Rivers. The Inhabitants, Valiant and Industrious. And as Nature has given it whatever is absolutely necessary to the Life of Man; so the Natives by their Trade and Commerce, bring in from abroad, what may be had throughout the World, for Convenience, Delight, Magnificence, and Ornament. It has also the best Government, and the best constituted Religion, of any Nation in the World; and as much Learning, Civility, Arts and Trade as any other. Our Fleets excel at Sea, our Foot at Land, those of all other Nations. In short, we want nothing to make us happy, but Gratitude to God, and Union amongst our selves. This Island became first known to the Romans, about fifty years before the Birth of Christ. Julius Caesar entered it with a Fleet in the Year of the World 3895. and renewed his Attempt the year following; but the Civil Wars breaking out between him and Pomper, the Romans made little Progress here, (though they kept their Ground) till the Reign of Claudius; who entered Britain in Person, and staying not long, his General, Aulus Plautius, carried on the War; so that he took in the greatest part of this Island, now called England, and under him Vespasian learned the Art of War. Didius Avitus succeeded as General, and Nero as Emperor; under whom the Romans were in great Danger of an utter Extirpation from the Britains: But this Storm blowing over, they conquered all they cared for, as far the Fyrths of Galloway and Edinburgh in Scotland; only their ordinary and standing Bounds were between Newcastle and Carlisle. They continued their Possession till the year of Christ 433. and then withdrew to desend their nearer Dominions on the Continent, against the prevailing barbarous Northern Nations. In 449. the Saxons were called in to help the Britains against the Picts, (those Nations that had never been subject to the Romans, in the North of Britain.) In 455. Hengist, their General, set up the Kingdom of Kent, and began the Conquest of the British. By the year 819. the Heptarchy, or seven Kingdoms of the Saxons, united in one, under Egbert King of the West-Saxons; which Union received its utmost Perfection under Alfrid, about 873. The Danes, who had given Occasion to this Union, pursuing their Depredations, at last conquered the Saxons in 1018. and set up Sweno, a Prince of their own. In 1042. Edward the Confessor restored the Saxon Line, which was broken by William the Conqueror in 1066. But the Blood was again restored by Henry II. in 1155. Edward I. united Wales, in 1246. K. Henry II. began, and K. John finished the Conquest of Ireland, about the Year 1184. in the Reign of Richard I. his Brother. In the year 1602. James I. K. of Scotland, succeeding Qu Elizabeth, of Blessed Memory, united Scotland to England. And the great Rebellion in 1640. ended in 1660. by the Restitution of Charles, the Merciful and Just. Yet the Miseries that brought it in, the Calamities that attended it, and the Judgments that have followed it, may be eternal Monitors to English Men, to be Loyal to the King, and stedfast to the Church.

Engur, Astelfus, a River of Asia, which springeth from Mount Caucasus; and watering Mengrelia, falls into the Euxine, or Black Sea, between Charus and Hippus. Twenty Miles North of Chobus, another River of the same Country.

Engury, Ancyra, a City of Galatia, in the Lesser Asia, upon the River Parthenius, (now Sangari,) which falls into the Black Sea at Cangary. This was the Metropolis of Galatia; yet seated in the Confines of Paphlagonia, on an advanced Ground: And made Famous by a Council here held in 314. and another in 357. Called by the Turks, Enguri, Engouri, Angouri, or Anguri; fifty Miles to the East from Scutari, and sixty from Smyrna to the N. East. It is now considerable, and the Capital of one of the Turkish Provinces in Asia. Mithridates, the Famous King of Pontus, was overthrown by Pompey near this City-Bajazet the Turk, in the year 1403. was in the same Place taken Prisoner by Tamerlane, the Scythian Conqueror. Long. 62. 10. Lat. 42. 30.

Enham, Aenhamum, a Town in the County of Southampton, in the Hundred of Andover: Of Note, for a Council here congregated of the Bishops of both the Provinces in the Year 1009. under the Reign of King Ethelred.

Enkoping, Enecopia, a Town in the Province of Ʋplandia, in the Kingdom of Sweden; near the Lake Meler; five or six Leagues from Ʋpsal.

Enna, an ancient City, standing heretofore in the Center of the Island of Sicily; and Famous, both for a Temple dedicated to the Goddess Ceres Ennea, and for the excellentest Springs in all the Island▪ which are applauded by Cicero and Diodorus. The Bellum Servile of Sicily was raised by Syrus Ennus of this Place, and ended with the Reduction of this Place also, under the Conduct of Pimperna.

Eno, Aenos, a City of Thrace, called by the Turks, Ygnos; by the Greeks, Eno. It stands on the Archipelago, at the Mouth of the River Hebrus, now Mariza; which runs a little South of Adrianople, and here falls into the Sea over against the Isle of Samandrachi; forty Miles from the new Dardanels to the North, and sixty five English Miles from Adrianople South: Is now a Bishop's See, under the Patriarch of Constantinople,

Enrichemont. See Boisbelle.

Ens, Claudivium, Claudionum, Anisus, is both a River and a City of Austria: the River riseth in the Bishoprick of Saluburgh near Rachstad; and running North-East as far as Newmarckt, it takes in that of Celstal; North-West it meets the Steyr, at Steyr

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Castle; and there it turns to the North, and washeth the East Side of the City of Ens; half a German Mile beneath which, it falls into the Danube. Near the City there is a Bridge over the Danube, on the North-West Side.

Ensisheim, Ensihemium, a small City in Alsatia, upon the River Ill, two Miles West of Newenburgh, five Miles North-West from Basil. Once the Capital of the Higher Alsatia, and the Seat of the Parliament, or Chamber of that Province; but now in the hands of the French.

Entre-Douro-e-Minho, a Province, the best peopled, and the most delightful of all the Kingdom of Spain: containing in the space of eighteen Leagues in length, and twelve in breadth, six good Port-Towns, above one hundred and thirty Monasteries, and fourteen hundred Parishes. It hath this Appellation given it from its Situation betwixt the Rivers Douero to the South, and Minho to the North: the Western Ocean binding it to the West, and the Province of Tras-los-Monies to the East. Its Capital is the City Braga.

Entrevaux, Intervallium▪ a Town in Provence, upon the River Var and the Frontiers of the County of Nice, about the Mountains; which the Bishop of Gl•ndev•s makes the Seat of his Residence.

Epaune or Epone, Epaunense, Ponense, Eponense, a Town or Parish in the old Kingdom of Burgandy in France; where there was a Council held in 51• under the Reign of Sigismund, King of Burgundy, after his abjuration of Arrianism. The French Writers cannot agree, where to place it more particularly.

Ephesus, E••so▪ one of the most ancient and noble Cities of the Lesser Asia; seated upon the River Causter, (Ca•strus,) in the Province of Ionia; on the Shoars of the Archipelago, North of the Isle of Samos; one of the greatest and most celebrated Cities of Asia, before it fell into the hands of the depopulating Sar•o•ns and Tur••▪ who seem to have been designed by Heaven for the Scourges and Destroyers of ancient Cities, or rather of Mankind, there is so much Desolation where ever they have long ruled. This City is so ancient, that it is generally believed to have been built by the Amazons. It stood at first on too low a Ground; and therefore suffering much by Inundations, Lysimachus, one of the Successors of Alexander the Great, removed it into that place where it now is, and called it Arsinoe, by the Name of his Wife; but after his Death, it reassumed its ancient Name. Pliny calls the Temple of Diana here built, Admirationem Graecae Magnificentiae, The Wonder of the Grecian Magnificence: and reckons it amongst the Wonders of the World: this was burnt by Erostratus, to perpetuate the Memory of his Name, that night Alexander the Great was born, in the one hundred and sixth Olympiad, and the three hundred ninety eighth year of Rome, i. e. three hundred fifty six years before Christ. Two hundred and twenty years more afterwards were spent in rebuilding it, with the utmost Magnificence, at the charges of all the Provinces of Asia Minor. Xerxes, though he ruined many of the Asiatick Temples, spared this. The Romans conquered this City under Antiochus King of Syria, an hundred and eighty years before the Birth of our Saviour, and in their first Asiatick War. Nero plundered it; the Goths under Galienus destroyed it. S. Paul first planted the Christian Faith (residing in person three years) here, and wrote one of his Epistles to this Church afterwards, whilst he was at Rome. S. John, the beloved Apostle, lived, and wrote, and in probability died here: to him the great Church was dedicated, that is now a Turkish Mosque. S. Timothy was its first Bishop after S. Paul. The third General Council, consisting of two hundred Prelates, was held here in the year 431. under Theodosius junior, against Nestorius and Pelagius. There was a smaller Council here in 198 concerning the Celebration of Easter; in which the Bishops resolving to adhere to the Asiatick Custom, Pope Victor declared to break his Communion with them. Another in 400. held by S. Chrysostom, for the quieting the Disturbances of Asia. Another in 449 by Dioscorus Patriarch of Alexandria, for the confirming the Opinions of Euryches, in which Pop• Leo's Legats were rejected: and some others. When this City came first into the hands of the Turks, I cannot assign; but it is certain they call it A••salouc; and that it is a poor desolate Village though with a fine Haven, and an old ruined Castle. This City lies forty Miles from Smyrna to the South; full of the deplorable Ruines of its pristine Glory. Long. 55. 45. L•at. 39. 00. All the Inhabitants of this City now are about forty or fifty Families of Turks, without one Christian amongst them: living in a knot at the South Side of the Castle, called Asia Sabuck. The Grott of the seven famous Sleepers is shewn in this City.

Epidamnus▪ See Dura••o.

Epi•a•rus. See Malvasia and Ragusa. § An ancient City besides, of Argia, in the Peloponnesus, where there was a Temple dedicated to Aesculapius.

Epideno, Apidanus, a River of Thessalia, called sometimes Epedonia; it ariseth from Mount Bormio; and washing Pharsalia, (famous for the overthrow of Pompey the Great, by Caesar) falls into the River Onocoro, (Peneus) above Larissa, with a very swift Current.

Epirus, a Kingdom in Greece, which was anciently much celebrated; and had first Kings of its own, till the Macedonians subjected it: it is bounded on the North by Macedonia, now Albania; on the East by Thessalia, on the South by Achaia, (now Livadia;) and on the West by the Ionian Sea, or Gulph of Venice. This Province is now sometimes called the Lower Albany. It is most famous for its ancient King Pyrrhus, who invaded Italy, and beat the Romans in the year of the World 3669. two hundred seventy nine years before the Birth of our Saviour. See Florus, lib. 1. cap. 18. This Kingdom was reduced to the Macedonian Subjection, by Philip and Alexander the Great; but Pyrrhus not only recovered it, but conquered, and for some time kept Macedonia. The Romans subdued it next, and Paulus Aemilius laid it desolate: sacking in one day seventy Cities, and captivating an hundred and fifty thousand Epirots, without any Provocation. In the Division of the Empire, this Country fell to the Eastern; and continued so till the taking of Constantinople; after which it had Princes of its own again, till the year 1466. when by the death of George Castriot, commonly called Scanderberg, it was reduced under the Dominion of the Turks, under whom it still is; excepting Corfu, and some other small Islands, which are under the Venetians.

Episcopia, Curium, once a City of the Isle of Cyprus, now a great Village, which is yet a Bishops See amongst the Greeks: it lies on the South Side of the Island, East of Paphos, and not far from the South-West Cape, in a Bay, called heretofore Curia.

Epomeus or Epopeus, a Vulcanoe-Mountain in the midst of the Island of Ischia, in the Thuscan Ocean; so terrible in its Eruptions, accompanied with Inundations and Earthquakes, that we find the Inhabitants have divers times abandoned the Island for safety. It is recorded particularly to have raged under the Consulship of Lucius Marcius and Sextus Julius, under the Reigns of Augustus, Titus and Dioclesian, and in the year 1300.

Epping, a Market Town in the County of Essex,

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in the Hundred of Waltham. The Lord Gray of W•rk has a Seat here.

Epsham or Epsom, a Market Town in the County of Surrey, in the Hundred of Copehorn: pleasantly situated, and much resorted to, for its Medicinal Waters.

Epte, Illa, a River in the Beauvaisis, in the Isle of France.

Erasino or Rasino, a small River of the Morea, in ••carnania, the most North-Eastern Province, near Napoli di Romania: it ariseth out of a Lake, anciently called Stymphalis; and having buried it self under the Earth, ariseth again; and falls at last into the Golfo di Napoli.

L'Eraut or l'Erraud, Araurius, Rhauraris, a River of the Province of Languedoc in France, arising from the Mountains of Sevennes, and passing by Castelnau de Guers, Florensac, &c. to discharge its Tribute to the Mediterranean, having first received into its own Bed some Streams by the way.

Erdelia, Erdeliana provincia, Erdely. See Transylvania.

Eresby, a Town in the Division of Lindsey in Lincolnshire, not far from Bullingbrook, giving the Title of Baron to the Earl of Lindsey.

Eresma, Areva, a River of Old Castile in Spain▪ it ariseth from Mount Fonfria, in the Borders of New Castile; and passing by Segovia, receiveth the small Rivolet of Clamores, and another at Coca, called the Valtaia; and a little lower the Cega; then falls into the Duero, over against Tordesillas. Baudrand. This River seems to be called Zarpardiel; and another that falls into it from the West, here called Cega, to be the Areva, or Eresma; but in the ancient Maps, that which falls by Segovia, is called Areva.

Eretria, an ancient Episcopal City of the Island of Negropont, now called Rocco. § A second, in the Province of Thessalia.

Erfurdt, Erfurt, Erford, Bi•urgium, Erphordium, Hercinophordia, a City in Thuringia in Germany, the Capital of that Province. It stands upon the River Iera, three Miles from Weimar West, fifteen from Franckfort to the South-West, Long. 31. 00. Lat. 51. 00. Of old called Mervigisburg, from Meroveus the first Christian King of France. There was a Mona•tery built here by Dagobert, another King of France, in the year 637. (after which it was called Petersberg;) and there is now a famed University▪ founded in 1392. There was a Council held here in 932. for the keeping the Festivals of the Apostles: in 1074. for the promoting Celibacy and Chastity, and the forbidding Concubinage amongst the Clergy, which had no good success. In 1163. it was walled. Rudolphus I▪ extinguished here a great Sedition in 1289. The Church of our Lady here was built in 1351. A Fire almost totally ruined this City in 1417. Since which it has been so nobly rebuilt and improved, that the people ordinarily say, Erford is not a City, but a Country. In 1514. Luther found here Jerom of Prague his Works, and published them. The Castle stands upon a Hill, where there was heretofore a Religious House. Gustavus King of Sweden took it at his coming into Germany: but in 1648. it returned into the obedience of the Bishop of Mentz, by the Treaty of Osnabruck. And because the inhabitants refused to submit to the said Bishop, the French assisted him to make himself Master of it in 1664. first having taken it from the Duke of Saxony; who had yet seventeen of ninety Villages (which did belong to it) assigned to him by the Treaty of Leipsick in 1665. in lieu of his Right and Pretences.

Ergel, Heraclea, a ruined City of Caria in the Lesser Asia, between Mount Cadmas to the South, the River Lycus to the East, and the Meander to the West; directly East of Ephesus. Ptolemy placeth it about an hundred English Miles from it.

Eridanus, the Po.

Erin. Ireland, in Irish.

Erissi, Erissus, a Town in the Isle of Lesbia.

Erlaph, Erlape, a River of the Lower Austria, which falls into the Danube.

Erma. See Herma.

Erne, Ravius, a Lake and River in the West of Ireland.

Erneo. See Irneo.

Erpach, Erpachum, a Town and County in Franconia in Germany, under its own Count, between the Rhine, the Mayne and the Necker; having the Territory of Geraw or Grawer on the West. This Count hath the privilege of a Seat in the general Diets of the Empire.

Erquico, Arquico or Ercoco, Er〈…〉 Adulis, a considerable Town and Port upon the Red Sea, in the Kingdom of Barnagasso in Africa, under the Turks; being a dependent of the Beglerbegship of Sua••en.

Errif, Errifis, a Province in the Kingdom of Fez in Barbary▪ lying along the Mediterranean Coast, between the Provinces of Habat to the West, and Garet to the East. § And a Mountain called of old Atlas Minor.

Erythaea, a small Island, of fame amongst the ancient Greek and Latin Poets, for the Story of King Geryon. But the Geographers have not agreed upon the place of it, whether betwixt Cadis and Spain, as Pliny; or upon the Coast of Portugal amongst the Barlinguas, as Mela and others would have it.

Erythraea, an ancient City of Ionia in Asia Minor, to the Sea: adorned since the times of Christianity with the Seat of a Bishop under the Archbishop of Ephesus. And famous in the Ages before, for the Sibylla of its Name; whose Verses not only condemn the multiplicity of Gods, (saying there is but One only, the Creator of all) but moreover speak so advantageously of the first and second coming of Christ, that some of them, repeated by Eusebius, make an Acrostick upon his name and quality under these words, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

Erythraeum Mare. See the Red Sea.

Erzerum, a City of the Greater Armenia, upon the Euphrates. It is the Seat of a Beglerbeg, and the most considerable place of Turcomania; supposed to be the Theodosopolis of the ancients, and otherwise called by Writers Aziris, Arzir••, Sinera, Senebra, &c.

Esaro, Ezaro, a River of Calabria.

Eschan•on, Scando, a River of Tourains.

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Eschwege, a Town in the Marquisate of Hassia in Germany, upon the River Werra, near the Confines of Thuringen: supposed to have been built by the Emperour Carolus Magnus, and after the ruining of it by the Hunns, to have been rebuilt by▪ the Emperour Henry II.

Escualt, See Schelde.

Escure, a Province of the Kingdom of Morrocco in Barbary; betwixt the River Hued-la-Abid to the East, the Mountain Verte to the North and West, and the River Tensift, with some parts of the Atlas, to the South. Fruitful in Corn and Pasturage.

Escurial, a Village in New Castile, upon the River Guadarna, seven Leagues from Madrid to the West, and twenty four from Toledo to the North; in which Philip II. King of Spain, built a Palace Royal, together with a most Magnificent Monastery, and a Stately Church in honour of S. Laurence, as a grateful Memorial of the Victory obtained against Henry II. King of France, at the Battel of S. Quintin in Picardy, In 1557. in which he spared no Expence that might contribute to the Magnificence and Ornament of it; insomuch as he is said to have spent twenty Millions of Gold on this Structure. And since that time, the Kings of Spain have been buried in a Noble Chappel here, called the Pantheon, from its being built in imitation of the Pantheon at Rome. The Emperour Charles V. lies interred in it. This Magnificent Fabrick suffered much by Fire in 1671. in which a vast Library perished.

Esfagues, Ruspae, a small City in the Kingdom of Tunis; it was a Bishops See, but now ruined.

Esino, Aesis, Esis, a River in the Marca Anconitana in Italy. It ariseth from the Appennine, and running East, washeth Jesi; then falls into the Adriatick Sea, one Mile North of Ancona. This was once the Northern Boundary of Italy.

Eskedale, Eskia, a County in Scotland, bounded by Cumberland on the South, Annandale on the West, Twedale on the North, and Tivedale on the East: it takes its Name from the River Esk, which runs through it, and falls into the Tees.

Eskihissar, Laodicea, a City of the Lesser Asia, upon the River Lycus, near its fall into the Meander: built by Antio•bus the Son of Stratonica, whose Wife being called Laodicea, gave this Name to the City: now totally ruined, and not inhabited; though once an Archbishops See, who had sixteen Suffragan Bishops under him. The Turkish Name it has, signifies the Old Castle. The Ruines of it shew it to have been a very great City, situate upon six or seven Hills, encompassing a large space of Ground, twenty Miles distant from Coloss to the North-East, and five from Hierapolis. It hath three Theatres of White Marble, as beautiful and intire, as if they were lately built; and a Circus as stately. But then the Town is totally desolate; inhabited by nothing but Wolves, Foxes and Chacals, a Den of Dragons, Snakes and Vipers: neither hath it the Title of an Archbishops See, (as Seignior Ferraro and others have affirmed): God having spit it out of his Mouth, as threatned in the Revolation, and made it an Example of his Justice and Veracity. See Mr. Wheeler p. 264. See Laudichia.

Esla, Estola, a River of the Kingdom of Leon. It washeth Leon and Benvento; and taking in the Orbico, falls into the Duero, between Samora to the East, and Miranda to the West.

Essing, Elsing or Eslingen, Ezelinga, Eslinga, a small Imperial and Free City, in the Dukedom of Wirtemburg in Schwaben in Germany, upon the River Necker; nine Miles from Spier to the South-East, and the same from Ʋlm to the North-West. This is now under the Protection of the Duke of Wirtemburg; ill built, and has suffered much in the late Wars.

Esne. See Aisne.

Esperies, Eperiae, a strong Town in the County of Sarax, in the Lower Hungary, upon the River Tarcza or Tarkz, towards the Carpathian Mountains and the Frontiers of the Kingdom of Poland. Obtained from the Turks since the present War.

Espernay, Sparnacum, Aspreniaoum, a Town upon the Marne, in the Province of Champagne in France, betwixt Chalon and Chateau-Thierry. It bath a famous Abbey of the Augustine Fryars standing in it.

Espinal, Spinalium, a small City in the Dukedom of Lorrain upon the Maes, four Leagues from the Confines of Burgundy to the North, and a little less from Remirmont. This Town hath suffered much in the Wars of this Age.

Espinoy, a Town in Flanders, betwixt Douay and L'Isle: ennobled with the Title of a Principality, and giving its Name to an Honourable House.

Esseck, Mursd, a Town and Castle in Sclavonia, at the Confluence of the Drave and the Danube, where great Actions have been done. The Town stands low, and the Streets are planked with Trees, as Dr. Brown assures us, who hath seen it. Upon one side of the Gate is part of a Roman Inscription, MAELIAN: on the other, a Maids Head of Stone. In or near this place, Constantius defeated Magnentius the Usurper, and Murtherer of Constantine II. in 359. The Town is great and populous, by reason of the Trade and Commerce on the account of the Passage. But not strong, and therefore the Turks have of late bestowed much cost and pains in fortifying it. In 1537. Solyman the Magnificent, assaulted it without Success. But that which is the great wonder, is the Bridge over the Drave, and the Marshes on both sides: this Bridge is five Miles over, having Rails on both sides, and Towers of Wood at every quarter of a Mile: built by Solyman the Magnificent in 1521. so soon as ever he had taken Belgrade: it is so broad, that three Wagons may go a breast, and all built of Oaken Timber. Count Nicholas Serini burnt part of it in 1664. which necessitated the Turks to build that part a little nearer the Danube, because they could not without great charges and difficulty pluck up the remainder of the Trees which the Water had preserved from the Fire. By this Bridge all the Turkish Armies use to pass between Hungary and Constantinople: near here, the unfortunate Lewis King of Hungary in 1526 was defeated, in attempting to stop Solyman's passage into his Kingdom. Count Lesly, Aug. 15. 1685. burnt it the second time, and possessed himself of the Town of Esseck; but the Castle holding out, he blew up their Magazines, plundered the Town, and left it. In 1686. the Turks began to build this Bridge after another way, by driving rows of Trees into the Earth, and filling up the space with Earth, that it might not be so subject to be ruined by Fire: but the Duke of Lorrain, June 15. 1687. put an end to this Work; drove the Turks over the Drave, and in a few days intirely ruined what eight thousand men had been many Months a building. Pursuing his design, and passing the Drave to take Esseck, he found the Prime Visier there posted with all the Forces he could raise very advantageously, with the Danube on the left, a Wood on the right, the Town and Drave behind, and a Morass before him; between which and his Camp, was a Dike twenty foot deep, forty broad, and two Miles long, strengthened with Palisadoes and Redoubts, with sixty thousand men within it, and one hundred Cannon: whereupon the Duke retreated, June 20. and repassed the Drave at Siclos. See Mohatz. After the unfortunate taking of Belgrade by the Turks,

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October 1690. they set down immediately with an Army of fifteen thousand Men before this Place, but retired without Success.

Essedones or Issedones, an ancient People of Scythia, whose Capital Town was Issedon, now called Caracoran. Herodotus says of them, that they used to eat the dead bodies of their Parents, reserving the head to be set in Gold and made the object of their annual Sacrifices.

Essekebe, or Esquib, Essequebia, one of the principal Rivers of South America. It ariseth in Guiana, near to the Lake of Parime; and running Eastward, to improve its Streams, by the addition of many smaller Rivers, it falls into the North Sea, near Meapuer. In Long. 318. The Dutch, who have many Plantations upon it, call it by this name.

Essex, Essexia, is a County in the East of England, inhabited heretofore in part by the Trinobantes: bounded on the North by Suffolk and Cambridgeshire: on the West by Hartford and Middlesex; on the South by Kent; and on the East by the German Sea: The principal City in it is Colchester. This Country is very fruitful, full of Noblemen and Gentlemens Houses. The principal Rivers, which water it, are the Stour, that divideth it from Suffolk; the Thames from Kent, the Ley from Middlesex, and the Little Stour from Hartfordshire; which besides their fruitful Meadows, and the convenience of Carriage, afford it plenty of Fish: besides these, there is the Ill, the Crouch, the Chelme, the Blackwater and the Colne, which arise and fall within this Country; and many of them are great Rivers. There are many smaller ones, whose Names cannot be taken in here. This County gave the Title of Earl to the Families of the Mandeviles, the Bohuns, the Bourchiers, Thomas Lord Cromwell, William Lord Parre, before it came to the D'Eureuxe's. Robert d'Eurex, Viscount Hereford, General of the Parliaments Army against Charles I. dying Septem. 13. 1646. and his Son Robert an Infant, before the Restitution of Charles II. Arthur Capel, Baron of Hadham, was created Earl of Essex, and Viscount Malden, April 20. 1661. and made Lord Lieutenant in Ireland in 1672. He perished miserably in the Tower. His Son then an Infant, succeeded him in this Honor.

Esslingen. See Esling.

Essone, Exona, a small River and Village in the Isle of France. The Town stands five Miles from Paris to the South-West, and one from Corbeile to the West.

Estampes, Stampae, a Town and Dutchy in Beausse in France. The Town stands upon a River of the same Name, ten Leagues from Paris to the South, and sixteen from Orleans to the North: mentioned in Georgius Turonensis, Aimonius, and other French Historians. It is placed on the Some, at the Confluence of another small River, which is sometimes called l'Yone, and sometimes La riviere d'Estampes. There is a Collegiate Church, and divers Religious Houses standing in it: but the Castle was ruined in 1652. This Town was created first an Earldom in 1327. by Charles IV. King of France. Then a Dukedom in 1536. by King Francis I. And has been many times honoured not only with French Synods, but with the Assemblies of the States. The Huguenotts took it by Scalade in 1567.

Estaples, Stabulae, Stapulae, a Sea-Port-Town in the County of Boulogne in Picardy; sixteen Miles North of Dieppe, and ten from Calais South.

Este, or Est, Ateste, a Town in the Dominion of the State of Venice, mentioned by Pliny and Tacitus, which was once a Bishops See, under the Patriarch of Aquileia. It stands in the District of Padua, upon the little Medoacus, or the River Bachiglione; which washing the Walls of Vicenza and Este, falls into the Venetian Gulph, twelve Miles from Padua to the South. The Dukes of Modena in Italy (of which Illustrious House, Mary, Consort to King James II. is) take their Name from this Place; who were before a great while Dukes of Ferrara, Modena and Regio: Now, only of Modena. See the History of the Family of Este written in Italian by Jean Baptist• Pigna, and in English by Mr. Crawford.

Esteing, an ancient Barony in the Province of Rouergne in France, since advanced to an Earldom. It gives Name to an Honourable Family, that by the concession of Philip the August in the year 1214. as a reward for the noble actions of one of their Ancestors, bears the same Coat of Arms with the Crown.

Estella, or Stella, a small City in the Kingdom of Navarr, upon the River Ega, where it receives the Vreder; eight Miles from Pampelona to the South, and the same from Calahorra to the North. Built in the year 1094. It is the Capital of the Territory called la Merindada de Estella.

Estepa. Astapa, a City or great Town in Andalusia in Spain, seated upon a Hill, in the Confines of the Kingdom of Granada; about twelve Miles from Malaga to the North, and seventeen from Sevil to the South-East. This sprung out of the ruines of Astapa, an old Iberian City, or Phoenician Colony; which being besieged by Marcellus, a Roman General, the Inhabitants burnt themselves with their Wives and Children and all they had, that they might not fall into the hands of the Romans, as Livy saith.

Cstoiteland, Estotilandia, a great Tract of Land in the North of America, towards the Actick Circle, and Hudson's Bay, having New France on the South, and James's Bay to the West. This is a part of Canada; now commonly called New Britain, and Terra Laboratoris. The first of the American Shoars which was discovered; being found by some Friesland Fishers, that were driven hither by a Tempest, almost two hundred years before Columbus. In 1390. Nicolas and Antonius Zeni, two Brothers that were Venetian Gentlemen, at the Charges of Zichini King of Friesland, took a view the second time of these Shoars. John Skoluo a Polonian in 14•6. about eighty six years after the first discovery, sailing past Norway, Greenland and Friesland, and entering into the Streight beyond the Artick Circle, arrived at this Country. Which is Mountainous, overgrown with Woods, full of all manner of wild and savage Beasts, and only known as to the Shoars; but yet the Soil is fruitful, Hofman.

Estouteville, a Town in the Ʋpper Normandy in France, advanced to the quality of a Dukedom by King Francis I. in 1538. There is a Noble Family deriving their Name from it.

Estremadura, Extremadura, is a Province of the Kingdom of Portugal, at the Mouth of the Tagus, upon the Western Ocean: bounded on the North by Beira, on the West and South it has the Ocean, and on the East the rest of Portugal. The principal City is Lisbon, the Capital of the Kingdom; and as for this Province, it is divided into six Counties, which they call Comarcaes. § There was anciently another Province called La Estremadura de Castilla, because it was Extrema Durii; for on the North it was bounded by the Durius, or Douero, a great River of Spain; on the West it was separated from the Kingdom of Leon, by the Rivers Heban and Rigamon; from thence it extended by the Rivers Guadarrama, which washeth Madrid and Somosierra, to the Fountains of the River Douero: so that it was one hundred Spanish Leagues in compass, and Segovia was the Capital of this Province: but as Ximines saith, after it was united to Castile, it lost the Name, which in after times was given to others.

Etsch, Athesis, a River of Italy, called by the Italians, Adige; by the Germans, Etch. It springeth out of Mount Brenna, one of the highest of the Alpine Mountains in Tirol; and passing through a Territory of Etschlender, which takes its Name from it, it leaves Meran and Bolsano (considerable Towns) on the East; turning South, it takes in the Rivers Eisock (which falls by Brixen), Neves and Lavisium; then watereth the famous City of Trent, beneath which it admits Perzene, and so goes on to Verona, which it divides in its passage; and passing Legnano, Rovigo and Anguilara, it falls into the Adriatick Sea by Porto di Fossone, in later Maps called Porto di l'Adige; eighteen Miles South of Venice, and three North of the Mouth of the Po.

Etna, Aetna, a Mountain in the East of Sicily, which perpetually belcheth out Fire and Smoak: called by the Italians, il Mongibello; by the French, Le Mont Gibel; by the Arabians, Gibel; that is, the Mountain. It is the greatest as well as the most known Mountain in all Sicily, in the Diocese of Catanea, nine Miles high, and fifty in compass; and at the opening or Mouth of it at the top, twenty four furlongs wide. The South side is planted with Vines, the North overgrown with Woods; on the East from the Top of it to Catanea it is all cultivated, and employed to one use or another. At some times it rageth more than at others: particularly in 1169. 1329. (when it had not flamed of many years before,) 1408. 1444. 1447. 1536. 1554. 1566. 1579. At which last time it damaged Catanea, and its Fields, more than usual. But the greatest Rage was in 1669, when it sent out four Rivers of melted Earth, Stones and Rocks; which from the top descended down its sides, through the Fields, into the Sea; and there maintained their Torrent a Mile in the Waters, before they were able to tame these raving and furious Sons of Vulcan. Not only the City of Catanea apprehended a sudden and inevitable Ruine, but Men thought the whole Island of Sicily would have been destroyed; and that by degrees the Fire would have melted the whole Rock, upon which the Island is founded: however, it destroyed fifteen Castles or great Houses, and did an inestimable Mischief. Yet the top of this Mountain is often covered with Snow and Ice; and the two most contrary things in Nature seem here to unite, of which Claudian Lib. I. de Rapt. Proserp.<blockquote>Sed quamvis nimio fervens exuberat aestu, Scit nivibus servare fidem, pariterque favillis.</blockquote>Eu, Augum, Augae, La Ville d'Eu, a considerable Town on the Coast of Normandy, upon the River Bresle, near the Confines of Picardy, six Miles North of Dieppe, and about a League from the Sea. Here of old were the Essui, a People of Gaul. It is honoured now with the Title of an Earldom, and with an ancient Abbey, and a College of the Jesuites.

Eubaea. See Negropont.

Eucarpia, an ancient Town of Phrygia in Asia Minor, famed for Grapes, in bigness, exceeding those of Canaan.

Evenlode, a small River of Oxfordshire.

Evershot, a Market Town in Dorsetshire, in ••l. lerford Hundred.

Evesham, or Evesholm, a Market Town in Wercestershire in the Hundred of B•akenhu•st, with a Bridge over the Avon. It is esteemed next to Worcester the best in the County: contains two or three Parishes, and drives a good Trade; and has the honour of chusing two Burgesses for the Parliament.

Euganei, an ancient People of the Alpes, betwixt the Lake of Coma and the River Etsch; whereof the Sarunetes were a branch, and the most considerable: dwelling about Chiavenne and the Valtolme.

Eugubio. See Gubio.

Euphrates, though I have discoursed shortly of this River already in the word Aferat, yet because I then wanted some Books that were necessary to give a full account of it, I will here enlarge upon what I there omitted. The first City of Note it washeth, is Baberd; the second Ezrum, so far as it runs West; then it turns South, and passeth by Arzingan and Maaraz, where it takes in Cobaqueb; and over against Ʋrpha, it receives a River which comes from Aleppo; so passing Bir, Rasseca, Belis, Chabuca, as far as Alchabar, it takes in from the East Soaid; and a little lower at Waset and Olim, falls into the Tigris: thus our latest Maps describe the Course of this vast River. The Learned Bochartus saith out of Pliny, Lib. 5. Cap. 26. that eighty three Miles beneath Zeugma, at Massicen, the Euphrates is divided; and on the left hand (the East) it goes into Mesopotamia by Selucia, a little beneath which, it entereth the Tigris. Ptolomy Lib. 5. Cap. 18. agrees with Pliny in this: then he mentions another Branch by the Name of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, the Kings River, or Cut: which by the Arabians is called Amelic; and by Ammianus, Naar-Malcha; which he interprets too the King's River, Lib. 24. which Abidenus saith, was digged by the Order of Nabuchodonozor. Pliny tells us, the reason of this Cut was to prevent the Drowning of Babylon in great Floods. More to the South was a third Branch, which went into the Tigris and Sur, upon which the great Babylon stood by the confession of Ptolomy, though in his Maps it is placed on the second. There was a fourth Branch went to the West, called Kulpa, now Cufa, about the Name of which they are not agreed; but the use of it was to fill a vast Lake on the West of Babylon. Now as to these Branches, the Arabian Geographers agree in these Divisions as still extant. And yet that Branch which went through Babylon, Theodoret saith, was very small, and perhaps now intirely lost. The first and second of the Eastern Branches are represented in our later Maps; and the Western Branch at Cufa; which appear all like Rivers running into the Euphrates, when as indeed they are Branches going out of it. The first is that which the Maps call Zab Major; the second has no Name, but it ought to pass streight to Bagdet; and that which is now the main Stream, seems to have forced its way in a new Channel, after the other was lost and dammed up by Time: the Lakes also to the West which were designed to receive the Waters in times of great Inundations, are filled up by the Mud and Sand, brought down by the River. However that Branch that runs to Cufa, never comes to any Sea, but is lost in the Sands of Arabia; and has turned the fruitful Plains of Babylon into a mere Morass or Bogg, unpassable, uninhabitable. This is the sum of what Mr. Bochart has related more at large. Both Pliny and Strabo agree, that it yearly overflows as the Nile does, and much about the same time; which Inundation has the same effect, as to the sertility of Mesopotamia, that the overflowing of the Nile has upon Egypt. M. Thevenot who crossed it at Bir, saith, it is in Semur not bigger than the Seine at Paris; though its Bed is twice as big. The Waters of it run very slowly, and are Navigable, as far as to the place where it joins the Tigris.

Evisse. See Ivica.

Evora, Ebora, is a very considerable City in Portugal in Alentejo; a Province of that Kingdom beyond the Tagus, (Taio) twenty Miles from Lisbon to the South-East. Long. 09. 00. Lat. 38. 11. This was anciently a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Merida, and afterward of Compostella. But Pope Paul III. at the desire of John III. King of Portugal in 1540. raised it to the Honor of a Metropolis; and Henry, the first Archbishop, who of a Cardinal became King of Portugal, made it an University. There is a Court of Inquisition kept here.

Evora Monte, a small Place five Leagues from the former Evora to the North-East, where the Portuguese gave the Spaniards a great overthrow in 1663.

Eure, Ebura, Autura, a River of France, sometimes called Yeure. It ariseth in la Perche, in the Wood Logni: and running Eastward through Beausse, it watereth Chartres; turning Northward, Nogent le Roy, Dreux, Jury, (famous for the Victory of Henry IV. over the Leaguers in 1590.) Passy, Eureux; at last it entereth the Seine at Ponte de P'arche, ten Miles above Caudebec. The rich and fruitful Valley D'Eure, has its Name from this River, and also Eureux in Normandy; and from one of these three, the Noble FAmily of d'Eureux lately Earls of Essex, now Viscounts of Hereford, take their Names. § Eure, a River in Berry. See Aure.

Eureux, Ebroica, Eburonicum, Mediolanum Aul•rcorum, a City in Ʋpper Normandy, upon the River Iton (which afterwards falls into the Eure), and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Rouen. Beautified with a great number of Churches and Monasteries: It is a place of good Antiquity, and a delightful Situation: heretofore subject to Counts of its own, who ceded it to King Philip the August in the year 1200. Charles IX. King of France erected it into a Dukedom in 1569. See Eure.

Euripus, called by the Ancient Latins, Euripus Euboicus and Chalcidicus, by the Italians, Stretto di Negroponte, by the Inhabitants now Egripos, is a Canal of the Aegean Sea, betwixt the Region of Boeotia in Achaia, and the Island of Negropont; so narrow in the narrowest passage, as to be covered with a Draw-Bridge of five Arches. And here, the inconstancy of its Flux and Reflux appears the most visibly: that is, whereas for eighteen or nineteen days in every Moon, Winter and Summer, in all Weathers, it regularly ebbs and flows twice in twenty four or twenty five hours with the Ocean and the Gulph of Venice, it most irregularly ebbs and flows for other eleven days in every Moon, 11, 12, 13, 14. times in the same compass of twenty four or twenty five hours. See Negroponte. The Bridge is defended by a Castle built by the Venetians.

Eurotas. See Iris. § It is also the ancient Name of a River of Thessalia, said by Homer, Strabo and Pliny, to glide upon the Top of the River Peneus (to which it runs) without mixing of Waters.

Eurymedon, a River of Pamphylia in Asia Minor, memorable for the Victory obtained by Simon, the Son of Miltiades, over the Persians upon the Banks of it. An. Romae, 284.

Euston, a small Town in the County of Suffolk, upon the Banks of the little Ouse, in a fair Champaigne Country. Deserving to be particularly taken notice of for the beautiful Euston-Hall, of the building of the late Earl of Arlington, and the Curiosities that are to be seen about it. In 1672. King Charles II. advanced this place to the Dignity of an Earldom in the Person of the late Duke of Grafton, upon his Marriage with the only Daughter of the said Earl of Arlington.

Ewel, a Market Town in the County of Surrey in the Hundred of Copthorn.

Ex, Isca, is a River of England: it ariseth in Somersetshire, and passing by Winesford, it takes in Dunsbrook River, or Creden from Dulverton on the West; then entering Devonshire, it runs directly South to Tiverton; where it takes in Loman River from the East; at St•cke it takes in Columb on the same side, and a little lower Credy from the West; then incompassing a great part of the North, West, and South of Exeter, a little lower it admits Clyst on the East, and Ken on the West; and so entereth the British Sea by a large Mouth.

Exeter, Isca, Isca Dunmoniorum, Exonia, is the principal City of Devonshire; called by the Welsh Caerisk, Caerrudh, and Pencaer, that is, the Principal City: Seated on the Eastern Bank of the River Ex, in a barren Soil, upon the Advantage of a small Hill, declining East and West; having a Dike, and a strong Wall for its Safety; in Compass about a Mile and a half, with extended Suburbs. There are in it fifteen Churches; and in the highest Part of the City, near the East Gate, a Castle, which of old was the Seat of the West Saxon Kings, and afterwards of the Earls of Cornwal; and near this, the Cathedral built by King Athelstan, in Honour of S. Peter. Edward the Confessor settled the Bishop's See here, which he removed from Kirton. It fell not into the Hands of the Saxons till four hundred sixty five years after their first coming over, viz. Anno Christi 914. when Athelstan banished the Britains, and fortified the City, and built the Cathedral. This City joining with the Rebels in 1640. was taken for the King by Prince Maurice, September 4. 1643. And being Garrisoned for the King, was again surrendred to the Parliament upon Terms, April 13. 1646. The Honourable John Cecil is Earl of Exeter, and the fifth of his Family; he succeded John Cecil his Father, in 1667. The Title of Marquess of Exeter was heretofore conferred by King Henry VIII. upon Henry Courtney, Earl of Devonshire: And likewise of Duke, by Henry V. upon Thomas Beaufort, Earl of Dorset; and by Richard II. upon John Holland, Earl of Huntington. The present Bishop of this Diocese, is the forty sixth since the Removal of this See from Kirton, about 1149. The sixty seventh from Aedulphus, who about 905. was made the first (at least Saxon) Bishop of Devonshire.

Extremadura. (See Estremadura.) § A Province of the Kingdom of Susa in Africa, near the Atlantick Ocean, and the Mountains of Atlas, in the Southern Borders of Morocco.

Extremos, a small Town upon the River Tera (which comes to fall into the Tajo) near Evora and Elvas, in the Province of Alentejo, in the Kingdom of Portugal.

Extuca, a Province in the Kingdom of Morocco, in Barbary; extended along the Sea Coast, towards the Mountain Atlas, and the Frontiers of Biledulgeridia.

Eychstat. See Aichstadt.

Eyder, Eidera, Egidora, a River of Denmark which ariseth above Rendsburgh; and dividing Holstein and Dithmarsh from the Dukedom of Sleswick, falls into the German Ocean at Tonning. This River denominates the Territory of Eyderstede in the said Dutchy.

Eye, or Eaye, Insula, a small Corporation in the County of Suffolk, near the Borders of Norfolk; so called, saith Mr Camden, because it is an Island; where are to be seen the Ruins of an old Castle which belonged to Robert Mallet, a Norman Baron; and of an ancient Benedictine Abbey, called S. Peter's. This Town has been given in Jointure with the Queens of England. After many other Changes in this Honour, Sir Frederick Cornwallis, (descended lineally from Sir John Cornwallis, Steward of the Houshold to Edward VI. and Sir Thomas Cornwallis, one of the Privy-Counsellors to Queen Mary, and Comptroller of her House,) was April 20. 1661. made Baron Cornwallis of Eye, by Charles II. to whose Interest and Service being ever entirely addicted, in the worst of Times, he had the Honour to be the second Coronation Baron; to whom succeeded Charles Lord Cornwallis his Son, who dying in 1673. Charles, the second of this Family, his Son, succeeded, and is now living. By the Favour of this Family (as I have heard), this small Corporation obtained its Charter, and the Honour of sending two Burgesses to the House of Commons: Otherwise the Place is very small and inconsiderable. It stands twelve Miles from Ipswich to the North, and seventeen from Norwich to the South, and in the Road between those two Places.

Eyerlandt. See Aland.

Eyndhoven, Endova, is a fine Town in the Territory of Kempen, upon the River Bommele; four Leagues from Boisleduc to the South, and almost the same from Helmont to the West. It had a College of Canons, and belonged to the Count de Buren. This is the Capital of that part of Kempen which lies in Brabant, and fell into the Hands of the Hollanders, in 1629. after they had taken Boisleduc, by a Siege of four Months Continuance; and they are still in Possession of it.

Eysenack, Isenachum, a small City in Thuringia, upon the River Nesa; eight Miles from Erford to the West. The River Nesa, a little below it, is taken into the VVerra. The Name of this City is written sometimes nearer the Latin, Isenach. It is under the Dominion of a Prince of the House of Saxony, the Duke of Weimar, with a small Territory belonging thereto. And has the Honour to be both a Dukedom and an University, which last was founded in the Year 1555.

=== F A (Book f) ===
FAenza, Faventia, a small City of Romandiola, in Italy, upon the River Lamone, (Anemo,) which falls into the Adriatick Sea; three Miles South of the Mouth of the Po; between Imola to the North and Forli to the South; twenty Miles from Ravenna to the West. It is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Ravenna; and under the Dominion of the Pope; only famous for Earthen Ware. The French call it Faience.

Faience, Faventia, a small City in Provence in France, upon the River Benzon; three Leagues from Grasse to the West, and six from the Mediterranean Sea. The Bishops of Frejus are Lords of it. The French call Faenza in Italy, Faience.

Faire-Foreland, Robodigum, the most North-East Country of Ireland, in the County of Antrim, in the Province of Ʋlster.

Faire-Isle, a Rock in the Caledonian Sea, between the Orkneys and Shetland; in which is the Castle Dumo.

Fairford, a Market-Town in Gloucestershire, in the Hundred of Brittlesbarrough.

Fakenham, a Market-Town in the County of Norfolk, in the Hundred of Gallow.

Falaise, Fallesia, Falesia, a Town in Normandy,

=== descriptionPage 139 ===
upon the River Ante, (which falls into the Dive at Morteaux,) seven Leagues from Caen to the South, and four from Argentan to the North-West. The principal Seat and Garrison of the first Dukes of Normandy. William the Conqueror, Natural Son of Robert II. Duke of Normandy, was born here. This Place was taken by the English from the French in 1417. There is now a round high Tower standing in it.

Cape Falcon, a Promontory, West of Oran, in Barbary.

Falconara, Assinarius, a River of Sicily: It flows by the Town of Noto, and falls into the Ionian Sea, between the Cape of Passaro, (Pachynum,) and the City of Syracuse; ten Miles from the Cape to the North, and twenty five from the City to the South. This River is made famous by the Defeat of the Athenian Forces here by the Syracusans, in the Year of the World 3537. which Victory being gained by the Assistance of the Lacedemonians, they took the Advantage of it, and at last, in 3546. took Athens, under Lysander.

Faleria, Faleris, a ruined City of the Province of Tuscany in Italy, mentioned by the Ancients. The Episcopal See, which it possessed formerly, was transferred to Civita Castellana, a City built nigh the Ruins of this.

Falernus, a Mountain of Campagna di Roma in Italy; famous for the excellent Wines growing upon it, which animated the ancient Poets so often to sing its Praises.

Falisci, an ancient People of Hetruria in Italy, who made War a considerable time with the Romans their Neighbours, till reduced by Camillus in the Year of Rome 360. They are said to have come hither out of Macedonia. The Capital of their Dominions was the ancient Faleria.

Falkenburg, or Valkenburg, a small Town in Brabant, upon the River Geule; two Leagues from Maestricht to the East, and four from Aquisgrane. It was under the Dominion of the Hollanders till 1672. when it was taken by the French and dismantled: But in 1678. returned under them again with Maestricht. This Town is called by the French Fauquemont; and in Antoninus his Itinerary, Coriovallum.

Falkland, a small Town in Scotland in the County of Fife; beautified with an ancient Retiring House of their Kings; and very commodious for the Pleasure of Hunting.

Fallekoping, or Falcoping, Falcopia, a Town in the Province of Westrogothia in the Kingdom of Sweden, five or six Leagues from Scaren.

Falmouth, Voluba, a noble Haven on the South of Cornwal, as great as Brundusium in Italy, and as safe: an hundred Ships may ride in it, out of sight each of other; secured by two Castles at its entrance, built by Henry VIII. In 1664. Charles II. Created Charles Lord Barkley, Earl of Falmouth, who was slain at Sea June 2. 1665. George Fitz-Roy, now Duke and Earl of Northumberland, was Created Vicount Falmouth, by the same Prince, Octob. 1. 1673. The old Roman Town Voluba, from which it had its name, is now totally ruined and gone; it stood higher up into the Land upon the River Valle, over against Tregony.

Falster, Falstria, Insula Dianae, an Island in the Baltick Sea, on the South of the Isle of Zeeland, from which it is parted only by a narrow Channel called Groene-Sund. It has one Town call'd Nykoping; and gives name to a good Family in Denmark.

Faluga-diabete, a small Island belonging to Sardinia; on the West of that Island.

Famagosta, Fama Augusta, called by the French Famagouste, is a very strong City in the Island of Cyprus, on the Eastern Shoar; which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Nicosia, and was of old called Arsinoe. This City has a large and a safe Port: And was taken by the Genouese in 1370. By the Venetians about 1470. and by the Turks from the Venetians, in the Year 1571. after a Siege of ten Months.

Famar, or Fanar, a Town at the Entrance of the Black Sea, in Thrace; four German Miles North of Constantinople.

Famar, Arietis Frons, Criumetopon, the most Southern Cape of the Little or Krim Tartary, Tanricia; which lies an hundred and fifty Miles from Constantinople to the North-East.

Famastro, Amastrus, a City upon the Euxine or White Sea, upon the East Side of the River Dolap, fifty Miles from Scutari East, and the same from Amasia North-West. It grew up out of the Ruins of four neighbouring Cities, to a vast greatness.

Fanar, Acheron, a River, and Town of Epirus.

Fanari-Kiosc, a Royal Pleasure House belonging to the Grand-Seignior, one League Distant from Constantinople and Galata; at the Entrance of the Streights of Constantinople; near the Port of Chalcedon in Natolia. Built by Solyman II. Vessels arriving upon this Coast by Night are lightned by a Fanal from hence.

Fano, Fanum Fortunae, an Episcopal City in the States of the Church, in the Dukedom of Ʋrbino. but not of it; twenty Miles from Ʋrbino to the East, and thirty seven from Ancona to the North. This was the Country of Clement VIII. his Father, a Florentine, living here as an Exile. The Temple of Fortune, which the Romans built in Memory of their Victory over Asdrubal, the Brother of Hannibal, in the Year of Rome 547. (wherein they slew Asdrubal himself, with 50000 Men) did stand near this City.

Fanshere, a River in the Island of Madagascar.

Fantin, a small Kingdom in Guiney, in Africa, where the English and Dutch have some Castles.

Fanu, an Island near Corfu to the North-West.

Fara, Pharan, a City and Mountain in the Stony Arabia, upon the Red-Sea; twenty Miles from Sues South, and from Eltor North, over against Dacata in Aegypt.

Farfar, Fabris, a small River in the State of the Church: It riseth near a Castle called Capo Farfar; and running to the North-East, it watereth a Monastery of the same Name; then falls into the Tibur. § Farfar, Farfaro, Fer, Orontes, a River of Syria, which ariseth from Mount Libanus; and running Northward, it watereth Apamia and the great Antioch; then falls into the Mediterranean.

Farham, a Market-Town in the County of Southampton. The Capital of its Hundred.

Faribo, Helicon, Haliarkmon, one of the most considerable Rivers of Macedonia; which rising out of the Mountains of Albania, and traversing the whole breadth of that Kingdom, from thence falls into the Bay of Thessalonica from the West, thirteen German Miles from Thessalonica to the South.

Farima, a City of Japan, eighteen Spanish Leagues from Meaco to the West; which is under the King of Japan now, but had heretofore a Prince of its own.

Faringdon, a Market-Town in Berkshire. The Capital of its Hundred.

Farne, an Island on the Coast of Northumberland, in the German Ocean; two Miles from Bamburg Castle; where S. Cuthbert built him an Hermitage, in which he took care to see nothing but Heaven, as Bede saith.

=== descriptionPage 140 ===
Farneto, a Castle in the Dukedom of Florence in Italy, near Orvietto: Whence the Family of the Farnese, with a little Variation, is believed to derive their Name.

Farnham, a Market-Town in the County of Surrey. The Capital of its Hundred. Watered by the River Wey; and graced with the Episcopal Seat of the Bishop's of VVinchester. King Alfred made a great Slaughter of the Danes, in a Victory over them, here.

Faro, Pharus, a City of Spain, in Algarva, upon the Ocean, between Cape S. Vincent to the West, and the Mouth of the Guadiana to the East, near the Cape of S. Mary; seven Miles from Silves to the South-East.

Faro di Messina, Fretum Mamertinum, the Streight between Sicily and Italy.

Farsa, Pharsalus, a City of Thessalia, where the fate of the Empire of the World was determined, between Cesar and Pompey, by Battel. In some later Maps called Farsato.

Farsi, Persia.

Farso, a Town in Carmania, over against the Eastern Cape of Cyprus, 7 German Miles from the Mediterranean Sea; in Asia the Less.

Fartach. See Fertach.

Fasso, Phasis, a River in Mengrelia.

Fatigar, a Kingdom in Africa, which belonged formerly to the King of Ethiopia; between the great Lake of Arpen to the East, the Mountains of Felles to the North, the Kingdom of Olabi to the West, and that of Bara to the South; between 60. and 70. and 10 North Latitude.

Favagnana, Aegathos, Aegusa, Aethusa, an Island on the West of Sicily, near Cape Trepano, under the King of Spain; which has a Bay fit to receive the greatest Navies, near to which Luctatius Catulus the Consul gave the Carthaginians their last blow at Sea.

Faudoas, a Town and Castle in the Province of Gascoigne in France, adorned with the Title of a Barony, and giving its name to an honorable Family.

Fayal, one of the Azores in the Atlantick Ocean, under the Portuguese: little, but fruitful: having a Town of the same name, with others, in it.

Feldkirck, Feldkirkia, a small but well peopled Town in the Province of Tirol in Germany, upon the River Ill, towards the Frontiers of Switzerland. It is also written Widkirch, and carries the honor to be an Earldom.

Felin, or Welin, Felinum, a City of Livonia, upon the River Felin, in Esthonia, 150 Miles North of Riga; which has a strong Castle in it. In this place William of Furstemburgh, Master of the Teutonick Order, was betrayed by his own Subjects to the King of Sweden, in 1650. who has ever since possessed it.

Fella, Carnicum Julium, a Castle in Friuli, but on the Confines of Carniola, under the Venetians.

Felles, a Ridge of Mountains in Africa, extending from the North-East to the South-West, on the North of Egypt. See Fatigar.

Fello, Phellos, a City of Lycia, East of the River Xanthus, (or Lycus,) and West of the Chelidonii Scopuli, on the Shoars of Asia the Less.

Feltri, Feltria, a City in the Marchia Tarvisina, under the Commonwealth of Venice, upon the River Asona, which soon after falls into the Piave; forty two Italian Miles from Trent to the East. This is a Bishops See, under the Patriarch of Aquileja; and has been under the Venetians ever since 1404. Sometime written Feltre.

Femeren, Femerae, Fimeria, a small Island in the Baltick Sea, on the Shoars of Holstein, and Wagria, from which it is distant only four Miles: made famous by a Naval Victory, obtained by the Danes over the Swedes and Hollanders, in 1645.

Fenesia, Psillis, a River of Bithynia, in the Lesser Asia.

Ferden, Verda, a City of the Lower Saxony, called also Verden, which is the Capital of a Duchy of the same name; and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Mentz, by the institution of Charles the Great: It stands upon the River Aller, six Miles from Bremen to the East, and twelve from Hamburgh to the South: of old a Free Imperial City, afterwards subject to its own Bishop; but in the Treaty of Westphalia, it was given to the Swedes, who are still possessed of it: the Bishop of this City imbraced the Augustane Confession in 1568. The Dukes of Lunenburgh seized it in 1676. but were forced to restore it in 1679. to the Swedes.

La Fere, Fara, a strong City upon the River Oyze, in Picardy, in the Tract of Tierache, five Miles from S. Quintin to the South, and 4 from Laon to the North: it stands in a Morass, and was retaken by Hen. IV. after the Spaniards had gained it from the French.

La Fere Champenoise, a City of Champaigne in France, between the Seyne to the South, and the Marne to the North, eight Miles from Chalons to the South. § There is another called La Fere en Tardenois, in this Province too, in the middle between Melun to the West, and Reimes to the East.

Ferentino, or Fiorentino, Ferentinum, a City of Campagnia in Italy, under the Pope, which is a Bishops See, under none but him: It lies forty Italian Miles from Rome to the South, and eight from the Confines of the Kingdom of Naples to the North: a small place built on an Hill.

Ferento, Ferentiae, an antient City, ruined, of Hetruria in Italy, near Viterbo and Montefiascone. It had been an Episcopal See, before those of Viterbo destroyed it, upon an account of Heresie in 1074.

Ferenzuola or Fierenzuola, an Episcopal City in the Capitanata, in the Kingdom of Naples. Adorned with a famous Abbey, and made remarkable in antient History by the Victory of Sylla over M. Carbo here in the year of Rome 672.

Fermanagh, Fermanagensis Comitatus, a County of Ʋlster in Ireland, in which lies Earne, the greatest Lake in that Kingdom. There is never a City or Town of note in this County; and therefore it need be no further considered.

Fermo. See Firmiana.

Fernes, Fernae, a City in the County of Wexford in Ireland, with an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Cashel now, but formerly of Dublin.

Feroe Islands. See Foeroe.

Ferrandina, a Town in the Kingdom of Naples, in the Basilicate, upon the River Basiento; 18 Miles from the Sea to the West, and 12 from Matera to the South-West: built by Ferdinando, Duke of Calabria, Son of Alphonsus II. King of Naples; and since honored with the Title of a Dukedom.

Ferrara, Ferraria, a City of Italy, under the Dominion of the Pope, and the Capital of the Dukedom of Ferrara; which under the Family of Este, was so improved and augmented, that it became one of the best Cities of all Italy: made a Bishops See by Pope Vitaliano: 30 Miles from Bologna. It was so small in the time of Theodosius junior, that it was called Ferrariola, the little Ferrara: It stands on the smallest branch of the Po, (Po Morto,) from which there is a cut of six Miles, as far as Francolino Westward, for promoting of Trade; but since 1598, when it came into the Popes hands, this City has been decaying; which the Castle built by Clement

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VIII. has not been able to prevent, though that Pope placed there his Image, with this inscription; Ne recedente Pado Ferrariae Fortitudo recederet, Martem Neptuno substituit; that is, Least the recess of the Po should weaken Ferrara, he has brought Mars to supply the want of Neptune. His Holiness was however mistaken, as the event has shewn; for Neptune and Mercury, tending equally to the wealth and welfare of a City, are much more auspicious Patrons than Mars. There was a League made here against the Protestants in 1586. The Council of Florence was begun here in 1438; (after a declaration of the dissolution of that of Basil made by P. Eugenius IV.) John Paleologus VII. Emperour of Constantinople, with his Patriarch, being personally present An University was settled by Frederick I. in aversion to Bononia, about 1316. The Dukedom of Ferrara, is a part of Romandiola: bounded by the Peninsula of Rodighnia; (which formerly belonged to this Dukedom, but was taken from it by the Venetians in 1500.) on the West, by the Dukedom of Mantona; on the South by Romandiola, properly so called; and on the East by the Adriatick Sea. It was under the Family de Este, from 1336. to 1598. when upon the death of Alphonsus II. without Heirs Males, it was seized by Pope Clement VIII. as Lord of the Fee, against the pretensions of that Branch de Este, which are now Dukes of Mantoua; a Dukedom then a dependent on this of Ferrara. The Tract adjacent, called Ferrarese, assumes its name from it.

Ferreri, or the Island of Iron, is the most Western of all the Canary Islands: and more particularly mentioned by Writers for a tree, supplying the Inhabitants with water (whereof there is none elsewhere in all the Island), by a distillation from its branches. Pet. Martyr, le Blanc, Thevet, &c.

Ferrete. See Pfirt.

Ferriers, Ferraria, a small Town in the Territory de Gastinois, towards the Confines of Senois; two Leagues from Montargis to the North, and twenty three from Paris to the South; which has a very famous Monastery in it.

Ferro, Calycadnus, a River in Cilicia.

Fertach, Syagros, Sapphar, Fartachium, a City and Kingdom on the South of Arabia Foelix, which lies about eighty German Miles from Aden to the South, in almost Long. 85. Lat. 15. 24. a hundred and thirty Miles from the entrance of the Red Sea to the South.

La Ferte-Aleps, or Alais, a Town in the Isle of France, three Leagues from Estampes to the East, and eight from Paris to the South. As this word La Ferté signifies a Fort or place of Strength, so it frequently occurreth in the Maps of France.

La Ferte sur Aube, Firmitas ad Albulam, a Town in Champagne, four Miles from Bar to the South, and twenty from Dijon to the North.

La Ferte-Bernard, Firmitas Bernardi, a Town in the Province of Maine in France, upon the River Huisne, ten or twelve Leagues below Mans. It bears the Title of a Barony.

La Ferte-Gaucher, a small Town in the Province of Brie in France, betwixt Meaux, Sezane, and Provins.

La Ferte sur Grosne, a Town in Burgundy, two Leagues from Challon to the South.

La Ferte-sous-Iovare, Firmitas Auculphi, or Subter Jotrum, a Town in la Brie Campanoise in France, upon the River Marne, betwixt Chateau-Thierry and Meaux. The Huguenots took it in the Civil Wars of the last Age.

La Ferte-Milon, Firmitas Milonis, a Town in the Government of the Isle of France, upon the River Ourc or Oureque, betwixt Meaux, Soissons, and Senlis, in the Dutchy of Valois. It is a good large Town, and suffered very much in the last Age's Civil Wars.

Fervaques, Aquae fervidae, a small Town of Bathes, of warm water, in Lieuvin in Normandy; two miles and an half from Lisieux to the South, and three from Roan to the South-West: it is a very small place.

Ferventia, Fons Agri Carrinensis, a Bath in Portugal, in a Village called Cadima, two Miles from the Ocean, and the same distance from Coimbra to the West: this Fountain is mentioned by Pliny.

Fescennia, an antient Town of Hetruria in Italy: the same with the Citta Castellana, says Ortelius; with Galeso, says Cluverius, of the Moderns. Noted to a Proverb amongst the old Romans for a sort of jesting wanton Poetry.

Feschamp, a Town in Normandy, on the British Sea, four Miles from Le Haure, and the mouth of the Seyne to the North.

Fessole or Fiezzole, Fesulae, an antient City in the Dukedom of Florence in Italy, one of the twelve considerable Cities heretofore of Hetruria, being the residence of the Thuscan Augurs; and afterwards a Bishops See. There is a Treatise written by Francis Diaceti, sometimes Bishop here, of the Saints of this City.

Fetu, or Foetu, a small Kingdom in Africa, in Guiney, with a City called also Foetu, upon the Coast dell' Or, towards Cape Corso.

Feversham, a Market Town in the County of Kent, in Scray Lath, with a good Port for small Vessels. King Stephen, with his Queen, and Eustace his son, were all buried here in an Abbey of that King's foundation. The right Honorable Lewis de Duras enjoys the Title of Earl of this place.

Feurs, Forum Segusianum, a Town in the upper Foretz in Lionnois in France, five Leagues from Lion to the West, and six from Rohanne to the North, upon the Loire.

Fez, one of the greatest Cities in Africa, but now declining: It is the Capital of a Kingdom of the same name, in the West of Barbary; said to have been built by the Moors in 786. It is divided into three parts: Beleida, a part of Old Fez, which contains four thousand Families; Old Fez, properly so called, in which are eight hundred Families; and New Fez, which has about eight thousand Families. Old Fez, the most Western, lies upon Hills and Valleys intermixed; and has fifty Mosques very beautiful, besides six hundred small ones. The New Fez lies in a most pleasant Plain, with a double Wall, very high and strong; and stands near the River Ʋnion, above a Mile from Old Fez. The learned Ortelius tells us, Fez in the Arabick Tongue signifies Gold: that the City Fez is built in the middle of the Kingdom, and the greatest part of it upon Mountains and Hills; so that there is no Plain but in the middle: that the River entereth into the City by two ways only; and then diffuseth it self into innumerable Branches and Channels; so that there is scarce a private House that has not a Branch of the River belonging to it; and that the rest of the water passing through the Common Sewers, do cleanse the City. The greatest part of the Houses are built of Stone or painted Brick: that each House has a Tower for their divertisement. The great Mosque called Carruen, is half a Mile in compass, with thirty one Gates of vast height. And the Library is said to contain, besides a great number of other books, two thousand Volumes of Manuscripts in the Arabick Language. The Territory belonging to it extends from the River Burgrage to the River Gnave; and on the North from the River Suba, to the foot of Mount Atlas

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South; which is called the Province of Fez, and by the Romans, Volubilis. This Kingdom of Fez was erected by Abdulack in 1212, and long since united to the Kingdom of Morocco. This Kingdom was a part of Mauritania Tingitana, and has for a Century of years and more, suffered great and srequent Mutations and Insurrections. They are the greatest Bigots of all that imbrace the Mahometan Faith; and the most bitter and implacable enemies of the Christian Religion; having totally extirpated it in those Regions, where there were once many great and flourishing Churches. The Kingdom of Fez is bounded on the North by the Streights of Gibra tar, and the Mediterranean; on the West by the Atlantick Ocean; on the South by the Kingdom of Morocco, from which it is divided by the River Azamor; and on the East by the Kingdom of Algier: now by reason of their great intestine Wars, much depopulated and ruined.

Fezzen, or Fessen, a Province of Biledulgerida in Africa, which is a Desart.

Fiano, a Castle in St. Peter's Patrimony in Italy, upon the Tibur, 15 Miles North of Rome, ennobled with the Title of a Dukedom.

Fianone, Flanona, Flavona, a Town and Port of the Province of Histria in Italy, upon the Adriatick; belonging to the Republick of Venice. It stands advanced upon a high hill.

Fidari, Lycormas, a River of Aetolia, which washeth Calidon, now Galata, a Village on the Bay of Thessalonica, on the Archipeiago.

Fidonisi, Achillea, an Island in the Euxine Sea: and also a Peninsula called of old Dromos Achillis, at the mouth of the Borysthenes, on the Eastern side. It seems to be the same with Zagori.

Fiechtelberg, Suditi & Hercinii Montes, a Ridge of Mountains which incircle Bohemia, and divide it from Franconia to the West; whence spring these great Rivers; 1. Moenus, the Mayn, which entereth the Rhine at Mentz. 2. Sala, the Saal, which falls into the Elb at Bernberg. 3. Egra, the Eger, which falls into the Elb, at Deutmeritz in Bohemia. 4. Nabus, the Nab, which falls into the Danube above Ratisbone. See Eichtelberg.

Fiesco, a City of Caria, called anciently Phusca, in the later Maps Fischio; a little more north than the Isle of Rhodes, and on the Mediterranean Sea.

Fife, Fifa, a County in Scotland, between the Fyrth of Tay to the North, that of Edinburg to the South, the German Ocean to the East, and Strathern and Menteith to the West. It is one of the greatest in Scotland, as being eighty four Scotch Miles in circuit; also one of the most fruitful and best inhabited parts of that Kingdom; full of considerable Towns and Places; the principal of which is S. Andrews, the Metropolitan See of that Kingdom.

Figalo, Actium, a most celebrated Promontory of Epirus. See Actium.

Figeac, Figeacum, a small City of France in Quercy, a Southern Province of that Kingdom, upon the River Sele, nine Leagues from Caors to the East, twenty eight from Tholouse to the North-East.

Figenia, Ephesus, a City of Ionia.

Filadelphia, Philadelphia, a City of Lydia, in the Les•er Asia, at the foot of Mount Tmoli, upon the River Caystrus, now Chiai, thirty two German Miles East of Smyrna. It is called by the Turks Allachars, or Alla-Scheyr; that is, the City of God: of old an Episcopal See, under Sardus, but now the Metropolis, and in a tolerable Estate under the Turks: being built amongst the Hills and Mountains, it has in all times been much subject to the violence of Earthquakes. This is one of the seven Churches of Asia, mentioned in the Revelations, Long. 57. 41. Lat. 40. 15. There is here now about two hundred Houses of Christians, and four Churches. It preserved it self against the Turks, after all the rest of Asia was conquered, under Orchanes, and the two Morats, till the time of Bajazet I. who began his Reign in 1387, reigned nine years, and then was taken by Tamerlane. And as they held out longer, so they submitted on better terms: God having preserved them, as he promised he would, even from the perfidy and rage of those destroyers. See Revel. 3. 8, 10. Wheeler's Travels, p. 265.

Fillech, Fillechum, a City of the Upper Hungary, five German Miles from Agria to the North, and the same from Cassovia to the West. It stands on the Road which leads from Presburg, to the Cities in the Mountains, upon the River Gayen, which falls into the Danube over against Gran, in the County of Zabel. There was here a Castle; and the Town being a Frontier, was walled and very strong: taken by the Turks in 1560, retaken by the Imperialists in 1593. Again taken by the Bassa of Great Waradin in 1682. And because he and the Tekelites could not agree about it, he dismantled and deserted it.

Filippo, Philippi, a City of Macedonia, on the Confines of Thrace; seated on a steep Hill, about five German Miles from the Archipelago to the West, on the Golfo de Contessa; either built or repaired by Philip King of Macedonia, from whom it has its Name. It was afterwards a Roman Colony, and mentioned as such in the Acts of the Apostles. S. Paul preached the Christian Faith here, and wrote one of his Epistles to this Church: also famous for a Battel fought near it between Pompey and Cesar; and another between Augustus and Cassius. In the Primitive times it was an Archbishops See, but almost buried in its own Ruines now, and desolate. See Acts 16. 12.

Filippopoli, Philippopolis, called by the Turks Filibe, and Presrem, is a City and an Archbishops See in Thrace, upon the River Hebrus, now Meriza; an hundred Miles from Constantinople, ninety from Philippi to the West. Here was an Arrian Synod held in 349. And here Julian the Apostate was, when he received the news of the Death of Constantius; and thereupon discovered his concealed Apostacy. Frederick Barbarossa I, in 1189, took this and Adrianople from the Turks, which was retaken from the Christians by Amurath in 1359. This City was built by Philip the Roman Emperor, and is now in a flourishing condition; the Seat and Residence of a Turkish Sangiack, or Governor, under the Pacha of Romania.

Final, or Finale, Finalium, a strong Town, well fortified, with a Marquisate belonging to it, upon the Coasts of the Sea of Genoua in Italy, betwixt Savona and Albengua. The Marquisate is not above six miles in length, and is bounded at each end with the points of the Mountains. They both belong to the King of Spain, who surprized them in 1602, and caused the last person of the House of Carreto (that for a long time before had been the Proprietors thereof) to be put to death.

Finichia, one of the present Names of Cilicia, a Province of the Lesser Asia next Syria.

Finkeley, a Village in the Bishoprick of Durham, in Chester Ward: mentioned in the Councils by the name of Finchala and Fincenhala: there having been a Council held at it in the year 798. by Eanbald Archbishop of York.

Finland, Finlandia, Fenni, Finnia, Fionnonia, is a very spatious Country; heretofore a distinct Kingdom, but now subject to the Crown of Sweden, and distinguished with the Title of a Dukedom belonging to the King of Sweden's sons. Bounded on the North by Desarts or unknown Countries, from which it is separated by the Lake and River Ʋla Tresk: on the West it has the Botner Sea, a Branch of the Baltick; on the South the Bay of Finland, another Branch of it; and on the East, the Dominions of the Great Duke of Muscovy. It contains several very great Provinces, as Ciania, Tavasthia, Nylandia, Carelia, Savolaxia, and Finland properly so called; which is the most Southern and most noble. Aboa a Town upon the River Aurojoki, over against the Isle of Aland, is the Capital of this Kingdom▪ and the Seat of the Swedish Viceroy. This Kingdom was first conquered to the Crown of Sweden in 1384, by Erick one of their Kings. In 1571, the Muscovites intending a Conquest fell into it with a Savageness and Cruelty hard to be expressed, or believed; but were recalled by an Irruption of the Tartars upon their own Countries. It is called by the Inhabitants and Swedes, Finner; by the Danes, Finder; by the Germans, Fennen; by the Dutch, Finlander. Cluverius saith, it is a considerable part of the Kingdom of Sweden; and that it is fruitful, and affords excellent Pasturage.

Finmark, Finmarchia, called by the Inhabitants Taakemarch and Finmark, is a Province of the Kingdom of Norway, on the Western Ocean. The Southern part of it is subject to the Danes; the Northern to the Swedes. This Country is barren, rocky, covered with dreadful Woods, full of Bears and Wolves, and other ravenous Beasts: the Inhabitants till of late lived in Summer, like the Nomades, wandring from place to place, as the convenience of Water and Pasture invited them. The Princes under whom they now are, to reduce them from this vagrant way of living, granted the Lands to the first Occupant, by which means some parts are improved; but the more barren can be used no other way, and therefore are left still in common. The Inhabitants are a mongrel sort of Christians, extreamly ignorant and barbarous; infamous for Witchcraft, revengeful beyond belief, and as rugged as the Country they inhabit.

Fionda, a small Village on the Shoars of the Mediterranean Sea, in the Lesser Asia, in the Confines of Lycia and Pamphylia; which in the Roman times was called Phaselis, and before Pityussa: it lies East of the Chelidonian Rocks, and West of Mount Masicytus, two hundred and twenty English Miles from the most Western Cape of Cyprus. A Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Myra, now Stramita: but so very small, that little notice is taken of it in the ••ter Maps.

Fionia. See Fuynen.

Fionissi, Lyssus, a Town in Creet (Candia), on the Western Shoar; near the most Southern Cape of that Island.

Fiore, Ossa, a River of Italy, in the Dominions of the Great Duke of Florence, which falls into the Mediterranean Sea at Telemont, a small Sea-Port belonging to Sienna.

Fiorenza. See Florence.

Firando, a City and Kingdom of Japan, in that part which is called Ximo; to which there belongs an Island of the same Name, on the Western Shoar also.

Firi, Maxera, Mazeras, a River of Hyrcania, which falls into the Hyrcanian Sea.

Firmiana, Firmanorum Castrum, a small Castle on the Adriatick Sea, in the Marca Anconitana, near the Mouth of the River Tinna: now commonly called Fermo; thirty Italian Miles from Ancona to the South, and an Archbishops See.

Fischio, Phusca, a Maritim City of Caria, in the Les•er Asia, over against the Isle of Rhodes, about eighty four English Miles from Ephesus to the South. In the later Maps, it is placed much more to the East than the Isle of Rhodes.

Fishgard, a Market Town in Pembrokeshire▪ in the Principality of Wales, and the Hundred of Kemeys.

Fismes, Fimae, ad fines, a Town in the Province of Champaigne in France, upon the River Vesle. Two Councils have been assembled at it in the years 881 and 935, which write it, Finibus apud Sanctam Macram, from a Stone ('tis supposed) that serves as a Boundary, hard by, to the Bishopricks of Rheims, Laon, and Soissons.

Flagania. See Paphlagonia.

Flaiz, Flaicus, an Isle of France. belonging to Santoigne.

Flamborough-head, a noted Promontory in the East Riding of Yorkshire; two Miles from Burlington Bay: so called from the small Town, Flamborough, standing in it.

Flanders, Flandria, by the Natives call'd Vlaenderen, is the greatest and noblest of those Seventeen Provinces called the Low Countries: Bounded on the East with Hainault and Brabant; on the West with the British Ocean; on the North with the Seas of Zealand; and on the South in part by Artois, and in part by Hainault and Picardy: of which Artois was at first a part, and after five or six descents, reunited again to it. This Province, saith Ortelius, is most excellent Pasture, especially towards the West. It affords excellent Kine, and warlike Horses; and abounds in Butter, Cheese, and excellent Wheat. The People are much given to Merchandize and Cloathing; their Linnen (having plenty of Flax and Hemp) exceeds all other Countries; and as to Woollen, they having the Wooll from Spain and England, improve it by their industry to a wonder, and then supply all the World with the Product. But in this the zeal of Philip II. King of Spain, has altered the state of things in a great degree. This Province has twenty eight walled Towns or Cities, a thousand one hundred and fifty Villages; besides Forts, Castles, and Noble Mens Houses; and a great number of Abbeys, Priories, Colleges, and Monasteries. It has five Viscounties, three Principalities, four Ports, and thirty one Chatellanies. The principal of which in Ortelius his time was Gaunt. This great Province was divided into three Parts; 1. Flanders Flammengant, bounded on the East by the Imperial Flanders, and the Scheld; on the West by the British Seas; on the North by the Seas of Zealand; and on the South with Artois and Flanders Gallicant; the principal City of which was Gaunt. 2. Imperial Flanders, so called, because it was a Fee of the Empire; divided from Brabant, on the East by the River Dender; and from the Gallick Flanders on the West by the Scheld; on the North it has the River Dender, and on the South Hainault; the principal Town of this is Alost, whence it is now commonly called the County of Alost. 3. Flanders Gallicant, so called, because the French Tongue was heretofore most spoken in it. This has Hainault on the East, Artois on the South, the British Sea on the West, and Flanders Flammigant on the North; from which it is parted by the River Leye; the chiefest Town is L'isle, Insula. First united to France by Dagobert one of their Kings; by whom about 621. it was granted to Liderick de Buque, with the Title of Forester. In 864. it was granted to Baldwin I. by the Title of Earl of Flanders, the Sovereignty being reserved to France, whose Homagers these Earls were. This Earldom by the Marriage of Philip Duke of Burgundy with Margaret Daughter of Lewis de Malatin Earl of Flanders in 1369. came into the House

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of Burgundy; and so to the House of Austria by the Marriage of Mary Daughter and Heir of Charles the Hardy, to Maximilian Emperor of Germany, in 1476. in which Family it still is. This though the prime Earldom of all Europe, yet was a Homager to the Crown of France; till Charles V. having taken Francis I. his Prisoner in the Battel of Pavy in Italy, by a Treaty at Madrid, infranchised it from that Servitude. Since the time of Philip II. it has been extreamly curtailed and harassed; many of the Inhabitants flying then into England, not only depopulated, but impoverished it by carrying away its Trade. And the Hollanders Revolting, not only added to this Calamity by a War of forty years continuance, but took from them several Towns in the Northern parts. Of later times, the French have made the same devastations on the Southern, so that not above half Flanders is now left to the Spaniards, and that in a weak and declining condition.

Flassans, a small Village in Provence, in the Diocese of Fre•us: remark'd for giving name to an eminent Poet of that Country in the thirteenth Century; as likewise in the person of Sieur de Flassans, sirnamed the Knight of the Faith, for his zeal against the Huguenots of Provence in 1562.

Flatholm, an Island in the Severn, over against Somersetshire.

Flavigni, Flaviniacum, a small Town in the Tract of Auxois in Burgundy, betwixt Dijon and Samur, upon a little River near the antient Alize. There stands an Abbey of the Benedictines in it.

La Fleche, a Town in the Province of Anjou in France, upon the Loyre, towards the Frontiers of Maine. Henry le Grand founded a College of Jesuits there in 1603: whose heart is interred in the same.

Flensburg, Flensburgum, a City of the Kingdom of Denmark, on the South of Jutland, upon the Bay of Flens, on the Baltick Sea, in the Dukedom of Sleswick, four German Miles West of the Isle of Alsen, and 6 from Frederichstad to the North-East. It is but small, seated on high Hills with a large Haven, and a strong Castle. The City is under the King of Denmark; but the Territory which belongs to it, is under the Duke of Holstein Gottorp. Christian V. King of Denmark was born here in the year 1646.

Flerus, a Village in the County of Namur, below Charleroy, near the Sambre; rendered remarkable by the Battel betwixt the French and Dutch Armies, on July 1. 1690. fought upon the Plains thereof, with the Victory to the French.

Fleury, or S. Benoît sur Loyre, Floriacum, a small Town which has a noble and an ancient Monastery of the Order of S. Benedict, whose Body lies interred therein: seated upon the Loir, nine Leagues from Orleans to the East. It stands, according to some, in Le Gastinois; to others, in the Dukedom of Orleans; and deserves to be remembred for the sake of Hugo Floriacensis, a Learned Monk of this House, who wrote a loyal and a christian Discourse concerning the Origine of Monarchy, which he dedicated to Henry II. King of England; Published by Baluzius in his fourth Tome of Miscellanies. § There is another Fleury in the Dukedom of Burgundy, upon the River Ousche; three Leagues from Dijon to the West: A third in Biere, which has a Priory; and a fourth in the Isle of France.

Fliez, Phligadia, a Mountain in Sclavonia. Lazius placeth it in Liburnia, upon the Adriatick Sea.

Flie, Flevo, an Island at the Mouth of the Rhine, which has a fine Haven, and a rich Town. It stands at the entrance of the Zuidersee, near the Texel. The English Fleet under Sir Robert Holms, entred this Port in 1666: burnt one hundred sixty five Sail of Ships, and took and burnt the Town of Schelling, which is the chief of that Island.

Flintshire, one of the twelve Shires in Wales; bounded on the North with an Arm of the Irish Sea, which parts it from Cheshire, on the East of it; and on all the other Quarters, by Denbighshire. It is Hilly, but not mountainous; fruitful in Wheat and Barley, but especially Rie: upon the Northern Shoar stands Flint Castle, which gives name to the whole Shire; begun by Henry II. and finished by Edward I. wherein Richard II. renounced the Crown of England. Whereupon Henry Duke of Lancaster claimed it, and intailed a War on the English Nation, that bid fair for its Ruine. The Title of Earl of Flint belongs to the Prince of Wales.

Flix, a strong Castle upon the River Ebro in Catalonia, supposed to be the old Ibera.

S. Florentin, a Town of France in Senois, in Champagne.

Florence, Florentia, one of the principal Cities of Italy, called by Pliny, Fluentia; by the Italians, Fiorenza; and proverbially epitheted La bella, from its great beauty. The Capital of the Province of Toscany and the Residence of the Great Duke. It was built by Sylla's Soldiers in the Year of Rome 675, seventy six years before the Birth of our Saviour, upon the River Arno, which passeth through it, and is covered by four stately Bridges within the Walls. It is five, or as others say, seven Miles in compass: paved with Stone, adorned with large Streets, and stately magnificent Buildings, both publick and private; to the Beauty of which the natural Ingenuity of the Citizens has contributed very much; no place having afforded more excellent Architects, Painters and Carvers, than this, as Schottus observes. It is seated in a gentle and healthful Air, upon a great and a navigable River; surrounded with a delicate Plain, pleasant Hills, high Mountains; and abounding in whatsoever is valuable or useful; said to contain above seven hundred thousand Souls. It may justly own Charles the Great for its Founder, who in 902, enlarged, and new Walled it; adding one hundred and fifty Towers, an hundred Cubits high; from whenceforward it began to flourish, though it suffered very much from the Factions of the Guelphs and Gibellins, that is, the Imperial and Papal Parties. This City purchased its Liberty of Rodolphus the Emperor about 1285, after which they subjected many of their Neighbours; but were never quiet from Foreign Wars, or Intestine Divisions, till they fell under a second Monarchic Government: in the interim Pope Martin V. advanced the Bishop to an Archbishop, in 1421. Nor is it less remarkable for a Council held here for uniting the Greek and Latin Churches; which began in 1439, and ended in 1442. Nor is the Death of Jerome Savanarola to be forgotten, who was burnt here in 1494, for reproving the Vices of those who love them too well to part with them. It surrendred it self to Charles V. in 1529, who granted it the year following to Alexander de Medices his Son in Law, with the Title of a Dukedom, under which Family it still is; enlarged in Bounds, but perhaps diminished in Wealth and People. Besides the Council I mention, there have been many other held here, which for brevity I must omit; as also the vast number of excellent Men here born; the noble Library, call'd Bibliotheca Laurentiana, which is one of the best in the whole World for Manuscripts; the excellent Pieces of Architecture, Sculpture and Painting (of which sort this City shews some Pieces drawn by John Cimabac, who about 1200, began to revive the Art of Painting in Italy, before which this Art was only exercised by Greeks) and many other Rarities

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plentifully enough here to be found. It has three Citadels, built by its Dukes at several times. They observe, that the politeness of the Italian Tongue shines in its greatest perfection here, tho not so well pronounced as by the Romans: whence that Country Proverb, La lingua Toscana in bocca Romana. The praise whereof is in great part to be ascrib'd to the famous Academy della Crusca, Authors of the Italian Vocabulary, established in this City. Long. 34. 03. Lat. 43. 15.

Florensac, a Town in Provence, seated on a River, nine Miles from Narbonne to the North-East, and six from Frontignan to the West.

Flores, or Isla de Flores, one of the Azores in the Atlantick Ocean, under the Portuguese.

Florida, a very large and fruitful Country in the North America; so called because the Spaniards discovered it on Palm Sunday, which in their Language they call Parcua de Flores, in 1512. The English had before this discovered it; Sebastian Cabot, sent by Henry VII. in 1479, to find a way to the East-Indies by the West, being the very first European that landed here. But the Spaniards went further, searched throughly, and took Possession of it for the King of Spain: however, the English have renewed their old Claim, and taken Possession of the more Northern Part by the name of Pensilvania, of which I shall speak in due time. The Inhabitants call Florida, Jaquasa; it lies parallel with Castile in Spain, and said to be of the same temper both for Air and Soil, but abundantly more fruitful. Bounded on the North-East with Virginia; on the East with Mar del Nort; on the South, and some part of the West with the Bay of Mexico; and on the rest of the West with New Gallicia, and some Countries not yet discovered. It extends from the River of Palms 25 degr. of Lat. to Rio de Secco, in Long. 34. which evidently shews▪ that it is a large Country. The Spaniards have only two Castles in the Southern Parts, S. Matthew, and S. Augustin. It lies in breadth where it is narrowest thirty Miles, and in other parts an hundred: towards the North beyond Florida is Canada. The whole Country is flat; abounds with Rivers, which make it over-moist; but towards the Sea it is more sandy. In 1520, and 1524, Lucas Ʋsquez invaded it to find Men to work in the Mines. In 1528, Pamphilus Narviesius travelled over it. In 1528, Ferdinandus Soto went thither after Peru was conquered, with three hundred Horse, and four hundred Foot, to look for Gold; but finding none returned empty and discontented, bestowing only the Name of Florida upon the Country. In 1549, Charles V. sent some Priests thither to Convert the Natives; but the Natives destroyed them. Under Charles IX. of France, in 1562, Charles Ribald sailed thither, made a League with the Inhabitants, and built Charles Fort, setling a French Colony. And in 1564. Renatus Laudonerius was kindly treated by the Natives; which the Spaniards observing, and fearing, they surprised the French, and hanged not only the meaner sort, but many Gentlemen too. In 1576. Dominic Gurges, a Gascoign, manned out a Ship at his own cost and charge, and retook Charles Fort, repaying the Spaniards in their own kind. The Spaniards (who were then much in the favour of the French) had like to have been too hard for him at his return. The Soil is very fruitful, yields plenty of Sassafras, and may have rich Mines; but the Inhabitants take no pains to find them, and not much to Till the Earth, which yields them two Crops of Maze in each year, one in March, and another in June: this is the natural bread of the Country, by which, and Hunting only, the Natives subsist. Who are of Olive Complexions, great of Stature, go Naked, except what they are more concerned to hide; naturally lovers of War, out of a revengeful and unquiet Temper.

Flumica, Crimisa, a River of Calabria Citerior, which falls into the Bay of Taranto, near Capo dell' Alice; four Miles from the Promontory of Santa Maria di Leuca; which is the most South-Eastern Cape of Italy and Europe to the West. The Cape, the Village dell' lo Zeiro, and il Capo dell' Alice, were by the ancient Geographers called Crimisa, as well as the River, though they have now three several names.

Flushing, Ʋlissinga, Flissinga, is a Maritime Town in the Province of Zeeland in the Low Countries; seated on the Mouth of the Scheld, in the Isle of Walcheren, one League from Middleburgh, upon the most Southern point of that Island. It has a very convenient Haven, and the intire Command of the Scheld; without whose License no Ship can pass up the River to Antwerp. One of the first Towns the Hollander took by surprize from the Spaniards in 1572. by the diligence of Vorst a Seaman, and one Monsieur de Berland, the Bailiff thereof. Then a mean place, of no great strength or consideration; but since fortified by the Hollanders, to the utmost degree of human Art. This, the Briel, and Fort of Ramekins, were, in 1585. put into the hands of Queen Elizabeth, as Cautionary Towns for the repayment of such Monies as she should expend in their Protection against the Spaniards: and the famous Sir Philip Sidney was made by her the first Governor of it. But in 1616. King James I. resigned all again into the hands of the Hollanders. The Prince of Orange is the Proprietor of this Town. It is the key of the Sea of the Low Countries. See Cadiz. § In the Island of Tabago in the Southern America, the Hollanders built a Fortress, and call'd it New Flushing: which the French took and rased in 1677.

Fluvian, Clodianus, a River of Catalonia, commonly called El Llobregat; it ariseth from the Pyrenean Hills, near Junquera in the borders of France and Rousillon; and falls into the Mediterranean Sea near Empures, or Poret; almost seven Miles from Perpignan to the North, and two from Narbonne to the South.

Fochien, or Fokien, a Province in China; bounded on the North by Chekiam, on the West by Kiamsi, on the South by Quamtum, and on the East by the Chinian Ocean: between 24. and 27. deg. of Latitude. It is said to contain eight Cities, whereof Fochen is the chief; forty eight walled Towns, and 509200 Families.

Fodway, a City in the Lower Hungary, which was formerly an Archbishops See: stands in view of Colocza, a City twelve Miles distant from Buda.

Foeroe, Feroae, Provincia Feroensis, Insulae Farenses, by the Inhabitants called Feroier, is a Province subject to the King of Denmark as King of Norway; consisting of 17 Islands in the Northern Ocean, which have Norway on the East; Orkney and Scotland on the South-East; Greenland on the West, and Iseland on the North-West; under 62 deg. 10. min. of Lat. separated by deep and rapid Waters; from one Mile long to 24, and from one to eight broad; extending from North to South sixty Miles, in breadth above forty; all cultivated and inhabited. Their Names are Fugloe, Suinoe, Wideroe, Bordoe, Kunoe, Kalsoe, Osteroe, Nolsoe, Stromoe, (which is the largest) Waagoe, Myggeness, Kolster, Hestoe, Sandoe, Skuoe, Slorediemen, and Sudoroe. In Stromoe there is a good Harbor called Thorsehaven; where the general Commerce of the Land is established,

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and the King's Contributions kept, under the Protection of a Fort built by Christian IV. King of Denmark. Their Commodities are Skins, Feathers, Tallow, Train-Oil, Fish, but especially Stockins; whereof they export yearly above 60000 pair, in their Trade to Iseland, Norway and Denmark, which they perform without Silver Money, by adjusting their Prices, and taking Ware for Ware. Here is Angelica, radix Rhodia, plenty of high Grass and wild Cattel; whence the Province bears a wild Sheep for their Arms. These Islands became first inhabited by the Norwegians about the year 868, being governed by their own Chiefs, till reduced to the Obedience of the Kings of Norway in the Eleventh Century: who at the same time erected them into a Bishoprick. For in an Ordinance of Hagen Duke of Norway, son to King Magnus, dated in 1040. relating to this People (which was confirmed to them by Christian IV. King of Denmark, Feb. 4. 1637.) we find Mr. Ellender mentioned with the Title of Bishop of Feroe. Upon the Reformation, Christian IV. translated this Bishoprick into a Provos•ship under the Bishops of Bergen; which has since been subjected to those of Copenhagen, upon the removal of the Commerce of Feroe from Bergen thither. There are in all thirty nine Parish Churches, divided into seven Church-Corporations (as they call them) and to each Corporation one Priest of the Faith of the Confession of Ausburgh; who besides little Contributions from Communicants, receives for Tithes (not the Tenth, but) the fourth part of Corn, Butter, Wool and Fish: and makes out the rest of his Maintenance for himself and Family, by honest Working and Tillage. At Thorsehaven there is a School for the Youth, erected and endowed by Christian III. King of Denmark. They speak the Danish and Norwegian Languages mixt; and are governed according to the Laws of Norway. See Lucas Jacobson Debes, sometime Provost of Feroe, his Description of the Islands and Inhabitants, translated out of Danish, and printed Lond. 1672.

Foggia, a small Town in the Capitanata in the Kingdom of Naples, upon the River Cervaro, seven or eight miles from the Adriatick Ocean. There is a famous Custom-house here, call'd La Dogana di Foggia.

Fogie, Phocaea, a Town in the Lesser Asia, upon the Archipelago, over against the Isle of Metelino; seated upon the River Lohat (Hermus): called anciently Phociae, and now Fochia, or Foja Nova: a very considerable Place, and made more so by a Naval Victory, obtained here by the Venetians over the Turks, in 1649.

Foglia, Isaurus, Pisaurus, a River of Italy: it springeth from the Apennine, and running through the Dukedom of Ʋrbino, falls into the Adriatick Sea at Pesaro.

Foix, Fuxum, or Fuxium, a Town in Languedoc, upon the River Lauriegne, at the foot of the Pyrenean Hills, from which the adjacent Country is called the County of Foix: it stands six Leagues from the borders of Spain to the North, and twelve from Tolouse to the South. § Le Comte de Foix, called by the Spaniards, El Contado de foix, is a County in Aquitain in France, which was heretofore a part of Le Conserans, but now contained in Languedoc: there are sixteen Castellanies or Prefectures in it; and the Cities of Pamiers (Apamea), Tarascon, and Foix, from which it has its name. This gives a Title to a Noble Family of France, frequently mentioned in all their Stories.

Fokien. See Fochien.

Fokingham, a Market Town in Lincolnshire in the Hundred of Aveland.

Foligni. See Fuligno.

Folkeston, a Market Town in Kent in Shepway▪ Lath. It belongs as a Member to the Port of Dover, containing formerly five Parishes; now reduced to one.

Fondi, Fundi, a small City in Terra d• Lavoro, a Province of Naples, upon the borders of Campagna di Roma, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Capua; from whence it stands almost forty English Miles to the North-West, and about fifty five from Rome to the South; in a fruitful Plain, about six miles from the Ionian Sea. There is a Castle in Fondi. It has the honour to be an Earldom, and gives its Name to a Lake in the Vicinage. In the year 1594. the Turks pillaged it. The famous Admiral Barberoasse with some Troops of Pyrates made once a Descent upon it, with a design to steal Julia de Gonzagua, Widow of Vespasian Colonna, one of the finest Women of that Age, to make a Present of her to Solyman the Grand Seignior. And narrowly missing her, he set fire, in revenge, to the Town.

Il Lago di Fondi, is a Lake that lies between the former City, and the Sea; which was heretofore very great and equal to that called the Pomptinae Paludes, by the Romans; but now reduced to a circuit of about four Miles, as Baudrand saith, who saw it in 1667.

Font-Astoruge, Orge, a small River in Provence, commonly called Sorgue, in the County of Vendosme, which falls into the Rhosne above Avignon.

Fontain-bleau, Fons-Bellaqueus, or the Fountain of fair Water; is a most delicious Village in the Isle of France, in the Territory de Gastinois, not above one Mile from the Seyne, and fourteen from Paris to the South. In which Francis I. built a most stately royal Country House, much improved by Henry IV. Lewis VII. had before built a Castle here in 1169, and to it this noble House was added by his Successors; in which was born Francis II. in 1••4. Henry III. in 1551. Lewis XIII. in 1604. Philip the Fair was also born in this Town in 1266. The Conference of Religion at this place May 4. 1600. in the presence of Henry le Grand, King of France, his Chancellors and Secretaries, seven Princes and divers Bishops, betwixt the Sieur du Plessis Mornay and James Davy Bishop of Eureux (afterwards Cardinal of Perron) upon an Accusation made by the latter that Du Plessis had falsified the Fathers in the Citations of his book against the Mass in no less than 500 places, may be mentioned here as one of the most famous Occurrences as to Religion of this Age. The result of it was this, the learned Thuanus and Pithaeus being Commissioners for ordering of the Dispute on the Roman Catholicks side, and Isaac Casaubon with others (according to the Kings appointment) for the Huguenots. After an Examination of nine Passages that day, it appearing sometimes the Objection was taken for the Answer, sometimes Words omitted and Sentences curtailed and others misapplied, there was no continuing of the Conference longer; for Du Plessis retired into the Country sick, and dyed soon after. In 1679. there was a Peace concluded here, between the Crowns of Sweden and Denmark, by which the Swedes recovered whatever had been taken from them by the Danes.

Fontanelle, a Village and Monastery in Normandy, upon the Seyne, twelve Miles from Roan to the East.

Fontana Bianca, Naustathmus, a Sea-Port on the Eastern Shoar of Sicily, at the mouth of the River Cacyparis, twelve Miles from Syracuse to the South.

Fontarabia, Fons Rapidus, called by the Inhabitants Fuenteravia, and sometimes Ondarrivia, and Ondar Ibaya; by the French, Fontarabie; by the Italians, Fontarabia; is a very strong Town in

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Guipuscoa in Spain, upon the Shoars of the Bay of Biscay, upon the River Vidosa (Bassages), in the Confines of France and Spain. Built by the Goths in 625. It belonged as is pretended heretofore to France, as part of the Territory of Bayonne, and subject to that Bishop, till Philip II. King of Spain in 1571. caused it to be taken from that Diocese. It is so seated, that at low Water it is easily entered, but at high Water surrounded with the Sea; and so fortified besides, that a few Men may defend it against a vast Army: so that it is the Key of the Kingdom of Spain; and also a convenient Haven. The French have had an Eye upon this place. In 1638. under the Prince of Conde, and the Duke of Espernon, they attempted to reduce it; but were beaten off with great shame and loss, the two Generals mutually blaming each other after the ill success. I have read that Charles V. after he had fortified this place, called it his Pillow, upon which he could securely sleep; and it has proved so.

Fontenay, a Town near Auxerre in the Province of Burgundy in France: famous in History for the bloody Battel fought at it betwixt the four Sons of Lewis the Debonnaire in 841, wherein above a hundred thousand men were slain upon the place, with the Victory to the two younger Brothers, Charles the Bald and Lewis, the German.

Fontenay le Comte, Fontenacum, Fontenaeum, the chief Town of Poictou, upon the River Vendee, seven Miles North-East of Fochel: it is a fine Town, seated at the foot of an Hill, and made rich by a great Fair kept here.

Fonteuralt, Fons Ebraldi, a little Town in Anjou in France, which has a very much celebrated Nunnery; the Abbess of which is Head of the Order, and governs all the Men of that Order. It stands about one League from the Loyre, and three from Salmur to the North-East.

Forcalquier, Forum Neronis, once a City of Gallia Narbonensis, mentioned by Pliny; now a Town in Provence upon the River Laye, which is the Capital of a County of the same name. It stands upon an Hill, between Sisteron to the South-East, and Apt [Apta Julia] to the North-East; six Miles from the latter, and eleven from Aix to the North. The Title of Earl of this place and the Lands adjacent, is born by the Crown.

Forcheim, Forchena, Locoritum, Trutavia, a small City in Franconia, upon the River Rednitz, where it takes in the Wisent to the North; four Miles from Bamberg to the South, under the Bishop of Bamberg.

Forcone, Avia, Furconium, once a City of Italy, now a Village in the further Abruzzo, upon the River Pescara, (Aternus) eight Miles from Aquila; to which place the Bishops See was removed, upon the ruin of this ancient City by the Lombards.

Fordingbridg, a Market Town in the County of Southampton. The Capital of its Hundred.

Fordon, Fordunum, a strong Town in the County of Mern in the North of Scotland; ten Miles from the German Ocean, and fifteen from Aberdeen to the North-East. In this Place John de Fordon, the Author of the Scotichronicon, was born: but it was anciently much more honoured on the account of Palladius, the Apostle of the Scotch, here buried; who was sent by Pope Celestine in 431. to Preach the Christian Faith to this Nation.

Fordsham, a Market Town in Cheshire upon the Banks of the River Weever.

Fordwich, a Member of the Town and Port of Sandwich in Kent.

Forenza, Forentum, a Town in Abruzzo in Italy.

Le Foretz, or Foresiens, a Country of France, extended in length from North to South upon the River Loyre, and bounded on the North by Bourbon, on the West by Auvergne; on the East by Beaujolois; and on the South by Velay. It is divided into the Upper Foretz, (in which are Fe•rs, and St. Estienne;) and the Lower, in which is Monbrison the Capital, and Roanne. This is a very fruitful County under the Jurisdiction of Lyon.

Forest Noire, or the Black Forest, a large Wood extending from South to North the space of ten or twelve Leagues, as far as to the Neighbourhood of Strasburgh, beginning about Basil. The four Towns, standing at a little distance from the head of it, (viz. Rhinfeld•, Lauffembourg, Seckinghen, and Waldshust) are hence called the four Forest Towns.

La Forest, Sebusiani, or Segusiani Populi, the same with Foretz.

La Forest de Biere, Sylva Bierica, the Wood by Fountain-bleau.

La Forest de Bondis, Sylva Bugiensis, a Forest on the borders of Savoy.

The Forest of Dean, a vast Wood in Glouoestershire, which in ancient Times was exceeding dark, and terrible to pass through; between the River Wye and the Severn: it was so great an Harbor for Thieves, that robbed all Passengers, that in the Reign of Henry VI. of England, there were Laws made to restrain them: but (saith Mr. Cambden▪) since the rich Iron Mines were found here, those frightful Woods by degrees became much thinner than before: and the Rebels of 1640. promoted it, by selling the Timber of it to the Hollanders; who returned their kindness by a War, in Ships built of the same.

Forflamine, Forum Flaminii, a City of Ʋmbria, ruined by the Lombards in 740. It stood three Miles from Nuceria.

Forli, Forum Livii, a City of Romandiola, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Ravenna: It stands in a Plain near the little River Ronco and the foot of the Hills, with a Castle; at the distance of fifteen Miles from Ravenna to the South, between the Cities of Cesena and Faventia; within the Dominions of the Pope. Blondus the Historian was born here.

La Formentera, Ophiusa, one of the two Islands which were antiently called Pityusae, in the Mediterranean, upon the Coast of Spain, toward Ivica. As desart now, as we read it was in Strabo's time: inhabited only by a number of wild Asses.

Formigue, Formicae, one of the Isles de Hyeres, upon the Coast of Provence, in the Mediterranean Sea.

Formipt, Gedrosia, a Province on the East of the Kingdom of Persia, now by others called Send; which is bounded on the East by India, on the South by the Ocean, on the West by Macran, and on the North by the Desart of Segista.

Formosa, an Island, by the Spaniards so named from the beauty and fertility of its soil, in the Oriental Ocean, twenty four Leagues from China, towards the Coasts of the Provinces of Fochien and Quantung. Inhabited by about 25000 Chinese, who govern themselves in the manner of a Republick without acknowledging of any King or Sovereign. The Hollanders expell'd the Portuguese hence in 1635, and the Chinese them in 1661. It is a hundred and thirty Leagues in circuit, a hundred and fifty distant from Japan▪ and subject to Earthquakes▪ Called otherwise Lequeio, Talieukie•, and Paccande. Its principal Town, is Theovan or Tayoan, at which the Hollanders built a Fort with the name of Zeland. There is a Golden Mine found in this Island.