Asia - Revision history

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1685. Geographia universalis: the present state of the whole world by Pierre Duval.

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	Sena in Margiana, the longitude 102. degrees 30. minuts, the latitude 42. degrees 20. minutes, and is neare East and by South 3430. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later by 5. howres 30. minutes, and the longest day is 15. howres 8. minutes.		Sena in Margiana, the longitude 102. degrees 30. minuts, the latitude 42. degrees 20. minutes, and is neare East and by South 3430. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later by 5. howres 30. minutes, and the longest day is 15. howres 8. minutes.

	Chomara in Bactriana, the longitude 106. degrees, the latitude 40. degrees, and is East and by South 3635. myles from London, and the moone changeth later by 5. howres 45. mynutes, and the longest day is 14. howres 50. minutes.		Chomara in [[Bactriana]], the longitude 106. degrees, the latitude 40. degrees, and is East and by South 3635. myles from London, and the moone changeth later by 5. howres 45. mynutes, and the longest day is 14. howres 50. minutes.

	Prepsa in Sogdiana, the longitude 130. degrees, the latitude 45. degrees, and is East and to the Southwardes 4389. myles from London, and the moone chaungeth later by 7. howres 20. minutes, and the longest daye is 15. howres 30. mynutes. &c.		Prepsa in [[Sogdiana, Region\|Sogdiana]], the longitude 130. degrees, the latitude 45. degrees, and is East and to the Southwardes 4389. myles from London, and the moone chaungeth later by 7. howres 20. minutes, and the longest daye is 15. howres 30. mynutes. &c.

	Aspabora in Scithia within the mount Emaus, the longitude 102. degrees, the latitude 44. degrees, and is East and by south 3311. myles from London, and the moone chaungeth later by 5. howres 28. minutes, and the longest day is 15. howres 20. mynutes.		Aspabora in Scithia within the mount Emaus, the longitude 102. degrees, the latitude 44. degrees, and is East and by south 3311. myles from London, and the moone chaungeth later by 5. howres 28. minutes, and the longest day is 15. howres 20. mynutes.
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	West Ciamfa in Chatay, the longitude 188. degrees, the latitude 37. degrees 15. minutes, and is East and by South 7205. myles from London, and the Moone changeth later then at London 11. howres 43. minutes, and the longest day is 14. howres 36. minutes.		West Ciamfa in Chatay, the longitude 188. degrees, the latitude 37. degrees 15. minutes, and is East and by South 7205. myles from London, and the Moone changeth later then at London 11. howres 43. minutes, and the longest day is 14. howres 36. minutes.

	Quinsay, the greatest Citie in the whole World, in Chatay, and vnderneth the Great Chaine Lord of the East and South Indians, the longitude 192. degrees, the latitude 37. degrees 40. minutes, and is East and by South 7272. myles from London, and the moone chaungeth later by 11. howres 28. minutes, and the longest daye is 14. howres 38. minutes. &c.		[[Quinsay]], the greatest Citie in the whole World, in Chatay, and vnderneth the Great Chaine Lord of the East and South Indians, the longitude 192. degrees, the latitude 37. degrees 40. minutes, and is East and by South 7272. myles from London, and the moone chaungeth later by 11. howres 28. minutes, and the longest daye is 14. howres 38. minutes. &c.

	Guiten in the East India, in the Prouince of China, the longitude 183. degrees, and is neare vnto the South Sea, the latitude 25. degrees 15. minutes, and is East and by South 7312. myles from London, and the moone chaungeth later then at London by 11. howres 12. minutes, and the longest day is 13. howres 35. minutes.		Guiten in the East India, in the Prouince of China, the longitude 183. degrees, and is neare vnto the South Sea, the latitude 25. degrees 15. minutes, and is East and by South 7312. myles from London, and the moone chaungeth later then at London by 11. howres 12. minutes, and the longest day is 13. howres 35. minutes.

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← Older revision		Revision as of 23:06, 27 September 2025
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	Rowes, or Canes; here they correspond by Pigeons, which they teach by carrying them with them in a Cage to coast any Country. 2 Ctesephon. 3 Sipparum, and its great Trench 4 Apamia. 5 Balsora, the port to Babylon at the fall of Euphrates to Sinus Persicus where the riches of Arabia, Persia, and some parts of India, are landed and carried to Babylon, and so by water to Aleppo		Rowes, or Canes; here they correspond by Pigeons, which they teach by carrying them with them in a Cage to coast any Country. 2 Ctesephon. 3 Sipparum, and its great Trench 4 Apamia. 5 Balsora, the port to Babylon at the fall of Euphrates to Sinus Persicus where the riches of Arabia, Persia, and some parts of India, are landed and carried to Babylon, and so by water to Aleppo

	XXIII. Assyria, E. Media, W. Mesopotamia. N. Turcomama, where Christianity was planted by St. Jude, and corrupted by the Nestorians; hath 1 Calach. 2 The fruitful, well-seated, and well-shaded Sittace. 3 Arbela, neer which they say Noah built the Ark. 4 Apollonia. 5 Geguamela. 6 Rhezen, which was once delivered up, because the Inhabitants were frighted with an Ecclips of the Son. 7 Mosul, the chief City of Assyria, raysed upon the Ruines of Nineveh, whereof there are hardly any foot-steps, and the seat of the Patriarch of the Nestorians, who call the Pope, the Reprobate Bishop. 8 Strong Arzeri and Scheheruzal.		XXIII. Assyria, E. [[Media]], W. Mesopotamia. N. Turcomama, where Christianity was planted by St. Jude, and corrupted by the Nestorians; hath 1 Calach. 2 The fruitful, well-seated, and well-shaded Sittace. 3 Arbela, neer which they say Noah built the Ark. 4 Apollonia. 5 Geguamela. 6 Rhezen, which was once delivered up, because the Inhabitants were frighted with an Ecclips of the Son. 7 Mosul, the chief City of Assyria, raysed upon the Ruines of Nineveh, whereof there are hardly any foot-steps, and the seat of the Patriarch of the Nestorians, who call the Pope, the Reprobate Bishop. 8 Strong Arzeri and Scheheruzal.

	XXIV.* 3.24 Mesopotamia, E. Tygris, W. Euphrates, N. Taurus, S. Chaldea, now Dearbech, where Christianity was preached by St. Thaddeus hath these remarkable places: 1 Strong Cologenbar. 2 Fair Edessa on the River Scyrtas neer Euphrates. 3 Nisibis. 4 Ʋr. 5 Haran. 6 Amida. (a strong frontier town against the Persians) now Caramit, or Kara Amida, i. e. black Amida. 7 Phalga and Seruts at the meeting of Caphoras with Euphrates. 8 Singara, on a River of the name well fortified. 9 Bezabde on the banks of Tygris; Virta and Merdix impregnable.		XXIV.* 3.24 [[Mesopotamia]], E. Tygris, W. Euphrates, N. Taurus, S. Chaldea, now Dearbech, where Christianity was preached by St. Thaddeus hath these remarkable places: 1 Strong Cologenbar. 2 Fair [[Edessa]] on the River Scyrtas neer Euphrates. 3 Nisibis. 4 Ʋr. 5 Haran. 6 Amida. (a strong frontier town against the Persians) now Caramit, or Kara Amida, i. e. black Amida. 7 Phalga and Seruts at the meeting of Caphoras with Euphrates. 8 Singara, on a River of the name well fortified. 9 Bezabde on the banks of Tygris; Virta and Merdix impregnable.

	XXV. Between Mesopotamia and Turcomania on Mount Taurus; is, 1 Moras, with its hot baths, and abundance of sulphur. 2 Larus Joon, between Omoal the last town of Hircania and Damoan, the first of Media.		XXV. Between Mesopotamia and Turcomania on Mount Taurus; is, 1 Moras, with its hot baths, and abundance of sulphur. 2 Larus Joon, between Omoal the last town of Hircania and Damoan, the first of Media.

	XXVI. Turcomania, N. Tartary, S. Mesopotamia and Assyria, W. Euxine Sea Cappadocia, and Armenia minor,		XXVI. Turcomania, N. Tartary, S. Mesopotamia and Assyria, W. Euxine Sea Cappadocia, and Armenia minor, E. Media and Caspean Sea hath

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	E. Media and Caspean Sea hath

	1 In that Port called* 3.25 Armenia major, equally composed of hills and dales, rich in Cattle and Fruits; famous for rich Tapestries, Grograines and watered Chamlets, which by a priviledge under Mahomets own hand above other Christians, they sell all over Turkey, using the Armenian Tongue, Christened by St. Bartholomew, are, first the Rivers, 1 Aruxes, runs from Armenia to the Caspian Sea; and 2 Cyrus. 3 Cambyses. 4 Euphrates, now Frat,* 3.26 a violent stream cut into Channels, least it should drown the Country. 5 A swift River, affording an easie passage in a few rafts, born up with Goat-skins, blown up with wind to Bagdat, running long under ground, in whose and Euphrates circlings lay Eden.		1 In that Port called* 3.25 Armenia major, equally composed of hills and dales, rich in Cattle and Fruits; famous for rich Tapestries, Grograines and watered Chamlets, which by a priviledge under Mahomets own hand above other Christians, they sell all over Turkey, using the Armenian Tongue, Christened by St. Bartholomew, are, first the Rivers, 1 Aruxes, runs from Armenia to the Caspian Sea; and 2 Cyrus. 3 Cambyses. 4 Euphrates, now Frat,* 3.26 a violent stream cut into Channels, least it should drown the Country. 5 A swift River, affording an easie passage in a few rafts, born up with Goat-skins, blown up with wind to Bagdat, running long under ground, in whose and Euphrates circlings lay Eden.
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	2. In Colchis famous for Vines and Gold (E. Iberia, W. Euxine Sea, N. Tartary, S. Armenia the greater) formerly, now the* 3.27 rude people Barter one Commodity for another, with a language of their own; besides the River Phasis navigable eighteen miles into the Country, whence came our Pheasants; was 1 the famous Mart Dioscurias, where the Romans kept 130 Interpreters to correspond with people of 300 Languages that traded there. 2 Phasis, on the same River, now Phassum, the residence of the Turkish Beglebergh. 3 Neapolis and Alvati.		2. In Colchis famous for Vines and Gold (E. Iberia, W. Euxine Sea, N. Tartary, S. Armenia the greater) formerly, now the* 3.27 rude people Barter one Commodity for another, with a language of their own; besides the River Phasis navigable eighteen miles into the Country, whence came our Pheasants; was 1 the famous Mart Dioscurias, where the Romans kept 130 Interpreters to correspond with people of 300 Languages that traded there. 2 Phasis, on the same River, now Phassum, the residence of the Turkish Beglebergh. 3 Neapolis and Alvati.

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	3. In Iberia, E. Albania, W. Colchis, N. Mountains Caucasus, called so from the River Iberus running through it, now Georgia, woody and fruitful; the people war-like, christened by Constantine the Great, and now divided between Mahumetanism and Jesuitisme, since 1614. is 1 Cremen. 2 Cachete. 3 Triala. 4 Altuncala, or the strong Golden Castle. And the impregnable Archichelech. 6 The large and well fortified* 3.28 Testis Lori, and Tomanis (rich in Corn, Cattle, and Fruits, with Forts commanding all passages.) 7 Glisca and Biscapar.		3. In Iberia, E. Albania, W. Colchis, N. Mountains Caucasus, called so from the River Iberus running through it, now Georgia, woody and fruitful; the people war-like, christened by Constantine the Great, and now divided between Mahumetanism and Jesuitisme, since 1614. is 1 Cremen. 2 Cachete. 3 Triala. 4 Altuncala, or the strong Golden Castle. And the impregnable Archichelech. 6 The large and well fortified* 3.28 Testis Lori, and Tomanis (rich in Corn, Cattle, and Fruits, with Forts commanding all passages.) 7 Glisca and Biscapar.

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	XXVII. Media, (E. Parthia and Hircania, W. Arm. major, and Assyria, N. Caspian Sea, Georgia. S. Persia, now Skeir-vun, i. e. Milky-plain, where it was a punishment for the Vulgar men to have less then seven Wives, and Women less then five Husbands; their bread of dryed Almonds, their meat wild flesh; on the North side plenty of Wines, Fruits, Cattle, especially horses on the South side; they poyson their Arrows with Oleum Mediacum, so that nothing can allay the heat of the wound but a little dust, converted by St. Thomas.) hath in it besides the River Canac, between it and Armenia major, and the Lake Argis, whose fish dryed by the wind and sun raise these People a great advantage.		XXVII. Media, (E. Parthia and Hircania, W. Arm. major, and Assyria, N. Caspian Sea, Georgia. S. Persia, now Skeir-vun, i. e. Milky-plain, where it was a punishment for the Vulgar men to have less then seven Wives, and Women less then five Husbands; their bread of dryed Almonds, their meat wild flesh; on the North side plenty of Wines, Fruits, Cattle, especially horses on the South side; they poyson their Arrows with Oleum Mediacum, so that nothing can allay the heat of the wound but a little dust, converted by St. Thomas.) hath in it besides the River Canac, between it and Armenia major, and the Lake Argis, whose fish dryed by the wind and sun raise these People a great advantage.

	1. In the inhospitable Atropatria between Taurus and the Caspian Sea, whither its thought the Jews Captived		1. In the inhospitable Atropatria between Taurus and the Caspian Sea, whither its thought the Jews Captived by Salmanasser, are placed 1 Bochu by the* 3.30 Caspian Sea. 2 Strong Eres possessed by the Turks, as an in-let to this Country. 2* 3.31 Shamaki between Eres and Derbent, notorious for a Pillar of Flint-stones, interwoven with the heads of Persian Noblemen set there barbarously in terrorem.

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	by Salmanasser, are placed 1 Bochu by the* 3.30 Caspian Sea. 2 Strong Eres possessed by the Turks, as an in-let to this Country. 2* 3.31 Shamaki between Eres and Derbent, notorious for a Pillar of Flint-stones, interwoven with the heads of Persian Noblemen set there barbarously in terrorem.

	2. In Media, especially so called, eminent for generous* 3.32 horses, fat Cattle, good Corn and Wine, and and excellent Water; was 1 Ruined Ecbatana as stately as Babylon, formerly out of whose rubbish, 2 Tauris was built now Baronta under the shadow of Mount O•ontes, a hundred and fifty miles from the Caspian Sea, opening S. towards a large and spacious Campagne, six miles round built of brick with flat Roofs and Battlements, as in all the East; well traded, and inhabited at least by 200000 persons, with a strong Citadel. 3 Caspin on the Ruines of Arsacia, very conveniently and pleasantly Scituated on a Riveret that serves for necessity and pleasure, but not for trade. 4 Rages. 5. Nasuana. 6 Ardoville. 7 Sultanives ruines and Mosches, environed alwayes with snowy Mountains. 8 The fair Market Tywan. 9 Turcoman. 10 Daman, i. e. a second Plantation at the foot of Taurus, where the Inhabitants think Noahs Ark rested.		2. In Media, especially so called, eminent for generous* 3.32 horses, fat Cattle, good Corn and Wine, and and excellent Water; was 1 Ruined Ecbatana as stately as Babylon, formerly out of whose rubbish, 2 Tauris was built now Baronta under the shadow of Mount O•ontes, a hundred and fifty miles from the Caspian Sea, opening S. towards a large and spacious Campagne, six miles round built of brick with flat Roofs and Battlements, as in all the East; well traded, and inhabited at least by 200000 persons, with a strong Citadel. 3 Caspin on the Ruines of Arsacia, very conveniently and pleasantly Scituated on a Riveret that serves for necessity and pleasure, but not for trade. 4 Rages. 5. Nasuana. 6 Ardoville. 7 Sultanives ruines and Mosches, environed alwayes with snowy Mountains. 8 The fair Market Tywan. 9 Turcoman. 10 Daman, i. e. a second Plantation at the foot of Taurus, where the Inhabitants think Noahs Ark rested.

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	=== 1635. Historia mundi: or Mercator's atlas. London. by Gerhard Mercator. ===		=== 1635. Historia mundi: or Mercator's atlas. London. by Gerhard Mercator. ===
	<blockquote>ASIA succeeds Africke in my division. This name was allotted it from the Nymph Asia (as Varro witnesseth) of whom and Iapetus Prometheus was borne: Others say it was so called either of Asius the sonne of Atys, or from Asius the Philosopher, who gave the Palladium of Troy to the custodie of the Citie, for which, that they might gratifie him, his whole dominions (which before was called Epirus) they called Asia. And from hence afterward, as from the more noble part, all the whole tract of Land began to bee called Asia. Moreover, as Lybia doth both signifie a third part of the World, and a part of this part: So it is observed, that Asia doth signifie both the whole Continent, and that part which is hem'd in with the [[Mount Taurus\|Mountaine Taurus]], wherein doe dwell the Lydians, the Carians, the Lycaonians, Paphlagonians, Ionians, Aeolians, and others; which part, for distinction sake, is commonly called Asia the Lesse: the Turkes call it Natolia. There is saith Varro, Lib. 4. an Asia which is distinguisht from Europe, in which is Syria: and there is an Asia which is called the former part of Asia, in which is Ionia, and our Province. But all Asia is called in the Holy Scriptures Semia. It is almost wholly situated in the Northerne part of the World from the Aequinoctiall Circle, to the 80<sup>th</sup> degree of Northerne Latitude, except some Ilands pertaining to Asia, some whereof are stretched out beyond the Aequator Southward. Hence arises a great difference through all Asia, in the length of the artificiall dayes. For in the last Parallel, which is drawne not farre from the Aequinoctiall, the longest day is almost twelve houres. About the middle of Asia, the longest day is fifteene houres, and in the most Northerne Parallel their light continually endureth almost for foure whole Moneths in Summer. According to the Longitude, Asia is stretched forth from the Meridian of 52. degrees, even to the Meridian of 196. according to some: but if we follow the description of Mercator, the most Westerne Meridian thereof passeth through the 57<sup>th</sup> degree neare to the furthest Westerne part of Asia the Lesse; and the most Easterne Meridian through the 178<sup>th</sup> degree. On the North it hath the Scythian Sea, on the South the Indian, on the East the Easterne Sea, on the West the Bay of Arabia, or the red Sea; the Mediterranean and Euxine Seas. And as in the higher part it cleaveth to Europe, so in the Southerne part it is joyned to Africke by an Isthmus: yet Pliny and Strabo with some others doe stretch out Asia even to Nilus, and doe reckon all Egypt to Asia. In Asia the face of the skie is both pleasant and wholesome, the Aire milde and temperate. Yet all Asia doth not feele this temperatenesse: for the right hand and left hand parts thereof are exceeding hot and cold. The pleasantnesse of this Country is so great, that it became a Proverbe: All the Land is so renowned both for the fertilitie of the fields, the varietie of fruits, and large pasturing of cattell, and for the abundant plenty of those things which are exported, that it doth easily excell all other Countries. Here is wonderfull plenty of Fruits, Spices, and Mettalls. Hence we receive Balsam, sweet Canes, Frankincense, Myrrhe, Cassia, Cinnamon, Gariophylus, Pepper, Saffron, sweet Woods, Rozine, Muske, and all kinde of precious stones. Here we may behold many different sorts of living Creatures. For it bringeth forth a number of Elephants, Camells, and many other living Creatures both tame and wilde: we may here also admire the wits, riches, and power of the Inhabitants. Here Man was first created by God; here was the first Seat of the Church of God; here Artes were first invented; here were Lawes first made; here the Doctrine of the Gospell first granted to miserable mortall men, with the hope of Salvation through Jesus Christ the Sonne of God. Here the confusion of Languages was sent downe amongst men, in the destruction of the Tower of Babel. Here first Dominion over inferiours began. Here Nimrod began to raigne, of whom we reade in Genesis. But the first Monarchs of the whole Country of Asia were the Assyrians, the last whereof was Sardanapalus, a man given to wantonnesse, and effeminate softnesse, who being found by Arbactus amongst a crew of whores, and not long after being overcome by him in battaile, hee made a great fire, and cast himselfe and his riches thereinto. Afterward the Empire came to the Persians: Among whom Xerxes the sonne of Darius did maintaine a warre, begun by his father, five yeares against Greece, and he brought out of Asia into Europe an army of ten hundred thousand men, and passed them over a bridge which he built over Hellespont: he came also accompanied with ten hundred thousand ships, but with a vaine endeavour; for he that durst threaten God, insult over the Sea, put fetters upon Neptune, darken the Heavens, levell Mountains, and shake the whole World, was faine, his army being put to flight, to passe over the narrow Sea in a fisher-boate, the Bridge being broken by the tempests of Winter. Darius was the last Persian Emperour, whose being conquered & overcome by Alexander, made way to the Monarchie of the Macedonians, for Alexander did first translate it out of Asia into Europe. All Asia, according to the severall government thereof, may thus be divided. The first part is under the Turkes command, the originall whereof is from Mahomet, and is a large Territory. The Duke of Moscovia doth possesse a second part, enclosed with the frozen Sea, the River Oby, the Lake Kitaia, and a Line drawne thence to the Caspian Sea, and to the Isthmus which is betweene this Sea and Pontus. The Great Cham Emperour of Tartarie doth possesse the third part, whose borders on the South are, the Caspian Sea, the River Iaxartes, and the Mountaine Imaus; on the East and North the Ocean: on the West the [[Russia\|Kingdome of Moscovia]]. The King of Persia, called the Sophie, hath the fourth. This hath on the West side the Turke; on the North the Tartarian, on the South it is washed with the Red Sea, but on the East with the River Indus. The fift part doth containe India, both on this side and beyond Ganges; which is not governed by one alone, but by many Rulers, for every Country thereof hath almost a severall Prince, some whereof are tributarie to the great Cham. The sixt part contayneth the large Kingdome of China. The seaventh containeth all the Islands scattered up and downe in the Indian and Easterne Sea. Among which are Tabrobana and Zetlan, the two Iava found out not long since by the Portugalls, Borneo, Celebes, Palohan, Mindanao, Gilolo, with the spice bearing Moluccoes, also Iapan, with Nova Guinea lastly found out; concerning which it is not yet known whether it be an Island, or joyned to the Southern Continent. But the Ancients, as Strabo and Arrianus, have made many divisions of it. Ptolomie doth divide it into 47. Countries and Provinces, the description whereof hee delivers in his fift, sixt, and seaventh Bookes of Geographic, and doth set them forth in twelve Tables. It hath three Cities famous through the whole World, Babylon, Ninivie, and Ierusalem. It hath great Lakes full of fish, and the Caspian Sea in manner of a Lake, which never commeth to the Ocean. Also many Rivers, among which the chiefest are Tigris, Euphrates, which Moses mentioneth in Genesis, Iordane, Indus, Ganges, &c. Here are also great and wonderfull Mountaines, among which is the Mountaine Taurus, which comming from the Easterne shoare, divides all Asia; on the right hand where it first riseth from the Indian Sea, it beareth Northwards: on the left hand, it is Southerne and bending toward the West, untill the Seas meet with it: as here the Phaenician, & the Ponticke. There the Caspian and Hyrcanian Seas, together with the Meoticke Lake; as if Nature on purpose had opposed it: But though this Mountaine bee shut as it were betweene these bounds, yet with many windings it runneth forth even as far as the neighbouring Cliffs of the Rhiphaean Mountains, being famous wheresoever it goeth; and knowne by many new names. At first it is called Imaus, and by and by Emodus, Paropanisius, Circius, Chambades, Pharphariades, Croates, Oreges, Oroandes, Niphates, and Taurus: where it doth as it were exceed it selfe Caucasus, where it spreadeth its armes as if it would embrace the Sea, Sarpedon, Coracesius, and Cragus, and againe Taurus. But where it openeth it selfe, it taketh its name from the Havens, which are sometimes called the Armenian, elsewhere the Caspian, and Cilician. The bredth of it in most places is three thousand furlongs, which is 5625. Italian miles: that is, from the Coast of Rhodes, even to the farthest bounds of China and Tartaria. But of these things enough. I passe now to the publicke workes, which have beene heretofore very stately and magnificent, and worthy to bee numbred among the seaven Miracles of the World. Amongst them the first were the walls of Babylon, which Semiramis built, or at least did repaire being ruinate, with brickes joyned and laid in a pitchy kind of mortar, they were two hundred foot high and fiftie broade, so that Chariots might meet thereon; they had three hundred Towers, and should have had more, but that in some parts the Marshes were insteed of walls. It is reported that for this so great a worke three hundred thousand workemen were employed. Herodotus reporteth, that the walls of Babylon were fiftie royall cubits thicke, and two hundred high, and round about there were placed in them a hundred brazen Gates. The second was the Temple of Diana of Ephesus, which was built by all Asia in two hundred and twenty yeares, as Histories doe testifie: And it was seated in a Moorish place, least it should be endangered by Earthquakes; And least they should place the foundation of so great a building upon unfirme ground, they strewed it over with coales trodden downe, and on it they laid fleeces of wooll. The length of the Temple was 425. feet, the breadth 220. The Pillars in it were an hundred and seaven and twenty, all made by severall Kings, of which 36. were carved: Ctesiphon was the overseer of the worke. There was also a Monument which Artemesia Queene of Caria did erect in memory of her deceased husband, which is to bee counted among the wonders of the World; it being 25. Cubits high, and compassed about with thirty Pillars: it was sixe and thirty foote wide Northward and Southward. Lastly, there was that magnificent Temple, which Salomon began to build in the fourth yeare of his raigne, not unfit to be reckoned with the seaven wonders of the World. First of all, thirty thousand men were set to cut trees, as Cedars and Cypresse in Lebanon: and there were fourescore thousand stone-cutters. The bredth of the Temple was twenty Cubits, the length sixtie, and the height an hundred and twenty. The matter of the nethermost building was of white stone: the largenesse of the Porch was ten Cubits, there were twenty secret chambers, passing one into another, and others placed under these. The beames were of Cedar, the roofes of Cedar guilded over, and the walls in like manner: The Sanctuary of the Holy place was distinguished from the body of the Temple with a wall, in which were carved gates, with drawing Curtaines enterwoven with many flowers and winding borders: besides two Cherubins of pure gold, the pavement under foot was beset with studdes of gold: the gates were twenty Cubits in height, and twelve in compasse. There was a brazen vessell of so great a bignesse, that it was fitly called the Sea; round about which stood twelve Calves, three together, and looking severally toward the foure corners of the World. This vessell did hold three thousand measures containing 72. Sextaries. There were also other figures, which it would be too long to rehearse. There was a brazen Altar of ten foot height, & double as much in length. Also one golden Table, and ten thousand golden Pots and Dishes, &c. But let these things suffice which have beene spoken of this part of the Word: I come now to America the fourth part of the World.</blockquote>		<blockquote>ASIA succeeds Africke in my division. This name was allotted it from the Nymph Asia (as Varro witnesseth) of whom and Iapetus Prometheus was borne: Others say it was so called either of Asius the sonne of Atys, or from Asius the Philosopher, who gave the Palladium of Troy to the custodie of the Citie, for which, that they might gratifie him, his whole dominions (which before was called Epirus) they called Asia. And from hence afterward, as from the more noble part, all the whole tract of Land began to bee called Asia. Moreover, as Lybia doth both signifie a third part of the World, and a part of this part: So it is observed, that Asia doth signifie both the whole Continent, and that part which is hem'd in with the [[Mount Taurus\|Mountaine Taurus]], wherein doe dwell the Lydians, the Carians, the Lycaonians, Paphlagonians, Ionians, Aeolians, and others; which part, for distinction sake, is commonly called Asia the Lesse: the Turkes call it Natolia. There is saith Varro, Lib. 4. an Asia which is distinguisht from Europe, in which is Syria: and there is an Asia which is called the former part of Asia, in which is Ionia, and our Province. But all Asia is called in the Holy Scriptures Semia. It is almost wholly situated in the Northerne part of the World from the Aequinoctiall Circle, to the 80<sup>th</sup> degree of Northerne Latitude, except some Ilands pertaining to Asia, some whereof are stretched out beyond the Aequator Southward. Hence arises a great difference through all Asia, in the length of the artificiall dayes. For in the last Parallel, which is drawne not farre from the Aequinoctiall, the longest day is almost twelve houres. About the middle of Asia, the longest day is fifteene houres, and in the most Northerne Parallel their light continually endureth almost for foure whole Moneths in Summer. According to the Longitude, Asia is stretched forth from the Meridian of 52. degrees, even to the Meridian of 196. according to some: but if we follow the description of Mercator, the most Westerne Meridian thereof passeth through the 57<sup>th</sup> degree neare to the furthest Westerne part of Asia the Lesse; and the most Easterne Meridian through the 178<sup>th</sup> degree. On the North it hath the Scythian Sea, on the South the Indian, on the East the Easterne Sea, on the West the Bay of Arabia, or the red Sea; the Mediterranean and Euxine Seas. And as in the higher part it cleaveth to Europe, so in the Southerne part it is joyned to Africke by an Isthmus: yet Pliny and Strabo with some others doe stretch out Asia even to Nilus, and doe reckon all Egypt to Asia. In Asia the face of the skie is both pleasant and wholesome, the Aire milde and temperate. Yet all Asia doth not feele this temperatenesse: for the right hand and left hand parts thereof are exceeding hot and cold. The pleasantnesse of this Country is so great, that it became a Proverbe: All the Land is so renowned both for the fertilitie of the fields, the varietie of fruits, and large pasturing of cattell, and for the abundant plenty of those things which are exported, that it doth easily excell all other Countries. Here is wonderfull plenty of Fruits, Spices, and Mettalls. Hence we receive Balsam, sweet Canes, Frankincense, Myrrhe, Cassia, Cinnamon, Gariophylus, Pepper, Saffron, sweet Woods, Rozine, Muske, and all kinde of precious stones. Here we may behold many different sorts of living Creatures. For it bringeth forth a number of Elephants, Camells, and many other living Creatures both tame and wilde: we may here also admire the wits, riches, and power of the Inhabitants. Here Man was first created by God; here was the first Seat of the Church of God; here Artes were first invented; here were Lawes first made; here the Doctrine of the Gospell first granted to miserable mortall men, with the hope of Salvation through Jesus Christ the Sonne of God. Here the confusion of Languages was sent downe amongst men, in the destruction of the Tower of Babel. Here first Dominion over inferiours began. Here Nimrod began to raigne, of whom we reade in Genesis. But the first Monarchs of the whole Country of Asia were the Assyrians, the last whereof was Sardanapalus, a man given to wantonnesse, and effeminate softnesse, who being found by Arbactus amongst a crew of whores, and not long after being overcome by him in battaile, hee made a great fire, and cast himselfe and his riches thereinto. Afterward the Empire came to the Persians: Among whom Xerxes the sonne of Darius did maintaine a warre, begun by his father, five yeares against Greece, and he brought out of Asia into Europe an army of ten hundred thousand men, and passed them over a bridge which he built over Hellespont: he came also accompanied with ten hundred thousand ships, but with a vaine endeavour; for he that durst threaten God, insult over the Sea, put fetters upon Neptune, darken the Heavens, levell Mountains, and shake the whole World, was faine, his army being put to flight, to passe over the narrow Sea in a fisher-boate, the Bridge being broken by the tempests of Winter. Darius was the last Persian Emperour, whose being conquered & overcome by Alexander, made way to the Monarchie of the Macedonians, for Alexander did first translate it out of Asia into Europe. All Asia, according to the severall government thereof, may thus be divided. The first part is under the Turkes command, the originall whereof is from Mahomet, and is a large Territory. The Duke of Moscovia doth possesse a second part, enclosed with the frozen Sea, the River Oby, the Lake Kitaia, and a Line drawne thence to the Caspian Sea, and to the Isthmus which is betweene this Sea and Pontus. The Great Cham Emperour of Tartarie doth possesse the third part, whose borders on the South are, the Caspian Sea, the River Iaxartes, and the Mountaine Imaus; on the East and North the Ocean: on the West the [[Russia\|Kingdome of Moscovia]]. The King of Persia, called the Sophie, hath the fourth. This hath on the West side the Turke; on the North the Tartarian, on the South it is washed with the Red Sea, but on the East with the River Indus. The fift part doth containe India, both on this side and beyond Ganges; which is not governed by one alone, but by many Rulers, for every Country thereof hath almost a severall Prince, some whereof are tributarie to the great Cham. The sixt part contayneth the large Kingdome of China. The seaventh containeth all the Islands scattered up and downe in the Indian and Easterne Sea. Among which are Tabrobana and Zetlan, the two Iava found out not long since by the Portugalls, Borneo, Celebes, Palohan, Mindanao, Gilolo, with the spice bearing Moluccoes, also Iapan, with Nova Guinea lastly found out; concerning which it is not yet known whether it be an Island, or joyned to the Southern Continent. But the Ancients, as Strabo and Arrianus, have made many divisions of it. Ptolomie doth divide it into 47. Countries and Provinces, the description whereof hee delivers in his fift, sixt, and seaventh Bookes of Geographic, and doth set them forth in twelve Tables. It hath three Cities famous through the whole World, Babylon, Ninivie, and Ierusalem. It hath great Lakes full of fish, and the Caspian Sea in manner of a Lake, which never commeth to the Ocean. Also many Rivers, among which the chiefest are [[Tigris]], Euphrates, which Moses mentioneth in Genesis, Iordane, Indus, Ganges, &c. Here are also great and wonderfull Mountaines, among which is the Mountaine Taurus, which comming from the Easterne shoare, divides all Asia; on the right hand where it first riseth from the Indian Sea, it beareth Northwards: on the left hand, it is Southerne and bending toward the West, untill the Seas meet with it: as here the Phaenician, & the Ponticke. There the Caspian and Hyrcanian Seas, together with the Meoticke Lake; as if Nature on purpose had opposed it: But though this Mountaine bee shut as it were betweene these bounds, yet with many windings it runneth forth even as far as the neighbouring Cliffs of the Rhiphaean Mountains, being famous wheresoever it goeth; and knowne by many new names. At first it is called Imaus, and by and by Emodus, Paropanisius, Circius, Chambades, Pharphariades, Croates, Oreges, Oroandes, Niphates, and Taurus: where it doth as it were exceed it selfe Caucasus, where it spreadeth its armes as if it would embrace the Sea, Sarpedon, Coracesius, and Cragus, and againe Taurus. But where it openeth it selfe, it taketh its name from the Havens, which are sometimes called the Armenian, elsewhere the Caspian, and Cilician. The bredth of it in most places is three thousand furlongs, which is 5625. Italian miles: that is, from the Coast of Rhodes, even to the farthest bounds of China and Tartaria. But of these things enough. I passe now to the publicke workes, which have beene heretofore very stately and magnificent, and worthy to bee numbred among the seaven Miracles of the World. Amongst them the first were the walls of Babylon, which Semiramis built, or at least did repaire being ruinate, with brickes joyned and laid in a pitchy kind of mortar, they were two hundred foot high and fiftie broade, so that Chariots might meet thereon; they had three hundred Towers, and should have had more, but that in some parts the Marshes were insteed of walls. It is reported that for this so great a worke three hundred thousand workemen were employed. Herodotus reporteth, that the walls of Babylon were fiftie royall cubits thicke, and two hundred high, and round about there were placed in them a hundred brazen Gates. The second was the Temple of Diana of Ephesus, which was built by all Asia in two hundred and twenty yeares, as Histories doe testifie: And it was seated in a Moorish place, least it should be endangered by Earthquakes; And least they should place the foundation of so great a building upon unfirme ground, they strewed it over with coales trodden downe, and on it they laid fleeces of wooll. The length of the Temple was 425. feet, the breadth 220. The Pillars in it were an hundred and seaven and twenty, all made by severall Kings, of which 36. were carved: Ctesiphon was the overseer of the worke. There was also a Monument which Artemesia Queene of Caria did erect in memory of her deceased husband, which is to bee counted among the wonders of the World; it being 25. Cubits high, and compassed about with thirty Pillars: it was sixe and thirty foote wide Northward and Southward. Lastly, there was that magnificent Temple, which Salomon began to build in the fourth yeare of his raigne, not unfit to be reckoned with the seaven wonders of the World. First of all, thirty thousand men were set to cut trees, as Cedars and Cypresse in Lebanon: and there were fourescore thousand stone-cutters. The bredth of the Temple was twenty Cubits, the length sixtie, and the height an hundred and twenty. The matter of the nethermost building was of white stone: the largenesse of the Porch was ten Cubits, there were twenty secret chambers, passing one into another, and others placed under these. The beames were of Cedar, the roofes of Cedar guilded over, and the walls in like manner: The Sanctuary of the Holy place was distinguished from the body of the Temple with a wall, in which were carved gates, with drawing Curtaines enterwoven with many flowers and winding borders: besides two Cherubins of pure gold, the pavement under foot was beset with studdes of gold: the gates were twenty Cubits in height, and twelve in compasse. There was a brazen vessell of so great a bignesse, that it was fitly called the Sea; round about which stood twelve Calves, three together, and looking severally toward the foure corners of the World. This vessell did hold three thousand measures containing 72. Sextaries. There were also other figures, which it would be too long to rehearse. There was a brazen Altar of ten foot height, & double as much in length. Also one golden Table, and ten thousand golden Pots and Dishes, &c. But let these things suffice which have beene spoken of this part of the Word: I come now to America the fourth part of the World.</blockquote>

	=== 1638. The merchants mappe of commerce wherein by Lewes Roberts. ===		=== 1638. The merchants mappe of commerce wherein by Lewes Roberts. ===