Portugal - Revision history

Admin: /* 1682. Cosmography and geography in two parts by Richard Blome. */

2025-04-06T16:18:31Z

1682. Cosmography and geography in two parts by Richard Blome.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:18, 6 April 2025
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	*** Between the Rivers DOURO and TAJO; where are the Provinces of		*** Between the Rivers DOURO and TAJO; where are the Provinces of
	**** ESTREMADURA, which containeth the Almoxarifatz of		**** ESTREMADURA, which containeth the Almoxarifatz of
	***** Lisbona, — Lisbona.		***** Lisbona, — [[Lisbon\|Lisbona]].
	***** Santarein, Santarein.		***** Santarein, Santarein.
	***** Tomar, Tomar.		***** Tomar, Tomar.

Admin at 16:17, 6 April 2025

2025-04-06T16:17:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:17, 6 April 2025
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	<blockquote>PORTVGALL AND ALGARBIA. (Book Portugal)		<blockquote>PORTVGALL AND ALGARBIA. (Book Portugal)

	HItherto wee have described Spaine in generall, now our Method requireth that wee should decipher it in particular and by parts. Wee said in our generall Description,* 1.1 that it was diversly divided. But wee will make a faithfull Description of the parts of Spaine, in such order as it is delineated by Hondius. Hee describeth it in sixe Tables in this order. In the first Portugall is described: in the second Biscay, Guipuscoa, and Legio: in the third the New and Old Castiles: in the fourth Andalusia, in which is the Countrey of Hispalis and Gades: in the fifth is Valentia: and in the sixth is Aragon, and Catalonia. Portugall which offers it selfe in the first place, was anciently called Lusitania, and M. Varro and Plinte doe affirme, that it received this name from Lusus the Sonne of Liber, and Lysa who was drunke with him: for it was called Lusitania, as it were, the Countrey of Lusus. Marcianus thinketh, it was called Lusitania from a River which is now called Tagus. Some suppose it was called Portugall à Portu Gallorum, which is as much to say, as the Frenchmens Haven. But Andraeas Resendius,* 1.2 whose opinion other learned men doe follow, doth observe, that the name of Portugall is derived â Portu Cale. This Countrie, if wee consider the breadth thereof from the South Northward, is greater than Old Lusitania, but if wee consider the length from the West Eastward, it is lesser. Portugall at this day runneth forth Northward, beyond the meeting of the two Rivers Minius and Avia even to the Towne Ribadania, seated on that banke of Avia which looketh toward Gallicia, and a straight line being drawne from thence Eastward, it reacheth even to Miranda, seated upon the River Durius, and from thence toward the South to the Mouth of the River Ana, on that side where it bordereth on Castile, Estremadura, and Andaluzia; on the Northwest it looketh toward the Atlantick Ocean, so that the whole compasse thereof is thought to bee 879 miles.* 1.3 This countrie hath an excellent sweete and temperate Ayre, and a cleere and fruitfull Cli¦mate. It aboundeth with Wine, Oyle, Oranges, Pome-citernes,* 1.4 Almonds, Honey and Waxe. The fruite of this Countrie doth excell that which growes in others neere unto it. And though the Inhabitants have not out of their fields sufficient store of corne, to sustaine them with foode, yet there is much transported thither out of France and Germanie. This Countrie doth breede many living creatures, especially great store of Horses, and those so swift of foote, that they imagin'd them to bee begotten by the winde.* 1.5 The Kingdome of Portugall began about the yeare 1100, for at that time it became a part of Spaine. Chronicles doe mention, that the first of the Line of the Kings of Portugall was Henry Duke of Lotharingia, Earle of Limburg, (a man of a great courage and ready of hand) who removing into Spaine, married Tyresia the Daughter of Alphonsus the sixth King of Castile and Legio, and tooke for a Dowrie that part of Gallicia and Lusitania which is now called Portugall, and which not long before, by his owne valour, hee recovered and got from the Saracens and Moores. Hee dying about the yeare 1112, there succeeded him his Sonne Alphonsus, who calling himselfe Dake of Portugall, was enstiled King thereof by his whole Armie, in the yeare 1139, having obtained a victory against Ismarius, and foure other Kings of the Siracens and Moores, leaving to posteritie five Scutcheons for their Armes, in remembrance of that atchievement. There succeeded him almost in a right line, Sanctius, Alphonsus the 2, Sanctius the 3, Alphonsus the 3, Dionysius who first began to usurpe the title of the King of the s 1.6 Algarbians, also Alphonsus the fourth, Peter, Ferdinand, Iohn, Edward, Alphonsus the fifth surnamed Africanus, Iohn the 2, Emanuel, Iohn the 3, Sebastian slaine in Africk, Henry the Cardinall, and Antonius who because hee was a Bastard was expell'd, Philip the second King of Spaine, Nephew to Emanuel by Isabel his eldest Daughter, and Father to Philip the 3, whose Sonne Philip the 4 doth now reigne. The Metropolis of Portugall is Olisippo, as it is called in the ancient faithfull copies of M. Varro, Pliny, Antoninus, and Mela. For in vulgar writings it is written sometimes Olysippo, and sometimes t 1.7 Vlysippo, and divers other wayes: now it is called Lisbone, or, as the Inhabitants doe pronounce it, Lisboa. It is a great Towne of traffique, abounding with riches, and it is a famous store-house of forraine commodities, which are brought thither out of Asia, Africk, and America. It hath a pleasant and commodious situation almost at the mouth of the River Tagus: it is now very large, being built on five Hils, and as many Vales or descents, but heretofore it was lesse, being seated onely on one hill as some doe report. On that side which is toward the Sea it hath two and twentie Gates, and on that side which is toward the Continent it hath sixteene. It hath threescore and seventeene watch-Towres upon the wals. The Parish-churches are twenty five, besides many Chappels and Churches belonging to the Monkes, the Anachorets, and the Nunnes. The Cities beyond Tagus doe acknowledge Lisbone to be the Mother-citie, as Ebora (called by Ptolemie Ebura, and now commonly Evora) Begia, commonly called Bega or Beia, and heretofore Pax Iulia, by Antoninus and Ptolemie Setubal, heretofore named (as Clusius supposeth) Salacia: Also Alcasar de sal in the Countrie of Algarbia, and Almada, which Ptolemie cals Caetobrix, and Antoninus Caetobriga. Beyond Tagus not farre from Lisbone Northward the Towne of Cascala is seated: and as you come a litle neerer to the Citie you meete with a litle Towne called Bethleem. There are also Leria, Tomar, and Guarda, all Townes of note. Not farre from Tomar lyeth Ceice, which Antoninus calleth Celium: Also Alanguera by the River Tagus, which Damianus à Goes being his owne native Towne thinketh to be so called, quasi Alankerke, (that is) the Temple of the Alanes: It was heretofore called Ierabrica, but now Coimbra, and it was heretofore the head Citie of the Kingdome of Portugall. There is also the Towne Viseum, commonly called Viseo, Plinie calleth it Vacca, but now it is called Ponte Fouga. The third Councell of Toledo doth mention Lameca commonly called Lamego. Lastly Braga which lyeth betweene the Rivers Durius and Minius, it is now so called, though Ptolemie calleth it Bracar Augusta, Antoninus Braccara Augusta, and Plinie Augusta Bracarum. It is reported, that it was built by the Gaules, surnamed Braccati, in the yeare before Christs birth 290, and the Romans having conquered it, gave it the surname of Augusta. It was heretofore so famous, that here were the seven great Assemblies or Parliaments, which were kept and held in the hithermost Spaine, so that foure and twentie Cities, as Plinie reporteth, did bring their suits and causes hither to have them tried.* 1.8 The Rivers of this Countrie are Anas and Guadiana, Tagus or Taio, Mondego or Monda, Durius or Duero, and Minius or Mino: two of these being famous, to wit, Tagus and Durius.) Portugall on the West and South looketh toward the Atlantick Ocean, which,* 1.9 besides fish which it yeeldeth in great abundance, doth afford many other commodities. This Countrey is indebted unto, and receiveth all her plenty from the Sea, which she acknowledgeth, in so much, that it may more worthily be called the golden Sea, than golden flowing Nilus, because by the helpe hereof they have commodities imported and brought in from all parts of the earth, so that it standeth in need of nothing; and againe those commodities wherewith it aboundeth, it exporteth by shipping to traffique with forraine Countries. There is also (besides the Havens which wee mentioned before) the Haven of Setubal,* 1.10 Dubal, or Tubal, which lieth Southward from Olisippo or Lisbone. Heere are few Mountaines, and those not very great, as namely those which the Inhabitants call Sierra de Monchiquo:* 1.11 de Chaldecatao, de Sordedas, called heretofore the Mountaines of the Moone, &c. And these, for the most part, are full of woods and thickets. There are also very great and thick woods, in which the Princes of Spaine are wont to hunt.* 1.12 In the litle Towne of Bethleëm, there is a Temple dedicated to the holy Virgin Mary, and built very costly: also the Monument of Emanuel King of Portugall, whiche hee appointed to bee built in his owne life-time, yet was it afterward enriched and beautified by Iohn the third the Sonne of Emanuel. There are moreover in that part of Portugall which lyeth betweene Tagus & Durius (as Vasaeus writeth) besides the Metropolitan Church of Bracara, the Cathedrall Church in Portugall, and five other Collegiate Churches, more than an hundred and thirty Monasteries, the most of which have most large revenues, and about 1460 Parish-Churches. In that part which belongeth to the Church of Bracara there are reckoned eight hundred Parish-Curches, whereby you may easily collect and know the fertility of this Countrie. I doe not mention the Hospitals for strangers, for the diseased, and for Orphanes,* 1.13 the Towre the faire houses, the pleasant gardens, and Universities which are in this Kingdome, as namely Ebora and u 1.14 Coimbra or Conimbrica; the first was lately instituted by Henry Cardinall of Portugall, and President of the same Citie; the other also was lately instituted by Iohn the second King of Portugall. The Portugals are the strongest of all the Spaniards, the quickest, the most nimble, and light of body, so that they can easily pursue or retire from the enemie. Their disposition is to be proud and selfe-conceited of themselves,* 1.15 and their owne affaires; and they say themselves, that they live by opinion and conceit, that is, they sustaine themselves more with that which they thinke themselves to be, than with that which they truly are.* 1.16 They are skilfull in sea-matters, and are famous for their Navigations to unkowne parts of the world, where they grow rich by trading and merchandizing.		HItherto wee have described Spaine in generall, now our Method requireth that wee should decipher it in particular and by parts. Wee said in our generall Description,* 1.1 that it was diversly divided. But wee will make a faithfull Description of the parts of Spaine, in such order as it is delineated by Hondius. Hee describeth it in sixe Tables in this order. In the first Portugall is described: in the second Biscay, Guipuscoa, and Legio: in the third the New and Old Castiles: in the fourth Andalusia, in which is the Countrey of Hispalis and Gades: in the fifth is Valentia: and in the sixth is Aragon, and Catalonia. Portugall which offers it selfe in the first place, was anciently called Lusitania, and M. Varro and Plinte doe affirme, that it received this name from Lusus the Sonne of Liber, and Lysa who was drunke with him: for it was called Lusitania, as it were, the Countrey of Lusus. Marcianus thinketh, it was called Lusitania from a River which is now called Tagus. Some suppose it was called Portugall à Portu Gallorum, which is as much to say, as the Frenchmens Haven. But Andraeas Resendius,* 1.2 whose opinion other learned men doe follow, doth observe, that the name of Portugall is derived â Portu Cale. This Countrie, if wee consider the breadth thereof from the South Northward, is greater than Old Lusitania, but if wee consider the length from the West Eastward, it is lesser. Portugall at this day runneth forth Northward, beyond the meeting of the two Rivers Minius and Avia even to the Towne Ribadania, seated on that banke of Avia which looketh toward Gallicia, and a straight line being drawne from thence Eastward, it reacheth even to Miranda, seated upon the River Durius, and from thence toward the South to the Mouth of the River Ana, on that side where it bordereth on Castile, Estremadura, and Andaluzia; on the Northwest it looketh toward the Atlantick Ocean, so that the whole compasse thereof is thought to bee 879 miles.* 1.3 This countrie hath an excellent sweete and temperate Ayre, and a cleere and fruitfull Cli¦mate. It aboundeth with Wine, Oyle, Oranges, Pome-citernes,* 1.4 Almonds, Honey and Waxe. The fruite of this Countrie doth excell that which growes in others neere unto it. And though the Inhabitants have not out of their fields sufficient store of corne, to sustaine them with foode, yet there is much transported thither out of France and Germanie. This Countrie doth breede many living creatures, especially great store of Horses, and those so swift of foote, that they imagin'd them to bee begotten by the winde.* 1.5 The Kingdome of Portugall began about the yeare 1100, for at that time it became a part of Spaine. Chronicles doe mention, that the first of the Line of the Kings of Portugall was Henry Duke of Lotharingia, Earle of Limburg, (a man of a great courage and ready of hand) who removing into Spaine, married Tyresia the Daughter of Alphonsus the sixth King of Castile and Legio, and tooke for a Dowrie that part of Gallicia and Lusitania which is now called Portugall, and which not long before, by his owne valour, hee recovered and got from the Saracens and Moores. Hee dying about the yeare 1112, there succeeded him his Sonne Alphonsus, who calling himselfe Dake of Portugall, was enstiled King thereof by his whole Armie, in the yeare 1139, having obtained a victory against Ismarius, and foure other Kings of the Siracens and Moores, leaving to posteritie five Scutcheons for their Armes, in remembrance of that atchievement. There succeeded him almost in a right line, Sanctius, Alphonsus the 2, Sanctius the 3, Alphonsus the 3, Dionysius who first began to usurpe the title of the King of the s 1.6 Algarbians, also Alphonsus the fourth, Peter, Ferdinand, Iohn, Edward, Alphonsus the fifth surnamed Africanus, Iohn the 2, Emanuel, Iohn the 3, Sebastian slaine in Africk, Henry the Cardinall, and Antonius who because hee was a Bastard was expell'd, Philip the second King of Spaine, Nephew to Emanuel by Isabel his eldest Daughter, and Father to Philip the 3, whose Sonne Philip the 4 doth now reigne. The Metropolis of Portugall is Olisippo, as it is called in the ancient faithfull copies of M. Varro, Pliny, Antoninus, and Mela. For in vulgar writings it is written sometimes Olysippo, and sometimes t 1.7 Vlysippo, and divers other wayes: now it is called [[Lisbon\|Lisbone]], or, as the Inhabitants doe pronounce it, Lisboa. It is a great Towne of traffique, abounding with riches, and it is a famous store-house of forraine commodities, which are brought thither out of Asia, Africk, and America. It hath a pleasant and commodious situation almost at the mouth of the River Tagus: it is now very large, being built on five Hils, and as many Vales or descents, but heretofore it was lesse, being seated onely on one hill as some doe report. On that side which is toward the Sea it hath two and twentie Gates, and on that side which is toward the Continent it hath sixteene. It hath threescore and seventeene watch-Towres upon the wals. The Parish-churches are twenty five, besides many Chappels and Churches belonging to the Monkes, the Anachorets, and the Nunnes. The Cities beyond Tagus doe acknowledge Lisbone to be the Mother-citie, as Ebora (called by Ptolemie Ebura, and now commonly Evora) Begia, commonly called Bega or Beia, and heretofore Pax Iulia, by Antoninus and Ptolemie Setubal, heretofore named (as Clusius supposeth) Salacia: Also Alcasar de sal in the Countrie of Algarbia, and Almada, which Ptolemie cals Caetobrix, and Antoninus Caetobriga. Beyond Tagus not farre from Lisbone Northward the Towne of Cascala is seated: and as you come a litle neerer to the Citie you meete with a litle Towne called Bethleem. There are also Leria, Tomar, and Guarda, all Townes of note. Not farre from Tomar lyeth Ceice, which Antoninus calleth Celium: Also Alanguera by the River Tagus, which Damianus à Goes being his owne native Towne thinketh to be so called, quasi Alankerke, (that is) the Temple of the Alanes: It was heretofore called Ierabrica, but now Coimbra, and it was heretofore the head Citie of the Kingdome of Portugall. There is also the Towne Viseum, commonly called Viseo, Plinie calleth it Vacca, but now it is called Ponte Fouga. The third Councell of Toledo doth mention Lameca commonly called Lamego. Lastly Braga which lyeth betweene the Rivers Durius and Minius, it is now so called, though Ptolemie calleth it Bracar Augusta, Antoninus Braccara Augusta, and Plinie Augusta Bracarum. It is reported, that it was built by the Gaules, surnamed Braccati, in the yeare before Christs birth 290, and the Romans having conquered it, gave it the surname of Augusta. It was heretofore so famous, that here were the seven great Assemblies or Parliaments, which were kept and held in the hithermost Spaine, so that foure and twentie Cities, as Plinie reporteth, did bring their suits and causes hither to have them tried.* 1.8 The Rivers of this Countrie are Anas and Guadiana, Tagus or Taio, Mondego or Monda, Durius or Duero, and Minius or Mino: two of these being famous, to wit, Tagus and Durius.) Portugall on the West and South looketh toward the Atlantick Ocean, which,* 1.9 besides fish which it yeeldeth in great abundance, doth afford many other commodities. This Countrey is indebted unto, and receiveth all her plenty from the Sea, which she acknowledgeth, in so much, that it may more worthily be called the golden Sea, than golden flowing Nilus, because by the helpe hereof they have commodities imported and brought in from all parts of the earth, so that it standeth in need of nothing; and againe those commodities wherewith it aboundeth, it exporteth by shipping to traffique with forraine Countries. There is also (besides the Havens which wee mentioned before) the Haven of Setubal,* 1.10 Dubal, or Tubal, which lieth Southward from Olisippo or Lisbone. Heere are few Mountaines, and those not very great, as namely those which the Inhabitants call Sierra de Monchiquo:* 1.11 de Chaldecatao, de Sordedas, called heretofore the Mountaines of the Moone, &c. And these, for the most part, are full of woods and thickets. There are also very great and thick woods, in which the Princes of Spaine are wont to hunt.* 1.12 In the litle Towne of Bethleëm, there is a Temple dedicated to the holy Virgin Mary, and built very costly: also the Monument of Emanuel King of Portugall, whiche hee appointed to bee built in his owne life-time, yet was it afterward enriched and beautified by Iohn the third the Sonne of Emanuel. There are moreover in that part of Portugall which lyeth betweene Tagus & Durius (as Vasaeus writeth) besides the Metropolitan Church of Bracara, the Cathedrall Church in Portugall, and five other Collegiate Churches, more than an hundred and thirty Monasteries, the most of which have most large revenues, and about 1460 Parish-Churches. In that part which belongeth to the Church of Bracara there are reckoned eight hundred Parish-Curches, whereby you may easily collect and know the fertility of this Countrie. I doe not mention the Hospitals for strangers, for the diseased, and for Orphanes,* 1.13 the Towre the faire houses, the pleasant gardens, and Universities which are in this Kingdome, as namely Ebora and u 1.14 Coimbra or Conimbrica; the first was lately instituted by Henry Cardinall of Portugall, and President of the same Citie; the other also was lately instituted by Iohn the second King of Portugall. The Portugals are the strongest of all the Spaniards, the quickest, the most nimble, and light of body, so that they can easily pursue or retire from the enemie. Their disposition is to be proud and selfe-conceited of themselves,* 1.15 and their owne affaires; and they say themselves, that they live by opinion and conceit, that is, they sustaine themselves more with that which they thinke themselves to be, than with that which they truly are.* 1.16 They are skilfull in sea-matters, and are famous for their Navigations to unkowne parts of the world, where they grow rich by trading and merchandizing.

	Under Portugall at this time is the Kingdome of Algarbia.* 1.17 It taketh its name from the Arabick tongue, and doth signifie a happie and plentifull Field or Medow, in which are all things necessarie for traffique. A straight line drawne from the River Anas betweene the Rivers which are commonly called Vataon, and Carei-vas to the litle Towne Odeseiza,* 1.18 that is, from the East Westward, doth separate from Portugall this Kingdome of Algarbia, which is the least and unnoted'st Kingdome of all Spaine. There are carried hither out of divers parts of Spaine, downe the River Anas all sorts of Wines, Sacks, Bastards, Roman Wine, and others of the like sorts, which being shipped, are transported into France, the Low-Countries, and other parts. It hath in it the Townes of Balsa, (so called by Ptolemie, Plinie, Antoninus, and Pomponius Mela,* 1.19 but now Tavila, as Coquus supposeth) and Ossonoba, so called by Plinie & Antoninus; it is called also by Pliny Lusturia, by Ptolemy Ossonaba, by Pinetus Gibraleon, by Clusius Exuba, by Varrerius Estombar, as also by Moralis, and it is thought to bee the same which is now called Silvis or Selves. There was also in the same place neere the Holy Promontory the Citie which Pomponius calleth Lacobriga, the ruines whereof are yet to be seene neere the Sea-Towne Lagos, at a Village which is called in the Portugall language Lagoa, as Vasaeus writeth. Algarbia at the first was given in dowry by Alphonsus the 10 King of Legio or Leon, (as ancient Annals doe report) unto Alphonsus the third King of Portugall,* 1.20 when hee married his daughter Beatrice, which hee begate on a whore. Dionysius was derived from this marriage, who first of all began to usurpe the title of King of Algarbia. But thus much shall suffice concerning Portugall & Algarbia, I passe to the other parts of Spaine.</blockquote>		Under Portugall at this time is the Kingdome of Algarbia.* 1.17 It taketh its name from the Arabick tongue, and doth signifie a happie and plentifull Field or Medow, in which are all things necessarie for traffique. A straight line drawne from the River Anas betweene the Rivers which are commonly called Vataon, and Carei-vas to the litle Towne Odeseiza,* 1.18 that is, from the East Westward, doth separate from Portugall this Kingdome of Algarbia, which is the least and unnoted'st Kingdome of all Spaine. There are carried hither out of divers parts of Spaine, downe the River Anas all sorts of Wines, Sacks, Bastards, Roman Wine, and others of the like sorts, which being shipped, are transported into France, the Low-Countries, and other parts. It hath in it the Townes of Balsa, (so called by Ptolemie, Plinie, Antoninus, and Pomponius Mela,* 1.19 but now Tavila, as Coquus supposeth) and Ossonoba, so called by Plinie & Antoninus; it is called also by Pliny Lusturia, by Ptolemy Ossonaba, by Pinetus Gibraleon, by Clusius Exuba, by Varrerius Estombar, as also by Moralis, and it is thought to bee the same which is now called Silvis or Selves. There was also in the same place neere the Holy Promontory the Citie which Pomponius calleth Lacobriga, the ruines whereof are yet to be seene neere the Sea-Towne Lagos, at a Village which is called in the Portugall language Lagoa, as Vasaeus writeth. Algarbia at the first was given in dowry by Alphonsus the 10 King of Legio or Leon, (as ancient Annals doe report) unto Alphonsus the third King of Portugall,* 1.20 when hee married his daughter Beatrice, which hee begate on a whore. Dionysius was derived from this marriage, who first of all began to usurpe the title of King of Algarbia. But thus much shall suffice concerning Portugall & Algarbia, I passe to the other parts of Spaine.</blockquote>

Admin: /* 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. */

2025-04-06T15:10:30Z

1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome.

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:10, 6 April 2025
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	== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. ==		=== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. ===
	<blockquote>Portugal, a Kingdom in Europe, inclosed by Spain on all sides, except where it opens to the Western Ocean.</blockquote>		<blockquote>Portugal, a Kingdom in Europe, inclosed by Spain on all sides, except where it opens to the Western Ocean.</blockquote>

	== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ==		=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===
	<blockquote>Portugal, Lusitania, Portugallia, a Kingdom on the West of Spain: bounded on the West by the Atlantick Ocean, on the South by Algarve, (which is annexed to this Kingdom); on the East by Andalusia, Extremadura and Leon; and on the North by Gallicia. It lies on the Sea Coast from North to South four hundred Miles; not above one hundred where broadest, and eighty in the narrower places; eight hundred and seventy nine in Compass. Divided into five Provinces, to wit, Entre Douero è Minho, Tra los Montes, Beira, Estremadura, and Alentejo or Entre Tejo è Guadiana; whereunto was added Algarve, under Alphonsus III. with the Title of a Kingdom. The principal Rivers are those four expressed in the Names of the Provinces, Douero, Minho, Tajo and Guadiana, which furnish the Kingdom with very convenient Ports. It was anciently called Lusitania, from the the Lusitani its first Inhabitants; and took the present Name about the fifth Century, from Poriocale, a celebrated Mart. The Air is generally healthful; the Earth Hilly and Barren, especially as to Corn, which is much of it imported from France. But it yields Wine, Fruits, Fish, Game, Salt, Horses, and Mines. And is so very populous about Spain, especially towards the Sea, that they reckon more than four hundred Cities, or great privileged Towns; three Archbishopricks, ten Bishopricks, and above four thousand Parishes. This Kingdom is said to be founded by one Henry Earl of Lorain about 1099. For this Prince having shewn much Gallantry in the Wars against the Moors, was by Alphonsus VI. King of Castile, rewarded with the Marriage of Teresia (a Natural Daughter of his,) and a part of this Kingdom, with the Title of an Earl. The Son of this Henry, (Alphonsus I.) having in 1139. in the Battel of Obrique defeated five Moorish Kings, assumed the Title of King. This Prince assembled the Estates of his Kingdom at Lamego, in the Province of Beira: who there passed a Law called the Law or Statute of Lamego, for the exclusion of Strangers from the Crown, which remains in full force to this day. His Posterity enjoyed this Kingdom; and very much inlarged it by Victories against the Moors at home, and by the Discovery of several unknown Countries abroad, for seventeen Descents. Amongst which, John I. styled the Father of his Country, succeeded in 1385. tho only the Natural Son of Peter I. the King, save one, immediately preceding his ascension. But Sebastian a young Prince (who succeeded King John III. in 1557.) perishing in a Battel in Africa, in 1580. and Henry dying soon after, (who was a Church-man, very old when he came to the Crown;) Philip II. King of Spain obtained this Kingdom by force, and a pretended Title in 1584. After whom Philip III. and IV. successively enjoyed it. But in 1640. John Duke of Braganza, who had a better Title, encouraged by the unsupportableness of the Spanish Government to the Portugueze, by an universal Revolt of the people in all parts, ejected the Spaniards and assumed the Kingdom: succeeded in it by two of his Sons; the youngest of which, Peter, is now King of Portugal, and the second of his Name.</blockquote>		<blockquote>Portugal, Lusitania, Portugallia, a Kingdom on the West of Spain: bounded on the West by the Atlantick Ocean, on the South by Algarve, (which is annexed to this Kingdom); on the East by Andalusia, Extremadura and Leon; and on the North by Gallicia. It lies on the Sea Coast from North to South four hundred Miles; not above one hundred where broadest, and eighty in the narrower places; eight hundred and seventy nine in Compass. Divided into five Provinces, to wit, Entre Douero è Minho, Tra los Montes, Beira, Estremadura, and Alentejo or Entre Tejo è Guadiana; whereunto was added Algarve, under Alphonsus III. with the Title of a Kingdom. The principal Rivers are those four expressed in the Names of the Provinces, Douero, Minho, Tajo and Guadiana, which furnish the Kingdom with very convenient Ports. It was anciently called Lusitania, from the the Lusitani its first Inhabitants; and took the present Name about the fifth Century, from Poriocale, a celebrated Mart. The Air is generally healthful; the Earth Hilly and Barren, especially as to Corn, which is much of it imported from France. But it yields Wine, Fruits, Fish, Game, Salt, Horses, and Mines. And is so very populous about Spain, especially towards the Sea, that they reckon more than four hundred Cities, or great privileged Towns; three Archbishopricks, ten Bishopricks, and above four thousand Parishes. This Kingdom is said to be founded by one Henry Earl of Lorain about 1099. For this Prince having shewn much Gallantry in the Wars against the Moors, was by Alphonsus VI. King of Castile, rewarded with the Marriage of Teresia (a Natural Daughter of his,) and a part of this Kingdom, with the Title of an Earl. The Son of this Henry, (Alphonsus I.) having in 1139. in the Battel of Obrique defeated five Moorish Kings, assumed the Title of King. This Prince assembled the Estates of his Kingdom at Lamego, in the Province of Beira: who there passed a Law called the Law or Statute of Lamego, for the exclusion of Strangers from the Crown, which remains in full force to this day. His Posterity enjoyed this Kingdom; and very much inlarged it by Victories against the Moors at home, and by the Discovery of several unknown Countries abroad, for seventeen Descents. Amongst which, John I. styled the Father of his Country, succeeded in 1385. tho only the Natural Son of Peter I. the King, save one, immediately preceding his ascension. But Sebastian a young Prince (who succeeded King John III. in 1557.) perishing in a Battel in Africa, in 1580. and Henry dying soon after, (who was a Church-man, very old when he came to the Crown;) Philip II. King of Spain obtained this Kingdom by force, and a pretended Title in 1584. After whom Philip III. and IV. successively enjoyed it. But in 1640. John Duke of Braganza, who had a better Title, encouraged by the unsupportableness of the Spanish Government to the Portugueze, by an universal Revolt of the people in all parts, ejected the Spaniards and assumed the Kingdom: succeeded in it by two of his Sons; the youngest of which, Peter, is now King of Portugal, and the second of his Name.</blockquote>

	== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ==		=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===
	<blockquote>Portugal, an Hereditary Kingdom of Europe, in the Western part of Spain, comprehending part of the ancient Lusitania, and part of the ancient Callaicans, Callaici Braccarii that dwelt in the Province called now Tra los Montes. It's one of the least Kingdoms in Europe, but considerable for its Wealth and Fertility; being about an hundred and ten French Leagues in length, and about fifty over where 'tis broadest; has Gallicia to the North, from which 'tis separated by the River Minho, to the South and West, the Sea, Castile, Leo, Estremadura and Andaluzia to the East. It's divided into five parts or Provinces, which are, Entre-Doura and Minho beyond the Mountains; Piera, Estremadura, or Estremadura Portughesa, and Alentejo or Entre Tejo and Guadiana; to which appertains also the little Kingdom of Algarva that gives Title to the eldest Sons of the Kings of Portugal. This Country is watered with a great many curious Rivers, whereof there are four very considerable ones, to wit, the Minho, the Douro, the Tagus, and the Guadiana. The Portuguese are strong in the East Indies, &c. are possest also of Brasil in America, the Molucca's, several places in the Gulf of Bengala; the Azores, Madera's, the Islands of Cape Verd Ceuta; and Mazagan in Africa, the Fortresses of Mina and Arquin upon the Coasts of Guinee, with some others along the Coasts of Congo and Angola, Sofala and Mozambequet beyond the Cape of good hope. The Kingdom of Portugal has very good Ports, abounds with excellent Wine, Fruit, Fish, Game, Salt, Horses, &c. There are also some Mines, for it's certain, that the Romans came formerly for Gold to Portugal, as the Portuguese now seek it in the Indies. It's very well peopled, especially towards the Coasts, there being above 600 Towns and privileged Boroughs which contain 4000 Parishes; Lisbonne is the chief Town, the other, which are most considerable, are Evora, Braga, Coimbra, Elvas, Beja, Porto, Bragance, Portalegre, Visieu, Guarda, Miranda de Douro, with a great many other. Of these Lisbonne, Bragua and Evora are Archbishops Sees which have ten Bishopricks under 'em. It's a very populous Kingdom, especially towards the Sea-side, the Capital City whereof is Lisbonne. The Moors were Masters of it a long time; but Henry of Burgundy took it from them, and by his marriage with Tersa, the natural Daughter of Alphonso VI. King of Castile, became peaceable possessor of it. There is a Law in this Country that excludes all Foreign Princes from the Crown, which Law they would have once dispensed with in behalf of a marriage to be consummated between the Infanta Elizabeth Maria Lovisa with Victor Amadeus Francis Duke of Savoy; but Bastard Sons are capable of succeeding. Philip II. King of Spain in the year 1580, finding the Portuguese uneasie under the Government of Don Antonio, who had taken the Quality of King upon him, because of his mean descent by his Mother's side, was unwilling to neglect so favourable an opportunity of usurping Portugal, and so sent thither the Duke of Alva with a powerfull Army, who defeated Antonio at the Battle of Alcantara; but the Portuguese shook off the Spanish Yoke in 1640, and chose John Duke of Braganza for their King, which Revolution was so well managed, and with so much secrecy, that all the places which the Portuguese had in all the four quarters of the Earth, shook off the Dominion of Spain in one day, except the little Town of Ceura in Africa alone. The chief motives of the great Revolution were, That the King of Spain allowed other People to trade to the East Indies as well as the Portuguese; his Exactions and the Tax of five per cent. which he imposed upon all the Merchandises of the Kingdom. The Portuguese are proud, haughty, good Soldiers, great lovers of their King; the Roman Catholick Religion is only tolerated in their Dominion. They have Inquisitions at Lisbonne, Coimbra and Evora, Parliaments at Lisbonne and Porto, Generalities called Comarques, and Almaxarifats in 27 other places. Besides the Royal Council the Portugueses have other Tribunals, as that of the Finances, La Mesada Conscientia or Council of Conscience, Council of War, &c. King John IV. established a Tribunal against those that should be accused of discovering the Secrets of the State to Enemies, or that in any other way should assist their undertakings. The Kings of Portugal are great Masters of the Order of Christ that reside at Tomar, of that of Avis and St. James, which have their Residence at Palmella near Setuval. They take these Titles, King of Portugal, of the Algarves, of both sides of the Sea of Africa, Lord of Guinee, Master of the Navigation and Commerce of Aethiopia, Arabia, Persia and the Indies. * When the Portuguese discovered the Passage into the East Indies by the Cape of Good Hope, tho' the Venetians sent their Ship-Carpenters to the Sultan of Egypt with all things that were necessary to build a Fleet of Ships on the Red Sea, to out 'em of the Trade of the Indies, yet they engrossed it, that the Spices, Jewels, Gold, Callico's, Silks and Druggs of that Country pass'd by Portugal into Europe, which made it the richest traded Kingdom in that part of the World: Being beat out of this by the English and Hollanders, they supported themselves by the Sugar and Tabaco trade of Brasil, but the Dutch having ruin'd the Sugar Plantations in the tedious War that begun in 1640, and the English raised theirs in Barbado's and Jamaica to perfection, and the Tabaco Trade in Virginia, Portugal lost all hers, and is become the weakest and poorest Kingdom in all Europe. Resend. Ant. Lusit. Antonio de Sousa. Excellent. de Portug. Bernardin S. Antonio. Descript. Portug. Gaspard Estazo. Antiq. de Portug. &c.</blockquote>		<blockquote>Portugal, an Hereditary Kingdom of Europe, in the Western part of Spain, comprehending part of the ancient Lusitania, and part of the ancient Callaicans, Callaici Braccarii that dwelt in the Province called now Tra los Montes. It's one of the least Kingdoms in Europe, but considerable for its Wealth and Fertility; being about an hundred and ten French Leagues in length, and about fifty over where 'tis broadest; has Gallicia to the North, from which 'tis separated by the River Minho, to the South and West, the Sea, Castile, Leo, Estremadura and Andaluzia to the East. It's divided into five parts or Provinces, which are, Entre-Doura and Minho beyond the Mountains; Piera, Estremadura, or Estremadura Portughesa, and Alentejo or Entre Tejo and Guadiana; to which appertains also the little Kingdom of Algarva that gives Title to the eldest Sons of the Kings of Portugal. This Country is watered with a great many curious Rivers, whereof there are four very considerable ones, to wit, the Minho, the Douro, the Tagus, and the Guadiana. The Portuguese are strong in the East Indies, &c. are possest also of Brasil in America, the Molucca's, several places in the Gulf of Bengala; the Azores, Madera's, the Islands of Cape Verd Ceuta; and Mazagan in Africa, the Fortresses of Mina and Arquin upon the Coasts of Guinee, with some others along the Coasts of Congo and Angola, Sofala and Mozambequet beyond the Cape of good hope. The Kingdom of Portugal has very good Ports, abounds with excellent Wine, Fruit, Fish, Game, Salt, Horses, &c. There are also some Mines, for it's certain, that the Romans came formerly for Gold to Portugal, as the Portuguese now seek it in the Indies. It's very well peopled, especially towards the Coasts, there being above 600 Towns and privileged Boroughs which contain 4000 Parishes; Lisbonne is the chief Town, the other, which are most considerable, are Evora, Braga, Coimbra, Elvas, Beja, Porto, Bragance, Portalegre, Visieu, Guarda, Miranda de Douro, with a great many other. Of these Lisbonne, Bragua and Evora are Archbishops Sees which have ten Bishopricks under 'em. It's a very populous Kingdom, especially towards the Sea-side, the Capital City whereof is Lisbonne. The Moors were Masters of it a long time; but Henry of Burgundy took it from them, and by his marriage with Tersa, the natural Daughter of Alphonso VI. King of Castile, became peaceable possessor of it. There is a Law in this Country that excludes all Foreign Princes from the Crown, which Law they would have once dispensed with in behalf of a marriage to be consummated between the Infanta Elizabeth Maria Lovisa with Victor Amadeus Francis Duke of Savoy; but Bastard Sons are capable of succeeding. Philip II. King of Spain in the year 1580, finding the Portuguese uneasie under the Government of Don Antonio, who had taken the Quality of King upon him, because of his mean descent by his Mother's side, was unwilling to neglect so favourable an opportunity of usurping Portugal, and so sent thither the Duke of Alva with a powerfull Army, who defeated Antonio at the Battle of Alcantara; but the Portuguese shook off the Spanish Yoke in 1640, and chose John Duke of Braganza for their King, which Revolution was so well managed, and with so much secrecy, that all the places which the Portuguese had in all the four quarters of the Earth, shook off the Dominion of Spain in one day, except the little Town of Ceura in Africa alone. The chief motives of the great Revolution were, That the King of Spain allowed other People to trade to the East Indies as well as the Portuguese; his Exactions and the Tax of five per cent. which he imposed upon all the Merchandises of the Kingdom. The Portuguese are proud, haughty, good Soldiers, great lovers of their King; the Roman Catholick Religion is only tolerated in their Dominion. They have Inquisitions at Lisbonne, Coimbra and Evora, Parliaments at Lisbonne and Porto, Generalities called Comarques, and Almaxarifats in 27 other places. Besides the Royal Council the Portugueses have other Tribunals, as that of the Finances, La Mesada Conscientia or Council of Conscience, Council of War, &c. King John IV. established a Tribunal against those that should be accused of discovering the Secrets of the State to Enemies, or that in any other way should assist their undertakings. The Kings of Portugal are great Masters of the Order of Christ that reside at Tomar, of that of Avis and St. James, which have their Residence at Palmella near Setuval. They take these Titles, King of Portugal, of the Algarves, of both sides of the Sea of Africa, Lord of Guinee, Master of the Navigation and Commerce of Aethiopia, Arabia, Persia and the Indies. * When the Portuguese discovered the Passage into the East Indies by the Cape of Good Hope, tho' the Venetians sent their Ship-Carpenters to the Sultan of Egypt with all things that were necessary to build a Fleet of Ships on the Red Sea, to out 'em of the Trade of the Indies, yet they engrossed it, that the Spices, Jewels, Gold, Callico's, Silks and Druggs of that Country pass'd by Portugal into Europe, which made it the richest traded Kingdom in that part of the World: Being beat out of this by the English and Hollanders, they supported themselves by the Sugar and Tabaco trade of Brasil, but the Dutch having ruin'd the Sugar Plantations in the tedious War that begun in 1640, and the English raised theirs in Barbado's and Jamaica to perfection, and the Tabaco Trade in Virginia, Portugal lost all hers, and is become the weakest and poorest Kingdom in all Europe. Resend. Ant. Lusit. Antonio de Sousa. Excellent. de Portug. Bernardin S. Antonio. Descript. Portug. Gaspard Estazo. Antiq. de Portug. &c.</blockquote>

			=== 1694. The present state of the universe by John Beaumont. ===
			<blockquote>The House of Portugal. (Book Portugal)

			I. TOward the latter end of the eleventh Century, Alphonso the Sixth, King of Castile, had very frequent and bloody Wars with the Moors, in which a certain Prince, named Henry, descended (as some say) from the House of Burgundy (as others) from that of Lorain, was chiefly signalized for his Valour, and good Services to the Crown. King Alphonso in reward of this Merit, gave him Portugal, then lately recovered from the Moors, under the Title of an Earldom, together with his Daughter Teresa to Wife; yet with this condition, that he should continue a Vassal to Castile. This Prince's Son was Alphonso the First, who throwing off the Spanish Yoke, and having subdued several petty Kings of the Moors, caused himself to be proclaimed King of Portugal in the year 1139. His great Grandson Alphonso the Third, King of Portugal, had Algarve given him in Dowry with his Queen, the Princess Beatrix, Daughter of Alphonso the Tenth, King of Castile, whence the eldest Son of Portugal is always called Prince of Algarve. Of this Family the present King of Portugal is descended. Indeed Philip the Second, King of Spain, on some pretences, made himself Master of the Kingdom of Portugal by Force of Arms, ann. 1580, but 'twas again lost by his Grandson ann. 1640; for the Portuguese, actually rejecting the Spanish Yoke, elected John, Duke of Braganza, descended, as above, to be their King; in whose Line the Kingdom continues. What particularly contributed to the Renunciation the Portuguese made to the King of Spain, ann. 1640, was the permission that King gave to others beside themselves to trade to the East Indies; and the Tax he imposed of the fifth peny on all their Merchandizes, and other Revenues. Its remarkable, that the Deliberation of shaking off the Spanish Yoak, was kept private above a year betwixt two hundred persons.

			Don Pedro, of the House of Braganza, King of Portugal and Algarve, was born 1648. His elder Brother, Don Alphonso the Sixth, King of Portugal, &c. ann. 1667, married the Lady Mary-Frances Elizabeth, or Isabella, Daughter to Charles Amadeus of Savoy, Duke of Nemours. She was born June the Twenty first, 1648. and after sixteen months living with Don Alphonso, she obtained a Declaration of Nullity of her Marriage with him, retired to a Cloister. And ann. 1669, Don Alphonso was deposed, as judged incapable either of a second Marriage, or of the Government, and sent the year following to the Tercera Island, where he died in the year 1683. Now the present King upon his Brother Alphonso's being deposed, was presently declared Prince Regent, and after his death King of Portugal; and by a Dipensation, from the Pope, married his Sister-in-Law abovementioned. The Cardinal Deacon, Louis de Vendôme, in quality of universal Legat, à Latere, gave them the Dispensation under Pope Clement the Ninth. Abbot Bon-Filz, the Secretary to the Legation, has set forth the particulars, and the Conferences he had with his Holiness, at the end of the Transaction.

			The King had by this Queen a Daughter, named Mary Elizabeth, who was born ann. 1669, and died ann. 1690. And the Queen her self dying Dec. 27. 1683. the King. ann. 1687 took to Wife the Lady Mary-Sophia-Elizabeth, Daughter of Philip-William, Elector Palatine, who was born Aug. 6. 1666, and Aug. 30. 1688, was brought to Bed of a young Prince, who died Sept. 3. in the same year. And in Octob. 1689, she was brought to Bed of another Prince, named John, Prince of Bresil.

			The King of Portugal has but one Sister living, viz. Donna-Catharina, the Queen Dowager of England, concerning whom, see in the Head of England.

			II. He bears Argent, five Escutcheons Azure, placed Crosswise, each charged with as many Besants of the first, placed in Saltier, and pointed Sable for Portugal. The Shield bordered Gules, charged with seven Towers Or, three in Chief, and two in each Flanch. The Crest is a Crown Or, which is the Crest of Portugal. Under the two Flanches and the Base of the Shield appear the Ends of two Crosses, the first Flower de luc'd Verte, which is for the Order of Avis. The second Pattee Gules, which is for the Order of Christ. The five Escutcheons were born in memory of five Kings, whom Alphonso the first King, slew at the Battel of Obrique, ann. 1139. The Border with the Towers or Castles were added by Alphonso the Third, on his Investiture into the Kingdom of Algarve, by Alphonso the Tenth of Castile ann. 1257, whose Daughter Beatrix he then married, and so conceived himself to have some Relation to the Arms of that Kingdom. This King's Livery is of a Green Colour. He professes the Roman Religion, and uses the Portuguese Language, which is a Dialect of the Spanish.

			III. Lisbon, seated on the River Tagus, is the Capital City of the Kingdom, and the place where his Majesty keeps his Court. Its seven miles in compass, and contains above thirty Parishes, and above thirty thousand Houses. The Portuguese have this Proverb, He that has not seen Lisbon, has not seen a fine thing. The Buildings are neat and elegant, and there are seventy six Turrets or Towers on the City Wall, and twenty two Gates towards the Sea shore, &c. Its the Staple for the Commodities for all the Kingdom, and thought to be worth more than the whole Realm besides: and doubtless the Revenues which accrue to the King from hence, and from his Foreign Plantations are very considerable.</blockquote>

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	FARO, Cuneus Ager, or Pharus, is the Capital City of the small Kingdom of Algarve, and hath a convenient Harbour to the South, being also erected into an Episcopal See, under the Metropolitan of Evora, ever since the Year 1590, when that of Sylves was translated thither. It is distant 34 miles from the Mouth of the River Guadiana to the West, 17 West of Paritra, 33 East from Lagos, and 95 South of Eura. The excellent Wines call'd Dry Bastard and Roman, and made here, are very much esteem'd; and the adjacent Countries on the Sea-coasts are extremely fertile in Olives, Figs, Raisins and Cork. This Kingdom took its Name from the Moors and Arabians, the word Algarve signifying an happy and fruitful Soil, which affords every thing necessary for the Support of Humane Life.</blockquote>		FARO, Cuneus Ager, or Pharus, is the Capital City of the small Kingdom of Algarve, and hath a convenient Harbour to the South, being also erected into an Episcopal See, under the Metropolitan of Evora, ever since the Year 1590, when that of Sylves was translated thither. It is distant 34 miles from the Mouth of the River Guadiana to the West, 17 West of Paritra, 33 East from Lagos, and 95 South of Eura. The excellent Wines call'd Dry Bastard and Roman, and made here, are very much esteem'd; and the adjacent Countries on the Sea-coasts are extremely fertile in Olives, Figs, Raisins and Cork. This Kingdom took its Name from the Moors and Arabians, the word Algarve signifying an happy and fruitful Soil, which affords every thing necessary for the Support of Humane Life.</blockquote>


			== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. ==
			<blockquote>Portugal, a Kingdom in Europe, inclosed by Spain on all sides, except where it opens to the Western Ocean.</blockquote>

			== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ==
			<blockquote>Portugal, Lusitania, Portugallia, a Kingdom on the West of Spain: bounded on the West by the Atlantick Ocean, on the South by Algarve, (which is annexed to this Kingdom); on the East by Andalusia, Extremadura and Leon; and on the North by Gallicia. It lies on the Sea Coast from North to South four hundred Miles; not above one hundred where broadest, and eighty in the narrower places; eight hundred and seventy nine in Compass. Divided into five Provinces, to wit, Entre Douero è Minho, Tra los Montes, Beira, Estremadura, and Alentejo or Entre Tejo è Guadiana; whereunto was added Algarve, under Alphonsus III. with the Title of a Kingdom. The principal Rivers are those four expressed in the Names of the Provinces, Douero, Minho, Tajo and Guadiana, which furnish the Kingdom with very convenient Ports. It was anciently called Lusitania, from the the Lusitani its first Inhabitants; and took the present Name about the fifth Century, from Poriocale, a celebrated Mart. The Air is generally healthful; the Earth Hilly and Barren, especially as to Corn, which is much of it imported from France. But it yields Wine, Fruits, Fish, Game, Salt, Horses, and Mines. And is so very populous about Spain, especially towards the Sea, that they reckon more than four hundred Cities, or great privileged Towns; three Archbishopricks, ten Bishopricks, and above four thousand Parishes. This Kingdom is said to be founded by one Henry Earl of Lorain about 1099. For this Prince having shewn much Gallantry in the Wars against the Moors, was by Alphonsus VI. King of Castile, rewarded with the Marriage of Teresia (a Natural Daughter of his,) and a part of this Kingdom, with the Title of an Earl. The Son of this Henry, (Alphonsus I.) having in 1139. in the Battel of Obrique defeated five Moorish Kings, assumed the Title of King. This Prince assembled the Estates of his Kingdom at Lamego, in the Province of Beira: who there passed a Law called the Law or Statute of Lamego, for the exclusion of Strangers from the Crown, which remains in full force to this day. His Posterity enjoyed this Kingdom; and very much inlarged it by Victories against the Moors at home, and by the Discovery of several unknown Countries abroad, for seventeen Descents. Amongst which, John I. styled the Father of his Country, succeeded in 1385. tho only the Natural Son of Peter I. the King, save one, immediately preceding his ascension. But Sebastian a young Prince (who succeeded King John III. in 1557.) perishing in a Battel in Africa, in 1580. and Henry dying soon after, (who was a Church-man, very old when he came to the Crown;) Philip II. King of Spain obtained this Kingdom by force, and a pretended Title in 1584. After whom Philip III. and IV. successively enjoyed it. But in 1640. John Duke of Braganza, who had a better Title, encouraged by the unsupportableness of the Spanish Government to the Portugueze, by an universal Revolt of the people in all parts, ejected the Spaniards and assumed the Kingdom: succeeded in it by two of his Sons; the youngest of which, Peter, is now King of Portugal, and the second of his Name.</blockquote>

			== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ==
			<blockquote>Portugal, an Hereditary Kingdom of Europe, in the Western part of Spain, comprehending part of the ancient Lusitania, and part of the ancient Callaicans, Callaici Braccarii that dwelt in the Province called now Tra los Montes. It's one of the least Kingdoms in Europe, but considerable for its Wealth and Fertility; being about an hundred and ten French Leagues in length, and about fifty over where 'tis broadest; has Gallicia to the North, from which 'tis separated by the River Minho, to the South and West, the Sea, Castile, Leo, Estremadura and Andaluzia to the East. It's divided into five parts or Provinces, which are, Entre-Doura and Minho beyond the Mountains; Piera, Estremadura, or Estremadura Portughesa, and Alentejo or Entre Tejo and Guadiana; to which appertains also the little Kingdom of Algarva that gives Title to the eldest Sons of the Kings of Portugal. This Country is watered with a great many curious Rivers, whereof there are four very considerable ones, to wit, the Minho, the Douro, the Tagus, and the Guadiana. The Portuguese are strong in the East Indies, &c. are possest also of Brasil in America, the Molucca's, several places in the Gulf of Bengala; the Azores, Madera's, the Islands of Cape Verd Ceuta; and Mazagan in Africa, the Fortresses of Mina and Arquin upon the Coasts of Guinee, with some others along the Coasts of Congo and Angola, Sofala and Mozambequet beyond the Cape of good hope. The Kingdom of Portugal has very good Ports, abounds with excellent Wine, Fruit, Fish, Game, Salt, Horses, &c. There are also some Mines, for it's certain, that the Romans came formerly for Gold to Portugal, as the Portuguese now seek it in the Indies. It's very well peopled, especially towards the Coasts, there being above 600 Towns and privileged Boroughs which contain 4000 Parishes; Lisbonne is the chief Town, the other, which are most considerable, are Evora, Braga, Coimbra, Elvas, Beja, Porto, Bragance, Portalegre, Visieu, Guarda, Miranda de Douro, with a great many other. Of these Lisbonne, Bragua and Evora are Archbishops Sees which have ten Bishopricks under 'em. It's a very populous Kingdom, especially towards the Sea-side, the Capital City whereof is Lisbonne. The Moors were Masters of it a long time; but Henry of Burgundy took it from them, and by his marriage with Tersa, the natural Daughter of Alphonso VI. King of Castile, became peaceable possessor of it. There is a Law in this Country that excludes all Foreign Princes from the Crown, which Law they would have once dispensed with in behalf of a marriage to be consummated between the Infanta Elizabeth Maria Lovisa with Victor Amadeus Francis Duke of Savoy; but Bastard Sons are capable of succeeding. Philip II. King of Spain in the year 1580, finding the Portuguese uneasie under the Government of Don Antonio, who had taken the Quality of King upon him, because of his mean descent by his Mother's side, was unwilling to neglect so favourable an opportunity of usurping Portugal, and so sent thither the Duke of Alva with a powerfull Army, who defeated Antonio at the Battle of Alcantara; but the Portuguese shook off the Spanish Yoke in 1640, and chose John Duke of Braganza for their King, which Revolution was so well managed, and with so much secrecy, that all the places which the Portuguese had in all the four quarters of the Earth, shook off the Dominion of Spain in one day, except the little Town of Ceura in Africa alone. The chief motives of the great Revolution were, That the King of Spain allowed other People to trade to the East Indies as well as the Portuguese; his Exactions and the Tax of five per cent. which he imposed upon all the Merchandises of the Kingdom. The Portuguese are proud, haughty, good Soldiers, great lovers of their King; the Roman Catholick Religion is only tolerated in their Dominion. They have Inquisitions at Lisbonne, Coimbra and Evora, Parliaments at Lisbonne and Porto, Generalities called Comarques, and Almaxarifats in 27 other places. Besides the Royal Council the Portugueses have other Tribunals, as that of the Finances, La Mesada Conscientia or Council of Conscience, Council of War, &c. King John IV. established a Tribunal against those that should be accused of discovering the Secrets of the State to Enemies, or that in any other way should assist their undertakings. The Kings of Portugal are great Masters of the Order of Christ that reside at Tomar, of that of Avis and St. James, which have their Residence at Palmella near Setuval. They take these Titles, King of Portugal, of the Algarves, of both sides of the Sea of Africa, Lord of Guinee, Master of the Navigation and Commerce of Aethiopia, Arabia, Persia and the Indies. * When the Portuguese discovered the Passage into the East Indies by the Cape of Good Hope, tho' the Venetians sent their Ship-Carpenters to the Sultan of Egypt with all things that were necessary to build a Fleet of Ships on the Red Sea, to out 'em of the Trade of the Indies, yet they engrossed it, that the Spices, Jewels, Gold, Callico's, Silks and Druggs of that Country pass'd by Portugal into Europe, which made it the richest traded Kingdom in that part of the World: Being beat out of this by the English and Hollanders, they supported themselves by the Sugar and Tabaco trade of Brasil, but the Dutch having ruin'd the Sugar Plantations in the tedious War that begun in 1640, and the English raised theirs in Barbado's and Jamaica to perfection, and the Tabaco Trade in Virginia, Portugal lost all hers, and is become the weakest and poorest Kingdom in all Europe. Resend. Ant. Lusit. Antonio de Sousa. Excellent. de Portug. Bernardin S. Antonio. Descript. Portug. Gaspard Estazo. Antiq. de Portug. &c.</blockquote>

Admin: /* 1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child. */

2025-03-23T18:49:43Z

1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child.

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:49, 23 March 2025
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	The Portugal Provinces have all their peculiar Commodities: they afford, among other things, Lemons, and excellent Oranges. They have Mines; the Greeks and Romans went to seek in Portugal, the Gold which the Portuguese go to seek in the Indies. They are so populous, principally towards the Sea, as that there are reckoned above six hundred Cities, or priviledged Burroughs, and above four thousand Parishes. The Roman Catholick Religion is only receiv'd in this Kingdom; those, who are of the Jewish Race, have been constrained to be baptized, and are now known under the Name of New Christians. There are three Arch-bishopricks, Lisbon, Braga, and Evora; ten Bishopricks. The Arch-bishopricks of Lisbon, and Evora, have each of 'em full two hundred thousand Livers yearly Income. Inquisitions are at Lisbon, at Coimbre, at Evora; the Assembly of the Cortes, or Parliaments, at Lisbon, at Porto. Twenty seven Places have Generalities, which they call Comarques, and Almoxarifats. The Order of Christ, which resides at Tomar, is the most considerable of the Kingdom: the Kings are the Masters and Heads of it; for on this Order depend all the Foreign Conquests: Its Knights wear the Red and White Cross in the Middle, whereas those of Avis wear it green, those of St. James red. These have their Residence at Palmella, near Setuval. The Revenue of the Kingdom, without reckoning that of the Indies, is said to exceed ten Millions of Livers: I can hardly believe what the Portugals say, that their King, Don Sebastian, was at the Charge of a Million of Gold upon the Harness of a Horse; that the Trappings of the European Ladies, were only the remains of those of Portugal. In the Year 1640. this Kingdom withdrew it self from its Obedience to the King of Spain: Then was admired the Great Secresie that was kept in that Affair, among above two hundred persons, for above a Year together. The principal Motives of this Resolution, were, the Permission which his Catholick Majesty gave to others, than to the Portugals, of trading to the East-Indies; the Tribute of the fifth, that was proclaim'd in the Year 1636. by which the Government exacted five in the hundred, of all the Revenues and Merchandizes in the Kingdom. The Duke of Braganza was proclaimed King, under the Name of John the Fourth. This Prince reigned sixteen Years, and had for his Successour, Alphonso the Sixth; who was deposed in 1667. His Marriage having been declared null, Pedro, his Brother, married the Queen, was made Regent of the Kingdom, and made Peace with Spain. The Conspiracy, in the Year 1673. against this Prince, obliged him to have the King fetch'd back from the Terzera, and put into the Fortress of Sintra, near Lisbon: About two Years since, a Marriage was concerted betwixt the Infanta, and Victor Ame, Duke of Savoy; but that Match is now wholly broke off, and a new Treaty now on foot, for the same purpose, with the Prince of Tuscany. This Kingdom contains six Provinces, which are as many general Governments. Entre Doaro and Minho, Tralos-Montes, Beyra, Estremadura, Alen-Teyo and Algarve. Entre Douro and Minho, is the most delicious, and so populous, that in the space of eighteen Leagues in length, and twelve in breadth, it has above a hundred and thirty Monasteries, well rented; fourteen hundred and sixteen Parishes; five thousand Fountains of Spring-Water; two hundred Bridges of Stone, and six Sea-Ports. Some call it the Marrow and the Delight of Spain. Porto, a City of four thousand Housholds, drives a great Trade; Bragra is renowned for the holding of several Councils, by the Pretension of its Archbishop, who styles himself Primate of the Spains. Tralos-Montes has Minerals, with the City of Braganza, the Capital of a Dutchy of forty thousand Ducates Revenue, wherein there are full fifty small Cities, and other Lands, which make the Duke of Braganza thrice Marquis, seven times a Count, and several times a Lord. The Princes of that Name, now in possession of the Crown, remain'd commonly at Villa Viciosa, and had the Prerogative, to the Exclusion of the Grandees of Spain, to sit in publick, under the Royal Canopy of the King of Spain. Beira is fertile in Rye, Millet, Apples, and Chestnuts. Its City of Coimbra, formerly the abode of Alphonso, the first King of Portugal, is famous for its University, for its Bishoprick, which is said to be worth above a hundred and fifty thousand Livres yearly Rent. Estremadura, another than that of Castile, produces Wine, Oyl, Salt, Honey, which the Bees make there of the Flowers of Lemmons and of Roses. Its City of Lisbon is the Capital of all the Kingdom, one of the richest, greatest, most beautiful, and most populous Towns of all Europe: It has above thirty thousand Houses, and an admirable Port, with the conveniency of the ebbing and flowing of the Sea: It particularly drives the trade of Brasile, and of the East-Indies. The small City of Belem, which is near it, is the Mausoleum, or the place of burial of several Kings of Portugal. Santaren has so great a number of Olive-Trees in its Dependencies, that the Inhabitants boast of being able to make of their Oyl, a River as great as the Tagus. Setuval, which the Flemmings call St. Hubes, is well situated, well built, and of great trade: It has the best Harbour in all the Kingdom, thirty Miles in length, three in breadth. Its Salt-Pits and Fishery, according to what the Portuguese say, raise a greater Revenue to their King, than all Arragon does to the King of Spain. Alen-Teyo, by reason of its Corn, is reckon'd for the Granary of Portugal: Its City of Evora pretends to the first rank after Lisbon. In the Year 1663. the Portuguese gain'd a famous Battel over the Spaniards in its neighbourhood. Elvas is known for its excellent Oyls; for the Sieges which it has happily sustain'd against the Castillians. Ourques, in the Year 1139. saw that famous Battel fought, which gave occasion to the proclaiming the first King of Portugal. Algarve, tho' of small extent, has the Title of a Kingdom; It was reunited to the Crown, by the Marriage of Alphonso the Third, with Beatrix of Castile. it affords Figs, Olives, Almonds, and Wines very much esteemed: the Name of Algerbia, in the Moorish Tongue, signifies a fertile field.</blockquote>		The Portugal Provinces have all their peculiar Commodities: they afford, among other things, Lemons, and excellent Oranges. They have Mines; the Greeks and Romans went to seek in Portugal, the Gold which the Portuguese go to seek in the Indies. They are so populous, principally towards the Sea, as that there are reckoned above six hundred Cities, or priviledged Burroughs, and above four thousand Parishes. The Roman Catholick Religion is only receiv'd in this Kingdom; those, who are of the Jewish Race, have been constrained to be baptized, and are now known under the Name of New Christians. There are three Arch-bishopricks, Lisbon, Braga, and Evora; ten Bishopricks. The Arch-bishopricks of Lisbon, and Evora, have each of 'em full two hundred thousand Livers yearly Income. Inquisitions are at Lisbon, at Coimbre, at Evora; the Assembly of the Cortes, or Parliaments, at Lisbon, at Porto. Twenty seven Places have Generalities, which they call Comarques, and Almoxarifats. The Order of Christ, which resides at Tomar, is the most considerable of the Kingdom: the Kings are the Masters and Heads of it; for on this Order depend all the Foreign Conquests: Its Knights wear the Red and White Cross in the Middle, whereas those of Avis wear it green, those of St. James red. These have their Residence at Palmella, near Setuval. The Revenue of the Kingdom, without reckoning that of the Indies, is said to exceed ten Millions of Livers: I can hardly believe what the Portugals say, that their King, Don Sebastian, was at the Charge of a Million of Gold upon the Harness of a Horse; that the Trappings of the European Ladies, were only the remains of those of Portugal. In the Year 1640. this Kingdom withdrew it self from its Obedience to the King of Spain: Then was admired the Great Secresie that was kept in that Affair, among above two hundred persons, for above a Year together. The principal Motives of this Resolution, were, the Permission which his Catholick Majesty gave to others, than to the Portugals, of trading to the East-Indies; the Tribute of the fifth, that was proclaim'd in the Year 1636. by which the Government exacted five in the hundred, of all the Revenues and Merchandizes in the Kingdom. The Duke of Braganza was proclaimed King, under the Name of John the Fourth. This Prince reigned sixteen Years, and had for his Successour, Alphonso the Sixth; who was deposed in 1667. His Marriage having been declared null, Pedro, his Brother, married the Queen, was made Regent of the Kingdom, and made Peace with Spain. The Conspiracy, in the Year 1673. against this Prince, obliged him to have the King fetch'd back from the Terzera, and put into the Fortress of Sintra, near Lisbon: About two Years since, a Marriage was concerted betwixt the Infanta, and Victor Ame, Duke of Savoy; but that Match is now wholly broke off, and a new Treaty now on foot, for the same purpose, with the Prince of Tuscany. This Kingdom contains six Provinces, which are as many general Governments. Entre Doaro and Minho, Tralos-Montes, Beyra, Estremadura, Alen-Teyo and Algarve. Entre Douro and Minho, is the most delicious, and so populous, that in the space of eighteen Leagues in length, and twelve in breadth, it has above a hundred and thirty Monasteries, well rented; fourteen hundred and sixteen Parishes; five thousand Fountains of Spring-Water; two hundred Bridges of Stone, and six Sea-Ports. Some call it the Marrow and the Delight of Spain. Porto, a City of four thousand Housholds, drives a great Trade; Bragra is renowned for the holding of several Councils, by the Pretension of its Archbishop, who styles himself Primate of the Spains. Tralos-Montes has Minerals, with the City of Braganza, the Capital of a Dutchy of forty thousand Ducates Revenue, wherein there are full fifty small Cities, and other Lands, which make the Duke of Braganza thrice Marquis, seven times a Count, and several times a Lord. The Princes of that Name, now in possession of the Crown, remain'd commonly at Villa Viciosa, and had the Prerogative, to the Exclusion of the Grandees of Spain, to sit in publick, under the Royal Canopy of the King of Spain. Beira is fertile in Rye, Millet, Apples, and Chestnuts. Its City of Coimbra, formerly the abode of Alphonso, the first King of Portugal, is famous for its University, for its Bishoprick, which is said to be worth above a hundred and fifty thousand Livres yearly Rent. Estremadura, another than that of Castile, produces Wine, Oyl, Salt, Honey, which the Bees make there of the Flowers of Lemmons and of Roses. Its City of Lisbon is the Capital of all the Kingdom, one of the richest, greatest, most beautiful, and most populous Towns of all Europe: It has above thirty thousand Houses, and an admirable Port, with the conveniency of the ebbing and flowing of the Sea: It particularly drives the trade of Brasile, and of the East-Indies. The small City of Belem, which is near it, is the Mausoleum, or the place of burial of several Kings of Portugal. Santaren has so great a number of Olive-Trees in its Dependencies, that the Inhabitants boast of being able to make of their Oyl, a River as great as the Tagus. Setuval, which the Flemmings call St. Hubes, is well situated, well built, and of great trade: It has the best Harbour in all the Kingdom, thirty Miles in length, three in breadth. Its Salt-Pits and Fishery, according to what the Portuguese say, raise a greater Revenue to their King, than all Arragon does to the King of Spain. Alen-Teyo, by reason of its Corn, is reckon'd for the Granary of Portugal: Its City of Evora pretends to the first rank after Lisbon. In the Year 1663. the Portuguese gain'd a famous Battel over the Spaniards in its neighbourhood. Elvas is known for its excellent Oyls; for the Sieges which it has happily sustain'd against the Castillians. Ourques, in the Year 1139. saw that famous Battel fought, which gave occasion to the proclaiming the first King of Portugal. Algarve, tho' of small extent, has the Title of a Kingdom; It was reunited to the Crown, by the Marriage of Alphonso the Third, with Beatrix of Castile. it affords Figs, Olives, Almonds, and Wines very much esteemed: the Name of Algerbia, in the Moorish Tongue, signifies a fertile field.</blockquote>

			=== 1691. A most compleat compendium of geography by Laurence Echard. ===
			<blockquote>THE Kingdom of Portugal, properly a part of Spain, lying on the W. of Leon, Extremadura, and Andalusia; and on the S. of Gallicia. Situated between the 7th and 11th degr. and 10 min. of Lon. and between the 36 & 50 min. and the 46 & 20 min. of Lat. being in length from North to South 360 Miles, and in breadth from East to West 136 Miles. It contains a great part of the old Lusitania, with part of old Gallicia and Betica. It is by our modern Linguists falsly called Lusitania.

			It was first conquered by the Romans, and run the same fortune with the rest of Spain, till Anno 1139. it had its own Kings, who were afterwards tributary to Spain, till Anno 1640. it revolted, and still remains independent under its own Kings, who has also considerable Dominions in Asia, Africa and America. His Royal Seat is Lisbon.

			The Inhabitants, as well as those of Spain, are all Roman Catholicks. Their Language is the vulgar Spanish, but has somewhat more of the French than that. Their chief Commodities are Honey, Allom, Fish, Wine, Oyl, Fruits, white Marble and Salt. It contains six Provinces, which are as following.

			* 1. Entre minho douro, part of the old Gallicia; the most N. Province; 75 m. l. & 54 br. ch. T. are Braga, Porto and Barcelos.
			* 2. Tralos montes, part of old Gallicia and Lusitania; on the E. of Entre minho douro; 120 m. l. & 100 br. ch. T. are Miranda, Bragenza and Villa Real.
			* 3. Beira, part of old Lusitania, on the S. of Trolos Montes, and Entre minho douro; 130 m. l. & 95 br. ch. T. are Coimbra, Viseu and Lamego.
			* 4. Estremadura, part of old Lusitania; on the S. W. of Beira; 140 m. l. & 80 br. ch. T. are Lisbon, Leiria and Alangver.
			* 5. Alentejo, or Entre tejo guadiana, part of old Lusitania and Betica; on the S. E. of Estremadura; 165 m. l. & 98. br. ch. T. are Evowra, Elvas and Beja.
			* 6. Kingdom of Algarve, part of old Lusitania; on the S. of Alentejo; 86 m. l. & 35 br.

			* since united to Portugal; ch. T. are Faro, Lagos and Silves.

			Rivers of chiefest note are three, viz. 1. Tego, 2. Douro, and 3. Guadiana. I find no Mountains.

			Archbishopricks 3, Bishopricks 10, Universities 2.</blockquote>

	=== 1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child. ===		=== 1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child. ===

Admin at 02:15, 16 January 2025

2025-01-16T02:15:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:15, 16 January 2025
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	==History==		==History==
	==Geography==		==Geography==
			==Maps==
			<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150" showfilename="yes">
			File:1701 A system of geography by Herman Moll - Spain and Portugal.jpg
			</gallery>
	==Demographics==		==Demographics==
	==Economy==		==Economy==

Admin at 03:12, 13 January 2025

2025-01-13T03:12:32Z

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Admin: /* 1682. Cosmography and geography in two parts by Richard Blome. */

2025-01-11T02:55:06Z

1682. Cosmography and geography in two parts by Richard Blome.

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:55, 11 January 2025
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	**** Pegu, Sirian.		**** Pegu, Sirian.
	**** Malacca, Malacca.		**** Malacca, Malacca.
	**** China, Macao.		**** China, [[Macao]].
	*** The Isles, or part of the Isles of		*** The Isles, or part of the Isles of
	**** Ceylan, Colombo.		**** Ceylan, Colombo.

Admin at 00:03, 25 December 2024

2024-12-25T00:03:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:03, 25 December 2024
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	* 1.24VALENCE, or VALENCIA, encompassed with Murcia, Castile, Arragon, and the Sea. Its chief places are, 1. Valencia, scituate near the mouth of the River Guadalangar, and about two miles from the Sea, where there is an open, but ill commodious road for Ships, called la Greno; yet, as being the chief City in the Country, enjoyeth a good Trade. Here is an University in which St. Dominic, the Institutor of the Dominican Order, studied: 2. Morvedre; 3. Segobre; and 4. Zativa.</blockquote>		* 1.24VALENCE, or VALENCIA, encompassed with Murcia, Castile, Arragon, and the Sea. Its chief places are, 1. Valencia, scituate near the mouth of the River Guadalangar, and about two miles from the Sea, where there is an open, but ill commodious road for Ships, called la Greno; yet, as being the chief City in the Country, enjoyeth a good Trade. Here is an University in which St. Dominic, the Institutor of the Dominican Order, studied: 2. Morvedre; 3. Segobre; and 4. Zativa.</blockquote>

			=== 1685. Geographia universalis: the present state of the whole world by Pierre Duval. ===
			<blockquote>Portugal is a Kingdom, ancient for above five hundred years in the Western part of Spain, where was formerly Lusitania. In all probability, this Name of Portugal came from that of Porto, a Town considerable for its Commerce, and from that of Cale a small Place near it. It is, from the South to the North, about a hundred and twenty Leagues in length; in breadth five and twenty, thirty, and sometimes fifty. Its Situation upon the Ocean, and the experience of its Inhabitants in point of Navigation, has given occasion to them to make Conquests in the four parts of the World, and principally in the East-Indies. Their Conquests have been in above five thousand Leagues of Coast, in Brasil, in Africa and Asia: All their Places were near the Sea, for they had no other design than that of rendring themselves Masters of Commerce. True it is, that, during the War, they were oblig'd to sustain against Spain for eight and twenty years together, and by reason of the great Garrisons they were oblig'd to keep, in those parts against the Hollanders, whom they have nevertheless drove entirely out of Brasil, they made but small profit, and this moved them to give some places to the English, by the Marriage of the Infanta of Portugal with Charles the Second, King of England.

			The Portugal Provinces have all their peculiar Commodities: they afford, among other things, Lemons, and excellent Oranges. They have Mines; the Greeks and Romans went to seek in Portugal, the Gold which the Portuguese go to seek in the Indies. They are so populous, principally towards the Sea, as that there are reckoned above six hundred Cities, or priviledged Burroughs, and above four thousand Parishes. The Roman Catholick Religion is only receiv'd in this Kingdom; those, who are of the Jewish Race, have been constrained to be baptized, and are now known under the Name of New Christians. There are three Arch-bishopricks, Lisbon, Braga, and Evora; ten Bishopricks. The Arch-bishopricks of Lisbon, and Evora, have each of 'em full two hundred thousand Livers yearly Income. Inquisitions are at Lisbon, at Coimbre, at Evora; the Assembly of the Cortes, or Parliaments, at Lisbon, at Porto. Twenty seven Places have Generalities, which they call Comarques, and Almoxarifats. The Order of Christ, which resides at Tomar, is the most considerable of the Kingdom: the Kings are the Masters and Heads of it; for on this Order depend all the Foreign Conquests: Its Knights wear the Red and White Cross in the Middle, whereas those of Avis wear it green, those of St. James red. These have their Residence at Palmella, near Setuval. The Revenue of the Kingdom, without reckoning that of the Indies, is said to exceed ten Millions of Livers: I can hardly believe what the Portugals say, that their King, Don Sebastian, was at the Charge of a Million of Gold upon the Harness of a Horse; that the Trappings of the European Ladies, were only the remains of those of Portugal. In the Year 1640. this Kingdom withdrew it self from its Obedience to the King of Spain: Then was admired the Great Secresie that was kept in that Affair, among above two hundred persons, for above a Year together. The principal Motives of this Resolution, were, the Permission which his Catholick Majesty gave to others, than to the Portugals, of trading to the East-Indies; the Tribute of the fifth, that was proclaim'd in the Year 1636. by which the Government exacted five in the hundred, of all the Revenues and Merchandizes in the Kingdom. The Duke of Braganza was proclaimed King, under the Name of John the Fourth. This Prince reigned sixteen Years, and had for his Successour, Alphonso the Sixth; who was deposed in 1667. His Marriage having been declared null, Pedro, his Brother, married the Queen, was made Regent of the Kingdom, and made Peace with Spain. The Conspiracy, in the Year 1673. against this Prince, obliged him to have the King fetch'd back from the Terzera, and put into the Fortress of Sintra, near Lisbon: About two Years since, a Marriage was concerted betwixt the Infanta, and Victor Ame, Duke of Savoy; but that Match is now wholly broke off, and a new Treaty now on foot, for the same purpose, with the Prince of Tuscany. This Kingdom contains six Provinces, which are as many general Governments. Entre Doaro and Minho, Tralos-Montes, Beyra, Estremadura, Alen-Teyo and Algarve. Entre Douro and Minho, is the most delicious, and so populous, that in the space of eighteen Leagues in length, and twelve in breadth, it has above a hundred and thirty Monasteries, well rented; fourteen hundred and sixteen Parishes; five thousand Fountains of Spring-Water; two hundred Bridges of Stone, and six Sea-Ports. Some call it the Marrow and the Delight of Spain. Porto, a City of four thousand Housholds, drives a great Trade; Bragra is renowned for the holding of several Councils, by the Pretension of its Archbishop, who styles himself Primate of the Spains. Tralos-Montes has Minerals, with the City of Braganza, the Capital of a Dutchy of forty thousand Ducates Revenue, wherein there are full fifty small Cities, and other Lands, which make the Duke of Braganza thrice Marquis, seven times a Count, and several times a Lord. The Princes of that Name, now in possession of the Crown, remain'd commonly at Villa Viciosa, and had the Prerogative, to the Exclusion of the Grandees of Spain, to sit in publick, under the Royal Canopy of the King of Spain. Beira is fertile in Rye, Millet, Apples, and Chestnuts. Its City of Coimbra, formerly the abode of Alphonso, the first King of Portugal, is famous for its University, for its Bishoprick, which is said to be worth above a hundred and fifty thousand Livres yearly Rent. Estremadura, another than that of Castile, produces Wine, Oyl, Salt, Honey, which the Bees make there of the Flowers of Lemmons and of Roses. Its City of Lisbon is the Capital of all the Kingdom, one of the richest, greatest, most beautiful, and most populous Towns of all Europe: It has above thirty thousand Houses, and an admirable Port, with the conveniency of the ebbing and flowing of the Sea: It particularly drives the trade of Brasile, and of the East-Indies. The small City of Belem, which is near it, is the Mausoleum, or the place of burial of several Kings of Portugal. Santaren has so great a number of Olive-Trees in its Dependencies, that the Inhabitants boast of being able to make of their Oyl, a River as great as the Tagus. Setuval, which the Flemmings call St. Hubes, is well situated, well built, and of great trade: It has the best Harbour in all the Kingdom, thirty Miles in length, three in breadth. Its Salt-Pits and Fishery, according to what the Portuguese say, raise a greater Revenue to their King, than all Arragon does to the King of Spain. Alen-Teyo, by reason of its Corn, is reckon'd for the Granary of Portugal: Its City of Evora pretends to the first rank after Lisbon. In the Year 1663. the Portuguese gain'd a famous Battel over the Spaniards in its neighbourhood. Elvas is known for its excellent Oyls; for the Sieges which it has happily sustain'd against the Castillians. Ourques, in the Year 1139. saw that famous Battel fought, which gave occasion to the proclaiming the first King of Portugal. Algarve, tho' of small extent, has the Title of a Kingdom; It was reunited to the Crown, by the Marriage of Alphonso the Third, with Beatrix of Castile. it affords Figs, Olives, Almonds, and Wines very much esteemed: the Name of Algerbia, in the Moorish Tongue, signifies a fertile field.</blockquote>

Admin at 02:41, 22 December 2024

2024-12-22T02:41:36Z

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