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	Samarath, the name of a Sect of Banjans in the East-Indies, they are a sort of Pythagoreans, and believe the Pre-existence and Transmigration of Souls. They say that God whom they call Permiseer, governs the World by three Lieutenants; the first of whom they call Brama, who sends the Souls into the Bodies they are design'd to by Permiseer: The second is Buffiuna, who teaches Men to live according to the Commands of God, which they have writ down in four Books; he also superintends the growth of Corn and all Vegetables: The third is called Mais, who has power over the Dead, and according to the Proportion of their good or evil Actions, sends them into a Body to do more or less Penance, and when their Penance hath had its full Effect, he presents the purified Souls to Permiseer, who receives them into the number of his Servants. The Wives of this Sect chear∣fully Sacrifice themselves upon their Husbands Funeral Piles, as being fully perswaded that for so doing they shall enjoy Seven∣fold in the other World, whatsoever they have renounced here. As soon as any of their Women are Delivered, they set before the New-born Infant an Inkhorn with Pen and Paper, to inti∣mate that Buffiuna will write the Law of Permiseer in its under∣standing; and if it be a Boy, they add a Bow and Arrows, as a Presage of his being Fortunate in War. Mandeslo, Olearius.		Samarath, the name of a Sect of Banjans in the East-Indies, they are a sort of Pythagoreans, and believe the Pre-existence and Transmigration of Souls. They say that God whom they call Permiseer, governs the World by three Lieutenants; the first of whom they call Brama, who sends the Souls into the Bodies they are design'd to by Permiseer: The second is Buffiuna, who teaches Men to live according to the Commands of God, which they have writ down in four Books; he also superintends the growth of Corn and all Vegetables: The third is called Mais, who has power over the Dead, and according to the Proportion of their good or evil Actions, sends them into a Body to do more or less Penance, and when their Penance hath had its full Effect, he presents the purified Souls to Permiseer, who receives them into the number of his Servants. The Wives of this Sect chear∣fully Sacrifice themselves upon their Husbands Funeral Piles, as being fully perswaded that for so doing they shall enjoy Seven∣fold in the other World, whatsoever they have renounced here. As soon as any of their Women are Delivered, they set before the New-born Infant an Inkhorn with Pen and Paper, to inti∣mate that Buffiuna will write the Law of Permiseer in its under∣standing; and if it be a Boy, they add a Bow and Arrows, as a Presage of his being Fortunate in War. Mandeslo, Olearius.

	Samarchand, Maracanda, the capital City of the Zagatayan Tartars, the Birth-place and Royal Seat of Tamberlain, who called himself Flagellum Dei. It is a large City and of consi∣derable Commerce: Tamberlain built a strong Castle here, and instituted an University: It stands a hundred Miles North of the River Oxus, and within three hours and a half of Alexandria in Egypt, according to Ptolomy.

	Samaria, a City of Palestina, and Capital of the Kingdom of Israel. Omri King of Israel bought a Mountain in the Tribe of Ephraim of Shemer, and there built this City, which he called Samaria from the name of the first Possessor, 1 Kings 16. about A. M. 3112. Benhadad King of Syria besieged it first, A. M. 3146. with a vast Army, and reduced it to great Extre∣mity, so that the Head of an Ass was sold for eighty Shekels of Silver, which is about 11 l. Sterling, but was then miraculously delivered according to the Prediction of Elisha the Prophet. A. M. 3314. Samaria was taken by Salmanassar after three Years Siege; this Prince took away the Israelites Captives, and instead of them sent a new Colony of diverse Nations into that City, who carrying their Idols with them, the whole Country was soon overspread with abominable Idolatry; whereupon God sent Lyons amongst them, which destroy'd so many of the Inhabitants, that they sent to Salmanassar, desiring they might no longer live there; upon their instance he sent them one of the Priests of the true God, to instruct them in the Ceremonies of his Worship, and thereby to remove the Judgment that was upon the Country. But these new Inhabitants, notwithstand∣ing this, still retaining their Superstitions, patch'd up a Religion of both these. Joannes Hyrcanus, A. M. 3941. took this City and wholly ruined it, which was afterwards repaired by Herod the Great in 4033. and called Sebaste in Honour of Augustus, but is now called Naplouse according to some Authors: San∣ballat was Governour of the Country of Samaria for Darius King of Persia, but proved Treacherous to him, and took part with Alexander the Great, who in recompense of his Treason, gave him Permission to build a Temple upon Mount Gerizim, like to that at Jerusalem, whereupon Sanballat made his Son-in-Law Manasses High Priest thereof, who was the Brother of Jaddus. All the Priests who had espoused strange Wives, as well as he, to avoid the Punishment due to their Fault, joyn'd themselves to him, and Samaria ever after was the Refuge of those who could not endure the severe Discipline of the Law. And this was a main cause of the Schism the Samaritans made from their Brethren the Jews; for neither did they Sacrifice at Jerusalem, neither had they any Communication with the Jews in Matters of Religion. They denied the Resurrection of the Dead, and of all the Canonical Scripture received only the five Books of Moses. After this, in the Reign of the Emperor Zeno, they began to torment the Christians, spoil'd their Churches, and to Massacre their Bishops and Priests; but the Emperor having chastised their Insolence, put the Christians in Possession of their Temple But some time after, in the Reign of Anasta∣sius, they surprised Mount Gerizim, and kill'd all the Christians they found there: Procopius revenged this Affront, by defeating and killing the Undertakers. In the time of Justinian the Em∣peror their Insolence came to that heighth, as to set up a King called Julian, under whose Conduct they ravaged all the Country about Samaria, burning the Churches, plundering the Holy Vessels and Ornaments, massacring the Priests, and broiling their Flesh with the Relicks of Martyrs they found in the Holy places. Justinian being informed hereof, sent an Army which defeated these Rebels, and Julian their King was

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	taken and Burnt. After this Justinian published very severe Laws against them, which he renewed from time to time to keep them to their Duty. At last in 551, finding themselves unable to make Head against the Christians, they resolved to make shew of a feigned Conversion, and making their Intent known to Sergius Bishop of Cesarea, he applied himself to the Emperor on their behalf, who vouchsafed them the Liberty of bequeathing by Testament and receiving Donations as his other Subjects. This City was very stately, as appears by the marble Pillars found in its Ruins, but has now but a few Colleges inhabited by Grecian Monks. The Temple of Samaria was in being in our Saviours time, as appears by St. John iv. 20. and in the 35th of Christ, Philip the Evangelist preached the Gospel in this City, and amongst other Converts had Simon the Heretick and Founder of the Sect of Gnosticks. An. 42. Herod Agrippa obtained this City from Caligula, and siding with the Romans against the Jews under Vespasian, they avoided the publick Calamity of the Nation; but Anno 135, taking other Measures, they were together with the rest of the Jews extir∣pated by the Emperor Adrian, and the City has ever since been Ruinous; yet there are some Remains of the Samaritans in Palestine and Grand Cairo, where they have their Synagogues and ancient Sacrifices; their High Priest resides at Sichem, now Naplouse, and pretends to be descended from Aaron. The Pro∣vince of Samaria was bounded with the Mediterranean on the West, on the North by Galilee, on the East by Jordan, and on the South by Judea. It was very Fruitful in Corn and Pasture, and consequently Populous, but now Poor and Desolate.

	Samaritans. There are to this day some Remainders of the ancient Sect of Samaritans, who are Zealous for the Law of Moses, and yet are look'd upon by the Jews as Hereticks, be∣cause they receive only the Pentateuch, and observe different Ceremonies from theirs. There are of these at Gaza, Damascus, Grand Cairo; and in some other places of the East, but espe∣cially at Sichem now called Naplouse, which is risen out of the Ruins of the ancient Samaria, where they sacrificed not many Years ago, having a place for that purpose on Mount Gerizim. Joseph Scaliger, who knew this, wrote a Letter to the Samaritans of Egypt, and to their High Priest, who had his Residence at Naplouse, in which he proposed several Difficulties, to which they answered, though their answer never came to Scaliger's hands, but came since to the hands of Genebrardus and after∣wards of Peyrese, who gave it to Fa. Morinus, who translated it into Latin, as may be seen in Morinus his Letters printed here at London under the Title of Bibliotheca Orientalis. And Father Simon had, before this, in the Supplement of his first Edition concerning the Ceremonies and Customs of the Jews, published the Substance of the two Letters sent to Scaliger, by the two Samaritan Synagogues of Naplouse and Egypt. R. Benjamin who makes mention of these Samaritans in his Travels, amongst other things observes that they have Priests that pretend to be of the House of Aaron, who never Marry but in the same Line, for fear of Confounding the Priestly Race, and that they Sacri∣fice on Mount Gerizim, upon an Altar made of the Stones which the Children of Israel, at Gods Command, took out of the River Jordan, and set up in Memory of their miraculous passage over it. He adds that these Samaritans are very scrupulous of defiling themselves by touching any dead Body, that they change their Cloaths when they go to the Synagogue, and wash themselves before they put them on. He saith that they are of the Tribe of Ephraim, and that they have the Sepulchre of Joseph amongst them, besides the Sepulchres of many of their Prophets, and amongst the rest those of Eleazar and Itha∣mar Sons of Aaron, and of Phineas his Grandchild. They pre∣serve also amongst them an Inscription, which they suppose to have been writ by Phineas himself, the fifteenth Year after the Israelites entrance into the Land of Promise. Some of our English, not many Years ago, sent Letters to these Samaritans, who answered them much to the same purpose as they did Scaliger, the Inscription of their Letter runs thus, To their Dear Brethren in England (by which it seems they supposed them to be of their own Sect) they declare that they have no longer any High Priest, and that they are not tainted with those Errors the Jews charge them with, and particularly that they are no Sadducees. Pietro della Valle, a Roman Noble-man, had some Converse with these Samaritans in his Eastern Jour∣nies, and bought of them the Hebrew Samaritan Copy of the Pentateuch, which M. de Sancy, then French Ambassador at the Port, brought along with him from Constantinople, and now it is kept in the Library of the Fathers of the Oratory of Paris. From this Manuscipt was printed the Samaritan Penta∣teuch which is in the great Bible of M. le Jay, and has since been reprinted in our English Polyglot. The Characters of this Manuscript are much more Fair and Majestick, than those of the Printed. The Samaritans boast of their having a Copy of the Law writ by Phineas himself: However this much is cer∣tain, that those of Naplouse have a very ancient Copy of the Books of Moses, and it were to be wished that we had an exact Copy of some Lines of it at least, to know the Characters in which it is writ. One of the High Priests of the Samaritans in 1590, called Eleazar, writ a Book in which he reckons up 122 High Priests from Aaron to himself, maintaining that the Jews have no Priests of the Race of Aaron; and saith, that the Samaritan Character is the same God himself made use of in writing the Law he gave to Moses. F. Simon. Jovet. Histoir. des Religions.

	<nowiki>*</nowiki> Sambach, or Sanbich in Cheshire, a Town of no great Extent, nor is its Market very considerable; it is graced with a fair Church, and two square Crosses of Stone which have Steps up to them, they stand in the Market-place. The Town lyes 125 Miles from London; noted for its Ale, ordinarily sold at London for 12 d. a Quart		<nowiki>*</nowiki> Sambach, or Sanbich in Cheshire, a Town of no great Extent, nor is its Market very considerable; it is graced with a fair Church, and two square Crosses of Stone which have Steps up to them, they stand in the Market-place. The Town lyes 125 Miles from London; noted for its Ale, ordinarily sold at London for 12 d. a Quart

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← Older revision		Revision as of 04:52, 13 November 2025
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	Scipio (Pub.) sirnamed Nasica, was the Grand-child of Sci∣pio Nasica, and the Son of him who was Consul; and being after∣wards Censor, built a Gallery or walking place under-prop'd with Pillars about the Capitol. He lived a private Man all his life-time, and was one of those that opposed Tiberius Gracchus, who was the Author of the Lex Agraria. Paterc.		Scipio (Pub.) sirnamed Nasica, was the Grand-child of Sci∣pio Nasica, and the Son of him who was Consul; and being after∣wards Censor, built a Gallery or walking place under-prop'd with Pillars about the Capitol. He lived a private Man all his life-time, and was one of those that opposed Tiberius Gracchus, who was the Author of the Lex Agraria. Paterc.

	Sclavonia, a Country of Europe, under which Name the An∣cients comprehended Hungary, Sclavonia Propria, Croatia, Dal∣matia, Bosnia, Servia, and Bulgaria, reaching from the River Drave to the Gulf of Venice. But by Sclavonia at present is only meant that part of the ancient Pannonia bounded by the Save and Drave: From Copranitz in the West to the Mouth of the Drave in the East, it is 50 German Miles in length, and 12 in breadth. It is said to have had its Name from the Slavi, an ancient Peo∣ple who came from Scythia in the time of the Emperor Justi∣nian; and having seiz'd Istria and all Grecia, founded the King∣doms of Poland under Lechus, and Moravia under Zechus. An. 550. they were beat out of Greece by Constantine; An. 783. they were kept under by Lewis the Pious; An. 807 they embraced Christi∣anity by the Preaching of one Methodius. The Emperor Lewis II. had War with them about 858, as also the Emperor Otho in 960. They infested Canute and Sueno Kings of the Danes in 960, but Walduner overcame them in 1161. An. 1200 Canute the Dane overcame the Marquess of Brandenburgh, who had possest himself of Sclavonia; and after this the Sclavonians became Tributaries to the Hungarians. They were most of them of the Roman Church, but performed their Worship in their own Language, which was formerly very extensive, and spoke in more Places than any other living Tongue in Europe, but now almost confined to their own Country; and is yet, though in different Dialects, spoken from the Adriatick Gulf to the Northern O•ean, by the Istrians, Dalmatians, Bosnians, Moravians, Bohemians, Lusatians, Silesians; Poles, Lithuanians, Prussians, Scandinavians and Russians, almost as far as Constantinople, and much used among the Turks. In 1544 that Country was subdued by Solyman the Magnificent: In 1687, after the Turks were defeated at Mohatz their Army mutiny'd against the Grand Visier, and the Turks deserting it, the whole Country, except Gradisca, submitted to the Emperor. The Country is very fruitful, and hath many Mines; the People are so enamour'd with War, that they often pray they may die with their Swords in their hands. The principal Towns are Gran∣disca, Esseck, and Possega the Capital. Hoff. Baud.

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Admin: Created page with "〈1+ pages missing〉 Sahatarians, was given to some Anabaptists, who observed the Saturday like the Jews. Sabazia, the Name of a Pagan Feast, instituted in Honor of Dio∣nysius Son of Caprius King of Asia. Cicero lib. 3. De Natur. Deorum. Sabasius, was also an Epithet of Jupiter, and seems to be the same with Aegiochus, because as this comes from a Greek word which signifies a She goat, so the former is derived from a Phoenician word Isebaoth, which signifies Kids...."

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Created page with "〈1+ pages missing〉 Sahatarians, was given to some Anabaptists, who observed the Saturday like the Jews. Sabazia, the Name of a Pagan Feast, instituted in Honor of Dio∣nysius Son of Caprius King of Asia. Cicero lib. 3. De Natur. Deorum. Sabasius, was also an Epithet of Jupiter, and seems to be the same with Aegiochus, because as this comes from a Greek word which signifies a She goat, so the former is derived from a Phoenician word Isebaoth, which signifies Kids...."

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