Austria - Revision history

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1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child.

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	There are other Princes in Germany of the Houses of Hesse, Meckleburg, Wirtenburg, Baden, Anhalt, Saxon-Lawenburg, &c▪ but I give an account only of the Electoral Houses, omitting the rest.</blockquote>		There are other Princes in Germany of the Houses of Hesse, Meckleburg, Wirtenburg, Baden, Anhalt, Saxon-Lawenburg, &c▪ but I give an account only of the Electoral Houses, omitting the rest.</blockquote>

			=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===
			<blockquote>Austria, a Region of [[Germany]], comprehending a part of Noricum, with some part of Pannonia, and part of Germany, bordering upon the Danube, bounded on the East by Hungary, on the West by Bavaria, on the North by Moravia, and on the South by Stiria. 'Tis divided into the Upper and Lower; the Upper beyond, the Lower on this side the Danube; Vienna is the Capital City. The Country is very fruitful, and has some Mines, especially of Sulphur. 'Twas first made a Marquisate by Otho I. afterwards made an Arch-Dukedom by Frederick Barbarossa, in 1136, and is the only one of that Title in the World. Of this House are lineally descended the Emperors of Germany.

			...

			The House of Austria.

			To omit the Opinion of Spanish Genealogists, whereof some fix the Original of the Austrian Family in one of the Graecians hid in the famous Trojan Horse, and others derive it from Noah's Ark: Let us examine their Testimony that offer nothing upon the ancientness of Families, but what they ground upon solid and incontestable proof. This Noble Family begun but in the 13th Century, and Charles V. is thought to have been of this opinion when he return'd this remarkable answer to a flattering Genealogist, That he made more Account of Vertue and Glory then of long Succession of Anc stors, that for want of good evident proof was and might well be contested. Nor do Authors agree concerning the Original of this Family, some pretend it to be derived from the Kings of Austrasia, some from the Counts of Altembourg, others hold Peter Frangipani an Italian withdrawing into Swisserland in 1130 or 35 during the Schism of Peter of Leon call'd Anacletus II. against Innocent II. had a Son by name Albert Frangipani, who built the Castle of Hapsburg, and was Grandfather of Rodolphus, acknowledged by all to be the first of the House of Austria, who being chosen Emperor at Francfort in 1273, neglected nothing to promote the interest of the Empire, and especially of his own Family. Ottocaire II. King of Bohemia had taken possession of Austria in right of his Wife, which he pretended was next Heiress to Frederic, who died in 1246 or 48 without Issue. Rodolphus maintain'd that it was a Fief-Male, and for that reason was to return to the Empire upon the default of Heirs Male, hereupon he takes Arms, and having kill'd the King of Bohemia in a Battle fought at Vienna in 1278, gave the Investiture of the Dutchy to his Son Albert, who chang'd the Title of Hapsburg for that of Austria; and his Successors to render it the most important Principality of Germany erected it into an Archdutchy, and were priviledg'd to create Counts, Barons, and Gentlemen throughout the Empire, and were not to be deposed nor call'd to an account on any pretence whatsoever. Stiria and Carinthia were also united to Austria. Rodolphus died in 1291, and had 7 Sons and 8 Daughters, whereof Albert I. and Rodolph II. only had Issue. Albert being Emperor was kill'd in 1308 by his Nephew the Son of Rodolphus. He left 6 Sons, Frederic the Fair, Rodolphe III. Leopold, Othon, Henry, Albert II. and 5 Daughters. Frederic was chosen Emperor in 1314, and died in 1329, his Children did not survive him any considerable time, his Brothers had also the same misfortune, whereupon Albert III. sirnamed the Wife and Dissembler, quitted his Ecclesiastical Benefices, and Married to continue the Family, and dying in 1358 left Rodolphus IV. who died without Issue, Albert III. Leopold II. and Frederic II. Albert died in 1395, leaving Albert IV. sirnamed the Wise or the Mathematician, who died in 1404, leaving Albert V. second Emperor of the name, who died in 1439, and in whose Sons George and Ladislaus ended the Race of Albert III. but the Family was preserved in the Posterity of Leopold II. Son of Albert II. This Leopold died in 1385, and left William the Ambitious, who died without Issue in 1405, Leopold III. sinam'd the Fat and Haughty, who died in 1411, Frederick the III. who died in 1440, from whom the Emperor Sigismond took the Castle of Hapsburg, and Ernest I. who after the death of his Brothers and Nephews quitted his Church-Living, as his Grandfather Albert had done, Married and left 5 Sons, whereof Frederick IV. the eldest was the first that took the Title of Archduke of Austria. He was chosen Emperor in 1440, and died in 1443, leaving many Children, who died Issueless, except Maximilian I. who having Married Mary of Burgundy, Daughter of Charles the Bold, the richest Heiress then in Europe, succeeded his Father in the Empire in 1493, and died in 1519, leaving Philip I. call'd the Fair, King of Spain, Archduke of Austria, &c. who in 1496 Married Jean of Arragon, Daughter and Heiress of Ferdinand V. sirnam'd the Catholick, King of Aragon, Granada, and Sicily, which new Alliance rais'd the House of Austria to that height which it has ever since appear'd in, and gave occasion to this Distique:

			Bella gerunt fortes, tu faelix Austria Nube,

			Nam quae Mars aliis, dat tibi regna Venus.

			Philip I. died in 1506, leaving two Sons, Charles V. and Ferdinand, who were both Emperors, and made the Division of the two Branches of the House of Austria. Charles V. rais'd the Grandeur of this Family to the highest period: He was born at Gant in 1500, and being King of Spain, Aragon, and Sicily, was chosen Emperor in 1519; He died in 1558, having given the Crown 3 years before to his Son Philip II. who govern'd 42 years, and died in 1598, He had four Wives, Mary of Portugal, Mary of England, Isabell of France, and Anne of Austria, by which last he had Philip III. who died in 1621. This Prince had 4 Sons and 3 Daughters, Philip IV. Charles who died without Issue, Ferdinand Cardinal, and Alphonsus who died young, the eldest Daughter was Married to Lewis the XIII of France. Philip IV. died in 1665, he was Married to Elizabeth of France, by whom he had Mary Terese of Austria Married to Lewis XIV, and by his second Wife Mary Anne of Austria, Daughter of Ferdinand III. and Sister to the Emperor Leopold, he had 3 Sons that died young. Charles the II. the present King of Spain born the 6th of November 1661, and Margaret Mary Ter•se Married to the same Leopold in 1663, and died 1673. The famous Don John of Austria who was born in 1629, and died at Madrid in 1679, was Philip the IVth's Natural Son.

			...

			The House of Austria in Germany.

			Ferdinand, first Emperor of this name, and first of this Branch of Germany, was the second Son of Philip I. and Brother to Charles V. who generously resigned him all his Possessions in Germany in 1520, made him be chosen King of the Romans that same year, and settled him in the Empire in 1556. This Ferdinand was also King of Hungary and Bohemia in right of his Wife, Daughter of Ladislaus VI. King of Hungary, he died in 1564, and had 4 Sons and 2 Daughters. All the Hereditary Estate of the House fell to his youngest Son Charles II. who also had 15 Children. Ferdinand II. his Son was adopted by the Emperor Matthias in 1617. and Crown'd Emperor in 1629; he died in 1637, and was succeeded by his Son Ferdinand III. who died in 1659; he was thrice Married, and left many Children, as Leopold the present Emperor, Eleanor Mary, first Married to Michel Koribut Weisnowiski K. of Poland, and after his death to Charles IV. Duke of Lorrain in 1678. Mary Anne Wife of Philip the IV. and Mother to Charles II. the present King of Spain, &c. Leopold I. call'd Leopold Ignace-Francis-Balthasar-Joseph-Felici•n was born the 19th of June 1641, chosen Emperor in 1658, Married Margaret Mary Therese Daughter of Philip IV. of Spain in 1666, by whom he had a Son that died young, and a Daughter; This Empress dying in 1673, he Married Claude of Inspruck, and this dying in 1676, took for his 3d Wife Anne Mary Joseph of Neubourg, born in 1655, by whom he has Joseph-Jacob-John-Ignace-Eustace, born in 1678, and several other Children. Guilliman Hist. Arch. Aust. Nicolas Bellus, Welfangus Kazius de Aust. Bersius l. 2. rerum. german. Froissard. Philip. Comines. Spenner, &c.</blockquote>

	=== 1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child. ===		=== 1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child. ===

Admin: /* 1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child. */

2025-04-06T15:30:16Z

1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child.

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Admin at 05:49, 31 January 2025

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Admin: Created page with " ==Etymology and other names== ==History== ==Geography== ==Demographics== ==Economy== ==Culture== ==Government== ==Military== ==Education== ==Transportation== ==Notable People== ==Sources from old books== ===1635. Historia mundi: or Mercator's atlas. London. by Gerhard Mercator.===
THE ARCHDVKEDOME OF AVSTRIA. The third Circle of the Empire is AUSTRIA, in which there are two Orders. (Book Austria) THe next that followeth in our method is Austria, called here..."

2024-12-22T02:21:39Z

Created page with " ==Etymology and other names== ==History== ==Geography== ==Demographics== ==Economy== ==Culture== ==Government== ==Military== ==Education== ==Transportation== ==Notable People== ==Sources from old books== ===1635. Historia mundi: or Mercator's atlas. London. by Gerhard Mercator.=== <blockquote>THE ARCHDVKEDOME OF AVSTRIA. The third Circle of the Empire is AUSTRIA, in which there are two Orders. (Book Austria) THe next that followeth in our method is Austria, called here..."

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==Etymology and other names==
==History==
==Geography==
==Demographics==
==Economy==
==Culture==
==Government==
==Military==
==Education==
==Transportation==
==Notable People==
==Sources from old books==
===1635. Historia mundi: or Mercator's atlas. London. by Gerhard Mercator.===
<blockquote>THE ARCHDVKEDOME OF AVSTRIA. The third Circle of the Empire is AUSTRIA, in which there are two Orders. (Book Austria)

THe next that followeth in our method is Austria, called heretofore Pannonia the higher. The name of Austria, as Wolfgangus Lazius witnesseth, is but of late time, being called so either from the South wind, which is frequent in that Country, or from the Germane word Oostreich, for so the Frenchmen called the Easterne bounds of their Kingdome, as they call'd the Westerne bounds Westretch. But that which the Frenchmen called Oostreich was situated by the Rhene, and called afterward Austrasia, which name having lost, they call'd it Pannonia, as Lazius testifieth. Lib. 1. Cap. 11. Comment. Gent. Aust. Moreover the Austrians are descended from the Frenchmen and Saxones, who by the sword got this Country from the Hungarians. Austria hath on the East Hungaria: on the South the Mountaines of Styria, which doe runne out with one continued Bridge from the Alpes into Hungary, and other Countries beyond it: it hath on the East Bavaria, and on the North the Rivers Tejus and Moravia. It hath a milde pleasant ayre, and wholesome in regard that the East winde doth purifie it. The soyle is very fruitfull, and not chargable in tilling. For the Husbandman, in that part which is called Campus Transdanubianus, or the Fields beyond Danubius, will plough the ground with one poore leane Horse. The Austrians doe not know what Marle is, with which the barren leane Fields in Bavaria are manured. All the Country hath excellent Wine, which is purer then the Germane wine, and weaker then the Spanish wine, which it doth transport to Moravia, Bohemia, Silesia, and Bavaria. Besides it hath excellent good Saffron. It hath also abundance of Silver, but no Gold; it hath Salt also, which is partly made at home, & partly imported and brought in from other parts. The Earles of Babenberg did sometime governe Austria, the first was Lupold, whom the Emperour Otto the second created Marquesse of Austria; whose Line being extinct, Rudolphus of Habspurg, who was elected Emperour in the yeere 128•. did governe it, and made it a Dukedome. And Frederick the second made it a Kingdome. The armes of this Country were heretofore five golden Larkes painted in a Sky-colour Field: but the Marquesse Lupold the V. had new Armes given him by the Empire, which were set forth in white and red colours, because his Buckle• was so bloody in the Battaile against Ptolomies, that it was all bloody even to the bend which went crosse the Scutchion Moreover Austria is devided into the higher and the lower, the latter whereof is situate beyond Danubius, and the former on this side. It hath also the Dukedome of Styria, which lyeth betweene the Rivers Danubius, Muer, and Mietz, the Inhabitants whereof doe partly use the Germane speech, and partly the Sclavonian. It hath also the Dukedome of Carinthia, which is situate betweene the Rivers Muer and Draicus: and also Carmina Southward. The chiefe Citty of Austria is Vienna, which the Sarmatians and Windians did inhabit, before the birth of our Saviour Christ, after whom there succeeded the Boijans, Senonians, and others, whom Tiberius Nero did reduce into a Province: Antoninus calleth it in his Itinerarie Vindebona, and Ptolemy calls it Iuliobona, and both of them doe place the tenth Germane Legion there, for many ancient Monuments, both within and without the Citty doe witnesse that it was seated in that place. To this Legion from the Colour or Ensigne belonging to it, the name of a Larke was given: whence it seemes that the Marquesse of Austria had their Armes at the first, which are five Larkes. And Otto of Frisingen, Lib. 1. Histor. Frid. cap. 32. calleth it Faviana. For he saith, Dux iunc demum terga hosti dare compellitur, & periculis belli exemptus in Vicinum opidum Viennis, quod olim à Romanis inhabitatum Fabiana Dicebatur, declinavit. That is, The Duke was put to flight by the enemy, and was faine to retire to the Towne Vienna, which when the Romanes did heretofore inhabit it was called Fabiana. You may read the like in the History of Severinus Bishop of Vienna. Lazius saith that Strabo calleth it Vendum. Iornandes calleth it the Citty Pannonia: and in the Sclavonian language it is called Wien Wydme. Ortelius writeth that hee learned out of D. Carolus Rimius, who was sometime Orator to Zelimus the great Turke, that the Turkes doe call this Citty Betz. Leunclavius calleth it Wetsch, and Beetz: It is a faire Citty situate by the River Danubius, and encompassed with a strong wall, so that Vienna is a well fortified and a strong Bulwarke against the Turkes. The Suburbs are great, and large. The Citizens have faire magnificent Houses, which are adorned with Pictures, and strongly built. There are many great faire Churches built of Free-stone, and arched with divers Pillars. Their Wine-cellers are so deepe and large, that they have as much building under the ground as they have above ground. Their streets are paved with hard stone, so that Cart-wheeles cannot weare them. It hath great store of Corne and Wine, so that in the time of Vintage for 40. dayes together they doe use 1200. Horses to carry Corne and Wine in Carts. It received the Christian Religion in the yeere 466. by the preaching and instruction of Severinus, who built two Churches there. The History of this Citty may be found in Lazius, and Otto of Friburg. Frederick the second did adorne, and enlarge this Citty, as also all the other following Dukes of Austria. The Emperour Frederick did erect there an University for all Arts and Sciences, which was afterward renewed by Albert Archduke of Austria, in the yeere 1356. But afterward through sedition it was ruinated. These were famous men in Vienna, namely Wolfgangus, Lazius, Medius, an Historian to the Emperour Ferdinand: also Iulius Alexandrinus, Mathias Farinator, also Iohn Haselbach was Professor of Divinity in the University of Vienna, who was so large in the explanation of that which hee propounded to his audience, that he preached twenty yeeres out of the Prophet Esaiah, and yet hee was not come to the end of the first Chapter. This Citty is famous for the Citizens valiant holding out against the Turkes siege, in the yeere 1529. in which 80000. Turkes were slaine. There is also in higher Austria Gmunda, which is no great Towne, but yet very neat and pleasant, situated by a Lake which is called from thence the Lake Gmunda, out of which Dravus a River of Austria riseth. At Gmunda there is great store of Salt, which is digged out of the neighbouring Mountaines, and so being brought to Gmunda in little Vessels (which in their Country speech they call Kivelin) it is transported by the River Dravus unto Danubius, and so from Vienna it is transported to other Citties of Austria, Hungaria, Stiria, and Carinthia, to the great gaine and commodity of the Gmundians. It is watered also with many Rivers; the chiefe whereof is Danubius, which was heretofore the limmiting bounds of the Country, but now it cutteth thorow the middle of it. The other Rivers are Athosinus, Genus, or Onasus, Tranus, Traunus, and Erlaphus, which ariseth out of a pleasant Lake, by the River Cella famous for the Church of the Virgin Mother: there are also the Rivers Traisius, Ypsius, Melicus, Marchia, and Tejus, which devideth Moravia from Austria, also Cambus which is full of divers kindes of Fish, and Leytha: also Suegadus, in which there are excellent Crabs, and others. It hath many Mountaines, the chiefe whereof are the Mountaine Cecius, commonly called Calenberg, which extendeth from Danubius even to the River Dravus, the parts of it are Schneberg, Semering, Kemperg, Hertperg, Deusperg, Heusterg, Plaitz: Also Cognanus now called der Haimburgerperg, which reacheth from Danubius to Arabon. It hath also some woods which are parts and pieces of the wood Hercinia, and the Moones Wood: And they are now called der Freyste••er und Kon•gwiserwaldt. But let us proceede to other matters. In the Citie of Vienna, twelve Magistrates doe dayly sit in Iudgement. Of which foure are of the Clergie, the Officiall of the Bishop of Patavia, the Officiall of the Bishop of Vienna, the Deane of the Cathedrall Church, and the Rector or governour of the Vniversity. There are also foure Citizens, and foure out of the Citty. The chiefe whereof are these whom they call Regimentum, where all lower Austria doe bring their suits and causes to tryall, and they call the Court the Exchequer, whether all the accompts of the Province are brought. The rest are subject unto them, and causes are removed and brought from them to the higher, the Senate of the Province does appeale to the ordinary of the Province, the Senate of the Citie with the Consull doth appeale to the Citie Praetor, the Iudgement of Custome, and the Merchants Praetor, which they call the Landgrave, concerning which matter Wolfgangus Lazius, of Vienna doth discourse at large in his Vienna. Austria is the third Circle of the Empire, in which there are two Orders. In the first there are the Clergie, as the Bishops of Trent, of Brixen, of Goricen, of Segovia, of Labachia, of Vienna, Teutsch Ordens Meister, Ordens Maister in Eischtall. In the second are the secular Princes, as the Archduke of Austria, Count Schaumberg, the Barren of Wolkenstain, the Lord Senster, the Lord Roggendorff, Count Hardkeck. And besides the Princes of the Empire, there are in Austria, the Counts of Thurn, Crentz, Ortenburg, Perneck, Garb, Freyhern, Landskron, Wanberg, Hohen, Osterwitz, Newberg, Guetenhag, Teuffe•bach, Maiyhofen, Awersperg, Dorneck, Saraw, Hattenstain, Schwartzenaw, Tu•nstai•, Wachanthall, Hoffkirchen, Eytzing. The Lordships also are Aichelperg, Liechtenstain, Puchaim, Luetkurt, Porges, Schonkirchen, Shifftenberg, Altensperg, Hornstein, and Seibersdorff.</blockquote>