Rhiga - Revision history

Admin: /* 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. */

2025-05-10T15:37:18Z

1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun.

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:37, 10 May 2025
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	=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===		=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===
	<blockquote>Riga, Rigen, a City of [[Livonia]]; called by the Inhabitants Riig: one of the Hanse Towns, great, strong, rich, and populous; being the Capital of Livonia, and an Archbishops See. It has a large and safe Haven at the Mouth of the River Duna, (where it enters the Baltick Sea;) seven German Miles from Mittaw to the North, twenty nine from [[Revel]] to the South, and forty eight from Vilna; in the Borders of Curland. Built by Albert the Third, Bishop of Livonia, in 1196: others say in the year 1186, by one Bertold an Abbot. In the year 1215, it was made an Archbishops See by Pope Innocent III. and the Metropolitan of all Livonia, [[Prussia]], and Curland. A great while the Seat of the Masters of the Knights of the short Sword in Livonia, and afterwards of the Grand Master of the Teutonick Order in Prussia; who divided the Sovereignty and Administration of Justice with the Archbishop in this City, till the Reformation, which excluded both of them. In the year 1561, it willingly submitted to the Crown of Poland. In the year 1605. it was in vain besieged by Charles IX. King of Sweden; nor had he better success in the second Siege, in 1609. Charles Gustavus Adolphus, his Son, in the year 1621, took it; and ever since the Swedes have possessed it: neither were the Moscovites, sitting down before it some years ago, able to take it. It is seated in a spatious, pleasant, fruitful Valley; a quarter of a League over; fortified to Land with six Regular Bastions, Counterscarps, Palisadoes, and Half-Moons by the Swedes in the year 1633. Its Traffick with the English, Dutch, Germans, and Moscovites, is so great, that it has almost as many Ships as Houses; and so abounding with Provisions, that an Ox may be bought for three Crowns. Their Religion is the strict Lutheran, and no other allowed: they speak both the Curland and Sclavonian Tongue; tho they generally understand the High Dutch too; their Publick Acts and Statutes being expedited in that letter Language. Thus far Olearius. Long. 47. 57. Lat. 57. 35.</blockquote>		<blockquote>Riga, Rigen, a City of [[Livonia]]; called by the Inhabitants Riig: one of the Hanse Towns, great, strong, rich, and populous; being the Capital of Livonia, and an Archbishops See. It has a large and safe Haven at the Mouth of the River Duna, (where it enters the Baltick Sea;) seven German Miles from Mittaw to the North, twenty nine from [[Revel]] to the South, and forty eight from Vilna; in the Borders of Curland. Built by Albert the Third, Bishop of Livonia, in 1196: others say in the year 1186, by one Bertold an Abbot. In the year 1215, it was made an Archbishops See by Pope Innocent III. and the Metropolitan of all Livonia, [[Prussia]], and Curland. A great while the Seat of the Masters of the Knights of the short Sword in Livonia, and afterwards of the Grand Master of the Teutonick Order in Prussia; who divided the Sovereignty and Administration of Justice with the Archbishop in this City, till the Reformation, which excluded both of them. In the year 1561, it willingly submitted to the Crown of Poland. In the year 1605. it was in vain besieged by Charles IX. King of Sweden; nor had he better success in the second Siege, in 1609. Charles Gustavus Adolphus, his Son, in the year 1621, took it; and ever since the Swedes have possessed it: neither were the Moscovites, sitting down before it some years ago, able to take it. It is seated in a spatious, pleasant, fruitful Valley; a quarter of a League over; fortified to Land with six Regular Bastions, Counterscarps, Palisadoes, and Half-Moons by the Swedes in the year 1633. Its Traffick with the English, Dutch, Germans, and Moscovites, is so great, that it has almost as many Ships as Houses; and so abounding with Provisions, that an Ox may be bought for three Crowns. Their Religion is the strict Lutheran, and no other allowed: they speak both the Curland and Sclavonian Tongue; tho they generally understand the High Dutch too; their Publick Acts and Statutes being expedited in that letter Language. Thus far Olearius. Long. 47. 57. Lat. 57. 35. ''//Paris Meridian was used in the book''</blockquote>

Admin: /* 1693. Geography rectified, or, A description of the world by Robert Morden. */

2024-12-30T08:27:24Z

1693. Geography rectified, or, A description of the world by Robert Morden.

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:27, 30 December 2024
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	<blockquote>Riga, a great, strong, rich, and populous City of [[Swethland\|Swedeland]], the M. of the Pr. of [[Livonia]], in the Pr. of Lettenland; an A. and an Hance Town, sub. to the K. of Swed. It stands by the Baltick Sea, at the Mouth of the R. Dwina (where is an excellent Haven) 30 m. N. of Mittaw, 120 N.E. of Memel, 250 S.E. of [[Stockholm]], and 320 al. N.E. of [[Warsaw]]. Lon. 45.34. Lat. 56.54.</blockquote>		<blockquote>Riga, a great, strong, rich, and populous City of [[Swethland\|Swedeland]], the M. of the Pr. of [[Livonia]], in the Pr. of Lettenland; an A. and an Hance Town, sub. to the K. of Swed. It stands by the Baltick Sea, at the Mouth of the R. Dwina (where is an excellent Haven) 30 m. N. of Mittaw, 120 N.E. of Memel, 250 S.E. of [[Stockholm]], and 320 al. N.E. of [[Warsaw]]. Lon. 45.34. Lat. 56.54.</blockquote>

	=== 1693. ~~Geography~~ ~~rectified,~~ ~~or,~~ A ~~description~~ of ~~the~~ ~~world~~ by ~~Robert~~ ~~Morden~~. ===		=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===
			<blockquote>Riga, Rigen, a City of [[Livonia]]; called by the Inhabitants Riig: one of the Hanse Towns, great, strong, rich, and populous; being the Capital of Livonia, and an Archbishops See. It has a large and safe Haven at the Mouth of the River Duna, (where it enters the Baltick Sea;) seven German Miles from Mittaw to the North, twenty nine from [[Revel]] to the South, and forty eight from Vilna; in the Borders of Curland. Built by Albert the Third, Bishop of Livonia, in 1196: others say in the year 1186, by one Bertold an Abbot. In the year 1215, it was made an Archbishops See by Pope Innocent III. and the Metropolitan of all Livonia, [[Prussia]], and Curland. A great while the Seat of the Masters of the Knights of the short Sword in Livonia, and afterwards of the Grand Master of the Teutonick Order in Prussia; who divided the Sovereignty and Administration of Justice with the Archbishop in this City, till the Reformation, which excluded both of them. In the year 1561, it willingly submitted to the Crown of Poland. In the year 1605. it was in vain besieged by Charles IX. King of Sweden; nor had he better success in the second Siege, in 1609. Charles Gustavus Adolphus, his Son, in the year 1621, took it; and ever since the Swedes have possessed it: neither were the Moscovites, sitting down before it some years ago, able to take it. It is seated in a spatious, pleasant, fruitful Valley; a quarter of a League over; fortified to Land with six Regular Bastions, Counterscarps, Palisadoes, and Half-Moons by the Swedes in the year 1633. Its Traffick with the English, Dutch, Germans, and Moscovites, is so great, that it has almost as many Ships as Houses; and so abounding with Provisions, that an Ox may be bought for three Crowns. Their Religion is the strict Lutheran, and no other allowed: they speak both the Curland and Sclavonian Tongue; tho they generally understand the High Dutch too; their Publick Acts and Statutes being expedited in that letter Language. Thus far Olearius. Long. 47. 57. Lat. 57. 35.</blockquote>
	<blockquote>Caffa, a considerable City and Sea-Port in Crim Tartary, upon the Eastern side of the Peninsula East of the City of Crim; supposed to be the Cavum of the Antients. It is a flourishing Mart, and furnished with a large and capacious Haven: Heretofore possessed by the Genoese, who (saith Dr. Heylin) by the Help of this Port and the Plantation they had in Pera, on the North Side of Constantinople, engrossed all the Trade of the Euxine Sea into their own hands. In 1475. it was taken by Mahomet the Great; ever since it has been in the hands of the Turks, and though by them much ruin'd, is still the principal Place in that Demy-Island. The Turks govern it by a Bashaw they send thither; and although the Tartars can possess themselves of it when they please, yet they chuse rather to leave it in his hands than to take it into their own. The Venetians have often sollicited a free Commerce with it for the Benefit of its Commodities: but the Port has constantly refused to suffer their Vessels to pass into the Black Sea for Reasons of State. They reckon about 4000 Houses of Mahometans, Tartars, and Christians; whereof some Latins, Greeks, and some Armenians, to the Number of about 800, who are obliged to wear a Distinction from the rest in their Bonnets.</blockquote>

Admin: /* 1692. The gazetteer's, or, Newsman's interpreter by Laurence Echard. */

2024-12-30T08:23:58Z

1692. The gazetteer's, or, Newsman's interpreter by Laurence Echard.

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:23, 30 December 2024
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	=== 1692. The gazetteer's, or, Newsman's interpreter by Laurence Echard. ===		=== 1692. The gazetteer's, or, Newsman's interpreter by Laurence Echard. ===
	<blockquote>Riga, a great, strong, rich, and populous City of [[Swethland\|Swedeland]], the M. of the Pr. of [[Livonia]], in the Pr. of Lettenland; an A. and an Hance Town, sub. to the K. of Swed. It stands by the Baltick Sea, at the Mouth of the R. Dwina (where is an excellent Haven) 30 m. N. of Mittaw, 120 N.E. of Memel, 250 S.E. of [[Stockholm]], and 320 al. N.E. of [[Warsaw]]. Lon. 45.34. Lat. 56.54.</blockquote>		<blockquote>Riga, a great, strong, rich, and populous City of [[Swethland\|Swedeland]], the M. of the Pr. of [[Livonia]], in the Pr. of Lettenland; an A. and an Hance Town, sub. to the K. of Swed. It stands by the Baltick Sea, at the Mouth of the R. Dwina (where is an excellent Haven) 30 m. N. of Mittaw, 120 N.E. of Memel, 250 S.E. of [[Stockholm]], and 320 al. N.E. of [[Warsaw]]. Lon. 45.34. Lat. 56.54.</blockquote>

			=== 1693. Geography rectified, or, A description of the world by Robert Morden. ===
			<blockquote>Caffa, a considerable City and Sea-Port in Crim Tartary, upon the Eastern side of the Peninsula East of the City of Crim; supposed to be the Cavum of the Antients. It is a flourishing Mart, and furnished with a large and capacious Haven: Heretofore possessed by the Genoese, who (saith Dr. Heylin) by the Help of this Port and the Plantation they had in Pera, on the North Side of Constantinople, engrossed all the Trade of the Euxine Sea into their own hands. In 1475. it was taken by Mahomet the Great; ever since it has been in the hands of the Turks, and though by them much ruin'd, is still the principal Place in that Demy-Island. The Turks govern it by a Bashaw they send thither; and although the Tartars can possess themselves of it when they please, yet they chuse rather to leave it in his hands than to take it into their own. The Venetians have often sollicited a free Commerce with it for the Benefit of its Commodities: but the Port has constantly refused to suffer their Vessels to pass into the Black Sea for Reasons of State. They reckon about 4000 Houses of Mahometans, Tartars, and Christians; whereof some Latins, Greeks, and some Armenians, to the Number of about 800, who are obliged to wear a Distinction from the rest in their Bonnets.</blockquote>

Admin at 07:56, 30 December 2024

2024-12-30T07:56:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:56, 30 December 2024
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	The coines and accounts differ not much here in value from the others before mentioned, yet found to differ in appellation: for the Rix Doller, and the Marke Lupes is here all one, which makes two Swedens or common Markes, and one Sweden is 8 Lups shillings: one Lups is 2 shillings, one shilling is 12 pence, and one peny is two hellers.</blockquote>		The coines and accounts differ not much here in value from the others before mentioned, yet found to differ in appellation: for the Rix Doller, and the Marke Lupes is here all one, which makes two Swedens or common Markes, and one Sweden is 8 Lups shillings: one Lups is 2 shillings, one shilling is 12 pence, and one peny is two hellers.</blockquote>

			=== 1692. The gazetteer's, or, Newsman's interpreter by Laurence Echard. ===
			<blockquote>Riga, a great, strong, rich, and populous City of [[Swethland\|Swedeland]], the M. of the Pr. of [[Livonia]], in the Pr. of Lettenland; an A. and an Hance Town, sub. to the K. of Swed. It stands by the Baltick Sea, at the Mouth of the R. Dwina (where is an excellent Haven) 30 m. N. of Mittaw, 120 N.E. of Memel, 250 S.E. of [[Stockholm]], and 320 al. N.E. of [[Warsaw]]. Lon. 45.34. Lat. 56.54.</blockquote>

Admin at 21:54, 27 December 2024

2024-12-27T21:54:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:54, 27 December 2024
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	==Sources from old books==		==Sources from old books==

	=== ~~1700~~. The merchants ~~map~~ of commerce by ~~Roberts,~~ Lewes. ~~CHAP. CCXXVII. Of Rhiga, and the Trade thereof~~. ===		=== 1638. The merchants mappe of commerce wherein by Lewes Roberts. ===
			<blockquote>Of Rhiga and the trade thereof.
⚫	~~<blockquote>* 1.1RHiga~~ is the ~~principal~~ ~~City~~ of Livonia, or ~~Lissland~~, seated ~~near~~ the ~~Embosure~~ of the ~~River~~ Dunia, strengthened with an exceeding strong ~~Wall~~, many Ordnance to ~~desend~~ it against all ~~Enemies~~, and bordering upon the ~~Lissland~~ ~~Sea~~: it was formerly the ~~chief~~ residence of the ~~Teutonick~~ Knights, and then and now reinforced by the ~~Garrison~~ of ~~D•…mund~~, accounted one of the impregnable ~~Forts~~ of this ~~Northern~~ ~~Climate~~, where all ~~Ships~~ entring, are searched, and pay a ~~certain~~ Toll or ~~Duty~~: the ~~Inhabitants~~ curious for the preservation of their ~~Liberty~~, acknowledge the King of Poland for their Protector, to whom they pay a yearly ~~Contribution~~, but else are governed by their ~~own~~ ancient ~~Laws~~ and ~~Privi∣leges,~~ which they enjoyed from the Knights their old ~~Masters~~, at the resignation of this ~~Country~~ to that King.

		⚫	RHIGA is the principall Citie of [[Livonia]], or Liffland, seated neere the Emboseure of the river Dunia, strengthened with an exceeding strong wall, many Ordnance to defend it against all enemies, and bordering upon the Liffeland sea: it was formerly the chiefe residence of the Tentonick Knights, and then and now reinforced by the Garison of Dunmund, accounted one of the impregnable fortes of this Northerne clymate, where all shippes entring are searched, and pay a certaine Toll, or Dutie: the inhabitants curious for the preservation of their libertie, acknowledge the King of Poland for their Protector, to whom they pay a yearly contribution, but else are governed by their owne ancient lawes and priviledges which they enjoyed from the Knights their old masters, at the resignation of this countrey to that King.
⚫	* ~~1.2The Commodities~~ of this ~~Country~~ for ~~Merchandizing~~ and ~~Exportation~~, is ~~Corn~~, and ~~Grain~~ of all sorts, ~~Hemp~~, ~~Flax~~, ~~Honey~~, ~~Wax~~, ~~Rosin~~, ~~Tar~~, Horses, and all sorts of rich ~~Furs~~, as Martins, Ermins, Sables, Bevers and the like, not wanting any necessary for nourishment save Wine and ~~Oyl~~, which ~~foreign~~ ~~Nations~~ do bring them.

		⚫	The commodities of this Countrey for merchandising and exportation, is Corne, and graine of all sorts, Hempe, Flaxe, Hony, Waxe, Rosen, Tarre, Horses, and all sorts of rich Furres, as Martins, Ermins, Sables, Bevers, and the like, not wanting any necessary for nourishment save Wine and Oyle, which forraine nations doe bring them.
⚫	* ~~1.3The Weight~~ in use is the ~~Pound~~, 20 pound whereof makes a ~~Lis-pound~~, and 20 ~~Lis-pound~~ makes a Ship-pound, and 12 Ship pound being 4000 pound, is accounted a Last of Rie both here and at ~~Narva~~, and the 100 pound of London hath been observed to make here 116 pound.

		⚫	The weight in use is the pound, 20 pound whereof makes a Lispound, and 20 Lispound makes a Ship-pound, and 12 Ship-pound being 4000 pound, is accounted a Last of Rie both here and at Nerva, and the 100 pound of [[London]] hath been observed to make here 116 pound.
⚫	* ~~1.4The Measure~~ is the Ell, agreeing with the Ell in use in ~~Kevel~~, Conixburg, and ~~Narva~~, 100 yards London making ~~160~~½ ~~incirca~~.

		⚫	The measure is the Ell agreeing with the Ell in use in [[Revel]], [[Conixburg\|Coninxburgh]], and Nerva, 100 yards London making 166½ in circa.
⚫	* ~~1.5The Coins~~ and ~~Accounts~~ differ not much here in value from the others before-mentioned, yet found to differ in appellation: for the Rix~~-Dollar~~, and the ~~Mark-Lups,~~ is here all one, which makes two Swedens or common ~~Marks~~, and one Sweden is ~~eight~~ Lups-shillings, one Lups is ~~two~~ ~~Shillings~~, one ~~Shilling~~ is ~~twelve~~ ~~Pence~~, and one ~~Peny~~ is two ~~Hellers~~.</blockquote>

		⚫	The coines and accounts differ not much here in value from the others before mentioned, yet found to differ in appellation: for the Rix Doller, and the Marke Lupes is here all one, which makes two Swedens or common Markes, and one Sweden is 8 Lups shillings: one Lups is 2 shillings, one shilling is 12 pence, and one peny is two hellers.</blockquote>

Admin: Created page with " ==Sources from old books== === 1700. The merchants map of commerce by Roberts, Lewes. CHAP. CCXXVII. Of Rhiga, and the Trade thereof. ===
* 1.1RHiga is the principal City of Livonia, or Lissland, seated near the Embosure of the River Dunia, strengthened with an exceeding strong Wall, many Ordnance to desend it against all Enemies, and bordering upon the Lissland Sea: it was formerly the chief residence of the Teutonick Knights, and then and now reinforced b..."

2024-12-21T22:50:30Z

Created page with " ==Sources from old books== === 1700. The merchants map of commerce by Roberts, Lewes. CHAP. CCXXVII. Of Rhiga, and the Trade thereof. === <blockquote>* 1.1RHiga is the principal City of Livonia, or Lissland, seated near the Embosure of the River Dunia, strengthened with an exceeding strong Wall, many Ordnance to desend it against all Enemies, and bordering upon the Lissland Sea: it was formerly the chief residence of the Teutonick Knights, and then and now reinforced b..."

New page

==Sources from old books==

=== 1700. The merchants map of commerce by Roberts, Lewes. CHAP. CCXXVII. Of Rhiga, and the Trade thereof. ===
<blockquote>* 1.1RHiga is the principal City of Livonia, or Lissland, seated near the Embosure of the River Dunia, strengthened with an exceeding strong Wall, many Ordnance to desend it against all Enemies, and bordering upon the Lissland Sea: it was formerly the chief residence of the Teutonick Knights, and then and now reinforced by the Garrison of D•…mund, accounted one of the impregnable Forts of this Northern Climate, where all Ships entring, are searched, and pay a certain Toll or Duty: the Inhabitants curious for the preservation of their Liberty, acknowledge the King of Poland for their Protector, to whom they pay a yearly Contribution, but else are governed by their own ancient Laws and Privi∣leges, which they enjoyed from the Knights their old Masters, at the resignation of this Country to that King.

* 1.2The Commodities of this Country for Merchandizing and Exportation, is Corn, and Grain of all sorts, Hemp, Flax, Honey, Wax, Rosin, Tar, Horses, and all sorts of rich Furs, as Martins, Ermins, Sables, Bevers and the like, not wanting any necessary for nourishment save Wine and Oyl, which foreign Nations do bring them.

* 1.3The Weight in use is the Pound, 20 pound whereof makes a Lis-pound, and 20 Lis-pound makes a Ship-pound, and 12 Ship pound being 4000 pound, is accounted a Last of Rie both here and at Narva, and the 100 pound of London hath been observed to make here 116 pound.

* 1.4The Measure is the Ell, agreeing with the Ell in use in Kevel, Conixburg, and Narva, 100 yards London making 160½ incirca.

* 1.5The Coins and Accounts differ not much here in value from the others before-mentioned, yet found to differ in appellation: for the Rix-Dollar, and the Mark-Lups, is here all one, which makes two Swedens or common Marks, and one Sweden is eight Lups-shillings, one Lups is two Shillings, one Shilling is twelve Pence, and one Peny is two Hellers.</blockquote>