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Brunswick, City

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 16:59:38 GMT

Created page with "=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. === Brunswick or Brunsvic, upon the Oker, Brunopolis Brunsriga and Brunonis vicus, a City of Germany in the Lower-Saxony, Capital of the Dutchy of Brunswic. It's pretended that it was built about 868 by Brunon Son to Alphonsus Duke of Saxony, who gave his name to it. The Emperor Henry the Fowler augmented it since, and divers other Princes have contributed in rendering it one of the bea..."

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=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===
Brunswick or Brunsvic, upon the Oker, Brunopolis Brunsriga and Brunonis vicus, a City of Germany in the Lower-Saxony, Capital of the Dutchy of Brunswic. It's pretended that it was built about 868 by Brunon Son to Alphonsus Duke of Saxony, who gave his name to it. The Emperor Henry the Fowler augmented it since, and divers other Princes have contributed in rendering it one of the beautifullest Cities of all Germany. It's form is almost square, and it is half a German League in circuit. The River of Oker divides it into two. Here are 5 or 6 fair Places, and fine Houses, amongst which the Town-House is very magnificent, and several Churches that are all in the Protestants hands. For the Inhabitants of Brunswic were among the first who subscribed Luther's Doctrine. The chief of these Churches is that of St. Blasius. Brunswic was one of the chief Hanse Towns, and governed in manner of a Republick, pretending to have bought its Liberty from the Dukes of Brunswic, which they have opposed vigorously, taking Arms to assert their Titles, but this City had always the advantage. In the 16th Age Henry the Young besieged it, in 1542, 1550, and 1553. It suffered much during these Sieges; but with the help of their Confederates, still maintained its liberty. In 1569 the Disputes that were betwixt the Dukes of Brunswick and that City, were accommodated amicably upon these Conditions, that Duke Julius Son to Henry the Young assented to, viz. That the Senate should render to the Duke the whole Bailiwick of Assemburg near Wolfembuttel; That the Duke should also surrender the Bailwicks of Eich and of Wenthausen to the two Consuls, in the name of the Republick, and that he should renounce for him and his Heirs all claims to Sate and the Old-street, which Henry his Father pretended to be part of the City of Brunswic, morgag'd by his Ancestors, but not sold to the Senate. This Agreement did not fully compose the Differences, for Frederic-Ulric laid Siege to Brunswic and pressed it furiously in 1614, but the Hanse Towns and the Dutch rescued it from this danger. The Duke levying new Forces the year following, forced it to render him Homage in 1617, so seemed to have put an end to all the Differences, which most of his Ancestors had with this City. But his Successors pretending other Rights, took their Measures so well, that they entirely subdued Brunswic in 1670. It was then very strong, they have fortified it regularly since, and put it in a condition of being no more able to revolt. In the mean time the numerous Garison which they keep there, and the noise of Arms, have driven thence most of the Merchants, and put a stop to the Trade. Brunswic is seated in a Plain, surrounded with a double Wall, and 2 deep Ditches, and in some places with 3, in the rest its fenced by Morasses between the Ditches, it hath a thick Rampart round the Town, planted with divers sorts of Trees. Bertius, l. 3. Comment Germ. Thuan.

Brunswick

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 13:56:41 GMT

1635. Historia mundi: or Mercator's atlas. London. by Gerhard Mercator.

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	There remaineth in this Table the Bishopricke of Magdeburg. The Bishopricke of Magdeburg commonly called Meydburg, is so called from the cheefe Cittie. Charles the Great, having reformed all Saxonie, did institute twelve Bishoprickes in it, the chiefe whereof was the Bi∣shopricke of Magdeburg, whose seate was at the first in Styde, after∣ward it was translated to Valersleve, and thirdly to Vrese. And after∣ward in the yeere 1130 Otto did translate it to Magdeburg, who made it the primate of Germanie, as it appeareth by a great booke of Chroni∣cles which hath no Authors name set to it. Albeit the Archbishop of Saltzburg, and other Archbishops that are Electors, doe not yeeld prio∣rity or supremacy to the Bishop of Magdeburg, as Crantzius delivers i• his Metropolis. But Otto the first did make the Burggrave of Mag∣deburg, that he might sit in publike judgement, in the Emperours steede, both in this Country and Bishopricke, and in the adjacent Countries. Gero Marquesse of Lusatia was the first that bore this office by the or∣dination and appointment of Otto; whose memory is preserved by a Monument which is in the Friary of Geroden. After him they reckon some others who followed successively in this order, Hermann Duke of Saxonie, Lotharius Earle of Waldeck, Fredericke the sonne of Lothari∣us, Conradus his Nephew, Manfred halfe brother by the mother side to Conradus. He being slaine in the warres, Dittericus Earle of Plocen∣sium, had his honors, whose Daughter Vdo Marquesse of Brandenburg having married, and thereby got the Burgaviate, he left his sonne Hen∣ry his successor. After whose decease Lotharius did leave the same of∣fice to Burchard of the house of the Lords of Quetfort, from whom the Earles of Manifeld are originally descended. After whom there were the Lords of Schrapela, after whom the Emperour did translate it to the Dukes of Saxonie Electors for the Empire. The chiefe Cittie is Magdeburg, heeretofore called Parthenopolis, from Venus Parthenia who was worshipped there, situated by the River Albis; Iohn Capni• calleth it Domadum Pyrgum. Aeneas Silvius calleth it Magdeburg, and writeth that Virginopolis, was a famous Metropolitan Cittie in Saxo∣nie, memorable both for wealth and strength▪ Ligurinus calleth it the Virgin Cittie, and the habitation of Virgins: and Ptolomie calls it Mesovion. Otto builded this Cittie as Lupoldus writeth: Otto Frisin∣gensis did enlarge it and was buried there. This is a famous Emperiall Cittie, it is divided into three parts, and fortified with walls and Bul∣warkes, having strong Towers and Rampiers, also faire houses, large beautifull streetes, and magnificent Churches, especially the great Church of Saint Maurice, being built by the Ottoes of square free stone. The Magistrate doth keepe the civill law of the Romanes written in the Saxon language, which was confirmed and established by Charles the Great, so that the neighbour Nations doe thereby decide contro∣versies, and this law is much reverenced and esteemed. And let so much suffice concerning the Bishopricke of Magdeburg. And now to conclude this description, let us set downe the Rivers which are in the Countries contained in this Table: which are: Albis, Onacra, Olte∣mia, Sala, Wiperus, Inderst, Struma, Roide, Ruma, Vker, Fues, and others. It hath also the Mountaines, der Ramelberg, Meliborus, and others: and also divers woods, as Auff dem Hartz-waldt, Solingerwaldt, and others which you may behold in the Table or Chart.</blockquote>		There remaineth in this Table the Bishopricke of Magdeburg. The Bishopricke of Magdeburg commonly called Meydburg, is so called from the cheefe Cittie. Charles the Great, having reformed all Saxonie, did institute twelve Bishoprickes in it, the chiefe whereof was the Bi∣shopricke of Magdeburg, whose seate was at the first in Styde, after∣ward it was translated to Valersleve, and thirdly to Vrese. And after∣ward in the yeere 1130 Otto did translate it to Magdeburg, who made it the primate of Germanie, as it appeareth by a great booke of Chroni∣cles which hath no Authors name set to it. Albeit the Archbishop of Saltzburg, and other Archbishops that are Electors, doe not yeeld prio∣rity or supremacy to the Bishop of Magdeburg, as Crantzius delivers i• his Metropolis. But Otto the first did make the Burggrave of Mag∣deburg, that he might sit in publike judgement, in the Emperours steede, both in this Country and Bishopricke, and in the adjacent Countries. Gero Marquesse of Lusatia was the first that bore this office by the or∣dination and appointment of Otto; whose memory is preserved by a Monument which is in the Friary of Geroden. After him they reckon some others who followed successively in this order, Hermann Duke of Saxonie, Lotharius Earle of Waldeck, Fredericke the sonne of Lothari∣us, Conradus his Nephew, Manfred halfe brother by the mother side to Conradus. He being slaine in the warres, Dittericus Earle of Plocen∣sium, had his honors, whose Daughter Vdo Marquesse of Brandenburg having married, and thereby got the Burgaviate, he left his sonne Hen∣ry his successor. After whose decease Lotharius did leave the same of∣fice to Burchard of the house of the Lords of Quetfort, from whom the Earles of Manifeld are originally descended. After whom there were the Lords of Schrapela, after whom the Emperour did translate it to the Dukes of Saxonie Electors for the Empire. The chiefe Cittie is Magdeburg, heeretofore called Parthenopolis, from Venus Parthenia who was worshipped there, situated by the River Albis; Iohn Capni• calleth it Domadum Pyrgum. Aeneas Silvius calleth it Magdeburg, and writeth that Virginopolis, was a famous Metropolitan Cittie in Saxo∣nie, memorable both for wealth and strength▪ Ligurinus calleth it the Virgin Cittie, and the habitation of Virgins: and Ptolomie calls it Mesovion. Otto builded this Cittie as Lupoldus writeth: Otto Frisin∣gensis did enlarge it and was buried there. This is a famous Emperiall Cittie, it is divided into three parts, and fortified with walls and Bul∣warkes, having strong Towers and Rampiers, also faire houses, large beautifull streetes, and magnificent Churches, especially the great Church of Saint Maurice, being built by the Ottoes of square free stone. The Magistrate doth keepe the civill law of the Romanes written in the Saxon language, which was confirmed and established by Charles the Great, so that the neighbour Nations doe thereby decide contro∣versies, and this law is much reverenced and esteemed. And let so much suffice concerning the Bishopricke of Magdeburg. And now to conclude this description, let us set downe the Rivers which are in the Countries contained in this Table: which are: Albis, Onacra, Olte∣mia, Sala, Wiperus, Inderst, Struma, Roide, Ruma, Vker, Fues, and others. It hath also the Mountaines, der Ramelberg, Meliborus, and others: and also divers woods, as Auff dem Hartz-waldt, Solingerwaldt, and others which you may behold in the Table or Chart.</blockquote>

			=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===
			<blockquote>Brunsvic or Brunswick, a Country of [[Germany]] in Lower-Saxony, with the Title of Dutchy, betwixt the Bishopricks of Halberstat, and Hildesheim, the Country of Lunenbourg and Westphalia. Brunswick is the Capital Town thereof, the others are Goslar, Gottinghen, &c. Under the name of Brunswick is also comprehended all that the Princes of this House possess in Lower-Saxony, where they form different Branches, and have the Dutchies, and Countreys of Lunenbourg, Gottinghen, Grubenhagen, and Gallemberg, Wolfembutel, Hannover, Zell, Urzen, Danneberg, Garbug, Gyffhorne, Eimbech, Hamelen, &c. This Country is good and fertil, well furnish'd with Mines, and Stock'd with Game and Corn. It is watered by divers Rivers, the chief of which are the Weser, the Oker, the Glein, the Humenaw, the Viper, &c. Here are also divers fine Sources of Water, and vast Forrests. Trade flourished there formerly, but the last Wars have occasioned a change there, as well as in other parts of Germany. Here are still very fine Towns, Hanover, Gifforne, Wolfembutel, &c. which last made a good defence in 1641 against the French and Swedes, who pretended to carry it by raising the Waters of the Oker, having for that purpose made Ditches below the place. The House of the Princes of Brunswick, and Lunenbourg, are descended from Azo of Este Marquis of Toscany, who lived in the 11th Age, and about 1028 or 30, and followed the Emperor Conrad II. into Germany, where he Married Cunegonde Sister to Guelphe III. of the Family of the ancient Guelphes, of whom it's said he was the last.</blockquote>

Bruges

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 13:45:35 GMT

Created page with "=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. === <blockquote>Bruges or Bruggen, Lat. Bruga and Brugae, a Town of the Low-Countreys in the County of Flanders, with a Bishoprick Suffragant of Malines. It situated in a great Plain within 3 Leagues of the Sea, upon the Canal called Reye, which being divided into several Navigable Torrents runs in divers places of the City, and a..."

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=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===
<blockquote>Bruges or Bruggen, Lat. Bruga and Brugae, a Town of [[The United Provinces of the Netherlands|the Low-Countreys]] in the [[Flanders|County of Flanders]], with a Bishoprick Suffragant of Malines. It situated in a great Plain within 3 Leagues of the Sea, upon the Canal called Reye, which being divided into several Navigable Torrents runs in divers places of the City, and afterwards these join in the same Canal which goes to the Sluce. But this last belonging to the Hollanders, the Inhabitants of Bruges about 40 years ago made a new Canal, which goes to Ostend, that is but about three Leagues from it, and the Tide mounting almost half way, it bears Ships of 400 Tuns to Bruges; which maintains a standing Trade there. But it flourished more in former days, before Merchants had bethought of retiring to Antwerp. Bruges is one of the greatest and beautifullest Cities of Flanders, fortified with good Ditches, great Ramparts, and strong Walls. It is equally eight Leagues distant from Ghent, Courtray, Furnes, and Middlebourg. The Publick Buildings are very sumptuous, the Streets large and streight, with several fine Places, and chiefly that of the Market, whereat six great Streets begin that lead in a streight Line to the six principal Gates of the City. There are above 60 beautiful Churches. The Cathedral is that of St. Donat or Donatian. The Provost of this Collegial Church was born President in the Court called St. Donat, and Hereditary Chancellor of Flanders. But this Dignity has been united to the Episcopal Title, and the Bishop enjoys the Priviledges now. Pope Paul IV. founded in 1559 this Bishoprick, with the others of the Low-Countreys, and Peter Curtius of Bruges was the first Prelat of it. This City is divided into six Quarters, and 9 Parishes, comprehending the two which are in the Suburbs. Besides St. Donat, there are the Collegial Churches of St. Salvator and Our Lady, the Abbies of St. Andrew, of Audembourg, and divers Religious Houses. At the side of the Cathedral is the Bishops Palace, and over-against it is a great Market-Place, where the Town-House is, an ancient Building enriched with Figures, and divers curious Pieces of Sculpture. In the great Market is a high Tower, with a Clock, the Chiming whereof is Musical. There also is an old Building supported on Pillars, under which the Water runs, and Boats may pass. The Castle also deserves to be seen. Justice is rendred here by six Magistrates, who all have a particular Jurisdiction; to wit, the City, the Frank, the Provostship at present, the Bishoprick, the Court for Feodal Tenures, Zizleele, and Mandasche. There is also the Water-House, where there is an admirable Machin to convey Water into all the Quarters of the City. The Spaniards have a great Trade here in Wooll, Silk, Cotton, &c. There are a great many Tradesmen who make Fustians, Tapestries, Cloaths, Stuffs of Silk, &c. They are divided into 68 different Professions. This City had a share in the Troubles of the Low-Countreys, during the Civil Wars. It has given its name to divers great Men that were born in it, as to Bartholomew of Bruges a Learned Physician, to Walter of Bruges, and to divers others. The English loosing Calais in 1558, removed the Staple for Wooll to Bruges, and that for some time preserved it from decaying. Philip the first King of Spain was born here in 1478. Bruges stands 34 miles N. W. of Ghent, 11 E. of Ostend, 34 N. E. of Dunkirk, and 40 W. of Antwerp.</blockquote>

Brazil

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 13:43:20 GMT

1695. A New Body of Geography by A. Sewall & T. Child.

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:43, 13 June 2026
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	As concerning the inward part of Brasile, it is not much known; but what is known, take as followeth; The Inhabitants there go naked for the most part, and have the dexterity of passing great Rivers by the help of a Panyer, and a Rope. Three Letters of our Alphabet, are of no use amongst them, F, L, R; Some say, its because they have neither Faith, nor Law, nor Ruler. The Principal nations amongst them are, the Toupinambous, the Morguices, the Tapuyes, and others who differ in Manners, and in Language, and commonly are distinguish'd by divers Head-Gears, and Forms of Hair they wear. Their number was much greater before the coming of the Portuguese among 'em; several Toupinambous, to preserve their freedom, have traversed great Desarts, and are gone to dwell near the River Maranhaon. The Tapuyes are more hard to be Civiliz'd, than the Brasilians who inhabit Aldea's. These Aldea's are Villages, which have but five or six Houses, but very long, and each capable of containing five or six hundred Persons. Most of the Inhabitants of Brasile have made a brave Defence, notwithstanding the Wars they make among themselves; they have hindred the Europeans from making any progress in the Inlands of their Countrey, and have often ruined the Towns and Sugar-Engines, which the Christians had made along the Coast.</blockquote>		As concerning the inward part of Brasile, it is not much known; but what is known, take as followeth; The Inhabitants there go naked for the most part, and have the dexterity of passing great Rivers by the help of a Panyer, and a Rope. Three Letters of our Alphabet, are of no use amongst them, F, L, R; Some say, its because they have neither Faith, nor Law, nor Ruler. The Principal nations amongst them are, the Toupinambous, the Morguices, the Tapuyes, and others who differ in Manners, and in Language, and commonly are distinguish'd by divers Head-Gears, and Forms of Hair they wear. Their number was much greater before the coming of the Portuguese among 'em; several Toupinambous, to preserve their freedom, have traversed great Desarts, and are gone to dwell near the River Maranhaon. The Tapuyes are more hard to be Civiliz'd, than the Brasilians who inhabit Aldea's. These Aldea's are Villages, which have but five or six Houses, but very long, and each capable of containing five or six hundred Persons. Most of the Inhabitants of Brasile have made a brave Defence, notwithstanding the Wars they make among themselves; they have hindred the Europeans from making any progress in the Inlands of their Countrey, and have often ruined the Towns and Sugar-Engines, which the Christians had made along the Coast.</blockquote>

			=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===
			<blockquote>Bresil, or Brasil, a great Country of Southern America, lying on the Sea, from the River of the Amazones unto the Provinces of Paraguey. Its Coast is in Form of a great half Circle, of near 12000 Leagues, and the Sea waters it on three sides. Alvarez Cabral was the first who discovered this Country, in 1501, having been driven thither by a Tempest, and erected a Pillar with the Arms of the King of Portugal his Master, and Americus Vespucius discovered it afterterwards more exactly. The People there are all naked, they neither Sow nor Reap, but live by Hunting, and upon the Fruits, which the Land produceth abundantly of its own accord. They eat their Enemies, whom they take, rather to satisfie their Revenge, than their Taste; they have no Prince, no Laws, little Religion, and several amongst them did not think that there was a God before they learned it from the Europeans. Those in the Heart of the Country are still unknown, and have mutual Wars: Modern Relations name a hundred Sorts of these People, which is but a few, in regard of those we know not. The most famous, and best known, are the Margajas, the Toubinambours, the Morpious, Cariges, Tobajares, Paraibas, Ouetacas, the Petiguares, &c. The Portugues have rendered themselves Masters of what they found most pleasing and commodious along the Coast, where they established divers Goverments, which they call Captainships. There are now 14 of them along the Coast, from the River of the Amazones to Paraguay; to wit, Tamaraca the most ancient, Bahia de todas los Sanctos, the most famous, Pernambuco, Paras Maraham, Ciara, Rio Grande, Paraiba, Seregippe, Los Isleos, Porto Seguro, Spiritu Sancto, Rio Janeiro, and St. Vincent. The principal Cities of Bresil, are Salvador of the Bahia, De Todos los Sanctos, Olinda of Pernambuco, Puerto Seguro, St. Sebastian of Rio Janeiro, Spirito Sancto, Siera and others, which bear the Name of Captainships. This Country, which gives Name to the sort of Wood which we call Brasil, and which it abundantly furnishes, was called the Country of the Holy Cross, when Alvarez Cabral discovered it the first time in 1501. Though it is under the Torid Zone, the Air is nevertheless temperate enough, and the Waters excellent: And some Relations assure us, that these People live to 150 years. They are of a middle Stature, have big Heads, large Shoulders, reddish Complexion, brown Skin, and value nothing so much as War and Revenge. They divert themselves by Hunting, Fishing, and Feasting. The Mandiache, a kind of Root, serves for Bread, and the Cumin serves for Malt to brew Drink; salt or smoak'd Flesh, or Fish, are their delicious Dainties. They also eat Serpents, Adders, Toads, &c. which are there without Poyson. They Comb all their Body, upon which they leave no Hair, no, not so much as upon their Eyebrows; but a Crown only round about their Heads. They put to their Under-Lips, or Cheeks some little Bone very well polished, or a small Stone, which they esteem highly. Others cut their Skin in various Figures, and mix certain Colours which never wear out. They make themselves Caps, Neck-Laces, Cloaks, Girdles and Bracelets of Feathers of divers Colours. The Women do commonly let their Hair hang over their Shoulders. The Soil is more proper for Fruits, Pastures and Pulse, than for the Grains and Vines of Europe; so that they have abundance of sorts of Pulse, Fruit-Trees, Herbs, Beasts, Birds, and Fish, altogether unknown to us. They make great Advantages of their Palm-trees. The Wood of Bresil comes from their Araboutan, which is a thick Tree without Fruit. Here are also some Mines of Gold, but many more of Silver. Here are also Saffron, Cotton, Red Wood, Lacca, Balsam, Tobacco, some Ambergreese, and Mines of Jasper, with White and Red Crystal, and a very great quanty of Sugar, and amongst other sorts, that of Candi or Canti, whereof so great an Esteem is made, takes Name from this Place, and neither from its Whiteness, nor from the Isle of Candia, as has been thought. There is moreover such a diversity of Tongues amongst the People of Bresil, that Jarric assures us, that in his time, there were 60 different sorts. Those who remain among the Portuguees are almost all Christians, and inhabit the Aldees, which are Villages consisting of no more than four or five Houses, but so long, that they will contain more than 800 Persons each.</blockquote>

	=== 1695. A New Body of Geography by A. Sewall & T. Child. ===		=== 1695. A New Body of Geography by A. Sewall & T. Child. ===

Brandenbourg, City

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 13:42:18 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:42, 13 June 2026
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	=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===		=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===
			<blockquote>Brandenbourg, a Town of Germany, in the middle Marquisate of Brandenbourg, to which it gives its Name, and whereof some make it the Capital. It is scituated upon the Havel, betwixt Berlin and Magdebourg. The River separates it into two Parts; the Upper, or Old, is surrounded with Walls, fortified with little round Towers; and the other, called the New, has no other Defence than that of Nature, but is considerable enough, being scituated betwixt Ponds, Marshes, and a River, which carries thither great Boats coming from the Elbe. The Upper City hath great Streets, built in form of a Cross, and at the Place where they meet, a fine Market, with the Town-House. It also has on one side a Hill covered with Vines, with the Church of Our Lady, which in times past was a rich Abbey. Some say that this Town was called Brenoburgum from Breno, General of the Gauls; and others derive its Name from Brando, a Prince of the Franks, Son to Marcomirus. This City has many Priviledges granted to it by Emperors, Kings and Princes, in token whereof, there is a Statue of a Man erected in the New Town, with a naked Sword in his Right-Hand, which the Inhabitants called Rowland. It was taken by the Suedes in 1675, but re-taken again. Long. 35. 00. Lat. 52. 39. 12 Miles West of Koningsberg, and 72 from Dantzick.</blockquote>
	<blockquote>Brandenbourg, a Country of Germany, with the Title of Marquisate, and Electorate of the Empire, betwixt Prussia, Pomerania, Meklebourg, Upper and Lower Saxony, the Duchy of Brunswick, and Lusatia. It is divided into three Parts, or Marches: e. i. Marquisates, Old Marche, or Altemark on the West of the Elb; the Middle or Mittelmark betwixt the Elb and the Oder; and the New Marche, or New Mark on the East of the Oder. The Elb discharges it self into the Ocean, and the Oder into the Baltick Sea; and of late there has been a great Channel made for the joyning of these two Rivers together by the Havel: So the Commerce has been facilitated, and People endeavoured to free themselves from the Payment of the Duties of the Sound. Berlin is the Capital City of the Country, upon the Sprehe, as well as Brandenbourg, which is also a City. The others are Frankfort upon the Oder, Tangermund upon the Elbe, Seunemberg, Landspreg, Havelberg, Verben, &c. with the Fortress of Kustrin, Spandau and Peits. This Country is good and fertile, and the Inhabitants are almost all Lutherans, though the Elector of Brandenbourg is a Calvinist. The Electoral Dignity is annex'd to the Marquisate; but besides that, it has the Duchies of Prussia and Cleves, with those of Crossen and Jargendorf in Silesia, the Principalities of Alberstad and Minden; the Reversion of the Duchy of Magdebourg, Lower Pomerania, with the Administration of the •ishoprick of Camin. The five last were yielded to him by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, with the Fort of Wiltzbourg, for part of Pomerania, which he yielded to the Suedes. There are besides in the Family of Brandenbourg, the Marquisates of Culembach, Anspach, or Onspach, the County of Ravensbourg, &c. The Fortress of Rustrin, Pillau, Memel, Colberg in Pomerania, Driessen, The Possessions of the Elector of Brandenbourg are considerable, extending from the Duchy of Cleves unto Prussia, distant from one another the space of 200 German Miles; but his States are not united. The Family of Brandenbourg is divided into three Branches. In the Order of the Assemblies, he is the last save one of the Electors, since the Eighth Electorate hath been created. He has his Seat and Voice as Prince of Halberstad and Minden. As Duke of the farthermost Pomerania, he takes his Turn with the Duke of hithermost Pomerania, for the Suffrage which belongs to them in common; and as Duke of Magdebourg, he does the like with the Duke of Bremen in the Direction of the inferior Circle of Saxony, whereof he is a Member. His younger Brothers are called to the States, and give in their Opinion each apart; but they cannot definitively judge their Subjects, if the Sum exceeds 400 Florins, of the Rhine, which are about 60 l. Sterling. The Elector of Brandenbourg is Grand Chamberlain of the Empire: He has his Place on the Right-hand of the Duke of Saxony, and carries the Scepter before the Emperor. In discharging at Solemnities the Duty of Great Chamberlain, he rides on Horseback from the Hall-Door to the Cupboard, where he takes the Bason, the Ewer, and the Napkin, and then he returns af-after the same manner, and alighting, he pours out Water for the Emperor to wash his Hands. The Country of Brandenbourg has been in times past possessed by the Teutons, the Suevians, and afterwards by the Semnons or Sennonois, the Vandals, and the Saxons. The latter were subdued by Charlemaign. Brandenbourg was then possessed partly by the Henetians. The Emperor Henry the Fowler defeated them about the Year 927, and made Sigefroy, Count of Rifugelheim, Brother to the Empress, Marquis, that is, Governor of that Marche or Frontier. In the Marquisate of Brandenbourg, with its Dependencies, are 55 large Cities, 64 great Towns, 16 lesser Towns, 38 Castles, 17 Abbeys, and 10 large Deer-Parks. The Country produces Coral, Eagle-Stone, Plume-Allum, and other rare Stones. Authors speak differently of the Original of the Noble and Powerful Family of Brandenbourg; for some are of Opinion that the Marquis of Baden, the Arck-Duke of Austria, and Marquis of Brandenbourg, are descended of the ancient Family of Alsace; but it's more probable that the Counts of Zolern, or Hohen Zolern in Suevia, from whom the present Elector is Lineally descended, were the Off-spring of Peter Colomne, banished out of Italy by Pope Paschal II. as being a Guelph, and endowed with large Possessions by the Emperor Henry V. in Suabia. We will begin at Conrad, Count of Zolren, who having Married Ann, Heiress to the Burgrave of Nurinberg, was invested in the Burgraviate by the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa: Frederick I. his Successor, dy'd in 1218, whose eldest Son Conrad dying without Issue, his Brother Frederick II. succeeded, who left two Sons. Conrad III. who gave all his Possessions to pious Uses, and made his three Sons Clergy-men; and Frederick III. who was succeeded by John I. and this by John II. who left Frederick V. Father of John III. Burgrave of Nurimberg, and of Frederick VI. First Elector of Brandenburg, of the Family of Zollern, who sold a great part of the Burgraviate to the City of Nurinberg; made War against Pomerania and the Hussites, and against Bernard, Duke of Saxe Lawenburg. Frederick II. Sirnamed Ironteeth, succeeded him, refused the Crowns of Poland and Bohemia, which was offered him, was chosen Protector of the Council of Basil in 1434; made War against Bohemia for Lusatia in 1461, and against the Duke of Pomerania, about the Succession; and in 1470, resigned his Electoral Dignity to his Brother Albert, to go into the Holy Land. This Albert, Sirnamed the Ulysses and Achilles of Germany, was so Powerful, that the Emperor did nothing without his Advice, which gave People occasion to say, that Albert administred the Empire by the Emperor Frederick. He made a Compact of Mutual Succession with the House of Saxony and Hesse. His Son John, called the Great for his Stature, and the Cicero of Germany for his Eloquence, was succeeded by Joachim I. called Nestor Germanicus, a very Learned Prince, who excelled particularly in the Knowledge of Languages, Mathematicks, Astrology and History, founded the University of Frankfort upon the Order, and was so zealous a Papist, that he design'd to have imprison'd Elizabeth his Wife, Daughter of John, King of Denmark, for embracing Luther's Doctrine; punished 38 Jews, and one Christian; the last for selling an Hostie to the other, and them for running their Knives into it. His Son Joachim II. made open Profession of Lutheranism, was declar'd General of the Imperial Army in 1542, broke the Power of the Turks, and was poyson'd by a Jewish Doctor in 1571. John George, his Son, reveng'd his Death, banish'd the Jews out of his Dominions, renew'd the Agreement of Mutual Succession with the House of Saxony and Hesse, and dy'd in 1598. Joachim Frederick, Arch-Bishop of Magdeburg, succeeded his Father, and dy'd of an Apoplexy in 1608. His Son John Sigismond succeeded, and in 1614 embrac'd Calvin's Doctrine, Married Ann, Eldest Daughter of Albert Frederick Duke of Prussia, and of Mary Eleanor of Cleves, by whom he had a Right to the Dukedoms of Prussia and Cleves; he dy'd in 1619. His Son George William succeeded, and at first sided with Gustavus Adolphus, but afterwards turn'd his Arms against the Suedes,, who had possessed themselves of several Places in Pomerania: He dy'd in 1640, and was succeeded by Frederick William the Great, who for his Power in the Empire, and incredible Experience of Things, was esteem'd the common Father of Germany. In a word, He was a Pious, Victorious, Just, and Merciful Prince, one of the Heros of the Age, and a zealous Asserter of the Protestant Religion. His Sister Lovisa Charlotte was Married to James Duke of Curland in 1645, and Hedwidge Sophia Married in 1649 to William Langrave of Hesse Cassel. Frederick William took to his first Wife, in 1646, Lovisa Henrietta of Nassau, Daughter to Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, and Amelia Counters of Solm. This Electoress dying in 1667, he took to his second Wife, in 1668, Dorothy of Holsace, Daughter to Philip, Duke of Holsace Glucksbourg, and Widow of Christian, Duke of Lunebourg Zell: He had 13 Children by both; by the first, 1. William Henry, Born in 1648, who dy'd in 1649. 2. Charles Aemilius, born in 1655, and dy'd in 1674. 3. Frederick III. born in 1657. 4, 5. Henry and Amalia, Twins, born in 1664, but both dead. 6. Lewis, born in 1668, who Married Lovisa Charlotte Ratzivilia, dy'd Issuless in 1687. 7. Philip William, born in 1669, gave several Proofs of Valour against the French in this present War. By the second Wife, he had 8. Maria Amilia, born in 1670, Married in 1687 to Charles, Hereditary Prince of Gustrave, who dying in 1688, she married Maurice William, Duke of Saxony, and Administrator of Naumburg. 9. Albert Frederick; born in January 1672. 10. Charles Philip, born in 1673. 11. Elizabeth Sophia, born in 1674. 12. Dorothy, born in 1675; and 13. Christianus Lodovicus, born in 1677. Frederick William dying in 1688, his Son Frederick, the present Elector, in 1679, Married Elizabeth Henrietta, Daughter of William, Landtgrave of Hesse Cassel; and she dying in 1683, he took to his second Wife, in 1684, Sophia Charlotta, Daughter of Ernest August, Bishop of Osnaburg, and Duke of Brunswick and Luneburg. By the first he had Lovisa Dorothea Sophia, born in 1680. By the Second, Frederick August, born in 1685, who dy'd the next Year; and Frederick William, born in 1688. This Elector takes the Title of Marquis of Brandenbourg, Great Chamberlain, and Elector of the Roman Empire, Duke of Magdebourg, Prussia, Juliers, Cleves, Mons or Berg, Stetin, Pomerania, Cesubia, Vandalia, Silesia, Crossen, and Jargendorff: Burgrave of Nuremburg, Duke of Rugia, Prince of Alberstad and Minden, Earl of Marche and Ravensperg, Lord of Roslein. The Collateral Branches of this Family will be mentioned in their proper Places. Crants. Leti.</blockquote>

Brandenbourg

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 13:42:02 GMT

Admin moved page Brandenbourg to Brandenbourg, City

New page

=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===
<blockquote>Brandenbourg, a Country of Germany, with the Title of Marquisate, and Electorate of the Empire, betwixt Prussia, Pomerania, Meklebourg, Upper and Lower Saxony, the Duchy of Brunswick, and Lusatia. It is divided into three Parts, or Marches: e. i. Marquisates, Old Marche, or Altemark on the West of the Elb; the Middle or Mittelmark betwixt the Elb and the Oder; and the New Marche, or New Mark on the East of the Oder. The Elb discharges it self into the Ocean, and the Oder into the Baltick Sea; and of late there has been a great Channel made for the joyning of these two Rivers together by the Havel: So the Commerce has been facilitated, and People endeavoured to free themselves from the Payment of the Duties of the Sound. Berlin is the Capital City of the Country, upon the Sprehe, as well as Brandenbourg, which is also a City. The others are Frankfort upon the Oder, Tangermund upon the Elbe, Seunemberg, Landspreg, Havelberg, Verben, &c. with the Fortress of Kustrin, Spandau and Peits. This Country is good and fertile, and the Inhabitants are almost all Lutherans, though the Elector of Brandenbourg is a Calvinist. The Electoral Dignity is annex'd to the Marquisate; but besides that, it has the Duchies of Prussia and Cleves, with those of Crossen and Jargendorf in Silesia, the Principalities of Alberstad and Minden; the Reversion of the Duchy of Magdebourg, Lower Pomerania, with the Administration of the •ishoprick of Camin. The five last were yielded to him by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, with the Fort of Wiltzbourg, for part of Pomerania, which he yielded to the Suedes. There are besides in the Family of Brandenbourg, the Marquisates of Culembach, Anspach, or Onspach, the County of Ravensbourg, &c. The Fortress of Rustrin, Pillau, Memel, Colberg in Pomerania, Driessen, The Possessions of the Elector of Brandenbourg are considerable, extending from the Duchy of Cleves unto Prussia, distant from one another the space of 200 German Miles; but his States are not united. The Family of Brandenbourg is divided into three Branches. In the Order of the Assemblies, he is the last save one of the Electors, since the Eighth Electorate hath been created. He has his Seat and Voice as Prince of Halberstad and Minden. As Duke of the farthermost Pomerania, he takes his Turn with the Duke of hithermost Pomerania, for the Suffrage which belongs to them in common; and as Duke of Magdebourg, he does the like with the Duke of Bremen in the Direction of the inferior Circle of Saxony, whereof he is a Member. His younger Brothers are called to the States, and give in their Opinion each apart; but they cannot definitively judge their Subjects, if the Sum exceeds 400 Florins, of the Rhine, which are about 60 l. Sterling. The Elector of Brandenbourg is Grand Chamberlain of the Empire: He has his Place on the Right-hand of the Duke of Saxony, and carries the Scepter before the Emperor. In discharging at Solemnities the Duty of Great Chamberlain, he rides on Horseback from the Hall-Door to the Cupboard, where he takes the Bason, the Ewer, and the Napkin, and then he returns af-after the same manner, and alighting, he pours out Water for the Emperor to wash his Hands. The Country of Brandenbourg has been in times past possessed by the Teutons, the Suevians, and afterwards by the Semnons or Sennonois, the Vandals, and the Saxons. The latter were subdued by Charlemaign. Brandenbourg was then possessed partly by the Henetians. The Emperor Henry the Fowler defeated them about the Year 927, and made Sigefroy, Count of Rifugelheim, Brother to the Empress, Marquis, that is, Governor of that Marche or Frontier. In the Marquisate of Brandenbourg, with its Dependencies, are 55 large Cities, 64 great Towns, 16 lesser Towns, 38 Castles, 17 Abbeys, and 10 large Deer-Parks. The Country produces Coral, Eagle-Stone, Plume-Allum, and other rare Stones. Authors speak differently of the Original of the Noble and Powerful Family of Brandenbourg; for some are of Opinion that the Marquis of Baden, the Arck-Duke of Austria, and Marquis of Brandenbourg, are descended of the ancient Family of Alsace; but it's more probable that the Counts of Zolern, or Hohen Zolern in Suevia, from whom the present Elector is Lineally descended, were the Off-spring of Peter Colomne, banished out of Italy by Pope Paschal II. as being a Guelph, and endowed with large Possessions by the Emperor Henry V. in Suabia. We will begin at Conrad, Count of Zolren, who having Married Ann, Heiress to the Burgrave of Nurinberg, was invested in the Burgraviate by the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa: Frederick I. his Successor, dy'd in 1218, whose eldest Son Conrad dying without Issue, his Brother Frederick II. succeeded, who left two Sons. Conrad III. who gave all his Possessions to pious Uses, and made his three Sons Clergy-men; and Frederick III. who was succeeded by John I. and this by John II. who left Frederick V. Father of John III. Burgrave of Nurimberg, and of Frederick VI. First Elector of Brandenburg, of the Family of Zollern, who sold a great part of the Burgraviate to the City of Nurinberg; made War against Pomerania and the Hussites, and against Bernard, Duke of Saxe Lawenburg. Frederick II. Sirnamed Ironteeth, succeeded him, refused the Crowns of Poland and Bohemia, which was offered him, was chosen Protector of the Council of Basil in 1434; made War against Bohemia for Lusatia in 1461, and against the Duke of Pomerania, about the Succession; and in 1470, resigned his Electoral Dignity to his Brother Albert, to go into the Holy Land. This Albert, Sirnamed the Ulysses and Achilles of Germany, was so Powerful, that the Emperor did nothing without his Advice, which gave People occasion to say, that Albert administred the Empire by the Emperor Frederick. He made a Compact of Mutual Succession with the House of Saxony and Hesse. His Son John, called the Great for his Stature, and the Cicero of Germany for his Eloquence, was succeeded by Joachim I. called Nestor Germanicus, a very Learned Prince, who excelled particularly in the Knowledge of Languages, Mathematicks, Astrology and History, founded the University of Frankfort upon the Order, and was so zealous a Papist, that he design'd to have imprison'd Elizabeth his Wife, Daughter of John, King of Denmark, for embracing Luther's Doctrine; punished 38 Jews, and one Christian; the last for selling an Hostie to the other, and them for running their Knives into it. His Son Joachim II. made open Profession of Lutheranism, was declar'd General of the Imperial Army in 1542, broke the Power of the Turks, and was poyson'd by a Jewish Doctor in 1571. John George, his Son, reveng'd his Death, banish'd the Jews out of his Dominions, renew'd the Agreement of Mutual Succession with the House of Saxony and Hesse, and dy'd in 1598. Joachim Frederick, Arch-Bishop of Magdeburg, succeeded his Father, and dy'd of an Apoplexy in 1608. His Son John Sigismond succeeded, and in 1614 embrac'd Calvin's Doctrine, Married Ann, Eldest Daughter of Albert Frederick Duke of Prussia, and of Mary Eleanor of Cleves, by whom he had a Right to the Dukedoms of Prussia and Cleves; he dy'd in 1619. His Son George William succeeded, and at first sided with Gustavus Adolphus, but afterwards turn'd his Arms against the Suedes,, who had possessed themselves of several Places in Pomerania: He dy'd in 1640, and was succeeded by Frederick William the Great, who for his Power in the Empire, and incredible Experience of Things, was esteem'd the common Father of Germany. In a word, He was a Pious, Victorious, Just, and Merciful Prince, one of the Heros of the Age, and a zealous Asserter of the Protestant Religion. His Sister Lovisa Charlotte was Married to James Duke of Curland in 1645, and Hedwidge Sophia Married in 1649 to William Langrave of Hesse Cassel. Frederick William took to his first Wife, in 1646, Lovisa Henrietta of Nassau, Daughter to Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, and Amelia Counters of Solm. This Electoress dying in 1667, he took to his second Wife, in 1668, Dorothy of Holsace, Daughter to Philip, Duke of Holsace Glucksbourg, and Widow of Christian, Duke of Lunebourg Zell: He had 13 Children by both; by the first, 1. William Henry, Born in 1648, who dy'd in 1649. 2. Charles Aemilius, born in 1655, and dy'd in 1674. 3. Frederick III. born in 1657. 4, 5. Henry and Amalia, Twins, born in 1664, but both dead. 6. Lewis, born in 1668, who Married Lovisa Charlotte Ratzivilia, dy'd Issuless in 1687. 7. Philip William, born in 1669, gave several Proofs of Valour against the French in this present War. By the second Wife, he had 8. Maria Amilia, born in 1670, Married in 1687 to Charles, Hereditary Prince of Gustrave, who dying in 1688, she married Maurice William, Duke of Saxony, and Administrator of Naumburg. 9. Albert Frederick; born in January 1672. 10. Charles Philip, born in 1673. 11. Elizabeth Sophia, born in 1674. 12. Dorothy, born in 1675; and 13. Christianus Lodovicus, born in 1677. Frederick William dying in 1688, his Son Frederick, the present Elector, in 1679, Married Elizabeth Henrietta, Daughter of William, Landtgrave of Hesse Cassel; and she dying in 1683, he took to his second Wife, in 1684, Sophia Charlotta, Daughter of Ernest August, Bishop of Osnaburg, and Duke of Brunswick and Luneburg. By the first he had Lovisa Dorothea Sophia, born in 1680. By the Second, Frederick August, born in 1685, who dy'd the next Year; and Frederick William, born in 1688. This Elector takes the Title of Marquis of Brandenbourg, Great Chamberlain, and Elector of the Roman Empire, Duke of Magdebourg, Prussia, Juliers, Cleves, Mons or Berg, Stetin, Pomerania, Cesubia, Vandalia, Silesia, Crossen, and Jargendorff: Burgrave of Nuremburg, Duke of Rugia, Prince of Alberstad and Minden, Earl of Marche and Ravensperg, Lord of Roslein. The Collateral Branches of this Family will be mentioned in their proper Places. Crants. Leti.</blockquote>

Brandenburg

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 13:41:23 GMT

Admin moved page Brandenburg to Brandenburg, Province

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	A Duce quae Brenno condita nomen habet.		A Duce quae Brenno condita nomen habet.
	Going to Italie, that Cittie I did leave		Going to Italie, that Cittie I did leave

	Which from Duke Brennus doth her name receive.</blockquote>Charles the Great did beseige them a long time, and Henry Auceps overthrew them neere Brenna, and put a Garrison in the Cittie, with a Colonie of Saxons. This Marquiship is 60 Germaine miles long. On the West it is boundered with Saxonie, Misnia, and the Megalope•sians Country; on the North it hath the Stetinians, Pomeranians, and Cassubians; and on the East it hath Polonia, and Silesia: and on the South [[Bohemia]], Lusatia, and [[Moravia]]. The Countrie is very fruitefull, especially for corne: it hath also Vineyards, out of which they make great store of wine. Moreover this Country doth produce Corall, and many pretious stones. Moreover the Marquesse of Brandenburg is one of the Electors of the Empire, and is counted one of the richest, and most potent Princes of Germanie. Who besides his Marquiship, hath also many Citties, in the Countie of Lusatia and in [[Silesia]]. There was a divers and various succession of Princes, for the line of the Marquesses being extinct, Ludovicke Bavarus in the yeare 1119, gave this Principalitie to his sonne Ludovicke: the Bavarians in the yeare 1363, solde it to the Emperour Charles King of Bohemia: and so from Iohn the sonne of Charles, the Marquiship passed to the Princes of Moravia, Iudocus, and Procopius: Iudocus being much endebted did morgage it to William Marquesse of Misnia: at length in the yeare 1417, in the Councell at Constantia, King Sigismund gave it to Fredericke Burgrave of Noriburg. The whole Marquiship is divided into three parts, namely into the Old, the Middle, and the New. The Old Marquiship beginneth at the Desart or Forrest of Luneburg, and stretcheth even to the River Albis. It confineth also on the Dioecesses of Magdeburg, Halberstadt, and Megalopolis. The inhabitants hereof were formerly the Senonians and Suevians, and also the Angrivarians, and Teutons. In this tract there are seaven great Citties, namely Tangeramond neere the River Albis, and situated there where Angra or Tonagr• doth emptie it selfe into it; it was heretofore the seate of the Emperour Charles the fourth. Also Stendalium, which is the chiefe Cittie of this Marquiship. There is also Soltwedelum which is divided into two Citties, the Old and the New: also Gardelen with the Castell Eischnippia. Also Osterburg, Werbum, Senohousum, which was so called from the Senons. The lesser Townes are Arnburg situate by the River Albis, with a Castell adjoyning to it. Also Bis•marchum, Bostera, and Bucka, not farre from Albis; also Kalba, and Mestinga, which they call Letzolinga. And moreover here are 465 Villages. The middle Marquiship doth begin at another part of Albis, and doth reach to the Rivers Odera, and Su•vum commonly called Spre. It was formerly inhabited by the Su•vians. The Metropolis of this Marquiship is Brandenburg, which is a famous Cittie situated by the River Havila, which some thinke, was builded and named by Duke Brennus: some suppose that it was built by Brandon Prince of France, sonne to Marcomir, who about the yeare of Christ 140 did subdue this Countrie. Here was the Vandals Pantheon, whose gods were Zarneb•cke, and Swandewitz, besides others, as it is related in the Chronicles of Mersburg. Here the high Court is kept for all the Countrie. This Cittie hath many priviledges and immunities, which were heretofore granted by Emperours, Kings, and Princes: which appeareth by a statue which standeth in the New part of the Cittie, holding in his right hand a drawne sword, which they call Roland. The next to Brandenburg is Rathenavium seated by the River Su•vus: and also the two Townes Colonia and Berlinum, which are separated by the River Suevius. There is also Franckford a chiefe Cittie, very pleasantly seated by the River Viadrus (which they call Odera) which hath great store of fish: this River runneth on the Eastside; the other parts of the Citty are encompassed with pleasant hills, and choise Vineyards, out of which they make wine, which they carry downe the River unto Pomerania, [[Denmark\|Denmarke]], Borussia, and other places. This Cittie was first built in the yeare 1253 by Gedine of Hertsperg, by the command of Iohn the first Marquesse of Brandenburg. It is a famous Mart Towne, and hath three Faires kept there every yeare. It hath an Academie for Arts, Languages, and Sciences, which was built in the yeare 1506, by Marquesse Ioachim, and endowed with revenewes. In which there have beene from the first institution thereof most excellent professors of Arts and Sciences, some of which Sebastian Munster reckoneth. There are also other Townes as Breitza, surnamed Fid•. also Belitza, Bernavium, Cellinum, Mittemwaldum, Monachobergum, Bisenthalum, Blumoberga, Botzavium: also Fryenwaldum and Oderebergum. Here Marquesse Albert the second built a Castell by the River, which commanded those that sayled by it to pay custome. There are also Frisachum, Gereswaldum, Grimmitzum, Grunchyda, Grunewaldum, and Koppenicum. Also the little Towne Lichenum, and Parstainumum with a Castell: also the little Towne Mulrosa; Bornavicum, and the little Towne Lossa, with a Castell, also the small Townes Wruzonum, and Selowium, and many other Townes and Villages. The new Marquiship is disjoyned from the middle Marquiship by the River Odera, where the River Warta doth discharge it selfe into Odera neere Costrinum. The chiefe Cittie in this Marquiship is Gostrinum, which was reedified by Marquesse Iohn the sonne of Ioachim the first, and well fortified, and chosen to be the Princes seate. There are other Citties as L•nsberg by the River Warta, also Regiomons, B•rnwaldum, and the little Towne Bers•cinum with a Castell, also Bernaw•cum and Berlinicum, or the Towne new Berlins Moreover there is the Cittie Arnswaldum, the little Towne Thamum, and Soldinum, which was heretofore the prime Cittie of this Marquiship. There is also the little Towne Purstenfeld: and Bramburg, Dri•senum, and the Cittie Falkeburg with a Castell, which is situated on the consines of Pomera•i•. Also Kartaw, Lepena, Morinum Schiffelbenum, Osemundum, Sco••flies: Woldenberg, Zedon, Zandocum. Some divide the whole Marquiship into seaven or eight Provinces, which are these, Alde Marck, or old Marchia; Meddel Marck, or the middle Marquiship, new Marck, or the new Marquiship, the Dukedomes of Vber Marck, Pregnitz, and Croffen; the Lordships of Sterneberg and Cotbus, and also a part of L•sat•a. There are also lesser Countries in these Provinces, as Rapin, and Vterrad•n, and Kustren, which are Marquiships. The whole Marquiship of Brandenburg, with the territories belonging thereunto doth containe 55 great Citties, 64 Townes, 16 little Townes, which they commonly call Marctflecken, 38 Castells, or noblemens houses, and 17 Monasteries. It is watered with the Rivers Odera; or Viadrus, Suevus, Albis, Havela, Warta, and others. Neere the Monasterie of Carthusians at Franckford, there is a little Rivulet, which riseth out of a hill of Vines, which as it hath beene proved, doth harden everything that is cast into it, and turnes it into a stone. And so much concerning the Marquiship of Brandenburg; it remaineth that wee speake something concerning Pomerania which is contayned in this Table.		Which from Duke Brennus doth her name receive.</blockquote>Charles the Great did beseige them a long time, and Henry Auceps overthrew them neere Brenna, and put a Garrison in the Cittie, with a Colonie of Saxons. This Marquiship is 60 Germaine miles long. On the West it is boundered with Saxonie, Misnia, and the Megalope•sians Country; on the North it hath the Stetinians, Pomeranians, and Cassubians; and on the East it hath Polonia, and Silesia: and on the South [[Bohemia]], Lusatia, and [[Moravia]]. The Countrie is very fruitefull, especially for corne: it hath also Vineyards, out of which they make great store of wine. Moreover this Country doth produce Corall, and many pretious stones. Moreover the Marquesse of Brandenburg is one of the Electors of the Empire, and is counted one of the richest, and most potent Princes of Germanie. Who besides his Marquiship, hath also many Citties, in the Countie of Lusatia and in [[Silesia]]. There was a divers and various succession of Princes, for the line of the Marquesses being extinct, Ludovicke Bavarus in the yeare 1119, gave this Principalitie to his sonne Ludovicke: the Bavarians in the yeare 1363, solde it to the Emperour Charles King of Bohemia: and so from Iohn the sonne of Charles, the Marquiship passed to the Princes of Moravia, Iudocus, and Procopius: Iudocus being much endebted did morgage it to William Marquesse of Misnia: at length in the yeare 1417, in the Councell at Constantia, King Sigismund gave it to Fredericke Burgrave of Noriburg. The whole Marquiship is divided into three parts, namely into the Old, the Middle, and the New. The Old Marquiship beginneth at the Desart or Forrest of Luneburg, and stretcheth even to the River Albis. It confineth also on the Dioecesses of Magdeburg, Halberstadt, and Megalopolis. The inhabitants hereof were formerly the Senonians and Suevians, and also the Angrivarians, and Teutons. In this tract there are seaven great Citties, namely Tangeramond neere the River Albis, and situated there where Angra or Tonagr• doth emptie it selfe into it; it was heretofore the seate of the Emperour Charles the fourth. Also Stendalium, which is the chiefe Cittie of this Marquiship. There is also Soltwedelum which is divided into two Citties, the Old and the New: also Gardelen with the Castell Eischnippia. Also Osterburg, Werbum, Senohousum, which was so called from the Senons. The lesser Townes are Arnburg situate by the River Albis, with a Castell adjoyning to it. Also Bis•marchum, Bostera, and Bucka, not farre from Albis; also Kalba, and Mestinga, which they call Letzolinga. And moreover here are 465 Villages. The middle Marquiship doth begin at another part of Albis, and doth reach to the Rivers Odera, and Su•vum commonly called Spre. It was formerly inhabited by the Su•vians. The Metropolis of this Marquiship is Brandenburg, which is a famous Cittie situated by the River Havila, which some thinke, was builded and named by Duke Brennus: some suppose that it was built by Brandon Prince of France, sonne to Marcomir, who about the yeare of Christ 140 did subdue this Countrie. Here was the Vandals Pantheon, whose gods were Zarneb•cke, and Swandewitz, besides others, as it is related in the Chronicles of Mersburg. Here the high Court is kept for all the Countrie. This Cittie hath many priviledges and immunities, which were heretofore granted by Emperours, Kings, and Princes: which appeareth by a statue which standeth in the New part of the Cittie, holding in his right hand a drawne sword, which they call Roland. The next to Brandenburg is Rathenavium seated by the River Su•vus: and also the two Townes Colonia and Berlinum, which are separated by the River Suevius. There is also Franckford a chiefe Cittie, very pleasantly seated by the River Viadrus (which they call Odera) which hath great store of fish: this River runneth on the Eastside; the other parts of the Citty are encompassed with pleasant hills, and choise Vineyards, out of which they make wine, which they carry downe the River unto Pomerania, [[Denmark\|Denmarke]], Borussia, and other places. This Cittie was first built in the yeare 1253 by Gedine of Hertsperg, by the command of Iohn the first Marquesse of Brandenburg. It is a famous Mart Towne, and hath three Faires kept there every yeare. It hath an Academie for Arts, Languages, and Sciences, which was built in the yeare 1506, by Marquesse Ioachim, and endowed with revenewes. In which there have beene from the first institution thereof most excellent professors of Arts and Sciences, some of which Sebastian Munster reckoneth. There are also other Townes as Breitza, surnamed Fid•. also Belitza, Bernavium, Cellinum, Mittemwaldum, Monachobergum, Bisenthalum, Blumoberga, Botzavium: also Fryenwaldum and Oderebergum. Here Marquesse Albert the second built a Castell by the River, which commanded those that sayled by it to pay custome. There are also Frisachum, Gereswaldum, Grimmitzum, Grunchyda, Grunewaldum, and Koppenicum. Also the little Towne Lichenum, and Parstainumum with a Castell: also the little Towne Mulrosa; Bornavicum, and the little Towne Lossa, with a Castell, also the small Townes Wruzonum, and Selowium, and many other Townes and Villages. The new Marquiship is disjoyned from the middle Marquiship by the River Odera, where the River Warta doth discharge it selfe into Odera neere Costrinum. The chiefe Cittie in this Marquiship is Gostrinum, which was reedified by Marquesse Iohn the sonne of Ioachim the first, and well fortified, and chosen to be the Princes seate. There are other Citties as L•nsberg by the River Warta, also Regiomons, B•rnwaldum, and the little Towne Bers•cinum with a Castell, also Bernaw•cum and Berlinicum, or the Towne new Berlins Moreover there is the Cittie Arnswaldum, the little Towne Thamum, and Soldinum, which was heretofore the prime Cittie of this Marquiship. There is also the little Towne Purstenfeld: and Bramburg, Dri•senum, and the Cittie Falkeburg with a Castell, which is situated on the consines of Pomera•i•. Also Kartaw, Lepena, Morinum Schiffelbenum, Osemundum, Sco••flies: Woldenberg, Zedon, Zandocum. Some divide the whole Marquiship into seaven or eight Provinces, which are these, Alde Marck, or old Marchia; Meddel Marck, or the middle Marquiship, new Marck, or the new Marquiship, the Dukedomes of Vber Marck, Pregnitz, and Croffen; the Lordships of Sterneberg and Cotbus, and also a part of L•sat•a. There are also lesser Countries in these Provinces, as Rapin, and Vterrad•n, and Kustren, which are Marquiships. The whole Marquiship of Brandenburg, with the territories belonging thereunto doth containe 55 great Citties, 64 Townes, 16 little Townes, which they commonly call Marctflecken, 38 Castells, or noblemens houses, and 17 Monasteries. It is watered with the Rivers Odera; or Viadrus, Suevus, Albis, Havela, Warta, and others. Neere the Monasterie of Carthusians at Franckford, there is a little Rivulet, which riseth out of a hill of Vines, which as it hath beene proved, doth harden everything that is cast into it, and turnes it into a stone. And so much concerning the Marquiship of Brandenburg; it remaineth that wee speake something concerning Pomerania which is contayned in this Table.


	Pomerania was called by the first inhabitants in the Vandall speech Pamortza, now it is a Dukedome which lyeth by the Balthick sea, and it is stretched in a long tract of ground, from the borders of Holsatia, to the consines of Livonia. The Countrie is every where very fruitfull, having pleasant Medowes, and greene pastures. It hath such abundance of Corne, Butter, Honey, Wax, Flax, Hempe, and other such like commodities, that the inhabitants make a great benefit of them by transporting them to other Countries. The inhabitants also doe gather up Amber by the Sea side, but in lesser quantitie than the Borussians. There are divers kindes of tame cattell, and heards of wilde beasts, which runne up and downe in the woods. This Countrie had always Lord, and inhabitants of its owne, which were never conquered, nor driven out of their Countrie. Heere are many faire Citties. The chiefe is Stetimum, by the river Viadrus, which was heretofore a long fisher Towne, seated on the bancke of the River, and after it had received the Christian faith, the Mart being translated thither it began to encrease, so that it is now the Metropolis of Pomerania. Gripswald•n is a famous towne, for learning and good Arts, there was an Vniversitie built there in the yeare 1546. Iulinum accounted heretofore the greatest towne in all Europe, was a Mart towne of the Vandalls. Stralsundia is a faire Towne on the shore of the Balthick sea, having heretofore a Duke thereof. Wineta is a very rich sea-faring Towne, but it was ruinated by Conradus King of Denmarke. There are also other Citties, as Neugardia, Lemburga, Stargardia, Bergradum, C•menez, Publina, Grifenburga: and by the shoare side there are Colberga, Caminum, Collinum, Sunda, Pucka, Revecol, Lovensburg, and Hechel. And so much briefely concerning Pomerania. Also Mecklenburg or the Dukedome of Magnopolis is contained in this Table. There are also in the same Table these Ecclesiastickes; the Bishop of Magdeburg Primate of Germanie, under whom are the Bishops of Brandenburg, in the Marquiship of Brandenburg, and the Bishop of Havelburg in Mecklenburg; also the Bishop of Swerinium under the Bishop of Bremes; in Pomerania there is the Bishop of Camin.</blockquote>		Pomerania was called by the first inhabitants in the Vandall speech Pamortza, now it is a Dukedome which lyeth by the Balthick sea, and it is stretched in a long tract of ground, from the borders of Holsatia, to the consines of Livonia. The Countrie is every where very fruitfull, having pleasant Medowes, and greene pastures. It hath such abundance of Corne, Butter, Honey, Wax, Flax, Hempe, and other such like commodities, that the inhabitants make a great benefit of them by transporting them to other Countries. The inhabitants also doe gather up Amber by the Sea side, but in lesser quantitie than the Borussians. There are divers kindes of tame cattell, and heards of wilde beasts, which runne up and downe in the woods. This Countrie had always Lord, and inhabitants of its owne, which were never conquered, nor driven out of their Countrie. Heere are many faire Citties. The chiefe is Stetimum, by the river Viadrus, which was heretofore a long fisher Towne, seated on the bancke of the River, and after it had received the Christian faith, the Mart being translated thither it began to encrease, so that it is now the Metropolis of Pomerania. Gripswald•n is a famous towne, for learning and good Arts, there was an Vniversitie built there in the yeare 1546. Iulinum accounted heretofore the greatest towne in all Europe, was a Mart towne of the Vandalls. Stralsundia is a faire Towne on the shore of the Balthick sea, having heretofore a Duke thereof. Wineta is a very rich sea-faring Towne, but it was ruinated by Conradus King of Denmarke. There are also other Citties, as Neugardia, Lemburga, Stargardia, Bergradum, C•menez, Publina, Grifenburga: and by the shoare side there are Colberga, Caminum, Collinum, Sunda, Pucka, Revecol, Lovensburg, and Hechel. And so much briefely concerning Pomerania. Also Mecklenburg or the Dukedome of Magnopolis is contained in this Table. There are also in the same Table these Ecclesiastickes; the Bishop of Magdeburg Primate of Germanie, under whom are the Bishops of Brandenburg, in the Marquiship of Brandenburg, and the Bishop of Havelburg in Mecklenburg; also the Bishop of Swerinium under the Bishop of Bremes; in Pomerania there is the Bishop of Camin.</blockquote>

			=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===
			<blockquote>Brandenbourg, a Country of Germany, with the Title of Marquisate, and Electorate of the Empire, betwixt Prussia, Pomerania, Meklebourg, Upper and Lower Saxony, the Duchy of Brunswick, and Lusatia. It is divided into three Parts, or Marches: e. i. Marquisates, Old Marche, or Altemark on the West of the Elb; the Middle or Mittelmark betwixt the Elb and the Oder; and the New Marche, or New Mark on the East of the Oder. The Elb discharges it self into the Ocean, and the Oder into the Baltick Sea; and of late there has been a great Channel made for the joyning of these two Rivers together by the Havel: So the Commerce has been facilitated, and People endeavoured to free themselves from the Payment of the Duties of the Sound. Berlin is the Capital City of the Country, upon the Sprehe, as well as Brandenbourg, which is also a City. The others are Frankfort upon the Oder, Tangermund upon the Elbe, Seunemberg, Landspreg, Havelberg, Verben, &c. with the Fortress of Kustrin, Spandau and Peits. This Country is good and fertile, and the Inhabitants are almost all Lutherans, though the Elector of Brandenbourg is a Calvinist. The Electoral Dignity is annex'd to the Marquisate; but besides that, it has the Duchies of Prussia and Cleves, with those of Crossen and Jargendorf in Silesia, the Principalities of Alberstad and Minden; the Reversion of the Duchy of Magdebourg, Lower Pomerania, with the Administration of the •ishoprick of Camin. The five last were yielded to him by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, with the Fort of Wiltzbourg, for part of Pomerania, which he yielded to the Suedes. There are besides in the Family of Brandenbourg, the Marquisates of Culembach, Anspach, or Onspach, the County of Ravensbourg, &c. The Fortress of Rustrin, Pillau, Memel, Colberg in Pomerania, Driessen, The Possessions of the Elector of Brandenbourg are considerable, extending from the Duchy of Cleves unto Prussia, distant from one another the space of 200 German Miles; but his States are not united. The Family of Brandenbourg is divided into three Branches. In the Order of the Assemblies, he is the last save one of the Electors, since the Eighth Electorate hath been created. He has his Seat and Voice as Prince of Halberstad and Minden. As Duke of the farthermost Pomerania, he takes his Turn with the Duke of hithermost Pomerania, for the Suffrage which belongs to them in common; and as Duke of Magdebourg, he does the like with the Duke of Bremen in the Direction of the inferior Circle of Saxony, whereof he is a Member. His younger Brothers are called to the States, and give in their Opinion each apart; but they cannot definitively judge their Subjects, if the Sum exceeds 400 Florins, of the Rhine, which are about 60 l. Sterling. The Elector of Brandenbourg is Grand Chamberlain of the Empire: He has his Place on the Right-hand of the Duke of Saxony, and carries the Scepter before the Emperor. In discharging at Solemnities the Duty of Great Chamberlain, he rides on Horseback from the Hall-Door to the Cupboard, where he takes the Bason, the Ewer, and the Napkin, and then he returns af-after the same manner, and alighting, he pours out Water for the Emperor to wash his Hands. The Country of Brandenbourg has been in times past possessed by the Teutons, the Suevians, and afterwards by the Semnons or Sennonois, the Vandals, and the Saxons. The latter were subdued by Charlemaign. Brandenbourg was then possessed partly by the Henetians. The Emperor Henry the Fowler defeated them about the Year 927, and made Sigefroy, Count of Rifugelheim, Brother to the Empress, Marquis, that is, Governor of that Marche or Frontier. In the Marquisate of Brandenbourg, with its Dependencies, are 55 large Cities, 64 great Towns, 16 lesser Towns, 38 Castles, 17 Abbeys, and 10 large Deer-Parks. The Country produces Coral, Eagle-Stone, Plume-Allum, and other rare Stones. Authors speak differently of the Original of the Noble and Powerful Family of Brandenbourg; for some are of Opinion that the Marquis of Baden, the Arck-Duke of Austria, and Marquis of Brandenbourg, are descended of the ancient Family of Alsace; but it's more probable that the Counts of Zolern, or Hohen Zolern in Suevia, from whom the present Elector is Lineally descended, were the Off-spring of Peter Colomne, banished out of Italy by Pope Paschal II. as being a Guelph, and endowed with large Possessions by the Emperor Henry V. in Suabia. We will begin at Conrad, Count of Zolren, who having Married Ann, Heiress to the Burgrave of Nurinberg, was invested in the Burgraviate by the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa: Frederick I. his Successor, dy'd in 1218, whose eldest Son Conrad dying without Issue, his Brother Frederick II. succeeded, who left two Sons. Conrad III. who gave all his Possessions to pious Uses, and made his three Sons Clergy-men; and Frederick III. who was succeeded by John I. and this by John II. who left Frederick V. Father of John III. Burgrave of Nurimberg, and of Frederick VI. First Elector of Brandenburg, of the Family of Zollern, who sold a great part of the Burgraviate to the City of Nurinberg; made War against Pomerania and the Hussites, and against Bernard, Duke of Saxe Lawenburg. Frederick II. Sirnamed Ironteeth, succeeded him, refused the Crowns of Poland and Bohemia, which was offered him, was chosen Protector of the Council of Basil in 1434; made War against Bohemia for Lusatia in 1461, and against the Duke of Pomerania, about the Succession; and in 1470, resigned his Electoral Dignity to his Brother Albert, to go into the Holy Land. This Albert, Sirnamed the Ulysses and Achilles of Germany, was so Powerful, that the Emperor did nothing without his Advice, which gave People occasion to say, that Albert administred the Empire by the Emperor Frederick. He made a Compact of Mutual Succession with the House of Saxony and Hesse. His Son John, called the Great for his Stature, and the Cicero of Germany for his Eloquence, was succeeded by Joachim I. called Nestor Germanicus, a very Learned Prince, who excelled particularly in the Knowledge of Languages, Mathematicks, Astrology and History, founded the University of Frankfort upon the Order, and was so zealous a Papist, that he design'd to have imprison'd Elizabeth his Wife, Daughter of John, King of Denmark, for embracing Luther's Doctrine; punished 38 Jews, and one Christian; the last for selling an Hostie to the other, and them for running their Knives into it. His Son Joachim II. made open Profession of Lutheranism, was declar'd General of the Imperial Army in 1542, broke the Power of the Turks, and was poyson'd by a Jewish Doctor in 1571. John George, his Son, reveng'd his Death, banish'd the Jews out of his Dominions, renew'd the Agreement of Mutual Succession with the House of Saxony and Hesse, and dy'd in 1598. Joachim Frederick, Arch-Bishop of Magdeburg, succeeded his Father, and dy'd of an Apoplexy in 1608. His Son John Sigismond succeeded, and in 1614 embrac'd Calvin's Doctrine, Married Ann, Eldest Daughter of Albert Frederick Duke of Prussia, and of Mary Eleanor of Cleves, by whom he had a Right to the Dukedoms of Prussia and Cleves; he dy'd in 1619. His Son George William succeeded, and at first sided with Gustavus Adolphus, but afterwards turn'd his Arms against the Suedes,, who had possessed themselves of several Places in Pomerania: He dy'd in 1640, and was succeeded by Frederick William the Great, who for his Power in the Empire, and incredible Experience of Things, was esteem'd the common Father of Germany. In a word, He was a Pious, Victorious, Just, and Merciful Prince, one of the Heros of the Age, and a zealous Asserter of the Protestant Religion. His Sister Lovisa Charlotte was Married to James Duke of Curland in 1645, and Hedwidge Sophia Married in 1649 to William Langrave of Hesse Cassel. Frederick William took to his first Wife, in 1646, Lovisa Henrietta of Nassau, Daughter to Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, and Amelia Counters of Solm. This Electoress dying in 1667, he took to his second Wife, in 1668, Dorothy of Holsace, Daughter to Philip, Duke of Holsace Glucksbourg, and Widow of Christian, Duke of Lunebourg Zell: He had 13 Children by both; by the first, 1. William Henry, Born in 1648, who dy'd in 1649. 2. Charles Aemilius, born in 1655, and dy'd in 1674. 3. Frederick III. born in 1657. 4, 5. Henry and Amalia, Twins, born in 1664, but both dead. 6. Lewis, born in 1668, who Married Lovisa Charlotte Ratzivilia, dy'd Issuless in 1687. 7. Philip William, born in 1669, gave several Proofs of Valour against the French in this present War. By the second Wife, he had 8. Maria Amilia, born in 1670, Married in 1687 to Charles, Hereditary Prince of Gustrave, who dying in 1688, she married Maurice William, Duke of Saxony, and Administrator of Naumburg. 9. Albert Frederick; born in January 1672. 10. Charles Philip, born in 1673. 11. Elizabeth Sophia, born in 1674. 12. Dorothy, born in 1675; and 13. Christianus Lodovicus, born in 1677. Frederick William dying in 1688, his Son Frederick, the present Elector, in 1679, Married Elizabeth Henrietta, Daughter of William, Landtgrave of Hesse Cassel; and she dying in 1683, he took to his second Wife, in 1684, Sophia Charlotta, Daughter of Ernest August, Bishop of Osnaburg, and Duke of Brunswick and Luneburg. By the first he had Lovisa Dorothea Sophia, born in 1680. By the Second, Frederick August, born in 1685, who dy'd the next Year; and Frederick William, born in 1688. This Elector takes the Title of Marquis of Brandenbourg, Great Chamberlain, and Elector of the Roman Empire, Duke of Magdebourg, Prussia, Juliers, Cleves, Mons or Berg, Stetin, Pomerania, Cesubia, Vandalia, Silesia, Crossen, and Jargendorff: Burgrave of Nuremburg, Duke of Rugia, Prince of Alberstad and Minden, Earl of Marche and Ravensperg, Lord of Roslein. The Collateral Branches of this Family will be mentioned in their proper Places. Crants. Leti.</blockquote>

Brandenbourg

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 13:40:06 GMT

Created page with "=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. === <blockquote>Brandenbourg, a Country of Germany, with the Title of Marquisate, and Electorate of the Empire, betwixt Prussia, Pomerania, Meklebourg, Upper and Lower Saxony, the Duchy of Brunswick, and Lusatia. It is divided into three Parts, or Marches: e. i. Marquisates, Old Marche, or Altemark on the West of the Elb; the Middle or Mittelmark betwixt the Elb and the Oder; and the Ne..."

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Brampour

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 13:39:17 GMT

Created page with "=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. === <blockquote>Brampour, a City of the Province of Candis in the Empire of the Great Mogul. Most of its Houses are ruinous, but there is yet standing a great Castle in the middle of the City, where the Governor of that Province resides, and which is so considerable, that it is given to none but to the Kings Son or to his Uncle. But since the Wealth and Revenue of the Province of Bengal..."

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=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===
<blockquote>Brampour, a City of the Province of Candis in the Empire of the Great Mogul. Most of its Houses are ruinous, but there is yet standing a great Castle in the middle of the City, where the Governor of that Province resides, and which is so considerable, that it is given to none but to the Kings Son or to his Uncle. But since the Wealth and Revenue of the Province of Bengala came to be known, its Government is the first of the Empire of the Great Mogul. They make at Brampour, and in all the rest of the Province, a vast quantity of Cotten Cloth, which is transported into Persia, Turkey, Moscovia, Poland, Arabia, Great Cairo, and elsewhere; some are dyed in several colours, and imbellish'd with flowers; others left all white, with a stripe or two of Gold and Silver along the piece, and at each of the two ends there is a Thread woven with Gold or Silver and Silk, with flowers; This Cloth has no outside, the one side being as fine as the other. Some of these Cloths are half Cotton, and half Gold or Silver, and these Pieces are called Ornis. Tavernier Voyage des Indes.</blockquote>

Bourges

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 13:38:43 GMT

Created page with "=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. === <blockquote>Bourges, upon the Rivers Auron and Eure, a City of France, Capital of the Province and Duchy of Berry, with a Baylwick, Presidial, Generality, University, and Archbishoprick, which hath the Title of Primacy and Patriarchate. It is the Avaricum Biturigum. or Avaricum Cuborum of the Ancients, which has also been diversly named, Biturix and Biturigum. It is certain that Bou..."

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=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===
<blockquote>Bourges, upon the Rivers Auron and Eure, a City of France, Capital of the Province and Duchy of Berry, with a Baylwick, Presidial, Generality, University, and Archbishoprick, which hath the Title of Primacy and Patriarchate. It is the Avaricum Biturigum. or Avaricum Cuborum of the Ancients, which has also been diversly named, Biturix and Biturigum. It is certain that Bourges hath been, not only one of the most ancient Cities of the Gauls, but also one of the fairest and most considerable; and was so reckoned in the XLVII. Olympiad, or the CLXIV. of Rome about 590. before Christ. For Titus Livius assures us, That under the Reign of Tarquin the Ancient, King of the Romans, the Monarchy of the Celtae was in this Capital of Berry, whereof Ambigat was Soveraign. Julius Caesar took this City about the 702 of Rome, which was the first of the CLXXII. Olympiad, 52 years before Christ. He speaks of it in the VII. Book of his Commentaries, and saith, That Vercingetorix, Head of the Gauls, having Assembled a Councel, caused 20 Cities of Berry to be burned, and that they had it even under debate to do the same to Bourges it self; but that those of the Country opposed it, beseeching the rest not to constrain them to burn their Capital, the Ornament and Safeguard of Berry, and one of the first Cities of the Gauls. Caesar Writes afterwards the History of that Siege, and saith, That of 40000 Men who were in it, there scarcely escaped 800, all the rest having been put to the Sword, the Soldiers sparing neither Age nor Sex. It suffered in the 5th Age, by the incursions of the Wisigoths, and being subjected to the French under Clovis, who took Aquitaine from the said Wisigoths, Bourges fell to the Lot of Clodomir, and afterwards of Gontran King of Orleance. It was from the latter, that one Didier, General of the Troops of Chilperic I. took Bourges in 583, and burnt it almost entirely. It was afterwards repaired at divers times, chiefly under Charlemaign, and became again so considerable, that William the Breton took delight to give a magnificent description of it speaking in the VIII. Book of his Philippides, of its Riches, Strength, and the great number of Inhabitants. Bourges had particular Earls of its own in 1412. during the Factions of the Houses of Burgundy and Orleance, the Duke of Burgundy seized upon the Person of Charles VI. and led him before Bourges, where were inclosed the Dukes of Berry and Bourbon, with a great many Lords, and an Agreement was made on July 15. King Charles VII. during the first years of his Reign, made his residence commonly in this City, which he fortified; and thereupon his Enemies in mockery called him King of Bourges. In the latter Age, during the Wars about Religion, the Prince of Condé being at Orleance, sent Gabriel Earl of Montgomery, who surprised Bourges for the Protestants. May 27. 1562. The Duke of Guise besieged it for King Charles IX. and Yvoy who was Governor thereof, surrendred it on September 1. that same year, and Bourges afterwards followed the Party of the League; but in 1594. was subjected to Henry IV. John Duke of Berry erected here in May 1379. a Chamber of Accounts for the Lands of his Portion; and King Charles VII. Translated thither that for the Kingdom, while his Enemies were Masters of Paris: But now the Government of this City depends on the Mayor and Sheriffs. It is believed that King St. Lewis founded the University, Charles Duke of Berry, Brother to King Lewis XI. re-established it, and obtained several Privileges for it of Pope Paul II. in 1464. and it hath had many famous Professors of the Civil and Cannon Law. Bourges is naturally strong, by reason of its situation; the Rivers having rendered the adjacent Country full of Marshes, which makes it of difficult access on one side, and on the other side it rises pretty high; it is also environed with good Walls, defended by 80 Towers on the side which may be the most easily approached: It had a great Tower, which is partly ruinous since 1651. The River of Ewre which others call Yeure, begins there to be Navigable by the encrease of the Waters which it receives from the Auron, Aurette, Molon, Colin, and some other Brooks. Bourges is a great City, well-built, with fine places, a great number of Fountains, and very clean Streets. The Palace of the ancient Dukes of Berry, serves now for a seat to the Presidial, and is joined to the Holy-Chappel. Strangers do entertain themselves here with the sight of the King's House, the Town-House, that of the Germans, and that of the famous James Colur, besides the Amphitheaters and other Antiquities. The Church of St. Stephen is the Metropolis, and thought to have been built in 254. under the Empire of Decius. There is a fine Chapter in it: Besides this Church, Bourges hath seven Collegiat ones; That called the Holy Chappel, which immediately depends on the See of Rome, is the first. John of France Duke of Berry, Son to King John, and Brother to King Charles V. founded it, and was buried there in 1416. in the middle of the Quire, where his Tomb is to be seen. Besides these Collegial Churches, there are 17 Parishes at Bourges, 3 Abbies, and a great number of Monasteries, with a College of Jesuits. The Diocese, which is one of the largest in the Kingdom, contains near 900 Parishes, under 12 Arch-Deaconships, and 20 Arch-Priests, 34 Collegial Churches, 35 Abbies, and 10 Commanderies of Malta. The Church of Bourges has had illustrious Prelates, amongst which 18 are Canonized. The Archbishops of Bourges take the Title of Patriarchs and Primates of Aquitain. It having begun to injoy this Title in the 9th Age. Theodulfe of Orleance saith, That Aigulfe, who lived in 830. was the first Patriarch of Bourges. The English afterwards becoming Masters of Guienne, the Archbishops of Bourdeaux refused to acknowledge this Primacy of Bourges. King Philip Augustus complained thereof to Pope Innocent III. who did not determine the Affair, but some time after Gregory IX. declared in favour of the Church of Bourges: For Clement V. had Translated this Primacy to Bourdeaux, whereof he had been Archbishop. The Metropolis of Bourges has had 11 Suffragants, Clermont le Puy, St. Flour, Mende, Rodez, Vabres, Castres, Cahors, Tulles, Limoges and Albi: But as this last Church has been of late erected into an Archbishoprick, it has had part of its Suffragants, to wit Castres, Cahors, Mende, Rodez and Vabres. Cardinal Robert, Legate, called a Council here in 1215. But the Bishops of France having reason to complain of his Conduct, opposed it, and made their Appeal to the Council of Latteran, which Pope Innocent III. held towards the end of that year, the Legate Cardinal Reman, held one there in 1225. or 26. to judge of the Lands of Raimond Earl of Toulouse, in which his Son demanded to be re-established. There were seven Archbishops; but he of Lyons pretending to the Primacy over that of Sens, and that of Bourges over those of Bourdeaux, Ausch, and Narbonne; it is said that they took their Seats as in a Council of State, and not as in a Councel of the Church. Simon of Bria, Cardinal Legate, held one in 1276. for the Peace of the Church; the See of Rome being then vacant by the death of Innocent V. In 1286. Simon of Beaujeu, Archbishop of Bourges, held there a Provincial Synod. There were also several Councils held in this Age, for the Primacy of first Aquitain, whereof the Prelates of Bourges were in possession, since Charlemaign's time, who having made that City Capital of the Kingdom of Aquitain, composed of three Provinces, would, for the better uniting of them together, that they should all depend on it, as to Spirituals. The Prelates of Narbonne shook of this Yoak as soon as there were Earls of Tolouse. That of Bourdeaux attempted the like, when the third Aquitain was left to the Kings of England, under the Title of the Duchy of Guienne; but those who were in possession oppos'd it. Simon of Salli, whom some Authors make a Cardinal by the Title of St. Sixtus, Legate of the See of Rome, and Archbishop of Bourges, held a Council in 1228. and suspended the Archbishop of Bourdeaux, who would not assist at it. This quarel went so far, that Giles of Rome, got Bertrand of Got, Archbishop of Bourdeaux, afterwards Pope, under the name of Clement V. to be Excommunicated by Walter of Bruges, Bishop of Poitiers, about 1300. and this Pope did afterwards highly express his resentments of it. The Clergy of France Assembled in 1438. at Bourges, under Charles VII. acknowledged the Council of Basle, and drew up the famous Constitution, named the Pragmatick Sanction. The Council approved of it, and it lasted till 1516. that it was suppressed by the Concordat betwixt Pope Leo X. and King Francis I. The same King Charles VII. about two years after, Assembled the Clergy again in that City; and Eugenius IV. was acknowledged for Pope. In 1584. Renaud of Beaune. Archbishop of Bourges, celebrated a Provincial Council, for the Reformation of Manners, and the Discipline of the Church. Anthony Bojer, a Cardinal, held a Synod there in 1516. and Peter of Hardivillier celebrated another in 1643. Bourges is 7 Leagues from La Charite to the W. 22 from Orleans to the N. Its great Towers were razed by order of the present King of France, because it sided with the Prince of Condé in the last Civil Wars.</blockquote>

Bithynia

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 13:35:12 GMT

Created page with "=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. === <blockquote>Bithynia, a Province of Lesser Asia, containing the City of Nice, famous by two General Councils; Chalcedonia, also famous by a General Council; Heraclea, Apamea, Burse, which at present is the most considerable, &c. This Country is now in Natolia, about the Black Sea, or Pontus Euxinus, and Archipelago. It hath had in times past, very potent Kings; but..."

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=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===
<blockquote>Bithynia, a Province of Lesser Asia, containing the City of Nice, famous by two General Councils; [[Chalcedonia]], also famous by a General Council; Heraclea, Apamea, Burse, which at present is the most considerable, &c. This Country is now in [[Anatolia|Natolia]], about the Black Sea, or Pontus Euxinus, and Archipelago. It hath had in times past, very potent Kings; but the Successions are uncertain and interrupted. For the Story of those Princes are known but since the Death of Alexander the Great to Nicomedes IV, which is about 230 years. This latter had a great share in the Favours of Julius Caesar, and dying without Issue, in 679 of Rome, 25 before the Birth of Christ, he left the Romans Heirs to his Estates.</blockquote>

Billedulgerid

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 13:33:16 GMT

1695. A New Body of Geography by A. Sewall & T. Child.

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	Five principal Desarts are reckon'd, Zanhaga, Zuenziga, where are Salt-Pits, Targa, Lempta, and Berdoa. The Ghir, which is the greatest River of it, forms some pretty considerable Lakes, and loses its self in the Sand in several places of its course, and comes out again presently after the Rio Ouro, which is empty'd into the Ocean, and was so call'd by the Portuguese, by reason of the Gold they found there, when they made their first Voyages along that Coast. This River runs under the Tropick, thro' desart Countreys, with ten or twelve fathom water towards its entrance into the Sea. The Coast, as far as Cape Boiador, has high, white, and grey Hills, or Downs, with a desart Countrey, o'rspred with Sand and wild Rushes.</blockquote>		Five principal Desarts are reckon'd, Zanhaga, Zuenziga, where are Salt-Pits, Targa, Lempta, and Berdoa. The Ghir, which is the greatest River of it, forms some pretty considerable Lakes, and loses its self in the Sand in several places of its course, and comes out again presently after the Rio Ouro, which is empty'd into the Ocean, and was so call'd by the Portuguese, by reason of the Gold they found there, when they made their first Voyages along that Coast. This River runs under the Tropick, thro' desart Countreys, with ten or twelve fathom water towards its entrance into the Sea. The Coast, as far as Cape Boiador, has high, white, and grey Hills, or Downs, with a desart Countrey, o'rspred with Sand and wild Rushes.</blockquote>

			=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===
			<blockquote>Biledulgerid, a great Country of Africa, thought to contain part of that which was inhabited by the ancient Getulians. Its Name signifies a Land fertile in Dates, Fruit much esteemed in that Country, because the Inhabitants Traffick in it. Its extends from East to West, from [[Egypt]] unto the Ocean, but it is not very large. It hath Barbary on the North, and the Desart of Zaara on the South. Here are also some Mahometan Kings, whose Power is much limited. Tarudante upon the Ocean, is the most considerable City of Biledulgerid. It is divided into Susa, Dura, Segelnesse, Tafileta, Togorarin, Zeb, Biledulgerid, properly so called, Fessen, the Desart of Barca, &c. Mout Atlas advanceth several of its Branches into Biledulgerid. The Cape of Non upon the Ocean, was for along time the furthest Part to which the Portuguese did Sail, who called it thus, because they went no further Southerly. The Arabians are powerful enough in this Country, and are retained in the Pay of the Kings, as the Switzers in Europe. It's said that they hunt after Ostriches, eat their Flesh, sell their Feathers, and tan their Skins to make a kind of Port-Mantle for their Cloaths; useing also their Heart for Witchcrafts, their Grease for Medicins, and they make Ear-rings of their Tallons. Jean. de Leon. deser. Afr. Mariana. * The Capital of Biledulgerid lies 500 Miles South West of Tunis, and somewat more South East of Algiers. The People are Rude, Ignorant, and Lawless, Jealous of their Women to Excess, and never marry a Whore; they are exceeding Fond of their Wives, who use Paint, the more to engage their Husbands. They are poor and meanly Clad, dwell in Tents covered with hair Cloth and the Boughs of Dates, and endure Hunger to Admiration. The Country is generally Sandy, and in some Places affords no Water for 6 or 7 Days Journey. The Moors began the Conquest of this Country about 700.</blockquote>

	=== 1695. A New Body of Geography by A. Sewall & T. Child. ===		=== 1695. A New Body of Geography by A. Sewall & T. Child. ===

Beloozero

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 13:27:45 GMT

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	Lon. 60.40. Lat 58.45.''//[[Coordinates:Echard]]''</blockquote>		Lon. 60.40. Lat 58.45.''//[[Coordinates:Echard]]''</blockquote>

			=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===
			<blockquote>Biel Ozer, or Bielejesioro, a Duchy in [[Moscow]], having a Capital of the same Name, situate on the West of the Lake Biel Ozer. Here is a strong Citadel, whose Situation in the middle of several Bogs, renders it impregnable: Therefore the Great Duke shuts up part of his Treasures in it, and retires thither during the War, when he is forced to put himself into a Place of Surety. Biel Ozer, in the Country Language signifies a white Lake. Biela stands almost in the middle between Novigrod to the East, and Wologda to the West; about 62 German Miles North West of Moskow.</blockquote>

List of books to transfer

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 03:51:35 GMT

1550. Cosmographia by Sebastian Münster.

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	=== 1557. Geographiae by Dominici Marii Nigri Veneti. [Latin] - some articles ===		=== 1557. Geographiae by Dominici Marii Nigri Veneti. [Latin] - some articles ===

			=== 1578. A booke called the treasure for traueilers by William Bourne. ===

	=== 1615. The estates, empires, & principallities of the world by Pierre d'Avity. - some articles ===		=== 1615. The estates, empires, & principallities of the world by Pierre d'Avity. - some articles ===

Source:Brome

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 03:47:32 GMT

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Dalmatia

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 03:46:22 GMT

1685. Geographia universalis: the present state of the whole world by Pierre Duval.

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:46, 13 June 2026
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	=== 1635. Historia mundi: or Mercator's atlas. London. by Gerhard Mercator. ===		=== 1635. Historia mundi: or Mercator's atlas. London. by Gerhard Mercator. ===
	<blockquote>It remaineth that wee should speake somewhat of Dalmatia, a part whereof is described in this Table. It was so caled from Deliminium the Metropolis of this Country. Heretofore Dalmatia was a potent Kingdome, and the Dalmatians were heretofore strong and rich, and confident in the situation of their Country. They lived for the most part in Woods, and so were much given to robbing. The Citties are Salanum, and not far from the borders of this Country, the Citty Apollonia is situated by the Sea side, neere unto which there is a Rocke which sendeth forth flashes of fire, and beneath it hot water and Brimstone doth boyle forth, especially when the Rocke blazeth and burneth. The Ecclesiasticall government according to Mercator is in this manner. There is the Archbishop Iadra, who they now call Zara. Under whom are Anzara, Vegla, Arbe: also the Archbishop of Spalato, nuder whom are the Bishops Tragurium, of Teniensis Tina, Sardona, Temnensis, Nenensis, Nonensis, Almisa, Sibinicensis, Farensis. The Archbishop of Ragusine, under whom are Stagnensis, Rossonensis, Tribuniensis, Bacensis, Rosensis, Bidnanensis, Budva. The Archbishop Antiberensis, under whom are the Bishops of Dulcinium, Suacinensis, Drinastensis, Polastrensis, Scodrensis, Sardensis, Surtanensis, or Acutarensis, Arbensis.</blockquote>		<blockquote>It remaineth that wee should speake somewhat of Dalmatia, a part whereof is described in this Table. It was so caled from Deliminium the Metropolis of this Country. Heretofore Dalmatia was a potent Kingdome, and the Dalmatians were heretofore strong and rich, and confident in the situation of their Country. They lived for the most part in Woods, and so were much given to robbing. The Citties are Salanum, and not far from the borders of this Country, the Citty Apollonia is situated by the Sea side, neere unto which there is a Rocke which sendeth forth flashes of fire, and beneath it hot water and Brimstone doth boyle forth, especially when the Rocke blazeth and burneth. The Ecclesiasticall government according to Mercator is in this manner. There is the Archbishop Iadra, who they now call Zara. Under whom are Anzara, Vegla, Arbe: also the Archbishop of Spalato, nuder whom are the Bishops Tragurium, of Teniensis Tina, Sardona, Temnensis, Nenensis, Nonensis, Almisa, Sibinicensis, Farensis. The Archbishop of Ragusine, under whom are Stagnensis, Rossonensis, Tribuniensis, Bacensis, Rosensis, Bidnanensis, Budva. The Archbishop Antiberensis, under whom are the Bishops of Dulcinium, Suacinensis, Drinastensis, Polastrensis, Scodrensis, Sardensis, Surtanensis, or Acutarensis, Arbensis.</blockquote>

			=== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. ===
			<blockquote>Dalmatia, a province of Europe lying upon the Gulph of Venice, anciently a Kingdom, but now subject to many Masters.</blockquote>

	=== 1685. Geographia universalis: the present state of the whole world by Pierre Duval. ===		=== 1685. Geographia universalis: the present state of the whole world by Pierre Duval. ===

Constantinople

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 03:45:25 GMT

1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri.

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:45, 13 June 2026
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			=== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. ===
			<blockquote>Constantinople, a City in Romania, seated the most pleasantly of any in the World, anciently the Residence of the Eastern Emperours, now of the Grand Signior of the Turkes</blockquote>

	=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===		=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===
	<blockquote>Constantinople, a famous City of [[Europe]], the ancient Byzantium, Capital of [[Romania]], formerly Thrace, and now the Seat of the Ottoman Empire. The Turks call it Stambol. Its Situation is the most advantageous of any in the World, for it's built on the Bosphorus of Thrace, which command over the White and Black sea, and the pleasantest and most convenient Port that can be imagined; for it lies in that Peninsula, which ending in a point, stretches at the extremity of Thrace into the Sea, where the Bosphorus begins, which joins the Propontis to Pont-Euxin, and parts Asia from Europe; so that it forms, as it were, a great Triangle, whose Base has Thrace to the West, the right-side the Propontis to the South, drawing towards the East to the mouth of the Bosphorus; the left-side towards the North, stretches along the Gulf which the Bosphorus forms in Thrace, from East to West, winding somewhat towards the North to make that admirable port. Of these three Angles, the first is towards the East, at the point of the Promontory of the Bosphorus, now called The point of the Seraglio. The second is to the South, upon the Propontis, where the Walls end that are double towards the Land, and fortify'd with good great Towers pretty near one another. The third is the lower end of the Port, and turns from West to North, upon that part of the Gulf which is called the Blaquernes; this was a Suburb where there formerly stood a very magnificent Palace, and a Church built by the Empress Pulcheria in honour of the Blessed Virgin. And it's in this part that the two Rivers Cidalus and Barbises discharge themselves into the Gulf. Here reign but two Winds, the North and South. When the first blows there is nothing can come from the Sea of Marmora, but then the Vessels that come from the Black-sea have the fairest Wind that can be, and supply the Town with all necessary Provisions: On the contrary, when a Southerly Wind reigns, no Ship can come from the Black, but all may come from the Sea of Marmora, or the White-sea; so that both these Winds are as the two Keys of Constantinople that open and shut the passage for Ships, and when both cease, small Bottoms are driven by Oars. The great Bassin which is between Constantinople and Galata forms the finest Port in the Universe. It's round this Bassin that Constantinople is seen to the South; and to the West Galata; the two Boroughs Fondukli and Tophana to the North, and the Town of Scutari to the East, which gives the Eye the most magnificent object that can be seen or imagin'd; the Buildings of this Neighbourhood being in form of an Amphitheatre, so that they can be discovered all at a time; the mixture of Cypress-trees, and the Houses of painted Wood, with the Domes of the Mosques which are on the highest places, contribute much to the Beauty of this marvellous Aspect. Constantine the Great, Founder of this great City, called it Constantinople, and took such care to enrich and embellish it, that he robb'd other Towns of their finest Ornaments to bring them hither. He raised seven Mountains, built a Capitol, a Circus, and an Amphitheatre, Market-places, Portico's, and other publick Edifices, according to the model of those of ancient Rome; so that there was reason enough to call this the New. He also established a Senate, and drew the great Men of all parts of the World thither by his great Gifts and Liberalities to them; built magnificent Churches, and rented them proportionably; founded a College, and took a particular care to furnish it with able and learned Professors; begun a Library, and stocked it with a great number of Volumes, which his Successors increased to 120000 before it was burned under the Consulship of Basiliscus. Though this were enough to render this City beautifull and magnificent, other Emperors added yet as well to embellish, as fortifie and make it greater, so that in the E•ghth Age the double Walls that environ'd it towards the Land were almost two Leagues round; those of the Sea, towards the Propontis, a little more; and those that were of the Gulf and Port side, somewhat less; which in all made above six Leagues Circuit besides the Suburbs, each whereof was well worth a Town; and what is more singular, is, That the Emperor Anastasius shut in these Suburbs and all the Houses within 20 Leagues of Constantinople with a prodigious Wall 20 foot broad, that begun at Pont Euxin and reach'd to the Propontis; and yet this prov'd but a weak Bulwark against the Barbarians. Constantine divided his New Rome into fourteen Quarters, like the Old. The Fortress which commanded the Entrance of the Port, and which the Graecians called Acropolis, was in the first, where the Seraglio is now; and there is the Pharos or Watch-tower, the Arsenal, the Baths of Arcadius, the Gallery of Justinian, &c. The famous Temple of St. Sophia, the wonder of the World, the Senate-place, the Baths of Zeusippus, re-established by Justinian, were in the second Region. The Hippodrome or great Cirque, the Church of St. Euphemia, with the Palace of St. Pulcheria were in the third. The fourth comprehended the Imperial place, environ'd with a double rank of Galleries supported upon Pillars. The Palace of Constantine, the Golden Mile whence all ways begun, &c. In the fifth, and in the sixth was the Palace of Theodosius, with the great Obelisque of Thebes in Egypt, and that of Constantine the Great, in the midst of which he raised that famous Pillar of Porphyry which supported his own Statue made of a Colossus of Apollo, brought from Athens to Constantinople. The Church of Anastasius and the Pillar of Theodosius the Great were in the seventh, which is now the place called Bezestan. The eighth had the Theodosian Basilique, the place of the Capitol. The Anastasian Baths and Palace of Arcadius were in the ninth. The Baths of Constantine, the Palace of the Empress Eudoxia, and the Church of St. Martyr Acacius were in the tenth. In the eleventh were the Temple of the Apostles built by Constantine, and rebuilt by Justinian, where were the Emperors Tombs, and upon the Ruines of which Mahomet II. built the magnificent Mosque that bears his name; the Pillar and Statue of Arcadius that was on Mount Xerolophus, and was thrown down in the Reign of Leo Isauricus, were in the twelth. In the thirteenth, on the other side the Gulf, where Galata is, was formerly a Town called Justinian. In fine, the fourteenth comprehended the Suburbs. These were the Quarters of Constantinople, so often exposed to incredible Misfortunes; for in Arcadius's Reign, about 396, it was threatned with Fire from Heaven, and did not escape but by God's particular Mercy. In 446 it was afflicted with Plague and Famine, the chief Church was burn'd, and in a Tumult that happened in the Cirque, abundance of People were kill'd. The next year was an Earthquake which lasted six Months, during which time several Houses were overthrown. The Emperor, who repair'd it afterwards, with the Patriarch Proclus, and most of the Inhabitants went out into the Field, and a surprizing Prodigy of a Child rais'd up into the Air, when they had sung the Hymn it learn'd them, put an end to this Desolation. Under the Reign of Leo the Old, and the Consulship of Basiliscus, which was in 465, this Town was almost destroy'd by Fire, which reach'd five Furlongs in length and fourteen in breadth, and in all that compass left neither Palace, Temple, Pillar, Statue, nor House, so that they were forc'd to build it all anew. When Justinian govern'd the Empire about 557, a furious Earthquake almost quite ruin'd it. A strange noise was heard under the Earth, and when that ceas'd the Air was agitated with horrible Whirlwinds that made a dreadfull noise; several Temples were quite overthrown, which gave occasion to Justinian to rebuild them more magnificent than they were. Procopius gave an exact description of that of St. Sophia, which was one of the Masterpieces of Architecture. It would be tiresome to make an exact Narration of all the Accidents that befell this City since its Foundation by Constantine, to the time it was taken by the Turks, there being never an Age that it was not afflicted with a Plague, an Earthquake, Fire, Civil-Wars, Incursions of the Barbarians, and 1000 other Calamities; for the Saracens and other Barbarians have often besieged it. It has been also often taken; as by Constantinus Copronymus in 744, by the French in 1204, who kept it under Emperors of their Nation for 58 years. Alexis Angelus, called the Tyrant, had usurp'd the Crown from Isaac Angelus in 1195. Alexis, Isaac's Son, implor'd the assistance of the French and Venetians that were going to the Holy Land, and these took Constantinople after eight days Siege, in 1203. The year after Alexis Ducas Murzuffe put the Emperor to death that the Croisade had established. They returned upon this news, made themselves Masters of the Town a second time, and made Baudouin Count of Flanders Emperor thereof; Henry, Peter, Robert, Baudouin II. succeeded him, but Michael Paleologus surpriz'd the Town under this last, in 1261; at which time it still had its particular Embellishments, which are quite ruin'd and defac'd since it uphappily fell into the Turks hands, only a part of St. Sophia's Church that is to be seen still, and some remains of the Porphyry Pillar, some of the Ruins of the Palace of Blaquernes, and two or three more: Besides these, there is now hardly the sign of that Constantinople built by Constantine, but the place it was built in, which is now but a confus'd heap of Cabins rather than Houses, they are so very low; yet some Mosques are pretty sumptuous, the Seraglio's, Carvansera's, and Deity, but to order Coresus to Sacrifice Callirrhoe, or any else that would suffer for her; when she was ready to receive the fatal stroke, Coresus kill'd himself for her, which sight struck her so deep that she also kill'd her self on the Banks of a neighbouring Fountain, which has since that time retain'd her name.</blockquote>		<blockquote>Constantinople, a famous City of [[Europe]], the ancient Byzantium, Capital of [[Romania]], formerly Thrace, and now the Seat of the Ottoman Empire. The Turks call it Stambol. Its Situation is the most advantageous of any in the World, for it's built on the Bosphorus of Thrace, which command over the White and Black sea, and the pleasantest and most convenient Port that can be imagined; for it lies in that Peninsula, which ending in a point, stretches at the extremity of Thrace into the Sea, where the Bosphorus begins, which joins the Propontis to Pont-Euxin, and parts Asia from Europe; so that it forms, as it were, a great Triangle, whose Base has Thrace to the West, the right-side the Propontis to the South, drawing towards the East to the mouth of the Bosphorus; the left-side towards the North, stretches along the Gulf which the Bosphorus forms in Thrace, from East to West, winding somewhat towards the North to make that admirable port. Of these three Angles, the first is towards the East, at the point of the Promontory of the Bosphorus, now called The point of the Seraglio. The second is to the South, upon the Propontis, where the Walls end that are double towards the Land, and fortify'd with good great Towers pretty near one another. The third is the lower end of the Port, and turns from West to North, upon that part of the Gulf which is called the Blaquernes; this was a Suburb where there formerly stood a very magnificent Palace, and a Church built by the Empress Pulcheria in honour of the Blessed Virgin. And it's in this part that the two Rivers Cidalus and Barbises discharge themselves into the Gulf. Here reign but two Winds, the North and South. When the first blows there is nothing can come from the Sea of Marmora, but then the Vessels that come from the Black-sea have the fairest Wind that can be, and supply the Town with all necessary Provisions: On the contrary, when a Southerly Wind reigns, no Ship can come from the Black, but all may come from the Sea of Marmora, or the White-sea; so that both these Winds are as the two Keys of Constantinople that open and shut the passage for Ships, and when both cease, small Bottoms are driven by Oars. The great Bassin which is between Constantinople and Galata forms the finest Port in the Universe. It's round this Bassin that Constantinople is seen to the South; and to the West Galata; the two Boroughs Fondukli and Tophana to the North, and the Town of Scutari to the East, which gives the Eye the most magnificent object that can be seen or imagin'd; the Buildings of this Neighbourhood being in form of an Amphitheatre, so that they can be discovered all at a time; the mixture of Cypress-trees, and the Houses of painted Wood, with the Domes of the Mosques which are on the highest places, contribute much to the Beauty of this marvellous Aspect. Constantine the Great, Founder of this great City, called it Constantinople, and took such care to enrich and embellish it, that he robb'd other Towns of their finest Ornaments to bring them hither. He raised seven Mountains, built a Capitol, a Circus, and an Amphitheatre, Market-places, Portico's, and other publick Edifices, according to the model of those of ancient Rome; so that there was reason enough to call this the New. He also established a Senate, and drew the great Men of all parts of the World thither by his great Gifts and Liberalities to them; built magnificent Churches, and rented them proportionably; founded a College, and took a particular care to furnish it with able and learned Professors; begun a Library, and stocked it with a great number of Volumes, which his Successors increased to 120000 before it was burned under the Consulship of Basiliscus. Though this were enough to render this City beautifull and magnificent, other Emperors added yet as well to embellish, as fortifie and make it greater, so that in the E•ghth Age the double Walls that environ'd it towards the Land were almost two Leagues round; those of the Sea, towards the Propontis, a little more; and those that were of the Gulf and Port side, somewhat less; which in all made above six Leagues Circuit besides the Suburbs, each whereof was well worth a Town; and what is more singular, is, That the Emperor Anastasius shut in these Suburbs and all the Houses within 20 Leagues of Constantinople with a prodigious Wall 20 foot broad, that begun at Pont Euxin and reach'd to the Propontis; and yet this prov'd but a weak Bulwark against the Barbarians. Constantine divided his New Rome into fourteen Quarters, like the Old. The Fortress which commanded the Entrance of the Port, and which the Graecians called Acropolis, was in the first, where the Seraglio is now; and there is the Pharos or Watch-tower, the Arsenal, the Baths of Arcadius, the Gallery of Justinian, &c. The famous Temple of St. Sophia, the wonder of the World, the Senate-place, the Baths of Zeusippus, re-established by Justinian, were in the second Region. The Hippodrome or great Cirque, the Church of St. Euphemia, with the Palace of St. Pulcheria were in the third. The fourth comprehended the Imperial place, environ'd with a double rank of Galleries supported upon Pillars. The Palace of Constantine, the Golden Mile whence all ways begun, &c. In the fifth, and in the sixth was the Palace of Theodosius, with the great Obelisque of Thebes in Egypt, and that of Constantine the Great, in the midst of which he raised that famous Pillar of Porphyry which supported his own Statue made of a Colossus of Apollo, brought from Athens to Constantinople. The Church of Anastasius and the Pillar of Theodosius the Great were in the seventh, which is now the place called Bezestan. The eighth had the Theodosian Basilique, the place of the Capitol. The Anastasian Baths and Palace of Arcadius were in the ninth. The Baths of Constantine, the Palace of the Empress Eudoxia, and the Church of St. Martyr Acacius were in the tenth. In the eleventh were the Temple of the Apostles built by Constantine, and rebuilt by Justinian, where were the Emperors Tombs, and upon the Ruines of which Mahomet II. built the magnificent Mosque that bears his name; the Pillar and Statue of Arcadius that was on Mount Xerolophus, and was thrown down in the Reign of Leo Isauricus, were in the twelth. In the thirteenth, on the other side the Gulf, where Galata is, was formerly a Town called Justinian. In fine, the fourteenth comprehended the Suburbs. These were the Quarters of Constantinople, so often exposed to incredible Misfortunes; for in Arcadius's Reign, about 396, it was threatned with Fire from Heaven, and did not escape but by God's particular Mercy. In 446 it was afflicted with Plague and Famine, the chief Church was burn'd, and in a Tumult that happened in the Cirque, abundance of People were kill'd. The next year was an Earthquake which lasted six Months, during which time several Houses were overthrown. The Emperor, who repair'd it afterwards, with the Patriarch Proclus, and most of the Inhabitants went out into the Field, and a surprizing Prodigy of a Child rais'd up into the Air, when they had sung the Hymn it learn'd them, put an end to this Desolation. Under the Reign of Leo the Old, and the Consulship of Basiliscus, which was in 465, this Town was almost destroy'd by Fire, which reach'd five Furlongs in length and fourteen in breadth, and in all that compass left neither Palace, Temple, Pillar, Statue, nor House, so that they were forc'd to build it all anew. When Justinian govern'd the Empire about 557, a furious Earthquake almost quite ruin'd it. A strange noise was heard under the Earth, and when that ceas'd the Air was agitated with horrible Whirlwinds that made a dreadfull noise; several Temples were quite overthrown, which gave occasion to Justinian to rebuild them more magnificent than they were. Procopius gave an exact description of that of St. Sophia, which was one of the Masterpieces of Architecture. It would be tiresome to make an exact Narration of all the Accidents that befell this City since its Foundation by Constantine, to the time it was taken by the Turks, there being never an Age that it was not afflicted with a Plague, an Earthquake, Fire, Civil-Wars, Incursions of the Barbarians, and 1000 other Calamities; for the Saracens and other Barbarians have often besieged it. It has been also often taken; as by Constantinus Copronymus in 744, by the French in 1204, who kept it under Emperors of their Nation for 58 years. Alexis Angelus, called the Tyrant, had usurp'd the Crown from Isaac Angelus in 1195. Alexis, Isaac's Son, implor'd the assistance of the French and Venetians that were going to the Holy Land, and these took Constantinople after eight days Siege, in 1203. The year after Alexis Ducas Murzuffe put the Emperor to death that the Croisade had established. They returned upon this news, made themselves Masters of the Town a second time, and made Baudouin Count of Flanders Emperor thereof; Henry, Peter, Robert, Baudouin II. succeeded him, but Michael Paleologus surpriz'd the Town under this last, in 1261; at which time it still had its particular Embellishments, which are quite ruin'd and defac'd since it uphappily fell into the Turks hands, only a part of St. Sophia's Church that is to be seen still, and some remains of the Porphyry Pillar, some of the Ruins of the Palace of Blaquernes, and two or three more: Besides these, there is now hardly the sign of that Constantinople built by Constantine, but the place it was built in, which is now but a confus'd heap of Cabins rather than Houses, they are so very low; yet some Mosques are pretty sumptuous, the Seraglio's, Carvansera's, and Deity, but to order Coresus to Sacrifice Callirrhoe, or any else that would suffer for her; when she was ready to receive the fatal stroke, Coresus kill'd himself for her, which sight struck her so deep that she also kill'd her self on the Banks of a neighbouring Fountain, which has since that time retain'd her name.</blockquote>

Novogorod Veliki

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 03:43:44 GMT

Created page with "=== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. === <blockquote>Novogrode-Veliki, or the Great, a City and Archbishoprick in Moscovy.</blockquote>"

New page

=== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. ===
<blockquote>Novogrode-Veliki, or the Great, a City and Archbishoprick in Moscovy.</blockquote>

Nisi Novogrod, City

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 03:42:41 GMT

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	[[File:1663 Folded Panoramic view of Nizhny Novgorod city on the Volga River by Orealius.png\|thumb\|1663 Folded Panoramic view of Nizhny Novgorod city on the Volga River by Orealius]]		[[File:1663 Folded Panoramic view of Nizhny Novgorod city on the Volga River by Orealius.png\|thumb\|1663 Folded Panoramic view of Nizhny Novgorod city on the Volga River by Orealius]]

			=== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. ===
			<blockquote>Nisi Novogrode, or the Lesse, a town in Muscovy, upon the River Volga.</blockquote>

Moscow

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 03:41:24 GMT

1692. The gazetteer's, or, Newsman's interpreter by Laurence Echard.

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	Some other Commodities this Country affordeth, which I omit, as of no great consequence.</blockquote>		Some other Commodities this Country affordeth, which I omit, as of no great consequence.</blockquote>

			=== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. ===
			<blockquote>Moscou, the chief town of Muscovy, residence of the Great Duke, and a Patriarch.</blockquote>

	=== 1692. The gazetteer's, or, Newsman's interpreter by Laurence Echard. ===		=== 1692. The gazetteer's, or, Newsman's interpreter by Laurence Echard. ===

Russia

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 03:40:39 GMT

1664. A briefe description of the whole world by George Abbot.

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	Here are the Moates Hyperboret or Riphaean mountaines, mentioned by Pliny in his 4 Booke Chap. 12. and by Mela in his 3 Booke, which are impassable,* 1.15 because they are cover'd over with continuall snow and ice. The wood Hercyma which Isidorus calleth the Riphaean wood, taketh up a great part of Moscovia, it is inhabited, having some few scattering houses in it, & now by long labour is made so thinne that it cannot, as most suppose, shew such thick woods, & impenetrable forrests as heretofore. Moscovia hath innumerable costly Temples or Churches, and very many Monasteries. The Duke lookes to matters of government, and administration of Justice by the helpe and assistance of twelve Counsel¦lors who are daily present in the Court. Among them, the Pre•ec•u•e ships of all the Castles and Cities are distributed: and they receive the letters and Petitions which are directed to the Prince, and do answer them in his name. For the Prince himselfe receiveth no letters, neither doth hee set his hand to any that are written to his Subjects, or any forraine Prince. The Bishops are chosen out of the Friars as men of a sanctimonious and holy life: There are many Monasteries of these Friars in the Kingdome of Moscovia, and yet all of the same habit and Order, of which they say that S. Basil was the first founder. There are in the whole Kingdome of Moscovia eleven Bishops which they call Wladdicks, that is, in their language Stewards or Dispensers. They call their Priests Poppes or Archipoppes. The Metropolitan Bishop liveth in Moscovia, who was heretofore confirmed by the Patriarch of Constantinople, but now being chosen by the great Duke onely, he is consecrated by two or three Bishops, and is displaced at the Kings pleasure. Under this Metropolitan are two Archbishops, the one at N•vogarais the Greater neare the River Low•a, the other at Rodovia. There are no Universities or Colledges in all the Empire of M•••otia. The Moscovi•es are of the Greek religion, which they received in the yeare of our Lord 987. They suppose that the Holy Spirit, being the third person in the Trinitie, doth proceed from the Father alone. They tooke the Sacrament of the Eucharist with leavened bread, and permit the people to use the Cuppe. They beleeve not that Priests Dirges, or the pietie or godlinesse of kindred or friends can be avaleable to the dead, and they beleeve that there is no Purgatorie. They read the Scripture in their owne language, and do not deny the people the use thereof. They have Saint Ambrose, Augustine, Hierome, and Gregorie translated into the Illyrian tongue, and out of these, as also out of Chrysostome, Basil and Nazianzenus, the Priests do publikely read Homilies instead of Sermons; for they hold it not convenient (as Iovius saith) to admit of those hooded Orators, who are wont to Preach too curiously & subtlely to the people concerning divine matters, because they thinke that the rude mindes of the ignorant may sooner attaine to holinesse and sanctitie of life by plaine Doctrine, than by deepe interpretations and disputations of things secret. They make matrimoniall contracts, and do permit Bigamie, but they scarcely suppose it to be lawfull marriage. They do not call it adulterie, unlesse one take and keepe another mans wife. They are a craftie and deceitfull Nation, and delighting more in servitude than libertie. For all do professe themselves to be the Dukes servants. The Moscovite line rather prodigally than bountifully, for their tables are furnished with all kinde of luxurious meats that can be desired, and yet not costly. For they sell a Cocke and a Duck oftentimes for one little single piece of silver. Their more delicate provision is gotten by hunting and hawking as with us. They have no wine made in the Countrie, and therefore they drinke that which is brought thither, and that onely at Feasts and Bankets. They have also a kinde of Beere, which they coole in Summer by casting in pieces of ice. And some delight in the juice prest out of sowre cherries, which hath as cleare and pure a colour, and as pleasant a tast as any wine. The Moscovites do send into all parts of Europe excellent Hempe and Flaxe for rope-making, many Oxe-hides, and great store of Waxe.</blockquote>		Here are the Moates Hyperboret or Riphaean mountaines, mentioned by Pliny in his 4 Booke Chap. 12. and by Mela in his 3 Booke, which are impassable,* 1.15 because they are cover'd over with continuall snow and ice. The wood Hercyma which Isidorus calleth the Riphaean wood, taketh up a great part of Moscovia, it is inhabited, having some few scattering houses in it, & now by long labour is made so thinne that it cannot, as most suppose, shew such thick woods, & impenetrable forrests as heretofore. Moscovia hath innumerable costly Temples or Churches, and very many Monasteries. The Duke lookes to matters of government, and administration of Justice by the helpe and assistance of twelve Counsel¦lors who are daily present in the Court. Among them, the Pre•ec•u•e ships of all the Castles and Cities are distributed: and they receive the letters and Petitions which are directed to the Prince, and do answer them in his name. For the Prince himselfe receiveth no letters, neither doth hee set his hand to any that are written to his Subjects, or any forraine Prince. The Bishops are chosen out of the Friars as men of a sanctimonious and holy life: There are many Monasteries of these Friars in the Kingdome of Moscovia, and yet all of the same habit and Order, of which they say that S. Basil was the first founder. There are in the whole Kingdome of Moscovia eleven Bishops which they call Wladdicks, that is, in their language Stewards or Dispensers. They call their Priests Poppes or Archipoppes. The Metropolitan Bishop liveth in Moscovia, who was heretofore confirmed by the Patriarch of Constantinople, but now being chosen by the great Duke onely, he is consecrated by two or three Bishops, and is displaced at the Kings pleasure. Under this Metropolitan are two Archbishops, the one at N•vogarais the Greater neare the River Low•a, the other at Rodovia. There are no Universities or Colledges in all the Empire of M•••otia. The Moscovi•es are of the Greek religion, which they received in the yeare of our Lord 987. They suppose that the Holy Spirit, being the third person in the Trinitie, doth proceed from the Father alone. They tooke the Sacrament of the Eucharist with leavened bread, and permit the people to use the Cuppe. They beleeve not that Priests Dirges, or the pietie or godlinesse of kindred or friends can be avaleable to the dead, and they beleeve that there is no Purgatorie. They read the Scripture in their owne language, and do not deny the people the use thereof. They have Saint Ambrose, Augustine, Hierome, and Gregorie translated into the Illyrian tongue, and out of these, as also out of Chrysostome, Basil and Nazianzenus, the Priests do publikely read Homilies instead of Sermons; for they hold it not convenient (as Iovius saith) to admit of those hooded Orators, who are wont to Preach too curiously & subtlely to the people concerning divine matters, because they thinke that the rude mindes of the ignorant may sooner attaine to holinesse and sanctitie of life by plaine Doctrine, than by deepe interpretations and disputations of things secret. They make matrimoniall contracts, and do permit Bigamie, but they scarcely suppose it to be lawfull marriage. They do not call it adulterie, unlesse one take and keepe another mans wife. They are a craftie and deceitfull Nation, and delighting more in servitude than libertie. For all do professe themselves to be the Dukes servants. The Moscovite line rather prodigally than bountifully, for their tables are furnished with all kinde of luxurious meats that can be desired, and yet not costly. For they sell a Cocke and a Duck oftentimes for one little single piece of silver. Their more delicate provision is gotten by hunting and hawking as with us. They have no wine made in the Countrie, and therefore they drinke that which is brought thither, and that onely at Feasts and Bankets. They have also a kinde of Beere, which they coole in Summer by casting in pieces of ice. And some delight in the juice prest out of sowre cherries, which hath as cleare and pure a colour, and as pleasant a tast as any wine. The Moscovites do send into all parts of Europe excellent Hempe and Flaxe for rope-making, many Oxe-hides, and great store of Waxe.</blockquote>

			=== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. ===
			<blockquote>Moscovye, see Russia Blanche, or the White.

			White Russia is the same [province] with Moscovy, a great Empire in the North part of Europe.</blockquote>

	=== 1664. A briefe description of the whole world by George Abbot. ===		=== 1664. A briefe description of the whole world by George Abbot. ===

Cafreria

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 03:37:55 GMT

1682. Cosmography and geography in two parts by Richard Blome.

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	==Sources from old books==		==Sources from old books==

			=== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. ===
			<blockquote>Caffreria, a country in Africa.</blockquote>

	=== 1682. Cosmography and geography in two parts by Richard Blome. ===		=== 1682. Cosmography and geography in two parts by Richard Blome. ===

Caffa

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 03:37:17 GMT

1692. The gazetteer's, or, Newsman's interpreter by Laurence Echard.

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	They have also a coine which is called a Somma, in which their accounts are kept, and to which other coines currant are reduced; and the same is divided to saggis, which they account by 45 saggis to a somma, and 4 sommes to a soltany or checquin; and thus much shall serve for the trade of Caffa.</blockquote>		They have also a coine which is called a Somma, in which their accounts are kept, and to which other coines currant are reduced; and the same is divided to saggis, which they account by 45 saggis to a somma, and 4 sommes to a soltany or checquin; and thus much shall serve for the trade of Caffa.</blockquote>

			=== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. ===
			<blockquote>Caffa, a Town in the Peninsula of the [[Tartaria Precopensis\|lesser Tartary]], belonging to the Turk.</blockquote>

	=== 1692. The gazetteer's, or, Newsman's interpreter by Laurence Echard. ===		=== 1692. The gazetteer's, or, Newsman's interpreter by Laurence Echard. ===

Cabul, Province

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 03:36:27 GMT

1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri.

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	==Notable People==		==Notable People==
	==Sources from old books==		==Sources from old books==

			=== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. ===
			<blockquote>Cabul, a [[Cabul, City\|City]] and Kingdom upon the continent of India, belonging to the Mogull.</blockquote>

	=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===		=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===

Cabul, City

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 03:36:06 GMT

1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri.

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:36, 13 June 2026
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	==Notable People==		==Notable People==
	==Sources from old books==		==Sources from old books==

			=== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. ===
			<blockquote>Cabul, a City and [[Cabul, Province\|Kingdom]] upon the continent of India, belonging to the Mogull.</blockquote>

	=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===		=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===
	<blockquote>Cabul, a Town and Kingdom of the East-Indies, in the Territories of the Great Mogol, the furthest advanc'd towards Persia and Wsbeck, having Cachemire to to the East. It is in this Kingdom that the River Nilas and Behat, that discharge themselves into the Indus, have their Sources. The Town is great, and has two Fortresses: It stands upon the Road from Labor to Samarcand. The other Towns are Ghidel and Passaur, which are all Towns of great Commerce for Musk, Silks, Rhubarb, and other Merchandizes that are brought from Cathai. The Tartars sell 60000 Horses here every Year. It was the first Seat of the Great Mogol.</blockquote>		<blockquote>Cabul, a Town and Kingdom of the East-Indies, in the [[The Empire of the Mogul\|Territories of the Great Mogol]], the furthest advanc'd towards Persia and Wsbeck, having Cachemire to to the East. It is in this Kingdom that the River Nilas and Behat, that discharge themselves into the Indus, have their Sources. The Town is great, and has two Fortresses: It stands upon the Road from Labor to Samarcand. The other Towns are Ghidel and Passaur, which are all Towns of great Commerce for Musk, Silks, Rhubarb, and other Merchandizes that are brought from Cathai. The Tartars sell 60000 Horses here every Year. It was the first Seat of the Great Mogol.</blockquote>

Prague

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 03:34:17 GMT

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			=== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. ===
			<blockquote>Prague, the chief City, and an Archbishoprick in Bohemia.</blockquote>

	=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===		=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===

Precop, City

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 03:33:33 GMT

1692. The gazetteer's, or, Newsman's interpreter by Laurence Echard.

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			=== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. ===
			<blockquote>Precop, a town in the Lesser Tartary, which is thence called Precopense.</blockquote>

	=== 1692. The gazetteer's, or, Newsman's interpreter by Laurence Echard. ===		=== 1692. The gazetteer's, or, Newsman's interpreter by Laurence Echard. ===
	<blockquote>Precop, or Przecop, a strong Fort of Crim-Tartary, sub. to the Tartars. It stands on the Isthmus, of the Peninsula, about 85 m. N.W. of [[Caffa\|Kaffa]]. Lon. 59.25. Lat, 48.25. ''//[[Coordinates:Echard]]''</blockquote>		<blockquote>Precop, or Przecop, a strong Fort of Crim-Tartary, sub. to the Tartars. It stands on the Isthmus, of the Peninsula, about 85 m. N.W. of [[Caffa\|Kaffa]]. Lon. 59.25. Lat, 48.25. ''//[[Coordinates:Echard]]''</blockquote>

Zahaspa

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 03:32:53 GMT

1676. A most exact and accurate map of the whole world by Donald Lupton.

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	=== 1652. Cosmographie in four bookes by Peter Heylyn. ===		=== 1652. Cosmographie in four bookes by Peter Heylyn. ===
	<blockquote>Zabaspia, of less antiquity, but of greater estimation at the present time. Situate on the mouth of the River [[Oxus]] (now called Abias) on the brink of the Caspian, and much frequented by the Merchants of forein Countreys, chiefly from [[India]], and [[Cathay]].</blockquote>		<blockquote>Zabaspia, of less antiquity, but of greater estimation at the present time. Situate on the mouth of the River [[Oxus]] (now called Abias) on the brink of the Caspian, and much frequented by the Merchants of forein Countreys, chiefly from [[India]], and [[Cathay]].</blockquote>

			=== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. ===
			<blockquote>Zahaspe, a port town in the [[Caspian Sea\|Caspian sea]] in [[Zagathay\|Zagathai]].</blockquote>

	=== 1676. A most exact and accurate map of the whole world by Donald Lupton. ===		=== 1676. A most exact and accurate map of the whole world by Donald Lupton. ===

Zagathay

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 03:31:51 GMT

1676. A most exact and accurate map of the whole world by Donald Lupton.

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	But for my part I dare not say that ever any one King did command the whole people generally; each Tribe or Nation having their particular Kings, as in other places not reduced into form and order. And therefore for those Kings, if such Kings there were (as for some of them I durst venture to swear the contrary) they must be such as in their severall Countries were of greatest same, most taken notice of in the world, or imployed in the conduct of their joynt and united forces; and so conceived to be the Kings of the whole Scythian Nation; as Cassibeline, King of the Trinobantes, and perhaps not that, is by some writers said to be the King of the Britains, because he had the conduct of their forces against Julius Caesar.</blockquote>		But for my part I dare not say that ever any one King did command the whole people generally; each Tribe or Nation having their particular Kings, as in other places not reduced into form and order. And therefore for those Kings, if such Kings there were (as for some of them I durst venture to swear the contrary) they must be such as in their severall Countries were of greatest same, most taken notice of in the world, or imployed in the conduct of their joynt and united forces; and so conceived to be the Kings of the whole Scythian Nation; as Cassibeline, King of the Trinobantes, and perhaps not that, is by some writers said to be the King of the Britains, because he had the conduct of their forces against Julius Caesar.</blockquote>

			=== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. ===
			<blockquote>Zagathai, a part of Tartary in Asia.</blockquote>

	=== 1676. A most exact and accurate map of the whole world by Donald Lupton. ===		=== 1676. A most exact and accurate map of the whole world by Donald Lupton. ===

California

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 03:31:02 GMT

Created page with "=== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. === <blockquote>California, an Island near to new Mexico.</blockquote>"

New page

=== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. ===
<blockquote>California, an Island near to new Mexico.</blockquote>

Tartaria

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 03:29:03 GMT

1676. A most exact and accurate map of the whole world by Donald Lupton.

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	FINIS.</blockquote>		FINIS.</blockquote>

			=== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. ===
			<blockquote>Tartarie, a country in Asia, of the largest extent of any other of the world.</blockquote>

	===1676. A most exact and accurate map of the whole world by Donald Lupton.===		===1676. A most exact and accurate map of the whole world by Donald Lupton.===

Samarchand

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 03:28:13 GMT

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			=== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. ===
			<blockquote>Samarcanda, a town in Tartary, the Residence of the great Tamerlane.</blockquote>

	=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===		=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===
	<blockquote>Samarchand, Samarchanda, Marchanda, a vast City in the Asiatick Tartary; one hundred Miles beyond the River Oxus; the Capital of that Kingdom, and the Royal City of that great Prince Tamberlaine, who stiled himself Flagellum Dei, the Scourge of God: who about the year 1402, took Bajazet the Emperor of the Turks his Prisoner, and died in the year 1406. This Prince bestowed his utmost care in adorning, beautifying, and enlarging this City: built in it a very strong Castle, and instituted an University. But in what state it now is, is not easily known.</blockquote><blockquote>Badascian, Maracanda, a City often mentioned in the Writers of the Life of Alexander the Great. Tamerlane the Great was born here, and had his Palace in it, who much beautified it, and erected here an University. It belongs now to the Province Zagataja in Tartary, and lies about 100 Miles North of the River Oxu. A famous place for Merchandile, very large, and the Capital of the Eastern Tartars. Chalcocondylas calls it Samarachantan and the Tartars Samarcand.</blockquote>		<blockquote>Samarchand, Samarchanda, Marchanda, a vast City in the Asiatick Tartary; one hundred Miles beyond the River Oxus; the Capital of that Kingdom, and the Royal City of that great Prince Tamberlaine, who stiled himself Flagellum Dei, the Scourge of God: who about the year 1402, took Bajazet the Emperor of the Turks his Prisoner, and died in the year 1406. This Prince bestowed his utmost care in adorning, beautifying, and enlarging this City: built in it a very strong Castle, and instituted an University. But in what state it now is, is not easily known.</blockquote><blockquote>Badascian, Maracanda, a City often mentioned in the Writers of the Life of Alexander the Great. Tamerlane the Great was born here, and had his Palace in it, who much beautified it, and erected here an University. It belongs now to the Province Zagataja in Tartary, and lies about 100 Miles North of the River Oxu. A famous place for Merchandile, very large, and the Capital of the Eastern Tartars. Chalcocondylas calls it Samarachantan and the Tartars Samarcand.</blockquote>

Kiow

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 03:27:30 GMT

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			=== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. ===
			<blockquote>Kiow, the chief town of Volhinia, upon the Boristhenes a River in Scythia, very strongly sortified, by reason of the vicinity of the Tartars.</blockquote>

	=== 1692. The gazetteer's, or, Newsman's interpreter by Laurence Echard. ===		=== 1692. The gazetteer's, or, Newsman's interpreter by Laurence Echard. ===
	<blockquote>Kiow, or Ki•f, a great and famous (but now declining) City and Castle of Poland, the M. of the Pr. of Vkrane; a B. un. the A. of Lemburg, sub. to the Russians. It stands on the R. Nieper, 240 m. N.E. of Kaminieck, 430 E. of Warsaw, and 500 E. of Cracow. Lon. 53.20. Lat. 50.42.</blockquote>		<blockquote>Kiow, or Ki•f, a great and famous (but now declining) City and Castle of Poland, the M. of the Pr. of Vkrane; a B. un. the A. of Lemburg, sub. to the Russians. It stands on the R. Nieper, 240 m. N.E. of Kaminieck, 430 E. of Warsaw, and 500 E. of Cracow. Lon. 53.20. Lat. 50.42.</blockquote>

Cazan, Province

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 03:26:32 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:26, 13 June 2026
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			=== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. ===
	{{InfoboxCountry
			<blockquote>Cazan, a Kingdom and [[Cazan\|Town]] of the same name in Tartary belonging to the great Duke of Moscovy.</blockquote>{{InfoboxCountry
	\|name =		\|name =
	\|Government =Kingdom		\|Government =Kingdom

Cazan

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 03:26:01 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:26, 13 June 2026
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			=== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. ===
			<blockquote>Cazan, a [[Cazan, Province\|Kingdom]] and Town of the same name in Tartary belonging to the great Duke of Moscovy.</blockquote>

	=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===		=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===
	<blockquote>Casan, Casana, a very considerable City in [[Russia\|Muscovy]], upon the River Casanka; in a pleasant Plain, about 10▪ German Miles from the Northern Shoar of the Wolga in Long. 99. 00. Lat. 55. 38. ''//Paris Meridian was used in the book''		<blockquote>Casan, Casana, a very considerable City in [[Russia\|Muscovy]], upon the River Casanka; in a pleasant Plain, about 10▪ German Miles from the Northern Shoar of the Wolga in Long. 99. 00. Lat. 55. 38. ''//Paris Meridian was used in the book''

Cathay

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 03:25:08 GMT

1676. A most exact and accurate map of the whole world by Donald Lupton.

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	# Succuir, situate amongst Mountains clothed with Rhubarb, from whence conveyed by Merchants over all the world, but so neglected by the natives, that did not the forein Merchant bring it into request, they would scorn to gather it. This once a Kingdome of it self, but subject now, with Tanguth, to the Cham of Cathay, or the Great Cham of Tartary.		# Succuir, situate amongst Mountains clothed with Rhubarb, from whence conveyed by Merchants over all the world, but so neglected by the natives, that did not the forein Merchant bring it into request, they would scorn to gather it. This once a Kingdome of it self, but subject now, with Tanguth, to the Cham of Cathay, or the Great Cham of Tartary.
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

			=== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. ===
			<blockquote>Cathaye, a country in Tartary in Asia.</blockquote>

	===1676. A most exact and accurate map of the whole world by Donald Lupton.===		===1676. A most exact and accurate map of the whole world by Donald Lupton.===

Astracan, Province

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 03:24:16 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:24, 13 June 2026
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			=== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. ===
			<blockquote>Astracan, a Town, and Kingdom, in the greater Tartary, near the mouth of the River Volga, belonging to the Great Duke of Muscovy.</blockquote>

	=== 1682. Cosmography and geography in two parts by Richard Blome. ===		=== 1682. Cosmography and geography in two parts by Richard Blome. ===
	<blockquote>ASTRACAN lieth on the Volga, whose chief place is so called, enjoyeth a good Trade, especially by the Armenians, by reason of its commodious scituation, on the branches of the Volga, about 20 Italian miles from the Caspian Sea.</blockquote>{{InfoboxCountry		<blockquote>ASTRACAN lieth on the Volga, whose chief place is so called, enjoyeth a good Trade, especially by the Armenians, by reason of its commodious scituation, on the branches of the Volga, about 20 Italian miles from the Caspian Sea.</blockquote>{{InfoboxCountry

Astracan

Admin — Sat, 13 Jun 2026 03:23:09 GMT

1638. The merchants map of commerce by Roberts, Lewes

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	Wine and liquid commodities is sold by the but, which is 46 mistaties, and which also renders in Venetia 3¼ Bigonso. </blockquote>		Wine and liquid commodities is sold by the but, which is 46 mistaties, and which also renders in Venetia 3¼ Bigonso. </blockquote>

			=== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. ===
			<blockquote>Astracan, a Town, and Kingdom, in the greater Tartary, near the mouth of the River Volga, belonging to the Great Duke of Muscovy.</blockquote>

	=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===		=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===