Source:Bohun - Revision history

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	Angote, a City and Kingdom in the Upper Aethiopia.		Angote, a City and Kingdom in the Upper Aethiopia.

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	Angoulesme, Engolisma, is an Episcopal City in Aquitaine in France, under the Archbishop of Bourdeaux; it stands upon the River Charme, which falls into the Ocean right over against the Island of Orleron. There is belonging to it also a Dukedom which is bounded upon the North with Poictou, upon the East with Limosin, upon the South with Pericort, and upon the West with Xantogn. This Dukedom is call'd by the name of Angoumois.		Angoulesme, Engolisma, is an Episcopal City in Aquitaine in France, under the Archbishop of Bourdeaux; it stands upon the River Charme, which falls into the Ocean right over against the Island of Orleron. There is belonging to it also a Dukedom which is bounded upon the North with Poictou, upon the East with Limosin, upon the South with Pericort, and upon the West with Xantogn. This Dukedom is call'd by the name of Angoumois.

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	Antessa, Antissa, an antient City in the Island of Lesbos, which was heretofore a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mitylene. Ovid speaks of it, as also the antient Geographers, under the notion of its being it self an Island in their times: whence some believe, that the Canal betwixt Lesbos and it, has, by degrees, filled up and united with the Island of Lesbos.		Antessa, Antissa, an antient City in the Island of Lesbos, which was heretofore a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mitylene. Ovid speaks of it, as also the antient Geographers, under the notion of its being it self an Island in their times: whence some believe, that the Canal betwixt Lesbos and it, has, by degrees, filled up and united with the Island of Lesbos.

	Antibes, a Town and Port in Provence in France, which was heretofore a Bishops See under the Archbishop		Antibes, a Town and Port in Provence in France, which was heretofore a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Ambrun; but the See is since transferred to la Grace. There is a Castle to it.

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	of Ambrun; but the See is since transferred to la Grace. There is a Castle to it.

	Anticyra, an Island of Thessalia, famous for its Hellebore.		Anticyra, an Island of Thessalia, famous for its Hellebore.
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	Antros, a small Island at the Mouth of the Garonne, on the Coast of Guienne in France, where stands the celebrated Tour de Cordovan, to light the Vessels that go to Bordeaux.		Antros, a small Island at the Mouth of the Garonne, on the Coast of Guienne in France, where stands the celebrated Tour de Cordovan, to light the Vessels that go to Bordeaux.

	Antwerp, Anversa, called by the French, Anvers; by the Germans, Antorf, is a City of the Low Countries in the Dukedom of Brabant, upon the River Scheld. It is a large and beautiful City, and was about 100 years since, the most populous and best traded City in all those Provinces; and in 1559. was made a Bishops See, by Paul IV. In 1569. the Duke de Alva built here a strong Castle. In 1576. the Hollanders plundred it. In 1585. the Duke of Parma reduc'd it under the Dominion of the Spaniard again, in whose hands it now is: but all these Mutations, and the building of Forts upon the River by the Hollanders, has reduced much of its antient Glory, and it is now decaying. Abraham Ortelius, a learned Geographer, who was born here, has described this City at large, as also Lewis Guicciardin, in his Description of the Low Countries. It stands 10 Miles from Ghant, and as many from Brussels.

	Anzerma, or S. Anna d' Anzerma, a small City in the Kingdom of Popayan in America.		Anzerma, or S. Anna d' Anzerma, a small City in the Kingdom of Popayan in America.
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	Aorna, Aornus, a City of Bactria and a very strong rocky Castle in the Indies, both taken heretofore by Alexander the Great. § Also a River of Arcadia, and a certain contagious Lake of Epirus, and a Lake in Italy, mention'd by Virgil.		Aorna, Aornus, a City of Bactria and a very strong rocky Castle in the Indies, both taken heretofore by Alexander the Great. § Also a River of Arcadia, and a certain contagious Lake of Epirus, and a Lake in Italy, mention'd by Virgil.

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	Aouste, Augusta praetoria, a City and Dukedom of Piedinont: It is an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Tarantaise, and a part of the Dominions of the Duke of Savoy: it stands in a mountainous, but fruitful Soil; at the foot of the Grecian Alpes, upon the River Doria, where it receives the River Bauteggio, which do both fall into the Po. This City was a Roman Colony, call'd by Pliny, Italiae Limes, the Frontier of Italy. It is 50 Miles from Turin, East. S. Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, was born here.		Aouste, Augusta praetoria, a City and Dukedom of Piedinont: It is an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Tarantaise, and a part of the Dominions of the Duke of Savoy: it stands in a mountainous, but fruitful Soil; at the foot of the Grecian Alpes, upon the River Doria, where it receives the River Bauteggio, which do both fall into the Po. This City was a Roman Colony, call'd by Pliny, Italiae Limes, the Frontier of Italy. It is 50 Miles from Turin, East. S. Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, was born here.

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	Aqutaine, Aquatania, a third Part of the antient Gaul, supposed to be so call'd from the abundance of its Waters. The Emperour Augustus divided it into Prima and Secunda, including within both, Bordeaux, Agne, Angoulesme, Xaintes, Poitiers, Perigueux, Bourges, Clermont, Rodes, Albi, Cahors, Limoges, Mende, and Puy. Whereunto the Emperour Adrian added a third Province, by the Name of Novempopulonia. See Gascoigne. This Country continued in Obedience to the Roman Empire, till Honorius about the Year 412. yielded part thereof▪ to Athaulfe, King of the Goths, whose Successours took occasion thereupon to Usurp the whole. About the Year 630. it came into the Possession of the Crown of France entirely: The Gascoigners soon revoulted, giving to Eudos their Leader, the Title of Duke of Aquitain; which brought on a War that was not ended till the powerful Reign of Charles the Great. In 778. Charles the Great erected Aquitaine into a Kingdom, in the Person of Lewis the Debonnaire his Son. It continued a Kingdom about 100 Years, and then broke into particular Fiefs and Hereditaments. In 1152. it came to the Crown of England, as Dukes of Aquitaine, in the right of Eleanor Wife to Henry II. For its fortunes since, see Gascoigne.		Aqutaine, Aquatania, a third Part of the antient Gaul, supposed to be so call'd from the abundance of its Waters. The Emperour Augustus divided it into Prima and Secunda, including within both, Bordeaux, Agne, Angoulesme, Xaintes, Poitiers, Perigueux, Bourges, Clermont, Rodes, Albi, Cahors, Limoges, Mende, and Puy. Whereunto the Emperour Adrian added a third Province, by the Name of Novempopulonia. See Gascoigne. This Country continued in Obedience to the Roman Empire, till Honorius about the Year 412. yielded part thereof▪ to Athaulfe, King of the Goths, whose Successours took occasion thereupon to Usurp the whole. About the Year 630. it came into the Possession of the Crown of France entirely: The Gascoigners soon revoulted, giving to Eudos their Leader, the Title of Duke of Aquitain; which brought on a War that was not ended till the powerful Reign of Charles the Great. In 778. Charles the Great erected Aquitaine into a Kingdom, in the Person of Lewis the Debonnaire his Son. It continued a Kingdom about 100 Years, and then broke into particular Fiefs and Hereditaments. In 1152. it came to the Crown of England, as Dukes of Aquitaine, in the right of Eleanor Wife to Henry II. For its fortunes since, see Gascoigne.

	Arabia, is a very large Country in Asia: having on the North Syria and Diarbechia; upon the East the Persian Gulph, and the Streights of Basor, by which it is separated from Persia; on the South it has the Arabian Sea, and on the West the Red Sea, which cuts it off in great part from Africa. The Southern and Eastern parts, which are the greatest, are well cultivated; but the Northern is for the most part barren and sandy, having but few Inhabitants or Cities, by reason of the vast Desarts, barren Mountains, and want of Water. It is all under Princes of its own, except a small part of Arabia Petraea, in which the Turks have some few Forts. This vast Country is divided into three Parts, viz. The Desart, The Happy, and The Stony.

	Arabia Deserta, (the Desart) is the least part of all the three, and lies most North: call'd by the Asiaticks Berii Arabistan; bounded on the South by the Mountains of Arabia the Happy, on the East by the Province of Iraca, heretofore Chaldea; upon the North by Diarvechia, from which it is separated by the River Euphrates; upon the West by Syria, the Holy Land, and Arabia the Stony.

	Arabia Foelix, (the Happy) is the greatest of all the three parts, and lies extended to the South and East: it is call'd by the Inhabitants Jemen, and is encompass'd on all sides by the Sea, except towards the North, where it bounds upon the other two Arabia's. There are in this part many Kingdoms and great Cities, the Soil being fruitful, and the Country not easie to be invaded by the neighbour Nations, by reason of its Situation.

	Arabia Petraea, (the Stony) lies more West, and is call'd by the Turks Dase-lik Arabistan, or as others say, Baraab Arabistan by the Natives: it is bounded on the North by the Holy Land, and part of Syria; on the East by Arabia Deserta in part, and by Arabia Foelix in part, as also on the South; and on the West it has the Red Sea and Egypt. Two things have made these Countries known to all the World, The wandering of the Children of Israel 40 Years, in the first; and the Birth of that great Deceiver Mahomet, in the latter of these three Parts.

	Aracu•es, a People of Chili, which are the most Warlike of all the Americans.		Aracu•es, a People of Chili, which are the most Warlike of all the Americans.

Admin at 05:15, 18 October 2025

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	Bochir, Canopus, a City of Egypt, upon the Western Branch of the Nile, where Claudian the Poet was born; 25 Miles East of Alexandria.		Bochir, Canopus, a City of Egypt, upon the Western Branch of the Nile, where Claudian the Poet was born; 25 Miles East of Alexandria.

	Bochar, or Buchar, Bochora and Buchara, an antient and a stately City of Asia, in the Province of Mawaralnahra, call'd by the Romans Trans Oxiana Regio, a days Journey beyond the River Oxus; this City was the Birth-place of Avicenna, the famous Arabian Physician and Philosopher, who flourish'd in Spain, in the X. Century. He is said to have been the first that settled the true method of Physick by the many Books published by him; he was born in 992. and died in 1050.

	Bodegrave, a Town in Holland upon the Rhine, 3 Leagues from Ʋtrecht: Made remarkable by a Battle here fought betwixt the French and Dutch, in the Year 1672.		Bodegrave, a Town in Holland upon the Rhine, 3 Leagues from Ʋtrecht: Made remarkable by a Battle here fought betwixt the French and Dutch, in the Year 1672.
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	Bogdiana, the same with Moldavia.		Bogdiana, the same with Moldavia.

	Bohemia, a great Kingdom in Germany belonging to the House of Austria; which though it is almost encompassed by the German Territories, yet is properly no part of Germany. It has a distinct and different Language, and been a separate Kingdom ever since the year 1086. Bounded on the North and West by the Dukedom of Saxony, on the East by Hungary, and on the South by Bavaria and Austria: containing almost 40 Towns and Cities in it that they call Royal, whereof Prague is the Capital. This Kingdom maintained great Wars with the Caroline Race of Kings, till about the year 894. Borzivoius Duke of Moravia, becoming Prince also of Bohemia, procured their imbracing the Christian Faith universally. When in the year 1196. Petrus Capuanus, one of the Cardinals of Rome, would have brought in Celibacy amongst their Clergy, he met with great opposition, and ran the hazard of being slain by the Bohemian Priests. They received the Waldenses, who fled hither about the year 1230. John Hus's, and Jerom of Prague about the year 1414. had great success in their Preaching, and George Podi•bach King of Bohemia became his Convert. In 1454. there was		Bohemia, a great Kingdom in Germany belonging to the House of Austria; which though it is almost encompassed by the German Territories, yet is properly no part of Germany. It has a distinct and different Language, and been a separate Kingdom ever since the year 1086. Bounded on the North and West by the Dukedom of Saxony, on the East by Hungary, and on the South by Bavaria and Austria: containing almost 40 Towns and Cities in it that they call Royal, whereof Prague is the Capital. This Kingdom maintained great Wars with the Caroline Race of Kings, till about the year 894. Borzivoius Duke of Moravia, becoming Prince also of Bohemia, procured their imbracing the Christian Faith universally. When in the year 1196. Petrus Capuanus, one of the Cardinals of Rome, would have brought in Celibacy amongst their Clergy, he met with great opposition, and ran the hazard of being slain by the Bohemian Priests. They received the Waldenses, who fled hither about the year 1230. John Hus's, and Jerom of Prague about the year 1414. had great success in their Preaching, and George Podi•bach King of Bohemia became his Convert. In 1454. there was another Accession of the Waldenses; insomuch that in 1467. there was 200 Churches of this Persuasion in Bohemia and Moravia. In the year 1536, they imbraced Luther's Reformation: 1564, they obtained from Maximilian that Liberty which Ferdinand I. had deny'd them; which lasted but one Year. In 1575. they obtained their Liberty again, which was confirm'd in the Year 1611. by Rodolphus II. Matthias the next Emperor not maintaining these Grants, they chose Frederick Elector Palatine King of Bohemia, and Crown'd him at Prague in 1619. This caused a War with the House of Austria: The Elector being ejected by force of Arms in the Year 1620, for 30 Years following, Germany became an Acheldama, a Field of Blood; and the Reformation was ruined by an Edict made in 1630. And the House of Austria in Germany was in almost equal danger. Albertus Duke of Austria obtained this Crown by Election in the Year 1437. And in the Year 1526, Ferdinand Arch-Duke of Austria was freely elected after the former Branch had been discontinu'd; since which time there has been no Interruption but that unfortunate one made by Frederick Elector Palatine; so that it is become, by the Strength of the House of Austria and the Weakness of the Bohemians, an Hereditary Kingdom to the House of Austria. The King of Bohemia is the first secular Elector of the Emperor of Germany, though it be no part of the Empire.

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	another Accession of the Waldenses; insomuch that in 1467. there was 200 Churches of this Persuasion in Bohemia and Moravia. In the year 1536, they imbraced Luther's Reformation: 1564, they obtained from Maximilian that Liberty which Ferdinand I. had deny'd them; which lasted but one Year. In 1575. they obtained their Liberty again, which was confirm'd in the Year 1611. by Rodolphus II. Matthias the next Emperor not maintaining these Grants, they chose Frederick Elector Palatine King of Bohemia, and Crown'd him at Prague in 1619. This caused a War with the House of Austria: The Elector being ejected by force of Arms in the Year 1620, for 30 Years following, Germany became an Acheldama, a Field of Blood; and the Reformation was ruined by an Edict made in 1630. And the House of Austria in Germany was in almost equal danger. Albertus Duke of Austria obtained this Crown by Election in the Year 1437. And in the Year 1526, Ferdinand Arch-Duke of Austria was freely elected after the former Branch had been discontinu'd; since which time there has been no Interruption but that unfortunate one made by Frederick Elector Palatine; so that it is become, by the Strength of the House of Austria and the Weakness of the Bohemians, an Hereditary Kingdom to the House of Austria. The King of Bohemia is the first secular Elector of the Emperor of Germany, though it be no part of the Empire.

	Boiana, a River that divides Dalmatia from Macedonia; this River is commonly call'ed il Drino; and in its proper place I shall speak more of it.		Boiana, a River that divides Dalmatia from Macedonia; this River is commonly call'ed il Drino; and in its proper place I shall speak more of it.
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	Bolzano, a small Town in the Vicentine in Italy, under the Republick of Venice, upon the River Adige. Others place it in the Trentine, and say it is a very Trading Place.		Bolzano, a small Town in the Vicentine in Italy, under the Republick of Venice, upon the River Adige. Others place it in the Trentine, and say it is a very Trading Place.

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	Bombon, a Province of Peru in the West-Indies, towards the River Xauxa.		Bombon, a Province of Peru in the West-Indies, towards the River Xauxa.

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	Caragoza, Caesar Augusta. See Saragoza.		Caragoza, Caesar Augusta. See Saragoza.

	Caraman, Caramania, a Province of the Lesser Asia, extended from East to West upon the Mediterranean Sea, opposite to the Isle of Cyprus; this Country had heretofore Princes of its own, but has now for many Ages been subject to the Turks; it includes the antient Provinces of Cilicia, Pamphylia, and a part of Caria. One of the potentest Viceroys or Beglerbegs of the Turkish Empire, takes his Title from this Province, tho his Jurisdiction is somewhat larger. The principle Cities in it are Cogni, Antiochia, and Satulia. There is another Caramania or Carnania, a large Country in Persia, bounded on the East with Gedrosia or Circan, on the West with		Caraman, Caramania, a Province of the Lesser Asia, extended from East to West upon the Mediterranean Sea, opposite to the Isle of Cyprus; this Country had heretofore Princes of its own, but has now for many Ages been subject to the Turks; it includes the antient Provinces of Cilicia, Pamphylia, and a part of Caria. One of the potentest Viceroys or Beglerbegs of the Turkish Empire, takes his Title from this Province, tho his Jurisdiction is somewhat larger. The principle Cities in it are Cogni, Antiochia, and Satulia. There is another Caramania or Carnania, a large Country in Persia, bounded on the East with Gedrosia or Circan, on the West with Farsi, Sublestan to the North, and the Gulph of Ormus with the Indian Ocean to the South: Containing the Provinces of Guadel, Dulcinda, and Ormus. It is now called Kherman, after its capital City, which stands upon the River Bessiry. The Northern part is rather barren; but the middle is blessed with fruitful Vales.

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	Farsi, Sublestan to the North, and the Gulph of Ormus with the Indian Ocean to the South: Containing the Provinces of Guadel, Dulcinda, and Ormus. It is now called Kherman, after its capital City, which stands upon the River Bessiry. The Northern part is rather barren; but the middle is blessed with fruitful Vales.

	Caramit, Amida, Ammaea, the capital City of Mesopotamia, which is an Archbishops See upon the River Tigris. Heretofore called Constantia, from Constantius the Emperour. The Romans in this place received a great defeat by the Parthians. Long. 75. 00. Lat. 39. 30. according to the latest Maps. It is secured with good Walls, and 360 Towers.		Caramit, Amida, Ammaea, the capital City of Mesopotamia, which is an Archbishops See upon the River Tigris. Heretofore called Constantia, from Constantius the Emperour. The Romans in this place received a great defeat by the Parthians. Long. 75. 00. Lat. 39. 30. according to the latest Maps. It is secured with good Walls, and 360 Towers.
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	Castona, Castulo, a City in the Kingdom of Andaluzia in Spain, upon the River Guadalimar, which has sometime been a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Toledo. Famous for the Defeat of the Moors in the year 1202. in the Reign of Alphonsus King of Castile; the Christians killing 200000 of them upon the spot near this place.		Castona, Castulo, a City in the Kingdom of Andaluzia in Spain, upon the River Guadalimar, which has sometime been a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Toledo. Famous for the Defeat of the Moors in the year 1202. in the Reign of Alphonsus King of Castile; the Christians killing 200000 of them upon the spot near this place.

	The Caspian Sea, was named at first the Sea of Chosar, from a great Granchild of Noah: Nubius in his Geography stiles it the Sea of Thavisthan. The Moors call it and the Gulph of Arabia, Bohar Corsuin; the Persians call both Kulsum; the Greek and Latin Writers, the Caspian and Hyrcanian Sea; the Muscovites, Gualenskoy-more. The Antients generally thought it a Bay of the Great Indian Ocean, or that it had some Communication with the Euxine Sea. Though a vast number of Rivers fall into this Sea, yet it is not perceived any way to increase. It is in length from North to South 120 Miles, in breadth 90. Some represent it 800 Miles long and 650 broad. In the Winter for the most part frozen. It is in effect no other than a great Lake. The Waters of it are as salt as any other; yet it neither Ebs nor flows, nor has any Islands. This Sea has the Kingdom of Astracan on the North, Persia on the South, Circassia on the West, and Caratansca on the East.

	Casriae Portae, are certain difficult Passes through the Rocks and Mountains near the Caspian Sea, in the Province of Schirvan in Persia; only large enough for a single Chariot 8000 paces together, leading to the Cities of Teflis and Derbent; whence they are sometimes called the Gates of Teflis; and Derbent amongst the Turks Temir Capi, that is, the Iron Gate: see Derbent. § The Caspian Mountains are a Chain of Mountains extended from North to South in Asia, betwixt Armenia and the Caspian Sea. § The Caspii were an antient People amongst the Scythians upon the Borders of the same Sea.		Casriae Portae, are certain difficult Passes through the Rocks and Mountains near the Caspian Sea, in the Province of Schirvan in Persia; only large enough for a single Chariot 8000 paces together, leading to the Cities of Teflis and Derbent; whence they are sometimes called the Gates of Teflis; and Derbent amongst the Turks Temir Capi, that is, the Iron Gate: see Derbent. § The Caspian Mountains are a Chain of Mountains extended from North to South in Asia, betwixt Armenia and the Caspian Sea. § The Caspii were an antient People amongst the Scythians upon the Borders of the same Sea.

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	Bacha Serrail, or Bacie-Saray, the Capital City of the lesser Tartary upon the River Kabarta, and the usual residence of the Cham of the Crims.		Bacha Serrail, or Bacie-Saray, the Capital City of the lesser Tartary upon the River Kabarta, and the usual residence of the Cham of the Crims.

	Bachu, ~~a City of Albania upon the Caspian Sea; in the times of the Roman Empire it is supposed to have been called Albana; but there is some Controversie about it~~. ~~From this City the Caspian Sea is called by some Mar di Bachu~~. § And there is also another City in Arabia Felix called by the same name in Ptolemy.		Bachu ... And there is also another City in Arabia Felix called by the same name in Ptolemy.

	Backow, Bachow, Baccovia, a City of Walachia (as others of Moldavia) upon the River Alauta, which falls into the Danube a little above Nicopolis. This was made a Bishops See by Pope Clement VIII. under the Archbishop of Colocza: it is in the Northern Bounds of Walachia, about 25 Miles North, West of Targvisco, the Capital City of that Province. By some called Braislow.		Backow, Bachow, Baccovia, a City of Walachia (as others of Moldavia) upon the River Alauta, which falls into the Danube a little above Nicopolis. This was made a Bishops See by Pope Clement VIII. under the Archbishop of Colocza: it is in the Northern Bounds of Walachia, about 25 Miles North, West of Targvisco, the Capital City of that Province. By some called Braislow.
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	Deptford, a large Town in Kent in Sutton Lath; situated at the fall of the River Ravensburn into the Thames amongst rich and low Meadows, and provided with a Dock and Store-house for the Navy Royal. It is divided into the Upper and Lower Town.		Deptford, a large Town in Kent in Sutton Lath; situated at the fall of the River Ravensburn into the Thames amongst rich and low Meadows, and provided with a Dock and Store-house for the Navy Royal. It is divided into the Upper and Lower Town.

	Derbent, Caucasie Portae, Porta ferrea, Alexandria, a City of Persia upon the Caspian Sea, between the Foot of Mount Caucasus and that Sea; on the Borders of Georgia, near the River Korr: called by Turks Demir, or Temir Capi; that is, the Iron Gate: not that there is any Iron Gate, but by reason of the Strength and Fortifications of this City; which are such as may resist the fury of almost any Enemy, the Passage being but three hundred Paces. It has a sine Haven and a strong Castle, in the hands of the King of Persia; but it is declining, the lower part next the Sea, being little or nothing inhabited. It is said Alexander the Great built this City, to shut up that Passage against the Scythians, who were always the Terror of the civilized World, and have been often the Scourges of it. Long. 80. 00. Lat. 49. 00.

	Derbices, an ancient People about the Mountain Caucasus in Persia, towards the Caspian Sea, and the Confines of Scythia; said to be very Cruel and Barbarous in many Customs.		Derbices, an ancient People about the Mountain Caucasus in Persia, towards the Caspian Sea, and the Confines of Scythia; said to be very Cruel and Barbarous in many Customs.

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	Alla, a River in the Ducal Prussia in Poland.		Alla, a River in the Ducal Prussia in Poland.

	Allatur, a Town in the Kingdom of Cazan in Moscovy upon the River Cama.

	Alleburg, a small Town upon the River Alla in the Ducal Prussia in Poland.		Alleburg, a small Town upon the River Alla in the Ducal Prussia in Poland.
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	Antinoe, Antios, Antinopolis, a City of Aegypt, 6 Leagues from the Nile, and heretofore a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Thebes. It had Twelve Religious Houses in it for Women in the time of Palladius. Now utterly ruin'd.		Antinoe, Antios, Antinopolis, a City of Aegypt, 6 Leagues from the Nile, and heretofore a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Thebes. It had Twelve Religious Houses in it for Women in the time of Palladius. Now utterly ruin'd.

	Antioch, Antiochia, call'd by the Turks Antachia; by the Arabians, Anthakia. It was built by Seleucus, the Son of Antiochus King of Syria, one of the Successors of Alexander the Great, and call'd after his Fathers Name. This City was, during the times the Greeks and Romans were possessed of it, the Capital of Syria, or rather of the East; here the Disciples and Followers of our Saviour Jesus Christ were first called Christians; and accordingly, the Bishop of this City was accounted the Third Patriarch of the World, Rome being the First, and Alexandria the Second: others count it the Second Patriarchate. As it had these great Honors, so it was excellently built, strongly fortified both by Art and Nature, and very Populous, till it fell into the hands of the Arabians, Mamalucks and Turks, who have made it desolate, and suffer'd all its stately, and most of its common Buildings, to fall into decay. June 3. 1098. it was recovered by the Christians, but in 1188. it was again betrayed into the hands of the Mahometans, who have been the Masters of it ever since: it is incompassed with a double Wall, one of Stone and the other of Brick, with 460 Towers within the Walls: the greatest part of these Walls remain with a most impregnable Castle at the East end of the City, but almost all the Houses are falling down; so that the Patriarch has remov'd his Dwelling to Damascus. This City is built on both sides of the River Orontes over which there was a Bridge. It stands about 12 Miles from the Mediterranean, the River Pharpar passing on the South side of it. This place is called in the Prophets, Ri•lah, and was memorable in those times for the Tragedies of •ec•nias and Zedechias, Kings of Judah. It stands about 20 Miles from Scanderone, South, and 22 from Aleppo: in 68. d. 10. m. Long. and 36. 20. Lat.

	Antiochia Ciliciae, was a City of Asia the Less in Cilicia, a Bishops See, seated upon the River Pyramus; but what it is now is not known.		Antiochia Ciliciae, was a City of Asia the Less in Cilicia, a Bishops See, seated upon the River Pyramus; but what it is now is not known.
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	Aquila, the chief City of Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples. It is a Bishops See, once under the Archbishop of Chieti, but now exempted from his Jurisdiction: seated on a Hill, and has a strong Castle in it; the River Pescara flows near it▪ it is 60 Miles distant from Rome, to the South-East.		Aquila, the chief City of Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples. It is a Bishops See, once under the Archbishop of Chieti, but now exempted from his Jurisdiction: seated on a Hill, and has a strong Castle in it; the River Pescara flows near it▪ it is 60 Miles distant from Rome, to the South-East.

	Aquileja, is call'd by the French Aquilee, by the Germans Aglar, and Aglareu: a Patriarchal City of Italy; in antient times very great, and one of the principal Cities of Italy, the Residence of some Emperours. In 452. Attila, King of the Huns, took and destroyed it, after a Siege of 3 Years: after this, being rebuilt by Narsetes, it was again Burnt and Ruin'd by the Lombards in 590. and was after this rebuilt by Popon•, Patriarch of it. In antient times it was under the temporal		Aquileja, is call'd by the French Aquilee, by the Germans Aglar, and Aglareu: a Patriarchal City of Italy; in antient times very great, and one of the principal Cities of Italy, the Residence of some Emperours. In 452. Attila, King of the Huns, took and destroyed it, after a Siege of 3 Years: after this, being rebuilt by Narsetes, it was again Burnt and Ruin'd by the Lombards in 590. and was after this rebuilt by Popon•, Patriarch of it. In antient times it was under the temporal Jurisdiction of these Patriarchs; but being afterwards taken by the Dukes of Austria, it remains to this day in their hands. It is now almost desolate, by reason of its bad Air, troublesom Rubbish and Ruins, and the Vicinity of Venice, which draws all Trade from it. This City lies between the River Isonzo to the East, and Ansa to the West; and is not above 9 Miles distant from the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea on the North. It lies in 36. 10. Long. and 45. 45. Lat.

	=== descriptionPage 20 ===
	Jurisdiction of these Patriarchs; but being afterwards taken by the Dukes of Austria, it remains to this day in their hands. It is now almost desolate, by reason of its bad Air, troublesom Rubbish and Ruins, and the Vicinity of Venice, which draws all Trade from it. This City lies between the River Isonzo to the East, and Ansa to the West; and is not above 9 Miles distant from the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea on the North. It lies in 36. 10. Long. and 45. 45. Lat.

	Aquino, Aquinum, a very antient City in the Terra di Lavoro, in the Kingdom of Naples: a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Capona, and heretofore a Roman Colony. Almost Ruin'd, and little consiberable now, but for its being the Birth-place of S. Thomas Aquinas, as formerly of the Poet Juvenal.		Aquino, Aquinum, a very antient City in the Terra di Lavoro, in the Kingdom of Naples: a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Capona, and heretofore a Roman Colony. Almost Ruin'd, and little consiberable now, but for its being the Birth-place of S. Thomas Aquinas, as formerly of the Poet Juvenal.
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	Aranios, Aranus, a River of Transylvania arising near Clausenberg, and afterwards falling into the Mash.		Aranios, Aranus, a River of Transylvania arising near Clausenberg, and afterwards falling into the Mash.

	Ararat, Arat, by the Armenians call'd Mesesousar, or the Mountain of the Ark, by the Persians Agri; is a part of the Caspian Mountains near Erivan in Armenia, and the most renowned of all others, for sustaining the Ark of Noah, after the Universal Deluge. It exceeds in height Caucasus and Taurus, carrying its head into the temperate Region, whilst some of the lower part of it is covered with continual Snow. Every 5 Leagues upwards, the Christians have built a little Hermitage, where the curious Traveller may be refreshed. They will tell you there is a Cell, and ordinarily

	=== descriptionPage 21 ===
	a Hermite in it, upon the highest Top, who lives as a Recluse for his Life. But the story of Noah's Ark remaining uncorrupted and entire to this day, by reason of the temperature of the Air, which the said Hermite shews you, I suppose is grounded upon as good an Authority.

	Arasch, a Town and Port in the Province of Asgar in the Kingdom of Fez: fortified with a strong Wall and a Castle.		Arasch, a Town and Port in the Province of Asgar in the Kingdom of Fez: fortified with a strong Wall and a Castle.
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	Arce. The same with Petra in Arabia Deserta.		Arce. The same with Petra in Arabia Deserta.

	Arch-Angel, is a very famous Sea-Port in the North of Muscovy, in the Province of Dwina, upon the River Dwin; which near this place is divided into two Branches, making the Island of Podesmeske, and then falling into the White-Sea, 6 German Miles beneath this City. The passage by Sea to this City was first sound out by one Richard Chandler, an English-man, in the Year 1554, or near that time, before which the Muscovites had no Communication with these parts of the World, excepting by the Baltick Sea, by Narva, and Poland: accordingly, the English were at first treated with great Kindness by the Princes of Muscovy, and in the Year 1569, obtain'd from Basilovits, the Emperour of Muscovy, that none but the English should Trade here; but since that, the Dutch, Danes, and Swedes, have had their share; and Arch-Angel, which when it was discover'd was a Village, is now become a rich and populous City. This City lies in 64d. of lat.

	Archidona, a Town in Andaluzia in Spain. § Also a small City of Peru in America.		Archidona, a Town in Andaluzia in Spain. § Also a small City of Peru in America.

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	Carfagniana, Carferoniana, Grafiniana, a Valley in the States of the Duke of Florence in Italy amongst the Apennine Mountains; betwixt the States of Lucca, Regio, and Modena.		Carfagniana, Carferoniana, Grafiniana, a Valley in the States of the Duke of Florence in Italy amongst the Apennine Mountains; betwixt the States of Lucca, Regio, and Modena.

	Cargapol, a City of Russia upon the River Onega, or Poroga, almost 200 Russian Miles from Archangel to the South-West. This City gives name to a Province on the White Sea.

	Caridia, a small Town and Gulph in the Province of Romania in the Morea, about 10 Leagues from Gallipoli, upon the Archipelago. Heretofore a more considerable place, and known to the Antients under the Name Cardiopolis.		Caridia, a small Town and Gulph in the Province of Romania in the Morea, about 10 Leagues from Gallipoli, upon the Archipelago. Heretofore a more considerable place, and known to the Antients under the Name Cardiopolis.
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	Carignan, a Principality and City in Piedmont, situated upon the Po, which is here covered with a good Bridge, betwixt Turin and Carmagnole: In a fruitful Soil, and defended with a Castle.		Carignan, a Principality and City in Piedmont, situated upon the Po, which is here covered with a good Bridge, betwixt Turin and Carmagnole: In a fruitful Soil, and defended with a Castle.

	Carin, Cyrrhus, a City of Syria, which had its antient Name from Cyrus the Founder of it: first		Carin, Cyrrhus, a City of Syria, which had its antient Name from Cyrus the Founder of it: first a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Hierapolis; afterwards a Metropolis under the Patriarch of Antioch; seated upon the River Marsyas, now Quars, which falls into the Euphrates at Samosat; 45 Miles from Zeugma to the North-East, and as many from the Euphrates to the West, and 25 from Aleppo to the North. Long. 70. 10. Lat. 36. 00.

	=== descriptionPage 76 ===
	a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Hierapolis; afterwards a Metropolis under the Patriarch of Antioch; seated upon the River Marsyas, now Quars, which falls into the Euphrates at Samosat; 45 Miles from Zeugma to the North-East, and as many from the Euphrates to the West, and 25 from Aleppo to the North. Long. 70. 10. Lat. 36. 00.

	Carinola, Calenum, a small City in the Province di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Capua but the City is almost desolate, by reason of the unhealthfulness of its situation. It stands at the foot of Mount Massico, 4 Miles from the Shoars of the Tyrrheman Sea, and 25 North of Naples; giving the Title of an Earldom.		Carinola, Calenum, a small City in the Province di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Capua but the City is almost desolate, by reason of the unhealthfulness of its situation. It stands at the foot of Mount Massico, 4 Miles from the Shoars of the Tyrrheman Sea, and 25 North of Naples; giving the Title of an Earldom.
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	Duysburg. See Duisburg.		Duysburg. See Duisburg.

	Dwina, Duna, Dzwina, a vast River in Muscovy or Russia, which riseth in the Province of Megrina, from two several Heads that unite at VVologda, one of the principal Cities of Russia; and running North-East, passeth by the Lake of Soeclina, beneath which, it receiveth from the East the River Juga; and a little lower the River VVuyma; then turning North-East, it falls into the VVhite Sea by three Mouths; upon the most Eastern of which, stands Arch-Angel, the only frequented Port of Russia. The heads of this River were called before their union, Jagel and Sachana; and after it Dwina. § There is another River of the same Name, which riseth out of a Lake of the same Name, ten Leagues from the Lake of Fronowo, and the Sources of the Nieper; and falls into the Baltick Sea below Riga, saith Olearius. I suppose this is it which the latter▪ Maps call Duna. This River riseth in a Province of Russia called Novogard, near the Lake VVolga, and the Fountains of the River of that Name; and turning Westward, being augmented by some smaller Rivers, it entereth Lithuania at VVitepks; then passing Poloczko, Drima, Duneberg, Kakenheusen, and separating Livonia from Semigallia, it falls into the Gulph or Bay of Livonia (a part of the Baltick Sea) on the South of Riga, by Dunemund, a Castle seated on the Mouth of it. The Muscovites call it Dzwina, saith Baudrand. § The Province of Dwina is the greatest and most Northern of all Russia; heretofore subject to the Duke of Novogard; one hundred Russian Miles in length. It had formerly but one City, called by the same Name, which stands in the middle of it; but since the Passage to Arch-Angel has been discovered, it is become one of the most considerable Provinces in Russia; Arch-Angel being seated in this Province, and the greatest Trade driven on the Dwina.

	Dyfy. See Dee, a River in VVales.		Dyfy. See Dee, a River in VVales.
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	Estella, or Stella, a small City in the Kingdom of Navarr, upon the River Ega, where it receives the Vreder; eight Miles from Pampelona to the South, and the same from Calahorra to the North. Built in the year 1094. It is the Capital of the Territory called la Merindada de Estella.		Estella, or Stella, a small City in the Kingdom of Navarr, upon the River Ega, where it receives the Vreder; eight Miles from Pampelona to the South, and the same from Calahorra to the North. Built in the year 1094. It is the Capital of the Territory called la Merindada de Estella.

	Esten, Esthonia, a considerable Province in the North of Livonia; heretofore under the Poles, but now the Swedes. It lies between the Sinus Finnicus, a part of the Baltick Sea to the North; Lettonia, Liefland, to the South; the Bay of Riga to the West; and Ingria a Province of Russia, to the East: the chief City in it, is Revel, the Capital of this Province, which is sometimes called Eastland.

	Estepa. Astapa, a City or great Town in Andalusia in Spain, seated upon a Hill, in the Confines of the Kingdom of Granada; about twelve Miles from Malaga to the North, and seventeen from Sevil to the South-East. This sprung out of the ruines of Astapa, an old Iberian City, or Phoenician Colony; which being besieged by Marcellus, a Roman General, the Inhabitants burnt themselves with their Wives and Children and all they had, that they might not fall into the hands of the Romans, as Livy saith.		Estepa. Astapa, a City or great Town in Andalusia in Spain, seated upon a Hill, in the Confines of the Kingdom of Granada; about twelve Miles from Malaga to the North, and seventeen from Sevil to the South-East. This sprung out of the ruines of Astapa, an old Iberian City, or Phoenician Colony; which being besieged by Marcellus, a Roman General, the Inhabitants burnt themselves with their Wives and Children and all they had, that they might not fall into the hands of the Romans, as Livy saith.
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	Estouteville, a Town in the Ʋpper Normandy in France, advanced to the quality of a Dukedom by King Francis I. in 1538. There is a Noble Family deriving their Name from it.		Estouteville, a Town in the Ʋpper Normandy in France, advanced to the quality of a Dukedom by King Francis I. in 1538. There is a Noble Family deriving their Name from it.

	Estremadura, Extremadura, is a Province of the Kingdom of Portugal, at the Mouth of the Tagus, upon the Western Ocean: bounded on the North by Beira, on the West and South it has the Ocean, and on the East the rest of Portugal. The principal City is Lisbon, the Capital of the Kingdom; and as for this Province, it is divided into six Counties, which they call Comarcaes. § There was anciently another Province called La Estremadura de Castilla, because it was Extrema Durii; for on the North it was bounded by the Durius, or Douero, a great River of Spain; on the West it was separated from the Kingdom of		Estremadura, Extremadura, is a Province of the Kingdom of Portugal, at the Mouth of the Tagus, upon the Western Ocean: bounded on the North by Beira, on the West and South it has the Ocean, and on the East the rest of Portugal. The principal City is Lisbon, the Capital of the Kingdom; and as for this Province, it is divided into six Counties, which they call Comarcaes. § There was anciently another Province called La Estremadura de Castilla, because it was Extrema Durii; for on the North it was bounded by the Durius, or Douero, a great River of Spain; on the West it was separated from the Kingdom of Leon, by the Rivers Heban and Rigamon; from thence it extended by the Rivers Guadarrama, which washeth Madrid and Somosierra, to the Fountains of the River Douero: so that it was one hundred Spanish Leagues in compass, and Segovia was the Capital of this Province: but as Ximines saith, after it was united to Castile, it lost the Name, which in after times was given to others.

	=== descriptionPage 136 ===
	Leon, by the Rivers Heban and Rigamon; from thence it extended by the Rivers Guadarrama, which washeth Madrid and Somosierra, to the Fountains of the River Douero: so that it was one hundred Spanish Leagues in compass, and Segovia was the Capital of this Province: but as Ximines saith, after it was united to Castile, it lost the Name, which in after times was given to others.

	Etsch, Athesis, a River of Italy, called by the Italians, Adige; by the Germans, Etch. It springeth out of Mount Brenna, one of the highest of the Alpine Mountains in Tirol; and passing through a Territory of Etschlender, which takes its Name from it, it leaves Meran and Bolsano (considerable Towns) on the East; turning South, it takes in the Rivers Eisock (which falls by Brixen), Neves and Lavisium; then watereth the famous City of Trent, beneath which it admits Perzene, and so goes on to Verona, which it divides in its passage; and passing Legnano, Rovigo and Anguilara, it falls into the Adriatick Sea by Porto di Fossone, in later Maps called Porto di l'Adige; eighteen Miles South of Venice, and three North of the Mouth of the Po.		Etsch, Athesis, a River of Italy, called by the Italians, Adige; by the Germans, Etch. It springeth out of Mount Brenna, one of the highest of the Alpine Mountains in Tirol; and passing through a Territory of Etschlender, which takes its Name from it, it leaves Meran and Bolsano (considerable Towns) on the East; turning South, it takes in the Rivers Eisock (which falls by Brixen), Neves and Lavisium; then watereth the famous City of Trent, beneath which it admits Perzene, and so goes on to Verona, which it divides in its passage; and passing Legnano, Rovigo and Anguilara, it falls into the Adriatick Sea by Porto di Fossone, in later Maps called Porto di l'Adige; eighteen Miles South of Venice, and three North of the Mouth of the Po.
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	Eugubio. See Gubio.		Eugubio. See Gubio.

	Euphrates, though I have discoursed shortly of this River already in the word Aferat, yet because I then wanted some Books that were necessary to give a full account of it, I will here enlarge upon what I there omitted. The first City of Note it washeth, is Baberd; the second Ezrum, so far as it runs West; then it turns South, and passeth by Arzingan and Maaraz, where it takes in Cobaqueb; and over against Ʋrpha, it receives a River which comes from Aleppo; so passing Bir, Rasseca, Belis, Chabuca, as far as Alchabar, it takes in from the East Soaid; and a little lower at Waset and Olim, falls into the Tigris: thus our latest Maps describe the Course of this vast River. The Learned Bochartus saith out of Pliny, Lib. 5. Cap. 26. that eighty three Miles beneath Zeugma, at Massicen, the Euphrates is divided; and on the left hand (the East) it goes into Mesopotamia by Selucia, a little beneath which, it entereth the Tigris. Ptolomy Lib. 5. Cap. 18. agrees with Pliny in this: then he mentions another Branch by the Name of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, the Kings River, or Cut: which by the Arabians is called Amelic; and by Ammianus, Naar-Malcha; which he interprets too the King's River, Lib. 24. which Abidenus saith, was digged by the Order of Nabuchodonozor. Pliny tells us, the reason of this Cut was to prevent the Drowning of Babylon in great Floods. More to the South was a third Branch, which went into the Tigris and Sur, upon which the great Babylon stood by the confession of Ptolomy, though in his Maps it is placed on the second. There was a fourth Branch went to the West, called Kulpa, now Cufa, about the Name of which they are not agreed; but the use of it was to fill a vast Lake on the West of Babylon. Now as to these Branches, the Arabian Geographers agree in these Divisions as still extant. And yet that Branch which went through Babylon, Theodoret saith, was very small, and perhaps now intirely lost. The first and second of the Eastern Branches are represented in our later Maps; and the Western Branch at Cufa; which appear all like Rivers running into the Euphrates, when as indeed they are Branches going out of it. The first is that which the Maps call Zab Major; the second has no Name, but it ought to pass streight to Bagdet; and that which is now the main Stream, seems to have forced its way in a new Channel, after the other was lost and dammed up by Time: the Lakes also to the West which were designed to receive the Waters in times of great Inundations, are filled up by the Mud and Sand, brought down by the River. However that Branch that runs to Cufa, never comes to any Sea, but is lost in the Sands of Arabia; and has turned the fruitful Plains of Babylon into a mere Morass or Bogg, unpassable, uninhabitable. This is the sum of what Mr. Bochart has related more at large. Both Pliny and Strabo agree, that it yearly overflows as the Nile does, and much about the same time; which Inundation has the same effect, as to the sertility of Mesopotamia, that the overflowing of the Nile has upon Egypt. M. Thevenot who crossed it at Bir, saith, it is in Semur not bigger		Euphrates, though I have discoursed shortly of this River already in the word Aferat, yet because I then wanted some Books that were necessary to give a full account of it, I will here enlarge upon what I there omitted. The first City of Note it washeth, is Baberd; the second Ezrum, so far as it runs West; then it turns South, and passeth by Arzingan and Maaraz, where it takes in Cobaqueb; and over against Ʋrpha, it receives a River which comes from Aleppo; so passing Bir, Rasseca, Belis, Chabuca, as far as Alchabar, it takes in from the East Soaid; and a little lower at Waset and Olim, falls into the Tigris: thus our latest Maps describe the Course of this vast River. The Learned Bochartus saith out of Pliny, Lib. 5. Cap. 26. that eighty three Miles beneath Zeugma, at Massicen, the Euphrates is divided; and on the left hand (the East) it goes into Mesopotamia by Selucia, a little beneath which, it entereth the Tigris. Ptolomy Lib. 5. Cap. 18. agrees with Pliny in this: then he mentions another Branch by the Name of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, the Kings River, or Cut: which by the Arabians is called Amelic; and by Ammianus, Naar-Malcha; which he interprets too the King's River, Lib. 24. which Abidenus saith, was digged by the Order of Nabuchodonozor. Pliny tells us, the reason of this Cut was to prevent the Drowning of Babylon in great Floods. More to the South was a third Branch, which went into the Tigris and Sur, upon which the great Babylon stood by the confession of Ptolomy, though in his Maps it is placed on the second. There was a fourth Branch went to the West, called Kulpa, now Cufa, about the Name of which they are not agreed; but the use of it was to fill a vast Lake on the West of Babylon. Now as to these Branches, the Arabian Geographers agree in these Divisions as still extant. And yet that Branch which went through Babylon, Theodoret saith, was very small, and perhaps now intirely lost. The first and second of the Eastern Branches are represented in our later Maps; and the Western Branch at Cufa; which appear all like Rivers running into the Euphrates, when as indeed they are Branches going out of it. The first is that which the Maps call Zab Major; the second has no Name, but it ought to pass streight to Bagdet; and that which is now the main Stream, seems to have forced its way in a new Channel, after the other was lost and dammed up by Time: the Lakes also to the West which were designed to receive the Waters in times of great Inundations, are filled up by the Mud and Sand, brought down by the River. However that Branch that runs to Cufa, never comes to any Sea, but is lost in the Sands of Arabia; and has turned the fruitful Plains of Babylon into a mere Morass or Bogg, unpassable, uninhabitable. This is the sum of what Mr. Bochart has related more at large. Both Pliny and Strabo agree, that it yearly overflows as the Nile does, and much about the same time; which Inundation has the same effect, as to the sertility of Mesopotamia, that the overflowing of the Nile has upon Egypt. M. Thevenot who crossed it at Bir, saith, it is in Semur not bigger than the Seine at Paris; though its Bed is twice as big. The Waters of it run very slowly, and are Navigable, as far as to the place where it joins the Tigris.

	=== descriptionPage 137 ===
	than the Seine at Paris; though its Bed is twice as big. The Waters of it run very slowly, and are Navigable, as far as to the place where it joins the Tigris.

	Evisse. See Ivica.		Evisse. See Ivica.

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	Cattay, or Catio, a Region of Asia, supposed by learned Men to be China, or some part of it towards the North, comprehending the Provinces of Peking, Xantung, Honan, Suchuen, Xensi, and Xansi; whereof Peking is the Capital City. Being under the K. of Tartary, it is likewise called Tartary de Kan.		Cattay, or Catio, a Region of Asia, supposed by learned Men to be China, or some part of it towards the North, comprehending the Provinces of Peking, Xantung, Honan, Suchuen, Xensi, and Xansi; whereof Peking is the Capital City. Being under the K. of Tartary, it is likewise called Tartary de Kan.

	Cattaro, Cattara, a City in Dalmatia, which has been under the Venetians ever since 1420. It is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Bari; and is a strong Place, well seated on a Hill, having a Castle belonging to it, and 17 Villages. It lies 40 Miles South of Ragusa, and 35 North-West of Scutari, upon a Bay of the Adriatick Sea, call'd Cattaro, which takes its name from this Place. The Turks have often attempted to take it in Vain.

	Catti, an antient People of Hassia and Thuringia, in Germany, who sometime passing into Holland, have left the Names of Catwick Opzee to a Town upon the Sea Coast, and Catwick op den Rhein to another upon the Rhine. In the Reign of Tiberius, the Hermanduri gave them a terrible Defeat, wherein they destroy'd both Man and Beast, upon a pretence of having Consecrated the Spoils to Mars and Mercury.		Catti, an antient People of Hassia and Thuringia, in Germany, who sometime passing into Holland, have left the Names of Catwick Opzee to a Town upon the Sea Coast, and Catwick op den Rhein to another upon the Rhine. In the Reign of Tiberius, the Hermanduri gave them a terrible Defeat, wherein they destroy'd both Man and Beast, upon a pretence of having Consecrated the Spoils to Mars and Mercury.

	Catzenelbogen, Catti Meliboci, a Country in the Province of Weteraw in Germany under the Landgrave of Hesse Cassel. The antient Catti its Inhabitants have left it this Name. In the Year 1548. the Emperor Charles V. adjudged this Country to William Earl of Nassau who made pretensions to it: But the Arrest was afterwards cassated by the Treaty of Paslaw.		Catzenelbogen, Catti Meliboci, a Country in the Province of Weteraw in Germany under the Landgrave of Hesse Cassel. The antient Catti its Inhabitants have left it this Name. In the Year 1548. the Emperor Charles V. adjudged this Country to William Earl of Nassau who made pretensions to it: But the Arrest was afterwards cassated by the Treaty of Paslaw.

	Cava, a great and populous City and a Bishop's See in the hither Calabria in the Kingdom of Naples; seated partly upon a Hill, and partly in a Valley, within four Miles of Salerno, and about 20 from Naples to the South. This Bishop was heretofore a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Salerno; but now exempted; and is immediately under the Pope; which Honor was obtained from Boniface IX, in 1394. yet is the Bishop's Jurisdiction limited with the Walls of the City. There is also a Abbey in it.

	Cavado, Cavadus, a River of Portugal, which ariseth in Gallicia, and watering the City of Braga, falls into the Ocean.		Cavado, Cavadus, a River of Portugal, which ariseth in Gallicia, and watering the City of Braga, falls into the Ocean.

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	Babelmandel, Diodori Insula, is a small Island in the Red Sea, belonging to Aethiopia, mentioned by Pliny, Ptolemy, Arrian, and others: but the later Geographers are not agreed whether this be it, or Primeira, which lies near it. It lies in the very entrance of the Red Sea, or Arabick Gulph, and gives name to that passage.		Babelmandel, Diodori Insula, is a small Island in the Red Sea, belonging to Aethiopia, mentioned by Pliny, Ptolemy, Arrian, and others: but the later Geographers are not agreed whether this be it, or Primeira, which lies near it. It lies in the very entrance of the Red Sea, or Arabick Gulph, and gives name to that passage.

	Babylon, one of the most famous Cities of the antient World, celebrated both in Sacred and Profane Story. It is seated upon the Euphrates, and was the Capital of Chaldea, about 42 Miles from Bagdet to the South East, in 79. d. of Long▪ and 35 of Nor. Lat. Generally believed to have been built by Nimrod, the Grand-child of Noah, soon after the Deluge; and to have been a continuation of Babel, so called, because the Lord did there confound the Language of all the Earth, Gen. 11. 9. This City was antiently incompassed with Walls of Brick, which made a Circuit of 385 Stadia's, or 48 English Miles. They were so broad at the top, that two Chariots might meet, and pass, without any hindrance; and they are said to be 100 Cubits high; so that this was one of the seven Wonders that amazed the old World. This City was the Capital of the Assyrian Empire; and tho Nabonassar ruin'd that Empire, yet he forsook it not; but his Son Nebuchadnezzar very much increased and inlarged it, as appears Dan. 4. 30. After this, it was taken by Cyrus the Persian. Anno Mund. 3516. before the Birth of our Saviour 537 years; and tho it changed its Master, yet it kept much of its antient Greatness under the Persian Empire: Seleucus Nicanor, one of the Successors of Alexander the Great, (who dyed here,) building Seleucia upon the Tigris, at about 40 Miles distance from it, as Strabo observes, it became thereby deprived of its Wealth, its Honour, and Inhabitants; whence Pausanias could say, that it had nothing in his time but its Wall: in the days of S. Jerom it was only a Park, and in aftertimes it became an Habitation for Scorpions and Serpents, so that no Man could safely pass through it. See Bochart. Geogr. Sacr. lib. 4. c. 15. It is very hard now to know assuredly so much as where it stood. For tho Bachad or Bagdat is often call'd by the same name, and divers have therefore been induced to accept it for the same place, yet that this is a great mistake, see Bach••.

	Babylon in Aegypt, stood over against Memphis, near the Nile. St. Peter wrote his First Epistle, its thought, from this Babylon; because the other was deserted before, as this since; yet forming Cairo out of its ruines.		Babylon in Aegypt, stood over against Memphis, near the Nile. St. Peter wrote his First Epistle, its thought, from this Babylon; because the other was deserted before, as this since; yet forming Cairo out of its ruines.
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	Bachad, Seleucia, a City of Mesopotamia upon the River Tigris: in antient times called Coche, and afterwards Alexandria from Alexandria the Great, who rebuilt it; after which being re-edified by Antiochus King of Syria, (who call'd it by his Father's name, Seleucia) and being again ruin'd, it was rebuilt in 762. by Almanusor Abugiafar the 22d. Calif, first on the Western Shoar of Tigris, and after on the Eastern in Chaldea: in time it grew great, rich, and populous, being the Seat of many of the Califs, and was call'd Bagdad, or Bagdet; that part which lay on the Western side, being deserted by degrees, is become a heap of Rubbish. This City lies in an oblong figure, is great and well fortified; it has a Bridge of Boats over the Tigris, and a strong Castle, in which the Turkish Bassa resides. It has been very often taken and re-taken by the Turks and Persians. The former possess'd themselves of it in 1638. after a bloody Siege, in which they lost 40000 Men, and have kept it ever since. It lies 79. 20. Long. 35. 40. Lat. and is by many Writers mistaken for Babylon, tho it lies at the distance of forty Miles from it, and upon the Tigris, whereas that lies upon the Euphrates.		Bachad, Seleucia, a City of Mesopotamia upon the River Tigris: in antient times called Coche, and afterwards Alexandria from Alexandria the Great, who rebuilt it; after which being re-edified by Antiochus King of Syria, (who call'd it by his Father's name, Seleucia) and being again ruin'd, it was rebuilt in 762. by Almanusor Abugiafar the 22d. Calif, first on the Western Shoar of Tigris, and after on the Eastern in Chaldea: in time it grew great, rich, and populous, being the Seat of many of the Califs, and was call'd Bagdad, or Bagdet; that part which lay on the Western side, being deserted by degrees, is become a heap of Rubbish. This City lies in an oblong figure, is great and well fortified; it has a Bridge of Boats over the Tigris, and a strong Castle, in which the Turkish Bassa resides. It has been very often taken and re-taken by the Turks and Persians. The former possess'd themselves of it in 1638. after a bloody Siege, in which they lost 40000 Men, and have kept it ever since. It lies 79. 20. Long. 35. 40. Lat. and is by many Writers mistaken for Babylon, tho it lies at the distance of forty Miles from it, and upon the Tigris, whereas that lies upon the Euphrates.

	Bach, Bachia, a small Episcopal City of the Lower Hungary, under the Archbishop of Colocza, upon the Danube, where the River S•rwizz• meets		Bach, Bachia, a small Episcopal City of the Lower Hungary, under the Archbishop of Colocza, upon the Danube, where the River S•rwizz• meets it. This Bishoprick is united for ever to the Metropolitan See; and it was in the hands of the Turks, till 1686. when, by the taking of Quinque Ecclesiae, and the deserting of Colooza by them, after Buda was taken, it returned under the Obedience of the Emperor.

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	it. This Bishoprick is united for ever to the Metropolitan See; and it was in the hands of the Turks, till 1686. when, by the taking of Quinque Ecclesiae, and the deserting of Colooza by them, after Buda was taken, it returned under the Obedience of the Emperor.

	Bachian, Bachianum, called Bacham by the Portugals; one of the Molucco Islands in the East-Indies, and a distinct Kingdom; small but very fruitful; under the Dominion of the King of Machian, from whence it lies about 30 Miles to the South, and a little less from the Island of Gioli; almost exactly under the Line. It has a Town of the same name, and a Fort belonging to the Dutch called Barnewelt.		Bachian, Bachianum, called Bacham by the Portugals; one of the Molucco Islands in the East-Indies, and a distinct Kingdom; small but very fruitful; under the Dominion of the King of Machian, from whence it lies about 30 Miles to the South, and a little less from the Island of Gioli; almost exactly under the Line. It has a Town of the same name, and a Fort belonging to the Dutch called Barnewelt.
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	Bacras, one of the Branches of Mount Taurus, which rises in Cilicia, a Province of Asia the less.		Bacras, one of the Branches of Mount Taurus, which rises in Cilicia, a Province of Asia the less.

	Bactriana, (Batter in the modern Appellation) was an antient Province of Persia, answering in part now to Corasan in Persia, and in part to Ʋsbeck in Tartary; divided by the River Geichon. Its Capital City was Bactra, hereafter mentioned by the name of Bagdasan, which is of little consideration. The River Bactrus of this Country has also changed its name to Buschian, falling into the Geichon. The antient Inhabitants had the repute of the best Soldiers in the World: they were always in Arms upon the account of the Scythians their Neighbors, who lived by Spoil. And much addicted to Astrology; Zoroaster their King being the supposed Author of that Science, under the name of Magick.

	Baeueen, Baduhennae Lucus, a famous Forest in Friesland, one of the United Provinces mentionedby Tacitus: it is still the greatest Wood in all that Province; by the Common People called Seven-Wolden, that is the Seven Woods. It stands 3 Leagues from Groningen, to the Westward, towards Slote; others suppose it to be meant of Coevorden, a strong Town in Trans-Issillane, near the River Schwart-water, or Groeningen-Diep, (which falls near Groningen) called by the Romans, Virus; but the most common and best supported Opinion is the first.		Baeueen, Baduhennae Lucus, a famous Forest in Friesland, one of the United Provinces mentionedby Tacitus: it is still the greatest Wood in all that Province; by the Common People called Seven-Wolden, that is the Seven Woods. It stands 3 Leagues from Groningen, to the Westward, towards Slote; others suppose it to be meant of Coevorden, a strong Town in Trans-Issillane, near the River Schwart-water, or Groeningen-Diep, (which falls near Groningen) called by the Romans, Virus; but the most common and best supported Opinion is the first.
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	Badenweiler, a City in the Province of Brisgow in Germany, between Friburg and Basil; yet a part of the Marquisate of Baden, and famous for Hot Baths.		Badenweiler, a City in the Province of Brisgow in Germany, between Friburg and Basil; yet a part of the Marquisate of Baden, and famous for Hot Baths.

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	Baeotia. See Boeotia.		Baeotia. See Boeotia.

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	Barbara, a small Village in the Island of Sicily; but once a City of great Fame, and much taken notice of by Greek and Latin Writers, under the several names of Aegesta, Egesta, Acesta and Segesta, &c. It lies 22 Miles from the Promontory and City of Drepanum, now called Trapano, to the North-West, and 40 from Palermo, upon the Western Shoar of the Island; near it runs a small River which now beareth the name of S. Bartholomew.		Barbara, a small Village in the Island of Sicily; but once a City of great Fame, and much taken notice of by Greek and Latin Writers, under the several names of Aegesta, Egesta, Acesta and Segesta, &c. It lies 22 Miles from the Promontory and City of Drepanum, now called Trapano, to the North-West, and 40 from Palermo, upon the Western Shoar of the Island; near it runs a small River which now beareth the name of S. Bartholomew.

	Barbary, Barbaria, a large Country in the Western part of Africa; lying a considerable length from East to West, but not of equal breadth: it is bounded

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	on the North by the Mediterranean Sea, on the East by Egypt, on the West by the Atlantick Ocean, and on the South by the Atlantick Mountains, which separate it from Biledulgeridia. In the times of the Roman Empire this vast Tract of Land was divided into divers Provinces, viz. Mauritania Tingitana, Casariensis, & Sitifensis; Numidia, Africa propria, Byzacena, Tripolitana, Marmorica and Cyreniaca: it is now divided into the Kingdoms of Fez, Morocco, Algiers, Constantine (antiently Cirta), Tunis and Tripoly, with the Territory of Barcana. This Country was in antient times subject to the Commonwealth of Carthage, and the great Kings of Mauritania and Numidia; after it fell into the Romans Possession, I have shew'd how they divided it. Here was a most flourishing Church till the 5 Century; in the begining of which, the Vandals then Arians, entered it, and brought in their Heresie with them: but that which more effectually contributed to the ruin of Christianity here, was the Conquest of it by the Moors in 647, when one Hucha a famous General (whom Osmen, the Third Caliph of the Saracens, imployed to that purpose) finally expell'd the Romans; and ever since the Moors have possessed it; who being the most enraged Enemies of Christianity that ever professed the Mahometan Law, have so far extirpated Christianity, that there is very few, (if any) of the Inhabitants of this vast Tract of Land, which profess it.

	Barbela, a River in the Kingdom of Congo in Africa, which falls into the River Zaire, which washeth the Walls of S. Saviour, or Banza, the Capital of this Kingdom.		Barbela, a River in the Kingdom of Congo in Africa, which falls into the River Zaire, which washeth the Walls of S. Saviour, or Banza, the Capital of this Kingdom.

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