Zagathay - Revision history

Admin: /* 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. */

2025-10-26T03:27:49Z

1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun.

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:27, 26 October 2025
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	=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===		=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===
	<blockquote>Zagathai, Zagataia, a considerable Country between the Kingdoms of Thibet to the East, [[Persia]] to the South, and the Caspian Sea to the West; in Tartary, in Asia. Called also Ʋsbech.</blockquote>		<blockquote>Zagathai, Zagataia, a considerable Country between the Kingdoms of Thibet to the East, [[Persia]] to the South, and the Caspian Sea to the West; in Tartary, in Asia. Called also Ʋsbech.</blockquote>

			=== 1694. The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary by Louis Moreri. ===
			<blockquote>Vsbeck Tartars, Sogdiana and Bactriana, a single Province now of the Kingdom of Persia, to the North-East, the chief Cities of which are Balk, [[Samarchand\|Samarkand]], and [[Bochar\|Bocarra]]. Tavern. pag. 142. This Province is not so much subject to the Persians, but that the Kans of the several Cities send Embassies, and make War and Peace, without consulting the King of Persia. The Country yields excellent Apples, Pears, Rasins, and Mellons, which are sent as far as Dethi; excellent Camels, and gallant Horses, with which they serve both Indostan and Persia. They are a very covetous and nasty Nation, and so ignorant, that they know not the Confines of their own State. This Kingdom was erected by Tuxius Son of Chingues, Chan of Tartary, about the Year 1200, and left by him to his Son Badu in 1232, who Conquered Comania, Russia, Poland, Silesia, and Hungary. If this be Mr. Jenkenson's Osveke, its Lat. is 51. 40. Tavern.</blockquote>

Admin at 01:43, 16 January 2025

2025-01-16T01:43:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:43, 16 January 2025
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	==History==		==History==
	==Geography==		==Geography==
			== Maps ==
			<gallery mode="packed-hover" showfilename="yes" heights="150">
			File:1701 A system of geography by Herman Moll - Great Tartary.jpg
			</gallery>

	==Demographics==		==Demographics==
	==Economy==		==Economy==

Admin: /* Sources from old books */

2025-01-04T20:38:35Z

Sources from old books

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:38, 4 January 2025
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	==Notable People==		==Notable People==
	==Sources from old books==		==Sources from old books==

			=== 1638. The merchants mappe of commerce wherein by Lewes Roberts. ===
			<blockquote>Zagathai containes sundry Provinces, and but few Cities; the most famous is Sarmachand, which gave both cradle and grave to mighty Tamberlan, from whom [[The Empire of the Mogul\|the Great Moguls]] boast themselves to bee lineally descended.</blockquote>

	=== 1652. Cosmographie in four bookes by Peter Heylyn. ===		=== 1652. Cosmographie in four bookes by Peter Heylyn. ===

Admin at 21:47, 31 December 2024

2024-12-31T21:47:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:47, 31 December 2024
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	TƲRQƲESTAN lies East from Ʋsbeck or Zagathay, West from Cathay, North from India, and South from True Tartary. It is subdivided into some Kingdoms, of which the best known are Castar, Cotam, Chialis, Ciartiam, Thibet, Chinchintalis, &c. A part of their chief Cities being of the same name. Some name Hiarchan instead of Cascar, and Turon or Turphan instead of Chialis, for the chief Cities of the Kingdom. That of Cascar is the richest, most fertil, and best cultivated of all: That of Ciartiam is esteemed the least, and all sandy, having in recompence many Jaspars and Cassidoines; but that of Cascar hath likewise excellent Rhubarb, and in great quantity. Those of Cotam and Chialis have Corn, Wine, Flax, Hemp, Cotton, &c. Thibet is more advanced towards the Mogolls of India, and the most engaged in the Mountains of Imaus, Caucasus, and Ʋssontes. It hath many wild Beasts, Musk, and Cinnamon; and they make use of Coral instead of Mony. The Relations which have been given in 1624 and 1626, have made this Estate so great and rich, that they would confound it with Cathay: but those of 1651 make the Region very cold, and always covered with Snow; esteeming its King wholly barbarous, and less powerful than him of Serenegar, who is only a Rahia in the Estates of the Great Mogoll: so little assurance is there in the most part of these Relations. The other places of note in Turquestan are, Camul, Turfan, Emil, Sark, Cassia, Andegen, Raofa, Cotain, Peim, Finegle, Lop, Ciartiam, Sazechiam, and Vociam; and in this part is the Lake of Kithay, which is 65 Leagues in length, and 40 in breadth.</blockquote>		TƲRQƲESTAN lies East from Ʋsbeck or Zagathay, West from Cathay, North from India, and South from True Tartary. It is subdivided into some Kingdoms, of which the best known are Castar, Cotam, Chialis, Ciartiam, Thibet, Chinchintalis, &c. A part of their chief Cities being of the same name. Some name Hiarchan instead of Cascar, and Turon or Turphan instead of Chialis, for the chief Cities of the Kingdom. That of Cascar is the richest, most fertil, and best cultivated of all: That of Ciartiam is esteemed the least, and all sandy, having in recompence many Jaspars and Cassidoines; but that of Cascar hath likewise excellent Rhubarb, and in great quantity. Those of Cotam and Chialis have Corn, Wine, Flax, Hemp, Cotton, &c. Thibet is more advanced towards the Mogolls of India, and the most engaged in the Mountains of Imaus, Caucasus, and Ʋssontes. It hath many wild Beasts, Musk, and Cinnamon; and they make use of Coral instead of Mony. The Relations which have been given in 1624 and 1626, have made this Estate so great and rich, that they would confound it with Cathay: but those of 1651 make the Region very cold, and always covered with Snow; esteeming its King wholly barbarous, and less powerful than him of Serenegar, who is only a Rahia in the Estates of the Great Mogoll: so little assurance is there in the most part of these Relations. The other places of note in Turquestan are, Camul, Turfan, Emil, Sark, Cassia, Andegen, Raofa, Cotain, Peim, Finegle, Lop, Ciartiam, Sazechiam, and Vociam; and in this part is the Lake of Kithay, which is 65 Leagues in length, and 40 in breadth.</blockquote>

			=== 1693. A geographical dictionary representing the present and ancient names by Edmund Bohun. ===
			<blockquote>Zagathai, Zagataia, a considerable Country between the Kingdoms of Thibet to the East, [[Persia]] to the South, and the Caspian Sea to the West; in Tartary, in Asia. Called also Ʋsbech.</blockquote>

Admin at 08:34, 30 December 2024

2024-12-30T08:34:41Z

Admin: /* 1676. A most exact and accurate map of the whole world by Donald Lupton. */

2024-12-29T08:25:46Z

1676. A most exact and accurate map of the whole world by Donald Lupton.

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:25, 29 December 2024
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	<blockquote>In Zagathai, E. [[Cathay\|Cathai]] on the other side of Imaus, N. Frozen Sea, S. Caspian and the River Oxus, between it and [[Persia]]; is		<blockquote>In Zagathai, E. [[Cathay\|Cathai]] on the other side of Imaus, N. Frozen Sea, S. Caspian and the River Oxus, between it and [[Persia]]; is

	# ~~<mark>~~Drepsa~~</mark>~~ on the Oxus: as is		# Drepsa on the Oxus: as is
	# Oxiana.		# Oxiana.
	# Maruca.		# Maruca.

Admin at 06:42, 29 December 2024

2024-12-29T06:42:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:42, 29 December 2024
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	# Alexandria.		# Alexandria.
	# Tribarra, not considerable among such a wandring people.		# Tribarra, not considerable among such a wandring people.
	# Zabaspia, an eminent town, by reason the Inhabitants thereabouts are civil and industrious, good mechanicks, well skilled in manufactories, and very seldom without a great confluence of Merchants, trading on the River Daix, and the mouth of the Oxus.		# [[Zahaspa\|Zabaspia]], an eminent town, by reason the Inhabitants thereabouts are civil and industrious, good mechanicks, well skilled in manufactories, and very seldom without a great confluence of Merchants, trading on the River Daix, and the mouth of the Oxus.
	# The magnificent Mara-Canda.		# The magnificent Mara-Canda.
	# Well-traded and populous Bichend; and		# Well-traded and populous Bichend; and

Admin at 05:34, 29 December 2024

2024-12-29T05:34:57Z

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==Etymology and other names==
 ==History==
 ==Geography==
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 But for my part I dare not say that ever any one King did command the whole people generally; each Tribe or Nation having their particular Kings, as in other places not reduced into form and order. And therefore for those Kings, if such Kings there were (as for some of them I durst venture to swear the contrary) they must be such as in their severall Countries were of greatest same, most taken notice of in the world, or imployed in the conduct of their joynt and united forces; and so conceived to be the Kings of the whole Scythian Nation; as Cassibeline, King of the Trinobantes, and perhaps not that, is by some writers said to be the King of the Britains, because he had the conduct of their forces against Julius Caesar.</blockquote>
 === 1682. Cosmography and geography in two parts by Richard Blome. ===
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 # Zagathay, especially so called.
 # Sacoe.
-# Sogdiana, with some other of less note, in all which are not many considerable Cities, the most famous of which are Samarcand, which was both the Cradle and Grave to Tamberlan the Great, from whom the Great Mogolls boast themselves to be lineally descended, who enriched it with the fairest Spoils of Asia, and adorned it with an Academy, yet in some repute among the Mahometans: Also Bachara and Budaschan, and also Balick, according to some; but which I esteem in Chorasan, which hath divers times been in the hands of the Chams of Ʋsbeck. Badaschian is likewise on the Frontiers of Chorasan, Bochara or Bachara, where lived Avicenna one of the most famous Philosophers and Physicians of all the East. The Country is of a different Soil; that of Zagathay is indifferent fertil, which is much augmented by the industry of the Inhabitants, who are likewise held the most ingenious, being lovers of Arts, and well skilled in Manufactures, by reason of which they have a good trade with Merchants, which come from several places. Sacae is very barren, and ill manured, and full of wild Desarts, Forrests, and Uninhabited places, by reason of which the Inhabitants remove their Herds of Cattle from place to place, where they can find best food for them. Sogdian• hath very rich Pastures, and watered with many good Rivers, which much conduces to its fertility; in which, as also in Zagathay, are several Towns and Cities; as 1. Jarchan. 2. Sachi. 3. Istigiaes. 4. Busdaschan. 5. Bachara: and 6. Pogansa, which last is seated on the Sea.
+# Sogdiana, with some other of less note, in all which are not many considerable Cities, the most famous of which are Samarcand, which was both the Cradle and Grave to Tamberlan the Great, from whom [[The Empire of the Mogul|the Great Mogolls]] boast themselves to be lineally descended, who enriched it with the fairest Spoils of Asia, and adorned it with an Academy, yet in some repute among the Mahometans: Also Bachara and Budaschan, and also Balick, according to some; but which I esteem in Chorasan, which hath divers times been in the hands of the Chams of Ʋsbeck. Badaschian is likewise on the Frontiers of Chorasan, Bochara or Bachara, where lived Avicenna one of the most famous Philosophers and Physicians of all the East. The Country is of a different Soil; that of Zagathay is indifferent fertil, which is much augmented by the industry of the Inhabitants, who are likewise held the most ingenious, being lovers of Arts, and well skilled in Manufactures, by reason of which they have a good trade with Merchants, which come from several places. Sacae is very barren, and ill manured, and full of wild Desarts, Forrests, and Uninhabited places, by reason of which the Inhabitants remove their Herds of Cattle from place to place, where they can find best food for them. Sogdiana hath very rich Pastures, and watered with many good Rivers, which much conduces to its fertility; in which, as also in Zagathay, are several Towns and Cities; as 1. Jarchan. 2. Sachi. 3. Istigiaes. 4. Busdaschan. 5. Bachara: and 6. Pogansa, which last is seated on the Sea.
 TƲRQƲESTAN lies East from Ʋsbeck or Zagathay, West from Cathay, North from India, and South from True Tartary. It is subdivided into some Kingdoms, of which the best known are Castar, Cotam, Chialis, Ciartiam, Thibet, Chinchintalis, &c. A part of their chief Cities being of the same name. Some name Hiarchan instead of Cascar, and Turon or Turphan instead of Chialis, for the chief Cities of the Kingdom. That of Cascar is the richest, most fertil, and best cultivated of all: That of Ciartiam is esteemed the least, and all sandy, having in recompence many Jaspars and Cassidoines; but that of Cascar hath likewise excellent Rhubarb, and in great quantity. Those of Cotam and Chialis have Corn, Wine, Flax, Hemp, Cotton, &c. Thibet is more advanced towards the Mogolls of India, and the most engaged in the Mountains of Imaus, Caucasus, and Ʋssontes. It hath many wild Beasts, Musk, and Cinnamon; and they make use of Coral instead of Mony. The Relations which have been given in 1624 and 1626, have made this Estate so great and rich, that they would confound it with Cathay: but those of 1651 make the Region very cold, and always covered with Snow; esteeming its King wholly barbarous, and less powerful than him of Serenegar, who is only a Rahia in the Estates of the Great Mogoll: so little assurance is there in the most part of these Relations. The other places of note in Turquestan are, Camul, Turfan, Emil, Sark, Cassia, Andegen, Raofa, Cotain, Peim, Finegle, Lop, Ciartiam, Sazechiam, and Vociam; and in this part is the Lake of Kithay, which is 65 Leagues in length, and 40 in breadth.</blockquote>

Admin at 05:04, 29 December 2024

2024-12-29T05:04:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:04, 29 December 2024
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	=== 1652. Cosmographie in four bookes by Peter Heylyn. ===		=== 1652. Cosmographie in four bookes by Peter Heylyn. ===
	<blockquote>ZAGATHAY is bounded on the East, with the Mountain Imaus, by which it is parted from Cathay; on the North, with the main Scythick or Frozen Ocean; on the West, with Tartaria Deserta, from which separated by the River Soane, and the Lake of Kitay; and on the South, with the Caspian Sea, and the River Oxus, by which divided from the Empire of Persia. So called from Zigathay, a brother of one of the Great Chams, on whom it was conferred for his better maintenance; the Scythia intra montem Imaum, of the antient writers.		<blockquote>ZAGATHAY is bounded on the East, with the Mountain Imaus, by which it is parted from Cathay; on the North, with the main Scythick or Frozen Ocean; on the West, with [[Tartaria Deserta]], from which separated by the River Soane, and the Lake of Kitay; and on the South, with the Caspian Sea, and the River Oxus, by which divided from [[Persia\|the Empire of Persia]]. So called from Zigathay, a brother of one of the Great Chams, on whom it was conferred for his better maintenance; the Scythia intra montem Imaum, of the antient writers.

	The Countrey spreading out so far, on all sides; as before appeareth, comprehendeth all those Provinces and tracts of ground, which angiently were called		The Countrey spreading out so far, on all sides; as before appeareth, comprehendeth all those Provinces and tracts of ground, which angiently were called
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	Divided it was antiently into many Tribes, the Caratoe, and Comari, neer the River Jaxartes; the Massagetae, and Comedoe, neer the hills called Ascatanas; the Bylcae and Grynaei, more within the Country. All joined in one by the name of Sacae; and by that name made a very fortunate Progress into Armoniae (to which they had an easie passage by the Northern banks of the Caspian Sea) and therein gave name unto the Province called Sacasena. But proceeding into Cappadocia, and there slain by the Persians in the middest of their Feastings, they left there also some resemblance of their name, in an annuall festivall called Sarea, celebrated by the Persians in memoriall of their good success in the warre against them. Such as stayd here, being overcome by Cyrus the first Persian Monarch, did so good service to that Prince, that Amorges the King of these Sacoe, is said to have rescued him from the hands of the Scythians, by whom otherwise he had been slain, or taken Prisoner. In the declining of that Kingdome, they were subdued by Alexander at the end of his Scythian, and Sogdian warres; who hereabouts, by Cobortanes a noble Persian, was presented with a Bevy of beautifull Ladies, one of the which was that Barsine whom he made his wise, and had by her that Hercules, whom Polysperchon and his faction proclamed King of Macedon. Not memorable in the following times for any thing which they did or suffered; as they have been made by the opinion or mistake of others. Who building Castles in the Air, will needs derive the Saxons (our famous Ancestors) from this Originall: as if they were called Saxons, quasi Sacsonnes, or the sonnes of Sacae. A fancy in my poor conceit, of no ground at all. For either the number of these Sacae, when they left these parts, must be great, or little. I little, how can we conceive it possible they should force their way thorough those valiant Nations of both Sarmatias; who to the last maintained their liberties and estate against the Romans. If great enough to force their passage (for stout and provident Nations use not to give passage to great Armies, but they pay dear for it) how can we think it possible they should be shut up in a corner of Germany, betwixt the River Albis and the Cimbrick Chersonees. The Saxons then, whatsoever they were, were no sonnes of the Sacae; and what in likelihood they were hath been elsewhere shewn.		Divided it was antiently into many Tribes, the Caratoe, and Comari, neer the River Jaxartes; the Massagetae, and Comedoe, neer the hills called Ascatanas; the Bylcae and Grynaei, more within the Country. All joined in one by the name of Sacae; and by that name made a very fortunate Progress into Armoniae (to which they had an easie passage by the Northern banks of the Caspian Sea) and therein gave name unto the Province called Sacasena. But proceeding into Cappadocia, and there slain by the Persians in the middest of their Feastings, they left there also some resemblance of their name, in an annuall festivall called Sarea, celebrated by the Persians in memoriall of their good success in the warre against them. Such as stayd here, being overcome by Cyrus the first Persian Monarch, did so good service to that Prince, that Amorges the King of these Sacoe, is said to have rescued him from the hands of the Scythians, by whom otherwise he had been slain, or taken Prisoner. In the declining of that Kingdome, they were subdued by Alexander at the end of his Scythian, and Sogdian warres; who hereabouts, by Cobortanes a noble Persian, was presented with a Bevy of beautifull Ladies, one of the which was that Barsine whom he made his wise, and had by her that Hercules, whom Polysperchon and his faction proclamed King of Macedon. Not memorable in the following times for any thing which they did or suffered; as they have been made by the opinion or mistake of others. Who building Castles in the Air, will needs derive the Saxons (our famous Ancestors) from this Originall: as if they were called Saxons, quasi Sacsonnes, or the sonnes of Sacae. A fancy in my poor conceit, of no ground at all. For either the number of these Sacae, when they left these parts, must be great, or little. I little, how can we conceive it possible they should force their way thorough those valiant Nations of both Sarmatias; who to the last maintained their liberties and estate against the Romans. If great enough to force their passage (for stout and provident Nations use not to give passage to great Armies, but they pay dear for it) how can we think it possible they should be shut up in a corner of Germany, betwixt the River Albis and the Cimbrick Chersonees. The Saxons then, whatsoever they were, were no sonnes of the Sacae; and what in likelihood they were hath been elsewhere shewn.

	2. '''SOGDIANA''' hath on the East, the Sacoe; on the North and West, Zagathay specially so called; on the South, the River Oxus, parting it from Margiana. So called from a ~~cha in~~ of Mountains named Montes Sogdii, being the chief of all this Countrey, though of themselves a spurre or branch of the Mountain Caucasus.		2. '''SOGDIANA''' hath on the East, the Sacoe; on the North and West, Zagathay specially so called; on the South, the River Oxus, parting it from Margiana. So called from a chain of Mountains named Montes Sogdii, being the chief of all this Countrey, though of themselves a spurre or branch of the Mountain Caucasus.

	The Countrey indifferently fruitfull, and very rich in pasturage, because very well watered. For besides Oxus and Jaxartes, which are common unto them and others; they have many Rivers of their own. The principal of which, 1. Dymus, and 2. Araxates, both navigable and capable of very good ships; both also running down the hills with a headlong course, and passing thorough the champain Countrey, empty themselves at last in the lake called Oxiana; as is affirmed by Ammianus, but as Ptolomy faith, into Jaxartes.		The Countrey indifferently fruitfull, and very rich in pasturage, because very well watered. For besides Oxus and Jaxartes, which are common unto them and others; they have many Rivers of their own. The principal of which, 1. Dymus, and 2. Araxates, both navigable and capable of very good ships; both also running down the hills with a headlong course, and passing thorough the champain Countrey, empty themselves at last in the lake called Oxiana; as is affirmed by Ammianus, but as Ptolomy faith, into Jaxartes.
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	# Aspabota, the only Town ascribed by Ptolomy to this Countrey, and by him honoured with the title of Civitas.		# Aspabota, the only Town ascribed by Ptolomy to this Countrey, and by him honoured with the title of Civitas.
	# Zabaspia, of less antiquity, but of greater estimation at the present time. Situate on the mouth of the River Oxus (now called Abias) on the brink of the Caspian, and much frequented by the Merchants of forein Countreys, chiefly from India, and Cathay.		# Zabaspia, of less antiquity, but of greater estimation at the present time. Situate on the mouth of the River Oxus (now called Abias) on the brink of the Caspian, and much frequented by the Merchants of forein Countreys, chiefly from [[India]], and [[Cathay]].
	# Marachanda, antient, and of fame, but placed by Ptolomy, (why I know not) amongst the Cities of Bactria: differing herein from the common and received opinion of other Authors, by whom this City is affirmed to be on the North side of Oxus, and consequently not within that Province. Made good by Spitamenes, (who having delivered the Traitor Bessus into the hands of Alexander, revolted from him) against the Macedonian Army; by which besieged under the command Menedemus. But Menedemus being slain, with some of his Souldiers, Spitamenes escaped hence to Bactria, where he was slain by his own wife, and his head presented to the Conqueror. Here was it also that Alexander, being then Master of the Town, in a drunken fit slew his dear friend Clyt•us, who at the battel of Granicus had saved his life, by receiving a blow which was aimed at him. It was afterwards called Samarch and, the seat-Royall of Tamerlane, by whom enriched with all the spoils and treasures he got in the wars; there being brought hither from Damascus only (and by that one instance we may guess at the rest) 8000 Caemel• laden with the choicest moveables. Still the chief Residence of the Chams of Zagathay, but farr short of that magnificence which once it held.		# Marachanda, antient, and of fame, but placed by Ptolomy, (why I know not) amongst the Cities of Bactria: differing herein from the common and received opinion of other Authors, by whom this City is affirmed to be on the North side of Oxus, and consequently not within that Province. Made good by Spitamenes, (who having delivered the Traitor Bessus into the hands of Alexander, revolted from him) against the Macedonian Army; by which besieged under the command Menedemus. But Menedemus being slain, with some of his Souldiers, Spitamenes escaped hence to Bactria, where he was slain by his own wife, and his head presented to the Conqueror. Here was it also that Alexander, being then Master of the Town, in a drunken fit slew his dear friend Clyt•us, who at the battel of Granicus had saved his life, by receiving a blow which was aimed at him. It was afterwards called Samarch and, the seat-Royall of Tamerlane, by whom enriched with all the spoils and treasures he got in the wars; there being brought hither from Damascus only (and by that one instance we may guess at the rest) 8000 Caemel• laden with the choicest moveables. Still the chief Residence of the Chams of Zagathay, but farr short of that magnificence which once it held.
	# Bichend, of no Antiquity, nor of such great name as the Regall Samarchand, but at this time of greater wealth; situate somewhat in the midland, but populous, and a well-traded Town.		# Bichend, of no Antiquity, nor of such great name as the Regall Samarchand, but at this time of greater wealth; situate somewhat in the midland, but populous, and a well-traded Town.

Admin: Created page with " ==Etymology and other names== ==History== ==Geography== ==Demographics== ==Economy== ==Culture== ==Government== ==Military== ==Education== ==Transportation== ==Notable People== ==Sources from old books== === 1652. Cosmographie in four bookes by Peter Heylyn. ===
ZAGATHAY is bounded on the East, with the Mountain Imaus, by which it is parted from Cathay; on the North, with the main Scythick or Frozen Ocean; on the West, with Tartaria Deserta, from which sepa..."

2024-12-22T00:09:10Z

Created page with " ==Etymology and other names== ==History== ==Geography== ==Demographics== ==Economy== ==Culture== ==Government== ==Military== ==Education== ==Transportation== ==Notable People== ==Sources from old books== === 1652. Cosmographie in four bookes by Peter Heylyn. === <blockquote>ZAGATHAY is bounded on the East, with the Mountain Imaus, by which it is parted from Cathay; on the North, with the main Scythick or Frozen Ocean; on the West, with Tartaria Deserta, from which sepa..."

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← Older revision		Revision as of 08:34, 30 December 2024
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	=== 1652. Cosmographie in four bookes by Peter Heylyn. ===		=== 1652. Cosmographie in four bookes by Peter Heylyn. ===
	<blockquote>ZAGATHAY is bounded on the East, with the Mountain Imaus, by which it is parted from Cathay; on the North, with the main Scythick or Frozen Ocean; on the West, with [[Tartaria Deserta]], from which separated by the River Soane, and the Lake of Kitay; and on the South, with the Caspian Sea, and the River Oxus, by which divided from [[Persia\|the Empire of Persia]]. So called from Zigathay, a brother of one of the Great Chams, on whom it was conferred for his better maintenance; the Scythia intra montem Imaum, of the antient writers.		<blockquote>ZAGATHAY is bounded on the East, with the Mountain Imaus, by which it is parted from Cathay; on the North, with the main Scythick or Frozen Ocean; on the West, with [[Tartaria Deserta]], from which separated by the River Soane, and the Lake of Kitay; and on the South, with the Caspian Sea, and the River [[Oxus]], by which divided from [[Persia\|the Empire of Persia]]. So called from Zigathay, a brother of one of the Great Chams, on whom it was conferred for his better maintenance; the Scythia intra montem Imaum, of the antient writers.

	The Countrey spreading out so far, on all sides; as before appeareth, comprehendeth all those Provinces and tracts of ground, which angiently were called		The Countrey spreading out so far, on all sides; as before appeareth, comprehendeth all those Provinces and tracts of ground, which angiently were called
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	Divided it was antiently into many Tribes, the Caratoe, and Comari, neer the River Jaxartes; the Massagetae, and Comedoe, neer the hills called Ascatanas; the Bylcae and Grynaei, more within the Country. All joined in one by the name of Sacae; and by that name made a very fortunate Progress into Armoniae (to which they had an easie passage by the Northern banks of the Caspian Sea) and therein gave name unto the Province called Sacasena. But proceeding into Cappadocia, and there slain by the Persians in the middest of their Feastings, they left there also some resemblance of their name, in an annuall festivall called Sarea, celebrated by the Persians in memoriall of their good success in the warre against them. Such as stayd here, being overcome by Cyrus the first Persian Monarch, did so good service to that Prince, that Amorges the King of these Sacoe, is said to have rescued him from the hands of the Scythians, by whom otherwise he had been slain, or taken Prisoner. In the declining of that Kingdome, they were subdued by Alexander at the end of his Scythian, and Sogdian warres; who hereabouts, by Cobortanes a noble Persian, was presented with a Bevy of beautifull Ladies, one of the which was that Barsine whom he made his wise, and had by her that Hercules, whom Polysperchon and his faction proclamed King of Macedon. Not memorable in the following times for any thing which they did or suffered; as they have been made by the opinion or mistake of others. Who building Castles in the Air, will needs derive the Saxons (our famous Ancestors) from this Originall: as if they were called Saxons, quasi Sacsonnes, or the sonnes of Sacae. A fancy in my poor conceit, of no ground at all. For either the number of these Sacae, when they left these parts, must be great, or little. I little, how can we conceive it possible they should force their way thorough those valiant Nations of both Sarmatias; who to the last maintained their liberties and estate against the Romans. If great enough to force their passage (for stout and provident Nations use not to give passage to great Armies, but they pay dear for it) how can we think it possible they should be shut up in a corner of Germany, betwixt the River Albis and the Cimbrick Chersonees. The Saxons then, whatsoever they were, were no sonnes of the Sacae; and what in likelihood they were hath been elsewhere shewn.		Divided it was antiently into many Tribes, the Caratoe, and Comari, neer the River Jaxartes; the Massagetae, and Comedoe, neer the hills called Ascatanas; the Bylcae and Grynaei, more within the Country. All joined in one by the name of Sacae; and by that name made a very fortunate Progress into Armoniae (to which they had an easie passage by the Northern banks of the Caspian Sea) and therein gave name unto the Province called Sacasena. But proceeding into Cappadocia, and there slain by the Persians in the middest of their Feastings, they left there also some resemblance of their name, in an annuall festivall called Sarea, celebrated by the Persians in memoriall of their good success in the warre against them. Such as stayd here, being overcome by Cyrus the first Persian Monarch, did so good service to that Prince, that Amorges the King of these Sacoe, is said to have rescued him from the hands of the Scythians, by whom otherwise he had been slain, or taken Prisoner. In the declining of that Kingdome, they were subdued by Alexander at the end of his Scythian, and Sogdian warres; who hereabouts, by Cobortanes a noble Persian, was presented with a Bevy of beautifull Ladies, one of the which was that Barsine whom he made his wise, and had by her that Hercules, whom Polysperchon and his faction proclamed King of Macedon. Not memorable in the following times for any thing which they did or suffered; as they have been made by the opinion or mistake of others. Who building Castles in the Air, will needs derive the Saxons (our famous Ancestors) from this Originall: as if they were called Saxons, quasi Sacsonnes, or the sonnes of Sacae. A fancy in my poor conceit, of no ground at all. For either the number of these Sacae, when they left these parts, must be great, or little. I little, how can we conceive it possible they should force their way thorough those valiant Nations of both Sarmatias; who to the last maintained their liberties and estate against the Romans. If great enough to force their passage (for stout and provident Nations use not to give passage to great Armies, but they pay dear for it) how can we think it possible they should be shut up in a corner of Germany, betwixt the River Albis and the Cimbrick Chersonees. The Saxons then, whatsoever they were, were no sonnes of the Sacae; and what in likelihood they were hath been elsewhere shewn.

	2. '''SOGDIANA''' hath on the East, the Sacoe; on the North and West, Zagathay specially so called; on the South, the River Oxus, parting it from Margiana. So called from a chain of Mountains named Montes Sogdii, being the chief of all this Countrey, though of themselves a spurre or branch of the Mountain Caucasus.		2. '''SOGDIANA''' hath on the East, the Sacoe; on the North and West, Zagathay specially so called; on the South, the River [[Oxus]], parting it from Margiana. So called from a chain of Mountains named Montes Sogdii, being the chief of all this Countrey, though of themselves a spurre or branch of the Mountain Caucasus.

	The Countrey indifferently fruitfull, and very rich in pasturage, because very well watered. For besides Oxus and Jaxartes, which are common unto them and others; they have many Rivers of their own. The principal of which, 1. Dymus, and 2. Araxates, both navigable and capable of very good ships; both also running down the hills with a headlong course, and passing thorough the champain Countrey, empty themselves at last in the lake called Oxiana; as is affirmed by Ammianus, but as Ptolomy faith, into Jaxartes.		The Countrey indifferently fruitfull, and very rich in pasturage, because very well watered. For besides Oxus and Jaxartes, which are common unto them and others; they have many Rivers of their own. The principal of which, 1. Dymus, and 2. Araxates, both navigable and capable of very good ships; both also running down the hills with a headlong course, and passing thorough the champain Countrey, empty themselves at last in the lake called Oxiana; as is affirmed by Ammianus, but as Ptolomy faith, into Jaxartes.
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	# Cyroschata, more memorable, and not less antient, than any of those named before, by Qu. Curtius called Cyropolis, built by Cyrus, to fortifie his borders against the Scythians. It held out against the great Macedonian, a long time: and he himself comming nigher to the wells, than discretion would permit an ordinary Generall, had such a blow on the neck with a stone, that he fell to the ground, his eyes swimming in his head, and his whole Army giving him for slain. But reviving he took the Town by a mine, and levell'd it with the ground, in revenge of so great a danger.		# Cyroschata, more memorable, and not less antient, than any of those named before, by Qu. Curtius called Cyropolis, built by Cyrus, to fortifie his borders against the Scythians. It held out against the great Macedonian, a long time: and he himself comming nigher to the wells, than discretion would permit an ordinary Generall, had such a blow on the neck with a stone, that he fell to the ground, his eyes swimming in his head, and his whole Army giving him for slain. But reviving he took the Town by a mine, and levell'd it with the ground, in revenge of so great a danger.

	The antient Inhabitants hereof were the Oxydracoe, and Candari, dwelling at the foot of the Sogdian mountains; the Oxiani, and Cherasmii, neer the banks of Oxus; the Jasii, and Tachori, neer the River Jaxartes; the Drepsiani in the East parts bordering on the Sacoe; whose chief City was Drepsa: descended from their severall roots, but all called Sogdians. Conquered by Alexander, not without danger to his own person, as before was said, at the sollicitation of Spitamenes a noble Persian, it rebelled again. Who being suppressed, and the Countrey in some measure quieted, Arimazes, a native of the Province, renewed the war. Who followed with 30000 men, encamped upon the top of an hill, in a place of such notable advantage, that Alexander, neither by force nor fair words, could get him out of it. He therefore dealt with 300 of his youngest and most active men, on the promise of great reward, to climb the hill, and without any noise to shew themselves at the back of the Enemy. Which having performed with the loss of 30 of their company, Alexander sent one Cophes to Arimazes, to let him know that the whole Army of Macedon was at his back: who terrified with what he saw, more with what he feared, gave up the place, and was scourged and crucified for his labour. So necessary in the Art of warre-fare is a peece of wit. After this time, it ran the same alterations and change of fortunes, as the Persians did; till they were conquered by the Tartars, unto whom still subject.		The antient Inhabitants hereof were the Oxydracoe, and Candari, dwelling at the foot of the Sogdian mountains; the Oxiani, and Cherasmii, neer the banks of [[Oxus]]; the Jasii, and Tachori, neer the River Jaxartes; the Drepsiani in the East parts bordering on the Sacoe; whose chief City was Drepsa: descended from their severall roots, but all called Sogdians. Conquered by Alexander, not without danger to his own person, as before was said, at the sollicitation of Spitamenes a noble Persian, it rebelled again. Who being suppressed, and the Countrey in some measure quieted, Arimazes, a native of the Province, renewed the war. Who followed with 30000 men, encamped upon the top of an hill, in a place of such notable advantage, that Alexander, neither by force nor fair words, could get him out of it. He therefore dealt with 300 of his youngest and most active men, on the promise of great reward, to climb the hill, and without any noise to shew themselves at the back of the Enemy. Which having performed with the loss of 30 of their company, Alexander sent one Cophes to Arimazes, to let him know that the whole Army of Macedon was at his back: who terrified with what he saw, more with what he feared, gave up the place, and was scourged and crucified for his labour. So necessary in the Art of warre-fare is a peece of wit. After this time, it ran the same alterations and change of fortunes, as the Persians did; till they were conquered by the Tartars, unto whom still subject.

	3. '''ZAGATHAY''' specially so called, is bounded on the East, with Cathay; on the West, with Turchestan, and part of the Caspian Sea; on the North, with the Countrey of the Samoyeds, the Terra Incognita of the Antients; on the South, with the Sacae, and Sogdiana. Antiently part of Scythia intra montem Imaum, and took this new name from Zagathay, the first Prince hereof since the time of the Tartars.		3. '''ZAGATHAY''' specially so called, is bounded on the East, with Cathay; on the West, with Turchestan, and part of the Caspian Sea; on the North, with the Countrey of the Samoyeds, the Terra Incognita of the Antients; on the South, with the Sacae, and Sogdiana. Antiently part of Scythia intra montem Imaum, and took this new name from Zagathay, the first Prince hereof since the time of the Tartars.
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	# Daix, another River of good note, rising out of the mountain called Norosus, and falling with many others into Jaxartes; mixt with whose streams they are dischannelled in the Caspian Sea.		# Daix, another River of good note, rising out of the mountain called Norosus, and falling with many others into Jaxartes; mixt with whose streams they are dischannelled in the Caspian Sea.
	# Jartus, and		# Jartus, and
	# Polytimetas, falling into Oxus.		# Polytimetas, falling into [[Oxus]].

	Others there are whose names I find not in my Authors, descending from the mountains of this Northern Region, which are great and many. As viz.		Others there are whose names I find not in my Authors, descending from the mountains of this Northern Region, which are great and many. As viz.