Denmark - Revision history

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Admin: /* 1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child. */

2025-04-06T15:13:50Z

1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child.

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:13, 6 April 2025
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	Archbishopricks 2. Bishopricks 13. Universities 2.</blockquote>		Archbishopricks 2. Bishopricks 13. Universities 2.</blockquote>

			=== 1694. The present state of the universe by John Beaumont. ===
			<blockquote>The House of Denmark. (Book Denmark)

			1. THE Danes have had their peculiar Kings for many Ages past, whom Historians generally distinguish by eight Periods. The seventh of these Periods was that of the Suenonidae, or English Danes, so call'd from Sueno, or Swaine Ethrick. This Family ended An. 1448, upon the death of the last of them without Issue. And the Danes elected Adolph, Earl of Holstein for their King; but he modestly declin'd it, and earnestly recommended to their Choice, Christian, Count Oldenburg, his Sisters Son; who was thereupon elected, and Crown'd King by the unanimous consent of all the Nobility. As for the Original of the Family of Oldenburg, its too far buried in Antiquity, for Historians to clear it; however they say that toward the end of the tenth Century, one Otho was Earl of Oldenburg, who had a certain wonderful Horn given him by a Spirit, or Apparition, which is to be seen to this day in the Castle of Oldenburg. Of this Family the present King of Denmark is descended, tho the Monarchy continued Elective, till the time of his Father Frederick the Third, who was elected King of Denmark and Norway, An. 1648. in whose Reign the Constitution of the Government was altered, and the Monarchy was made Hereditary.

			Christian the Fifth, of the House of Oldenburg, present King of Denmark, Norway, the Vandals, Goths, &c. was born Apr. 18. 1646. Own'd Heir of the Crown of Denmark, Jun. 12. 1650. ascended the Throne after the death of his Father, which happened Feb. 19. 1670. Crown'd at Fredericksburg, June 17. 1671. He espous'd, May 18. 1667. Charlotta-Amalia, Daughter to William the Sixth, Landtgrave of Hesse: she having been born, Apr. 27. 1650. He has Issue by her living;

			* 1. Frederick, born Oct. 21. 1671.
			* 2. Christian, born Oct. 18. or March 25. 1675.
			* 3. Sophia-Hedewig, born Aug. 28. 1677.
			* 4. Christiana-Charlotta, born Jan. 18. or 28. 1674.
			* 5. Charles, born Oct. 25. 1680. or 82.
			* 6. William, born 1684.

			The King of Denmark has but one Brother, viz. Prince George, of whom see in England.

			His Sisters are as follows.

			* 1. Anna-Sophia, married to the Elector of Saxony, of whom see in Saxony.
			* 2. Frederica Amalia, born 1648. and married An. 1667. to Christian-Albert Duke of Sleswick, or Gottorp, who was born Feb. 3. 1641.
			* 3. Wilhelmina-Ernestina, born 1650. the now Relict of Charles, late Elector Palatine.
			* 4. Ulrica-Eleanora, born 1656, and married to Charles the Eleventh, the present King of Sueden, May 16. 1680.

			Note, That King Frederick the Third, beside these Children, left a Natural Son, Ubrick-Frederick, Count of Guldenlow, the now Governour of Norway, who by a certain Noble Lady, is Father of Woldemar, Baron of Lowenthal, a Colonel in the Danish Forces. Afterwards he took to Wife Antonia-Augusta, Daughter to Anthony, Count Oldenburg, An. 1677. by whom he has many Children, and among the rest Fredericus-Christianus.

			The present King of Denmark has also several Natural Children by the Countess of Samsee.

			To give an account of the chief Princes of the several Branches of the Royal House of Denmark; you must note that they are divided into two Capital Lines, viz. The Dukal Line of Holstein, and the Dukal Line of Sleswick, or Gottorp.

			As for the Ducal Line of Holstein,, John, Brother to Frederick the Second, King of Denmark, and Son to King Christian the Third who came to the Crown, ann. 1537, was the first Progenitor of it: who being twice married, became the Father of a numerous Issue, which spread it self into the four Branches of Sunderburg, Norburg, Glucksburg and Ploen.

			The present Duke of Holstein in Sunderburg, is Christian Adolph, born ann. 1641, and now lives at Frantzhagen, in Sax-Lawenburg (which was his Wive's Portion) together with his Son, Prince Leopold Christian, born 1678. There are of this Branch besides, seventeen Princes alive.

			The present Duke of Norburg is Christian-Augustus, born 1639.

			The present Duke of Glucksburg, is Christianus, born 1627, who lives in the Castle of Glucksburg, with his three Sons, Philip-Ernestus, born 1673. Joachim-Adolph, born 1679, and Christian-Augustus, born 1681.

			The present Duke of Ploen is Joannes Adolphus, born 1634, and married ann. 1674 to Dorothea Sophia, eldest Daughter to Rudolphus-Augustus, Duke of Wolfembuttel, who was born Jan. 28. 1653. He has Issue by her two Sons living, viz. Adolphus-Augustus, born 1680, and Joannes-Ulricus, born 1684. His youngest Brother Joachimus Ernestus, born 1637, is General of the Spanish Horse in the Netherlands.

			As for the Ducal Line of Sleswick, or Gottorp, the Author of it was Adolphus, youngest Son to King Frederick the First, born ann. 1526. The present Duke is Christian-Albert, born Feb. 3. 1641; and married 1667 to Frederica Amalia, second Sister to the present King of Denmark, who was born 1648 He has Issue by her.

			* 1. Sophia-Amalia, born 1670.
			* 2. Frederick born 1671.
			* 3. Christianus-Augustus, born 1673.
			* 4. Maria-Elizabetha, born 1678.

			II. The Shield of the Kings of Denmark, is charged with many Marks of Possessions, Pretensions, and Alliances. He bears party of three, and Coupé of two, which make twelve Quarters. In the first Or, Semé of Hearts Gules, with three Lions passantguardant, placed one over the other, Azure, crowned, langued, and arm'd of the first, which belongs to Denmark. 2. Gules, a Lion Rampant, crowned and armed Or, holding a Battle-Ax Argent, hilted of the second, for the Kingdom of Norway. 3. Gules, a Lion passant-guardant, Or, on nine Hearts of the same, in Fesse, for Gothland. 4. Gules, a Dragon crown'd Or, for Schonen. 5. Azure, three Crowns Or, for Sweden. 6. Gules, a Paschal Lamb, Argent, supporting a little Flag of the same, marked with a Cross, Gules, for Gutland. 7. Or, two Lions passantguardant, Azure, for Sleswick. 8. Gules, a Fish crown'd Argent for Iceland. On these eight Quarters is a great Cross Argent, which is the ancient Devise of the Kingdom, since the Conversion of these People to the Faith of Christ. On the Center of this Cross are placed the Arms of Dithmarsh, which are Gules, a Cavalier arm'd Argent. In the ninth great Quarter, Gules, a Nettle Leaf spread at breadth, and charged in the midst with a little Escutcheon, the whole Argent, for Holstein. 10. Gules, a Swan Argent gorged with a Crown Or, for Stormaria. 11. Gules, two Fesses Or, for Delmenhorst. 12. Gules, a Cross Pattee and Argent, and Fitchee at the Foot, for Oldenburg.

			This Shield is environed with a Collar of the Order of the Elephant, and bears for Crest a Crown flowered, raised with eight Diadems, which terminate in a Mond Or. The Motto to his Devise, on the Reverse of his Medals, is, Pietas & Justitia coronant. His Livery is of a Red Colour. He professes the Protestant Religion according to the Doctrine of Luther, and uses the Danish Language, which is a Dialect of the High-Dutch.

			III. Haffen, or Hafnia, by the Dutch called Copenhagen, or the Haven of Merchants, seated near the Sea, in Seland, the greatest Island of the Baltick, lying near the main Land of Scaudia, is the chief City of Denmark, and one of the best Ports, and most frequented of the Northern Seas. Its of an orbicular form, the Houses, for the most part, built of Clay and Timber, tho there are many beautiful Edifices among them: its commended for a spacious Market-place, and has in it a Palace-Royal, built of Free-stone, in form of a Quadrangle, but of no great Beauty or Magnificence. Some say it to be near as large as Amsterdam, but not so full of Inhabitants.

			Near Elsenore, a Village much frequented by Seamen, as their Ships pass by the Sound, is seated the strong and magnificent Castle of Cronenburg, built with incredible Charge and Pains by King Frederick the Second: the Foundation of it being laid on huge Stones sunk into the Sea, and so fastened together, that no Storm or Tempest, how violent soever, is able to shake it; well fortified, as well as founded, and mix'd of a Palace and a Fort, being since the first building of it, the most constant Residence of the Kings of Denmark; who from hence may easily discern each Ship which sails through the Sound. By the Commodity of this and the opposite Castle, the King secures his Customs, and greatly strengthens his Estate; the Castles being so near, and the Streight so narrow, that by the addition of some few Ships, he may keep the greatest Navy that is from passing by him.

			A little South of the Castle of Cronenburg, is an Island called Ween, a Dutch mile in length, but not quite so broad: it was given by King Frederick the Second to the famous Astronomer Tycho-Brahe, that living retired from all but his own Family, he might, with more conveniency attend his Books There is in this Island the Castle Uranopolis, or Urenburg, where the greatest part of his Mathematical Instruments are preserved in safety.

			The said King Frederick the Second, built also for a place of Pleasure, Fredericksburg, among Woods of Beech trees, where the King has a fine House and a little Park.

			In this Kingdom are the Knights of St. Mary, or of the Order of the Elephant, instituted by King Frederick the Second. As in England, the Knights of the Garter: in France, the Knights of the Holy Ghost: in Spain, the Knights of the Golden Fleece: in Portugal, the Knights of the Sancta Crusada: in Tuscany, those of St. Stephen: in Poland, the Knights of the White Eagle, &c.

			This King has a Throne made all of Sea-Unicorns Horns.

			Dronthein, seated on the River Nider, is the chief Town of the Kingdom of Norway. The Cathedral Church there is the largest of any in those Northern Countries. The Viceroy of Norway ordinarily resides at Bergen.

			The Revenues of the King consists in Imposts laid on Ships, which pass through the Sound; of which he is said to take one per Cent. on the Merchandises. Sometimes there pass three hundred Vessels in a day, from several Ports through this Streight, which makes the Tribute considerable. He has also a Revenue of Crown-Lands, and a great yearly Toll, made of the Cattle which pass into Germany; as also of the Fish, transported into other Countries; yet its conceived, that the Treasures of this King are not very great; partly because there is no other important Commodity but Fish, to draw Merchants thither, and partly, that there is not any one Town of any great Traffick in all his Realms for the entertaining of Commerce.</blockquote>

	===1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child. ===		===1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child. ===

Admin: /* 1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child. */

2025-03-23T19:22:34Z

1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child.

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:22, 23 March 2025
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	To conclude, the Trade of Denmark driven by the Inhabitants, is not great, their Country partly not affording Commodities for Merchandize; and their Seas, I mean principally the Baltick, not being for many Months in the year navigable for Frost. The Inhabitants are frugal in Food and Apparel, and therefore not much addicted either to Silks or Spices, and the great Traffick and Concourse of other Nations through the Sound, that furnisheth them with all Necessaries, makes the Inhabitants less desirous to sail abroad to fetch the same at the first hand. Stock-fish, and other Salted Fish they send into forein Countries, and so also they do their Oxen and Cattel in great Quantity, besides the Commodities which the Country doth naturally afford, mentioned in the former part of this Country's Description; neither have I heard any great fame of their Navigations or Mariners which principally sail Northward, and little to the Southward, tho otherwise it is conceived that next to the English their Vessels are the strongest built to indure the Blasts of the colder Climates, and the Scorchings of the warmer Regions; yet of late days I have understood they have undertaken some new Discoveries and Trade to the East-Indies, which they have since fully performed, to the great Encouragement of such as shall follow them.</blockquote>		To conclude, the Trade of Denmark driven by the Inhabitants, is not great, their Country partly not affording Commodities for Merchandize; and their Seas, I mean principally the Baltick, not being for many Months in the year navigable for Frost. The Inhabitants are frugal in Food and Apparel, and therefore not much addicted either to Silks or Spices, and the great Traffick and Concourse of other Nations through the Sound, that furnisheth them with all Necessaries, makes the Inhabitants less desirous to sail abroad to fetch the same at the first hand. Stock-fish, and other Salted Fish they send into forein Countries, and so also they do their Oxen and Cattel in great Quantity, besides the Commodities which the Country doth naturally afford, mentioned in the former part of this Country's Description; neither have I heard any great fame of their Navigations or Mariners which principally sail Northward, and little to the Southward, tho otherwise it is conceived that next to the English their Vessels are the strongest built to indure the Blasts of the colder Climates, and the Scorchings of the warmer Regions; yet of late days I have understood they have undertaken some new Discoveries and Trade to the East-Indies, which they have since fully performed, to the great Encouragement of such as shall follow them.</blockquote>

			=== 1691. A most compleat compendium of geography by Laurence Echard. ===
			<blockquote>THE Kingdom of Denmark lies on the N. of Germany (and setting aside Norway and the Isles) is that Peninsula which was anciently called Cimbricus Chersonesus. It is situated between the 27th and 5 min. and the 31st and 8 min. of Lon. and between the 53d and 52 min. and the 58th degr. of Lat. being in length from Hamburg to Scagen about 250 miles, and in breadth 90, but in some places but 25 miles. Sometimes reckoned a part of old Germany; now called by the Natives, Denemark; by the Italians and Spaniards, Danamarca; and by the Poles, Dunska.

			How it was governed anciently it is uncertain, but it has had its own Kings ever since Anno 797, and in the Year 1379 Norway (which before had also its own Kings) was united to it. So that the Government at present is under its own hereditary King, whose Royal Seat is at Copenhagen.

			The Inhabitants are Protestants, and for the most part Lutherans. Their Language a Dialect of the German; but in Norway they speak it with more difference. Their chief Commodities are Fish, Tallow, Furniture for Ships, Armours, Oxhides, Buckskins, Firwood, and Wainscoat. Under this name are comprehended six parts; the three first are in the Peninsula.

			* 1. North Iuitland, the most N. Pr. in the Peninsula, 134 m. l. & 90 br. It contains four Diocesses or Provinces, viz. 1. Aalborg, or Burglave, ch. T. Aalborg. 2. Wiborg, ch. T. Wiborg. 3. Arhusen, ch. T. Arhusen. 4. Ripen, ch. T. Frederickstat and Ripen. Ch. T. of the whole is Wiborg.
			* 2. Dukedom of Sleswick, or South Iuitland, by the Inhabitants, Hertzogthumb Sleswick; on the S. of North Iuitland, 80. m. l. & 48 br. It belongs to the Duke of Holstein, though not absolutely. Ch. T. are Sleswick, Tonningen, and Flensburg.
			* 3. Dukedom of Holstein, on the S. of Sleswick, part of the Circle of the Lower Saxony, 90 m. l. & 52 br. partly under its own Duke. It contains four Provinces, viz. 1. Ditmarch, ch. T. Meldorp. 2. Proper Holstein, ch. T. Kiel. 3. Stormaria, ch. T. Geluckstat. 4. Wagerland. ch. T. Lubeck. To these is added the Ter. of Hamburg, ch. T. Hamburg; free.

			* 4. The Islands in the Baltick Sea, lie on the E. of Iuitland; they are chiefly two, viz. 1. Zeland, ch. T. Copenhagen and Roschild. 2. Funen, ch. T. Odense and Middlefurt. Here are also some others, as Bornholm, Falster, Laland, Langland, Alsen, Femeren, Mone, Aar, &c.
			* 5. Kingdom of Norway, or Norrick, on the N. of Iuitland, part of the old Scandinaria, 1200 m. l. & 240 br. It contains five Governments, viz. 1. Bahus (under the Swedes) ch. T. Bahus and Marstrand. 2. Aggerhus, ch. T. Agger and Opslo. 3. Bergerhus, ch. T. Bergen. 4. Dronthemus▪ ch. T. Dronthem, 5. Werdhus, the same with Finmark, (partly under the Swedes) ch. T. Werdhus. Ch. T. of the whole is Bergen.
			* 6. The Islands in the Frozen Ocean are chiefly these, 1. Iseland, a considerable Isle, 400 m. l. & 180 br. ch. T. are Skalholt and Hola. 2. Fresland, ch. T. Fresland. 3. Groenland, ch. T. Bearford. 4. Isles of Fero, ch. T. Strom.

			Chief Rivers are Trave and Stoer.

			I find no Mountains.

			Archbishopricks 2. Bishopricks 13. Universities 2.</blockquote>

	===1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child. ===		===1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child. ===

Admin at 02:04, 16 January 2025

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Admin at 02:25, 13 January 2025

2025-01-13T02:25:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:25, 13 January 2025
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	Finmarck, which makes part of Lapland, advances into the cold Zone, so as the day and night last there seven Months together: The Inhabitants of this Country have nothing in property, they accomodate themselves with the first place they like, now in one place, to morrow in another. They live on their Fishing and their Hunting, and only pay the Tribute of some Skins to the King of Denmark; they carry their Fish to sell at Berg. The Castle of Wardhus, with a Burough of three hundred Houses, the most Northern of all our Continent, is in the midst of a small Island, where it serves to exact some Customs, from those who go to Trade by the Ocean, at Arch-Angel in Muscovy. Its Port is in the Western part of the Island, which is separated from the Continent by a Streight of a quarter of a League in breadth, where there is passage for Ships. Its Neighbourhood is not subject to Ice, so as are the other parts of that Sea.</blockquote>		Finmarck, which makes part of Lapland, advances into the cold Zone, so as the day and night last there seven Months together: The Inhabitants of this Country have nothing in property, they accomodate themselves with the first place they like, now in one place, to morrow in another. They live on their Fishing and their Hunting, and only pay the Tribute of some Skins to the King of Denmark; they carry their Fish to sell at Berg. The Castle of Wardhus, with a Burough of three hundred Houses, the most Northern of all our Continent, is in the midst of a small Island, where it serves to exact some Customs, from those who go to Trade by the Ocean, at Arch-Angel in Muscovy. Its Port is in the Western part of the Island, which is separated from the Continent by a Streight of a quarter of a League in breadth, where there is passage for Ships. Its Neighbourhood is not subject to Ice, so as are the other parts of that Sea.</blockquote>

	=== ~~1700~~. The merchants ~~map~~ of commerce by ~~Roberts,~~ Lewes. ~~CHAP. CCX. Of Denmark, and the Provinces and Cities thereof~~. ===		=== 1638. The merchants mappe of commerce wherein by Lewes Roberts. ===
	<blockquote>Denmark hath on the East Mare Balticum, on the West the German Ocean, on the North Sweden, on the South Germany.		<blockquote>Denmark hath on the East Mare Balticum, on the West the German Ocean, on the North Sweden, on the South Germany.

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	In Scania is the City of Londis a fair Haven, Falsgerbode and the Castle of Elsimbourg, one of the Keys of the Sound before mentioned; and the Seas are here said sometimes so to abound with Herrings, that Ships are scarce able with wind and Oar to break through them; and the Country is the pleasantest of all Denmark.		In Scania is the City of Londis a fair Haven, Falsgerbode and the Castle of Elsimbourg, one of the Keys of the Sound before mentioned; and the Seas are here said sometimes so to abound with Herrings, that Ships are scarce able with wind and Oar to break through them; and the Country is the pleasantest of all Denmark.

	In Blesida is found the City of Malmogia, and the strong Castle of Colmar against the Sweedlande••. The principal Trade of this Kingdom is contained in Copenhagen and Elsinour, therefore under the title of these two I will comprehend the Traffick of this Kingdom.</blockquote>		In Blesida is found the City of Malmogia, and the strong Castle of Colmar against the Sweedlande••. The principal Trade of this Kingdom is contained in Copenhagen and Elsinour, therefore under the title of these two I will comprehend the Traffick of this Kingdom.</blockquote><blockquote>COPENHAGEN is the Seat of the Kings of Denmark in Winter, and may be interpreted the Merchants Haven, on the East-side is the Kings Palace or Castle, which bordereth on the Sea shore, where the Haven is found to be, the Sea being not far distant from the North side thereof: the City is of a round form, affording little beauty, as being but meanly built of wood and clay, and the Castle of stone. Here are found some Merchants, yet for the mostipart of no great eminence: for the Country affordeth no rich commodities that may allure others thither, or serve to be transported to other regions, whereby a gain may be expected.

	=== 1700. The merchants map of commerce by Roberts, Lewes. CHAP. CCXI. Of Copenhagen, and the Trade thereof. ===
	<blockquote>COPENHAGEN is the Seat of the Kings of Denmark in Winter, and may be interpreted the Merchants Haven, on the East-side is the Kings Palace or Castle, which bordereth on the Sea shore, where the Haven is found to be, the Sea being not far distant from the North side thereof: the City is of a round form, affording little beauty, as being but meanly built of wood and clay, and the Castle of stone. Here are found some Merchants, yet for the mostipart of no great eminence: for the Country affordeth no rich commodities that may allure others thither, or serve to be transported to other regions, whereby a gain may be expected.

	The Monies of this Kingdom commonly current is the Dollar, and shilling; two Danish shillings make one Lubeck shilling, and 66 Danish shillings accounted for a Rix Dollar, which is five shillings Sterling.		The Monies of this Kingdom commonly current is the Dollar, and shilling; two Danish shillings make one Lubeck shilling, and 66 Danish shillings accounted for a Rix Dollar, which is five shillings Sterling.
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	Their exchanges are here practised by the Rix Dollar above mentioned, the common current Coin of these Countries.		Their exchanges are here practised by the Rix Dollar above mentioned, the common current Coin of these Countries.

		⚫	Their Measures and Weights I will briefly observe by themselves, and therefore hasten to Elsinour.</blockquote><blockquote>ELSINOƲR, of it self is but a poor Village, but much frequented by Sea-men by reason of his neighbourhood to that straight Sea called the Sound, where the King of Denmark hath laid so great Impositions upon all Ships and Goods coming out or going into the Baltick Sea, as this sole profit surpasseth far all the Revenues of his Kingdom: the strong Castle of Cronburg lies in this Village upon the mouth of this straight, to which on the other side of this narrow Sea in the Kingdom of Norway, another Castle is opposite, called Elsburg, which two are the keepers of this Straight, that no Ship can pass in, or come out of the Baltick Sea without their leave; and consequently without due payment of this Imposition. On the South side of Cronburg Castle is the largest Road for Ships, toward the Baltick Sea, where the King is said to have his lodgings, which cannot choose but be a delectable prospect to all men, but especially to him: for Ships go in and out here by Fleets of a hundred, and he is certain, that none do pass either way but according to their burthen and loading, adds somewhat to his treasury. The Haven is able to contain a great Fleet, for it hath Cronburg Castle on the North side, the Castle of Elsburg on the East side, and Seeland, the chief Island of the Kingdom on the West side, and the Island Fimeria or Whern on the South side, in which I noted before, that Tycho Brahe, the samous Mathematician, had his residence. The Danes conceive this Island to be of such importance, as they have a Fable. That Henry the seventh of England offered for the possession of it, as much Scarlet Cloth as would cover the same, with a Rose Noble at the corner of each cloth. If any such offer were made, doubtless the wildom and judgment of that Prince, knew how to make that Island being fortified, peradventure to return him his charges again with good Interest; but it is not credible, by reason that it cannot benefit a foreign Prince, whole Territories heth out of the Sound, by which he must needs enter, those before mentioned Castles commanding the entrance, though it might prove more beneficial to some Prince bordering upon the Baltick Seas, and to whom the Sea is open for passage.</blockquote>
	Their Measures and Weights I will briefly observe by themselves, and therefore hasten to Elsinour.</blockquote>

	=== 1700. The merchants map of commerce by Roberts, Lewes. CHAP. CCXII. Of Elsinour, and the Trade thereof. ===
⚫	<blockquote>ELSINOƲR, of it self is but a poor Village, but much frequented by Sea-men by reason of his neighbourhood to that straight Sea called the Sound, where the King of Denmark hath laid so great Impositions upon all Ships and Goods coming out or going into the Baltick Sea, as this sole profit surpasseth far all the Revenues of his Kingdom: the strong Castle of Cronburg lies in this Village upon the mouth of this straight, to which on the other side of this narrow Sea in the Kingdom of Norway, another Castle is opposite, called Elsburg, which two are the keepers of this Straight, that no Ship can pass in, or come out of the Baltick Sea without their leave; and consequently without due payment of this Imposition. On the South side of Cronburg Castle is the largest Road for Ships, toward the Baltick Sea, where the King is said to have his lodgings, which cannot choose but be a delectable prospect to all men, but especially to him: for Ships go in and out here by Fleets of a hundred, and he is certain, that none do pass either way but according to their burthen and loading, adds somewhat to his treasury. The Haven is able to contain a great Fleet, for it hath Cronburg Castle on the North side, the Castle of Elsburg on the East side, and Seeland, the chief Island of the Kingdom on the West side, and the Island Fimeria or Whern on the South side, in which I noted before, that Tycho Brahe, the samous Mathematician, had his residence. The Danes conceive this Island to be of such importance, as they have a Fable. That Henry the seventh of England offered for the possession of it, as much Scarlet Cloth as would cover the same, with a Rose Noble at the corner of each cloth. If any such offer were made, doubtless the wildom and judgment of that Prince, knew how to make that Island being fortified, peradventure to return him his charges again with good Interest; but it is not credible, by reason that it cannot benefit a foreign Prince, whole Territories heth out of the Sound, by which he must needs enter, those before mentioned Castles commanding the entrance, though it might prove more beneficial to some Prince bordering upon the Baltick Seas, and to whom the Sea is open for passage.</blockquote>

	=== 1638. The merchants mappe of commerce wherein by Lewes Roberts. ===
	<blockquote>Now for the Weights of this Kingdom, they are found to differ in many places; so many as have come to my hand, I have reduced to the suttle hundred of London, which suttle hundred is found to produce in these Cities of Traffick and some others adjoyning,		<blockquote>Now for the Weights of this Kingdom, they are found to differ in many places; so many as have come to my hand, I have reduced to the suttle hundred of London, which suttle hundred is found to produce in these Cities of Traffick and some others adjoyning,
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"

Admin at 02:24, 13 January 2025

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Admin: /* 1700. The merchants map of commerce by Roberts, Lewes. CHAP. CCXIII. Weights in general of Denmark reduced to that of London. */

2025-01-06T04:26:51Z

1700. The merchants map of commerce by Roberts, Lewes. CHAP. CCXIII. Weights in general of Denmark reduced to that of London.

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Admin at 00:52, 25 December 2024

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	The Soil of Denmark is naturally better for Pasture than Tillage, and feed such multitude of Oxen, that at least 50000 are said to be yearly sent hence t• Germany. Their other Commodities are Fish, Tallow, Furniture for Shipping Armour, Ox-hides, Buck-skins, Wainscot, Fir-wood, Furrs, Pipe-staves Copper, Wheat, Rye, &c.</blockquote>		The Soil of Denmark is naturally better for Pasture than Tillage, and feed such multitude of Oxen, that at least 50000 are said to be yearly sent hence t• Germany. Their other Commodities are Fish, Tallow, Furniture for Shipping Armour, Ox-hides, Buck-skins, Wainscot, Fir-wood, Furrs, Pipe-staves Copper, Wheat, Rye, &c.</blockquote>

			=== 1685. Geographia universalis: the present state of the whole world by Pierre Duval. ===
			<blockquote>Of Denmark.

			THE Danes make the Name of their Country come from Dan, one of the Successors of Noah. They make all their Kings to descend from him to Christian the Fifth, now Reigning, Grandson of Christian the Fourth, who had the happiness to sway the Scepter above sixty Years. The King of Denmark commands Countries of vast extent, which for the most part are cold, by reason of their Situation towards the North, full of Mountains and Woods, and Ice and Snow. Of this Number are the Kingdom of Norway, Greenland, the Isles of Island and of Fero. Towards the North of America, there be some Lands which bear the Name of New-Denmark: Some Fortresses in Guinea, Krankebar in Coromandel, in the East-Indies, acknowledg subjection to his Majesty of Denmark. What is particularly comprehended under the Name of Denmark, is the best inhabited, the finest and the most fertile. It is an Hereditary Kingdom since the Year 1660. before, it was Elective; the Nobility being now stript of the Prerogative it formerly possessed. The King of Denmark styles himself Count of Oldembourg and Delmenhorst, as the Eighth King of that Family, into which the Crown of Denmark came in the Year 1448. by the Election of Christian I. He is now in possession of it, and caused to be built there, in the Year 1681. a new City, with a Sea-Port, under the Name of Christiana. The Opinion of Luther is followed in Denmark since the Reign of King Frederiek, Elected in the Year 1523. There is no great Trade drove in Denmark, but there is a fine Revenue arising from the Customs which the Merchandizes pay, that pass through the Streight of the Sound, the Key of the Baltick-Sea. This Streight is a Mile in breadth, and the Course which the Ships there steer, with the most safety and conveniency, is nearer Cronembourg, than Elsenbourg, which belongs to the Crown of Sueden. This Revenue is no longer so considerable, since the Suedes do not pay there now what they did formerly: and it would be less, if the design was brought about, that has been entertain'd, of joyning the Baltick Sea to the Elve, by the Lake of Swerin, if the transportation of Commodities be continued by Land from Hambourg to Lubeck, and if the Elector of Brandenbourg brings to perfection the Chanel, which he has begun at Mulras, for the transporting the Merchandizes of Poland and Silesia, from the Oder into the Elve. Ships of ordinary Bulk, which take their way through the Streight of the Belt, cast Anchor before Nibourg, and there pay the Impost. This Streight is broader, but not so deep as that of the Sound, by which means the Sea is there very rough: the great Ships meet with several Islands there, and do not willingly steer their Course that way, which they take more directly and more conveniently through the Sound. The King of Denmark raises also a great Revenue from the Cattel of his Dominions, which afford 'em both very fat and in great plenty. The Germans carry away from thence every Year above fifty thousand Oxen into their own Country; Other Foreigners go into Denmark to buy Horses. Such abundance is there of Deer, that three or four hundred are sometimes killed, in one Chace alone; the Danes are us'd to salt and barrel 'em up, for the victualling, as they say, the King's Ships: the hunting of those Creatures is commonly perform'd in Chariots, or a sort of running Waggons, by reason these Machines do not fright away the Deer.

			The Ports of Denmark are the Peninsula of Jutland, and the Islands near the Streight of the Belt: Schonen was yielded up to the Crown of Sueden by the late Treaties of Peace. Jutland was the abode of Cimbres, who have made Conquest in most of the Regions of Europe, and who, before they were defeated by Marius, gave furious Alarums to the Romans. There is somewhat Martial found at this day in the Danish Ladies; they love Hunting, and receive at Table, rather than in their Chambers, those persons who make 'em visits.

			In Jutland there be four Diocesses towards the North, Ripen, Arhusen, Alborg, Viborg; two Dutchies towards the South, Sleswick and Holstein. Those who inhabit near the Coast are at small Charges in making their Houses, for that the Wind does often carry there such drifts of Sand, as to constrain 'em to get out at the top of their Houses. Kolding is the place of Custom for the Cattel: Frederic-Ode, which is now called Frederic, for the rendring the termination of it the more different from that of Frederick-Ohrt in Holstein, is in so important a situation, that Charles Gustavus, King of Sueden, having taken it in the late Wars, had then the means of making his Army pass over the Ice, into all the Neighbouring Islands, and go give the Alarum to Copenhagen; which was an Action as bold as that never the like was heard of; this Prince made the Cavalry march and lead the Artillery over great Arms of the Sea, where before a Man on foot would have been afraid of venturing himself: True it is, that formerly some Battels have been fought there upon the Ice, but commonly the War was made, in those Parts, by Land in Winter, and by Sea in Summer.

			The Dutchy of Sleswick was the ancient abode of the English: It belongs to the Duke of Holstein, who has his Residence at Gottorp, and holds of the Crown of Denmark. The City of Sleswick has the remains of the Re-intrenchments which were made there, at divers times, to hinder entrance into the Peninsula. One of the late Dukes of Holstein, caused Frederickstadt to be built upon the Eider, with design of setling there the Guild-Trade: He sent, in the Year 1633. for that purpose, a signal Embassie into Russia and Persia; whereof we have both a fine and an exact Relation, drawn up by Olearius, Secretary of the Embassie. Holstein, otherwise Holsatia, belongs to the King of Denmark, and to the Duke of Holstein, who have hitherto done Homage for it to the Emperor, as Fief of the Empire, and have had alternately the administration of Justice, the Session in the Assemblies of the Empire, and in all the Rights of Regality. By the Peace of the Empire with Sueden, Protection is granted the Duke against the King of Denmark, which was of no use to him in the late Wars; and he was only re-established in his Dominions by the Peace of Nimmighen. His Riches consist in the Fishery, and in the Transportation of Swine, which are fatned in the Woods. Some Lands, in this Country, bring forth for three years together, the three years following they are covered with Water, by the means of Ponds that are made to overflow: The Principal Town is Riel, which is near the Port of Christianpreis, which was Fortified, and, near which, has lately been built the Fortress of Frederick-Ohrt.

			The greatest Isles of Denmark are Zealand and Fionia. Copenhagen, in Zealand, is a Town of great Commerce, the usual abode of the King. It has a fine Castle-Royal, good Fortifications, which afforded its Inhabitants the means of repulsing the Suedes in the late Wars. It has also one of the finest Arsenals of Europe, wherein is kept a Celestial Globe, of six foot Diameter, made by Tycho-Brahe, the famous Mathematician, who made curious observations in the Castle of Ʋranibourg, in the Isle of Vren. Ʋranibourg is really the pleasantest Situated in the World. Besides the Prospect they have from thence, of the Royal-City, of the two Coasts of Zealand, and of Schonen, they have a full view of all the Ships which pass and repass the Sound from the one Sea to the other. Roskild is the Mausoleum of the Kings. Elsenour is near the strong Castle of Cronembourg, whose Fortifications have lately been augmented.

			The Isle of Fionia is the Appennage of the Prince of Denmark. Its City of Ottensec was the place of holding the General Assemblies of the Kingdom, which, since the Year 1660. are to be held at Copenhagen.

			The Isle of Bornholm was yielded to the Crown of Sueden by the last Treaty of Peace; since which, the Danes have given, in Exchange of that Island, an equivalent, by the Propriety of several Lords in Schonen.

			Norway possesses the Western part of the great Peninsula of Scandinovia, whereof Sueden makes the Eastern: A long ledg of Hills, which divide 'em into two, leaving Norway towards the Ocean, Sueden towards the Baltick-Sea. From hence they Transport Whale-Oyl, dry'd Fish, called Stock-Fish, abundance of Timber for the building of Ships, for the making of Masts and Sail-Yards. Its Coast, though of a vast extent, has few good Harbours, by reason of the small Islands, Rocks and Shelves, wherewith they are environed. The Gulph of Maclstroon is also said to swallow up the Ships which approach it. What is towards the Pole, is full of Forests and of Mountains, which have some Mines of Iron and of Copper. In the Year 1646. near Opslo, was a Mine of Gold discovered, which gave the Inhabitants occasion to Publish abroad, That they had the Northern-Indies; this advantage lasted but as long as the Mine, which was afterwards quickly at an end, by over-much working.

			This Kingdom has five Governments, with as many Castles, Bahus, Aggerhus, Barghenhus, Dronthem, Vardhus. That of Bahus, with a Castle of the same Name, upon a Rock, was yielded to the Suedes by the late Peace. Berghen is the best City, the Residence of the Vice-roy, with the new Fortress Bourg, and a Sea-Port, where the Ships do easily touch, and are safe from all Winds, by the means of high Mountains wherewith it is surrounded. The Merchants of the Anseatick Towns have their Magazines. Dronthem, the abode of the ancient Kings of Norway, is very much decayed: It has still the Title of an Arch-Bisho prick, with the remains of one of the Finest and most Magnificent Churches in the North. Ships are secure in that Harbour, but have occasion for good Pilots to bring 'em in. The other Principal Havens, of this Kingdom, are in the Western part. In some Countries of this Region, is Bread made of the flower of Barley and Oats, which they bake between two hollow Flints; this Bread will keep, as they say, thirty or forty years. The Norwegians are little subject to discourses, of such a constitution, that when they are in a Feaver, a slice of a Gammon of Bacon does 'em more good than a new-laid Egg; the inclination of several of them to Sorcery, makes 'em have the reputation of selling Winds to Saylors.

			Finmarck, which makes part of Lapland, advances into the cold Zone, so as the day and night last there seven Months together: The Inhabitants of this Country have nothing in property, they accomodate themselves with the first place they like, now in one place, to morrow in another. They live on their Fishing and their Hunting, and only pay the Tribute of some Skins to the King of Denmark; they carry their Fish to sell at Berg. The Castle of Wardhus, with a Burough of three hundred Houses, the most Northern of all our Continent, is in the midst of a small Island, where it serves to exact some Customs, from those who go to Trade by the Ocean, at Arch-Angel in Muscovy. Its Port is in the Western part of the Island, which is separated from the Continent by a Streight of a quarter of a League in breadth, where there is passage for Ships. Its Neighbourhood is not subject to Ice, so as are the other parts of that Sea.</blockquote>

	=== 1700. The merchants map of commerce by Roberts, Lewes. CHAP. CCX. Of Denmark, and the Provinces and Cities thereof. ===		=== 1700. The merchants map of commerce by Roberts, Lewes. CHAP. CCX. Of Denmark, and the Provinces and Cities thereof. ===

Admin at 06:11, 22 December 2024

2024-12-22T06:11:11Z

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Admin: Created page with " ==Etymology and other names== ==History== ==Geography== ==Demographics== ==Economy== ==Culture== ==Government== ==Military== ==Education== ==Transportation== ==Notable People== ==Sources from old books== == Sources from old books: == === 1635. Historia mundi: or Mercator's atlas. London. by Gerhard Mercator. ===
DENMARKE is a large and populous Kingdome, commonly called Danemarch, as it were the Countrie of the Danes. But whence the originall of the Danes..."

2024-12-20T08:06:17Z

Created page with " ==Etymology and other names== ==History== ==Geography== ==Demographics== ==Economy== ==Culture== ==Government== ==Military== ==Education== ==Transportation== ==Notable People== ==Sources from old books== == Sources from old books: == === 1635. Historia mundi: or Mercator's atlas. London. by Gerhard Mercator. === <blockquote>DENMARKE is a large and populous Kingdome, commonly called Danemarch, as it were the Countrie of the Danes. But whence the originall of the Danes..."

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