Arabia - Revision history

Admin at 20:30, 23 April 2026

2026-04-23T20:30:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:30, 23 April 2026
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	=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===		=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===
	<blockquote>Arabia, is a very large Country in Asia: having on the North Syria and Diarbechia; upon the East the Persian Gulph, and the Streights of Basor, by which it is separated from [[Persia]]; on the South it has the Arabian Sea, and on the West the Red Sea, which cuts it off in great part from Africa. The Southern and Eastern parts, which are the greatest, are well cultivated; but the Northern is for the most part barren and sandy, having but few Inhabitants or Cities, by reason of the vast Desarts, barren Mountains, and want of Water. It is all under Princes of its own, except a small part of Arabia Petraea, in which the Turks have some few Forts. This vast Country is divided into three Parts, viz. The Desart, The Happy, and The Stony.~~</blockquote>~~		<blockquote>Arabia, is a very large Country in Asia: having on the North Syria and Diarbechia; upon the East the Persian Gulph, and the Streights of Basor, by which it is separated from [[Persia]]; on the South it has the Arabian Sea, and on the West the Red Sea, which cuts it off in great part from Africa. The Southern and Eastern parts, which are the greatest, are well cultivated; but the Northern is for the most part barren and sandy, having but few Inhabitants or Cities, by reason of the vast Desarts, barren Mountains, and want of Water. It is all under Princes of its own, except a small part of Arabia Petraea, in which the Turks have some few Forts. This vast Country is divided into three Parts, viz. The Desart, The Happy, and The Stony.

			Arabia Deserta, (the Desart) is the least part of all the three, and lies most North: call'd by the Asiaticks Berii Arabistan; bounded on the South by the Mountains of Arabia the Happy, on the East by the Province of Iraca, heretofore Chaldea; upon the North by Diarvechia, from which it is separated by the River Euphrates; upon the West by Syria, the Holy Land, and Arabia the Stony.

			Arabia Foelix, (the Happy) is the greatest of all the three parts, and lies extended to the South and East: it is call'd by the Inhabitants Jemen, and is encompass'd on all sides by the Sea, except towards the North, where it bounds upon the other two Arabia's. There are in this part many Kingdoms and great Cities, the Soil being fruitful, and the Country not easie to be invaded by the neighbour Nations, by reason of its Situation.

			Arabia Petraea, (the Stony) lies more West, and is call'd by the Turks Dase-lik Arabistan, or as others say, Baraab Arabistan by the Natives: it is bounded on the North by the Holy Land, and part of Syria; on the East by Arabia Deserta in part, and by Arabia Foelix in part, as also on the South; and on the West it has the Red Sea and Egypt. Two things have made these Countries known to all the World, The wandering of the Children of Israel 40 Years, in the first; and the Birth of that great Deceiver Mahomet, in the latter of these three Parts.</blockquote>

	=== 1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child. ===		=== 1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child. ===

Admin at 19:42, 19 November 2025

2025-11-19T19:42:04Z

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	==Notable People==		==Notable People==
	==Sources from old books==		==Sources from old books==

			=== 1557. Geographiae by Dominici Marii Nigri Veneti. [Latin] ===
			<blockquote>Arabia felix regio, prisitnum adhuc nomen retinet, nam Arabes illi dicunt. Quam in duas partes dividitur: quarum altera Sabaea dicitur à Saba civitate, quae & regionis utriusque caput; altera Hagees in qua Gidde Indiaci mercatus portus. Sabae vero doxoris fertilitate aestatis lima, ex quo illi cognomentum est, nam Graeci eudaimonem dicunt, id est felix, Plinius quod de Cardamomo scriberet, cinnamomo gentiles proximam creant inquit, ubi prius Arabiae ditissima dicuntur incertae causarh, quae cognomine illi felicis ac beatæ dedere, siquidem thys myrrham principaliter (preter reliqua fragraria quae creat plurima) feret. Lapides quoque colorato, tum splendore admirando lucido crystallo similes, non quod à frigore quam ad modum solidum congelatur sed tenenti caloris: similiter lapillos alios prælari similes. Nec minus rare quo conlignitur Arabico Persicoque Rubro, inter quae ipsam peninsulam modum facit. Ex illo namque margaritae pariuntur. Quibus gentium copia, & amplitudine, regionis tegestis nequequam potiundae est, quae felicitate maxime in priori ævo fuisse fertur longo jam annorum spatio, quod Arabes meminerint Sabaeo, postquam illos mendaciæ dixerit appellasse, at Arabes quae hanc æstate felicax appellatus temporibus minime locuples erat, quando & Sipha ad modum erat egena, cujus civitas fuit hominum in interioris degentium. Sennacirii scilicet paris in pluviis rara terris armorum, unde regio vocabullo est coenctuit, quare talliae penes nostros non dubüs & rarâ, & preciosa est. Hae quidem antea veterem baratbat, est dixi, cum Saba civitas copia mercaturæ satis clara esset. Sed ea pars, quae ad Æthiopiam spectat fertilis magis, pluribusque scilicet arboribus nobilitatur, quorum nonnullæ fructu genere sunt & opulentiæ: quae vero ad humida vel minus apta videri, bona pecori est, ubi nationes plurimae pastoralem vitam agunt: Quod tanta Homerus; Tepuedum omne ut surgerunt funditur in annum. Feræ earum varias proles agrestium parte qua eâs judicab. Arabis inactae, sed nam leones, & pardos, & tigres numeris etiam elephanto rum greges & camelorum: Sed & boum ovium latissimas gregationes, & equos ad hanc maxime regionem usitatius eoriente huic modi boues atque oves capiuntur. Per hanc terra flumina decurrunt, quorum alia lacus efficiunt, alia campos rigant: item aëri tenuissimis turbescunt, quos fertiliores redduntur, bis eos sæpe

			eut & India, ubi precipuélini magna copia, Arabes omnes communi vocabulo poeta Erembos vocauct. Aethiopas predii: tum Sidonios, & Erembos. Id est Arabes. Qui & moribus viuunt & cultibus plurimis metra, intio scire, barba araduur praeterr quam in superiorilala; aliis & intanc tonsu. Inunimert gens delitismare apud quas maximé apud Rom. Part theromg subditen, undemes, quae & mari, aut stylis capiunt, nihilò fibi in erem rem emimentes: omnes laété & serina carne camoroum praeserim uenet utentes. Haec regio per septentrionalem latus, quod duabus Arshijs Petre, Deseré sphingtur, undique circundant marit haud minus tricis cenres teris ac aquigen simili, passibus praetennagilate. Obccasi (ut pauló ante) Arabico: Abruori Persico: A meridie Rubro. In Arabico itaque mari hoc est in eius intima port Petraam, Elaniticus pandir sinus, in quo Elias tuei sim nomen indicere, Quorum modico spatio mare Hagræria Elanitica, vel ut alij Leanitica (nam & ipsum sinum Leanitum nonnulli scribunt) quidam Alaniticum, Leaniticum. Et ionciis ubi Sthagra, Homo Nysár humem in excello motec as florido tam uidetur uelle. In front huius sinns influeit quedam parteus, quas qui inha bitanl eos qui ex AEgypto nauigant praedar solent. Post Elanitás, a mare Thamy ditach latus in, inquibus Polmidon oppidum est, cui conimuitile & palmeri quoddat aguis abundantis, & in magno honore apud eos haberi, propterea quod tota circumgensas regio est ufiuosa fit & arida, & umbrarum expers, Vbiü testes propter ferarum multitudi nem iri tugunis stactis super arboribus dormiun, quiex palmulis siluim ducunt. Dein Onna, & Modianard; & piada: contra que insula Diae st. Item Hippos mós longe ex mediterraneo procerunes, Cui haud in mariprocul insule tres obsai cent AEiuoctae; deserta, oleis Aethiopicis abundantes nostris dissimilibus, quarum lachryma demadcam uim habet, Mox Sidinho miles incantes, apud quos Hippos & posnisis in sinum aquidioris potens fise: locus ab equis dictus, eé quod ibi pulchri ores nascitur. Dein Darream funn inquibus Phenctium pagus, quo est emondiatio iambítare praterit, nauigat difficile entrem & 6 grinia mai. passium ferét; postrum & Sicendam anchomarcarum inopia, monás testines & præceptú vertimus, omni binationes crebra veca sunt. Iude ad mare, quae aduentantia tempestatem nonnunquam pertules culeuantur e uentorum, naturae haru imbrem habernt, Che nerosuless Post eundem tractum al spes quibuí dam scopulis imminens, uetante amem Chesi ne ut instutari cum queà Timage miserratis. Protinus in otore turnilla de stellos cognomen accepit: Posteã extra locos actiore Bremer Char mors diem fectitant, quo & reí sper: sed ambitus, greffi moradi loco scaphe ar te perpetua insestrum iis, quos trans sere iubent, & viam dæseripunt in iiltes locis re plena & culeuiapta: Item Arfse populi in quibus Lambia uicus: Cui

			</blockquote>

	=== 1630. Relations of the most famous kingdomes. London. by Giovanni Botero. ===		=== 1630. Relations of the most famous kingdomes. London. by Giovanni Botero. ===

Admin: /* 1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child. */

2025-10-18T17:58:45Z

1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:58, 18 October 2025
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	Arabia Faelix goes under that Name, as being a good Countrey. It has Horses very much esteem'd, Manna, Cinnamon, Myrrh, Balm, Benjamin, Incense, and other Perfumes. There is so great a quantity of Incense, that from the Port of Dolfar, the Inhabitants furnish the principal parts of the World. Aden is a City of great trade, in a small Peninsula, at the foot of a Mountain, with two Castles towards the North, and a small Fortress at the entrance of the Harbour. The Portugals, at the time of their establishment in the East Indies, had Orders to make themselves Masters of Aden, Ormus, and Malaca, by reason of their important situations. The Turks prevented them at Aden, whose King they caused to be hang'd on the Mast of their Captain's Galley. Since that time, there have been some Revolutions, those of the Countrey having dispossess'd the Turks. Ormus and Malaca have been in the power of the Portuguese: the Persians have taken from them Ormus, by the help of the English; and the Hollanders, Malaca, Mecha and Medina are famous for the Pilgrimages of the Mahometans, who are in great esteem after such a Journey: they go particularly to Mecha, to pay their devotion to Kiaabee, the four-square House, which they call the House of God, as having been built by Abraham. This City, about as big as York, as containing about six thousand Houses, is a days journey distant from the Red-Sea; the place of the Birth of Mahomet, whose body was, as some Authors say, transferred to Medina, when Albaquerque, the Portuguese, would have surpriz'd the Port of Ziden, otherwise called Gidde, with design to go with Cavalry, and fetch away that Mahometan Relick. The Countrey about Mecha, produces in abundance that sort of Berry, which serves to make the Drink, called Coffee, so much us'd in the Levant, by reason of its virtue, to fortifie the Stomach, and facilitate Digestion. Medina, three days journey from the Red-Sea, is the place where that pretended Prophet lyes buryed. Endeavours have been used to make his Tomb pass for a Wonder, as if it was suspended in the Air, by the means of the Load-stone; this is not only found to be a fallacy, but Antiquity shews us such like things: Democritus, the Athenian, by order of Ptolomey, King of Aegypt, undertook to make the Statue of Arsinoe all of Iron, for to dispose it after the like manner; and in the Temple of Serapis in Alexandria; they formerly hung up, the same way, a Sun made of a very delicate Iron. The Prince of Mecha, called Sultan Scherif, is one of the most Potent of all Arabia: His most usual Residence is in Almacharana: The Grand Seignior makes him often Presents, and causes part of the Revenue of Aegypt to be given him, by reason that he's of the Race of Mahomet; and to oblige him to defend the Turkish Pilgrims. The Arabians call Scherifs, the Relations of Mahomet, the Turks call them Emirs. Fartach, Caxem, Gubel-haman, Alibinali, Amanzirifdin, Masfa, Mascalat; Jemen, are as many Sultanies, or small Kingdoms in Arabia-Felix. Mascate formerly belonging to the Portugals, has for a long while carried on the trade from the Indies, to the Mecha, by the means of the Cities El-Catif and Lehsa. Sohar in the Eastern part drove the Commerce, which has since been to Ormus, and to Gombru. [[Mocha]] upon the Red Sea, is an open Town with a small Castle. By reason of the goodness of its Haven, there resort thither Ships from all parts of the East-Indies with Merchandizes, to take in those of Europe, which are in like manner brought thither. There are Jews, Persians, Armenians, Indians, Banians. It is the place, where the Pilgrims disembark, who go from the Indies to Mecha. 'Tis much augmented, since the Ships which were bound from Sues to Aden, unload there, for the avoiding the dangerous Passages of the Streight of Bebel-Mandel.</blockquote>		Arabia Faelix goes under that Name, as being a good Countrey. It has Horses very much esteem'd, Manna, Cinnamon, Myrrh, Balm, Benjamin, Incense, and other Perfumes. There is so great a quantity of Incense, that from the Port of Dolfar, the Inhabitants furnish the principal parts of the World. Aden is a City of great trade, in a small Peninsula, at the foot of a Mountain, with two Castles towards the North, and a small Fortress at the entrance of the Harbour. The Portugals, at the time of their establishment in the East Indies, had Orders to make themselves Masters of Aden, Ormus, and Malaca, by reason of their important situations. The Turks prevented them at Aden, whose King they caused to be hang'd on the Mast of their Captain's Galley. Since that time, there have been some Revolutions, those of the Countrey having dispossess'd the Turks. Ormus and Malaca have been in the power of the Portuguese: the Persians have taken from them Ormus, by the help of the English; and the Hollanders, Malaca, Mecha and Medina are famous for the Pilgrimages of the Mahometans, who are in great esteem after such a Journey: they go particularly to Mecha, to pay their devotion to Kiaabee, the four-square House, which they call the House of God, as having been built by Abraham. This City, about as big as York, as containing about six thousand Houses, is a days journey distant from the Red-Sea; the place of the Birth of Mahomet, whose body was, as some Authors say, transferred to Medina, when Albaquerque, the Portuguese, would have surpriz'd the Port of Ziden, otherwise called Gidde, with design to go with Cavalry, and fetch away that Mahometan Relick. The Countrey about Mecha, produces in abundance that sort of Berry, which serves to make the Drink, called Coffee, so much us'd in the Levant, by reason of its virtue, to fortifie the Stomach, and facilitate Digestion. Medina, three days journey from the Red-Sea, is the place where that pretended Prophet lyes buryed. Endeavours have been used to make his Tomb pass for a Wonder, as if it was suspended in the Air, by the means of the Load-stone; this is not only found to be a fallacy, but Antiquity shews us such like things: Democritus, the Athenian, by order of Ptolomey, King of Aegypt, undertook to make the Statue of Arsinoe all of Iron, for to dispose it after the like manner; and in the Temple of Serapis in Alexandria; they formerly hung up, the same way, a Sun made of a very delicate Iron. The Prince of Mecha, called Sultan Scherif, is one of the most Potent of all Arabia: His most usual Residence is in Almacharana: The Grand Seignior makes him often Presents, and causes part of the Revenue of Aegypt to be given him, by reason that he's of the Race of Mahomet; and to oblige him to defend the Turkish Pilgrims. The Arabians call Scherifs, the Relations of Mahomet, the Turks call them Emirs. Fartach, Caxem, Gubel-haman, Alibinali, Amanzirifdin, Masfa, Mascalat; Jemen, are as many Sultanies, or small Kingdoms in Arabia-Felix. Mascate formerly belonging to the Portugals, has for a long while carried on the trade from the Indies, to the Mecha, by the means of the Cities El-Catif and Lehsa. Sohar in the Eastern part drove the Commerce, which has since been to Ormus, and to Gombru. [[Mocha]] upon the Red Sea, is an open Town with a small Castle. By reason of the goodness of its Haven, there resort thither Ships from all parts of the East-Indies with Merchandizes, to take in those of Europe, which are in like manner brought thither. There are Jews, Persians, Armenians, Indians, Banians. It is the place, where the Pilgrims disembark, who go from the Indies to Mecha. 'Tis much augmented, since the Ships which were bound from Sues to Aden, unload there, for the avoiding the dangerous Passages of the Streight of Bebel-Mandel.</blockquote>

			=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===
			<blockquote>Arabia, is a very large Country in Asia: having on the North Syria and Diarbechia; upon the East the Persian Gulph, and the Streights of Basor, by which it is separated from [[Persia]]; on the South it has the Arabian Sea, and on the West the Red Sea, which cuts it off in great part from Africa. The Southern and Eastern parts, which are the greatest, are well cultivated; but the Northern is for the most part barren and sandy, having but few Inhabitants or Cities, by reason of the vast Desarts, barren Mountains, and want of Water. It is all under Princes of its own, except a small part of Arabia Petraea, in which the Turks have some few Forts. This vast Country is divided into three Parts, viz. The Desart, The Happy, and The Stony.</blockquote>

	=== 1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child. ===		=== 1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child. ===

Admin at 01:33, 21 January 2025

2025-01-21T01:33:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:33, 21 January 2025
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	Arabia Faelix goes under that Name, as being a good Countrey. It has Horses very much esteem'd, Manna, Cinnamon, Myrrh, Balm, Benjamin, Incense, and other Perfumes. There is so great a quantity of Incense, that from the Port of Dolfar, the Inhabitants furnish the principal parts of the World. Aden is a City of great trade, in a small Peninsula, at the foot of a Mountain, with two Castles towards the North, and a small Fortress at the entrance of the Harbour. The Portugals, at the time of their establishment in the East Indies, had Orders to make themselves Masters of Aden, Ormus, and Malaca, by reason of their important situations. The Turks prevented them at Aden, whose King they caused to be hang'd on the Mast of their Captain's Galley. Since that time, there have been some Revolutions, those of the Countrey having dispossess'd the Turks. Ormus and Malaca have been in the power of the Portuguese: the Persians have taken from them Ormus, by the help of the English; and the Hollanders, Malaca, Mecha and Medina are famous for the Pilgrimages of the Mahometans, who are in great esteem after such a Journey: they go particularly to Mecha, to pay their devotion to Kiaabee, the four-square House, which they call the House of God, as having been built by Abraham. This City, about as big as York, as containing about six thousand Houses, is a days journey distant from the Red-Sea; the place of the Birth of Mahomet, whose body was, as some Authors say, transferred to Medina, when Albaquerque, the Portuguese, would have surpriz'd the Port of Ziden, otherwise called Gidde, with design to go with Cavalry, and fetch away that Mahometan Relick. The Countrey about Mecha, produces in abundance that sort of Berry, which serves to make the Drink, called Coffee, so much us'd in the Levant, by reason of its virtue, to fortifie the Stomach, and facilitate Digestion. Medina, three days journey from the Red-Sea, is the place where that pretended Prophet lyes buryed. Endeavours have been used to make his Tomb pass for a Wonder, as if it was suspended in the Air, by the means of the Load-stone; this is not only found to be a fallacy, but Antiquity shews us such like things: Democritus, the Athenian, by order of Ptolomey, King of Aegypt, undertook to make the Statue of Arsinoe all of Iron, for to dispose it after the like manner; and in the Temple of Serapis in Alexandria; they formerly hung up, the same way, a Sun made of a very delicate Iron. The Prince of Mecha, called Sultan Scherif, is one of the most Potent of all Arabia: His most usual Residence is in Almacharana: The Grand Seignior makes him often Presents, and causes part of the Revenue of Aegypt to be given him, by reason that he's of the Race of Mahomet; and to oblige him to defend the Turkish Pilgrims. The Arabians call Scherifs, the Relations of Mahomet, the Turks call them Emirs. Fartach, Caxem, Gubel-haman, Alibinali, Amanzirifdin, Masfa, Mascalat; Jemen, are as many Sultanies, or small Kingdoms in Arabia-Felix. Mascate formerly belonging to the Portugals, has for a long while carried on the trade from the Indies, to the Mecha, by the means of the Cities El-Catif and Lehsa. Sohar in the Eastern part drove the Commerce, which has since been to Ormus, and to Gombru. [[Mocha]] upon the Red Sea, is an open Town with a small Castle. By reason of the goodness of its Haven, there resort thither Ships from all parts of the East-Indies with Merchandizes, to take in those of Europe, which are in like manner brought thither. There are Jews, Persians, Armenians, Indians, Banians. It is the place, where the Pilgrims disembark, who go from the Indies to Mecha. 'Tis much augmented, since the Ships which were bound from Sues to Aden, unload there, for the avoiding the dangerous Passages of the Streight of Bebel-Mandel.</blockquote>		Arabia Faelix goes under that Name, as being a good Countrey. It has Horses very much esteem'd, Manna, Cinnamon, Myrrh, Balm, Benjamin, Incense, and other Perfumes. There is so great a quantity of Incense, that from the Port of Dolfar, the Inhabitants furnish the principal parts of the World. Aden is a City of great trade, in a small Peninsula, at the foot of a Mountain, with two Castles towards the North, and a small Fortress at the entrance of the Harbour. The Portugals, at the time of their establishment in the East Indies, had Orders to make themselves Masters of Aden, Ormus, and Malaca, by reason of their important situations. The Turks prevented them at Aden, whose King they caused to be hang'd on the Mast of their Captain's Galley. Since that time, there have been some Revolutions, those of the Countrey having dispossess'd the Turks. Ormus and Malaca have been in the power of the Portuguese: the Persians have taken from them Ormus, by the help of the English; and the Hollanders, Malaca, Mecha and Medina are famous for the Pilgrimages of the Mahometans, who are in great esteem after such a Journey: they go particularly to Mecha, to pay their devotion to Kiaabee, the four-square House, which they call the House of God, as having been built by Abraham. This City, about as big as York, as containing about six thousand Houses, is a days journey distant from the Red-Sea; the place of the Birth of Mahomet, whose body was, as some Authors say, transferred to Medina, when Albaquerque, the Portuguese, would have surpriz'd the Port of Ziden, otherwise called Gidde, with design to go with Cavalry, and fetch away that Mahometan Relick. The Countrey about Mecha, produces in abundance that sort of Berry, which serves to make the Drink, called Coffee, so much us'd in the Levant, by reason of its virtue, to fortifie the Stomach, and facilitate Digestion. Medina, three days journey from the Red-Sea, is the place where that pretended Prophet lyes buryed. Endeavours have been used to make his Tomb pass for a Wonder, as if it was suspended in the Air, by the means of the Load-stone; this is not only found to be a fallacy, but Antiquity shews us such like things: Democritus, the Athenian, by order of Ptolomey, King of Aegypt, undertook to make the Statue of Arsinoe all of Iron, for to dispose it after the like manner; and in the Temple of Serapis in Alexandria; they formerly hung up, the same way, a Sun made of a very delicate Iron. The Prince of Mecha, called Sultan Scherif, is one of the most Potent of all Arabia: His most usual Residence is in Almacharana: The Grand Seignior makes him often Presents, and causes part of the Revenue of Aegypt to be given him, by reason that he's of the Race of Mahomet; and to oblige him to defend the Turkish Pilgrims. The Arabians call Scherifs, the Relations of Mahomet, the Turks call them Emirs. Fartach, Caxem, Gubel-haman, Alibinali, Amanzirifdin, Masfa, Mascalat; Jemen, are as many Sultanies, or small Kingdoms in Arabia-Felix. Mascate formerly belonging to the Portugals, has for a long while carried on the trade from the Indies, to the Mecha, by the means of the Cities El-Catif and Lehsa. Sohar in the Eastern part drove the Commerce, which has since been to Ormus, and to Gombru. [[Mocha]] upon the Red Sea, is an open Town with a small Castle. By reason of the goodness of its Haven, there resort thither Ships from all parts of the East-Indies with Merchandizes, to take in those of Europe, which are in like manner brought thither. There are Jews, Persians, Armenians, Indians, Banians. It is the place, where the Pilgrims disembark, who go from the Indies to Mecha. 'Tis much augmented, since the Ships which were bound from Sues to Aden, unload there, for the avoiding the dangerous Passages of the Streight of Bebel-Mandel.</blockquote>

			=== 1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child. ===
			<blockquote>ARABIA.

			ARabia, which the Eastern People call Arabistan, is a Country adjoyning to Africa, and lyes on the South of Turkie in Asia; it is so encompassed with the Red Sea, Ocean, and Persian Gulf, that it hath the form of an Island almost; having on the North, Syria, Diarbeck, and Euphrates: On the South, the Arabian, or Indian Sea: And on the West, the Red Sea, or Sea of Mecca.

			The length of this large Region, from West to East, from the Streights of Suez to the Cape of Rakalgate, is 600. Leagues; and breadth, from South to North, 430. Leagues from the City of Aden, to the City of Karkirse in Mesopotamia, near Euphrates. This Coun∣try was the Habitation of Ishmael the Son of Abra∣ham and his Maid Hagar, from whom came the Ara∣bian•.

			The most remarkable Rivers, are Chiabar, which runs by Mecca; Negeran, which passes by the Walls of Dhafar; Prim, which runs by Alibinali, Maffa; Astan, whose Course is by Jamama; and that which waters the City Almacharan.

			Besides the Beglerbegs, which the Grand Signior keeps in this Country, they have Xerifs, or Princes, and some free People, who have maintain'd their Li∣berty against the Turks; especially about the middle, where it is very hard to come, by reason of the Moun∣tains. The most considerable Kings or Sultans, are those of Fartach, Amanzirisdin, and Maffa. The Xe∣rif of Mecca is the most Honourable of all the Xe∣rifs or Governours, because he is of the Posterity of Mahomet. The Bengebres and Beduins are the most potent of all the Free People. They dwell in Tents under the Mountains, and in the Forests, and spend their time in robbing, as the Tartars. The Beduins are always in great Troops about Mecca, to surprize the Pilgrims that go thither; who for that reason send great Presents to the Xerif of Mecca, that he may send his Guards to fight them, and prevent all Disorders. Arabia is the Original of several sorts of People, chief∣ly of Saracens, Arabians, Moors, and Turks, who have at several times made great Conquests in Asia, Africa, and Europe. They have been proficients in the Sciences, especially Mathematicks, in which they have furnished us with the Arabian Characters in Arithmetick. But for the more clear Knowledge of this Country we will consider it in Three Parts, Arabia Petraea, Arabia De∣serta, and Arabia Foelix.

			Arabia Petraea.

			ARabia Petraea hath it's Name from the City Petra, now called Herat, or Arach, i. e. a Rock; because 'tis built on a Rock. This Province hath Palestine and Syria on the North, Aegypt and the Red Sea on the West, a Ridge of Mountains, which part it from Ara∣bia Foelix, on the South, and Arabia Deserta on the East. 'Tis a barren Country, and hath nothing re∣markable in it but Mount Sinai. The Israelites remain∣ed 40 Years in this Country, after their coming out of Aegypt. It was anciently the Country of the Moa∣bites, Amalekites, Midianites, and Idumeans. This part of Arabia is governed by some Princes of their own in those places where there are not so many De∣serts. There are several People, who have no Gover∣nours, nor any setled place of Abode. They are al∣most all Mahometans, and were the first that received the Doctrine of the Alcoran. They pay Tribute to the Bassa of Grand Kair. Their chief Cities are He∣rac or Petra, Madian, Bilan, and Havana.

			Herac or Crac, Petra or Montrial, is between the Dead Sea and Suez.

			Madian is near Palestine. It hath a Desert of the same Name, which took its Name from Median the Son of Abraham and Keturah.

			Moab is about the Confines of the Holy Land. It hath it's Name from Moab the Son of Lot's Eldest Daughter by the incestuous Approach of her Father.

			For, or Elfor, or Eilan, Elano, or Eila, is a Port upon the Red Sea, with a little Stone Castle. It is the Receptacle of their Sciffs and Boats. The Israelites being persued by Pharaoh, passed through this City on dry foot under the Conduct of Moses.

			Arabia Deserta.

			ARabia Deserta, called by the Hebrews Kedar, is at this Day known in Asia by the Name of Arden, Beriara, or Berii-Arabistan. It is situate between Eu∣phrates and Arabia Foelix on the North and South, Chal∣dea on the East, Syria and Arabia Petraea on the West. It is more united than Petraea, but less inhabited, be∣cause of the many Sands and Deserts. It hath scarce any fruitful Land, but what lies along the Banks of Euphrates. The Inhabitants are almost all Shepherds. They have several Sovereign Princes, but all Tribu∣taries to the Grand Seigniour. Nevertheless, they are forced to pass over the vast Plains of Sand by the help of the Mariners Needle, and put themselves in Glass Chests upon Camels, which will go 12 Days Journey together. They have nothing but Pits, of which the Water is ill-tasted. It is subject to some Princes of their own, who are suffered to Rule, because an Army can't be conducted against them through their vast De∣serts.

			Their most remarkable Towns are,

			* ...Anna.
			* ...Tangia.
			* ...Mexatocem.
			* ...Ali.
			* ...Thaalabia.
			* ...Balca.
			* ...Rahabath.
			* ...Sumiscasac.

			Anna is the Head City of Arabia Deserta, standing upon Euphrates. It hath about 4000 Houses in it; but by the last Wars with the Turks it is impoverished, and not so full of Trade as before.

			The City of Ali is near the Lake of Lamach.

			Arabia Foelix.

			THIS Province, which the Turks call Hiaman, is three times as big as the two former put together. It is in the fashion of an Isle almost, between the Red Sea on the West, the Indian or Arabian Ocean on the South, the Gulph of Persia or Babylon on the East, and the two other Arabia's on the North. It is a Country very plentiful in Balm, Myrrh, Incense, Gums, Cassia, Manna, and several other Drugs and Spices. They have also excellent Fruits, divers Metals, several kinds of Beasts. Their Camels and Horses, as also Coral, Pearl, Onyx-stones, which they fish out of the neigh∣bouring Seas, are much valued. The Air is very health∣ful, though it be very cold. It rains not above twice or thrice in a Year in some places; but the Dews that fall in the Night do wet almost as much as Rain, which clarifies the Air, and makes the Soil fruitful. The Arabians, which pretend themselves to be the Po∣sterity of Ishmael, are almost all lean and sawny. They are superstitious, melancholy, thoughtful and grave. Their Language is one of the finest, and most ancient, and most common in Asia, because of the Alcoran, which was written originally in Arabick. The Xerif or Schek of Mecca is one of the most puissant Princes of this Country. It is in Breadth between Forty and Fifty Leagues from Arabia Petraea to Zibit; and more than 260 in Length. The People, which have pre∣served their Liberty, are governed by Schecks, or Princes, or in Form of a Republick. All the Inhabi∣tants are almost Mahometans, and were the first of that Sect. There are some few Christians and Schisma∣ticks.

			Their chief Cities are these:

			* ...Mecca.
			* ...Medina.
			* ...Aden.
			* ...Saada.
			* ...Sanaa.
			* ...Zibith.
			* ...Fortach.
			* ...Caxem.
			* ...Gulielhaman
			* ...Albinali.
			* ...Massa.
			* ...Lassac.
			* ...Elcalif.
			* ...Jamania.
			* ...Jamen.
			* ...Bahrem.
			* ...Maschute.
			* ...Sohar.
			* ...Amanzerifdin.
			* ...Mascalat.

			Meque, or Mecca, stands on the Bank of Betius, or Chaibar, a Days Journey from the Red Sea. It is a large, well-pav'd, and famous City among the Turks, because Mahomet lived a long time in it, and was born there▪ Men come in Caravans from three parts of the World to pay their Devotion here. The Country about Mecca produces great quantity of Coffee.

			Medina, Tetnabi, or Jesrab, or Arx-thymna, Talna∣bia, is upon the River Leakic, three Days Journey from the Red Sea. The Body of Mahomet is Interr'd here.

			Aden, Adenum, is a fine City, inclosed with Walls next the Sea-side, with a commodious Haven, and Mountains on the other side, on which there are seve∣ral Castles. It hath 6000 Houses. It's Situation is in a Peninsula, with a Port. The Vessels lie between two Towers and a Bastion, where there are Guns plant∣ed. Near it is a little Isle called Cira, well fortify'd. Behind the City, at the Foot of a Mountain, is the Haven of Ʋguf, which is free from all sorts of Winds. It is a rich City, and of great Trade, which the Ara∣bians hold with Strangers. The Merchants meet by Night to avoid the great Heat.

			Fortach, Caxem, Galielhaman, Albinali, Amanzirif∣den, Masfa, Mascalat, and Jamen, are so many King∣doms. Sohar in the Eastern parts had all the Trade heretofore to Ormus and Gombru.

			Mocha upon the Red Sea is an open Country, with fine Houses, a small Castle on the North side, and a good Haven, where Vessels from all parts of the East-Indies come. Here also the Pilgrims to Mecca land. It is also filled with Vessels which come from Suez to Aden, which take Land here, to avoid the dangerous Passage of Babel-mandel.</blockquote>

Admin at 02:17, 16 January 2025

2025-01-16T02:17:41Z

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	==History==		==History==
	==Geography==		==Geography==
			<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150" showfilename="yes">
			File:1701 A system of geography by Herman Moll - Turky in Asia.jpg
			</gallery>
	==Demographics==		==Demographics==
	==Economy==		==Economy==

Admin: /* 1638. The merchants mappe of commerce wherein by Lewes Roberts. */

2025-01-04T19:02:59Z

1638. The merchants mappe of commerce wherein by Lewes Roberts.

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:02, 4 January 2025
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	Towards Syria, this is somewhat fertile, yet smally commended for that propertie by the Ancients; for indeed it is exceeding barren, and wanteth necessarie sustenance, wood, and fresh water. The memorable things herein are, the Mountaines of Sinai and Oreb, upon the former whereof, is at this day builded a Monasterie of Christians, following the Greeke Church, and the onely receptacle (or Inne) for way-faring Christians: other place of releese is there none.		Towards Syria, this is somewhat fertile, yet smally commended for that propertie by the Ancients; for indeed it is exceeding barren, and wanteth necessarie sustenance, wood, and fresh water. The memorable things herein are, the Mountaines of Sinai and Oreb, upon the former whereof, is at this day builded a Monasterie of Christians, following the Greeke Church, and the onely receptacle (or Inne) for way-faring Christians: other place of releese is there none.

	Arabia Felix is a very large Province, better manured and watered than the other. It is adorned with Noble Cities, and full of villages; especially towards the sea side, where are many excellent places of trade. The residue, except the sand, is made manurable, either for feeding of Cattell or Camels, in which places live infinite swarmes of divers Nations, by grazing and husbandrie. It bringeth forth whatsoeever will grow in India, and that twice a yeare, in abundant manner, besides Cassia, Cinamon, Myrrh, &c. and soly, as much Frankincense, as will serve all the world. It yeeldeth also metall, and excellent pearle all along the coast by fishing. It sendeth abundance of horse and sheepe into India, whose tailes weigh forty pounds. In it are many famous Cities, as Medinat Al-naby, Mecca, Zidem, Zibit, and Aden.		Arabia Felix is a very large Province, better manured and watered than the other. It is adorned with Noble Cities, and full of villages; especially towards the sea side, where are many excellent places of trade. The residue, except the sand, is made manurable, either for feeding of Cattell or Camels, in which places live infinite swarmes of divers Nations, by grazing and husbandrie. It bringeth forth whatsoeever will grow in India, and that twice a yeare, in abundant manner, besides Cassia, Cinamon, Myrrh, &c. and soly, as much Frankincense, as will serve all the world. It yeeldeth also metall, and excellent pearle all along the coast by fishing. It sendeth abundance of horse and sheepe into India, whose tailes weigh forty pounds. In it are many famous Cities, as Medinat Al-naby, Mecca, Zidem, Zibit, and [[Aden]].

	This City of Aden, together with the whole Country, was in the yeare of our Lord 1538. fraudulently surprised by the Turke, and their King hanged. It is now strongly fortified, and erected into a Stately Turkish Beglerbeg-ship.</blockquote>		This City of [[Aden]], together with the whole Country, was in the yeare of our Lord 1538. fraudulently surprised by the Turke, and their King hanged. It is now strongly fortified, and erected into a Stately Turkish Beglerbeg-ship.</blockquote>

	=== 1638. The merchants mappe of commerce wherein by Lewes Roberts. ===		=== 1638. The merchants mappe of commerce wherein by Lewes Roberts. ===

Admin: /* 1676. A most exact and accurate map of the whole world by Donald Lupton. */

2025-01-04T18:59:35Z

1676. A most exact and accurate map of the whole world by Donald Lupton.

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:59, 4 January 2025
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	In Arabia faelix, Merchants should be better welcome were the Inhabitants so beneficiall to their traffique as their commodities might be made, for it is esteemed the richest and pleasantest part of all Arabia, and indeed of all Asia, abounding with Gold, pearles, Balsam, Myrrhe, Frankinsence, and many other precious drugges.		In Arabia faelix, Merchants should be better welcome were the Inhabitants so beneficiall to their traffique as their commodities might be made, for it is esteemed the richest and pleasantest part of all Arabia, and indeed of all Asia, abounding with Gold, pearles, Balsam, Myrrhe, Frankinsence, and many other precious drugges.

	Here is those two notably noted Townes of Medina and Mecha, the one the birth place, the other the burying place of Mahomet (who in his younger yeares was a Merchant, and in his elder a cunning impostor) where Christians are forbidden to enter, lea•… they should see (as some Authours alledge) the absurdities of the Mahumetane adoration of their great Prophets Sepulcher, whose bodie inclosed in an iron chest, is said by an Adamant to be drawne up to the roofe of the Temple where it hangeth; but herein many of them are and have beene for a long time deceived, for 〈◊〉 selfe and other Merchants that have for some terme of time resided in Turkie, and specially in Constantinople, know by experience that the grand Signior doth yearly send a Carpet or rather tombecloth of greene Velvet to cover the said Sepulcher, the old being then taken away and accounted the fees and vailes of their Priests and cleargie men that attend thereon, who cut the same into severall small pieces, and sell it to the superstitious at extreame rates for precious reliques; the Tombe it selfe being seated in a Temple built in Mecha, of no great magnificence or beautie, save the cost daily bestowed thereupon in Lampes of silver and gold, wherein is Balsam and other such rich odours, oyntments and oyles continually burned, and is seated on the firme ground and not in the ayre, is above is said, and inclosed within an iron grate, wherein some by favour are permitted to enter, from some of whom I have had this relation, and is by divers Turkes that I have knowne and that have seene it and reported it to be so, and no otherwise: this large circuit of ground hath not affoorded me much matter of trade worthy observation that hitherto hath come to my hands; the most pertinent and eminent places are Mocha, the Sea-port of the said Mecha above-named, and Adam, both on the red Sea; of the trade whereof a word, so farre forth as I have gathered, and then I will conclude.</blockquote>		Here is those two notably noted Townes of Medina and Mecha, the one the birth place, the other the burying place of Mahomet (who in his younger yeares was a Merchant, and in his elder a cunning impostor) where Christians are forbidden to enter, lea•… they should see (as some Authours alledge) the absurdities of the Mahumetane adoration of their great Prophets Sepulcher, whose bodie inclosed in an iron chest, is said by an Adamant to be drawne up to the roofe of the Temple where it hangeth; but herein many of them are and have beene for a long time deceived, for 〈◊〉 selfe and other Merchants that have for some terme of time resided in Turkie, and specially in Constantinople, know by experience that the grand Signior doth yearly send a Carpet or rather tombecloth of greene Velvet to cover the said Sepulcher, the old being then taken away and accounted the fees and vailes of their Priests and cleargie men that attend thereon, who cut the same into severall small pieces, and sell it to the superstitious at extreame rates for precious reliques; the Tombe it selfe being seated in a Temple built in Mecha, of no great magnificence or beautie, save the cost daily bestowed thereupon in Lampes of silver and gold, wherein is Balsam and other such rich odours, oyntments and oyles continually burned, and is seated on the firme ground and not in the ayre, is above is said, and inclosed within an iron grate, wherein some by favour are permitted to enter, from some of whom I have had this relation, and is by divers Turkes that I have knowne and that have seene it and reported it to be so, and no otherwise: this large circuit of ground hath not affoorded me much matter of trade worthy observation that hitherto hath come to my hands; the most pertinent and eminent places are [[Mocha]], the Sea-port of the said Mecha above-named, and Adam, both on the red Sea; of the trade whereof a word, so farre forth as I have gathered, and then I will conclude.</blockquote>

	===1676. A most exact and accurate map of the whole world by Donald Lupton.===		===1676. A most exact and accurate map of the whole world by Donald Lupton.===
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	Arabia Deserta is a Countrey, where they often want good Water; tho' there be some Wells, the Water, for the most part, is hardly worth any thing. Ana, upon the Euphrates, has an Arabian Emir. There is a King in this Arabia, who has a moving and portative City, which consists in Tents, and he causes it to be carried whither he pleaseth. He takes this course, to avoid being surpriz'd by the Turks. Sumiscasac is esteem'd the ancient Saba, from whence departed the three Kings, (or rather wise Men) to come and adore the Saviour of the World in Bethlehem.		Arabia Deserta is a Countrey, where they often want good Water; tho' there be some Wells, the Water, for the most part, is hardly worth any thing. Ana, upon the Euphrates, has an Arabian Emir. There is a King in this Arabia, who has a moving and portative City, which consists in Tents, and he causes it to be carried whither he pleaseth. He takes this course, to avoid being surpriz'd by the Turks. Sumiscasac is esteem'd the ancient Saba, from whence departed the three Kings, (or rather wise Men) to come and adore the Saviour of the World in Bethlehem.

	Arabia Faelix goes under that Name, as being a good Countrey. It has Horses very much esteem'd, Manna, Cinnamon, Myrrh, Balm, Benjamin, Incense, and other Perfumes. There is so great a quantity of Incense, that from the Port of Dolfar, the Inhabitants furnish the principal parts of the World. Aden is a City of great trade, in a small Peninsula, at the foot of a Mountain, with two Castles towards the North, and a small Fortress at the entrance of the Harbour. The Portugals, at the time of their establishment in the East Indies, had Orders to make themselves Masters of Aden, Ormus, and Malaca, by reason of their important situations. The Turks prevented them at Aden, whose King they caused to be hang'd on the Mast of their Captain's Galley. Since that time, there have been some Revolutions, those of the Countrey having dispossess'd the Turks. Ormus and Malaca have been in the power of the Portuguese: the Persians have taken from them Ormus, by the help of the English; and the Hollanders, Malaca, Mecha and Medina are famous for the Pilgrimages of the Mahometans, who are in great esteem after such a Journey: they go particularly to Mecha, to pay their devotion to Kiaabee, the four-square House, which they call the House of God, as having been built by Abraham. This City, about as big as York, as containing about six thousand Houses, is a days journey distant from the Red-Sea; the place of the Birth of Mahomet, whose body was, as some Authors say, transferred to Medina, when Albaquerque, the Portuguese, would have surpriz'd the Port of Ziden, otherwise called Gidde, with design to go with Cavalry, and fetch away that Mahometan Relick. The Countrey about Mecha, produces in abundance that sort of Berry, which serves to make the Drink, called Coffee, so much us'd in the Levant, by reason of its virtue, to fortifie the Stomach, and facilitate Digestion. Medina, three days journey from the Red-Sea, is the place where that pretended Prophet lyes buryed. Endeavours have been used to make his Tomb pass for a Wonder, as if it was suspended in the Air, by the means of the Load-stone; this is not only found to be a fallacy, but Antiquity shews us such like things: Democritus, the Athenian, by order of Ptolomey, King of Aegypt, undertook to make the Statue of Arsinoe all of Iron, for to dispose it after the like manner; and in the Temple of Serapis in Alexandria; they formerly hung up, the same way, a Sun made of a very delicate Iron. The Prince of Mecha, called Sultan Scherif, is one of the most Potent of all Arabia: His most usual Residence is in Almacharana: The Grand Seignior makes him often Presents, and causes part of the Revenue of Aegypt to be given him, by reason that he's of the Race of Mahomet; and to oblige him to defend the Turkish Pilgrims. The Arabians call Scherifs, the Relations of Mahomet, the Turks call them Emirs. Fartach, Caxem, Gubel-haman, Alibinali, Amanzirifdin, Masfa, Mascalat; Jemen, are as many Sultanies, or small Kingdoms in Arabia-Felix. Mascate formerly belonging to the Portugals, has for a long while carried on the trade from the Indies, to the Mecha, by the means of the Cities El-Catif and Lehsa. Sohar in the Eastern part drove the Commerce, which has since been to Ormus, and to Gombru. Mocha upon the Red Sea, is an open Town with a small Castle. By reason of the goodness of its Haven, there resort thither Ships from all parts of the East-Indies with Merchandizes, to take in those of Europe, which are in like manner brought thither. There are Jews, Persians, Armenians, Indians, Banians. It is the place, where the Pilgrims disembark, who go from the Indies to Mecha. 'Tis much augmented, since the Ships which were bound from Sues to Aden, unload there, for the avoiding the dangerous Passages of the Streight of Bebel-Mandel.</blockquote>		Arabia Faelix goes under that Name, as being a good Countrey. It has Horses very much esteem'd, Manna, Cinnamon, Myrrh, Balm, Benjamin, Incense, and other Perfumes. There is so great a quantity of Incense, that from the Port of Dolfar, the Inhabitants furnish the principal parts of the World. Aden is a City of great trade, in a small Peninsula, at the foot of a Mountain, with two Castles towards the North, and a small Fortress at the entrance of the Harbour. The Portugals, at the time of their establishment in the East Indies, had Orders to make themselves Masters of Aden, Ormus, and Malaca, by reason of their important situations. The Turks prevented them at Aden, whose King they caused to be hang'd on the Mast of their Captain's Galley. Since that time, there have been some Revolutions, those of the Countrey having dispossess'd the Turks. Ormus and Malaca have been in the power of the Portuguese: the Persians have taken from them Ormus, by the help of the English; and the Hollanders, Malaca, Mecha and Medina are famous for the Pilgrimages of the Mahometans, who are in great esteem after such a Journey: they go particularly to Mecha, to pay their devotion to Kiaabee, the four-square House, which they call the House of God, as having been built by Abraham. This City, about as big as York, as containing about six thousand Houses, is a days journey distant from the Red-Sea; the place of the Birth of Mahomet, whose body was, as some Authors say, transferred to Medina, when Albaquerque, the Portuguese, would have surpriz'd the Port of Ziden, otherwise called Gidde, with design to go with Cavalry, and fetch away that Mahometan Relick. The Countrey about Mecha, produces in abundance that sort of Berry, which serves to make the Drink, called Coffee, so much us'd in the Levant, by reason of its virtue, to fortifie the Stomach, and facilitate Digestion. Medina, three days journey from the Red-Sea, is the place where that pretended Prophet lyes buryed. Endeavours have been used to make his Tomb pass for a Wonder, as if it was suspended in the Air, by the means of the Load-stone; this is not only found to be a fallacy, but Antiquity shews us such like things: Democritus, the Athenian, by order of Ptolomey, King of Aegypt, undertook to make the Statue of Arsinoe all of Iron, for to dispose it after the like manner; and in the Temple of Serapis in Alexandria; they formerly hung up, the same way, a Sun made of a very delicate Iron. The Prince of Mecha, called Sultan Scherif, is one of the most Potent of all Arabia: His most usual Residence is in Almacharana: The Grand Seignior makes him often Presents, and causes part of the Revenue of Aegypt to be given him, by reason that he's of the Race of Mahomet; and to oblige him to defend the Turkish Pilgrims. The Arabians call Scherifs, the Relations of Mahomet, the Turks call them Emirs. Fartach, Caxem, Gubel-haman, Alibinali, Amanzirifdin, Masfa, Mascalat; Jemen, are as many Sultanies, or small Kingdoms in Arabia-Felix. Mascate formerly belonging to the Portugals, has for a long while carried on the trade from the Indies, to the Mecha, by the means of the Cities El-Catif and Lehsa. Sohar in the Eastern part drove the Commerce, which has since been to Ormus, and to Gombru. [[Mocha]] upon the Red Sea, is an open Town with a small Castle. By reason of the goodness of its Haven, there resort thither Ships from all parts of the East-Indies with Merchandizes, to take in those of Europe, which are in like manner brought thither. There are Jews, Persians, Armenians, Indians, Banians. It is the place, where the Pilgrims disembark, who go from the Indies to Mecha. 'Tis much augmented, since the Ships which were bound from Sues to Aden, unload there, for the avoiding the dangerous Passages of the Streight of Bebel-Mandel.</blockquote>

Admin at 18:57, 4 January 2025

2025-01-04T18:57:12Z

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	This City of Aden, together with the whole Country, was in the yeare of our Lord 1538. fraudulently surprised by the Turke, and their King hanged. It is now strongly fortified, and erected into a Stately Turkish Beglerbeg-ship.</blockquote>		This City of Aden, together with the whole Country, was in the yeare of our Lord 1538. fraudulently surprised by the Turke, and their King hanged. It is now strongly fortified, and erected into a Stately Turkish Beglerbeg-ship.</blockquote>

			=== 1638. The merchants mappe of commerce wherein by Lewes Roberts. ===
			<blockquote>Of ARABIA and the Provinces thereof.

			ARABIA is bounded on the East with the Persian gulfe, on the West with the red Sea, on the North with [[Mesopotamia]] and [[Palaestina\|Palestina]], on the South with the Ocean; the Inhabitants are extreamly addicted to theft, this •…ade being found to be the best part of their maintenance, the •…ountry is divided into three parts, Arabia deserta, Petrosa, and Fe•…x. Arabia deserta is the place where the people of Israel wandred •…or fortie yeares under the command of Moses; the most eminent Citie of this Province is Bolsora, whereto by reason that it serveth •…or through-fare from Arabia to Aleppo, and Damascus, is found a Citie of great concourse of many Merchants, and which doth •…rincipally consist more upon the commodities brought hither •…rom other Countries, as of India, and other parts of Arabia, then of any found here to be transported into other Countries; the further trade thereof by reason of my ignorance I omit.

			This Country by reason of the theevish lives of the Inhabitants and the generall barrennesse and infertilitie thereof some Authours have observed in the course of their trade and merchandizing, that the sandy Deserts are the Seas of the Arabian Merchants, the wild arabs their pirats, and their Camells their shippes, usually carrying 600 li. for an ordinary burthen, and so we finde them to doe in the carriage of our goods and wares from Scanderone to Aleppo, and so backe againe, a Camells load being accounted ten Cloths Suffolke, which by statute weigh 640 li. which with the packing may be 700 li. or els two barrels or Chests of Tynne found to be incirca 600 li. and so in other commodities.

			In Arabia Petrosa I finde not any Citie of trading: Esion Gebor on the coasts of the red Sea, where Salomons Navie kept station before the setting out and at their returne from Ophir, was once a famous place, and of great traffique, though now it lies buried in its owne ruines.

			In Arabia faelix, Merchants should be better welcome were the Inhabitants so beneficiall to their traffique as their commodities might be made, for it is esteemed the richest and pleasantest part of all Arabia, and indeed of all Asia, abounding with Gold, pearles, Balsam, Myrrhe, Frankinsence, and many other precious drugges.

			Here is those two notably noted Townes of Medina and Mecha, the one the birth place, the other the burying place of Mahomet (who in his younger yeares was a Merchant, and in his elder a cunning impostor) where Christians are forbidden to enter, lea•… they should see (as some Authours alledge) the absurdities of the Mahumetane adoration of their great Prophets Sepulcher, whose bodie inclosed in an iron chest, is said by an Adamant to be drawne up to the roofe of the Temple where it hangeth; but herein many of them are and have beene for a long time deceived, for 〈◊〉 selfe and other Merchants that have for some terme of time resided in Turkie, and specially in Constantinople, know by experience that the grand Signior doth yearly send a Carpet or rather tombecloth of greene Velvet to cover the said Sepulcher, the old being then taken away and accounted the fees and vailes of their Priests and cleargie men that attend thereon, who cut the same into severall small pieces, and sell it to the superstitious at extreame rates for precious reliques; the Tombe it selfe being seated in a Temple built in Mecha, of no great magnificence or beautie, save the cost daily bestowed thereupon in Lampes of silver and gold, wherein is Balsam and other such rich odours, oyntments and oyles continually burned, and is seated on the firme ground and not in the ayre, is above is said, and inclosed within an iron grate, wherein some by favour are permitted to enter, from some of whom I have had this relation, and is by divers Turkes that I have knowne and that have seene it and reported it to be so, and no otherwise: this large circuit of ground hath not affoorded me much matter of trade worthy observation that hitherto hath come to my hands; the most pertinent and eminent places are Mocha, the Sea-port of the said Mecha above-named, and Adam, both on the red Sea; of the trade whereof a word, so farre forth as I have gathered, and then I will conclude.</blockquote>

	===1676. A most exact and accurate map of the whole world by Donald Lupton.===		===1676. A most exact and accurate map of the whole world by Donald Lupton.===

Admin: /* 1676. A most exact and accurate map of the whole world by Donald Lupton. */

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1676. A most exact and accurate map of the whole world by Donald Lupton.

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	<blockquote>XXII. Arabia		<blockquote>XXII. Arabia

	E. Chaldea, and Gulph of Persia, W. [[Palaestina\|Palestine]] and the Red Sea, N. Euphrates, S. Main Southern Ocean; the Language Arabick, which is the Language of most Mahumetan Countries, the Alcoran being Writ, and most of their offices performed in it.		E. [[Chaldea]], and Gulph of Persia, W. [[Palaestina\|Palestine]] and the Red Sea, N. Euphrates, S. Main Southern Ocean; the Language Arabick, which is the Language of most Mahumetan Countries, the Alcoran being Writ, and most of their offices performed in it.

	1. Hath in that Part called Arabia deserta, now Benoni, E. Babylonia, N. Mesopotamia, W. Palestina, S. Arabia foelix, Jobs Country, onely one remarkable place (being nothing but Rocks and Deserts) and that is Semischusach formerly called Saba, and some other Villages peopled by the civil Moors.		1. Hath in that Part called Arabia deserta, now Benoni, E. Babylonia, N. Mesopotamia, W. Palestina, S. Arabia foelix, Jobs Country, onely one remarkable place (being nothing but Rocks and Deserts) and that is Semischusach formerly called Saba, and some other Villages peopled by the civil Moors.

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	This City of Aden, together with the whole Country, was in the yeare of our Lord 1538. fraudulently surprised by the Turke, and their King hanged. It is now strongly fortified, and erected into a Stately Turkish Beglerbeg-ship.</blockquote>		This City of Aden, together with the whole Country, was in the yeare of our Lord 1538. fraudulently surprised by the Turke, and their King hanged. It is now strongly fortified, and erected into a Stately Turkish Beglerbeg-ship.</blockquote>

			===1676. A most exact and accurate map of the whole world by Donald Lupton.===
			<blockquote>XXII. Arabia

			E. Chaldea, and Gulph of Persia, W. [[Palaestina\|Palestine]] and the Red Sea, N. Euphrates, S. Main Southern Ocean; the Language Arabick, which is the Language of most Mahumetan Countries, the Alcoran being Writ, and most of their offices performed in it.

			1. Hath in that Part called Arabia deserta, now Benoni, E. Babylonia, N. Mesopotamia, W. Palestina, S. Arabia foelix, Jobs Country, onely one remarkable place (being nothing but Rocks and Deserts) and that is Semischusach formerly called Saba, and some other Villages peopled by the civil Moors.

			2. In the Rocky (Petrea) not travelled but in Carvans only by Merchants with their Camels, who bring their food with them, the wandring and Idle Inhabitants having nothing but Milk, Herbs, and Venison; Besides,

			# Mount Sinai, where there is a mesque of Turkish Pilgrims.
			# Horeb, now Orel, where is a Monastry of Greek Monks.
			# Hor. where is 1 Petra now Crat, neer Mount Hor. the treasury of Aegypt, and the Key to Palestine. 2 Bosra, now B•ssereth of good esteem. 3 Elama, on a Bay of the Red-sea, called Sinus Elanicus. 4 Berenice, or Ezion-Geber, the harbour for the ships going to Ophir. 5 Sur and Havilah on the Gulfs of Persia and Arabia, &c.

			3. In that portion of it called Arabia the happy, now Ailman, E. of [[Persia]], W. Arabian Gulf, S. Oceanabounding with Myrrh, Balsom, Frankincense, Gold and Precious Stones, with Corn, Cattels, Wines, quiet Roads and Harbours, besides medicinal waters, eminent for the Phaenix, and the Ostrich that digesteth Iron, are now upon the ruines of the old places mentioned by Ptolomy.

			# Egra neer Sinus Elaniticus on the Red Sea, or Algiar port-town to Medina, three dayes Journey from it.
			# Jatrib being between.
			# Medina Talnabi, ill and poorly seated, but rich by the confluence of Pilgrims that flock thither to Mahomets Tomb (and Temple where burn 3000 Lamps continually) inclosed in an Iron Grate, and covered with Velvet, sent thither yearly by [[The Turkish Empire\|the Grand Seignior]], the old Pall being cut into Relicks.
			# Cufa, the Counsel-place.
			# Mecca neer Medina the great Mart of the Commodities of Arabia, Persia and India, carried thence into all parts of the Turkish Empire, no Christian being permitted to come within five miles of it, it being unwalled, no water but rain: 6000 Families yearly visited with three Carvans of Pilgrims from India, Damascus, and Grand-Cair.
			# Zeden haven town to Mecca forty miles off, well built, and of great resort, but weak in a sand on the Red Sea.
			# Zebel, the Metropolis of the Country, neer the Red Sea, well-traded for Sugars, Spice and Fruits.
			# Eltor, the onely port Christians may Inhabit.
			# The welltraded, well fortified, and capacious haven of Aden on the entrance of the Red Sea, neer the Streights, called Babel-Mandel.
			# Oran, the Key of the Southern Ocean.
			# Zean, fifteen miles square.
			# Hor, a Garrison.
			# Muskahal on the Persian Gulf neer Cape Rezel Gate, opposite to Surat in the East Indies, well fortified by the [[Portugal\|Portugeez]].

			4. In the Islands,

			of the Red Sea, or the Sea of Edom, which are twelve not worth naming, they are so small and desolate, except

			# Dolaqua, one hundred and twenty miles long, and twelve broad, with a City of the name, where they gather Pearls.
			# Hot Camaran.
			# Red Xomou.

			Of the Southern Ocean from the East of Aethiopia to the Indies.

			# Tylus with Vines, Olives, and good materials for Shipping.
			# Bairen and Gonfiar, where we have the best Pearles in the World in beds of Oysters.
			</blockquote>

	===1682. Cosmography and geography in two parts by Richard Blome===		===1682. Cosmography and geography in two parts by Richard Blome===