Tunis - Revision history

Admin: /* 1652. Cosmographie in four bookes by Peter Heylyn. */

2025-01-26T19:18:02Z

1652. Cosmographie in four bookes by Peter Heylyn.

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:18, 26 January 2025
Line 52:		Line 52:
	The whole divided by the Romans into these four parts, viz. 1. Africa specially so called, lying on the Sea, from the River Ampsaga to the Lesser Syrtis; 2. Tripolitana, from the Lesser Syrtis to the Greater; 3. Numidia, lying on the West of Zeugitana, or Africa Propria; and 4. Byzacena, so called from Byzacium, or Byzacina, a chief City of it; the territory whereof so extremely fruitful, that 400 Ears of corn were sent to Rome in the time of Augustus, and 360 in the time of Domitius Nero, growing on one stalk. But this Division being long since worn out of memory, it is divided at the present into the Provinces of, 1. Ezzab, 2. Tripolis, 3. Tunis, 4 Constantina, 5. Bugia. 1. EZZAB is that part of this Kingdom which lieth next to Cyrene: A small Region, and not very fruitful; yet the Inhabitants hereof are conceived to be rich, (the richer, in regard they are free from tributes) their wealth not rising from the commodities of their own Country, which affordeth them little else besides Dates and Olives; but from such merchandise which they buy of the Venetians, and sell to the Numidians. The richest, those of Mesrata, (a little Province of this Tract) which lieth near the Sea. Towns it hath some, but none of note: the chief of which, 1. Mesurata, 2. Sibeca, both upon the Sea; of which the first gives name unto that little Province spoken of before. Of more note in the former times was Philoeni Villa, situate on the Greater Syrtis, near the Promontory then called Hippi, but now Cabo de Surta; memorable for the adjoyning Altars called Phileni Arae, erected by the Carthaginians upon this occasion. Some controversies being grown betwixt those of Carthage and Cyrene, about their bounds; it was agreed, that two men at a set houre should be sent out of each City towards the other; and where they met, there to be fixed the Meer-stone of their several Territories: The Phileni, two brothers nominated for Carthage, were so quick of foot, that they had goten a good way into the Country of the Cyrenenses, before they were met; wherewith the Cyreneans much enraged, put to them this choice, either to go so much back again, or to die in the place: This last accepted by the Phileni, who preferred the common good of their Country before their own; for preservation of whose name and honour to succeeding Ages, the grateful Carthaginians did erect these Altars.		The whole divided by the Romans into these four parts, viz. 1. Africa specially so called, lying on the Sea, from the River Ampsaga to the Lesser Syrtis; 2. Tripolitana, from the Lesser Syrtis to the Greater; 3. Numidia, lying on the West of Zeugitana, or Africa Propria; and 4. Byzacena, so called from Byzacium, or Byzacina, a chief City of it; the territory whereof so extremely fruitful, that 400 Ears of corn were sent to Rome in the time of Augustus, and 360 in the time of Domitius Nero, growing on one stalk. But this Division being long since worn out of memory, it is divided at the present into the Provinces of, 1. Ezzab, 2. Tripolis, 3. Tunis, 4 Constantina, 5. Bugia. 1. EZZAB is that part of this Kingdom which lieth next to Cyrene: A small Region, and not very fruitful; yet the Inhabitants hereof are conceived to be rich, (the richer, in regard they are free from tributes) their wealth not rising from the commodities of their own Country, which affordeth them little else besides Dates and Olives; but from such merchandise which they buy of the Venetians, and sell to the Numidians. The richest, those of Mesrata, (a little Province of this Tract) which lieth near the Sea. Towns it hath some, but none of note: the chief of which, 1. Mesurata, 2. Sibeca, both upon the Sea; of which the first gives name unto that little Province spoken of before. Of more note in the former times was Philoeni Villa, situate on the Greater Syrtis, near the Promontory then called Hippi, but now Cabo de Surta; memorable for the adjoyning Altars called Phileni Arae, erected by the Carthaginians upon this occasion. Some controversies being grown betwixt those of Carthage and Cyrene, about their bounds; it was agreed, that two men at a set houre should be sent out of each City towards the other; and where they met, there to be fixed the Meer-stone of their several Territories: The Phileni, two brothers nominated for Carthage, were so quick of foot, that they had goten a good way into the Country of the Cyrenenses, before they were met; wherewith the Cyreneans much enraged, put to them this choice, either to go so much back again, or to die in the place: This last accepted by the Phileni, who preferred the common good of their Country before their own; for preservation of whose name and honour to succeeding Ages, the grateful Carthaginians did erect these Altars.

	2. West of the Province of Ezzab, lieth that of TRIPOLIS, which together with Ezzab made that Province which the Romans called Tripolitana: Not much more fruitful then the other, except in Barley; but more commodiously seated in regard of the Sea, which is here more safe for navigation, the former lying wholly on the greater Syrtis. Chief Towns hereof, 1. Leptis Magna, so called to distinguish it from another, but of lesse note, and therefore called Leptis Parva, situate in the (now) Province of Tunis. A town of so great wealth and trade, that it was worth a Talent daily to the Carthaginians. 2. Euphranta, called also Pyrgos Euphranta from some strong Tower in it, on the Western-bank of the greater Syrtis. 3. Cinsterna, on the Eastern side of the River Cyniphus. 4. Cabis, the utmost City of this Province westward; the same which Ptolomie cals Tacapa, situate at the fall of the River Triton into the lesser Syrtis. 5. Sabratha, and 6. Heva; not else observable, but that together with Leptis Magna they made up that one City which the Romans called from thence Tripolis. 7. Tripolis, founded by the Romans, and by them peopled with Colonies from those three Cities before mentioned. A City of great name and riches, till destroyed by the Saracens: By whom rebuilt adorned with many fair Temples, Colleges, and Hospitals; and flourishing in much wealth and lustre, it became a Kingdom of it self, but subject to the Kings of Tunis, till taken by the Genoes with a Fleet of 20 sail, and by them sold to the King of Fesse. Recovered not long after by the King of Tunis, it came once more to have a King of its own; till by the valour of Peter of Navar, it was conquered for Ferdinand the Catholique, the first Monarch of Spain; whose Nephew Charles the 5. conferred it on the Knights of S. John of Hierusalem, then expelled from Rhodes: whom the Turks under Sinan Basa General of Selimus the second, dispossessed by force, An. 1551. since that the ordinary Residence of the Turkish Begterbeg for these African Provinces, and made an usual retreat for Pyrats▪ who infest these Seas, and do much mischief to the Coasts of Sicil, Italy, and others of the Christian Countries.		2. West of the Province of Ezzab, lieth that of TRIPOLIS, which together with Ezzab made that Province which the Romans called Tripolitana: Not much more fruitful then the other, except in Barley; but more commodiously seated in regard of the Sea, which is here more safe for navigation, the former lying wholly on the greater Syrtis. Chief Towns hereof, 1. Leptis Magna, so called to distinguish it from another, but of lesse note, and therefore called Leptis Parva, situate in the (now) Province of Tunis. A town of so great wealth and trade, that it was worth a Talent daily to the Carthaginians. 2. Euphranta, called also Pyrgos Euphranta from some strong Tower in it, on the Western-bank of the greater Syrtis. 3. Cinsterna, on the Eastern side of the River Cyniphus. 4. [[Cabis]], the utmost City of this Province westward; the same which Ptolomie cals Tacapa, situate at the fall of the River Triton into the lesser Syrtis. 5. Sabratha, and 6. Heva; not else observable, but that together with Leptis Magna they made up that one City which the Romans called from thence Tripolis. 7. Tripolis, founded by the Romans, and by them peopled with Colonies from those three Cities before mentioned. A City of great name and riches, till destroyed by the Saracens: By whom rebuilt adorned with many fair Temples, Colleges, and Hospitals; and flourishing in much wealth and lustre, it became a Kingdom of it self, but subject to the Kings of Tunis, till taken by the Genoes with a Fleet of 20 sail, and by them sold to the King of Fesse. Recovered not long after by the King of Tunis, it came once more to have a King of its own; till by the valour of Peter of Navar, it was conquered for Ferdinand the Catholique, the first Monarch of Spain; whose Nephew Charles the 5. conferred it on the Knights of S. John of Hierusalem, then expelled from Rhodes: whom the Turks under Sinan Basa General of Selimus the second, dispossessed by force, An. 1551. since that the ordinary Residence of the Turkish Begterbeg for these African Provinces, and made an usual retreat for Pyrats▪ who infest these Seas, and do much mischief to the Coasts of Sicil, Italy, and others of the Christian Countries.

	3. The Province of TVNIS, lying Westward to that of Tripolis, taketh up so much of this Kingdom, as antiently contained the Province of Byzacena; and so much of the Roman Africk, as lieth on the East of the River called Guadilharbar, the Hipponites Lacus of the Antient writers. The Country antiently so fruitful, that it yielded usually an increase of an hundred and fifty fold: For proof of which, besides the testimony of approved Authors, the wonderfull, if not prodigious Ears of Corn which before we heard of, may serve sufficiently. Now indigent, and so unprovided of all Grain for the use of their families, that they are fain to furnish themselves out of other places: the People not daring to manure or sow their land, for fear of the Arabians, who ever and anon fall into these parts, and spoil what they meet with.		3. The Province of TVNIS, lying Westward to that of Tripolis, taketh up so much of this Kingdom, as antiently contained the Province of Byzacena; and so much of the Roman Africk, as lieth on the East of the River called Guadilharbar, the Hipponites Lacus of the Antient writers. The Country antiently so fruitful, that it yielded usually an increase of an hundred and fifty fold: For proof of which, besides the testimony of approved Authors, the wonderfull, if not prodigious Ears of Corn which before we heard of, may serve sufficiently. Now indigent, and so unprovided of all Grain for the use of their families, that they are fain to furnish themselves out of other places: the People not daring to manure or sow their land, for fear of the Arabians, who ever and anon fall into these parts, and spoil what they meet with.

Admin at 02:03, 20 January 2025

2025-01-20T02:03:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:03, 20 January 2025
Line 107:		Line 107:

	CAYROAN, of old, Thesdrus, ought as it seems to be among the Maritim Governments, since it holds on the Coast Tobulha, Asfachusa, and some other places; but its principal place being on the main Land, its Government is likewise esteemed to be within the Land. This City is seated in a Sandy-plain, which affords neither Grain, Fruit, nor scarce any Water but what is preserved in Cisterns; it is about 100 miles from Tunis, and about 36 from any part of the Sea. It was first built by Hucha, who was the first that conquered Africk for the Saracens; who adorned it with a stately Mosque, supported on Pillars of Marble, of which two or three are very fair ones, and of a prodigious greatness, who also placed in it a Colledge of Priests, and now in much esteem, being the residence of a High Priest of the Law of Mahomet: and to this place (from all parts of the Country) the Corps of their chief Men are brought to be interred; who believe, that by the Prayers of those Priests, they shall find a shorter way to Heaven, than if interred at any other place. Its Inhabitants are now reduced to about 4 or 500 Families. Not far from Cayroan,* 1.65 are the Mountains of Zaghoan and Gueslet, the last not above 12000 Paces distant; both the one and the other have divers foot-steps of Roman Buildings. But I believe it was from the last that Scipio considered the Battel between Massinissa King of Numidia, and Asdrubal chief of the Carthaginians; and of this encounter Scipio would sometimes say to his Friends, That he was the third who had had the pleasure to see a famous Battel, without having run any resigoe; to wit, Jupiter from the top of Mount Ida, and Neptune from some eminence in the Isle of Samothrace, who beheld the Battels between the Trojans and Greeks; and himself this between Massiniss• and the Carthaginians. The other Cities of this Kingdom of Tunis, and towards Billedulgerid, are Caffa, Hama, Techios, Neifa, and Nafta.</blockquote>		CAYROAN, of old, Thesdrus, ought as it seems to be among the Maritim Governments, since it holds on the Coast Tobulha, Asfachusa, and some other places; but its principal place being on the main Land, its Government is likewise esteemed to be within the Land. This City is seated in a Sandy-plain, which affords neither Grain, Fruit, nor scarce any Water but what is preserved in Cisterns; it is about 100 miles from Tunis, and about 36 from any part of the Sea. It was first built by Hucha, who was the first that conquered Africk for the Saracens; who adorned it with a stately Mosque, supported on Pillars of Marble, of which two or three are very fair ones, and of a prodigious greatness, who also placed in it a Colledge of Priests, and now in much esteem, being the residence of a High Priest of the Law of Mahomet: and to this place (from all parts of the Country) the Corps of their chief Men are brought to be interred; who believe, that by the Prayers of those Priests, they shall find a shorter way to Heaven, than if interred at any other place. Its Inhabitants are now reduced to about 4 or 500 Families. Not far from Cayroan,* 1.65 are the Mountains of Zaghoan and Gueslet, the last not above 12000 Paces distant; both the one and the other have divers foot-steps of Roman Buildings. But I believe it was from the last that Scipio considered the Battel between Massinissa King of Numidia, and Asdrubal chief of the Carthaginians; and of this encounter Scipio would sometimes say to his Friends, That he was the third who had had the pleasure to see a famous Battel, without having run any resigoe; to wit, Jupiter from the top of Mount Ida, and Neptune from some eminence in the Isle of Samothrace, who beheld the Battels between the Trojans and Greeks; and himself this between Massiniss• and the Carthaginians. The other Cities of this Kingdom of Tunis, and towards Billedulgerid, are Caffa, Hama, Techios, Neifa, and Nafta.</blockquote>

			=== 1695. A New Body of Geography by A. Sewall & T. Child. ===
			<blockquote>The Kingdom of TƲNIS. Regnum Tunetanum.

			THis Kingdom is situate between the lesser Syrtes and the Kingdom of Algiers. It is in breadth from South to North about 70 leagues, and in length from East to West about 100.

			The Air is of much the same temperature with the rest of Barbary. The Soil in the East parts is barren, because it wants Water; in the South the Mountains and Valleys bear great plenty of Fruits; in the Western Coasts the Land is much more fruitful in those places, that lye near the Rivers. The Country about the City of Tunis is very barren, which makes Corn always dear there. The Incursions of the Arabians force the Inhabitants to sow their Barley and Rye in the Suburbs, and to inclose their Fields and Gardens with strong Walls, where they also produce an abundance of Oranges, Citrons, Lemons, Dates, and other sorts of Fruit. They have also Olive-trees, Rosebushes, and other sorts of Odoriferous Plants. The Mountains of Zaogan, Benitefren, and Nufrese yeild some small quantities of Barley and Honey. In most of the Mountains of this Kingdom, there are an abundance of Lyons, Wild-Oxen, Ostriches, Apes, Camelions, Goats, Hares, Pheasants, Partridges, and other sorts of Red Beasts, and Venison.

			The Camels and Horses of it are ready merchandize and cheap. The most remarkable Rivers are Guadibbarbar, Magrida, Megerada, and Caps, or Capes. The first of them hath so many windings, that they who come from Tunis to Bone are forced to wade over 26 times, for there is neither Bridge nor Ferry; it runs into the Sea near Tabarca. The second is but a branch of the former, which having passed the Country of Choros, falls into the Sea near Marsa. The 3d rises in a Mountain upon the borders of the Country of Zab, runs thro Tebessa, and falls into the Sea near Garelmelech. The 4th passes thro a Sandy desart near Mount Vassalat on the South side, and empties it self into the Sea near a City of the same name; the Water of it is so hot, that it can't be drank, unless it be set a cooling an hour before.

			The Inhabitants of Tunis are Moors, Turks, Jews, and Slaves of divers Nations. The Inhabitants of the Mountains of Zagoan dwell in Tents, and live upon the profit they gain by their Bees. They that dwell on the Mountains of Tunis Southward, joyn themselves in 2 or 300 of a Troop to make a kind of a movable Town, when they change the pastures for their flock.

			The Government of this Kingdom is at present managed by the Turk. The authority of the Bassa sent hither by the Grand-Seignior from the Port is much greater, than that of the other Bassa's of Africk. Yet the Inhabitants have a power to choose a Governour or Captain whom they call the Dey, who governs the Kingdom, makes Cadi's or Judges, and passes sentence in all affairs civil and criminal. The Divan, or Council is made up of an Aga or Chara, 12 Odabachi's, 24 Boulouchachi's, 2 Secretaries, and 4 Chiaou's. They judge all manner of matters after they have taken the judgment of the Dey, who rejects or approves their Resolutions as he thinks fit. The Revenue of the Bassa of Tunis, is thought to be 200000 Ducats a year. The chief Trade of it consists in Oyl, Olives, Soap, Horses, and Ostrich-Feathers.

			This Kingdom is divided into 8 Provinces, Seigniories, or Governments, of which five lye by the Sea Coasts, viz. Tunis properly so called, the Seigniory of Goulette, the Seigniory of Bisert, the Province of Sousa or Susa, the Government of the City Acafrique, or Mehedie. The other 3 Provinces lye in the middle of the Country, viz. The Government of Cairoan or Carvan, the Government of Ʋrbs, the Government of Beggie, and a part of Numidia, or Lybia. All these Governments are subject to the Governour of Tunis, which is the chief of them.

			The City of Tunis, Tunetum, stands upon the corner of the Gulph of Goulette, in the 32 D. of Latitude and 34 of Longitude, about 3 or 4 leagues from the Antient Carthage; it is but one league in compass, the Walls of it are 40 cubits high, and flanked with several Towers, with a Cittadel built upon an hill on the West side of it. They have neither Pit, nor River, nor Spring of sweet Water, but only Cisterns. There is but one Pit of Water tollerably sweet, which is preserved for the use of the Bassa.

			Goulette is a Fort built upon an Hill with two Redoubts, a good Port, Magazines, a Custom-house, a Prison for Christian-Slaves, and two Mosques.

			Marsa, which signifies in Arabick a Port, is built in the same place old Carthage stood.

			Napoly in Barbary, or N•bel, Neapolis, lies near the Mediterranean, about 3 leagues distant from Tunis Eastward, inhabited now only by a few Gardeners and Peasants.

			In the Seigniory of Biserte, the most remakable place is Biserte, a small Village about 20 leagues from Tunis; it is the old Ʋ•ica famous for the Death of Cato. The Lake adjoyning to it affords Dolphins of 5 or 6 pound weight, and abundance of Aloses. From the end of October to the end of May. In the Country of Choros there are Olive-trees of a great height.

			Ʋrbs stands in a fine plain, about 20 or 25 leagues from Tunis Southward, with a Castle and a River.

			Beggie is built upon the side of a hill, about 3 leagues from the Sea, and 10 from Tunis, in the great Road.

			Casba is almost without Inhabitants, because of the Incursions of the Arabians. The Soil of these two Governments is very frui•ful in Corn.

			In the Province of Susa, the most remarkable City is of the same name, built by the Romans upon a Rock near the Sea, over against the Isle Panthalaraea. It hath a good Port, in which the Pyrates of Tunis bring their Ships to Anchor. The Isles of Camiliers, Querquence, and Gamaleri, are subject to this City. The ground is very fruitful in Barley, Figs, Olives, Pasture and Fruits. Susa is the seat of the Governour, whose Revenue is 1200 Ducats. The City of Africk is built on the side of it, in the form of a Tongue, fortified with Walls, and flanked with Towers with a fine Port. Cairoad stands about 7 miles from the Sea, the Country about it is Sandy Barren.</blockquote>

Admin at 03:17, 3 January 2025

2025-01-03T03:17:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:17, 3 January 2025
Line 32:		Line 32:
	The commodities of this Kingdome, are excellent horses, waxe, honey, raw and salted hides, corrall taken up at Bona on the coast where the Genoes and Marselians have built them forts and scales for trade and commerce with the Inhabitants, to this purpose spunges, dates, almonds, rice, oyle, hard soape, Christian captives of all kinds and Nations.		The commodities of this Kingdome, are excellent horses, waxe, honey, raw and salted hides, corrall taken up at Bona on the coast where the Genoes and Marselians have built them forts and scales for trade and commerce with the Inhabitants, to this purpose spunges, dates, almonds, rice, oyle, hard soape, Christian captives of all kinds and Nations.

	The customes paid usually is ten per cent. upon all commodities entring, fo•… so much onely as is landed and sold, accounted upon the reall value sold, and what is not sold may be at all times shipt without payment of any custome or dutie whatsoever: a Broaker being appointed by the Dye of the Citie to attend the Merchants actions, who keepeth a register of the sales made, according to which the said ten per centum is paid by the Merchant seller. The Citie of Tripoly distinguished of Barbarie is found upon this coast, and to agree with Tunes in waights, measures, and coines: and thus much shall serve to have said of Tunes in Numidia.</blockquote>		The customes paid usually is ten per cent. upon all commodities entring, fo•… so much onely as is landed and sold, accounted upon the reall value sold, and what is not sold may be at all times shipt without payment of any custome or dutie whatsoever: a Broaker being appointed by the Dye of the Citie to attend the Merchants actions, who keepeth a register of the sales made, according to which the said ten per centum is paid by the Merchant seller. The Citie of Tripoly distinguished of Barbarie is found upon this coast, and to agree with Tunes in waights, measures, and coines: and thus much shall serve to have said of Tunes in Numidia.</blockquote><blockquote>The trade in generall of ARGIER and TVNIS.
			THough these two Kingdomes of TVNIS and ARGIER doe afford many faire Townes according to the manner of this Countrey, yet it is not found that the same doth produce many Merchants of quality or of great consideration; This tract of land is found at present to belong to three severall inhabitants, the Moores as propriators, inioy the principall part; and these are found within themselves to acknowledge severall Soveraignes, which not seldome are at variance, sometimes amongst themselves, sometimes with their neighbours, and because of the liberty given here for entertainment and protection to all nations, not onely these Townes doe harbour Levents which wee call Pirates, and they call naturall Turkes, but also Christians of all Countries which hence with robberies infest these adjoyning Mediterranean Seas, and joyning themselves with the abovesaid Levents, make up a dissolute and resolute company of Sea-farers and Pirats; and because these are not sufficient to worke any matters of moment alone to make their strength the greater, and their force the stronger, there is of their owne accord added thereto the Tagarins, a poore, desperate and naked rascality, and the Spanish Moores, or Moorish Spaniards of late yeares banished from the Kingdome of Spaine, who willingly some in purse and some in person vndertake these designes to be revenged of their banishment from their native Countries, their case herein being most miserable; for whilest they lived in Spaine they were accounted for Moores, and now being amongst the Moores are still doubted as Christians.

			These last and some others inhabitants of these Cities of Tunis and Argier, doe still professe more civility then the common sort, and have some reliques of that honesty left them which peradventure they brought with them hither out of Europe; and these are onely they that in these Cities professe Merchandizing, and are found to use some trade alongst this coast from one part to another, and so to Marselia and Lighorne, Townes seated on the Christian opposite shore inioying many priviledges and immunities for Merchants of what nation soever.

			The Spaniards inhabiting in this coast in sundry good and well fortified Townes, are the second that heere beare sway; the Country for some certain miles in circuit over-awed by their garrisons pay them contribution; and it is supposed that the charges in maintaining these exceeds the gaine yeelded thereby, and heere is but little trade found.

			The third sort I account the Genois and the French nations, who upon this coast by permission of the State, doe pay certaine yearely pensions, for admission of trade, and have built themselves Fortresses and Castles for the defence of their estates and persons; and shipping; and these are now found the onely Merchants inhabiting this coast: heere they have their scales for the corrall fishing; for honey, waxe, corne, hides, horses, spunges and many other commodities, which the Countrey men willingly for love of their Spanish plate do bring them in, and heere traffique is made upon good termes and sure guard, buying and selling as they list to inhance or debase the commodities they either buy or sell: by which a great gaine is yearely made unto them.

			And this is as much as I conceive necessary in this point of Mercantile traffique in these two Kingdomes and Cities of Tunis and Argier: but there is heere a piraticall Trade also much practised by the people of these two places who set out Vessels in partnerships and shares for to take Prizes or Gonimas as they terme them, which is ever performed by all manner of advantages without faith or promise either kept or regarded, which spoiles have beene so great, and their booties so beneficiall, that the desperate spirits of many of sundry nations have come hither in hope to raise by rapine and theft what else by honest courses they could not elsewhere compasse: their manner of setting forth these Ships is upon a small cost and done with little charge, considering the frugality in dyet used in these Countries, and their division at their returne is commonly allotted, (as I observed in these parts when for some time I abode amongst them) ⅓ for the bodie of the Vessell ⅓ for the Victuallers and setters out, and ⅓ for the Captaine and his company; and this is truely and exactly made in species and kind, for they hardly admit a commodity taken or slaves captivated to be sold at the Market, and the divident to be made in money: but they (as I have often seen) will divide it in kind, as if a bagge of pepper, then by dishfulls, or a peece of cloth or linen, then by proportionall shares, according to their grosse capacity, which custome I understand is since by their better judgement rectified, and Merchants Ships warned by their losses of latter dayes, goe better arm'd, man'd and provided; and seeing their prizes come in thinner, they are more provident in their division, though more venturous in their thefts. Argeer in this kind hath been able to set out neere 300. saile little and great in those times, now not a quarter so many: and Tunes then had 20. in 31. good saile, now it hath not a dozen; so that I may conclude their trade decreaseth and daily diminisheth, which GOD of his goodnes grant it may still doe, to the Merchants comfort and the mariners joy: and thus leaving these two piraticall Kingdomes and Cities, with this Maritime coast, I come in the next place to the famous Kingdomes of FESSE and MOROCCO.</blockquote>

	=== 1652. Cosmographie in four bookes by Peter Heylyn. ===		=== 1652. Cosmographie in four bookes by Peter Heylyn. ===

Admin at 02:41, 3 January 2025

2025-01-03T02:41:21Z

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 ==Notable People==
 ==Sources from old books==
 === 1652. Cosmographie in four bookes by Peter Heylyn. ===

Admin at 23:56, 21 December 2024

2024-12-21T23:56:09Z

Show changes

Admin: Created page with " ==Etymology and other names== ==History== ==Geography== ==Demographics== ==Economy== ==Culture== ==Government== ==Military== ==Education== ==Transportation== ==Notable People== ==Sources from old books== === 1652. Cosmographie in four bookes by Peter Heylyn. ===
THe Kingdom of TVNIS (in Latine called Regnum Tunctanum) hath on the East Cyrene, on the West the Kingdom of Algeirs or Tremesin, on the North the Mediterranean, on the South Mount Atlas. So called..."

2024-12-21T23:56:01Z

Created page with " ==Etymology and other names== ==History== ==Geography== ==Demographics== ==Economy== ==Culture== ==Government== ==Military== ==Education== ==Transportation== ==Notable People== ==Sources from old books== === 1652. Cosmographie in four bookes by Peter Heylyn. === <blockquote>THe Kingdom of TVNIS (in Latine called Regnum Tunctanum) hath on the East Cyrene, on the West the Kingdom of Algeirs or Tremesin, on the North the Mediterranean, on the South Mount Atlas. So called..."

Show changes