Fesse - Revision history

Admin: /* 1694. The present state of the universe by John Beaumont.[edit | edit source] */

2025-10-25T14:03:58Z

1694. The present state of the universe by John Beaumont.[edit | edit source]

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:03, 25 October 2025
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	Besides these Moors, in the Estates of Fez and Morocco, there are many Arabs which go by Cabilles or Lineal Descent; and which make War and Peace as they please, between themselves, and with the Moors: Wandering continually, and pillaging now one Coast, and then another. They either assault or convoy the Caravans according to their interest; sometimes serving the Kings of Morocco, sometimes making War upon them. Those that are in the highest Mountains of Atlas, are so rude and barbarous, that the Ancients have believed them to be Satyrs, Pans, Aegipans, that is, Half Devils. In some Cities there are quantity of Jews; almost no Christians, except they be Slaves, or some Merchants.</blockquote>		Besides these Moors, in the Estates of Fez and Morocco, there are many Arabs which go by Cabilles or Lineal Descent; and which make War and Peace as they please, between themselves, and with the Moors: Wandering continually, and pillaging now one Coast, and then another. They either assault or convoy the Caravans according to their interest; sometimes serving the Kings of Morocco, sometimes making War upon them. Those that are in the highest Mountains of Atlas, are so rude and barbarous, that the Ancients have believed them to be Satyrs, Pans, Aegipans, that is, Half Devils. In some Cities there are quantity of Jews; almost no Christians, except they be Slaves, or some Merchants.</blockquote>

	=== 1694. The present state of the universe by John Beaumont.~~[edit \| edit source]~~ ===		=== 1694. The present state of the universe by John Beaumont. ===
	<blockquote>MOROCCO and FEZ. (Book Morocco)		<blockquote>MOROCCO and FEZ. (Book Morocco)

Admin at 14:03, 25 October 2025

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	IV. As for his Revenues, he is absolute Lord of the whole Estate, and of his Subjects Goods and Bodies. He has the Tenth, and First Fruits of all Fruits, Corn and Cattle, tho many times contented in the Name of the First Fruits, with one in twenty. He receives the fifth part of a Ducat, for every Acre of Land throughout his Dominions, the other four parts for every Fire, and as much for every Head, above fifteen years of Age. Of Merchandize he receives of every Native two in the hundred; of every Alien, ten; and has a large Impost upon every Mill. When any of his greater Officers or Judges die; he is sole Heir of all their Goods, and yet advances great Sums, by the Sale of those Offices. And upon extraordinary Occasions he levies what Taxes he pleases, but commonly he is pretty moderate in them.</blockquote>		IV. As for his Revenues, he is absolute Lord of the whole Estate, and of his Subjects Goods and Bodies. He has the Tenth, and First Fruits of all Fruits, Corn and Cattle, tho many times contented in the Name of the First Fruits, with one in twenty. He receives the fifth part of a Ducat, for every Acre of Land throughout his Dominions, the other four parts for every Fire, and as much for every Head, above fifteen years of Age. Of Merchandize he receives of every Native two in the hundred; of every Alien, ten; and has a large Impost upon every Mill. When any of his greater Officers or Judges die; he is sole Heir of all their Goods, and yet advances great Sums, by the Sale of those Offices. And upon extraordinary Occasions he levies what Taxes he pleases, but commonly he is pretty moderate in them.</blockquote>

			=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===
			<blockquote>Fez, a City and Kingdom of Africa, in Barbary, between Morocco and the Mediterranean on the one side, and the Ocean and the Kingdom of Algier on the other. The River Mulvia separates it from Algier Eastward, the Ocean washes it to the West. The Mountains of Atlas, and the River Ommirabi, divide it from Segelmessa and Morocco to the South; and the Streights of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean divide it from Spain to the North. Fez is a part of the ancient Mauritania Tingitana, containing Seven Provinces, Temesna, Fez and Asgar, upon the Ocean; Habat, upon the Streights; Errif and Garet, upon the Mediterranean-Sea; and Chaüs, all within the Land. The City of Fez is the Ornament of all the Kingdom, and indeed of all Barbary. It lies 100 Miles from the Ocean, and as many from the Mediterranean-Sea; seated upon the River of Perles, or Fez, which runs between the Rivers Bunasar and Suba. The Form of it is a Four-square, built upon the Descent of two Mountains, separated by a River; the Middle is Plain; the Out-parts Hilly: with a great number of Suburbs without, of which 32 are the most Considerable; some of them have 500, some 1000, and others 2000 Houses. The City hath 4 Principal Quarters, 62 Great Market-Places, above 200 Large and Streight Streets, with a multitude of Lesser ones. It hath 700 Mosques, a great number of Colleges, Hospitals, Stores, &c. It hath 86 Gates; and 150 Publick Jakes, whose Filth is all carry'd off by the Water. It hath 250 Bridges, many of which are so cover'd with Houses, that they are not discerned. It hath 86 Publick Fountains, besides 600 Private ones. The Houses are well built, having Mosaick Work on the Outside; and are Painted with Flowers, Fruits, Perspectives and Landskips Within. Of the Mosques, 50 are of a very Magnificent Structure, having many Marble Pillars; most of 'em are neither Vaulted, Pav'd nor Wainscotted, but handsomly Matted; the Greatest of them is said to be Half a Mile in Circuit, has 31 Gates, and 42 Galleries. The Tower is sustain'd by 35 Arches in length, and 20 in breadth; and the whole Building hath 900, and most of 'em enrich'd with Marble. Its Revenue is 200, some say 400 Ducats per Diem. Among its Colleges, the Buildings of that of King Habu Henen, cost 500000 Ducats, being all enrich'd with Mosaick, Gold, Azure, Marble, and Brazen Gates. Its Library contains 2000 Arabian Manuscripts, besides a great number of others. There are 200 Hospitals in and about the City, 25 of 'em for the Sick of the Country, and the Greatest capable of maintaining 2000; the rest are for Strangers; but the Revenues belonging to them are so much squander'd, that now they give only Bedding; and some of them, three Days Nourishment. This City hath moreover 200 Stores, and 200 Inns, some of which have above 200 Chambers. There are 400 Mills belonging to it, which employ 1200 Mules. The Great Square of the Merchants is enclosed with Walls, and shut up with 12 Gates, like a City. It is divided into 15 Quarters, each of which have their respective Tradesmen, and contains in the whole about 20000 Workmen of all sorts. About 200 Paces from this City, is that called New Fez, where their King has his Palace, and it is chiefly inhabited by the Court. This was the Description of the Ancient Fez, but the Present State of it is as follows. The Circuit of it is about 4 Leagues; but there are a great number of Gardens within the Compass of the Walls. It has now no Suburbs, but 7 Principal Gates. The Streets are very Narrow: with Gates that are shut up every Night, to prevent the People from going from one Quarter to another. The Houses are all Terrass'd at the Top; and though they are nothing Beautiful without, yet within they are very Neat and Handsom. All the Trade, and consequently all the Wealth of the Country, is in this City; which is defended by two Castles that have no Artillery. The one is very Ancient, and the Walls of it are demolish'd in some Places; the other was built, some Years since, by the Famous Muley-Archy, having two Bastions on both sides of the City, with two Iron Great Guns in each. The River which falls from Fez-Gedide, or Fez-la-Neuve, runs through the Middle of Fez-Bele; where it divides it self into six Branches, that supply all the Houses of the City with Water, every House having three or four Fountains. This River also thus divided, sets a going 366 Mills, for the Convenience of the Inhabitants, and affords Water to as many Baths. There are also in the City 366 Ovens; and in regard they Bake their Bread every Day, the Ovens are always employ'd till Four a Clock in the Afternoon. There are 4 Principal Mosques, and about 500 of lesser Bulk, and less Wealthy. The Grand Mosque, call'd Carouin, is the Residence of the Cadi, or Chief Pontiff of their Law. Near this Temple stand certain Colleges, where they that desire to be Talbes, or Doctors of the Law, follow their Studies. The most Magnificent of all, was built by Muley-Archy. In these Colleges they study nothing but the most pure Arabick Language, wherein the Alcoran ••s written, and which is very different from the Vulgar; but they neither study Latin nor Philosophy there, as some would make the World believe. The City of Fez-Gedine, which lies above Fez-Belè, serves to Command it, instead of a Citadel. Muley-Archy built a Palace and a Seraglio within it, where there is also a very Beautiful and Large Mosque. The City of Fez was founded by Muley Drice, the First King of the Arabians who Commanded in the Country. He is honour'd as a Saint, because he forced the Jews, with which he Peopl'd that City, to embrace the Alcoran. No Jew nor Christian dare pass the Street of his Palace. His Tomb is in the Mountains of Serhon, and serves for a Retreat to such as flee from the King's Anger, or the Hands of Justice; and the Palace where he dwelt has the same Privilege. This Country of Fez is the best Cultivated of any in Barbary, hath many good Cities, and is well Water'd with Rivers. The King of Morocco is Master of it, and assumes the Title of Emperor of Africa, King of Morocco, Fez, Suz and Falette; Lord of Daro, Gago, Guinea, &c. The Country is inhabited by Moors and Arabians; who are allowed to marry Four Wives, and keep as many other Women as they please; and they bury their Dead always in New Ground, lest at the Resurrection they should find it troublesom to distinguish each his own Members. Sanson. du Val. Marmol. Thuan.</blockquote>

	=== 1695. A New Body of Geography by A. Sewall & T. Child. ===		=== 1695. A New Body of Geography by A. Sewall & T. Child. ===

Admin: /* 1695. A New Body of Geography by A. Sewall & T. Child. */

2025-04-06T15:32:34Z

1695. A New Body of Geography by A. Sewall & T. Child.

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:32, 6 April 2025
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	Besides these Moors, in the Estates of Fez and Morocco, there are many Arabs which go by Cabilles or Lineal Descent; and which make War and Peace as they please, between themselves, and with the Moors: Wandering continually, and pillaging now one Coast, and then another. They either assault or convoy the Caravans according to their interest; sometimes serving the Kings of Morocco, sometimes making War upon them. Those that are in the highest Mountains of Atlas, are so rude and barbarous, that the Ancients have believed them to be Satyrs, Pans, Aegipans, that is, Half Devils. In some Cities there are quantity of Jews; almost no Christians, except they be Slaves, or some Merchants.</blockquote>		Besides these Moors, in the Estates of Fez and Morocco, there are many Arabs which go by Cabilles or Lineal Descent; and which make War and Peace as they please, between themselves, and with the Moors: Wandering continually, and pillaging now one Coast, and then another. They either assault or convoy the Caravans according to their interest; sometimes serving the Kings of Morocco, sometimes making War upon them. Those that are in the highest Mountains of Atlas, are so rude and barbarous, that the Ancients have believed them to be Satyrs, Pans, Aegipans, that is, Half Devils. In some Cities there are quantity of Jews; almost no Christians, except they be Slaves, or some Merchants.</blockquote>

			=== 1694. The present state of the universe by John Beaumont.[edit \| edit source] ===
			<blockquote>MOROCCO and FEZ. (Book Morocco)

			I. NOT to go farther for the Rise of the Emperors of Fez and Morocco, a Family of them, called the Marine Family, begun in Jacob Ben-Joseph, ann. 1270, who held their Residence at Fez, as the first Seat of their Empire; Morocco being then governed by an Under-King; and the rest of the Provinces of the Kingdom cantoned into several States. Now it happened about the year 1508, that Mahomet Ben Amet, a Native of Dora, in the farther Numidia, pretending a Descent from their Prophet Mahomet, caused himself to be called Xeriffe, a Name by which the Kindred and Successors of that Impostor used to call themselves: and being a poor Hermite only (which sort of pretended Saints have often imposed on this People) plotted to make his Sons the chief Princes of Mauritania. To this end he sent them to Meccha, whence they returned with such an opinion of Sanctity, that Mahomet, the then King of Fez, made Amet, the elder of them, Governor of the famous College of Amadorach, and the youngest, called Mahomet, Tutor to his Children. In those days the Portuguese greatly infested the Provinces of the Realm of Morocco; to repress whose Insolences, Mahomet and Amet obtained Commissions, tho much opposed therein by Muley, the King's Brother, who told him, that under colour of Religion, they might quickly raise themselves to a power, and how unsafe it was to trust an arm'd Hypocrisie. But this Counsel was rejected, and they being furnished with an Army, defeated Lopez Barriga, Commander of the Portugal Forces, under King Emanuel, and compelled that King to abandon all his Footing there: and they subdued Duccata, Sus, and Hea, three Provinces of the Realm of Morocco, entered that City, poisoned the Tributary King, and salute Amet King thereof, by the name of Xeriffe of Morocco, investing Mahomet, the other Brother in the Kingdom of Sus. During these Successes the King of Fez died, and his Successor, named Amet, an improvident young Prince, confirms his quondam Tutors in their new Estates, conditionally they should hold of him in Chief, and pay him the accustomed Tributes.

			Amet denied both Tribute and Superiority to the King of Fez, whom he overthrew in a set Field, and was himself afterwards vanquished and dispossessed of his Kingdom (upon some quarrel breaking out) by his Brother Mahomet, King of Sus, who having got the Kingdom of Morocco, united Fez unto it also, by the vanquishment of Amet, the King thereof, who at last was slain by the Turks of his Guard. From this Mahomet is descended,

			Ismael Muley, or Muler her, Brother to the late King of Taffilette, by the Mother-side, present Emperor of Barbary and Morocco, King of Fez, Susa, and Taffilette, being about forty years of Age.

			II. He bears for Arms, three Wheels Argent. He professes the Mahometan Religion, and styles himself Xeriffe, of the Race of Mahomet: Xeriffe signifying an illustrious and sacred person. The Language spoken at present in most of the Maritime Towns of Barbary, except those of Fez and Morocco, is the Arabick. In those two Kingdoms, and most part of the Country Villages, the Punick, or Old African, the ancient Languages of the Country is spoken. The Punick in all places where anciently the Carthaginians were of any power: the African (whatsoever it was) in the parts of Mauritania, not subject to them.

			III. The two Capital Cities are Fez and Morocco, the latter was reckoned once amongst the greatest Cities of the World, at what time it was said to contain one hundred thousand Families; but by the Depredations of the Barbarians, and the removal of the Seat Royal to Fez, its hardly a third part so big as formerly. The Castle there is very large and strong; on a Tower whereof stand three Globes made of pure Gold, prized at six hundred thousand Livres. There is no City in all Barbary which equals Fez in Greatness, Beauty, and Number of Inhabitants. Some count in it twenty eight thousand Housholds, and seven hundred Mosques, the chief of which is Carnven, being a mile and an half in compass; the Roof is large and high raised; its one hundred and fifty yards in length, and eighty in breadth: there is a College called Amadorach, a most curious and delicate Building; it has three Cloisters of admirable Beauty, supported with eight square Pillars of divers Colours; the Roof is curiously carved, and the Arches of Mosaick Work of Gold and Azure. The Gates are of Brass finely wrought, and the Doors of the private Chambers are of inlaid Work. This College cost the Founder three hundred and eighty thousand Crowns. There are about one hundred hot Baths, well built, with four Halls to each, and certain Galleries without, where they put off their Cloaths when they go to bath themselves.

			IV. As for his Revenues, he is absolute Lord of the whole Estate, and of his Subjects Goods and Bodies. He has the Tenth, and First Fruits of all Fruits, Corn and Cattle, tho many times contented in the Name of the First Fruits, with one in twenty. He receives the fifth part of a Ducat, for every Acre of Land throughout his Dominions, the other four parts for every Fire, and as much for every Head, above fifteen years of Age. Of Merchandize he receives of every Native two in the hundred; of every Alien, ten; and has a large Impost upon every Mill. When any of his greater Officers or Judges die; he is sole Heir of all their Goods, and yet advances great Sums, by the Sale of those Offices. And upon extraordinary Occasions he levies what Taxes he pleases, but commonly he is pretty moderate in them.</blockquote>

	=== 1695. A New Body of Geography by A. Sewall & T. Child. ===		=== 1695. A New Body of Geography by A. Sewall & T. Child. ===

Admin at 02:05, 20 January 2025

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	Besides these Moors, in the Estates of Fez and Morocco, there are many Arabs which go by Cabilles or Lineal Descent; and which make War and Peace as they please, between themselves, and with the Moors: Wandering continually, and pillaging now one Coast, and then another. They either assault or convoy the Caravans according to their interest; sometimes serving the Kings of Morocco, sometimes making War upon them. Those that are in the highest Mountains of Atlas, are so rude and barbarous, that the Ancients have believed them to be Satyrs, Pans, Aegipans, that is, Half Devils. In some Cities there are quantity of Jews; almost no Christians, except they be Slaves, or some Merchants.</blockquote>		Besides these Moors, in the Estates of Fez and Morocco, there are many Arabs which go by Cabilles or Lineal Descent; and which make War and Peace as they please, between themselves, and with the Moors: Wandering continually, and pillaging now one Coast, and then another. They either assault or convoy the Caravans according to their interest; sometimes serving the Kings of Morocco, sometimes making War upon them. Those that are in the highest Mountains of Atlas, are so rude and barbarous, that the Ancients have believed them to be Satyrs, Pans, Aegipans, that is, Half Devils. In some Cities there are quantity of Jews; almost no Christians, except they be Slaves, or some Merchants.</blockquote>

			=== 1695. A New Body of Geography by A. Sewall & T. Child. ===
			<blockquote>The Kingdom of FEZ.

			THis Kingdom is a part of the antient Mauritania Tingitana, lying between Algiers and the Ocean. On the East, the River Mulvia parts it from the Kingdom of Algiers. On the South-West the River Ommiraby divides it from Morocco, and on the South Mount Atlas comes between it and Segelmesse. The extent of it from South to North is about 90 leagues, and almost as much from West to East.

			The Air is good and very temperate. This Country is the best inhabited and most fertile of all Barbary. It produces an abundance of all sorts of Grain, Fruits and Beasts, especially Almonds, Figs, Olives, Grapes of an extraordinary bigness; Oxen, Sheep, Hares, Goats, Frogs, and the best and most beautiful Horses of all Barbary. They need take no pains to till the ground, which requires only to be watered in May. They have a great abundance of Fish, both in the Sea and in their Rivers. They have neither Apples, nor Pears, nor Nuts, nor Cherries; but instead of them, Oranges, Citrons, Peach, Figs, Dates, white Honey, Sugar, and Pidgeons. In their Forrests are the most cruel Lyons of all Africk. The Soil of Mechnesse brings forth excellent Fruits, particularly Quinces, Pomegranates, Plumbs, Figs, Grapes, Olives, and Flax. The Mountain Zalag• is covered with Vines on the North side, and that of Zarhon is planted with Olives. The Forrests belonging to the City of Tefelselt have terrible Lyons: The Plains of Aseis and Adhasen produces such tame and fearful ones, that a Woman may put them to flight with a Staff.

			This Kingdom, and that of Morocco, make up the Government of the Xeriffes, who invaded it under the pretence of the Musulman, or Mahometan Religion. These two Kingdoms make up the Ancient Mauritania Tingitana. The King of Tasilet hath re-united them in this last age, and upon that account takes upon him the Title of Emperour of Africa, King of Morocco, Fez, Sus, Tasilet, &c. The King of Spain retains some places on the Coasts, as Jeute, Penon de Velez. The Portugueze possess Cazar-Ezaghir. The English have left and razed Tangier ever since 1685.

			This Kingdom is divided into 7 chief Cities, which are Garet and Errif upon the Mediterranean; Etbabat or Nabat by the Streights; Tesmesne, Asgar, and Fez, by the Ocean; Cus or Chaux in the middle of the Country. The City of Fez stands in the middle of the Kingdom, upon the little River Perles, or Fez, between Suba and Bunazar, in the 32 D. of Latitude, and 15 D. of Longitude. It is at present the glory of all Africk, and one of the finest Cities in the World; the figure of it is a long square or oblong, of which the middle is in a Plain, the ends on an Hill, with several Suburbs. It hath 12 principal Quarters, 62 large Market-places, more than 200 fine, large, strait Streets, besides a great number of small ones; 700 Mosques or Temples, and several Colledges.

			The City of Salle, Sala, is the Commonwealth of the Pyrates, some time since made subject to the King of Fez and Morocco, standing on the right side of the small River Burregred, and by the Western, or Atlantick Ocean.</blockquote>

Admin: /* 1638. The merchants mappe of commerce wherein by Lewes Roberts. */

2025-01-03T03:32:28Z

1638. The merchants mappe of commerce wherein by Lewes Roberts.

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	# the fifth Arguer;		# the fifth Arguer;
	# the sixth is Alcaser, (neere to which the three Kings, Sebastian of Portugall, Mahomet of Fesse, and Abdelmelech of Morocco, competitors for this Kingdome were slaine in one day, together with many others of eminent quality; and Stukley that famous infamous english rebell in Anno 1578)		# the sixth is Alcaser, (neere to which the three Kings, Sebastian of Portugall, Mahomet of Fesse, and Abdelmelech of Morocco, competitors for this Kingdome were slaine in one day, together with many others of eminent quality; and Stukley that famous infamous english rebell in Anno 1578)
	# and seventh FESSE the Metropolis, which for its greatnes merits a more serious consideration.		# and seventh [[Fesse, City\|FESSE the Metropolis]], which for its greatnes merits a more serious consideration.
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

Admin at 03:26, 3 January 2025

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 ==Notable People==
 ==Sources from old books==
 === 1652. Cosmographie in four bookes by Peter Heylyn. OF BARBARY. ===

Admin at 08:22, 20 December 2024

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	As for their Forces, it is evident in matter of Fact, that Abdulla the first, at the siege of Mazagon, a Town held by the Portugals, An. 1562. had no less then 200000 men; and that Abdel-Melech at the battel of Alcazar Guez, against king Sebastian, had 40000 Horse and 80000 Foot, besides Voluntaries, and wild Arabians; it being supposed that he might have raised 30000 Horse more (notwithstanding the strong party which was made against him) had he thought it necessary. It is said also that Abdalla kept in constant pay 60000 Horse, of which 15000 were quartered in the Realm of Sus, 25000 in Morocco, and the other in 20000 in the kingdom of Fesse: out of which he called 5000 of the best and ablest for the guard of his person, well mounted and as richly furnished. Besides these he hath bodies of Horse in continual readiness, maintained according to the manner of the Turks Timariots: and by Pensions given amongst the Chiefs of the Arabians, who live like Outlaws in the mountains, and up and down in the skirts of of his Country, is furnished at his need with supplies from them. Well stored with Ammunition also, there being 46 Quintals of Gun•powder laid up monethly, in his famous Arsenal at Morocco: and yet not able to stay long (not above 3 months) upon any action, in regard that all his Souldiers live on his daily allowance; which maketh them, when his Provisions are consumed, to dissolve and scatter.</blockquote>		As for their Forces, it is evident in matter of Fact, that Abdulla the first, at the siege of Mazagon, a Town held by the Portugals, An. 1562. had no less then 200000 men; and that Abdel-Melech at the battel of Alcazar Guez, against king Sebastian, had 40000 Horse and 80000 Foot, besides Voluntaries, and wild Arabians; it being supposed that he might have raised 30000 Horse more (notwithstanding the strong party which was made against him) had he thought it necessary. It is said also that Abdalla kept in constant pay 60000 Horse, of which 15000 were quartered in the Realm of Sus, 25000 in Morocco, and the other in 20000 in the kingdom of Fesse: out of which he called 5000 of the best and ablest for the guard of his person, well mounted and as richly furnished. Besides these he hath bodies of Horse in continual readiness, maintained according to the manner of the Turks Timariots: and by Pensions given amongst the Chiefs of the Arabians, who live like Outlaws in the mountains, and up and down in the skirts of of his Country, is furnished at his need with supplies from them. Well stored with Ammunition also, there being 46 Quintals of Gun•powder laid up monethly, in his famous Arsenal at Morocco: and yet not able to stay long (not above 3 months) upon any action, in regard that all his Souldiers live on his daily allowance; which maketh them, when his Provisions are consumed, to dissolve and scatter.</blockquote>

	===== 1682. Cosmography and geography in two parts by Richard Blome. =====		=== 1682. Cosmography and geography in two parts by Richard Blome. ===
	<blockquote>THe Kingdom of FEZ lies between that of Morocco and the Mediterranean; and between the Ocean, and the Kingdom of Telensin or Argiers▪ Its Provinces are Temesne, Fez and Azgar on the Ocean;* Habat on the Streight; Errife and Garret on the Mediterranean Sea; and Chaus, all up in the Land.		<blockquote>THe Kingdom of FEZ lies between that of Morocco and the Mediterranean; and between the Ocean, and the Kingdom of Telensin or Argiers▪ Its Provinces are Temesne, Fez and Azgar on the Ocean;* Habat on the Streight; Errife and Garret on the Mediterranean Sea; and Chaus, all up in the Land.

Admin: Created page with " ==Etymology and other names== ==History== ==Geography== ==Demographics== ==Economy== ==Culture== ==Government== ==Military== ==Education== ==Transportation== ==Notable People== ==Sources from old books== === 1652. Cosmographie in four bookes by Peter Heylyn. OF BARBARY. ===
3. FESSE, & 4. MOROCCO. THese Kingdoms I have joyned in title, because united for the most part in the storie and affairs thereof, and of late times making but one entire Estate under t..."

2024-12-20T08:21:39Z

Created page with " ==Etymology and other names== ==History== ==Geography== ==Demographics== ==Economy== ==Culture== ==Government== ==Military== ==Education== ==Transportation== ==Notable People== ==Sources from old books== === 1652. Cosmographie in four bookes by Peter Heylyn. OF BARBARY. === <blockquote>3. FESSE, & 4. MOROCCO. THese Kingdoms I have joyned in title, because united for the most part in the storie and affairs thereof, and of late times making but one entire Estate under t..."

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