Tartaria Precopensis - Revision history

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1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun.

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	=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===		=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===
	<blockquote>Crim Tartary, or the Precopensian Tartars, is a vast Tract of Land, bounded on the North by Russia, (from which it is parted by the River Donetz in great part, and also by Ockraina and Dikoia,) on the East by Pervolock, on the South by the Kingdom of Astarcan, the Petigori, Cabardia, the Palus Meotis, and Euxine Sea; and on the West by the Boristhenes, which parts it from Wolynia. Extended vastly from East to West, but not so broad. The chief Force of it lies in the Peninsula in the Black Sea. These Tartars have been heretofore Christians, but now Mahometans, and the inseparable Allies of the Turks, in hopes to succeed upon the failure of the Ottoman House; otherwise they live under a Prince of their own. See Krim.~~</blockquote>~~		<blockquote>Crim Tartary, or the Precopensian Tartars, is a vast Tract of Land, bounded on the North by Russia, (from which it is parted by the River Donetz in great part, and also by Ockraina and Dikoia,) on the East by Pervolock, on the South by the Kingdom of Astarcan, the Petigori, Cabardia, the Palus Meotis, and Euxine Sea; and on the West by the Boristhenes, which parts it from Wolynia. Extended vastly from East to West, but not so broad. The chief Force of it lies in the Peninsula in the Black Sea. These Tartars have been heretofore Christians, but now Mahometans, and the inseparable Allies of the Turks, in hopes to succeed upon the failure of the Ottoman House; otherwise they live under a Prince of their own. See Krim.

			Krim. The Krim Tartars, are a Nation of Europe, bounded with the Borysthenes, [Nieper] to the West: the Psola, and Desna, (two Rivers which fall into the Nieper,) the Donetz, or Lesser Tanais, and in part by the Greater Tanais, to the North: by the last River to the East also, and in part to the South: the rest of their Southern Border is made by the Euxine or Black Sea, into which the Nieper falls. The most Southern part of this Country is the Taurica Chersonesus, anciently filled with Noble Greek Cities, the Principal of which was Theodosia, now Caffa; but this Hord, or Tribe of Tartary, which now possess it, coming out of Asia, have so ruined them, that there are scarce any footsteps left of their ancient Grandeur. These Tartars lead their Lives after the ancient manner; having no fixed Habitations; but driving their Cattle, Wives and Children about from place to place, as Necessity and the Season of the Year require. They have only covered Wagons to preserve them from the injury of the Weather. And they accordingly value themselves upon this Nomadical way of living; as the Protectors of their Cities, and Men of such exalted Virtue, as is not to be confined within any smoaky Walls. In the interim they are extremely proud, ignorant, nasty and barbarous. Their Diet is Roots, Cheese, Garlick, and for the most part Horse-flesh; which they eat without Bread, and often raw: Beef and Venison being reserved for their Great Men. They value Brass and Steel, above Gold and Silver They were once Christians, but have since Apostatized to Mahometanism: yet they retain one Article of the Creed firmly, that Christ shall Judge both the quick and the dead, in the day of Judgment. Upon this account they are more favourable to the Christians that live amongst them, than any other Mahometans are. They use their own Tartarian Tongue, intermixed with Arabick and Turkish; and the Chaldean and Arabian Characters. This Prince hath heretofore been able to Arm one hundred and fifty thousand of his own Subjects: and in 1571. pierced as far as the City of Mosco; and set fire on the Suburbs, which taking the City, in the space of four hours, burnt the greatest part of it, (though thirty Miles in compass:) Eight hundred thousand People of all Sexes, and Ages, perishing in this Ruin. After all, the Turk treats this Prince as his Slave; at some times removes, at others Murthers him. In 1686. there was a League between the Russians and the Poles, for the Conquering this People: but the former have done no great Wonders yet with an Army of three hundred thousand Men.</blockquote>

	=== 1694. The present state of the universe by John Beaumont. ===		=== 1694. The present state of the universe by John Beaumont. ===

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1694. The present state of the universe by John Beaumont.

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	The Lesser Tartars assisted the Polanders in some of their late Wars, but to the cost of their Guests; besides some Money those gave them annually, some Rouls or Sheep-skins to cloath themselves with. Though their Shape makes them resemble Apes when they are on Horseback with very short Stirrups, yet they fail not of having the advantage of their Enemies in the Campaign. The Cossacks fight 'em when they can go in Tabort, that is to say when they can march between two rows of their Waggons, having eight or ten in the Front, and as many in the Rear, with Fuzils, Half Pikes, and long handed Scyths, while that the best mounted go round about with Sentinels on all sides for a Quarter of a League distance. The Lesser Tartars are so cruel, that they give Axes and Knives to their little Children for the killing those Prisoners outright, whom they mean not to carry away. They have themselves sometimes filled great Sacks with the ears of Christians, to show the greatness of their Victory.</blockquote>		The Lesser Tartars assisted the Polanders in some of their late Wars, but to the cost of their Guests; besides some Money those gave them annually, some Rouls or Sheep-skins to cloath themselves with. Though their Shape makes them resemble Apes when they are on Horseback with very short Stirrups, yet they fail not of having the advantage of their Enemies in the Campaign. The Cossacks fight 'em when they can go in Tabort, that is to say when they can march between two rows of their Waggons, having eight or ten in the Front, and as many in the Rear, with Fuzils, Half Pikes, and long handed Scyths, while that the best mounted go round about with Sentinels on all sides for a Quarter of a League distance. The Lesser Tartars are so cruel, that they give Axes and Knives to their little Children for the killing those Prisoners outright, whom they mean not to carry away. They have themselves sometimes filled great Sacks with the ears of Christians, to show the greatness of their Victory.</blockquote>

			=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===
			<blockquote>Crim Tartary, or the Precopensian Tartars, is a vast Tract of Land, bounded on the North by Russia, (from which it is parted by the River Donetz in great part, and also by Ockraina and Dikoia,) on the East by Pervolock, on the South by the Kingdom of Astarcan, the Petigori, Cabardia, the Palus Meotis, and Euxine Sea; and on the West by the Boristhenes, which parts it from Wolynia. Extended vastly from East to West, but not so broad. The chief Force of it lies in the Peninsula in the Black Sea. These Tartars have been heretofore Christians, but now Mahometans, and the inseparable Allies of the Turks, in hopes to succeed upon the failure of the Ottoman House; otherwise they live under a Prince of their own. See Krim.</blockquote>

	=== 1694. The present state of the universe by John Beaumont. ===		=== 1694. The present state of the universe by John Beaumont. ===

Admin: /* 1676. A most exact and accurate map of the whole world by Donald Lupton. */

2025-03-29T19:04:19Z

1676. A most exact and accurate map of the whole world by Donald Lupton.

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	As for his power, what he can do in horse we have seen already; And as for foot, and Ammunition, and other necessaries, he is supplied with them by the Turk, (who doth sometimes espouse his quarrels) by whose assistance they have brought the Moscovites to some extremities. And upon confidence of the favour and protection of the Grand Signieur, the Cham then being, upon the death of Stephen Bathori (whom Amurath the 3d. commended to the Crown of Poland) sent Ambassadours to negotiate his election to that Kingdome: and to induce them thereunto promised them in his letters amongst other things, that their Pope should be his Pope, their Luther his Luther; and that rather than put them unto any charge to find his Table, he could live with Horse-flesh. His Embassie entertained with Laughter, as it well deserved.</blockquote>		As for his power, what he can do in horse we have seen already; And as for foot, and Ammunition, and other necessaries, he is supplied with them by the Turk, (who doth sometimes espouse his quarrels) by whose assistance they have brought the Moscovites to some extremities. And upon confidence of the favour and protection of the Grand Signieur, the Cham then being, upon the death of Stephen Bathori (whom Amurath the 3d. commended to the Crown of Poland) sent Ambassadours to negotiate his election to that Kingdome: and to induce them thereunto promised them in his letters amongst other things, that their Pope should be his Pope, their Luther his Luther; and that rather than put them unto any charge to find his Table, he could live with Horse-flesh. His Embassie entertained with Laughter, as it well deserved.</blockquote>

			=== 1662. A Geographical dictionary in which are described... London. by Henry Brome. ===
			<blockquote>Tartarie the lesser, a principality in Europe, oftentimes called Precopensis or Crimea, leagued with the Turk.</blockquote>

	=== 1676. A most exact and accurate map of the whole world by Donald Lupton. ===		=== 1676. A most exact and accurate map of the whole world by Donald Lupton. ===

Admin: /* 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. */

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1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri.

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:02, 29 March 2025
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	The Lesser Tartars assisted the Polanders in some of their late Wars, but to the cost of their Guests; besides some Money those gave them annually, some Rouls or Sheep-skins to cloath themselves with. Though their Shape makes them resemble Apes when they are on Horseback with very short Stirrups, yet they fail not of having the advantage of their Enemies in the Campaign. The Cossacks fight 'em when they can go in Tabort, that is to say when they can march between two rows of their Waggons, having eight or ten in the Front, and as many in the Rear, with Fuzils, Half Pikes, and long handed Scyths, while that the best mounted go round about with Sentinels on all sides for a Quarter of a League distance. The Lesser Tartars are so cruel, that they give Axes and Knives to their little Children for the killing those Prisoners outright, whom they mean not to carry away. They have themselves sometimes filled great Sacks with the ears of Christians, to show the greatness of their Victory.</blockquote>		The Lesser Tartars assisted the Polanders in some of their late Wars, but to the cost of their Guests; besides some Money those gave them annually, some Rouls or Sheep-skins to cloath themselves with. Though their Shape makes them resemble Apes when they are on Horseback with very short Stirrups, yet they fail not of having the advantage of their Enemies in the Campaign. The Cossacks fight 'em when they can go in Tabort, that is to say when they can march between two rows of their Waggons, having eight or ten in the Front, and as many in the Rear, with Fuzils, Half Pikes, and long handed Scyths, while that the best mounted go round about with Sentinels on all sides for a Quarter of a League distance. The Lesser Tartars are so cruel, that they give Axes and Knives to their little Children for the killing those Prisoners outright, whom they mean not to carry away. They have themselves sometimes filled great Sacks with the ears of Christians, to show the greatness of their Victory.</blockquote>

			=== 1694. The present state of the universe by John Beaumont. ===
			<blockquote>Tartaria Precopensis, or the Lesser Tartary. (Book Tartary)

			I. ITS probable that upon the breaking of the great Empire of the Tartars into pieces, upon the death of Tamerlane, which hapned An. 1402. The Precopenses or European Tartars submitted to a Prince of their own Nation, under the Power and Government of whose Successors they still continue.

			The name of the present Cham of the Lesser Tartary, or of the Crim Tartar, is Nuradin Kiery. He has a Wife, call'd the Chamine and four Children, to all whom the Emperour of Germany sent Presents some years since. He is call'd the Crim Tartar from the Town of Crim; the Ancient Seat of the Chams, and at that time the fairest and greatest of the Country, situate in the midst thereof, and fortified with a strong Castle; and for the hight of the Walls, and depth of the Ditch esteem'd Impregnable.

			The Country is also call'd Tartaria Precopensis from Precopia, a chief Town thereof.

			II. He bears Or, three Grissins Sable, arm'd Gules. His Livery is of a _____ colour. The Religion there most Embrac'd and Countenanc'd is that of Mahomet, mingled with some few of their old Principles of Christianity: for they confess that Christ shall be Judge both of the Quick and Dead, in the day of Judgment; and punish ••ose that speak irreverently of him: which makes great store of Grecian and Armenian Christians dwell among them. The Language which they speak is their own Tartarian; but intermixt, with much of the Arabick, and Turkish Tongues, and when they write they use either Chaldean, or Arabick Characters.

			III. A late French Writer tells us, he resides at Baccasarium, which stands in the midst of his Countries; perhaps the same with Crim, before mention'd. But the Court of the Great Cham in the Summer time makes a moveable City, built upon Wheel-Houses, and Transported from one place to another, as occasion serves; which Houses at every station, are orderly dispos'd of into Streets and Lanes, and by the Tartars are called Agara, or a Town of Carts. They remove also their droves of Cattle up and down with them. Within these Territories there is a Town call'd Capha; but it belongs wholly to the Turk, he keeping there a Governour. It was taken from the Genoeses, An. 1475. Its six or seven Miles about, being, in a manner, wholly inhabited by Christians. The Greeks have twelve Churches there. The Armenians thirty two, and the Romanists one, Dedicated to S. Peter. The Town is of great Trade.

			IV. The Revenues of this Prince are uncertain, his Subjects having but little mony, and living most upon Bartering of their Cattle: beside what he has in Lands and Customs, and five thousand five hundred Ducats yearly, which he receives from the Great Turk, he has the tenth of all Spoils which are gotten in the Wars.

			The Male-Line of the Ottoman House failing, these Chams are to succeed, upon an Agreement made betwixt the two Emperours.</blockquote>

	=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===		=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===

Admin: /* 1694. The present state of the universe by John Beaumont. */

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1694. The present state of the universe by John Beaumont.

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	The Male-Line of the Ottoman House failing, these Chams are to succeed, upon an Agreement made betwixt the two Emperours.</blockquote>		The Male-Line of the Ottoman House failing, these Chams are to succeed, upon an Agreement made betwixt the two Emperours.</blockquote>

			=== 1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child. ===
			<blockquote>The Allies of the TƲRKS, or Inhabitants of the LESSER TARTARY.

			THE LESSER TARTARY, Tartaria Minor, aut Precopensis, so call'd to distinguish it from the Greater in Asia, is the ancient Lesser Scythia, being bounded on the North by the River Doniec or Lesser Don, which separates it from Moscovy; on the South by the Tanais or greater Don, the Sea of Zabach and the Euxine or Black Sea, on the West by the Nieper and Mountains that divide it from Poland. It is extended, in comprehending the Peninsula of Crimski, from the 46 deg. 20 min. to the 53 deg. 30 min. of Latitude, for the space of 145 leagues, and about 202 from South-west to North-east, from the 59th deg. to the 75th deg. of Longitude. The name of Tartaria Precopensis or Precopian Tartary, is taken from a Ditch dug in the Isthmus or neck of Land about half a league or 1200 paces wide, for its greater Strength and Security.

			The Air of this Country is temperate, but not very healthful, neither is the Soil every where alike; for in some places it brings forth Corn, Millet, Grapes, and several sorts of Fruits; in others appear only Marshes and Pastures, wherein are fed many Herds of Cattel. In fine, some Grounds are altogether sandy. But Timber is generally scarce throughout these Territories, excepting in the Peninsula, where are found spacious Forests full of Deer, and affording all sorts of Game. The Mountains yield Mines of Gold, Silver and Iron; and the Rivers abound in delicate Fishes, altho' the Water is bitter and very unwholsom to drink. The most considerable of these Rivers are the Nieper or Borysthenes, the greater and lesser Don, &c.

			The Inhabitants are robust and indefatigable, so that their Courage cannot be abated through the extremity of Labour, Hunger, Thirst, Heat or Cold. They are very just in dealing one with another, but shew little or no courtesie to strangers▪ being much addicted to Robbing and Pillaging; Jealousie and Lasciviousness often exciting them to commit enormous Outrages. These Barbarians commonly feed on the Flesh of Horses half sodden, which is sometimes cut by them into Collops, and laid under their Saddles; then they cause their Nags to run on full speed, until the Sweat exhales all over their Bodies. Afterward having left the raw Flesh covered with Foam for some time, they take it out and greedily devour it. Moreover they delight very much in drinking the Blood of their Horses, and the Milk of their Cattel. The most part of those Tartars embrace the Mahometan Doctrine, altho' there are also among them many Roman Catholicks, Greeks and Armenians. Almost all the Roman Catholicks derive their Original from the Italians, and enjoy the free exercise of their Religion.

			This Country is govern'd by a Prince styl'd the Cham of Tartary, under the protection of the Emperor of the Turks; of whom he receives a Standard as a mark of his Soveraignty. The Grand Signior detains as an Hostage, the person that ought to succeed him, who is usually his Son or Brother. Moreover the Sultan himself possesseth part of Crimski, and even maintains a Beglierbeg in the Town of CAFFA, a strong Hold of this Peninsula. He is also Master of the Town of AZOPHOƲ-TANA situated in an Island made by the River Don near its mouth, and of that of THAMAN in Asia, on the Streights of Caffa. These two last are places of very great importance, and each of them affords a seat to a Sangiack depending on the Beglierbeg of Caffa.

			CRIM or KRIM, Crimcea, which hath imparted its name to the Peninsula, wherein it is situated, at the distance of 25 miles from Caffa to the East, is the principal Town of the lesser Tartary, and the usual Seat of the Great Cham, who sometimes resides at BACCA-SARAIO, Baccasara which stands on the Banks of the River Kabarta, in the midst of Crimski, and is distant 55 miles from Caffa to the North-West toward Perecop.

			The Peninsula of Crimski, heretofore call'd Chersonesus Taurica, is more frequently inhabited, better cultivated, and contains a greater number of Towns than the lesser Tartary that lies to the North, and is almost desert; since the Nogaiski Tartars only dwell therein under Tents or Hutts, which they fix in the most convenient places.</blockquote>

Admin: /* 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. */

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1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri.

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	=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===		=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===
	<blockquote>Tartarie in Europe, call'd Little Tartary, comprehends not only the ancient Taurica Chersonesus, but also divers Countries between the Borysthenes or Nieper and the Tanais. It generally goes by the Name of Crim or Precop Tartary. High Mountains divide this Peninsula in 2 Parts: Its Name of Precopensis comes from a Ditch dug in the Isthmus or Neck of Land about half a League or 1200 Paces wide for its greater Strength; and it is this Tartary which is divided into the Precopensian that comprehends the Peninsule and Crimee, which reaches far beyond it, and takes Name from a City called Crim: the capital Town is Bavesarai. We may add to these the Tartars of Nogais of Budziack in Bessarabia, the Tartars of Dobruce in Bulgaria, and those of Oczacow, about the Euxine Sea, all in Europe. The Chersonesus Taurica, where now are the Little Tartars, in the Beginning had its particular Princes, until it was subdued by the Fauro-Scythians, who gave it their own Name. Mithridates took it from them, and join'd it to the Kingdom of Pontus. The Romans depriving him of his Kingdom, established Sovereigns in Chersonesus, which were call'd Kings of the Bosphorus. After this, these Provinces belonged to the Eastern Empire; and the Genois subdued a great part of it, but were forc'd to pay the Tartars a Tribute, who came to settle here in 1250. So that they were sole Masters of all this Country until Mahomet II. took Caffa in 1452, and beat them quite out of it. The Little Tartars were always great Robbers and Plunderers of their Neighbours; so that their Frontiers are very desert. They have a Prince called Kam, who is Tributary to the Turk, and employ'd by him very often to make Incursions into Poland and Muscovy. If we believe Relations, their Customs are very odd. They put no Value upon bread, which they call Beasts Food, and eat nothing but Flesh, which they stew under their Saddle.		<blockquote>Tartarie in Europe, call'd Little Tartary, comprehends not only the ancient Taurica Chersonesus, but also divers Countries between the Borysthenes or Nieper and the Tanais. It generally goes by the Name of Crim or Precop Tartary. High Mountains divide this Peninsula in 2 Parts: Its Name of Precopensis comes from a Ditch dug in the Isthmus or Neck of Land about half a League or 1200 Paces wide for its greater Strength; and it is this Tartary which is divided into the Precopensian that comprehends the Peninsule and Crimee, which reaches far beyond it, and takes Name from a City called Crim: the capital Town is Bavesarai. We may add to these the Tartars of Nogais of Budziack in [[Bessarabia]], the Tartars of Dobruce in Bulgaria, and those of Oczacow, about the Euxine Sea, all in Europe. The Chersonesus Taurica, where now are the Little Tartars, in the Beginning had its particular Princes, until it was subdued by the Fauro-Scythians, who gave it their own Name. Mithridates took it from them, and join'd it to the Kingdom of Pontus. The Romans depriving him of his Kingdom, established Sovereigns in Chersonesus, which were call'd Kings of the Bosphorus. After this, these Provinces belonged to the Eastern Empire; and the Genois subdued a great part of it, but were forc'd to pay the Tartars a Tribute, who came to settle here in 1250. So that they were sole Masters of all this Country until Mahomet II. took Caffa in 1452, and beat them quite out of it. The Little Tartars were always great Robbers and Plunderers of their Neighbours; so that their Frontiers are very desert. They have a Prince called Kam, who is Tributary to the Turk, and employ'd by him very often to make Incursions into Poland and Muscovy. If we believe Relations, their Customs are very odd. They put no Value upon bread, which they call Beasts Food, and eat nothing but Flesh, which they stew under their Saddle.

	Tartars Nogays, Neighbours to those of Perecops, inhabit the Peninsula of Crim towards Circassia, Moscovy, Poland, and Moldavia. These have no Towns, but a great number of Cabins, which they carry upon Chariots, and obey particular Princes called Cankariers, that is, Chief of the Hordes or Tribes, who can raise above 50000 Horse. Though they are Mahometans, yet they are no strict Observers of the Laws of that Sect. The Coggia or Doctors and Priests come not amongst them, because they cannot accustom themselves to their way of living; they live on Flesh and Milk without Bread; their Drink is sower Milk and Water; and upon Holy-days they drink Mares Milk prepared with Barley: They have abundance of good Pasture in their Plains, and Cattel in great numbers, as also wild Horses, Deers, Wolves, Elks, Foxes, Bears, &c. Skins, Slaves and Butter, are their chief Commodities, which they truck for Cottons, Cloth, Maroquins, Knives, and such other Ware, for they do not care for Mony. They are very deform'd, and have neither Honesty nor Civility. Their Children do not see well a long time after they are born, their Eyes are so little, and so much sunk in their Heads: They have neither Books nor Writing: He that Commands administers Justice. Peter of Luca. But others make a more exact Division of the Tartars, saying, the Crim Tartars possess the Peninsula, and are above 60000 Men. The Nogays possess the Country which begins at Perecops and reaches on one side to the River of Nieper, and on the other to the Town of Oczakar, and can raise 12000 Men. The Tartars of Oczakou, and the Neighbourhood of Don, are about 2000 fighting Men, otherwise called Bessei, that is, paid or hir'd. The Tartars of Budziack live about the Town of Bilogrod upon the Frontiers of Moldavia or Bessarabie, and can make up 15000 Men. As for Nogaye it's divided into greater and lesser: The Greater Nogaye, whose Hordes made frequent Incursions to the West, was quite over run by the Cham of Tartary who forc'd the People into the Peninsula; and the Lesser Nogaye, which lies between Donets and the Sea of Limen from the Perecops to Oczakou, is under the Protection of the same Cham. The Orbey or Governour of Perecops is their Chief and Judge. M. Thevenot.		Tartars Nogays, Neighbours to those of Perecops, inhabit the Peninsula of Crim towards Circassia, Moscovy, Poland, and Moldavia. These have no Towns, but a great number of Cabins, which they carry upon Chariots, and obey particular Princes called Cankariers, that is, Chief of the Hordes or Tribes, who can raise above 50000 Horse. Though they are Mahometans, yet they are no strict Observers of the Laws of that Sect. The Coggia or Doctors and Priests come not amongst them, because they cannot accustom themselves to their way of living; they live on Flesh and Milk without Bread; their Drink is sower Milk and Water; and upon Holy-days they drink Mares Milk prepared with Barley: They have abundance of good Pasture in their Plains, and Cattel in great numbers, as also wild Horses, Deers, Wolves, Elks, Foxes, Bears, &c. Skins, Slaves and Butter, are their chief Commodities, which they truck for Cottons, Cloth, Maroquins, Knives, and such other Ware, for they do not care for Mony. They are very deform'd, and have neither Honesty nor Civility. Their Children do not see well a long time after they are born, their Eyes are so little, and so much sunk in their Heads: They have neither Books nor Writing: He that Commands administers Justice. Peter of Luca. But others make a more exact Division of the Tartars, saying, the Crim Tartars possess the Peninsula, and are above 60000 Men. The Nogays possess the Country which begins at Perecops and reaches on one side to the River of Nieper, and on the other to the Town of Oczakar, and can raise 12000 Men. The Tartars of Oczakou, and the Neighbourhood of Don, are about 2000 fighting Men, otherwise called Bessei, that is, paid or hir'd. The Tartars of Budziack live about the Town of Bilogrod upon the Frontiers of Moldavia or Bessarabie, and can make up 15000 Men. As for Nogaye it's divided into greater and lesser: The Greater Nogaye, whose Hordes made frequent Incursions to the West, was quite over run by the Cham of Tartary who forc'd the People into the Peninsula; and the Lesser Nogaye, which lies between Donets and the Sea of Limen from the Perecops to Oczakou, is under the Protection of the same Cham. The Orbey or Governour of Perecops is their Chief and Judge. M. Thevenot.

Admin: /* 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. */

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1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri.

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:16, 10 January 2025
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	=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===		=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===
	<blockquote>Tartarie in Europe, call'd Little Tartary, comprehends not only the ancient Taurica Chersonesus, but also divers Countries between the Borysthenes or Nieper and the Tanais. It generally goes by the Name of Crim or Precop Tartary. High Mountains divide this Peninsula in 2 Parts: Its Name of Precopensis comes from a Ditch dug in the Isthmus or Neck of Land about half a League or 1200 Paces wide for its greater Strength; and it is this Tartary which is divided into the Precopensian that comprehends the Peninsule and Crimee, which reaches far beyond it, and takes Name from a City called Crim: the capital Town is Bavesarai. We may add to these the Tartars of Nogais of Budziack in Bessarabia, the Tartars of Dobruce in Bulgaria, and those of Oczacow, about the Euxine Sea, all in Europe. The Chersonesus Taurica, where now are the Little Tartars, in the Beginning had its particular Princes, until it was subdued by the Fauro-Scythians, who gave it their own Name. Mithridates took it from them, and join'd it to the Kingdom of Pontus. The Romans depriving him of his Kingdom, established Sovereigns in Chersonesus, which were call'd Kings of the Bosphorus. After this, these Provinces belonged to the Eastern Empire; and the Genois subdued a great part of it, but were forc'd to pay the Tartars a Tribute, who came to settle here in 1250. So that they were sole Masters of all this Country until Mahomet II. took Caffa in 1452, and beat them quite out of it. The Little Tartars were always great Robbers and Plunderers of their Neighbours; so that their Frontiers are very desert. They have a Prince called Kam, who is Tributary to the Turk, and employ'd by him very often to make Incursions into Poland and Muscovy. If we believe Relations, their Customs are very odd. They put no Value upon bread, which they call Beasts Food, and eat nothing but Flesh, which they stew under their Saddle.~~</blockquote>~~		<blockquote>Tartarie in Europe, call'd Little Tartary, comprehends not only the ancient Taurica Chersonesus, but also divers Countries between the Borysthenes or Nieper and the Tanais. It generally goes by the Name of Crim or Precop Tartary. High Mountains divide this Peninsula in 2 Parts: Its Name of Precopensis comes from a Ditch dug in the Isthmus or Neck of Land about half a League or 1200 Paces wide for its greater Strength; and it is this Tartary which is divided into the Precopensian that comprehends the Peninsule and Crimee, which reaches far beyond it, and takes Name from a City called Crim: the capital Town is Bavesarai. We may add to these the Tartars of Nogais of Budziack in Bessarabia, the Tartars of Dobruce in Bulgaria, and those of Oczacow, about the Euxine Sea, all in Europe. The Chersonesus Taurica, where now are the Little Tartars, in the Beginning had its particular Princes, until it was subdued by the Fauro-Scythians, who gave it their own Name. Mithridates took it from them, and join'd it to the Kingdom of Pontus. The Romans depriving him of his Kingdom, established Sovereigns in Chersonesus, which were call'd Kings of the Bosphorus. After this, these Provinces belonged to the Eastern Empire; and the Genois subdued a great part of it, but were forc'd to pay the Tartars a Tribute, who came to settle here in 1250. So that they were sole Masters of all this Country until Mahomet II. took Caffa in 1452, and beat them quite out of it. The Little Tartars were always great Robbers and Plunderers of their Neighbours; so that their Frontiers are very desert. They have a Prince called Kam, who is Tributary to the Turk, and employ'd by him very often to make Incursions into Poland and Muscovy. If we believe Relations, their Customs are very odd. They put no Value upon bread, which they call Beasts Food, and eat nothing but Flesh, which they stew under their Saddle.

			Tartars Nogays, Neighbours to those of Perecops, inhabit the Peninsula of Crim towards Circassia, Moscovy, Poland, and Moldavia. These have no Towns, but a great number of Cabins, which they carry upon Chariots, and obey particular Princes called Cankariers, that is, Chief of the Hordes or Tribes, who can raise above 50000 Horse. Though they are Mahometans, yet they are no strict Observers of the Laws of that Sect. The Coggia or Doctors and Priests come not amongst them, because they cannot accustom themselves to their way of living; they live on Flesh and Milk without Bread; their Drink is sower Milk and Water; and upon Holy-days they drink Mares Milk prepared with Barley: They have abundance of good Pasture in their Plains, and Cattel in great numbers, as also wild Horses, Deers, Wolves, Elks, Foxes, Bears, &c. Skins, Slaves and Butter, are their chief Commodities, which they truck for Cottons, Cloth, Maroquins, Knives, and such other Ware, for they do not care for Mony. They are very deform'd, and have neither Honesty nor Civility. Their Children do not see well a long time after they are born, their Eyes are so little, and so much sunk in their Heads: They have neither Books nor Writing: He that Commands administers Justice. Peter of Luca. But others make a more exact Division of the Tartars, saying, the Crim Tartars possess the Peninsula, and are above 60000 Men. The Nogays possess the Country which begins at Perecops and reaches on one side to the River of Nieper, and on the other to the Town of Oczakar, and can raise 12000 Men. The Tartars of Oczakou, and the Neighbourhood of Don, are about 2000 fighting Men, otherwise called Bessei, that is, paid or hir'd. The Tartars of Budziack live about the Town of Bilogrod upon the Frontiers of Moldavia or Bessarabie, and can make up 15000 Men. As for Nogaye it's divided into greater and lesser: The Greater Nogaye, whose Hordes made frequent Incursions to the West, was quite over run by the Cham of Tartary who forc'd the People into the Peninsula; and the Lesser Nogaye, which lies between Donets and the Sea of Limen from the Perecops to Oczakou, is under the Protection of the same Cham. The Orbey or Governour of Perecops is their Chief and Judge. M. Thevenot.

			Tartars of Precops or Crim Tartars, People that inhabit the Peninsula between the Black Sea and the Sea of Limen, formerly called Chersonesus Taurica, which joyns the firm Land by an Isthmus half a League broad. This Place is about 700 Miles in Circuit, comprehending 800000 Coi or Villages, eight Towns which are Perecop or Or situated upon the Isthmus: Baciesarai or Baccasarai in the middle of the Country, where they build their Galleys and other Vessels; Criminda or Solar, Kersi or Karasu, Mancop, Coselow and Caffa, where the Grand Signior puts a Bascha; but his Jurisdiction does not reach into the Country, whereof the Cham is sole Sovereign. This Prince takes the Title of King of the Tartars, Nogays, Circassia and Malibase. The Perecops is a very plain, but cold, Country, by reason of the Wind it is exposed to.</blockquote><blockquote>There are four Rivers called Alma, Cabarta, Bejesula or Kacia, and Carasu. These Tartars have such great Quantities of Wheat and Millet, that they fell a Cart loaden with as much as two Oxen can draw, for two Crowns: Besides these they have good Pasture and vast Numbers of Cattel, good Horses, great and double-bunch'd Camels. Other Provisions are so cheap, that a Hen is sold for four Aspers or two Pence, fifteen Eggs for an Asper or a Half-penny. Their Water is good, but best near the Sea: They have so much Fish, that it's far cheaper than Flesh; nor do they want Fruit Trees either in the Plains or along the Sea and Rivers sides The Salt they use is gather'd without any Trouble in the Fens and Marshes, where People may have and take as much as they please. They make a great Quantity of Earth-Oyl, which they call Oyl of Stones. Here are no ravenous Beasts. Wine is dear, as also Oyl of Olives. They eat but little Bread, but devour a great deal of Meat, especially Horse-Flesh. When a Murse or Country-Lord makes a Feast it's not regarded if they have not a young Colt. Mares Milk pepared with B•rley is their ordinary Drink, mixing a little Wine sometimes with it: This Preparation is made by putting the Vessel near the Fire, or exposing it to the Sun for about three Weeks to boil and purifie the Liquor. They eat, sitting on the Ground upon Carpets or Mats. Their Tables are round, and covered with Leather. They entertain Strangers pretty civilly, for when any comes into their Villages they send him to the Mosque, where he has Meat sent him; but if he be one they know, they take him to their House, and lodge him in an Apartment kept for Strangers. Their Marriages are made in Presence of the Coggia or Priest of their Law, and they take as many Wives as they can maintain, besides whom they have Slaves, called Cuma, that is, Concubines. The common sort make a Traffick by selling the Children of those Concubines. The Crim Tartars are generally at War with the Polanders, Muscovites, Russians, Circassians, and Moldavians, and carry a great many into Slavery from those Countries. They know no other Calling but War, whereof their long Experience has taught 'em all the Secrets: Sometimes they are above a hundred thousand Horse, and march for four Months together in Deserts, for all People quit their Dwellings at their Approach: Each carries a Bag of Barly-Meal upon his Horse, with some Biskets and a thing they call Cuscum, which is a kind of P•ste fry'd in Butter. They take greater care of their Horses than of themselves; it being a Proverb amongst them, That to lose ones Horses is to lose ones Head. The Horses are most of them very small and lean, but will do great Service, and endure Fatigue. The Murses or Gentry have very fine Horses, yet they never house them in the depth of Winter nor greatest Snows. Their Saddles are very light, and serve them for many Uses: The under-part is a woollen Cloth well folded, which they spread and lye upon; the Back serves for a Bolster, and their Cloak hung upon Pikes, which they always carry, makes a Tent: Their Arms are a Sword and Bow, with Head-pieces of Mail, much esteemed in Tartary They can shoot their Arrows behind them, as the ancient Parthians us'd to do. The Cham has no standing Troops, except five hundred Fusiliers that are his Guards. He takes a Tenth of what Booty his Subjects make. The Towns of most Trade in Tartary are Caffa, Corasu, Caslow, and Bachasarai, where there are always Slaves to be sold, which the Turks, Arabians, Jews, Armenians, and Greeks do buy; for there are of all these Nations in this Country that pay Tribute to the Cham of Tartary and Bascha of Caffa. The Precopites are great Observers of their Religion, and go four or five times a day to their Namas or Mosques, and render Justice upon the Place whether in Criminal or Civil Matters. Their Houses are generally of Wood, built without any Observation of the Rules of Architecture. In Summer they have round Cabins made of Willow, which they put upon their Chariots and carry from one Place to another for the conveniency of Pasture. They speak the Turkish Language, with some other mixture. The King has five Seraglio's, pretty well built: His Treasure lies in a Town called Mancop. built upon a Mountain and inhabited by Jews that obey a Tartar Governor. Hither the Cham retires when there is any Trouble or Rebellion in the Country, or that he is in War with the Grand Signior, who possesses and keeps a strong Garison in Caffa, the best Town in his Dominions. M. Thevenot in his Relation of the Tartars, vol. 1.</blockquote><blockquote></blockquote>

	=== 1694. The present state of the universe by John Beaumont. ===		=== 1694. The present state of the universe by John Beaumont. ===

Admin at 04:12, 10 January 2025

2025-01-10T04:12:27Z

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	The Lesser Tartars assisted the Polanders in some of their late Wars, but to the cost of their Guests; besides some Money those gave them annually, some Rouls or Sheep-skins to cloath themselves with. Though their Shape makes them resemble Apes when they are on Horseback with very short Stirrups, yet they fail not of having the advantage of their Enemies in the Campaign. The Cossacks fight 'em when they can go in Tabort, that is to say when they can march between two rows of their Waggons, having eight or ten in the Front, and as many in the Rear, with Fuzils, Half Pikes, and long handed Scyths, while that the best mounted go round about with Sentinels on all sides for a Quarter of a League distance. The Lesser Tartars are so cruel, that they give Axes and Knives to their little Children for the killing those Prisoners outright, whom they mean not to carry away. They have themselves sometimes filled great Sacks with the ears of Christians, to show the greatness of their Victory.</blockquote>		The Lesser Tartars assisted the Polanders in some of their late Wars, but to the cost of their Guests; besides some Money those gave them annually, some Rouls or Sheep-skins to cloath themselves with. Though their Shape makes them resemble Apes when they are on Horseback with very short Stirrups, yet they fail not of having the advantage of their Enemies in the Campaign. The Cossacks fight 'em when they can go in Tabort, that is to say when they can march between two rows of their Waggons, having eight or ten in the Front, and as many in the Rear, with Fuzils, Half Pikes, and long handed Scyths, while that the best mounted go round about with Sentinels on all sides for a Quarter of a League distance. The Lesser Tartars are so cruel, that they give Axes and Knives to their little Children for the killing those Prisoners outright, whom they mean not to carry away. They have themselves sometimes filled great Sacks with the ears of Christians, to show the greatness of their Victory.</blockquote>

			=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===
			<blockquote>Tartarie in Europe, call'd Little Tartary, comprehends not only the ancient Taurica Chersonesus, but also divers Countries between the Borysthenes or Nieper and the Tanais. It generally goes by the Name of Crim or Precop Tartary. High Mountains divide this Peninsula in 2 Parts: Its Name of Precopensis comes from a Ditch dug in the Isthmus or Neck of Land about half a League or 1200 Paces wide for its greater Strength; and it is this Tartary which is divided into the Precopensian that comprehends the Peninsule and Crimee, which reaches far beyond it, and takes Name from a City called Crim: the capital Town is Bavesarai. We may add to these the Tartars of Nogais of Budziack in Bessarabia, the Tartars of Dobruce in Bulgaria, and those of Oczacow, about the Euxine Sea, all in Europe. The Chersonesus Taurica, where now are the Little Tartars, in the Beginning had its particular Princes, until it was subdued by the Fauro-Scythians, who gave it their own Name. Mithridates took it from them, and join'd it to the Kingdom of Pontus. The Romans depriving him of his Kingdom, established Sovereigns in Chersonesus, which were call'd Kings of the Bosphorus. After this, these Provinces belonged to the Eastern Empire; and the Genois subdued a great part of it, but were forc'd to pay the Tartars a Tribute, who came to settle here in 1250. So that they were sole Masters of all this Country until Mahomet II. took Caffa in 1452, and beat them quite out of it. The Little Tartars were always great Robbers and Plunderers of their Neighbours; so that their Frontiers are very desert. They have a Prince called Kam, who is Tributary to the Turk, and employ'd by him very often to make Incursions into Poland and Muscovy. If we believe Relations, their Customs are very odd. They put no Value upon bread, which they call Beasts Food, and eat nothing but Flesh, which they stew under their Saddle.</blockquote>

	=== 1694. The present state of the universe by John Beaumont. ===		=== 1694. The present state of the universe by John Beaumont. ===

Admin: /* 1685. Geographia universalis: the present state of the whole world by Pierre Duval. */

2025-01-06T02:44:21Z

1685. Geographia universalis: the present state of the whole world by Pierre Duval.

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	<blockquote>Of Lesser Tartary.		<blockquote>Of Lesser Tartary.

	Lesser Tartary, which lies in Europe, is so called for distinction sake from the Great, which makes part of Asia. It is also named Percopense and Crimee from its principal Cities scituated in the Peninsula, called formerly Taurica. The Nogay Tartars may be there comprehended between the Tanais and the Boristhenes, the Tartars of Ocziakou, between the Mouths of the Boristhenes and the Niester, and also the Tartars of Budziack above mentioned on the East of Moldavia, between the Mouths of the Niester and of the Danube: Besides all these Tartars, there be those who inhabit in Lithuania and the Ukrain. This Region with Commania, which is in Asia, made up the Kingdom of the Bosphorus, possessed by Mithridates. Lesser Tartary is a plain Country, very cold by reason of the Winds. Its Peninsula is so advantagiously scituated, that several States had formerly a design of sending Collonies thither. Besides seven or eight good Cities, it has full fourscore thousand Koys, that is to say Wells or Villages. Its Neck is half a League broad, its Circumference seven hundred Miles. There be some salt Marshes, where any man takes as much salt as he has occasion for. The Inhabitants boast of never having been subdued. Tho' they be descended of the Great Tartars, they do not hold of them; they only assist the Turks in such expeditions they think to get booty in. Their Tongue comes near the Turkish, but they gabble it out faster. It was their Predecessors, known under the name of Scythians, who sent formerly to Darius, who would have subdued them, a Rat, a Frog, a Bird and five Arrows, for to declare to him, that he would find it a hard matter to retire out of their Countrey, wherein he had imprudently engaged himself. Yet they could not then draw any great advantage from their Cavalry, wherein now consists their principal strength, by reason of the braying of the Asses, which were in the Persian Army.		Lesser Tartary, which lies in Europe, is so called for distinction sake from the Great, which makes part of Asia. It is also named Percopense and Crimee from its principal Cities scituated in the Peninsula, called formerly Taurica. The Nogay Tartars may be there comprehended between the [[Tanais, River\|Tanais]] and the [[Boristhenes]], the Tartars of Ocziakou, between the Mouths of the Boristhenes and the Niester, and also the Tartars of Budziack above mentioned on the East of Moldavia, between the Mouths of the Niester and of the Danube: Besides all these Tartars, there be those who inhabit in Lithuania and the Ukrain. This Region with Commania, which is in Asia, made up the Kingdom of the Bosphorus, possessed by Mithridates. Lesser Tartary is a plain Country, very cold by reason of the Winds. Its Peninsula is so advantagiously scituated, that several States had formerly a design of sending Collonies thither. Besides seven or eight good Cities, it has full fourscore thousand Koys, that is to say Wells or Villages. Its Neck is half a League broad, its Circumference seven hundred Miles. There be some salt Marshes, where any man takes as much salt as he has occasion for. The Inhabitants boast of never having been subdued. Tho' they be descended of the Great Tartars, they do not hold of them; they only assist the Turks in such expeditions they think to get booty in. Their Tongue comes near the Turkish, but they gabble it out faster. It was their Predecessors, known under the name of Scythians, who sent formerly to Darius, who would have subdued them, a Rat, a Frog, a Bird and five Arrows, for to declare to him, that he would find it a hard matter to retire out of their Countrey, wherein he had imprudently engaged himself. Yet they could not then draw any great advantage from their Cavalry, wherein now consists their principal strength, by reason of the braying of the Asses, which were in the Persian Army.

	The Lesser Tartars have in all times made incursions upon their Neighbours, for which reason all their Frontiers is a desart. After they have made a great number of Slaves, they go to sell them in the Sea-Ports, from whence they are commonly transported to Constantinople. Their Country is very populous; several of the Inhabitants have often there each forty or fifty Children in a year: they go almost all to the War: principally the Nogays, from the age of seven years, that they go out of their Gantares, which are Huts or Portative Houses, they alwaies remain in the field. These Huts are of Ozier, of a round form, two Fathoms in Diameter, they put them upon Wheels, and use them in Summer more than in Winter. Few Houses in Lesser Tartary are built with Stone and Mortar, most of them are only of Wood, covered with Planks, upheld with Posts fixed in the Earth, and interlaced with Branches of Trees. Robbery is there tolerated, and there needs no more for any ones justification upon that account, than to say they stood in need of what they stole. The Inhabitants do not much care for the Sciences, they learn what they know by common Sence; it is said of them, they have eaten their Books and carry them in their Stomacks. They have several Horses very swift, small, lean, who live commonly on Roots and Leaves of Trees; the greatest Lords have of them very good, they take so much care of their Horses, that it is become a Proverb amongst them, That to lose ones Horse is to lose ones Head. They make sometimes up a hundred thousand Horse, and go easily Marches of four Months without Baggage; the Bow of their Saddle serves them for a Pillow, the Horse-Cloth which is of Pressed Wool or of Felt, serves them for a Coverlet, their Cloak for a Tent: each Trouper carries a Pickax; their Servants sleep in the open air, let it be never so cold. The know no other Trade than that of War, th• long experience they have had therein has taught them all the Secrets and Stratagems of that Art. Some of them pass, without any inconveniency, for three or four Days together without eating, after which they glut themselves like Hogs, to sleep as long as they have fasted. Their Provision is a little flower, steeped in Water, the use of Bread goes against their Stomacks. When they regal and treat one another, they roast a whole Colt. They have so much of the Beast, that they are born blind, and do not see clear until five dayes end. Their eyes are but little open, very black, with long lashes, and so piercing, that they always discover their Enemies soone• than they are perceived by them; they are much shorter than tall, have large Members; they have a high and big Breast, a short Neck, huge Head and Cheeks, their Face almost round, a flat and Saddle Nose, a small Mouth, white Teeth, tawny Complexion, very black and harsh Hair, like the main of a Horse. When they are Children their Mothers take care to bath them once a day in Water, wherein Salt is dissolved, to harden their Skin, and render them less sensible of the cold, when in Winter they are obliged to pass Rivers by swimming. Each Tartar has a Whistle, a Gamelle, which is a Porrenger of Wood or of Copper, a Whip, a Knife, an Awl, Packthread, Thread, Points and little Cords of Leather, a Marriners compass; every ten have a Chaldron and a little Drum. Their King is called Kan, and his Successour Galga. The Residence of the Kan is at Baccassaraium, otherwise Boston-Seraglio, sometimes at Crim. Mancup is his strongest Town, and the place where his Treasures be kept. He says himself allyed to the Grand Seignior, who gives him a Pension, and deposes him when he thinks fitting, or rather when he has the Power so to do; and who for that purpose seizes often on the Kans Relations, for the having him elected of that Family who is most his Creature. The Confederacy between the Turks and the Lesser Tartars bears among other things, that the Race of the Ottomans coming to fail, that of the Kans of the Lesser Tartars shall succed to the Turkish Empire. The Grand Seignior did this to engage those Princes to the maintaining their Dominions, as expecting to possess them one day themselves. The Turk is master of the City of Caffa, the best and most important of this State. His Predecessours took it from the Janizaries in the year 1475.		The Lesser Tartars have in all times made incursions upon their Neighbours, for which reason all their Frontiers is a desart. After they have made a great number of Slaves, they go to sell them in the Sea-Ports, from whence they are commonly transported to Constantinople. Their Country is very populous; several of the Inhabitants have often there each forty or fifty Children in a year: they go almost all to the War: principally the Nogays, from the age of seven years, that they go out of their Gantares, which are Huts or Portative Houses, they alwaies remain in the field. These Huts are of Ozier, of a round form, two Fathoms in Diameter, they put them upon Wheels, and use them in Summer more than in Winter. Few Houses in Lesser Tartary are built with Stone and Mortar, most of them are only of Wood, covered with Planks, upheld with Posts fixed in the Earth, and interlaced with Branches of Trees. Robbery is there tolerated, and there needs no more for any ones justification upon that account, than to say they stood in need of what they stole. The Inhabitants do not much care for the Sciences, they learn what they know by common Sence; it is said of them, they have eaten their Books and carry them in their Stomacks. They have several Horses very swift, small, lean, who live commonly on Roots and Leaves of Trees; the greatest Lords have of them very good, they take so much care of their Horses, that it is become a Proverb amongst them, That to lose ones Horse is to lose ones Head. They make sometimes up a hundred thousand Horse, and go easily Marches of four Months without Baggage; the Bow of their Saddle serves them for a Pillow, the Horse-Cloth which is of Pressed Wool or of Felt, serves them for a Coverlet, their Cloak for a Tent: each Trouper carries a Pickax; their Servants sleep in the open air, let it be never so cold. The know no other Trade than that of War, th• long experience they have had therein has taught them all the Secrets and Stratagems of that Art. Some of them pass, without any inconveniency, for three or four Days together without eating, after which they glut themselves like Hogs, to sleep as long as they have fasted. Their Provision is a little flower, steeped in Water, the use of Bread goes against their Stomacks. When they regal and treat one another, they roast a whole Colt. They have so much of the Beast, that they are born blind, and do not see clear until five dayes end. Their eyes are but little open, very black, with long lashes, and so piercing, that they always discover their Enemies soone• than they are perceived by them; they are much shorter than tall, have large Members; they have a high and big Breast, a short Neck, huge Head and Cheeks, their Face almost round, a flat and Saddle Nose, a small Mouth, white Teeth, tawny Complexion, very black and harsh Hair, like the main of a Horse. When they are Children their Mothers take care to bath them once a day in Water, wherein Salt is dissolved, to harden their Skin, and render them less sensible of the cold, when in Winter they are obliged to pass Rivers by swimming. Each Tartar has a Whistle, a Gamelle, which is a Porrenger of Wood or of Copper, a Whip, a Knife, an Awl, Packthread, Thread, Points and little Cords of Leather, a Marriners compass; every ten have a Chaldron and a little Drum. Their King is called Kan, and his Successour Galga. The Residence of the Kan is at Baccassaraium, otherwise Boston-Seraglio, sometimes at Crim. Mancup is his strongest Town, and the place where his Treasures be kept. He says himself allyed to the Grand Seignior, who gives him a Pension, and deposes him when he thinks fitting, or rather when he has the Power so to do; and who for that purpose seizes often on the Kans Relations, for the having him elected of that Family who is most his Creature. The Confederacy between the Turks and the Lesser Tartars bears among other things, that the Race of the Ottomans coming to fail, that of the Kans of the Lesser Tartars shall succed to the Turkish Empire. The Grand Seignior did this to engage those Princes to the maintaining their Dominions, as expecting to possess them one day themselves. The Turk is master of the City of Caffa, the best and most important of this State. His Predecessours took it from the Janizaries in the year 1475.

Admin: /* Etymology and other names */

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Etymology and other names

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	==Etymology and other names==		==Etymology and other names==
			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+
			!Modern
			!N/A
			\|-
			\|
			\|Lesser Tartary
			\|-
			\|
			\|Tartaria Precopensis
			\|-
			\|
			\|Crimean Tartary
			\|}

	==History==		==History==