Source:MoreriS - Revision history

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	Serenus Sammonicus, a Physician who lived in the time of the Emperor Severus and Caracalla his Son, he writ several pieces of History, and of Natural things, of which we have no more at present, but a Poem of the Art of Healing and Remedies. He gathered a Library of Threescore and two thousand Volumes. Caracalla put him to Death at a Feast. He left a Son, called Q. Serenus Sammonicus, who was the Inheritor of his Library, whom some Authors have confounded with his Father. He was Preceptor to the Emperor Gordianus, to whom he left his Books, and was well esteemed by the Learned Men of his time. Spartian. in Get. & Caracal. Jul. Capitol. in Gord. Macrob. lib. 2. Saturn. c. 12. Voss. de Hist. lat. lib. 2. cap. 2.		Serenus Sammonicus, a Physician who lived in the time of the Emperor Severus and Caracalla his Son, he writ several pieces of History, and of Natural things, of which we have no more at present, but a Poem of the Art of Healing and Remedies. He gathered a Library of Threescore and two thousand Volumes. Caracalla put him to Death at a Feast. He left a Son, called Q. Serenus Sammonicus, who was the Inheritor of his Library, whom some Authors have confounded with his Father. He was Preceptor to the Emperor Gordianus, to whom he left his Books, and was well esteemed by the Learned Men of his time. Spartian. in Get. & Caracal. Jul. Capitol. in Gord. Macrob. lib. 2. Saturn. c. 12. Voss. de Hist. lat. lib. 2. cap. 2.

	Seres, the Inhabitants of a large Country in Asia, between Mount Imaus and China; some comprise it within the Bounds of the Ancient Scythia, others distinguish it therefrom. Its chief Cities of old were Issedon, Serica, Asmira, Damna, Ottorocora, Piada and Thagura. This Country is now contain'd in the farther part of the Great Tartarr, where are the Kingdoms of Tangut and Niuche, which is also called Tenduc and Charchir. Some also joyn Cathay to this Country, and take Issedon Serica to be the Modern Suchur, and Thagura to be Campion or Tangut. These People are Famous for their Manufactures of Silk. Strab. lib. 15. Cluver. lib. 5. Introd. Geogr. Sanson Geogr.

	Serfíno or Serphino (in Latin Seriphus) an Isle of the Archipelago towards the Coast of Europe, full of Rocks, and about thirty Miles in compass, between the Isles of Thermia or Fermenia, and Sifano. The Poets tell us that Perseus was educated here, and that having on a time shewed the Frightful Head of Medusa to the Inhabitants, he changed them into Stones. They report also that Frogs do not croak in this Island, whence came the Proverb of Rana Seriphia, to denote a Man that cannot express himself. Formerly Criminals were Banish'd to this place. Plin. lib. 8. c. 58. Juven. Sat. 10.		Serfíno or Serphino (in Latin Seriphus) an Isle of the Archipelago towards the Coast of Europe, full of Rocks, and about thirty Miles in compass, between the Isles of Thermia or Fermenia, and Sifano. The Poets tell us that Perseus was educated here, and that having on a time shewed the Frightful Head of Medusa to the Inhabitants, he changed them into Stones. They report also that Frogs do not croak in this Island, whence came the Proverb of Rana Seriphia, to denote a Man that cannot express himself. Formerly Criminals were Banish'd to this place. Plin. lib. 8. c. 58. Juven. Sat. 10.
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	Sergius II. Patriarch of Constantinople, the Successor of Sisinnius in 998; He was of Photius the Emperors Family, had a mighty respect for his Name, and was a great Enemy to the Ch. of Rome. We have an Epistle of his against the Western Christians. Having gained a great number of Bishops to his Party, he called a Synod at Constantinople, accused the Church of Rome of all those things wherewith Photius reproached it, renewed the Schism openly, and struck the Pope's Name out of his Dypticks, i. e. the Books in which the Names of those were inserted that they pray'd for at solemn Worship. He governed twenty Years. Cardinal Baronius and Sponde are mistaken in placing John betwixt him and Sisinnius the Patriarch. He died in 1019. Curopalates, Maimbourg Hist. du Schisme des Grecs.		Sergius II. Patriarch of Constantinople, the Successor of Sisinnius in 998; He was of Photius the Emperors Family, had a mighty respect for his Name, and was a great Enemy to the Ch. of Rome. We have an Epistle of his against the Western Christians. Having gained a great number of Bishops to his Party, he called a Synod at Constantinople, accused the Church of Rome of all those things wherewith Photius reproached it, renewed the Schism openly, and struck the Pope's Name out of his Dypticks, i. e. the Books in which the Names of those were inserted that they pray'd for at solemn Worship. He governed twenty Years. Cardinal Baronius and Sponde are mistaken in placing John betwixt him and Sisinnius the Patriarch. He died in 1019. Curopalates, Maimbourg Hist. du Schisme des Grecs.

	<nowiki>*</nowiki> Serita, a very large Country of Asia, having Scythia beyond, Imaus on the West, China on the South, the Eastern Ocean on the East, and the Scythian Ocean on the North. It formerly contained the Kingdom of Asmirea, the People called Damnae, Issedones, Ottorocorae, Piadae and Thaguri, so called from the names of their principal Towns. Now it makes part of the Eastern Great Tartary, and the Kingdoms of Tangut, Niuche, and Naiman. The ancient Inhabitants of this Country were called Seres, and fam'd for Manufactures of Silk. Hoffman.

	Serini (Nicholas Count of) died in his valiant defence of the Citadel of Ziget, a City of the Lower Hungary, besieged by the Army of Solyman Emperor of the Turks, which was taken the very same day, being the 7th of September 1566. He was forty nine Years of Age.		Serini (Nicholas Count of) died in his valiant defence of the Citadel of Ziget, a City of the Lower Hungary, besieged by the Army of Solyman Emperor of the Turks, which was taken the very same day, being the 7th of September 1566. He was forty nine Years of Age.

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	Schwartzenburgh, an Earldom of Germany, in Thuringia. There is also a City and Bailywick in Switzerland of the same Name, which belongs to the Cantons of Bern and Friburgh.		Schwartzenburgh, an Earldom of Germany, in Thuringia. There is also a City and Bailywick in Switzerland of the same Name, which belongs to the Cantons of Bern and Friburgh.

	Schwemfurt, Lat. Schvinfurtum, an Imperial and Free City of Ge•ma• in Franconia, upon the Mayn, within the Dominions of the Bishoprick of Wurtzburgh, almost 7 German Miles from Bambe•g to the West, and 5 from Wurtzburgh to the South East. It was taken by the Swedes in the German War. This City, in the Year 1553, was seized by Albert the turbulent Marquess of ••andenburgh, who destroyed all its Suburbs to preserve it from the confederate Forces that endeavoured to recover it out of his hands: They came before it in Dec. that same Year, but were •hen forced to leave it; in the Spring 1554 they came before •t again, but could not presently take it. But Albert coming up to relieve it, and finding it could not long hold out, he plun¦dered and deserted it. The Soldiers from the Camp entred it in in the Morning, and plundered it the second time, and to get them out, the General was forc•d to set fire to the City in several places. See Sleid••'s History lib. 25.

	Schwerin, the capital Town of Mechlenburgh in Lower Sax•ny, stands upon a l•ke 18 Miles from Hamburgh to the East, and 5 from the Baltick Sea to the South, and is the usual Residence of one of the Dukes of Mechlenburgh.		Schwerin, the capital Town of Mechlenburgh in Lower Sax•ny, stands upon a l•ke 18 Miles from Hamburgh to the East, and 5 from the Baltick Sea to the South, and is the usual Residence of one of the Dukes of Mechlenburgh.
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	Adoption, and Annaeus Mela, Father of the Poet Lucan. Seneca wholly addicted himself to the Study of Philosophy: Novatus, besides his Learning, was raised to several publick Employments in the City of Rome, and Mela contented himself with enjoying of his Fathers Estate. But Seneca besides that, he was instructed by his Father in Eloquence, had several other Masters to teach him the Art of Rhetorick and Oratory, viz. Hyginus, Cestius and Asinius Gallus, and learn'd Philosophy of Socion of Alexandria and Photinus, who were both of them Stoicks. From the beginning of Caligula's Reign, he gave several Instances of his Learning and Eloquence in Pleadings at the Bar. But seeing that Caligula affected the Glory of being the most Eloquent Person in the World, he did no more Plead in publick, for fear of awakning the Jealousie of that Ambitious and Furious Prince. Some time after being suspected of having been too Familiar with the Widow of his Benefactor Domitius, he was Banish'd to the Isle of Corsica, where he abode almost two Years, and there writ his Books of Consolation, which he address'd to his Mother and to Polybius, besides some other Pieces. But Agrippina having married the Emperor Claudius, recalled Seneca from his Exile, and recommended to him the Conduct and Instruction of her Son Nero, whom she design'd for the Empire. This Prince at first following the Advice and Instruction of his Master, was highly esteemed by all; and the first five Years of his Empire might serve for a Pattern to the best of Princes. But after that Poppaea and Figellinus had got the command of his Spirit, he lasht out into those abominable Crimes, that have made him the Shame and Reproach of Mankind. The Virtue of his Master Seneca was a continual Rebuke to his Vices, which made him desire to be rid of him, and accordingly made use of one of his Free-men called Cleonice to Poison him, but without Success, either because he repented of his Undertaking, or by Seneca's Distrust, who altogether lived upon Fruits, and drank nothing but Water. Some time after Nero being informed that his Master was Conscious to Piso's Conspiracy against his Person, was very glad to have this occasion fairly to be rid of him. He left the Choice of what kind of Death he would die to himself; and being then in the midst of his Friends, caused himself to be let Blood; and as they were Weeping round about him, he by his Grave Discourse endeavoured to stop their Tears, sometimes sweetly Conjuring, and at other times sharply Rebuking them. His Wife Paulina caused her self to be let Blood at the same time, as designing to die with her Husband. Seneca at last tired with the tedious lingring of Death, desired Statius Annaeus his Physician, to give him a Dose of Poyson, which he had of a long time kept for him, to use upon occasion; but his Blood being gone, and his Limbs cold, the Poyson could not have its usual Effect, and he was therefore forced to Stifle him with the Vapors of an hot Bath. He died in the 65th of Christ, and in the Twelfth of Nero's Reign. Seneca had born the Offices of Praetor and Questor; and some say of Consul too. Some Criticks take him to have been the Author of the Tragedies publish'd under his name, excepting that of Octavia, Hercules Furens and Thebais. There are some that take Seneca to have been a Christian, and that he had Converse with St. Paul by Letters; it seems not altogether improbable, but that he might have had the Curiosity to inform himself about the Christian Doctrin which appeared so Strange and Extraordinary; but as for the Letters publish'd under their Names, they are unworthy of either of them. To know whether Seneca were a Christian or no, we need only observe what Tacitus relates speaking of his Death: As he entred the Bath, saith he, he took of the Water and sprinkled his Friends that stood about him with it, saying, That he offered these Libations to Jupiter his Reedeemer. Tacit. lib. 12. 14 & 15. in Annal. Sucton. in Neron. Aul. Gellius Just. Lipsius in vit. Seneca, Delrio in Comment.		Adoption, and Annaeus Mela, Father of the Poet Lucan. Seneca wholly addicted himself to the Study of Philosophy: Novatus, besides his Learning, was raised to several publick Employments in the City of Rome, and Mela contented himself with enjoying of his Fathers Estate. But Seneca besides that, he was instructed by his Father in Eloquence, had several other Masters to teach him the Art of Rhetorick and Oratory, viz. Hyginus, Cestius and Asinius Gallus, and learn'd Philosophy of Socion of Alexandria and Photinus, who were both of them Stoicks. From the beginning of Caligula's Reign, he gave several Instances of his Learning and Eloquence in Pleadings at the Bar. But seeing that Caligula affected the Glory of being the most Eloquent Person in the World, he did no more Plead in publick, for fear of awakning the Jealousie of that Ambitious and Furious Prince. Some time after being suspected of having been too Familiar with the Widow of his Benefactor Domitius, he was Banish'd to the Isle of Corsica, where he abode almost two Years, and there writ his Books of Consolation, which he address'd to his Mother and to Polybius, besides some other Pieces. But Agrippina having married the Emperor Claudius, recalled Seneca from his Exile, and recommended to him the Conduct and Instruction of her Son Nero, whom she design'd for the Empire. This Prince at first following the Advice and Instruction of his Master, was highly esteemed by all; and the first five Years of his Empire might serve for a Pattern to the best of Princes. But after that Poppaea and Figellinus had got the command of his Spirit, he lasht out into those abominable Crimes, that have made him the Shame and Reproach of Mankind. The Virtue of his Master Seneca was a continual Rebuke to his Vices, which made him desire to be rid of him, and accordingly made use of one of his Free-men called Cleonice to Poison him, but without Success, either because he repented of his Undertaking, or by Seneca's Distrust, who altogether lived upon Fruits, and drank nothing but Water. Some time after Nero being informed that his Master was Conscious to Piso's Conspiracy against his Person, was very glad to have this occasion fairly to be rid of him. He left the Choice of what kind of Death he would die to himself; and being then in the midst of his Friends, caused himself to be let Blood; and as they were Weeping round about him, he by his Grave Discourse endeavoured to stop their Tears, sometimes sweetly Conjuring, and at other times sharply Rebuking them. His Wife Paulina caused her self to be let Blood at the same time, as designing to die with her Husband. Seneca at last tired with the tedious lingring of Death, desired Statius Annaeus his Physician, to give him a Dose of Poyson, which he had of a long time kept for him, to use upon occasion; but his Blood being gone, and his Limbs cold, the Poyson could not have its usual Effect, and he was therefore forced to Stifle him with the Vapors of an hot Bath. He died in the 65th of Christ, and in the Twelfth of Nero's Reign. Seneca had born the Offices of Praetor and Questor; and some say of Consul too. Some Criticks take him to have been the Author of the Tragedies publish'd under his name, excepting that of Octavia, Hercules Furens and Thebais. There are some that take Seneca to have been a Christian, and that he had Converse with St. Paul by Letters; it seems not altogether improbable, but that he might have had the Curiosity to inform himself about the Christian Doctrin which appeared so Strange and Extraordinary; but as for the Letters publish'd under their Names, they are unworthy of either of them. To know whether Seneca were a Christian or no, we need only observe what Tacitus relates speaking of his Death: As he entred the Bath, saith he, he took of the Water and sprinkled his Friends that stood about him with it, saying, That he offered these Libations to Jupiter his Reedeemer. Tacit. lib. 12. 14 & 15. in Annal. Sucton. in Neron. Aul. Gellius Just. Lipsius in vit. Seneca, Delrio in Comment.

			<nowiki>*</nowiki>
	<nowiki>*</nowiki> Senega, a great River of Africa, has its Source in Aethiopia not far from the Nile. The Western Ocean runs up it sixty Leagues; it is pestered with Banks of Sand and Gravel, so that it cannot be sailed on about 150 Leagues from its Mouth; it has a Cataract or great Fall from the Rocks, so that a Man may walk dry under the Stream of it. On the South of this River the People are Black, and the Soil very Fruitful; on the North they are Brown and the Earth is Barren. From the fifteenth of June this and the Gamba overflow for forty days, as the Nile doth, and are the same time in decreasing, which makes the Land between them wonderfully Fruitful, even like to Egypt, yet it will not ripen Wheat, Rye or Barly, or Grapes, but wants not Pulse or Millet, and Guiny Wheat a wonderful Grain: Between the latter end of October and July, it Rains here every day at Noon, with frequent Thunder and Lightning. This River is the most Northern Bounds of the Negroes. Pory makes it the same with the Niger. Hackl. T. 2. part 2. p. 17.

	Seneschai, Sen•scalcus or Senescallus, the Name of an ancient Officer of the French Crown, that had the Care of the King's Houshold, and regulated the Expences thereof both in time of War and Peace: He had also the chief Command of the King's Forces, and carried the Royal Standard. Under King Philip I. it was accounted the Highest Place of Trust belonging to the French Crown, and seems to be much the same as our Lord High Steward.		Seneschai, Sen•scalcus or Senescallus, the Name of an ancient Officer of the French Crown, that had the Care of the King's Houshold, and regulated the Expences thereof both in time of War and Peace: He had also the chief Command of the King's Forces, and carried the Royal Standard. Under King Philip I. it was accounted the Highest Place of Trust belonging to the French Crown, and seems to be much the same as our Lord High Steward.
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	Sennesertaeus, an Egyptian King, who is taken to be the third King of the 26th Dynasty, whom Manethon calls Psammus, and Ctesias, Amy•tes. Most Authors fix his Reign about the beginning of the Olympiads, or the Foundation of Rome. It was he who caused a Magnificent Obelisk to be made 125 Foot high, adorned with Hieroglyphicks, and placed it in the City Heliopolis, whence Augustus got it transported to Rome, where it was exposed in the Great Cirque. Pope Sixtus V. got it dug up out of the Earth, where it had been hid during the Invasion of the Goths, and placed it in the Forum Flaminium in 1589. Kircher Oedip Aegyptiacus.		Sennesertaeus, an Egyptian King, who is taken to be the third King of the 26th Dynasty, whom Manethon calls Psammus, and Ctesias, Amy•tes. Most Authors fix his Reign about the beginning of the Olympiads, or the Foundation of Rome. It was he who caused a Magnificent Obelisk to be made 125 Foot high, adorned with Hieroglyphicks, and placed it in the City Heliopolis, whence Augustus got it transported to Rome, where it was exposed in the Great Cirque. Pope Sixtus V. got it dug up out of the Earth, where it had been hid during the Invasion of the Goths, and placed it in the Forum Flaminium in 1589. Kircher Oedip Aegyptiacus.

	Sens, Agendicum Senonae, Senones, a great and beautiful City of France, upon the Confluent of the Venne and Yonne, and is an Archbishops See. It was formerly compriz'd in the Government of Burgundy, but at present belongs to Champagne. It is one of the most ancient Cities of all France, and by some thought more Ancient than Rome, and is the Capital of a small Territory called le Senonois. This is a large and fair City, water'd by several small Rivers, and adorn'd with a fine Metropolis dedicated to St. Stephen; the Front of this magnificent Building is embellish'd with divers Figures, and two great Towers; nor are its Quire, Chappels, Tombs or Altars less considerable; the chief consists of a Table of Gold enrich'd with precious Stones, and the Figures of the four Evangelists, with St. Stephen kneeling in the middle, done in has relief. The Diocess of Sens has 900 Parishes, besides 25 Abbeys, whereof		Sens, Agendicum Senonae, Senones, a great and beautiful City of France, upon the Confluent of the Venne and Yonne, and is an Archbishops See. It was formerly compriz'd in the Government of Burgundy, but at present belongs to Champagne. It is one of the most ancient Cities of all France, and by some thought more Ancient than Rome, and is the Capital of a small Territory called le Senonois. This is a large and fair City, water'd by several small Rivers, and adorn'd with a fine Metropolis dedicated to St. Stephen; the Front of this magnificent Building is embellish'd with divers Figures, and two great Towers; nor are its Quire, Chappels, Tombs or Altars less considerable; the chief consists of a Table of Gold enrich'd with precious Stones, and the Figures of the four Evangelists, with St. Stephen kneeling in the middle, done in has relief. The Diocess of Sens has 900 Parishes, besides 25 Abbeys, whereof there are six in the Town, with a great number of Religious Houses. In 1140, Learned Peter Abailard was condemned here in a Council, from which he appeal'd to the Pope. Another was held in 1198, to oblige King Philip Augustus to retake his Wife Ingeburga, and to leave Agnes de Meiranie. There were several other Councils of lesser Note. The Galli Senones were Famous before the Birth of Christ, extending their Conquest as far as Italy and Greece. They took Rome under the Conduct of their Captain Brennus, and it is thought that they built Sienna Senigaglia, and some other Cities, which still bear their name, and were Famous till Cesar's time. Under the second Race of the Kings of France, this Country enjoy'd its own Earls, till King Robert who took this City in 1005. The Archbishops of Sens have the Titles of Primates of the Gauls and Germany, but do not enjoy the Advantages thereto belonging, for Lions was since made the Metropolis, and Primates See of France. Formerly the Archbishop of Sens had under him the Bishops of Paris, Chartres, Meaux, Orleans, Troies, Auxerre and Nevers, but since the Church of Paris was made a Metropolitan See, the three last are only under it. Cesar, Ptolomy, Florus, Du Chesne, Sancte Marthe.

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	there are six in the Town, with a great number of Religious Houses. In 1140, Learned Peter Abailard was condemned here in a Council, from which he appeal'd to the Pope. Another was held in 1198, to oblige King Philip Augustus to retake his Wife Ingeburga, and to leave Agnes de Meiranie. There were several other Councils of lesser Note. The Galli Senones were Famous before the Birth of Christ, extending their Conquest as far as Italy and Greece. They took Rome under the Conduct of their Captain Brennus, and it is thought that they built Sienna Senigaglia, and some other Cities, which still bear their name, and were Famous till Cesar's time. Under the second Race of the Kings of France, this Country enjoy'd its own Earls, till King Robert who took this City in 1005. The Archbishops of Sens have the Titles of Primates of the Gauls and Germany, but do not enjoy the Advantages thereto belonging, for Lions was since made the Metropolis, and Primates See of France. Formerly the Archbishop of Sens had under him the Bishops of Paris, Chartres, Meaux, Orleans, Troies, Auxerre and Nevers, but since the Church of Paris was made a Metropolitan See, the three last are only under it. Cesar, Ptolomy, Florus, Du Chesne, Sancte Marthe.

	Sentinus, the name of a Heathen God, so called because he was believed by them to be Giver of the Faculty of Feeling to Children in their Mothers Womb. Aug. de Civit. Dei lib. 7.		Sentinus, the name of a Heathen God, so called because he was believed by them to be Giver of the Faculty of Feeling to Children in their Mothers Womb. Aug. de Civit. Dei lib. 7.
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	<nowiki>*</nowiki> Smith, Lord Carington. This Family derive their Original from Sir Michael Carington St. ••ard-bearer to King Richard I. in the Holy Land, from whom descended John Carington, who in the Beginning of Henry the Fourth's Reign adhering to the depos'd King, was forced to quit the Country, and change his Name to Smith, from whom descended John Smith Esq; made second Baron of the Exchequer by King Henry VIII. Sir Charles Smith, lineally descended from this Family, was for his Service to King Charles I. created Lord Carington of Wotton Octob. 21st, the 19th of that King's Reign; and on the 4th of November following made Viscount Carington of Ballefore in the Kingdom of Ireland. This Lord travelling into France, was murder'd at Pontoise by one of his own Serva•t• for lucre of his Mony and Jewels Feb. 21. 1664. He was succeeded by his Son Francis. Dugdale.		<nowiki>*</nowiki> Smith, Lord Carington. This Family derive their Original from Sir Michael Carington St. ••ard-bearer to King Richard I. in the Holy Land, from whom descended John Carington, who in the Beginning of Henry the Fourth's Reign adhering to the depos'd King, was forced to quit the Country, and change his Name to Smith, from whom descended John Smith Esq; made second Baron of the Exchequer by King Henry VIII. Sir Charles Smith, lineally descended from this Family, was for his Service to King Charles I. created Lord Carington of Wotton Octob. 21st, the 19th of that King's Reign; and on the 4th of November following made Viscount Carington of Ballefore in the Kingdom of Ireland. This Lord travelling into France, was murder'd at Pontoise by one of his own Serva•t• for lucre of his Mony and Jewels Feb. 21. 1664. He was succeeded by his Son Francis. Dugdale.

	Smolensko, Smolenscium, a City of Lithuania upon the River Borysthenes or Nieper, being the Capital of a great Province of the same Name, with the Title of a Dukedom, near the Borders of Muscovy. It is a great and strong City, being surrounded with a Wall eight Cubits broad at the top, and strengthened by fifty two great Towers. and a very strong Castle. It was formerly much greater than it is at present, though it contains still about 8000 Houses. The City and Dukedom of Smolensko at first belong'd to a Russian Duke, bu• was Conquered by Vitondus Duke of Lithuania in 1403. Casimire King of Poland subjected it to that Crown in 1452; the •oscovites took it in 1514, and kept it till 1611, when Sigismund III. took it from them after a Siege of near two Years. The Moscovites •fter this attempted it again in 1616 and 1633, and this last time, after a Years Siege, were defeated by Ladislaus IV. But it was taken by them the 13th of October 1654, and by a Treaty in 1656 was yielded to them. It lies 150 Polish Miles from Vilna to the East, and the same distance from Kiovia to the North, and 80 Miles West of Muscow.

	Smyrna, a City of Ionia in the Lesser Asia, with a large and secure Haven upon the Archipelago, belonging to the Turks, who call it Ismyr. It is a Place of great Antiquity: some affirm that it was built by the Amazones, others by Theseus; that which seems most probable is, that it was a Colony of the Ephesians. The Country about it is so fruitful, that it needs not seem strange, that it hath been so often the occasion of War between the Greeks and Persians. It is one of the seven Cities that pretend to have been the Birth-place of Homer, and is an Archbishops See. At present it is built in the form of an Amphitheatre, upon the Descent of a Hill that looks towards the North-West, and is very great, notwithstanding some part of it hath been ruin'd, as appears from the Remains of ancient Buildings. Dolabella slew Trebonius one of Julius Caesar's Murderers here. The Venetians made themselves Masters of it in 1344, and kept it until 1428, that it was retaken by Amurath II. It's now extreamly populous, being inhabited by about sixty thousand Turks, fifteen thousand Greeks, eight thousand Armenians, and six or seven thousand Jews. As for the Christians of Europe, who are the cause of the great Trade there, their number is not very considerable; they have all of them the free Exercise of their Religion. The Turks, Greeks, Armenians, and Jews, have their Habitations upon the Hill, but the bottom of the Hill, along the Sea Shore, is inhabited by the Franks, or Christians of Europe, viz. the English, Hollanders, French and Italians, and each Nation hath his Consul. The Franks Street is a single long Street upon the Sea Shore, for the conveniency of unlading Goods and Prospect. The adjacent part of the Country is very fruitful, especially in Oyl and Wine, and has Salt-pits to the North; so that there is great plenty of Provisions at Smyrna, and very chea•: but the Heat i• Summer is very great, and would be intolerable▪ but for a Brieze coming from the Sea, which riseth about Ten in •he Morning, and continues till Evening. The Cit• is g•verned by a Cadi, who commonly is civil enough to the Christians.		Smyrna, a City of Ionia in the Lesser Asia, with a large and secure Haven upon the Archipelago, belonging to the Turks, who call it Ismyr. It is a Place of great Antiquity: some affirm that it was built by the Amazones, others by Theseus; that which seems most probable is, that it was a Colony of the Ephesians. The Country about it is so fruitful, that it needs not seem strange, that it hath been so often the occasion of War between the Greeks and Persians. It is one of the seven Cities that pretend to have been the Birth-place of Homer, and is an Archbishops See. At present it is built in the form of an Amphitheatre, upon the Descent of a Hill that looks towards the North-West, and is very great, notwithstanding some part of it hath been ruin'd, as appears from the Remains of ancient Buildings. Dolabella slew Trebonius one of Julius Caesar's Murderers here. The Venetians made themselves Masters of it in 1344, and kept it until 1428, that it was retaken by Amurath II. It's now extreamly populous, being inhabited by about sixty thousand Turks, fifteen thousand Greeks, eight thousand Armenians, and six or seven thousand Jews. As for the Christians of Europe, who are the cause of the great Trade there, their number is not very considerable; they have all of them the free Exercise of their Religion. The Turks, Greeks, Armenians, and Jews, have their Habitations upon the Hill, but the bottom of the Hill, along the Sea Shore, is inhabited by the Franks, or Christians of Europe, viz. the English, Hollanders, French and Italians, and each Nation hath his Consul. The Franks Street is a single long Street upon the Sea Shore, for the conveniency of unlading Goods and Prospect. The adjacent part of the Country is very fruitful, especially in Oyl and Wine, and has Salt-pits to the North; so that there is great plenty of Provisions at Smyrna, and very chea•: but the Heat i• Summer is very great, and would be intolerable▪ but for a Brieze coming from the Sea, which riseth about Ten in •he Morning, and continues till Evening. The Cit• is g•verned by a Cadi, who commonly is civil enough to the Christians.

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	Samarath, the name of a Sect of Banjans in the East-Indies, they are a sort of Pythagoreans, and believe the Pre-existence and Transmigration of Souls. They say that God whom they call Permiseer, governs the World by three Lieutenants; the first of whom they call Brama, who sends the Souls into the Bodies they are design'd to by Permiseer: The second is Buffiuna, who teaches Men to live according to the Commands of God, which they have writ down in four Books; he also superintends the growth of Corn and all Vegetables: The third is called Mais, who has power over the Dead, and according to the Proportion of their good or evil Actions, sends them into a Body to do more or less Penance, and when their Penance hath had its full Effect, he presents the purified Souls to Permiseer, who receives them into the number of his Servants. The Wives of this Sect chear∣fully Sacrifice themselves upon their Husbands Funeral Piles, as being fully perswaded that for so doing they shall enjoy Seven∣fold in the other World, whatsoever they have renounced here. As soon as any of their Women are Delivered, they set before the New-born Infant an Inkhorn with Pen and Paper, to inti∣mate that Buffiuna will write the Law of Permiseer in its under∣standing; and if it be a Boy, they add a Bow and Arrows, as a Presage of his being Fortunate in War. Mandeslo, Olearius.		Samarath, the name of a Sect of Banjans in the East-Indies, they are a sort of Pythagoreans, and believe the Pre-existence and Transmigration of Souls. They say that God whom they call Permiseer, governs the World by three Lieutenants; the first of whom they call Brama, who sends the Souls into the Bodies they are design'd to by Permiseer: The second is Buffiuna, who teaches Men to live according to the Commands of God, which they have writ down in four Books; he also superintends the growth of Corn and all Vegetables: The third is called Mais, who has power over the Dead, and according to the Proportion of their good or evil Actions, sends them into a Body to do more or less Penance, and when their Penance hath had its full Effect, he presents the purified Souls to Permiseer, who receives them into the number of his Servants. The Wives of this Sect chear∣fully Sacrifice themselves upon their Husbands Funeral Piles, as being fully perswaded that for so doing they shall enjoy Seven∣fold in the other World, whatsoever they have renounced here. As soon as any of their Women are Delivered, they set before the New-born Infant an Inkhorn with Pen and Paper, to inti∣mate that Buffiuna will write the Law of Permiseer in its under∣standing; and if it be a Boy, they add a Bow and Arrows, as a Presage of his being Fortunate in War. Mandeslo, Olearius.

	Samarchand, Maracanda, the capital City of the Zagatayan Tartars, the Birth-place and Royal Seat of Tamberlain, who called himself Flagellum Dei. It is a large City and of consi∣derable Commerce: Tamberlain built a strong Castle here, and instituted an University: It stands a hundred Miles North of the River Oxus, and within three hours and a half of Alexandria in Egypt, according to Ptolomy.

	Samaria, a City of Palestina, and Capital of the Kingdom of Israel. Omri King of Israel bought a Mountain in the Tribe of Ephraim of Shemer, and there built this City, which he called Samaria from the name of the first Possessor, 1 Kings 16. about A. M. 3112. Benhadad King of Syria besieged it first, A. M. 3146. with a vast Army, and reduced it to great Extre∣mity, so that the Head of an Ass was sold for eighty Shekels of Silver, which is about 11 l. Sterling, but was then miraculously delivered according to the Prediction of Elisha the Prophet. A. M. 3314. Samaria was taken by Salmanassar after three Years Siege; this Prince took away the Israelites Captives, and instead of them sent a new Colony of diverse Nations into that City, who carrying their Idols with them, the whole Country was soon overspread with abominable Idolatry; whereupon God sent Lyons amongst them, which destroy'd so many of the Inhabitants, that they sent to Salmanassar, desiring they might no longer live there; upon their instance he sent them one of the Priests of the true God, to instruct them in the Ceremonies of his Worship, and thereby to remove the Judgment that was upon the Country. But these new Inhabitants, notwithstand∣ing this, still retaining their Superstitions, patch'd up a Religion of both these. Joannes Hyrcanus, A. M. 3941. took this City and wholly ruined it, which was afterwards repaired by Herod the Great in 4033. and called Sebaste in Honour of Augustus, but is now called Naplouse according to some Authors: San∣ballat was Governour of the Country of Samaria for Darius King of Persia, but proved Treacherous to him, and took part with Alexander the Great, who in recompense of his Treason, gave him Permission to build a Temple upon Mount Gerizim, like to that at Jerusalem, whereupon Sanballat made his Son-in-Law Manasses High Priest thereof, who was the Brother of Jaddus. All the Priests who had espoused strange Wives, as well as he, to avoid the Punishment due to their Fault, joyn'd themselves to him, and Samaria ever after was the Refuge of those who could not endure the severe Discipline of the Law. And this was a main cause of the Schism the Samaritans made from their Brethren the Jews; for neither did they Sacrifice at Jerusalem, neither had they any Communication with the Jews in Matters of Religion. They denied the Resurrection of the Dead, and of all the Canonical Scripture received only the five Books of Moses. After this, in the Reign of the Emperor Zeno, they began to torment the Christians, spoil'd their Churches, and to Massacre their Bishops and Priests; but the Emperor having chastised their Insolence, put the Christians in Possession of their Temple But some time after, in the Reign of Anasta∣sius, they surprised Mount Gerizim, and kill'd all the Christians they found there: Procopius revenged this Affront, by defeating and killing the Undertakers. In the time of Justinian the Em∣peror their Insolence came to that heighth, as to set up a King called Julian, under whose Conduct they ravaged all the Country about Samaria, burning the Churches, plundering the Holy Vessels and Ornaments, massacring the Priests, and broiling their Flesh with the Relicks of Martyrs they found in the Holy places. Justinian being informed hereof, sent an Army which defeated these Rebels, and Julian their King was

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	taken and Burnt. After this Justinian published very severe Laws against them, which he renewed from time to time to keep them to their Duty. At last in 551, finding themselves unable to make Head against the Christians, they resolved to make shew of a feigned Conversion, and making their Intent known to Sergius Bishop of Cesarea, he applied himself to the Emperor on their behalf, who vouchsafed them the Liberty of bequeathing by Testament and receiving Donations as his other Subjects. This City was very stately, as appears by the marble Pillars found in its Ruins, but has now but a few Colleges inhabited by Grecian Monks. The Temple of Samaria was in being in our Saviours time, as appears by St. John iv. 20. and in the 35th of Christ, Philip the Evangelist preached the Gospel in this City, and amongst other Converts had Simon the Heretick and Founder of the Sect of Gnosticks. An. 42. Herod Agrippa obtained this City from Caligula, and siding with the Romans against the Jews under Vespasian, they avoided the publick Calamity of the Nation; but Anno 135, taking other Measures, they were together with the rest of the Jews extir∣pated by the Emperor Adrian, and the City has ever since been Ruinous; yet there are some Remains of the Samaritans in Palestine and Grand Cairo, where they have their Synagogues and ancient Sacrifices; their High Priest resides at Sichem, now Naplouse, and pretends to be descended from Aaron. The Pro∣vince of Samaria was bounded with the Mediterranean on the West, on the North by Galilee, on the East by Jordan, and on the South by Judea. It was very Fruitful in Corn and Pasture, and consequently Populous, but now Poor and Desolate.

	Samaritans. There are to this day some Remainders of the ancient Sect of Samaritans, who are Zealous for the Law of Moses, and yet are look'd upon by the Jews as Hereticks, be∣cause they receive only the Pentateuch, and observe different Ceremonies from theirs. There are of these at Gaza, Damascus, Grand Cairo; and in some other places of the East, but espe∣cially at Sichem now called Naplouse, which is risen out of the Ruins of the ancient Samaria, where they sacrificed not many Years ago, having a place for that purpose on Mount Gerizim. Joseph Scaliger, who knew this, wrote a Letter to the Samaritans of Egypt, and to their High Priest, who had his Residence at Naplouse, in which he proposed several Difficulties, to which they answered, though their answer never came to Scaliger's hands, but came since to the hands of Genebrardus and after∣wards of Peyrese, who gave it to Fa. Morinus, who translated it into Latin, as may be seen in Morinus his Letters printed here at London under the Title of Bibliotheca Orientalis. And Father Simon had, before this, in the Supplement of his first Edition concerning the Ceremonies and Customs of the Jews, published the Substance of the two Letters sent to Scaliger, by the two Samaritan Synagogues of Naplouse and Egypt. R. Benjamin who makes mention of these Samaritans in his Travels, amongst other things observes that they have Priests that pretend to be of the House of Aaron, who never Marry but in the same Line, for fear of Confounding the Priestly Race, and that they Sacri∣fice on Mount Gerizim, upon an Altar made of the Stones which the Children of Israel, at Gods Command, took out of the River Jordan, and set up in Memory of their miraculous passage over it. He adds that these Samaritans are very scrupulous of defiling themselves by touching any dead Body, that they change their Cloaths when they go to the Synagogue, and wash themselves before they put them on. He saith that they are of the Tribe of Ephraim, and that they have the Sepulchre of Joseph amongst them, besides the Sepulchres of many of their Prophets, and amongst the rest those of Eleazar and Itha∣mar Sons of Aaron, and of Phineas his Grandchild. They pre∣serve also amongst them an Inscription, which they suppose to have been writ by Phineas himself, the fifteenth Year after the Israelites entrance into the Land of Promise. Some of our English, not many Years ago, sent Letters to these Samaritans, who answered them much to the same purpose as they did Scaliger, the Inscription of their Letter runs thus, To their Dear Brethren in England (by which it seems they supposed them to be of their own Sect) they declare that they have no longer any High Priest, and that they are not tainted with those Errors the Jews charge them with, and particularly that they are no Sadducees. Pietro della Valle, a Roman Noble-man, had some Converse with these Samaritans in his Eastern Jour∣nies, and bought of them the Hebrew Samaritan Copy of the Pentateuch, which M. de Sancy, then French Ambassador at the Port, brought along with him from Constantinople, and now it is kept in the Library of the Fathers of the Oratory of Paris. From this Manuscipt was printed the Samaritan Penta∣teuch which is in the great Bible of M. le Jay, and has since been reprinted in our English Polyglot. The Characters of this Manuscript are much more Fair and Majestick, than those of the Printed. The Samaritans boast of their having a Copy of the Law writ by Phineas himself: However this much is cer∣tain, that those of Naplouse have a very ancient Copy of the Books of Moses, and it were to be wished that we had an exact Copy of some Lines of it at least, to know the Characters in which it is writ. One of the High Priests of the Samaritans in 1590, called Eleazar, writ a Book in which he reckons up 122 High Priests from Aaron to himself, maintaining that the Jews have no Priests of the Race of Aaron; and saith, that the Samaritan Character is the same God himself made use of in writing the Law he gave to Moses. F. Simon. Jovet. Histoir. des Religions.

	<nowiki>*</nowiki> Sambach, or Sanbich in Cheshire, a Town of no great Extent, nor is its Market very considerable; it is graced with a fair Church, and two square Crosses of Stone which have Steps up to them, they stand in the Market-place. The Town lyes 125 Miles from London; noted for its Ale, ordinarily sold at London for 12 d. a Quart		<nowiki>*</nowiki> Sambach, or Sanbich in Cheshire, a Town of no great Extent, nor is its Market very considerable; it is graced with a fair Church, and two square Crosses of Stone which have Steps up to them, they stand in the Market-place. The Town lyes 125 Miles from London; noted for its Ale, ordinarily sold at London for 12 d. a Quart

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	Scipio (Pub.) sirnamed Nasica, was the Grand-child of Sci∣pio Nasica, and the Son of him who was Consul; and being after∣wards Censor, built a Gallery or walking place under-prop'd with Pillars about the Capitol. He lived a private Man all his life-time, and was one of those that opposed Tiberius Gracchus, who was the Author of the Lex Agraria. Paterc.		Scipio (Pub.) sirnamed Nasica, was the Grand-child of Sci∣pio Nasica, and the Son of him who was Consul; and being after∣wards Censor, built a Gallery or walking place under-prop'd with Pillars about the Capitol. He lived a private Man all his life-time, and was one of those that opposed Tiberius Gracchus, who was the Author of the Lex Agraria. Paterc.

	Sclavonia, a Country of Europe, under which Name the An∣cients comprehended Hungary, Sclavonia Propria, Croatia, Dal∣matia, Bosnia, Servia, and Bulgaria, reaching from the River Drave to the Gulf of Venice. But by Sclavonia at present is only meant that part of the ancient Pannonia bounded by the Save and Drave: From Copranitz in the West to the Mouth of the Drave in the East, it is 50 German Miles in length, and 12 in breadth. It is said to have had its Name from the Slavi, an ancient Peo∣ple who came from Scythia in the time of the Emperor Justi∣nian; and having seiz'd Istria and all Grecia, founded the King∣doms of Poland under Lechus, and Moravia under Zechus. An. 550. they were beat out of Greece by Constantine; An. 783. they were kept under by Lewis the Pious; An. 807 they embraced Christi∣anity by the Preaching of one Methodius. The Emperor Lewis II. had War with them about 858, as also the Emperor Otho in 960. They infested Canute and Sueno Kings of the Danes in 960, but Walduner overcame them in 1161. An. 1200 Canute the Dane overcame the Marquess of Brandenburgh, who had possest himself of Sclavonia; and after this the Sclavonians became Tributaries to the Hungarians. They were most of them of the Roman Church, but performed their Worship in their own Language, which was formerly very extensive, and spoke in more Places than any other living Tongue in Europe, but now almost confined to their own Country; and is yet, though in different Dialects, spoken from the Adriatick Gulf to the Northern O•ean, by the Istrians, Dalmatians, Bosnians, Moravians, Bohemians, Lusatians, Silesians; Poles, Lithuanians, Prussians, Scandinavians and Russians, almost as far as Constantinople, and much used among the Turks. In 1544 that Country was subdued by Solyman the Magnificent: In 1687, after the Turks were defeated at Mohatz their Army mutiny'd against the Grand Visier, and the Turks deserting it, the whole Country, except Gradisca, submitted to the Emperor. The Country is very fruitful, and hath many Mines; the People are so enamour'd with War, that they often pray they may die with their Swords in their hands. The principal Towns are Gran∣disca, Esseck, and Possega the Capital. Hoff. Baud.

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Admin: Created page with "〈1+ pages missing〉 Sahatarians, was given to some Anabaptists, who observed the Saturday like the Jews. Sabazia, the Name of a Pagan Feast, instituted in Honor of Dio∣nysius Son of Caprius King of Asia. Cicero lib. 3. De Natur. Deorum. Sabasius, was also an Epithet of Jupiter, and seems to be the same with Aegiochus, because as this comes from a Greek word which signifies a She goat, so the former is derived from a Phoenician word Isebaoth, which signifies Kids...."

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Created page with "〈1+ pages missing〉 Sahatarians, was given to some Anabaptists, who observed the Saturday like the Jews. Sabazia, the Name of a Pagan Feast, instituted in Honor of Dio∣nysius Son of Caprius King of Asia. Cicero lib. 3. De Natur. Deorum. Sabasius, was also an Epithet of Jupiter, and seems to be the same with Aegiochus, because as this comes from a Greek word which signifies a She goat, so the former is derived from a Phoenician word Isebaoth, which signifies Kids...."

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