Hungary - Revision history

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 === 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===
 <blockquote>Hungaria, Pannonia inferior, is one of the Noblest, but most unfortunate Kingdoms, next to Greece, in Europe. The Natives call it Magiar; the Poles, Wegierska; the Germans, Ʋngarn; and the French, Hungary: On the North it is bounded with the Ʋpper Poland, and Red Russia; the Carpathian Mountains interposing between it and them: on the East with Transylvania and Moldavia; on the West with Stiria, Austria, and Moravia; and on the South with Sclavonia, and Servia. Baudrand (including Sclavonia) bounds it on the South with Croatia, Bosnia, and Servia. It extends in length from Presburgh, along the Danube, to the Borders of Transylvania, the space of three hundred English Miles: and one hundred and ninety of the same in breadth: it takes in all that Tract of Land, that was possessed heretofore by the Jazyges Metanastae, a Sarmatian People; and part of Pannonia Superior, and Inferior. Wonderfully fruitful; yielding Corn and Grass in abundance; the latter exceeding (when at its greatest length) the height of a Man: it abounds so in Cattle, that it is thought alone to be able to serve all Europe with Flesh; and they certainly send yearly into Germany eighty thousand Oxen. They have Deer, Partridges, and Pheasants in such abundance, that any body that will may kill them. They have Mines of Gold, Silver, Tin, Lead, Iron and Copper; store of River, or Fresh-water Fish; and Wines equal in goodness to those of Candia. The People are Hardy, Covetous, Warlike; but Slothful and Lazy, not much unlike the Irish. Their best Scholar was St. Jerome. Their best Soldiers, Johannes Huniades, and Matthias Corvinus. The principal Rivers are the Danube, (which divides this Kingdom from end to end,) the Savus, the Dravus, and the Tibiscus: they have one famous Lake, called the Balaton, which is forty Italian Miles in length. The principal Cities are Buda or Offen, Presburgh, Alba-Regalis, and Caschaw. The Hungarians are a Tribe of the Scythians or Tartars, which in the times of Arnulphus, Emperour of Germany, possessed themselves of Transylvania, and the Ʋpper Hungary; under Lewis IV. Successor to Arnulphus, they passed the Danube; wasted all Germany, Italy, Greece, Sclavonia, and Dacia; till broken by the Forces of Germany, and sweetned by the Christian Religion, (first taught them under King Stephen, about 1016. by Albert, Archbishop of Prague,) they became more quiet, and better civilized. This Stephen began his Reign in 1000. This Race of Kings continued to 1302. in twenty three Descents: when Charles Martel, (Son of Charles King of Naples, and Mary Daughter to Stephen IV. King of Hungary,) partly by Election, partly by Inheritance and Conquest succeeded to this Crown: to him succeeded Lewis his Nephew, in 1343. Charles II. (another of his Descendents) in 1383. Sigismund Emperour, King of Bohemia, in the Right of Mary his Wife, (Eldest Daughter of Lewis) in 1387. Albert of Austria, in the Right of Elizabeth his Wife, (Daughter of Sigismond) in 1438. Ʋladislaus, Son of Albert and Elizabeth, in 1444. Matthias Corvinus, Son of Johannes Huniades, by Election in 1458. Ʋladislaus II. Son of Cassimir IV. King of Poland and of Elizabeth, (Daughter of Albert) in 1491. Lewis II. slain in the Battel of Mohatz, succeeded in 1517. and was slain in 1527. John Sepusio, Vaiwode of Transylvania, chosen upon his Death, succeeded that year; but was outed by Ferdinand, restored by Solyman the Turk, and at last died in 1540. The Hungarians Crowned Stephen his Son, an Infant, in the Cradle: but Solyman, seized the best part of his Kingdom, (under pretence of defending it against Ferdinand of Austria) and Ferdinand the rest; so that ever since this wretched Kingdom has been a Stage of War, between the Austrian and the Ottoman Families. The former at this time having recovered from the latter, all the Lower Hungary; and all Tameswaer, in the Ʋpper. The Reader may be pleased to know, that all that part of Hungary, which lies on the West and North of the Danube, is called the Lower Hungary: what lies on the East and South, the Ʋpper. This Kingdom is divided into fifty five Counties; three and twenty of which in the beginning of this last War, were in the Hands of the Turks, and the rest in the Emperor's. It has also two Archbishops Sees, Gran [Strigonium,] and Colocza; thirteen Bishopricks; six under the first, and seven under the latter.</blockquote>
 === 1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child. ===

Admin: /* 1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child. */

2025-09-28T00:00:51Z

1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child.

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:00, 28 September 2025
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	Buda is divided into High and Low Town, the Germans call it Offen, that is to say, Court, because it was the abode of the Kings, and the Capital of all the Kingdom; it has the most honourable Beglerbyat of all Turkey, though it be not the most gainful; its Bashaw has more Authority than others: Its usual Garrison is of eight or ten thousand Men. Agria, Temesvar, Kanisa, have in like manner Bashaws, as being upon the Frontier. The Turks call Temesvar the invincible. The Emperour Ferdinand the 2d. besieged Kanise, being then but Arch-Duke, and could not take it. Leopold-Ignace was not more happy in the year 1664. The Retreat from Kanise by the Duke of Mercoeur, is one of the the finest Actions of our Age. People also esteem that from Mayence by the Cardinal de la Valette, that from Torgow by the Suedish General Banier, that from Dundee by the Marquiss of Montross. Five Churches is the place where Solyman the Great dyed, during the Siege he laid to Zygeth in the year 1566. Mogacz is noted for the defeat of the Christians in the year 1526. The Bridge of Esseck for the exploit of Count Peter de Serin, who burnt it in sight of the Turks Armies.</blockquote>		Buda is divided into High and Low Town, the Germans call it Offen, that is to say, Court, because it was the abode of the Kings, and the Capital of all the Kingdom; it has the most honourable Beglerbyat of all Turkey, though it be not the most gainful; its Bashaw has more Authority than others: Its usual Garrison is of eight or ten thousand Men. Agria, Temesvar, Kanisa, have in like manner Bashaws, as being upon the Frontier. The Turks call Temesvar the invincible. The Emperour Ferdinand the 2d. besieged Kanise, being then but Arch-Duke, and could not take it. Leopold-Ignace was not more happy in the year 1664. The Retreat from Kanise by the Duke of Mercoeur, is one of the the finest Actions of our Age. People also esteem that from Mayence by the Cardinal de la Valette, that from Torgow by the Suedish General Banier, that from Dundee by the Marquiss of Montross. Five Churches is the place where Solyman the Great dyed, during the Siege he laid to Zygeth in the year 1566. Mogacz is noted for the defeat of the Christians in the year 1526. The Bridge of Esseck for the exploit of Count Peter de Serin, who burnt it in sight of the Turks Armies.</blockquote>

			=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===
			<blockquote>Hungaria, Pannonia inferior, is one of the Noblest, but most unfortunate Kingdoms, next to Greece, in Europe. The Natives call it Magiar; the Poles, Wegierska; the Germans, Ʋngarn; and the French, Hungary: On the North it is bounded with the Ʋpper Poland, and Red Russia; the Carpathian Mountains interposing between it and them: on the East with Transylvania and Moldavia; on the West with Stiria, Austria, and Moravia; and on the South with Sclavonia, and Servia. Baudrand (including Sclavonia) bounds it on the South with Croatia, Bosnia, and Servia. It extends in length from Presburgh, along the Danube, to the Borders of Transylvania, the space of three hundred English Miles: and one hundred and ninety of the same in breadth: it takes in all that Tract of Land, that was possessed heretofore by the Jazyges Metanastae, a Sarmatian People; and part of Pannonia Superior, and Inferior. Wonderfully fruitful; yielding Corn and Grass in abundance; the latter exceeding (when at its greatest length) the height of a Man: it abounds so in Cattle, that it is thought alone to be able to serve all Europe with Flesh; and they certainly send yearly into Germany eighty thousand Oxen. They have Deer, Partridges, and Pheasants in such abundance, that any body that will may kill them. They have Mines of Gold, Silver, Tin, Lead, Iron and Copper; store of River, or Fresh-water Fish; and Wines equal in goodness to those of Candia. The People are Hardy, Covetous, Warlike; but Slothful and Lazy, not much unlike the Irish. Their best Scholar was St. Jerome. Their best Soldiers, Johannes Huniades, and Matthias Corvinus. The principal Rivers are the Danube, (which divides this Kingdom from end to end,) the Savus, the Dravus, and the Tibiscus: they have one famous Lake, called the Balaton, which is forty Italian Miles in length. The principal Cities are Buda or Offen, Presburgh, Alba-Regalis, and Caschaw. The Hungarians are a Tribe of the Scythians or Tartars, which in the times of Arnulphus, Emperour of Germany, possessed themselves of Transylvania, and the Ʋpper Hungary; under Lewis IV. Successor to Arnulphus, they passed the Danube; wasted all Germany, Italy, Greece, Sclavonia, and Dacia; till broken by the Forces of Germany, and sweetned by the Christian Religion, (first taught them under King Stephen, about 1016. by Albert, Archbishop of Prague,) they became more quiet, and better civilized. This Stephen began his Reign in 1000. This Race of Kings continued to 1302. in twenty three Descents: when Charles Martel, (Son of Charles King of Naples, and Mary Daughter to Stephen IV. King of Hungary,) partly by Election, partly by Inheritance and Conquest succeeded to this Crown: to him succeeded Lewis his Nephew, in 1343. Charles II. (another of his Descendents) in 1383. Sigismund Emperour, King of Bohemia, in the Right of Mary his Wife, (Eldest Daughter of Lewis) in 1387. Albert of Austria, in the Right of Elizabeth his Wife, (Daughter of Sigismond) in 1438. Ʋladislaus, Son of Albert and Elizabeth, in 1444. Matthias Corvinus, Son of Johannes Huniades, by Election in 1458. Ʋladislaus II. Son of Cassimir IV. King of Poland and of Elizabeth, (Daughter of Albert) in 1491. Lewis II. slain in the Battel of Mohatz, succeeded in 1517. and was slain in 1527. John Sepusio, Vaiwode of Transylvania, chosen upon his Death, succeeded that year; but was outed by Ferdinand, restored by Solyman the Turk, and at last died in 1540. The Hungarians Crowned Stephen his Son, an Infant, in the Cradle: but Solyman, seized the best part of his Kingdom, (under pretence of defending it against Ferdinand of Austria) and Ferdinand the rest; so that ever since this wretched Kingdom has been a Stage of War, between the Austrian and the Ottoman Families. The former at this time having recovered from the latter, all the Lower Hungary; and all Tameswaer, in the Ʋpper. The Reader may be pleased to know, that all that part of Hungary, which lies on the West and North of the Danube, is called the Lower Hungary: what lies on the East and South, the Ʋpper. This Kingdom is divided into fifty five Counties; three and twenty of which in the beginning of this last War, were in the Hands of the Turks, and the rest in the Emperor's. It has also two Archbishops Sees, Gran [Strigonium,] and Colocza; thirteen Bishopricks; six under the first, and seven under the latter.</blockquote>

	=== 1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child. ===		=== 1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child. ===

Admin at 02:08, 16 January 2025

2025-01-16T02:08:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:08, 16 January 2025
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	==History==		==History==
	==Geography==		==Geography==
			==Maps==
			<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150" showfilename="yes">
			File:1701 A system of geography by Herman Moll - Hungary.jpg
			</gallery>
	==Demographics==		==Demographics==
	==Economy==		==Economy==

Admin at 02:12, 13 January 2025

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Admin at 01:20, 25 December 2024

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 === 1635. Historia mundi: or Mercator's atlas. London. by Gerhard Mercator. ===
 <blockquote>HUNGARIA, commonly called Hongeren (which name it received from the Huns or Hungarians, who came out of Scythia, and did inhabit it, doth containe Pannonia, and the Countries of Iazigus and the Dacians, beyond Danubius. On the South it hath the River Savus, which devideth it from Croatia and Servia, which are a part of Illyrici over against the Adriatick Sea. On the North it hath Poland and Russia, which are disjoyned by the Mountaine Carpatus. On the West it hath Austria, which was heretofore the head of the higher Pannonia, together with Moravia, and Styria; on the East Mysia which they now call Rhetiana. It is an excellent Country both for the goodnesse of the soyle, and the pleasantnesse of the Situation. The Country is very fruitfull and fertill, and yeeldeth Pearles, Gold, Silver, Colours, and Salt, which are to be digged out of the Earth. It hath abundance of Grasse, Wheate, Pulse, and Fruit. That Country which is by Danubius doth yeeld excellent wine, even from the Country of the five Churches to Taurunus, or Belgrad. But there is no Oyle, and excepting that, it is adorned with all the gifts of nature. It hath divers kindes of living Creatures, having such great plenty both of Oxen, and Sheepe, that great Droves are carried into other Countries, especially into Italy and Germany. It hath also abundance of wilde beasts, as Hares, Does, Goats, Harts, Wolves, Beares, and the like. And also great store of Birds, especially Thrushes, Partridges, and Pheasants. The Paeonians or Pannonians did first inhabit this Country: afterward the Gothes, who were expulsed by the Huns; and the Huns by the Longobards, who were seated here 13. yeeres. But the Huns came in againe under the conduct of their Captaine Attila: after whose death, Charles the Great tooke it into his owne possession. But in the yeere 700. the Huns comming out of Scythia, in the Raigne of the Emperour Arnulph, possessed those parts, being Pagans untill King Stephen, whom they called the holy, was inaugurated and made King. And after him, even untill our times Hungary did professe the Christian Religion. Hungary doth containe all the whole Country of Iazigus Metanastarum, which Ptolemy circumscribeth or boundeth with Danubius •ibiscus, and the Sarmatian Mountaines. There are some ruines yet remaining, which by contracting the word are commonly called •az. But they inhabit those parts which Pl•• describeth, and their speech differs from the Hungarian language. The first King of Hungary, after the Christian Religion was established therein, was Stephen surnamed the Holy, after whom there follow•d his Co••a Peter, his Kinsman Andreas, also Bela, Salomon, Geysa, Ladislaus, Almus, Stephanus the II. Bela Caecus, Geysa the II. Stephen the III. Bela the III, Emericus, Ladislaus the II. and others, even untill the time of the Emperour Rudolphus, King of Hungary. The King of Hungary doth governe his Kingdome by two Magistrates: the higher is devided into three Magistrates, the first of which governeth the Kingdome in the Kings name, in which are the Palatine of the Kingdome, who is next to the King, and judgeth the King if he be accus'd, whom the people of the Kingdome doe chuse, neither is it an heriditary office. Also the Judge of the Court, who is one of the ordinary Judges of the Kingdome. The Chancellor, who is the Metropolitan of Strigonium, who is called the Primate, and Secretary of the Kingdome, and he hath power to annoynt the King that is chosen, and he keepeth the Privie Seale. The Master of the Court doth follow the Kings, and is one of his Privie Counsell. The Master of the Regallities doth judge of all matters concerning Mines of Gold and Saltpits, and lastly, all matters which appertaine to the Exchequer. Secondly, those which sit in Judgement, of which there are certaine Officials, three of greater authority, as the Vice-Palatine of the Kingdom, the Judge of Personall Presence, The Vice-Palatines Protonotary, or chiefe Clarke, the Vice-Judges Protonotary. They are all called Masters, and have these assistants or associates joyned to them: the Archbishop of Strigoniums Secretary, who is called the Secretary of the Exchequer, twelve Assistants, and some sworne Clarkes. Thirdly, those that serve the King, as the Treasurer, the Master of the Bed-chamber, the Cup-bearer, the Master of the Pantry, the Master Porter, and other lesser offices. Moreover, because the Country is large there are severall Judges appointed thorow the Provinces, which the Hungarians call Counties. And they are these beyond Danubius on the West of the River Tibiscus. Posoniensis, Nitriensis, Cepusiensis, Gewinariensis, Posthiensis, Semliniensis, Comariensis, Leptoniensis, Novigradiensis, Abavivariensis, Bathiensis, V•gensis, Traachimensis, Barsiensis, Hontensis, Borsodiensis, Bodroghtensis, Peregriensis, Turoezensis, Omuzolis, Tornensis, Heweciensis, Zolnocensis, Moramarusiensis. Above Danubius on the East of Tibiscus there are Vgoghiensis, Bihoriensis, Zatmariensis, Oradiensis, Zabolciensis, Temesiensis. Betweene the Rivers Danubius, and Dravus, there are Musunensis, Zaladiensis, Tolnensis, Rhab, or Iauriensis, Vespriniensis, Strigoniensis, Soponiensis, Albensis, Sinigiensis, Castriferrensis, Pelisiensis, Waranlensis. Betweene Dravus and the River Savus, there are Valkonensis, Rifiensis, Syrimiensis, Warasdiensis, Prosegiensis, and Zagrabiensis. The Ecclesiasticall government belongeth to the two Archbishops, of Gran, or Strigonia, the Popes Legate and Primate of the Kingdome. It hath under it Agriensis, Vaciensis, Nitriensis, Quinque Ecclesiensis, Vespriniensis, who is the Queenes Chancellor, and crowneth her, and the Bishop Iauriensis commonly called Rab: Colosensis, or Colotz, under whom are Sagabriensis, Transilvaniensis, Voceadrensis, Visemburgensis, Sulniensis, Cenadiensis, or Chonad, and Bosnensis. All Hungary is devided into the hither-most, and the farther. The hither-most Hungary doth containe all that Country which is on this side Danubius: the farther-most doth containe that Country which is beyond Danubius, and Tibiscus glideth thorow the middle of it. The Metropolis and Mother Citty of this Kingdome is Buda, which was so denominated, as the most doe suppose from Buda the builder of it, who was Brother to King Artila, or as others write, from the Budines, a People of Scythia, of whom Herodotus maketh mention. If you consider the Situation of this Citty, it is seated partly on a Mountaine, and fortified with strong Bulwarkes, so that it is the strongest, and pleasantest Citty in all Hungaria, it hath many faire buildings both publike and private. It standeth in a fruitfull soyle, Soliman the Turkish Emperour tooke it from the Christians in the yeere 1526. on the 20. day of August. The Next is Posonium, commonly called Prezborgh, which is a noble Citty. Here the River Leyta deviding the higher Pannonia from the lower, doth mingle it selfe with the River Istrus. It is an ancient faire Citty, having a pleasant ayre and situation, and doth therein excell all the Citties of Pannonia. It hath Mountaines planted with Vines, which are also full of Wood. In the Suburbs it hath a Castle seated on the top of a high Rocke. There is also Belg•ad at the meeting or confluence of the Rivers Savus, and Danubius, it is commonly called Alba Graeca, the ancients called it Taurunum, and the Germanes Griechs Weissenburgh: Soliman the Turke tooke it in the yeere 1520. and having beene before a Towne of defence against the cruell enemy of Christianity, now it is the Turkish Emperours seat. A little lower downe the River Danubius there is Singidunum, which was taken by the Turke in the yeere 1439. In the midst betweene these two Citties, there is a Field famous for the victory of Hunniadus against M•homet the Turkish Emperour: they call this Field Maxons. This Battle was fought in the yeere 1456. Downe the River there are many places where the Christians have received many fatall overthrowes. The Citty Valpo was taken in the yeere 1543. Quinque Ecclesiae by Dravus in the yeere 1543. Zigetha was taken in the yeere 1566. Buda wee have mentioned before. Strigonium by Danubius, commonly called Gran, was heretofore an Archbishops seat, but it is now in the Turkes hands. Alba Regalis, or Stulweyssenburg, is famous in regard the Kings are crowned and buried here, it was taken in the yeere 1543. In the same Country there is Stridon, where Saint Hierom was borne. There is also the Citty Comara, in an Iland of the same name, which the Turkes in vaine attempted. Iaurinum, commonly called Raab is an impregnable Citty by the River Danubius. I passe by the other Townes. There are also in Hungaria many famous Lakes, the chiefe whereof is Balaton, which the Germanes call Platze, being 40. Italian miles broad, and 8. Hungarian miles. The chiefest Rivers are Danubius, Savus, Dravus, and Tibiscus, the three former are common to other Countries, but Tibiscus runneth onely thorow Hungary. It riseth in Maramusia, in the high cliffes of Carpatus, and for plenty of Fish it exceedeth all the Rivers in Hungary, for it hath abundance of all kindes of Fish, as great Pikes, Lampreys, and Sturgeons. There are also other Rivers besides these, which have great store of excellent Fish, as Trowts, Salmons, Perches, Lampreys, Barbels, and others, and those Rivers have gold veines in them. The chiefe Woods and Mountaines beyond Danubius, beginning from Austria and Moravia Lazius reckneth to bee Tarchzal, in Greeke Carpatus, which was heretofore so called from the Minerals in it, it stretcheth and extendeth it selfe thorow the Counties Turocensis, Arnensis, Liproviensis, Cappusiensis, Gewineriensis, and Sariensis, which the Inhabitants call by divers names, as den Vatter, den Munch, den Wurtgarten, den Schnepberg. The second River is Matran, which is planted with Vines neere Agria. The third and greatest of all is Erdel. There are many other Rivers, which for brevitie sake I omit, and so conclude Germany.</blockquote>
 === 1700. The merchants map of commerce by Roberts, Lewes. CHAP. CCXXXIV. Of Hungary, and the principal Cities thereof. ===

Admin: Created page with " ==Etymology and other names== ==History== ==Geography== ==Demographics== ==Economy== ==Culture== ==Government== ==Military== ==Education== ==Transportation== ==Notable People== ==Sources from old books== === 1635. Historia mundi: or Mercator's atlas. London. by Gerhard Mercator. ===
HUNGARIA, commonly called Hongeren (which name it received from the Huns or Hungarians, who came out of Scythia, and did inhabit it, doth containe Pannonia, and the Countries of..."

2024-12-20T20:40:11Z

Created page with " ==Etymology and other names== ==History== ==Geography== ==Demographics== ==Economy== ==Culture== ==Government== ==Military== ==Education== ==Transportation== ==Notable People== ==Sources from old books== === 1635. Historia mundi: or Mercator's atlas. London. by Gerhard Mercator. === <blockquote>HUNGARIA, commonly called Hongeren (which name it received from the Huns or Hungarians, who came out of Scythia, and did inhabit it, doth containe Pannonia, and the Countries of..."

New page

==Etymology and other names==
==History==
==Geography==
==Demographics==
==Economy==
==Culture==
==Government==
==Military==
==Education==
==Transportation==
==Notable People==
==Sources from old books==

=== 1635. Historia mundi: or Mercator's atlas. London. by Gerhard Mercator. ===
<blockquote>HUNGARIA, commonly called Hongeren (which name it received from the Huns or Hungarians, who came out of Scythia, and did inhabit it, doth containe Pannonia, and the Countries of Iazigus and the Dacians, beyond Danubius. On the South it hath the River Savus, which devideth it from Croatia and Servia, which are a part of Illyrici over against the Adriatick Sea. On the North it hath Poland and Russia, which are disjoyned by the Mountaine Carpatus. On the West it hath Austria, which was heretofore the head of the higher Pannonia, together with Moravia, and Styria; on the East Mysia which they now call Rhetiana. It is an excellent Country both for the goodnesse of the soyle, and the pleasantnesse of the Situation. The Country is very fruitfull and fertill, and yeeldeth Pearles, Gold, Silver, Colours, and Salt, which are to be digged out of the Earth. It hath abundance of Grasse, Wheate, Pulse, and Fruit. That Country which is by Danubius doth yeeld excellent wine, even from the Country of the five Churches to Taurunus, or Belgrad. But there is no Oyle, and excepting that, it is adorned with all the gifts of nature. It hath divers kindes of living Creatures, having such great plenty both of Oxen, and Sheepe, that great Droves are carried into other Countries, especially into Italy and Germany. It hath also abundance of wilde beasts, as Hares, Does, Goats, Harts, Wolves, Beares, and the like. And also great store of Birds, especially Thrushes, Partridges, and Pheasants. The Paeonians or Pannonians did first inhabit this Country: afterward the Gothes, who were expulsed by the Huns; and the Huns by the Longobards, who were seated here 13. yeeres. But the Huns came in againe under the conduct of their Captaine Attila: after whose death, Charles the Great tooke it into his owne possession. But in the yeere 700. the Huns comming out of Scythia, in the Raigne of the Emperour Arnulph, possessed those parts, being Pagans untill King Stephen, whom they called the holy, was inaugurated and made King. And after him, even untill our times Hungary did professe the Christian Religion. Hungary doth containe all the whole Country of Iazigus Metanastarum, which Ptolemy circumscribeth or boundeth with Danubius •ibiscus, and the Sarmatian Mountaines. There are some ruines yet remaining, which by contracting the word are commonly called •az. But they inhabit those parts which Pl•• describeth, and their speech differs from the Hungarian language. The first King of Hungary, after the Christian Religion was established therein, was Stephen surnamed the Holy, after whom there follow•d his Co••a Peter, his Kinsman Andreas, also Bela, Salomon, Geysa, Ladislaus, Almus, Stephanus the II. Bela Caecus, Geysa the II. Stephen the III. Bela the III, Emericus, Ladislaus the II. and others, even untill the time of the Emperour Rudolphus, King of Hungary. The King of Hungary doth governe his Kingdome by two Magistrates: the higher is devided into three Magistrates, the first of which governeth the Kingdome in the Kings name, in which are the Palatine of the Kingdome, who is next to the King, and judgeth the King if he be accus'd, whom the people of the Kingdome doe chuse, neither is it an heriditary office. Also the Judge of the Court, who is one of the ordinary Judges of the Kingdome. The Chancellor, who is the Metropolitan of Strigonium, who is called the Primate, and Secretary of the Kingdome, and he hath power to annoynt the King that is chosen, and he keepeth the Privie Seale. The Master of the Court doth follow the Kings, and is one of his Privie Counsell. The Master of the Regallities doth judge of all matters concerning Mines of Gold and Saltpits, and lastly, all matters which appertaine to the Exchequer. Secondly, those which sit in Judgement, of which there are certaine Officials, three of greater authority, as the Vice-Palatine of the Kingdom, the Judge of Personall Presence, The Vice-Palatines Protonotary, or chiefe Clarke, the Vice-Judges Protonotary. They are all called Masters, and have these assistants or associates joyned to them: the Archbishop of Strigoniums Secretary, who is called the Secretary of the Exchequer, twelve Assistants, and some sworne Clarkes. Thirdly, those that serve the King, as the Treasurer, the Master of the Bed-chamber, the Cup-bearer, the Master of the Pantry, the Master Porter, and other lesser offices. Moreover, because the Country is large there are severall Judges appointed thorow the Provinces, which the Hungarians call Counties. And they are these beyond Danubius on the West of the River Tibiscus. Posoniensis, Nitriensis, Cepusiensis, Gewinariensis, Posthiensis, Semliniensis, Comariensis, Leptoniensis, Novigradiensis, Abavivariensis, Bathiensis, V•gensis, Traachimensis, Barsiensis, Hontensis, Borsodiensis, Bodroghtensis, Peregriensis, Turoezensis, Omuzolis, Tornensis, Heweciensis, Zolnocensis, Moramarusiensis. Above Danubius on the East of Tibiscus there are Vgoghiensis, Bihoriensis, Zatmariensis, Oradiensis, Zabolciensis, Temesiensis. Betweene the Rivers Danubius, and Dravus, there are Musunensis, Zaladiensis, Tolnensis, Rhab, or Iauriensis, Vespriniensis, Strigoniensis, Soponiensis, Albensis, Sinigiensis, Castriferrensis, Pelisiensis, Waranlensis. Betweene Dravus and the River Savus, there are Valkonensis, Rifiensis, Syrimiensis, Warasdiensis, Prosegiensis, and Zagrabiensis. The Ecclesiasticall government belongeth to the two Archbishops, of Gran, or Strigonia, the Popes Legate and Primate of the Kingdome. It hath under it Agriensis, Vaciensis, Nitriensis, Quinque Ecclesiensis, Vespriniensis, who is the Queenes Chancellor, and crowneth her, and the Bishop Iauriensis commonly called Rab: Colosensis, or Colotz, under whom are Sagabriensis, Transilvaniensis, Voceadrensis, Visemburgensis, Sulniensis, Cenadiensis, or Chonad, and Bosnensis. All Hungary is devided into the hither-most, and the farther. The hither-most Hungary doth containe all that Country which is on this side Danubius: the farther-most doth containe that Country which is beyond Danubius, and Tibiscus glideth thorow the middle of it. The Metropolis and Mother Citty of this Kingdome is Buda, which was so denominated, as the most doe suppose from Buda the builder of it, who was Brother to King Artila, or as others write, from the Budines, a People of Scythia, of whom Herodotus maketh mention. If you consider the Situation of this Citty, it is seated partly on a Mountaine, and fortified with strong Bulwarkes, so that it is the strongest, and pleasantest Citty in all Hungaria, it hath many faire buildings both publike and private. It standeth in a fruitfull soyle, Soliman the Turkish Emperour tooke it from the Christians in the yeere 1526. on the 20. day of August. The Next is Posonium, commonly called Prezborgh, which is a noble Citty. Here the River Leyta deviding the higher Pannonia from the lower, doth mingle it selfe with the River Istrus. It is an ancient faire Citty, having a pleasant ayre and situation, and doth therein excell all the Citties of Pannonia. It hath Mountaines planted with Vines, which are also full of Wood. In the Suburbs it hath a Castle seated on the top of a high Rocke. There is also Belg•ad at the meeting or confluence of the Rivers Savus, and Danubius, it is commonly called Alba Graeca, the ancients called it Taurunum, and the Germanes Griechs Weissenburgh: Soliman the Turke tooke it in the yeere 1520. and having beene before a Towne of defence against the cruell enemy of Christianity, now it is the Turkish Emperours seat. A little lower downe the River Danubius there is Singidunum, which was taken by the Turke in the yeere 1439. In the midst betweene these two Citties, there is a Field famous for the victory of Hunniadus against M•homet the Turkish Emperour: they call this Field Maxons. This Battle was fought in the yeere 1456. Downe the River there are many places where the Christians have received many fatall overthrowes. The Citty Valpo was taken in the yeere 1543. Quinque Ecclesiae by Dravus in the yeere 1543. Zigetha was taken in the yeere 1566. Buda wee have mentioned before. Strigonium by Danubius, commonly called Gran, was heretofore an Archbishops seat, but it is now in the Turkes hands. Alba Regalis, or Stulweyssenburg, is famous in regard the Kings are crowned and buried here, it was taken in the yeere 1543. In the same Country there is Stridon, where Saint Hierom was borne. There is also the Citty Comara, in an Iland of the same name, which the Turkes in vaine attempted. Iaurinum, commonly called Raab is an impregnable Citty by the River Danubius. I passe by the other Townes. There are also in Hungaria many famous Lakes, the chiefe whereof is Balaton, which the Germanes call Platze, being 40. Italian miles broad, and 8. Hungarian miles. The chiefest Rivers are Danubius, Savus, Dravus, and Tibiscus, the three former are common to other Countries, but Tibiscus runneth onely thorow Hungary. It riseth in Maramusia, in the high cliffes of Carpatus, and for plenty of Fish it exceedeth all the Rivers in Hungary, for it hath abundance of all kindes of Fish, as great Pikes, Lampreys, and Sturgeons. There are also other Rivers besides these, which have great store of excellent Fish, as Trowts, Salmons, Perches, Lampreys, Barbels, and others, and those Rivers have gold veines in them. The chiefe Woods and Mountaines beyond Danubius, beginning from Austria and Moravia Lazius reckneth to bee Tarchzal, in Greeke Carpatus, which was heretofore so called from the Minerals in it, it stretcheth and extendeth it selfe thorow the Counties Turocensis, Arnensis, Liproviensis, Cappusiensis, Gewineriensis, and Sariensis, which the Inhabitants call by divers names, as den Vatter, den Munch, den Wurtgarten, den Schnepberg. The second River is Matran, which is planted with Vines neere Agria. The third and greatest of all is Erdel. There are many other Rivers, which for brevitie sake I omit, and so conclude Germany.</blockquote>

=== 1700. The merchants map of commerce by Roberts, Lewes. CHAP. CCXXXIV. Of Hungary, and the principal Cities thereof. ===
<blockquote>HUngary is bounded on the East with Transilvania and Valachia, on the West with Austria, on the North with Poland, on the South with Sclavonia, &c.

This Kingdom now stands divided between the Grand Seignior and the Hungarians: the Great Turk enjoys Buda, seated on Danubius, once the Metropolis of this Kingdom, and Court of the Kings; also Guilia Pest, Alba Regalis, called by them Wesenberg, next quinque Ecclesiae, Rab, and others of lesser note.

In the Hungarians possessions are these principal Cities, Presberg the present Metropolis of this Country; 2. Strigonium, 3. Agraria, 4. Comara in an Island of that name, 5. Tertax, 6. Cimista, 7. Segith, before which Solyman the Great Turk ended his days, and some others of lesser consequence.

This Country doth much abound in Cattel, sufficient to feed all Germany, the Store is so great, that they yearly sell to their Neighbours 80 or 100 Thousand Oxen; they have also some Copper and Tin, some quantity of Corn, Honey, Wax, and such like Commodities, and from hence to Constantinople, I have seen Hides, Butter, and Cheese, that in great abundance have come out of these parts through the Black-Sea. Further matter of Trade hath not remarkably faln into my hands; therefore for the current Coins of this Country, with their Weights and Measures in use, I must refer to the better experienced, and hence travel to Dacia, and the rest of those Provinces comprehended within that circuit.</blockquote>