Source:MoreriPQR - Revision history

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	Philippides of Athens, a famous Comick Poet, who lived in the time of Alexander the Great, in the 111 Olympiad. He was the Son of Philocles, Brother to Morsimus, a Poet also; and Suidas makes mention of 45 of his Pieces, some whereof are cited by Athenaeus and Julius Pollux. He had a great share in the esteem of Lysimachus, who having asked him what he would have of him, answered, What you please, provided it be not your secret. He died for joy of having won the Crown of Poetry when he expected it not. Aulus Gellius lib. 3. c. 15. Athenaeus l. 15.		Philippides of Athens, a famous Comick Poet, who lived in the time of Alexander the Great, in the 111 Olympiad. He was the Son of Philocles, Brother to Morsimus, a Poet also; and Suidas makes mention of 45 of his Pieces, some whereof are cited by Athenaeus and Julius Pollux. He had a great share in the esteem of Lysimachus, who having asked him what he would have of him, answered, What you please, provided it be not your secret. He died for joy of having won the Crown of Poetry when he expected it not. Aulus Gellius lib. 3. c. 15. Athenaeus l. 15.

	Philippine Islands, are certain Isles in Asia in the Indian Sea, between China and the Molucca's; they were so called, because they were first inhabited by the Spaniards in the Reign of Philip II. but the Portuguese name them Manhilles, which is the name of the chief of them, and the Indians call them Luzones. Authors affirm, there are above 1200 of these Islands. They were discovered in 1520, by Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese, who was kill'd there in the Isle of Cebu; but they were not inhabited by the Spaniards till 1564: The principal of them is Manhilla or Lucon, with a City of the same name; the others are Mindanas, Paragoia or Calamiaires, Mindora, Tandaia or Philippine, Cebu or los Pintados, Paraia, Masbat, Sabunta, Matan, Luban, Capul, Abuyo, Banton, Rohol, Verde, des Negoas, san Jean, &c. The rest are less considerable. Some Authors are of Opinion, that these Islands are the Barussae of Ptolomy. The principal Cities are Mindanao or Tabouc, Caures de Camarinha, Nueva Segovia or Cagaion, Villa Jesu, Cebu, &c. The Spaniards were Masters of all these Islands, but for some time past Mindanao, Paragoia, and some others, have been taken from them. They are fruitfull, and besides Corn and Wine, they have Pepper, Cinnamon, Sugar, Honey, and Mines, &c. There is found in the Sea encompassing these Islands, a sort of Fish resembling Sirens, which those of the Isle of Lucon call the Women-fish, because their Head, Face, Neck and Breasts are somewhat like those of a Woman, and they couple also with the Male: it's about as big as a Calf, and its flesh tasts like Beef; they fish for them with Nets made of Cords as thick as one's Finger, and when they are taken they kill them with Darts. Their Bones and Teeth have a special Virtue for the curing of the Disentery or Bloody-Flux. The Air of these Islands is very hot, and but a very little difference of Seasons to be perceiv'd: Rains begin to fall there in the end of May, and last without Intermission for three or four Months; but it scarcely Rains at any other time. The Country is very subject to Hurricanes which blow down the greatest Trees; here are also Springs of hot Water, and a great many Snakes, whereof some are two Fathoms, others above thirty Foot long. The Inhabitants are well shap'd, having handsome Faces and very white: Some wear a dress that comes as low as the Ancle; others have a little White, Yellow, or Red Coat that hangs down as far as the Knee, which they tye with a Girdle. The Women as well as the Men are continually in the Water, wherein they swim like Fish: They bath themselves all hours of the Day as well for their pleasure as cleanliness: When they are sick they use no bleeding, nor any other Remedies but some Herbs, of which they make a kind of Ptisan. They use Rice instead of Bread, and make Drink of the same as intoxicating as the Wine of Europe. In these Islands there is neither Corn nor Wine, nor Oyl of Olives, nor any Fruits which grow in Europe, except Oranges. There are no Mines of Silver, and but little of this metal to be seen there; what there is being brought from Mexico. There are some Gold Mines found in the Isle of Manhilla, and in the River of Butuan in the Isle of Mindanao. In the Mountains are found a great deal of Wax and Honey, and many Palm-trees, which are the greatest riches of the Country. Since the Spaniards came to inhabit there, they have built several Sugar-mills, which hath render'd that Commodity so very cheap, that one may have five and twenty pounds, sixteen ounces each, for twenty pence. Their Arms are a Lance, Arrows, the Campilan or great Cutlas, the Cris or Poiniard, the Zompites or Shooting-Trunks, out of which they blow little poisoned Arrows. The Spaniards have taught them the use of Fire-Arms, which they handle very well, especially such of them as are listed in the Spanish Troops; but these Islanders are naturally Cowards, and fitter to lie in Ambuscade than to fight an Enemy in the Field. The Spaniards, who dwell in these Islands, have an Archbishop, who resides at Manhilla, and has three thousand Ducats Revenue. These Islands depend upon the Crown of Castile; the Governour resides at Manhilla; he is also President, and as Captain General disposes of all places both Military and Civil. Several of these Islanders have embraced the Christian Religion, the rest are still Idolaters. The Dutch E. India Company have much ruin'd the trade of the Spaniards in these parts, and occasion'd the defection of a great many of these Islands from 'em. M. Thevenot's Relation de Phil.

	<nowiki>*</nowiki> Philip's Norton, a Market-Town of Wellow Hundred in the N. E. of Somersetshire, 84 miles from London.		<nowiki>*</nowiki> Philip's Norton, a Market-Town of Wellow Hundred in the N. E. of Somersetshire, 84 miles from London.

	Philipstadt, Lat. Philippopolis, a new City in Swedeland, in the Province of Vermeland, standing among ponds of Water.		Philipstadt, Lat. Philippopolis, a new City in Swedeland, in the Province of Vermeland, standing among ponds of Water.

	Philipsburg, an Important Fortress in Germany upon the Rhine, called formerly Udenheim; it took its modern name from Philip Christopher de Saeterin, Bishop of Spire and Archbishop of Trier. This Prelate caused it to be built and fortified with seven Bastions, where the Bishop's Castle, and the Village of Udenheim stood, almost upon the brink of the Rhine, in a Plain surrounded with Marish Ground. Philipsburg in 1634 fell into the hands of the Imperialists through the Cowardliness of the Governour. The Swedes drove them thence January 15. 1634, and gave it to Lewis XIIIth. but as the Fortifications of it could not be finished, because of the rigour of the Winter, the Imperialists surpriz'd it by Night January 23. 1635. Afterwards the Duke of Anguien, having defeated the Bavarians at Friburg, retook Spire and Philipsburg, September 1644. The French King caused it to be regularly fortified, and made it a very important place. The Germans and their Allies, who had blocked it up for a long time, besieged it May 16. 1676, and it was surrender'd to them upon Articles, September the 17th following; but is was retaken by Lewis de Bourbon, the Dauphin of France in 1688. It stands three German miles from Heydelberg to the S. three from Durlach to the N. and about two S. from Spires. It was consign'd to the Bishop of Spire. But under the perpetual Protection of the Emperor, the Bishop has ever had his Residence in the Castl•, which is a noble Pile. This place lies a quarter of a mile from the Rhine in a Morass, and is but small; the Bastions are little, and there is a Ravelline before almost all the Cortines, but the Morass is its best defence. The French had begun a Crown Work on the side towards the Rhine, and it is thought they design'd to carry that Crown Work quite round the Town, and to make a second Wall and Ditch all round it, which would have endangered the Palatinate by enlarging it; which made that Elector engage the Emperor to retake it, and he also supplied the Duke of Lorrain's Camp so well, during the Siege, that it wanted nothing. In 1688 it was again besieged by the French, who thus described its Situation and Fortifications. It is situate (say they) near the Rhine, on the German side, and is almost surrounded with a Morass, and is besides regularly fortified with seven Bastions and half Moons in the places by which it is accessible: The Ground between the place and the Rhine is covered with a Crown-work and a Horn-work, which stands about twenty yards from the Rhine. All these Fortifications are lined with Stone, as likewise the covered way, and the other Works that inviron it. It was invested by the French the 27th of September 1688. The sixth of October the Dauphin of France came thither, who here made his first Campagn: The first of November it was surrender'd when it might have holden out much longer. However this Siege gave liberty to the Prince of Orange to rescue England from Popery and Tyranny.

	Philistines, a people of Palaestine towards the Borders of Egypt, along the Sea-coasts. They were Enemies to the Israelites, whom they brought afterwards into servitude, defeated them, and took away their Ark; but the Israelites reveng'd themselves frequently afterwards.		Philistines, a people of Palaestine towards the Borders of Egypt, along the Sea-coasts. They were Enemies to the Israelites, whom they brought afterwards into servitude, defeated them, and took away their Ark; but the Israelites reveng'd themselves frequently afterwards.
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	Phocion, General of the Athenian Army, was a great Orator, valiant Captain, and a wise Citizen. Demosthenes was afraid of his Eloquence; and when he saw him stand up at the Bar to answer him, was wont to say, Here is the Ax or Sword that cuts me to pieces, that is, Here is the only Person capable to unrivet my Discourses, to answer their Difficulties, and to weaken my Reasons. In short, the great Moderation of Phocion carried him far above the Vehemency of Demosthenes. One day this same Person suffered himself in the presence of the People, to utter very opprobrious things against Alexander. Phocion stopped him, by informing of him, he ought not to provoke a fierce Enemy; and exhorted the People rather to stand upon their Guard, and defend themselves well when there should be occasion. Philip of Macedon had so great an Esteem of his Courage and Military Conduct, that he dreaded him. At the Death of that King, the Athenians desirous to make publick Rejoicings, Phocion prevented them, by putting them in mind that they had lost but one Man against Philip in the Battle of Cheronea. It was he also who by his prudent and moderate Counsels, diverted Alexander from the War he would have undertaken, not only against the Athenians, but all Greece, by representing to him, That it was his own Country, and that if it was dishonourable to him to languish in repose, it would be much more glorious for him to go and subdue the Barbarians, who acknowledged not his Empire, than to disturb the Peace of his Country. Alexander finding this Counsel very effectual, by the great Successes that attended his Enterprises in Asia, sent him a Present of an hundred Talents, after the last Victory which he won from Darius, and the entire Conquest of Persia. Phocion asked those that brought him the Present, what reason Alexander had to distinguish him in that manner, by so great a Liberality? It was answered, That he was the only Person in Athens whom Alexander acknowledged to be an Honest Man. If he had acknowledged me to be such, saith Phocion, in my mean condition, He should have left me so. And while he was a-speaking thus, he drew Water out of the Well himself, and his Wife was making Bread. Those who talked to him, being surprised at the Poverty of his Family, and charmed with his Vertues, pressed him very much to accept of their Master's Present, but they could not prevail with him, he putting it off with this wise Answer, If I should receive the wealth you offer me, and not make use of it, it would doe me no good, and if I should make use of it, I should give my Citizens occasion to speak with indignation against Alexander, and with envy against me. Alexander seeing him send back his Present, was not content with this Refusal, and writ to him, That those who would take nothing of him, were none of his Friends. Whereupon Phocion petitioned him very earnestly to set at Liberty some Rhodians kept in Prison at Sardis, which Alexander immediately granted; and believing he should find him easier to receive of him, after having once obliged him to ask something; he sent Craterus to him, with the Prisoners he had enlarged, to press him a-new to accept the hundred Talents from him; but Phocion continued still to refuse them. And Alexander soon after died. Antipater, one of Alexander's Successors, offered also great Sums of Money to Phocion by Menillus; but he would never take any. And on Menillus his representing to him, That if he would take none for himself, he ought at least-wise to accept of it for his Children; he plainly answered, That if his Children did imitate him, they should have enough as well as he; and if they must be debauched, he would le•ve them nothing wherewith to entertain their Debaucheries. He was Scholar to Plato and Xenocrates, and afterwards retired to a small Inheritance where he had lived contentedly without concerning himself with the Affairs of the Publick. It's observed that he was never seen to laugh or cry. His Innocence and Vertue rendred his Poverty honourable. He was obliged to take up Arms for the Defence of his Country; and his Conduct was successfull against Philip of Macedon, and upon several other occasions. The Haven of Piraeum having been surprized by the Enemy about the 436 of Rome, Phocion, being then Archon and Govenour of Athens, was accused of having connived at them, and at last condemned to Death being about eighty years of Age. The Athenians became sensible of their Error quickly after his Death. Whereupon they erected him a Statue, and cut off his Accuser. And at the Instance of Phocus, his Son, treated Epicurus and Demophilus in like manner. Cornelius Nepos, Plutarch, &c.		Phocion, General of the Athenian Army, was a great Orator, valiant Captain, and a wise Citizen. Demosthenes was afraid of his Eloquence; and when he saw him stand up at the Bar to answer him, was wont to say, Here is the Ax or Sword that cuts me to pieces, that is, Here is the only Person capable to unrivet my Discourses, to answer their Difficulties, and to weaken my Reasons. In short, the great Moderation of Phocion carried him far above the Vehemency of Demosthenes. One day this same Person suffered himself in the presence of the People, to utter very opprobrious things against Alexander. Phocion stopped him, by informing of him, he ought not to provoke a fierce Enemy; and exhorted the People rather to stand upon their Guard, and defend themselves well when there should be occasion. Philip of Macedon had so great an Esteem of his Courage and Military Conduct, that he dreaded him. At the Death of that King, the Athenians desirous to make publick Rejoicings, Phocion prevented them, by putting them in mind that they had lost but one Man against Philip in the Battle of Cheronea. It was he also who by his prudent and moderate Counsels, diverted Alexander from the War he would have undertaken, not only against the Athenians, but all Greece, by representing to him, That it was his own Country, and that if it was dishonourable to him to languish in repose, it would be much more glorious for him to go and subdue the Barbarians, who acknowledged not his Empire, than to disturb the Peace of his Country. Alexander finding this Counsel very effectual, by the great Successes that attended his Enterprises in Asia, sent him a Present of an hundred Talents, after the last Victory which he won from Darius, and the entire Conquest of Persia. Phocion asked those that brought him the Present, what reason Alexander had to distinguish him in that manner, by so great a Liberality? It was answered, That he was the only Person in Athens whom Alexander acknowledged to be an Honest Man. If he had acknowledged me to be such, saith Phocion, in my mean condition, He should have left me so. And while he was a-speaking thus, he drew Water out of the Well himself, and his Wife was making Bread. Those who talked to him, being surprised at the Poverty of his Family, and charmed with his Vertues, pressed him very much to accept of their Master's Present, but they could not prevail with him, he putting it off with this wise Answer, If I should receive the wealth you offer me, and not make use of it, it would doe me no good, and if I should make use of it, I should give my Citizens occasion to speak with indignation against Alexander, and with envy against me. Alexander seeing him send back his Present, was not content with this Refusal, and writ to him, That those who would take nothing of him, were none of his Friends. Whereupon Phocion petitioned him very earnestly to set at Liberty some Rhodians kept in Prison at Sardis, which Alexander immediately granted; and believing he should find him easier to receive of him, after having once obliged him to ask something; he sent Craterus to him, with the Prisoners he had enlarged, to press him a-new to accept the hundred Talents from him; but Phocion continued still to refuse them. And Alexander soon after died. Antipater, one of Alexander's Successors, offered also great Sums of Money to Phocion by Menillus; but he would never take any. And on Menillus his representing to him, That if he would take none for himself, he ought at least-wise to accept of it for his Children; he plainly answered, That if his Children did imitate him, they should have enough as well as he; and if they must be debauched, he would le•ve them nothing wherewith to entertain their Debaucheries. He was Scholar to Plato and Xenocrates, and afterwards retired to a small Inheritance where he had lived contentedly without concerning himself with the Affairs of the Publick. It's observed that he was never seen to laugh or cry. His Innocence and Vertue rendred his Poverty honourable. He was obliged to take up Arms for the Defence of his Country; and his Conduct was successfull against Philip of Macedon, and upon several other occasions. The Haven of Piraeum having been surprized by the Enemy about the 436 of Rome, Phocion, being then Archon and Govenour of Athens, was accused of having connived at them, and at last condemned to Death being about eighty years of Age. The Athenians became sensible of their Error quickly after his Death. Whereupon they erected him a Statue, and cut off his Accuser. And at the Instance of Phocus, his Son, treated Epicurus and Demophilus in like manner. Cornelius Nepos, Plutarch, &c.

	Phocis, a Province of Greece between Boeotia and Aetolia, having Anticyra, Cirrha, Delphos, and the Hill Parnassus, with Helicon at the end of it. Its Inhabitants, at the Persuasion of Philomelus, robbed the Temple of Apollo at Delphos, and defeated the Locrians in the 106th. Olympiad, and 399 of Rome. The Greeks, to revenge this Sacrilege, began that which they called the Holy-war. The Phocians made an Alliance with the Athenians and those of Lacedaemon; but that prevented not their being vanquished by those of Thebes and Locris. And Philomelus threw himself headlong over a Rock. Onomarcus, who after him took upon him the Command of the Army, courageously withstood the Thebans. But at last, his Soldiers growing weary of him, threw him into the Sea, where he died one of those sorts of Death appointed for those that committed Sacrilege. Phalacus his Son defeated the Enemy afterwards. But coming to be killed, and the Holy-war terminated in the 108th. Olympiad, and 408th. of Rome, the Cities of Phocis were razed to the Ground, and the People condemned to live in the Villages. The Phocenses had to the West the Locri, to the South the Western Bay of Corinth, now called Lepanto, to the East Boeotia, and to the N.E. the Doreans. The Tribunal of the Amphyctiones, whose Jurisdiction extended over all Greece, and the Oracle of Delphos, do both shew the Antiquity and Greatness of these People, because they were long before the Trojan War. There was another Branch of the Greeks of the same Name, called so from Phocea, a City of Ionia in the Lesser Asia, who built Marseilles in France. Phocis was fruitfull as to Corn and Cattle, and the People were a crafty, valiant Race of Men, and for a long time exercised Piracy. They were enriched also by the Delphick Oracle, which was much frequented by distant Nations. Strabo. lib. 5. Pliny.

	Phocus, an Athenian, the Son of Phocion, was a very debauched young man, especially given much to Wine; but otherwise generous and respectfull towards his Father. Phocion, willing to draw him off from his Extravagances, sent him to Sparta, that he might learn to imitate the great Frugality of the Lacedaemonians; saying, It was lawfull, and also commendable, to profit by the Vertues of ones Enemies. He was condemned at Athens as a Traitor to his Country. And although that great Man was asked before he died, if he had any thing to leave in Command to his Son, he made answer, That he had nothing to recommend to him, but to forget the injuries of the Athenians. Yet Phocus failed not to evidence his Resentments against his Enemies and those who had accused his Father. Plutarch in Apophthegm.		Phocus, an Athenian, the Son of Phocion, was a very debauched young man, especially given much to Wine; but otherwise generous and respectfull towards his Father. Phocion, willing to draw him off from his Extravagances, sent him to Sparta, that he might learn to imitate the great Frugality of the Lacedaemonians; saying, It was lawfull, and also commendable, to profit by the Vertues of ones Enemies. He was condemned at Athens as a Traitor to his Country. And although that great Man was asked before he died, if he had any thing to leave in Command to his Son, he made answer, That he had nothing to recommend to him, but to forget the injuries of the Athenians. Yet Phocus failed not to evidence his Resentments against his Enemies and those who had accused his Father. Plutarch in Apophthegm.

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	Riez, a City of France in Provence, with a Bishoprick suffragan of Aix. Latin Authors call it variously, as Rejus, Rejensis Civitas, Albecum Rejorum Apollinarium, Colonia Rejorum: Gregory of Tours and others Regium & Civitas Regiensium. This City is very ancient, and the Inscriptions and other Monuments of Antiquity that are to be seen there are an unquestionable proof thereof. It is finely situated, and its Soil very fertil. In 439 fourteen Bishops assembled at Riez, for to rectifie the Errors of the Ordination of Armentarius Bishop of Autun, which was by two Prelates only, without the Authority of the Metropolitan; it was rendred null, and Armentarius reduced to the dignity of Chorepiscopus; S. Hilarius of Arles presided at this Council. It stands 28 miles S. of Sisteron, 37 N. E. of Aix, and 46 N. of Toulon.		Riez, a City of France in Provence, with a Bishoprick suffragan of Aix. Latin Authors call it variously, as Rejus, Rejensis Civitas, Albecum Rejorum Apollinarium, Colonia Rejorum: Gregory of Tours and others Regium & Civitas Regiensium. This City is very ancient, and the Inscriptions and other Monuments of Antiquity that are to be seen there are an unquestionable proof thereof. It is finely situated, and its Soil very fertil. In 439 fourteen Bishops assembled at Riez, for to rectifie the Errors of the Ordination of Armentarius Bishop of Autun, which was by two Prelates only, without the Authority of the Metropolitan; it was rendred null, and Armentarius reduced to the dignity of Chorepiscopus; S. Hilarius of Arles presided at this Council. It stands 28 miles S. of Sisteron, 37 N. E. of Aix, and 46 N. of Toulon.

	Riga, which the Germans call Rigen, and the Inhabitants Riig, is the Capital City of Livonia upon the River Duna, which dischargeth it self a little lower into the Gulf of Riga, part of the Baltick Sea. It was built by Albert III. Bishop of Livonia in 1196; or according to others, by Bertold also Bishop of Livonia in 1186, who there fixed his Episcopal See. This Church was erected into an Archbishoprick in 1215 by Pope Innocent III. and made Metropolitan of all Livonia, Prussia and Curland. The Knights of the Order of Espadon, and afterwards the Grand Master of the Teutonick Order in Prussia divided there the Government and Soveraignty with the Archbishop, untill the change of Religion came. At the same time the War of the Muscovites obliged the Inhabitants of Riga to have recourse to the King of Poland, to whom they voluntarily gave themselves up in 1561. Charles IX. King of Swedeland

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	besieged the Town of Riga in 1605, but he was constrained to raise the Siege then, as also in 1609. His Son Gustavus Adolphus was more fortunate, who took this City in 1621; since that time it has been in the possession of the Swedes. Some years agoe the Muscovites had a design to render themselves Masters of it, but they lost a great part of their Army, and raised the Siege shamefully. The Situation of this City is very agreeable, standing in a great Plain upon the brink of the River Duna, which is a quarter of a League broad in that same place. It is very populous, and considerable because of its Commerce as well with the English as with the Hollanders, and the Hans-Towns of Germany, when the Summer renders the Baltick Sea navigable; and also with the Muscovites when the Ice can bear their Sledges. Provisions there are very cheap, as also Fowl and Venison, for that every body are free to hunt. They are of the Protestant Religion: the Ministers preach in the German Tongue, but for the meaner sort of People they make use of the Sclavonian Language, and in two particular Churches the Curland Speech. The Magistrate also expedites all Deeds, and the like, in the German Tongue. * Meinardus the Apostle of Livonia became the first Bishop of this City in 1186, Bertoldus was his Successor, and turned from the way of Preaching to that of Dragooning, in which he perished by the just Judgment of God in his first fight with the Livonians in 1198: His Successor was Albert of Brandenburgh, a young brisk Soldier, who trusted more to the Sword than the Word, and he walled Riga for a Cittadel of the Livonians in 1200 or thereabout; for he spent two Summers by way of Incursion before he settled. During the time it was under the Poles the state of it is thus described by Guagninus, who lived then in Poland. Riga is the celebrated Capital of Livonia, fortify'd with a strong Wall, Ramparts, and many Towers; it has two Ditches, a Counterscarp, and three rows of Canon, one above another, round about the Town, and a Pallisado on the Counterscarp. It has Ammunition, Victuals, and a good Garrison in it, as well in times of Peace as in War. Gothard Ketler, Duke of Curland, resides (saith he) in the Castle, but he has no Authority over the City, but they pay their Tributes, and yield a willing subjection to the King of Poland, and are govern'd by Magistrates of their own appointment. Russia sends hither Pot-ashes, Timber, Furrs and Corn in vast abundance by the River Dwina, and in exchange, receives back the Merchandice of all the rest of Europe. At the entrance of the River is a strong Castle, called Dunamunt, and another above it called Blokaus, both Garrison'd by the Poles, and for that reason hated by the Citizens. Thus far he. Riga is seated on the Banks of Dwina, four Leagues from the Baltick. It is not great but compact, and very well peopled. Its Buildings are all of Stone or Brick, and it is fortify'd with a good Wall, good Ditches and Ramparts on that side towards Muscovy. Next the River it has a strong Castle, in which resides the Governour General of Livonia, but it's, after all, most regarded for the Commerce which it draws from all parts of the Baltick, the Ships coming up the Dwina to the very Gates of the City. In the Winter by Sledges they trade with Plesco, Novogorod and Musco, and with Curland at all times. Carlisle's Embassie, p. 338. This was the state of the place in 1664. It stands in a Champaign Country, on the N. E. side of the River Struys, p. 116. Riga is 120 miles N. E. of Memel, 250 S. E. of Stockholm, and 320 N. E. of Warsaw. Olearius.

	Rigault (Nicholas) of Paris, Councellor to the King in the Parliament of Mets, and keeper of the Royal Library, hath been famous for his Learning, and the knowledge he acquired in the Languages, and particularly in the Greek Tongue. The Learned of those times were his Friends, and Peter du Puy, whose Life he writ, was one of the principal. The King made him keeper of his Library after Isaac Causabon, and afterwards Councellor of the Parliament of Mets. He died very aged in the year 1653. The principal Works we have of his, are, Glossarium 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉; Observationes de Populis Fundis, &c. He published also the Works of Cyprian and Tertullian with Notes upon them, as he did also upon Phoedra, Artemidorus, Julian, and the Writings de Re Agraria. Henry Dodwell, a learned Man of England speaks thus of him. Rigault, tho' otherwise an able Critick, is little exact in the things he treats of, and being of the Communion of the Church of Rome yet often takes part with the Calvinists, when he found any thing in the Authors which he published that appeared not only contrary to the Customs of his Church, but also of the Universal Church, he very carefully remarks it, perhaps in order to render his Remarks the more agreeable to his Reader by their Novelty. Wadinge in Annal.		Rigault (Nicholas) of Paris, Councellor to the King in the Parliament of Mets, and keeper of the Royal Library, hath been famous for his Learning, and the knowledge he acquired in the Languages, and particularly in the Greek Tongue. The Learned of those times were his Friends, and Peter du Puy, whose Life he writ, was one of the principal. The King made him keeper of his Library after Isaac Causabon, and afterwards Councellor of the Parliament of Mets. He died very aged in the year 1653. The principal Works we have of his, are, Glossarium 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉; Observationes de Populis Fundis, &c. He published also the Works of Cyprian and Tertullian with Notes upon them, as he did also upon Phoedra, Artemidorus, Julian, and the Writings de Re Agraria. Henry Dodwell, a learned Man of England speaks thus of him. Rigault, tho' otherwise an able Critick, is little exact in the things he treats of, and being of the Communion of the Church of Rome yet often takes part with the Calvinists, when he found any thing in the Authors which he published that appeared not only contrary to the Customs of his Church, but also of the Universal Church, he very carefully remarks it, perhaps in order to render his Remarks the more agreeable to his Reader by their Novelty. Wadinge in Annal.

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	Pella, an ancient City of Coelosyria, was a Bishop's-see under the Patriarch of Jerusalem, who did also reside there for some years. This was the Place where the Christians sheltred themselves during the Siege of Jerusalem. It stands in the half Tribe of Manasseh, East of Jabesh Gilead; it was built by Seleucus, King of Syria, in honour of Alexander the Great, and therefore called by the Name of the Town where he was born. Euseb. lib. 3.		Pella, an ancient City of Coelosyria, was a Bishop's-see under the Patriarch of Jerusalem, who did also reside there for some years. This was the Place where the Christians sheltred themselves during the Siege of Jerusalem. It stands in the half Tribe of Manasseh, East of Jabesh Gilead; it was built by Seleucus, King of Syria, in honour of Alexander the Great, and therefore called by the Name of the Town where he was born. Euseb. lib. 3.

	Pella, a City of Macedonia, now called Zuchria, according to Le Noir, and named Janizza by Sophian. But this is not the same, for it was built by the Turks, this word in their Language signifying a New Town. Pella is yet in being, and they dig up

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	Marble there. The Ancients affirm it to be the Place where Philip of Macedon and Alexander the Great were born; the last of which is called the Pellean by Juvenal, Sat. 10.

	Pelleve, or Pelve, (Nicholas) a Cardinal, Bishop of Amiens, and afterwards Archbishop of Sens and Rheims, was the Son of Charles de Pelleve, Sieur of Jouy, Rebets, &c. and of Helene du Fay, born in the Castle of Jouy, on Monday Octob. 18. 1518. and bred up with much Care. He studied the Law at Bourges where he afterwards taught, and was at last made Councellor in Parliament, and Master of Requests. He was in Favour with the Cardinal of Lorrain, who contributed much to his rising, and procured him the Bishoprick of Amiens. Henry IId. named him to that Dignity, and he possessed himself of it in 1553. He was sent in 1559 to Scotland, and some Doctors of the Sorbon joined with him, to endeavour to suppress the Reformation either by fair or foul means. Elizabeth, Queen of England, sent Succours to the Scots, who besieged the Fort of Leith, famous for the noble, warlike Exploits done there. Pelleve came into France to demand Succours; but a Peace was almost concluded at the same time. This was in the Reign of Francis IId. who died a little after. He followed the Cardinal of Lorrain to the Council of Trent, and finally, Pope Paul Vth. made him a Cardinal in 1560. This Prelate was then in France, and went not till two years after to Rome, where Gregory XIIIth gave him the Cardinal's-cap, and the Title of St John and St. Paul. He lived twenty years after in Rome, and there served the French Kings with a great deal of Ardency, as may be seen in the Letters of Paul de Foix, but he became after this one of the greatest Sticklers in the League: wherefore Henry IIId. caused his Revenues to be seized in France, and by way of Ballery called him Cardinal le Pelé. Then it was that he wanted the Relief of those in the League, and the Bounty of the Popes who put him among the number of the poor Cardinals. However, after the death of the Cardinal of Lorrain, in 1588, he was made Archbishop of Rheims. He came to take Possession of it in 1592, and in that Ci•y held an Ass•mbly, together with the Princes of the House of Lorrain, from thence returned to Paris; was made President of the Council of the Leagu• 〈◊〉 of the Clergy in the States held there by that Party, where h• ••••ed in 1•94, a little after he had made his Submission to Henry the Great, aged 76 years. The Writings of those times g•ve no very good •ccount of him. And the truth is, he was the most bigotted of any to that Party and to the House of the Guises. Frizon. Gall Parp. &c.		Pelleve, or Pelve, (Nicholas) a Cardinal, Bishop of Amiens, and afterwards Archbishop of Sens and Rheims, was the Son of Charles de Pelleve, Sieur of Jouy, Rebets, &c. and of Helene du Fay, born in the Castle of Jouy, on Monday Octob. 18. 1518. and bred up with much Care. He studied the Law at Bourges where he afterwards taught, and was at last made Councellor in Parliament, and Master of Requests. He was in Favour with the Cardinal of Lorrain, who contributed much to his rising, and procured him the Bishoprick of Amiens. Henry IId. named him to that Dignity, and he possessed himself of it in 1553. He was sent in 1559 to Scotland, and some Doctors of the Sorbon joined with him, to endeavour to suppress the Reformation either by fair or foul means. Elizabeth, Queen of England, sent Succours to the Scots, who besieged the Fort of Leith, famous for the noble, warlike Exploits done there. Pelleve came into France to demand Succours; but a Peace was almost concluded at the same time. This was in the Reign of Francis IId. who died a little after. He followed the Cardinal of Lorrain to the Council of Trent, and finally, Pope Paul Vth. made him a Cardinal in 1560. This Prelate was then in France, and went not till two years after to Rome, where Gregory XIIIth gave him the Cardinal's-cap, and the Title of St John and St. Paul. He lived twenty years after in Rome, and there served the French Kings with a great deal of Ardency, as may be seen in the Letters of Paul de Foix, but he became after this one of the greatest Sticklers in the League: wherefore Henry IIId. caused his Revenues to be seized in France, and by way of Ballery called him Cardinal le Pelé. Then it was that he wanted the Relief of those in the League, and the Bounty of the Popes who put him among the number of the poor Cardinals. However, after the death of the Cardinal of Lorrain, in 1588, he was made Archbishop of Rheims. He came to take Possession of it in 1592, and in that Ci•y held an Ass•mbly, together with the Princes of the House of Lorrain, from thence returned to Paris; was made President of the Council of the Leagu• 〈◊〉 of the Clergy in the States held there by that Party, where h• ••••ed in 1•94, a little after he had made his Submission to Henry the Great, aged 76 years. The Writings of those times g•ve no very good •ccount of him. And the truth is, he was the most bigotted of any to that Party and to the House of the Guises. Frizon. Gall Parp. &c.
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	<nowiki>*</nowiki> Podlassia, a Province of Poland, called by them Podlaske, is bounded on the East by Volhinia, on the North by Lithuania, on the. West by Massovia, and on the South by Russia Nigra. It was united to the Kingdom of Poland in 1569. It belonged formerly to Lithuania, and was dismembred from it. The principal Place in it is Bielsko. It is called Podelassia. Next Bielsk are Tycokzyn and Augustow, two strong Places. The other Towns are Bransko, Suras, Knyssyn, Narew, Wasilkow and Augustow.		<nowiki>*</nowiki> Podlassia, a Province of Poland, called by them Podlaske, is bounded on the East by Volhinia, on the North by Lithuania, on the. West by Massovia, and on the South by Russia Nigra. It was united to the Kingdom of Poland in 1569. It belonged formerly to Lithuania, and was dismembred from it. The principal Place in it is Bielsko. It is called Podelassia. Next Bielsk are Tycokzyn and Augustow, two strong Places. The other Towns are Bransko, Suras, Knyssyn, Narew, Wasilkow and Augustow.

	Podolia, a great Province of Poland, in Lithuania, between Moldavia, Black-Russia and Volhinia. It's usually divided into the Higher-Podolia, that lies to the West, wherein are the Cities of Bar and Kaminieck; and into the Lower, which lies to the East; and has in it the City of Bracklaw. This Province is very fertile, hath been often wasted by the Inroads of the Tartars and Cossacks, and is now the Theatre of the War between the Poles and the Turks, who have made themselves Masters of Caminieck.

	Poecile, a Gallery in Athens, enriched with curious Paintings, where Zeno read his Philosophick Lectures, and where his Followers disputed, for which Reason they were called Stoicks; from the Greek word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 which signifies a Gallery. The word Poecile comes from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, diversified, because of the variety of Pictures there.		Poecile, a Gallery in Athens, enriched with curious Paintings, where Zeno read his Philosophick Lectures, and where his Followers disputed, for which Reason they were called Stoicks; from the Greek word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 which signifies a Gallery. The word Poecile comes from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, diversified, because of the variety of Pictures there.
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	Ptolomy V. called Epiphanes, that is, Illustrious, was but four or five years old when his Father died. Agathocles, Sister to Agathoclea the late King's Concubine, and their Mother Ananthe, had usurped the Government. They did for some time conceal the King's death, wasted the Treasure, and would have put the young Prince to death; but the Egyptians freed him from this danger, and put him under the protection of the Romans. Antiochus VIII. that he might re-take Syria, married his Daughter Cleopatra to Ptolomy; but she preferred the Interest of her Husband before that of her Father; and so all his Measures were broke. Ptolomy left two Sons, and died after he had reigned 27 years, in the year of World 3873, and 573 of Rome. Eusebius in Chron. St. Jerom in c. 11.		Ptolomy V. called Epiphanes, that is, Illustrious, was but four or five years old when his Father died. Agathocles, Sister to Agathoclea the late King's Concubine, and their Mother Ananthe, had usurped the Government. They did for some time conceal the King's death, wasted the Treasure, and would have put the young Prince to death; but the Egyptians freed him from this danger, and put him under the protection of the Romans. Antiochus VIII. that he might re-take Syria, married his Daughter Cleopatra to Ptolomy; but she preferred the Interest of her Husband before that of her Father; and so all his Measures were broke. Ptolomy left two Sons, and died after he had reigned 27 years, in the year of World 3873, and 573 of Rome. Eusebius in Chron. St. Jerom in c. 11.

	Ptolomy VI. called by way of Raillery Philometer, because he hated Cleopa•ra his Mother, who would have preferred his younger Brother Ptolomy Phiscon before him. He married his		Ptolomy VI. called by way of Raillery Philometer, because he hated Cleopa•ra his Mother, who would have preferred his younger Brother Ptolomy Phiscon before him. He married his Sister Cleopatra to Alexander Bala, or Balez, King of Syria, whom he dethroned. Ptolomy died after he had reigned 35 years, An. Mun. 3908, in the 167th of the Greek Aera, that answers to the 608th. of Rome. Vid. Alexander I. King of Syria.

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	Sister Cleopatra to Alexander Bala, or Balez, King of Syria, whom he dethroned. Ptolomy died after he had reigned 35 years, An. Mun. 3908, in the 167th of the Greek Aera, that answers to the 608th. of Rome. Vid. Alexander I. King of Syria.

	Ptolomy VII. called Physcon, that is, Debauched, and Euergetes II. by the Alexandrians named Caecrgetes, made himself Master of Egypt after his Brother's death; reigned 29 years; lead an idle and debauched Life; marryed his Sister Cleopatra; had a Son called Memphisus by her, whom he cruelly murthered, and served to his Mother's Table, after he had divorced her, and married the young Cleopatra, the Daughter of Philometer. He, that he might please the Syrians that were weary of the Dominion of Demetrius Nicanor, gave them one Protarchus, a Merchant's Son, for their King. This young Man saying he was adopted by Antiochus Sidetes, took the Name of Alexander upon him, and was surnamed Zebina. Ptolomy Physcon died An. Mun. 3937. Strabo lib. 17. Joseph. lib. 13. Hist. & Cont.		Ptolomy VII. called Physcon, that is, Debauched, and Euergetes II. by the Alexandrians named Caecrgetes, made himself Master of Egypt after his Brother's death; reigned 29 years; lead an idle and debauched Life; marryed his Sister Cleopatra; had a Son called Memphisus by her, whom he cruelly murthered, and served to his Mother's Table, after he had divorced her, and married the young Cleopatra, the Daughter of Philometer. He, that he might please the Syrians that were weary of the Dominion of Demetrius Nicanor, gave them one Protarchus, a Merchant's Son, for their King. This young Man saying he was adopted by Antiochus Sidetes, took the Name of Alexander upon him, and was surnamed Zebina. Ptolomy Physcon died An. Mun. 3937. Strabo lib. 17. Joseph. lib. 13. Hist. & Cont.

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Admin: Created page with "P. (BOOK P) PIs one of the Mutes, and hath no aspiration except in words originally Greek, as Phaeton Philotas. It is sometimes changed into B, as Byrrhus, Balatium, for Pyrrhus, Palatium. The Ancients used this Letter, either to signifie the People, or Part of any thing. Pacamores, People of Peru in the South part of America, dwelling on the River Maragnon or Xauxa, where it falls into that of the Amazons, according to Peter Te∣xeira. Pachacama, a famous, fruitful..."

2025-10-26T03:32:50Z

Created page with "P. (BOOK P) PIs one of the Mutes, and hath no aspiration except in words originally Greek, as Phaeton Philotas. It is sometimes changed into B, as Byrrhus, Balatium, for Pyrrhus, Palatium. The Ancients used this Letter, either to signifie the People, or Part of any thing. Pacamores, People of Peru in the South part of America, dwelling on the River Maragnon or Xauxa, where it falls into that of the Amazons, according to Peter Te∣xeira. Pachacama, a famous, fruitful..."

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