Source:Bohun - Revision history

Admin at 03:46, 14 July 2026

2026-07-14T03:46:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:46, 14 July 2026
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	Achillea, otherwise Achillis cursus, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, a Peninsula near the Mouth of the River Borysthenes. Now call'd Cacearia according to some.		Achillea, otherwise Achillis cursus, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, a Peninsula near the Mouth of the River Borysthenes. Now call'd Cacearia according to some.

	Achlar, Araxis, a famed River of Armenia Major, it is called in the latter Maps Arais, by others Caiacz, by the Persians Arass: Its ancient Name is fetched from the violence of its Stream. The Fountains of this River are within 16 Miles of the Fountains of the Euphrates. And it divides Armenia from Media Atropatia, and falls into the Caspian Sea. Busbequius saith, that in his time (viz. 1545.) this River was the bound between the Persian and the Turkish Empires, as I believe it is still. There is another of the same name in Mesopotamia, which falls into Euphrates below Thapsacum.

	Achonry, a decaying City in the Province of Connaught in the Kingdom of Ireland in the County of Letrim; it is an Episcopal Sea under the Archbishop of Tuam; the City is sinking every day more into ruin.		Achonry, a decaying City in the Province of Connaught in the Kingdom of Ireland in the County of Letrim; it is an Episcopal Sea under the Archbishop of Tuam; the City is sinking every day more into ruin.

Admin at 15:47, 12 July 2026

2026-07-12T15:47:53Z

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Admin at 21:38, 4 July 2026

2026-07-04T21:38:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:38, 4 July 2026
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	Abernethy, a Town on the River Tay in Strathern in Scotland, anciently the Seat of the Kings of the Picts, and since a Bishops Sea, is now removed to S. Andrews, where we shall speak further of it.		Abernethy, a Town on the River Tay in Strathern in Scotland, anciently the Seat of the Kings of the Picts, and since a Bishops Sea, is now removed to S. Andrews, where we shall speak further of it.

	Abia and Abiamu, a great River in Zagathay, coming into the Caspian-Sea on the East side; the Oxus of the Antients. The former Name denoting the upper part, and the latter the lower part thereof.

	Abilene, a Territory of Judaea, so named from Abila the chief Town thereof, the Tetrarchate of Lysanias, mentioned Luke iii. 1.		Abilene, a Territory of Judaea, so named from Abila the chief Town thereof, the Tetrarchate of Lysanias, mentioned Luke iii. 1.
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	Aland, an Island of the Baltick Sea, at the entrance of the Botner Sea, under the Dominion of the King of Sweden.		Aland, an Island of the Baltick Sea, at the entrance of the Botner Sea, under the Dominion of the King of Sweden.

	Alar, a River of Persia in Hyrcania, falling into the Caspian Sea.

	Alarcan, Illarco, a Town in New Castile in Spain.		Alarcan, Illarco, a Town in New Castile in Spain.
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	Alba, or Albe, Alba Pompeia, a City of Monferrat, upon the River Tangro; it is an Episcopal See. under the Archbishop of Millan; heretofore subject to the Duke of Mantua, but taken from him in 1631. by a Treaty of Peace, and ever since under the Duke of Savoy. This City of latter times having suffered great changes, is reduced into a consumptive State for want of Inhabitants. It is distant from Aste 12 Miles to the South.		Alba, or Albe, Alba Pompeia, a City of Monferrat, upon the River Tangro; it is an Episcopal See. under the Archbishop of Millan; heretofore subject to the Duke of Mantua, but taken from him in 1631. by a Treaty of Peace, and ever since under the Duke of Savoy. This City of latter times having suffered great changes, is reduced into a consumptive State for want of Inhabitants. It is distant from Aste 12 Miles to the South.

	Albana, a City of Albania in Asia, with a Port to the Caspian Sea.

	Albania, an antient Province upon the Caspian Sea in Asia, Westward; now call'd Zuirie, under the Turks. § Also a Province of Turkey in Europe, which was antiently the Western part of Macedonia, and part of Illyrium, upon the Adriatique Ocean; reduced under the Dominion of the Turks by Mahomet 2. Its chief Cities are Croia, Durazzo, &c. The Inhabitants for the most part are Christians of the Greek Church.

	Albany, Albania, call'd in Scotland Braid-Albin, is a Dukedom in the highest part of Scotland, as the Name imports; the Seat of the Old Scots, upon the declining Western part of Mount Grampus, next Lorn and Argile. Charles I. in his Infancy at two years of age, was created Duke of Albany. This Title was also conferred on the Lord Darnly, his Grandfather; and given by Charles I. to his Second Son, afterwards James II.		Albany, Albania, call'd in Scotland Braid-Albin, is a Dukedom in the highest part of Scotland, as the Name imports; the Seat of the Old Scots, upon the declining Western part of Mount Grampus, next Lorn and Argile. Charles I. in his Infancy at two years of age, was created Duke of Albany. This Title was also conferred on the Lord Darnly, his Grandfather; and given by Charles I. to his Second Son, afterwards James II.
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	Alba Regalis, called by the Inhabitants Ekekes Fesarwar; by the Germans Stoel-Weissemburg: Is a City of the Lower Hungary, once the Capital of that Kingdom, famous for the Coronation and Burial of the Kings of Hungary. It stands in a Marsh upon the River Sarwitz. Taken by the Turks Anno 1543▪ retaken by the Christians in 1601. taken again by the Turks in 1602. surrendred again to the Imperialists upon Articles, May 9. in the beginning of the Campagne of the Year 1688. The Imperialists found 84 Pieces of Cannon in it, with almost an incredible quantity of Ammunition and small Arms. It is 45 Miles from Buda West, and 60 from Comorra South. Long. 41. 10. Lat. 47. 8.		Alba Regalis, called by the Inhabitants Ekekes Fesarwar; by the Germans Stoel-Weissemburg: Is a City of the Lower Hungary, once the Capital of that Kingdom, famous for the Coronation and Burial of the Kings of Hungary. It stands in a Marsh upon the River Sarwitz. Taken by the Turks Anno 1543▪ retaken by the Christians in 1601. taken again by the Turks in 1602. surrendred again to the Imperialists upon Articles, May 9. in the beginning of the Campagne of the Year 1688. The Imperialists found 84 Pieces of Cannon in it, with almost an incredible quantity of Ammunition and small Arms. It is 45 Miles from Buda West, and 60 from Comorra South. Long. 41. 10. Lat. 47. 8.

	S. Albans, [Verulamium] is the fairest and the best Town in the County of Hertford. It arose out of the Ruins of Verulam, a Town more strong and antient, seated on the opposite side of the River Ver. This new Town took its Name from one Alban a Citizen of Verulam, who in the Dioclesian Persecution, suffered Death for the Christian Religion, and is esteemed the first of the British Martyrs. To whose memory the Britains built a fair Church, which being ruin'd in the Wars between them and the Saxons, Offa King of the Mercians built here a Monastery to his honor, An. Chr. 795. the Abbot of which obtained from Pope Adrian, the Precedency of all English Abbots, to which an end was put,		S. Albans, [Verulamium] is the fairest and the best Town in the County of Hertford. It arose out of the Ruins of Verulam, a Town more strong and antient, seated on the opposite side of the River Ver. This new Town took its Name from one Alban a Citizen of Verulam, who in the Dioclesian Persecution, suffered Death for the Christian Religion, and is esteemed the first of the British Martyrs. To whose memory the Britains built a fair Church, which being ruin'd in the Wars between them and the Saxons, Offa King of the Mercians built here a Monastery to his honor, An. Chr. 795. the Abbot of which obtained from Pope Adrian, the Precedency of all English Abbots, to which an end was put, Dec. 5 1539. by the surrender of the said Abby to Hen. VIII. Near this place Richard Duke of York overthrew Henry VI. and took him Prisoner Anno Dom. 1455. who four Years after was restored to his liberty again, by a Victory obtained here too. This Town had the Honor of an Earldom bestowed upon it by Charles II. April 27. 1660. in the person of Henry Jermin, then Baron of S. Edmondsbury in Suffolk. Since raised to a Dukedom by the same King. This Town lies upon the River Ver, 10 Miles from Hertford to the South-West. The Old Town I shall speak of in its proper place.

	=== descriptionPage 9 ===
	Dec. 5 1539. by the surrender of the said Abby to Hen. VIII. Near this place Richard Duke of York overthrew Henry VI. and took him Prisoner Anno Dom. 1455. who four Years after was restored to his liberty again, by a Victory obtained here too. This Town had the Honor of an Earldom bestowed upon it by Charles II. April 27. 1660. in the person of Henry Jermin, then Baron of S. Edmondsbury in Suffolk. Since raised to a Dukedom by the same King. This Town lies upon the River Ver, 10 Miles from Hertford to the South-West. The Old Town I shall speak of in its proper place.

	Albarazin, Albarazinum, a City, and a Bishops See in Arragon in Spain, under the Archbishop of Saragossa.		Albarazin, Albarazinum, a City, and a Bishops See in Arragon in Spain, under the Archbishop of Saragossa.
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	Algow, Agovia, a County of Schwaben, a Province of Germany. It is bounded on the North by the Danube, and by the Lech, on the East by the Lake of Constance, by the Territory of Hegow to the West, and by the Earldom of Tirol to the South. In this County lie the Marquisate of Burgow, Ausburg, and several other considerable Cities and Towns.		Algow, Agovia, a County of Schwaben, a Province of Germany. It is bounded on the North by the Danube, and by the Lech, on the East by the Lake of Constance, by the Territory of Hegow to the West, and by the Earldom of Tirol to the South. In this County lie the Marquisate of Burgow, Ausburg, and several other considerable Cities and Towns.

	Alhama, Artigi, a City of the Kingdom of Granada, seated upon steep Hills, which was the place		Alhama, Artigi, a City of the Kingdom of Granada, seated upon steep Hills, which was the place of delight to the Moorish Kings of Granada; it lies 7 Leagues from Granada North-West; called in the latter Maps Alcala-real.

	=== descriptionPage 11 ===
	of delight to the Moorish Kings of Granada; it lies 7 Leagues from Granada North-West; called in the latter Maps Alcala-real.

	Alhilet, Sin, a Desert of Arabia.		Alhilet, Sin, a Desert of Arabia.
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	Astarac, or Estarac, Astaracensis tractus, a little County 7 or 8 Leagues long in the Province of Gascoigne in France.		Astarac, or Estarac, Astaracensis tractus, a little County 7 or 8 Leagues long in the Province of Gascoigne in France.

	Asterabath, or Sterabath, Asterabatia, a City and Province of Persia towards the Caspian Sea. The City stands 20 Leagues from Gorgian.

	Astetlan, a Province of the new Kingdom of Mexico in America, upon the Coast of the Vermiglian Ocean.		Astetlan, a Province of the new Kingdom of Mexico in America, upon the Coast of the Vermiglian Ocean.
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	~~Casriae~~ Portae, are certain difficult Passes through the Rocks and Mountains near the Caspian Sea, in the Province of Schirvan in Persia; only large enough for a single Chariot 8000 paces together, leading to the Cities of Teflis and Derbent; whence they are sometimes called the Gates of Teflis; and Derbent amongst the Turks Temir Capi, that is, the Iron Gate: see Derbent. § The Caspian Mountains are a Chain of Mountains extended from North to South in Asia, betwixt Armenia and the Caspian Sea. ~~§ The Caspii were an antient People amongst the Scythians upon the Borders of the same Sea.~~		Caspiae Portae, are certain difficult Passes through the Rocks and Mountains near the Caspian Sea, in the Province of Schirvan in Persia; only large enough for a single Chariot 8000 paces together, leading to the Cities of Teflis and Derbent; whence they are sometimes called the Gates of Teflis; and Derbent amongst the Turks Temir Capi, that is, the Iron Gate: see Derbent. § The Caspian Mountains are a Chain of Mountains extended from North to South in Asia, betwixt Armenia and the Caspian Sea.

	Cassandt, a small Island upon the Coast of Flanders over against l' Ecluse, with a Village in it and a Fortress under the Hollanders.		Cassandt, a small Island upon the Coast of Flanders over against l' Ecluse, with a Village in it and a Fortress under the Hollanders.
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	Casseuil, a Town upon the Garonne in the Diocese of Bazas, in Guyenne in France. Heretofore adorn'd with a Palace-Royal, which disputes the Honor of being the Birth-Place of Lewis the Debonnaire with the precedent Casseneuil.		Casseuil, a Town upon the Garonne in the Diocese of Bazas, in Guyenne in France. Heretofore adorn'd with a Palace-Royal, which disputes the Honor of being the Birth-Place of Lewis the Debonnaire with the precedent Casseneuil.

	Cassian, or Caschan, a large, handsome, populous and trading City in the Province of Hyerach in Persia, in a Plain; 3 Days journey from Hispahan in the Way to the Caspian Sea; only it wants good Water, and the people are infested with Scorpions.

	=== descriptionPage 79 ===
	Cassin, or Mont-Cassin, a celebrated Abbey in the Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples; built by S. Benedict the Patriarch of the Occidental Monks, and inhabited by him. There was heretofore a City of the same Name at the Foot of the Hill upon which this Abbey stands. It was an Episcopal See under the Pope; but falling into Ruines, the See became united with that of S. Germain, a City that has sprung out of those Ruines of Cassin.		Cassin, or Mont-Cassin, a celebrated Abbey in the Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples; built by S. Benedict the Patriarch of the Occidental Monks, and inhabited by him. There was heretofore a City of the same Name at the Foot of the Hill upon which this Abbey stands. It was an Episcopal See under the Pope; but falling into Ruines, the See became united with that of S. Germain, a City that has sprung out of those Ruines of Cassin.

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	Ciradio, a River of Corsica.		Ciradio, a River of Corsica.

	Circassia, is a vast space of ground extended from the Cimmerian Bosphorus and the Fens of Maeotis on the Eastern Shoars of the Euxine Sea, for the space of five hundred Miles; reaching two hundred towards the North. A Country fitly seated for Trade, but possessed by most Barbarous Tartars who delight only in War and roving: they pretend to something of Christianity, having been converted in the eighth Century; but then they never enter the Church till they are old, serving the Devil in their Youth and God in their Age, when they can neither Rob nor Murder any longer. Olearius placeth them upon the Western Shoar of the Caspian Sea. They are subject for the most part to the Grand Czar.

	Cirencester, Corinium, Durocornovium, Cornovium, an old Roman City in Glocestershire, upon the River Churne, about twelve Miles South-East of Glocester. Here the four Proconsular ways made by the Romans, crossed each other; and vast numbers of Roman Coins, Inscriptions, &c. have been digged up. But this City was so ruined by the Saxons and Danes, that what is walled in, is not a fourth part of it inhabited; the rest being Fields and Orchards: the Inhabitants subsist mostly by Clothing. It was taken by Prince Rupert by Storm, Feb. 2. 1643.		Cirencester, Corinium, Durocornovium, Cornovium, an old Roman City in Glocestershire, upon the River Churne, about twelve Miles South-East of Glocester. Here the four Proconsular ways made by the Romans, crossed each other; and vast numbers of Roman Coins, Inscriptions, &c. have been digged up. But this City was so ruined by the Saxons and Danes, that what is walled in, is not a fourth part of it inhabited; the rest being Fields and Orchards: the Inhabitants subsist mostly by Clothing. It was taken by Prince Rupert by Storm, Feb. 2. 1643.
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	St Dennis en Uaux, ad Sanctum Dionysium in Vallibus, a Town in the Dukedom of Orleans in France.		St Dennis en Uaux, ad Sanctum Dionysium in Vallibus, a Town in the Dukedom of Orleans in France.

	St. Dennis Carriere, a Town and a famous Monastery in the Isle of France, two Leagues from Paris to the South; one of the richest Monasteries in that Kingdom, upon the River Crou, which a little lower falls into the Scin. The Abbey was founded in 636. by Dagobert King of France in honor of S. Dennis, whose Bones sleep here. But the Church		St. Dennis Carriere, a Town and a famous Monastery in the Isle of France, two Leagues from Paris to the South; one of the richest Monasteries in that Kingdom, upon the River Crou, which a little lower falls into the Scin. The Abbey was founded in 636. by Dagobert King of France in honor of S. Dennis, whose Bones sleep here. But the Church was rebuilt since by Suggerus one of their Abbots, in three Years and three Months, ending in 1144. Here are the Tombs of the Kings of France. Some of which have died here too.

	=== descriptionPage 113 ===
	was rebuilt since by Suggerus one of their Abbots, in three Years and three Months, ending in 1144. Here are the Tombs of the Kings of France. Some of which have died here too.

	St. Dennis, a Town in Normandy in the Forest of Lyons, on the Borders of Beauvois, in which Henry I. King of England died.		St. Dennis, a Town in Normandy in the Forest of Lyons, on the Borders of Beauvois, in which Henry I. King of England died.
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	Elcatif, Leanita, a City and Province in Arabia Foelix, upon the Gulph of Persia, over against the Island of Babarim; from which the Gulph of Persia is by the Arabians called the Sea of Elcatife.		Elcatif, Leanita, a City and Province in Arabia Foelix, upon the Gulph of Persia, over against the Island of Babarim; from which the Gulph of Persia is by the Arabians called the Sea of Elcatife.

	Elcur, Cyrrus, Cyrus, a River of Albania in Asia; which ariseth in the Confines of Armenia Major, from the Mountains of Mosch, and flowing through Iberia, takes in the River Iber; then buries it self in the Caspian Sea.

	Elephantina, Elephantis, a pleasant Island of the River Nile in Aegypt, below the last of its Catarracts, not very far from Aethiopia; the Aegyptians and Aethiopians trading with each other here. It enjoys a perpetual Spring; and according to Tacitus, is observable for being the utmost Boundary on that Side of the Roman Empire.		Elephantina, Elephantis, a pleasant Island of the River Nile in Aegypt, below the last of its Catarracts, not very far from Aethiopia; the Aegyptians and Aethiopians trading with each other here. It enjoys a perpetual Spring; and according to Tacitus, is observable for being the utmost Boundary on that Side of the Roman Empire.

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← Older revision		Revision as of 20:30, 23 April 2026
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	Angote, a City and Kingdom in the Upper Aethiopia.		Angote, a City and Kingdom in the Upper Aethiopia.

	=== descriptionPage 17 ===
	Angoulesme, Engolisma, is an Episcopal City in Aquitaine in France, under the Archbishop of Bourdeaux; it stands upon the River Charme, which falls into the Ocean right over against the Island of Orleron. There is belonging to it also a Dukedom which is bounded upon the North with Poictou, upon the East with Limosin, upon the South with Pericort, and upon the West with Xantogn. This Dukedom is call'd by the name of Angoumois.		Angoulesme, Engolisma, is an Episcopal City in Aquitaine in France, under the Archbishop of Bourdeaux; it stands upon the River Charme, which falls into the Ocean right over against the Island of Orleron. There is belonging to it also a Dukedom which is bounded upon the North with Poictou, upon the East with Limosin, upon the South with Pericort, and upon the West with Xantogn. This Dukedom is call'd by the name of Angoumois.

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	Antessa, Antissa, an antient City in the Island of Lesbos, which was heretofore a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mitylene. Ovid speaks of it, as also the antient Geographers, under the notion of its being it self an Island in their times: whence some believe, that the Canal betwixt Lesbos and it, has, by degrees, filled up and united with the Island of Lesbos.		Antessa, Antissa, an antient City in the Island of Lesbos, which was heretofore a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mitylene. Ovid speaks of it, as also the antient Geographers, under the notion of its being it self an Island in their times: whence some believe, that the Canal betwixt Lesbos and it, has, by degrees, filled up and united with the Island of Lesbos.

	Antibes, a Town and Port in Provence in France, which was heretofore a Bishops See under the Archbishop		Antibes, a Town and Port in Provence in France, which was heretofore a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Ambrun; but the See is since transferred to la Grace. There is a Castle to it.

	=== descriptionPage 18 ===
	of Ambrun; but the See is since transferred to la Grace. There is a Castle to it.

	Anticyra, an Island of Thessalia, famous for its Hellebore.		Anticyra, an Island of Thessalia, famous for its Hellebore.
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	Antros, a small Island at the Mouth of the Garonne, on the Coast of Guienne in France, where stands the celebrated Tour de Cordovan, to light the Vessels that go to Bordeaux.		Antros, a small Island at the Mouth of the Garonne, on the Coast of Guienne in France, where stands the celebrated Tour de Cordovan, to light the Vessels that go to Bordeaux.

	Antwerp, Anversa, called by the French, Anvers; by the Germans, Antorf, is a City of the Low Countries in the Dukedom of Brabant, upon the River Scheld. It is a large and beautiful City, and was about 100 years since, the most populous and best traded City in all those Provinces; and in 1559. was made a Bishops See, by Paul IV. In 1569. the Duke de Alva built here a strong Castle. In 1576. the Hollanders plundred it. In 1585. the Duke of Parma reduc'd it under the Dominion of the Spaniard again, in whose hands it now is: but all these Mutations, and the building of Forts upon the River by the Hollanders, has reduced much of its antient Glory, and it is now decaying. Abraham Ortelius, a learned Geographer, who was born here, has described this City at large, as also Lewis Guicciardin, in his Description of the Low Countries. It stands 10 Miles from Ghant, and as many from Brussels.

	Anzerma, or S. Anna d' Anzerma, a small City in the Kingdom of Popayan in America.		Anzerma, or S. Anna d' Anzerma, a small City in the Kingdom of Popayan in America.
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	Aorna, Aornus, a City of Bactria and a very strong rocky Castle in the Indies, both taken heretofore by Alexander the Great. § Also a River of Arcadia, and a certain contagious Lake of Epirus, and a Lake in Italy, mention'd by Virgil.		Aorna, Aornus, a City of Bactria and a very strong rocky Castle in the Indies, both taken heretofore by Alexander the Great. § Also a River of Arcadia, and a certain contagious Lake of Epirus, and a Lake in Italy, mention'd by Virgil.

	=== descriptionPage 19 ===
	Aouste, Augusta praetoria, a City and Dukedom of Piedinont: It is an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Tarantaise, and a part of the Dominions of the Duke of Savoy: it stands in a mountainous, but fruitful Soil; at the foot of the Grecian Alpes, upon the River Doria, where it receives the River Bauteggio, which do both fall into the Po. This City was a Roman Colony, call'd by Pliny, Italiae Limes, the Frontier of Italy. It is 50 Miles from Turin, East. S. Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, was born here.		Aouste, Augusta praetoria, a City and Dukedom of Piedinont: It is an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Tarantaise, and a part of the Dominions of the Duke of Savoy: it stands in a mountainous, but fruitful Soil; at the foot of the Grecian Alpes, upon the River Doria, where it receives the River Bauteggio, which do both fall into the Po. This City was a Roman Colony, call'd by Pliny, Italiae Limes, the Frontier of Italy. It is 50 Miles from Turin, East. S. Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, was born here.

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	Aqutaine, Aquatania, a third Part of the antient Gaul, supposed to be so call'd from the abundance of its Waters. The Emperour Augustus divided it into Prima and Secunda, including within both, Bordeaux, Agne, Angoulesme, Xaintes, Poitiers, Perigueux, Bourges, Clermont, Rodes, Albi, Cahors, Limoges, Mende, and Puy. Whereunto the Emperour Adrian added a third Province, by the Name of Novempopulonia. See Gascoigne. This Country continued in Obedience to the Roman Empire, till Honorius about the Year 412. yielded part thereof▪ to Athaulfe, King of the Goths, whose Successours took occasion thereupon to Usurp the whole. About the Year 630. it came into the Possession of the Crown of France entirely: The Gascoigners soon revoulted, giving to Eudos their Leader, the Title of Duke of Aquitain; which brought on a War that was not ended till the powerful Reign of Charles the Great. In 778. Charles the Great erected Aquitaine into a Kingdom, in the Person of Lewis the Debonnaire his Son. It continued a Kingdom about 100 Years, and then broke into particular Fiefs and Hereditaments. In 1152. it came to the Crown of England, as Dukes of Aquitaine, in the right of Eleanor Wife to Henry II. For its fortunes since, see Gascoigne.		Aqutaine, Aquatania, a third Part of the antient Gaul, supposed to be so call'd from the abundance of its Waters. The Emperour Augustus divided it into Prima and Secunda, including within both, Bordeaux, Agne, Angoulesme, Xaintes, Poitiers, Perigueux, Bourges, Clermont, Rodes, Albi, Cahors, Limoges, Mende, and Puy. Whereunto the Emperour Adrian added a third Province, by the Name of Novempopulonia. See Gascoigne. This Country continued in Obedience to the Roman Empire, till Honorius about the Year 412. yielded part thereof▪ to Athaulfe, King of the Goths, whose Successours took occasion thereupon to Usurp the whole. About the Year 630. it came into the Possession of the Crown of France entirely: The Gascoigners soon revoulted, giving to Eudos their Leader, the Title of Duke of Aquitain; which brought on a War that was not ended till the powerful Reign of Charles the Great. In 778. Charles the Great erected Aquitaine into a Kingdom, in the Person of Lewis the Debonnaire his Son. It continued a Kingdom about 100 Years, and then broke into particular Fiefs and Hereditaments. In 1152. it came to the Crown of England, as Dukes of Aquitaine, in the right of Eleanor Wife to Henry II. For its fortunes since, see Gascoigne.

	Arabia, is a very large Country in Asia: having on the North Syria and Diarbechia; upon the East the Persian Gulph, and the Streights of Basor, by which it is separated from Persia; on the South it has the Arabian Sea, and on the West the Red Sea, which cuts it off in great part from Africa. The Southern and Eastern parts, which are the greatest, are well cultivated; but the Northern is for the most part barren and sandy, having but few Inhabitants or Cities, by reason of the vast Desarts, barren Mountains, and want of Water. It is all under Princes of its own, except a small part of Arabia Petraea, in which the Turks have some few Forts. This vast Country is divided into three Parts, viz. The Desart, The Happy, and The Stony.

	Arabia Deserta, (the Desart) is the least part of all the three, and lies most North: call'd by the Asiaticks Berii Arabistan; bounded on the South by the Mountains of Arabia the Happy, on the East by the Province of Iraca, heretofore Chaldea; upon the North by Diarvechia, from which it is separated by the River Euphrates; upon the West by Syria, the Holy Land, and Arabia the Stony.

	Arabia Foelix, (the Happy) is the greatest of all the three parts, and lies extended to the South and East: it is call'd by the Inhabitants Jemen, and is encompass'd on all sides by the Sea, except towards the North, where it bounds upon the other two Arabia's. There are in this part many Kingdoms and great Cities, the Soil being fruitful, and the Country not easie to be invaded by the neighbour Nations, by reason of its Situation.

	Arabia Petraea, (the Stony) lies more West, and is call'd by the Turks Dase-lik Arabistan, or as others say, Baraab Arabistan by the Natives: it is bounded on the North by the Holy Land, and part of Syria; on the East by Arabia Deserta in part, and by Arabia Foelix in part, as also on the South; and on the West it has the Red Sea and Egypt. Two things have made these Countries known to all the World, The wandering of the Children of Israel 40 Years, in the first; and the Birth of that great Deceiver Mahomet, in the latter of these three Parts.

	Aracu•es, a People of Chili, which are the most Warlike of all the Americans.		Aracu•es, a People of Chili, which are the most Warlike of all the Americans.

Admin at 05:15, 18 October 2025

2025-10-18T05:15:10Z

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	Bochir, Canopus, a City of Egypt, upon the Western Branch of the Nile, where Claudian the Poet was born; 25 Miles East of Alexandria.		Bochir, Canopus, a City of Egypt, upon the Western Branch of the Nile, where Claudian the Poet was born; 25 Miles East of Alexandria.

	Bochar, or Buchar, Bochora and Buchara, an antient and a stately City of Asia, in the Province of Mawaralnahra, call'd by the Romans Trans Oxiana Regio, a days Journey beyond the River Oxus; this City was the Birth-place of Avicenna, the famous Arabian Physician and Philosopher, who flourish'd in Spain, in the X. Century. He is said to have been the first that settled the true method of Physick by the many Books published by him; he was born in 992. and died in 1050.

	Bodegrave, a Town in Holland upon the Rhine, 3 Leagues from Ʋtrecht: Made remarkable by a Battle here fought betwixt the French and Dutch, in the Year 1672.		Bodegrave, a Town in Holland upon the Rhine, 3 Leagues from Ʋtrecht: Made remarkable by a Battle here fought betwixt the French and Dutch, in the Year 1672.
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	Bogdiana, the same with Moldavia.		Bogdiana, the same with Moldavia.

	Bohemia, a great Kingdom in Germany belonging to the House of Austria; which though it is almost encompassed by the German Territories, yet is properly no part of Germany. It has a distinct and different Language, and been a separate Kingdom ever since the year 1086. Bounded on the North and West by the Dukedom of Saxony, on the East by Hungary, and on the South by Bavaria and Austria: containing almost 40 Towns and Cities in it that they call Royal, whereof Prague is the Capital. This Kingdom maintained great Wars with the Caroline Race of Kings, till about the year 894. Borzivoius Duke of Moravia, becoming Prince also of Bohemia, procured their imbracing the Christian Faith universally. When in the year 1196. Petrus Capuanus, one of the Cardinals of Rome, would have brought in Celibacy amongst their Clergy, he met with great opposition, and ran the hazard of being slain by the Bohemian Priests. They received the Waldenses, who fled hither about the year 1230. John Hus's, and Jerom of Prague about the year 1414. had great success in their Preaching, and George Podi•bach King of Bohemia became his Convert. In 1454. there was		Bohemia, a great Kingdom in Germany belonging to the House of Austria; which though it is almost encompassed by the German Territories, yet is properly no part of Germany. It has a distinct and different Language, and been a separate Kingdom ever since the year 1086. Bounded on the North and West by the Dukedom of Saxony, on the East by Hungary, and on the South by Bavaria and Austria: containing almost 40 Towns and Cities in it that they call Royal, whereof Prague is the Capital. This Kingdom maintained great Wars with the Caroline Race of Kings, till about the year 894. Borzivoius Duke of Moravia, becoming Prince also of Bohemia, procured their imbracing the Christian Faith universally. When in the year 1196. Petrus Capuanus, one of the Cardinals of Rome, would have brought in Celibacy amongst their Clergy, he met with great opposition, and ran the hazard of being slain by the Bohemian Priests. They received the Waldenses, who fled hither about the year 1230. John Hus's, and Jerom of Prague about the year 1414. had great success in their Preaching, and George Podi•bach King of Bohemia became his Convert. In 1454. there was another Accession of the Waldenses; insomuch that in 1467. there was 200 Churches of this Persuasion in Bohemia and Moravia. In the year 1536, they imbraced Luther's Reformation: 1564, they obtained from Maximilian that Liberty which Ferdinand I. had deny'd them; which lasted but one Year. In 1575. they obtained their Liberty again, which was confirm'd in the Year 1611. by Rodolphus II. Matthias the next Emperor not maintaining these Grants, they chose Frederick Elector Palatine King of Bohemia, and Crown'd him at Prague in 1619. This caused a War with the House of Austria: The Elector being ejected by force of Arms in the Year 1620, for 30 Years following, Germany became an Acheldama, a Field of Blood; and the Reformation was ruined by an Edict made in 1630. And the House of Austria in Germany was in almost equal danger. Albertus Duke of Austria obtained this Crown by Election in the Year 1437. And in the Year 1526, Ferdinand Arch-Duke of Austria was freely elected after the former Branch had been discontinu'd; since which time there has been no Interruption but that unfortunate one made by Frederick Elector Palatine; so that it is become, by the Strength of the House of Austria and the Weakness of the Bohemians, an Hereditary Kingdom to the House of Austria. The King of Bohemia is the first secular Elector of the Emperor of Germany, though it be no part of the Empire.

	=== descriptionPage 53 ===
	another Accession of the Waldenses; insomuch that in 1467. there was 200 Churches of this Persuasion in Bohemia and Moravia. In the year 1536, they imbraced Luther's Reformation: 1564, they obtained from Maximilian that Liberty which Ferdinand I. had deny'd them; which lasted but one Year. In 1575. they obtained their Liberty again, which was confirm'd in the Year 1611. by Rodolphus II. Matthias the next Emperor not maintaining these Grants, they chose Frederick Elector Palatine King of Bohemia, and Crown'd him at Prague in 1619. This caused a War with the House of Austria: The Elector being ejected by force of Arms in the Year 1620, for 30 Years following, Germany became an Acheldama, a Field of Blood; and the Reformation was ruined by an Edict made in 1630. And the House of Austria in Germany was in almost equal danger. Albertus Duke of Austria obtained this Crown by Election in the Year 1437. And in the Year 1526, Ferdinand Arch-Duke of Austria was freely elected after the former Branch had been discontinu'd; since which time there has been no Interruption but that unfortunate one made by Frederick Elector Palatine; so that it is become, by the Strength of the House of Austria and the Weakness of the Bohemians, an Hereditary Kingdom to the House of Austria. The King of Bohemia is the first secular Elector of the Emperor of Germany, though it be no part of the Empire.

	Boiana, a River that divides Dalmatia from Macedonia; this River is commonly call'ed il Drino; and in its proper place I shall speak more of it.		Boiana, a River that divides Dalmatia from Macedonia; this River is commonly call'ed il Drino; and in its proper place I shall speak more of it.
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	Bolzano, a small Town in the Vicentine in Italy, under the Republick of Venice, upon the River Adige. Others place it in the Trentine, and say it is a very Trading Place.		Bolzano, a small Town in the Vicentine in Italy, under the Republick of Venice, upon the River Adige. Others place it in the Trentine, and say it is a very Trading Place.

	=== descriptionPage 54 ===
	Bombon, a Province of Peru in the West-Indies, towards the River Xauxa.		Bombon, a Province of Peru in the West-Indies, towards the River Xauxa.

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	Caragoza, Caesar Augusta. See Saragoza.		Caragoza, Caesar Augusta. See Saragoza.

	Caraman, Caramania, a Province of the Lesser Asia, extended from East to West upon the Mediterranean Sea, opposite to the Isle of Cyprus; this Country had heretofore Princes of its own, but has now for many Ages been subject to the Turks; it includes the antient Provinces of Cilicia, Pamphylia, and a part of Caria. One of the potentest Viceroys or Beglerbegs of the Turkish Empire, takes his Title from this Province, tho his Jurisdiction is somewhat larger. The principle Cities in it are Cogni, Antiochia, and Satulia. There is another Caramania or Carnania, a large Country in Persia, bounded on the East with Gedrosia or Circan, on the West with		Caraman, Caramania, a Province of the Lesser Asia, extended from East to West upon the Mediterranean Sea, opposite to the Isle of Cyprus; this Country had heretofore Princes of its own, but has now for many Ages been subject to the Turks; it includes the antient Provinces of Cilicia, Pamphylia, and a part of Caria. One of the potentest Viceroys or Beglerbegs of the Turkish Empire, takes his Title from this Province, tho his Jurisdiction is somewhat larger. The principle Cities in it are Cogni, Antiochia, and Satulia. There is another Caramania or Carnania, a large Country in Persia, bounded on the East with Gedrosia or Circan, on the West with Farsi, Sublestan to the North, and the Gulph of Ormus with the Indian Ocean to the South: Containing the Provinces of Guadel, Dulcinda, and Ormus. It is now called Kherman, after its capital City, which stands upon the River Bessiry. The Northern part is rather barren; but the middle is blessed with fruitful Vales.

	=== descriptionPage 75 ===
	Farsi, Sublestan to the North, and the Gulph of Ormus with the Indian Ocean to the South: Containing the Provinces of Guadel, Dulcinda, and Ormus. It is now called Kherman, after its capital City, which stands upon the River Bessiry. The Northern part is rather barren; but the middle is blessed with fruitful Vales.

	Caramit, Amida, Ammaea, the capital City of Mesopotamia, which is an Archbishops See upon the River Tigris. Heretofore called Constantia, from Constantius the Emperour. The Romans in this place received a great defeat by the Parthians. Long. 75. 00. Lat. 39. 30. according to the latest Maps. It is secured with good Walls, and 360 Towers.		Caramit, Amida, Ammaea, the capital City of Mesopotamia, which is an Archbishops See upon the River Tigris. Heretofore called Constantia, from Constantius the Emperour. The Romans in this place received a great defeat by the Parthians. Long. 75. 00. Lat. 39. 30. according to the latest Maps. It is secured with good Walls, and 360 Towers.
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	Castona, Castulo, a City in the Kingdom of Andaluzia in Spain, upon the River Guadalimar, which has sometime been a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Toledo. Famous for the Defeat of the Moors in the year 1202. in the Reign of Alphonsus King of Castile; the Christians killing 200000 of them upon the spot near this place.		Castona, Castulo, a City in the Kingdom of Andaluzia in Spain, upon the River Guadalimar, which has sometime been a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Toledo. Famous for the Defeat of the Moors in the year 1202. in the Reign of Alphonsus King of Castile; the Christians killing 200000 of them upon the spot near this place.

	The Caspian Sea, was named at first the Sea of Chosar, from a great Granchild of Noah: Nubius in his Geography stiles it the Sea of Thavisthan. The Moors call it and the Gulph of Arabia, Bohar Corsuin; the Persians call both Kulsum; the Greek and Latin Writers, the Caspian and Hyrcanian Sea; the Muscovites, Gualenskoy-more. The Antients generally thought it a Bay of the Great Indian Ocean, or that it had some Communication with the Euxine Sea. Though a vast number of Rivers fall into this Sea, yet it is not perceived any way to increase. It is in length from North to South 120 Miles, in breadth 90. Some represent it 800 Miles long and 650 broad. In the Winter for the most part frozen. It is in effect no other than a great Lake. The Waters of it are as salt as any other; yet it neither Ebs nor flows, nor has any Islands. This Sea has the Kingdom of Astracan on the North, Persia on the South, Circassia on the West, and Caratansca on the East.

	Casriae Portae, are certain difficult Passes through the Rocks and Mountains near the Caspian Sea, in the Province of Schirvan in Persia; only large enough for a single Chariot 8000 paces together, leading to the Cities of Teflis and Derbent; whence they are sometimes called the Gates of Teflis; and Derbent amongst the Turks Temir Capi, that is, the Iron Gate: see Derbent. § The Caspian Mountains are a Chain of Mountains extended from North to South in Asia, betwixt Armenia and the Caspian Sea. § The Caspii were an antient People amongst the Scythians upon the Borders of the same Sea.		Casriae Portae, are certain difficult Passes through the Rocks and Mountains near the Caspian Sea, in the Province of Schirvan in Persia; only large enough for a single Chariot 8000 paces together, leading to the Cities of Teflis and Derbent; whence they are sometimes called the Gates of Teflis; and Derbent amongst the Turks Temir Capi, that is, the Iron Gate: see Derbent. § The Caspian Mountains are a Chain of Mountains extended from North to South in Asia, betwixt Armenia and the Caspian Sea. § The Caspii were an antient People amongst the Scythians upon the Borders of the same Sea.

Admin at 04:47, 18 October 2025

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	Bacha Serrail, or Bacie-Saray, the Capital City of the lesser Tartary upon the River Kabarta, and the usual residence of the Cham of the Crims.		Bacha Serrail, or Bacie-Saray, the Capital City of the lesser Tartary upon the River Kabarta, and the usual residence of the Cham of the Crims.

	Bachu, ~~a City of Albania upon the Caspian Sea; in the times of the Roman Empire it is supposed to have been called Albana; but there is some Controversie about it~~. ~~From this City the Caspian Sea is called by some Mar di Bachu~~. § And there is also another City in Arabia Felix called by the same name in Ptolemy.		Bachu ... And there is also another City in Arabia Felix called by the same name in Ptolemy.

	Backow, Bachow, Baccovia, a City of Walachia (as others of Moldavia) upon the River Alauta, which falls into the Danube a little above Nicopolis. This was made a Bishops See by Pope Clement VIII. under the Archbishop of Colocza: it is in the Northern Bounds of Walachia, about 25 Miles North, West of Targvisco, the Capital City of that Province. By some called Braislow.		Backow, Bachow, Baccovia, a City of Walachia (as others of Moldavia) upon the River Alauta, which falls into the Danube a little above Nicopolis. This was made a Bishops See by Pope Clement VIII. under the Archbishop of Colocza: it is in the Northern Bounds of Walachia, about 25 Miles North, West of Targvisco, the Capital City of that Province. By some called Braislow.
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	Deptford, a large Town in Kent in Sutton Lath; situated at the fall of the River Ravensburn into the Thames amongst rich and low Meadows, and provided with a Dock and Store-house for the Navy Royal. It is divided into the Upper and Lower Town.		Deptford, a large Town in Kent in Sutton Lath; situated at the fall of the River Ravensburn into the Thames amongst rich and low Meadows, and provided with a Dock and Store-house for the Navy Royal. It is divided into the Upper and Lower Town.

	Derbent, Caucasie Portae, Porta ferrea, Alexandria, a City of Persia upon the Caspian Sea, between the Foot of Mount Caucasus and that Sea; on the Borders of Georgia, near the River Korr: called by Turks Demir, or Temir Capi; that is, the Iron Gate: not that there is any Iron Gate, but by reason of the Strength and Fortifications of this City; which are such as may resist the fury of almost any Enemy, the Passage being but three hundred Paces. It has a sine Haven and a strong Castle, in the hands of the King of Persia; but it is declining, the lower part next the Sea, being little or nothing inhabited. It is said Alexander the Great built this City, to shut up that Passage against the Scythians, who were always the Terror of the civilized World, and have been often the Scourges of it. Long. 80. 00. Lat. 49. 00.

	Derbices, an ancient People about the Mountain Caucasus in Persia, towards the Caspian Sea, and the Confines of Scythia; said to be very Cruel and Barbarous in many Customs.		Derbices, an ancient People about the Mountain Caucasus in Persia, towards the Caspian Sea, and the Confines of Scythia; said to be very Cruel and Barbarous in many Customs.

Admin at 21:18, 4 October 2025

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	Alla, a River in the Ducal Prussia in Poland.		Alla, a River in the Ducal Prussia in Poland.

	Allatur, a Town in the Kingdom of Cazan in Moscovy upon the River Cama.

	Alleburg, a small Town upon the River Alla in the Ducal Prussia in Poland.		Alleburg, a small Town upon the River Alla in the Ducal Prussia in Poland.
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	Antinoe, Antios, Antinopolis, a City of Aegypt, 6 Leagues from the Nile, and heretofore a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Thebes. It had Twelve Religious Houses in it for Women in the time of Palladius. Now utterly ruin'd.		Antinoe, Antios, Antinopolis, a City of Aegypt, 6 Leagues from the Nile, and heretofore a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Thebes. It had Twelve Religious Houses in it for Women in the time of Palladius. Now utterly ruin'd.

	Antioch, Antiochia, call'd by the Turks Antachia; by the Arabians, Anthakia. It was built by Seleucus, the Son of Antiochus King of Syria, one of the Successors of Alexander the Great, and call'd after his Fathers Name. This City was, during the times the Greeks and Romans were possessed of it, the Capital of Syria, or rather of the East; here the Disciples and Followers of our Saviour Jesus Christ were first called Christians; and accordingly, the Bishop of this City was accounted the Third Patriarch of the World, Rome being the First, and Alexandria the Second: others count it the Second Patriarchate. As it had these great Honors, so it was excellently built, strongly fortified both by Art and Nature, and very Populous, till it fell into the hands of the Arabians, Mamalucks and Turks, who have made it desolate, and suffer'd all its stately, and most of its common Buildings, to fall into decay. June 3. 1098. it was recovered by the Christians, but in 1188. it was again betrayed into the hands of the Mahometans, who have been the Masters of it ever since: it is incompassed with a double Wall, one of Stone and the other of Brick, with 460 Towers within the Walls: the greatest part of these Walls remain with a most impregnable Castle at the East end of the City, but almost all the Houses are falling down; so that the Patriarch has remov'd his Dwelling to Damascus. This City is built on both sides of the River Orontes over which there was a Bridge. It stands about 12 Miles from the Mediterranean, the River Pharpar passing on the South side of it. This place is called in the Prophets, Ri•lah, and was memorable in those times for the Tragedies of •ec•nias and Zedechias, Kings of Judah. It stands about 20 Miles from Scanderone, South, and 22 from Aleppo: in 68. d. 10. m. Long. and 36. 20. Lat.

	Antiochia Ciliciae, was a City of Asia the Less in Cilicia, a Bishops See, seated upon the River Pyramus; but what it is now is not known.		Antiochia Ciliciae, was a City of Asia the Less in Cilicia, a Bishops See, seated upon the River Pyramus; but what it is now is not known.
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	Aquila, the chief City of Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples. It is a Bishops See, once under the Archbishop of Chieti, but now exempted from his Jurisdiction: seated on a Hill, and has a strong Castle in it; the River Pescara flows near it▪ it is 60 Miles distant from Rome, to the South-East.		Aquila, the chief City of Abruzzo in the Kingdom of Naples. It is a Bishops See, once under the Archbishop of Chieti, but now exempted from his Jurisdiction: seated on a Hill, and has a strong Castle in it; the River Pescara flows near it▪ it is 60 Miles distant from Rome, to the South-East.

	Aquileja, is call'd by the French Aquilee, by the Germans Aglar, and Aglareu: a Patriarchal City of Italy; in antient times very great, and one of the principal Cities of Italy, the Residence of some Emperours. In 452. Attila, King of the Huns, took and destroyed it, after a Siege of 3 Years: after this, being rebuilt by Narsetes, it was again Burnt and Ruin'd by the Lombards in 590. and was after this rebuilt by Popon•, Patriarch of it. In antient times it was under the temporal		Aquileja, is call'd by the French Aquilee, by the Germans Aglar, and Aglareu: a Patriarchal City of Italy; in antient times very great, and one of the principal Cities of Italy, the Residence of some Emperours. In 452. Attila, King of the Huns, took and destroyed it, after a Siege of 3 Years: after this, being rebuilt by Narsetes, it was again Burnt and Ruin'd by the Lombards in 590. and was after this rebuilt by Popon•, Patriarch of it. In antient times it was under the temporal Jurisdiction of these Patriarchs; but being afterwards taken by the Dukes of Austria, it remains to this day in their hands. It is now almost desolate, by reason of its bad Air, troublesom Rubbish and Ruins, and the Vicinity of Venice, which draws all Trade from it. This City lies between the River Isonzo to the East, and Ansa to the West; and is not above 9 Miles distant from the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea on the North. It lies in 36. 10. Long. and 45. 45. Lat.

	=== descriptionPage 20 ===
	Jurisdiction of these Patriarchs; but being afterwards taken by the Dukes of Austria, it remains to this day in their hands. It is now almost desolate, by reason of its bad Air, troublesom Rubbish and Ruins, and the Vicinity of Venice, which draws all Trade from it. This City lies between the River Isonzo to the East, and Ansa to the West; and is not above 9 Miles distant from the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea on the North. It lies in 36. 10. Long. and 45. 45. Lat.

	Aquino, Aquinum, a very antient City in the Terra di Lavoro, in the Kingdom of Naples: a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Capona, and heretofore a Roman Colony. Almost Ruin'd, and little consiberable now, but for its being the Birth-place of S. Thomas Aquinas, as formerly of the Poet Juvenal.		Aquino, Aquinum, a very antient City in the Terra di Lavoro, in the Kingdom of Naples: a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Capona, and heretofore a Roman Colony. Almost Ruin'd, and little consiberable now, but for its being the Birth-place of S. Thomas Aquinas, as formerly of the Poet Juvenal.
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	Aranios, Aranus, a River of Transylvania arising near Clausenberg, and afterwards falling into the Mash.		Aranios, Aranus, a River of Transylvania arising near Clausenberg, and afterwards falling into the Mash.

	Ararat, Arat, by the Armenians call'd Mesesousar, or the Mountain of the Ark, by the Persians Agri; is a part of the Caspian Mountains near Erivan in Armenia, and the most renowned of all others, for sustaining the Ark of Noah, after the Universal Deluge. It exceeds in height Caucasus and Taurus, carrying its head into the temperate Region, whilst some of the lower part of it is covered with continual Snow. Every 5 Leagues upwards, the Christians have built a little Hermitage, where the curious Traveller may be refreshed. They will tell you there is a Cell, and ordinarily

	=== descriptionPage 21 ===
	a Hermite in it, upon the highest Top, who lives as a Recluse for his Life. But the story of Noah's Ark remaining uncorrupted and entire to this day, by reason of the temperature of the Air, which the said Hermite shews you, I suppose is grounded upon as good an Authority.

	Arasch, a Town and Port in the Province of Asgar in the Kingdom of Fez: fortified with a strong Wall and a Castle.		Arasch, a Town and Port in the Province of Asgar in the Kingdom of Fez: fortified with a strong Wall and a Castle.
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	Arce. The same with Petra in Arabia Deserta.		Arce. The same with Petra in Arabia Deserta.

	Arch-Angel, is a very famous Sea-Port in the North of Muscovy, in the Province of Dwina, upon the River Dwin; which near this place is divided into two Branches, making the Island of Podesmeske, and then falling into the White-Sea, 6 German Miles beneath this City. The passage by Sea to this City was first sound out by one Richard Chandler, an English-man, in the Year 1554, or near that time, before which the Muscovites had no Communication with these parts of the World, excepting by the Baltick Sea, by Narva, and Poland: accordingly, the English were at first treated with great Kindness by the Princes of Muscovy, and in the Year 1569, obtain'd from Basilovits, the Emperour of Muscovy, that none but the English should Trade here; but since that, the Dutch, Danes, and Swedes, have had their share; and Arch-Angel, which when it was discover'd was a Village, is now become a rich and populous City. This City lies in 64d. of lat.

	Archidona, a Town in Andaluzia in Spain. § Also a small City of Peru in America.		Archidona, a Town in Andaluzia in Spain. § Also a small City of Peru in America.

Admin at 21:06, 4 October 2025

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	Carfagniana, Carferoniana, Grafiniana, a Valley in the States of the Duke of Florence in Italy amongst the Apennine Mountains; betwixt the States of Lucca, Regio, and Modena.		Carfagniana, Carferoniana, Grafiniana, a Valley in the States of the Duke of Florence in Italy amongst the Apennine Mountains; betwixt the States of Lucca, Regio, and Modena.

	Cargapol, a City of Russia upon the River Onega, or Poroga, almost 200 Russian Miles from Archangel to the South-West. This City gives name to a Province on the White Sea.

	Caridia, a small Town and Gulph in the Province of Romania in the Morea, about 10 Leagues from Gallipoli, upon the Archipelago. Heretofore a more considerable place, and known to the Antients under the Name Cardiopolis.		Caridia, a small Town and Gulph in the Province of Romania in the Morea, about 10 Leagues from Gallipoli, upon the Archipelago. Heretofore a more considerable place, and known to the Antients under the Name Cardiopolis.
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	Carignan, a Principality and City in Piedmont, situated upon the Po, which is here covered with a good Bridge, betwixt Turin and Carmagnole: In a fruitful Soil, and defended with a Castle.		Carignan, a Principality and City in Piedmont, situated upon the Po, which is here covered with a good Bridge, betwixt Turin and Carmagnole: In a fruitful Soil, and defended with a Castle.

	Carin, Cyrrhus, a City of Syria, which had its antient Name from Cyrus the Founder of it: first		Carin, Cyrrhus, a City of Syria, which had its antient Name from Cyrus the Founder of it: first a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Hierapolis; afterwards a Metropolis under the Patriarch of Antioch; seated upon the River Marsyas, now Quars, which falls into the Euphrates at Samosat; 45 Miles from Zeugma to the North-East, and as many from the Euphrates to the West, and 25 from Aleppo to the North. Long. 70. 10. Lat. 36. 00.

	=== descriptionPage 76 ===
	a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Hierapolis; afterwards a Metropolis under the Patriarch of Antioch; seated upon the River Marsyas, now Quars, which falls into the Euphrates at Samosat; 45 Miles from Zeugma to the North-East, and as many from the Euphrates to the West, and 25 from Aleppo to the North. Long. 70. 10. Lat. 36. 00.

	Carinola, Calenum, a small City in the Province di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Capua but the City is almost desolate, by reason of the unhealthfulness of its situation. It stands at the foot of Mount Massico, 4 Miles from the Shoars of the Tyrrheman Sea, and 25 North of Naples; giving the Title of an Earldom.		Carinola, Calenum, a small City in the Province di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Capua but the City is almost desolate, by reason of the unhealthfulness of its situation. It stands at the foot of Mount Massico, 4 Miles from the Shoars of the Tyrrheman Sea, and 25 North of Naples; giving the Title of an Earldom.
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	Duysburg. See Duisburg.		Duysburg. See Duisburg.

	Dwina, Duna, Dzwina, a vast River in Muscovy or Russia, which riseth in the Province of Megrina, from two several Heads that unite at VVologda, one of the principal Cities of Russia; and running North-East, passeth by the Lake of Soeclina, beneath which, it receiveth from the East the River Juga; and a little lower the River VVuyma; then turning North-East, it falls into the VVhite Sea by three Mouths; upon the most Eastern of which, stands Arch-Angel, the only frequented Port of Russia. The heads of this River were called before their union, Jagel and Sachana; and after it Dwina. § There is another River of the same Name, which riseth out of a Lake of the same Name, ten Leagues from the Lake of Fronowo, and the Sources of the Nieper; and falls into the Baltick Sea below Riga, saith Olearius. I suppose this is it which the latter▪ Maps call Duna. This River riseth in a Province of Russia called Novogard, near the Lake VVolga, and the Fountains of the River of that Name; and turning Westward, being augmented by some smaller Rivers, it entereth Lithuania at VVitepks; then passing Poloczko, Drima, Duneberg, Kakenheusen, and separating Livonia from Semigallia, it falls into the Gulph or Bay of Livonia (a part of the Baltick Sea) on the South of Riga, by Dunemund, a Castle seated on the Mouth of it. The Muscovites call it Dzwina, saith Baudrand. § The Province of Dwina is the greatest and most Northern of all Russia; heretofore subject to the Duke of Novogard; one hundred Russian Miles in length. It had formerly but one City, called by the same Name, which stands in the middle of it; but since the Passage to Arch-Angel has been discovered, it is become one of the most considerable Provinces in Russia; Arch-Angel being seated in this Province, and the greatest Trade driven on the Dwina.

	Dyfy. See Dee, a River in VVales.		Dyfy. See Dee, a River in VVales.
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	Estella, or Stella, a small City in the Kingdom of Navarr, upon the River Ega, where it receives the Vreder; eight Miles from Pampelona to the South, and the same from Calahorra to the North. Built in the year 1094. It is the Capital of the Territory called la Merindada de Estella.		Estella, or Stella, a small City in the Kingdom of Navarr, upon the River Ega, where it receives the Vreder; eight Miles from Pampelona to the South, and the same from Calahorra to the North. Built in the year 1094. It is the Capital of the Territory called la Merindada de Estella.

	Esten, Esthonia, a considerable Province in the North of Livonia; heretofore under the Poles, but now the Swedes. It lies between the Sinus Finnicus, a part of the Baltick Sea to the North; Lettonia, Liefland, to the South; the Bay of Riga to the West; and Ingria a Province of Russia, to the East: the chief City in it, is Revel, the Capital of this Province, which is sometimes called Eastland.

	Estepa. Astapa, a City or great Town in Andalusia in Spain, seated upon a Hill, in the Confines of the Kingdom of Granada; about twelve Miles from Malaga to the North, and seventeen from Sevil to the South-East. This sprung out of the ruines of Astapa, an old Iberian City, or Phoenician Colony; which being besieged by Marcellus, a Roman General, the Inhabitants burnt themselves with their Wives and Children and all they had, that they might not fall into the hands of the Romans, as Livy saith.		Estepa. Astapa, a City or great Town in Andalusia in Spain, seated upon a Hill, in the Confines of the Kingdom of Granada; about twelve Miles from Malaga to the North, and seventeen from Sevil to the South-East. This sprung out of the ruines of Astapa, an old Iberian City, or Phoenician Colony; which being besieged by Marcellus, a Roman General, the Inhabitants burnt themselves with their Wives and Children and all they had, that they might not fall into the hands of the Romans, as Livy saith.
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	Estouteville, a Town in the Ʋpper Normandy in France, advanced to the quality of a Dukedom by King Francis I. in 1538. There is a Noble Family deriving their Name from it.		Estouteville, a Town in the Ʋpper Normandy in France, advanced to the quality of a Dukedom by King Francis I. in 1538. There is a Noble Family deriving their Name from it.

	Estremadura, Extremadura, is a Province of the Kingdom of Portugal, at the Mouth of the Tagus, upon the Western Ocean: bounded on the North by Beira, on the West and South it has the Ocean, and on the East the rest of Portugal. The principal City is Lisbon, the Capital of the Kingdom; and as for this Province, it is divided into six Counties, which they call Comarcaes. § There was anciently another Province called La Estremadura de Castilla, because it was Extrema Durii; for on the North it was bounded by the Durius, or Douero, a great River of Spain; on the West it was separated from the Kingdom of		Estremadura, Extremadura, is a Province of the Kingdom of Portugal, at the Mouth of the Tagus, upon the Western Ocean: bounded on the North by Beira, on the West and South it has the Ocean, and on the East the rest of Portugal. The principal City is Lisbon, the Capital of the Kingdom; and as for this Province, it is divided into six Counties, which they call Comarcaes. § There was anciently another Province called La Estremadura de Castilla, because it was Extrema Durii; for on the North it was bounded by the Durius, or Douero, a great River of Spain; on the West it was separated from the Kingdom of Leon, by the Rivers Heban and Rigamon; from thence it extended by the Rivers Guadarrama, which washeth Madrid and Somosierra, to the Fountains of the River Douero: so that it was one hundred Spanish Leagues in compass, and Segovia was the Capital of this Province: but as Ximines saith, after it was united to Castile, it lost the Name, which in after times was given to others.

	=== descriptionPage 136 ===
	Leon, by the Rivers Heban and Rigamon; from thence it extended by the Rivers Guadarrama, which washeth Madrid and Somosierra, to the Fountains of the River Douero: so that it was one hundred Spanish Leagues in compass, and Segovia was the Capital of this Province: but as Ximines saith, after it was united to Castile, it lost the Name, which in after times was given to others.

	Etsch, Athesis, a River of Italy, called by the Italians, Adige; by the Germans, Etch. It springeth out of Mount Brenna, one of the highest of the Alpine Mountains in Tirol; and passing through a Territory of Etschlender, which takes its Name from it, it leaves Meran and Bolsano (considerable Towns) on the East; turning South, it takes in the Rivers Eisock (which falls by Brixen), Neves and Lavisium; then watereth the famous City of Trent, beneath which it admits Perzene, and so goes on to Verona, which it divides in its passage; and passing Legnano, Rovigo and Anguilara, it falls into the Adriatick Sea by Porto di Fossone, in later Maps called Porto di l'Adige; eighteen Miles South of Venice, and three North of the Mouth of the Po.		Etsch, Athesis, a River of Italy, called by the Italians, Adige; by the Germans, Etch. It springeth out of Mount Brenna, one of the highest of the Alpine Mountains in Tirol; and passing through a Territory of Etschlender, which takes its Name from it, it leaves Meran and Bolsano (considerable Towns) on the East; turning South, it takes in the Rivers Eisock (which falls by Brixen), Neves and Lavisium; then watereth the famous City of Trent, beneath which it admits Perzene, and so goes on to Verona, which it divides in its passage; and passing Legnano, Rovigo and Anguilara, it falls into the Adriatick Sea by Porto di Fossone, in later Maps called Porto di l'Adige; eighteen Miles South of Venice, and three North of the Mouth of the Po.
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	Eugubio. See Gubio.		Eugubio. See Gubio.

	Euphrates, though I have discoursed shortly of this River already in the word Aferat, yet because I then wanted some Books that were necessary to give a full account of it, I will here enlarge upon what I there omitted. The first City of Note it washeth, is Baberd; the second Ezrum, so far as it runs West; then it turns South, and passeth by Arzingan and Maaraz, where it takes in Cobaqueb; and over against Ʋrpha, it receives a River which comes from Aleppo; so passing Bir, Rasseca, Belis, Chabuca, as far as Alchabar, it takes in from the East Soaid; and a little lower at Waset and Olim, falls into the Tigris: thus our latest Maps describe the Course of this vast River. The Learned Bochartus saith out of Pliny, Lib. 5. Cap. 26. that eighty three Miles beneath Zeugma, at Massicen, the Euphrates is divided; and on the left hand (the East) it goes into Mesopotamia by Selucia, a little beneath which, it entereth the Tigris. Ptolomy Lib. 5. Cap. 18. agrees with Pliny in this: then he mentions another Branch by the Name of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, the Kings River, or Cut: which by the Arabians is called Amelic; and by Ammianus, Naar-Malcha; which he interprets too the King's River, Lib. 24. which Abidenus saith, was digged by the Order of Nabuchodonozor. Pliny tells us, the reason of this Cut was to prevent the Drowning of Babylon in great Floods. More to the South was a third Branch, which went into the Tigris and Sur, upon which the great Babylon stood by the confession of Ptolomy, though in his Maps it is placed on the second. There was a fourth Branch went to the West, called Kulpa, now Cufa, about the Name of which they are not agreed; but the use of it was to fill a vast Lake on the West of Babylon. Now as to these Branches, the Arabian Geographers agree in these Divisions as still extant. And yet that Branch which went through Babylon, Theodoret saith, was very small, and perhaps now intirely lost. The first and second of the Eastern Branches are represented in our later Maps; and the Western Branch at Cufa; which appear all like Rivers running into the Euphrates, when as indeed they are Branches going out of it. The first is that which the Maps call Zab Major; the second has no Name, but it ought to pass streight to Bagdet; and that which is now the main Stream, seems to have forced its way in a new Channel, after the other was lost and dammed up by Time: the Lakes also to the West which were designed to receive the Waters in times of great Inundations, are filled up by the Mud and Sand, brought down by the River. However that Branch that runs to Cufa, never comes to any Sea, but is lost in the Sands of Arabia; and has turned the fruitful Plains of Babylon into a mere Morass or Bogg, unpassable, uninhabitable. This is the sum of what Mr. Bochart has related more at large. Both Pliny and Strabo agree, that it yearly overflows as the Nile does, and much about the same time; which Inundation has the same effect, as to the sertility of Mesopotamia, that the overflowing of the Nile has upon Egypt. M. Thevenot who crossed it at Bir, saith, it is in Semur not bigger		Euphrates, though I have discoursed shortly of this River already in the word Aferat, yet because I then wanted some Books that were necessary to give a full account of it, I will here enlarge upon what I there omitted. The first City of Note it washeth, is Baberd; the second Ezrum, so far as it runs West; then it turns South, and passeth by Arzingan and Maaraz, where it takes in Cobaqueb; and over against Ʋrpha, it receives a River which comes from Aleppo; so passing Bir, Rasseca, Belis, Chabuca, as far as Alchabar, it takes in from the East Soaid; and a little lower at Waset and Olim, falls into the Tigris: thus our latest Maps describe the Course of this vast River. The Learned Bochartus saith out of Pliny, Lib. 5. Cap. 26. that eighty three Miles beneath Zeugma, at Massicen, the Euphrates is divided; and on the left hand (the East) it goes into Mesopotamia by Selucia, a little beneath which, it entereth the Tigris. Ptolomy Lib. 5. Cap. 18. agrees with Pliny in this: then he mentions another Branch by the Name of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, the Kings River, or Cut: which by the Arabians is called Amelic; and by Ammianus, Naar-Malcha; which he interprets too the King's River, Lib. 24. which Abidenus saith, was digged by the Order of Nabuchodonozor. Pliny tells us, the reason of this Cut was to prevent the Drowning of Babylon in great Floods. More to the South was a third Branch, which went into the Tigris and Sur, upon which the great Babylon stood by the confession of Ptolomy, though in his Maps it is placed on the second. There was a fourth Branch went to the West, called Kulpa, now Cufa, about the Name of which they are not agreed; but the use of it was to fill a vast Lake on the West of Babylon. Now as to these Branches, the Arabian Geographers agree in these Divisions as still extant. And yet that Branch which went through Babylon, Theodoret saith, was very small, and perhaps now intirely lost. The first and second of the Eastern Branches are represented in our later Maps; and the Western Branch at Cufa; which appear all like Rivers running into the Euphrates, when as indeed they are Branches going out of it. The first is that which the Maps call Zab Major; the second has no Name, but it ought to pass streight to Bagdet; and that which is now the main Stream, seems to have forced its way in a new Channel, after the other was lost and dammed up by Time: the Lakes also to the West which were designed to receive the Waters in times of great Inundations, are filled up by the Mud and Sand, brought down by the River. However that Branch that runs to Cufa, never comes to any Sea, but is lost in the Sands of Arabia; and has turned the fruitful Plains of Babylon into a mere Morass or Bogg, unpassable, uninhabitable. This is the sum of what Mr. Bochart has related more at large. Both Pliny and Strabo agree, that it yearly overflows as the Nile does, and much about the same time; which Inundation has the same effect, as to the sertility of Mesopotamia, that the overflowing of the Nile has upon Egypt. M. Thevenot who crossed it at Bir, saith, it is in Semur not bigger than the Seine at Paris; though its Bed is twice as big. The Waters of it run very slowly, and are Navigable, as far as to the place where it joins the Tigris.

	=== descriptionPage 137 ===
	than the Seine at Paris; though its Bed is twice as big. The Waters of it run very slowly, and are Navigable, as far as to the place where it joins the Tigris.

	Evisse. See Ivica.		Evisse. See Ivica.

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