Source:Bohun3

Retz, Radesia, a Dutchy in the County of Nantes in Bretagne in France; in the Borders of Poictou, at the Mouth of the River Loyre; the chief Town of which is Machecou, ten Leagues from Nantes to the North-West.

§ Revel, a Town in the Ʋpper Languedoc in France, in the Diocese of Lavaur: called anciently Bastida Vauri, and Rebellus by K. Philip le Bel, who caused it to be Walled.

Reutlingen, Reutlinga, a small City in the Province of Schwaben in Germany; within the Borders of the Dukedom of Wirtemburgh; made an Imperial Free Town in 1215, or as others say in 1240. It is of a square Form, built in a Plain; upon the River Eche•z, (which a League beneath it falls into the Necker) at the Foot of Mount Alchameck; one Mile from Stutgard, ten from Ʋlm, and five from Tubinghen. Under the Protection of the Duke of Wirtemburgh.

Reux, Rodium, a Town in Hainault; two Leagues from Monts to the East.

Reygate, a large Market and Borough Town in the County of Surrey. It stands in the Vale or Dale, called Holmes Dale; where Fullers Earth is digged up in abundance. Showing the ruins of an ancient Castle; and under ground a long Vault, with a spacious room at the end of it; said to be the secret Chamber in which the Barons met in Council in their War against K. John. The Danes fought several unsuccessful Battels near this Town. It is the Capital of its Hundred, and a Corporation represented in the Lower House of Parliament by two Burgesses.

Reyme, the present Name of Capernaum in Palestine.

Los Reyos. See Lima.

Rezan, the Capital City of a Dukedom in Moscovy; which was heretofore a Sovereign Principality of great extent. It stands thirty six Miles from Mosco to the South-East, and twelve from the Fountains of the Tanais arising within this Dukedom. It is an Episcopal City. The Province of Rezan lies between the Don and Occa; having on the West Moscovy, which is divided from it by the River Aka. It is the most fruitful Province in this Kingdom: besides the chief City, (which lies upon the Occa) it has Corsira and Tulla, upon a River of the same Name. Olearius.

Rhade, Rhaeda, an inland City of Arabia Foelix. Long. 83. 20. Lat. 14. 15.

Rhaiadergwy, a Market Town in the County of Radnor in Wales. The Capital of its Hundred.

Rhamnus, an ancient Town of Attica in Greece: Famous in its time for a Temple dedicated to the Goddess Nemesis; and an admirable Statue therein of her, made either by Phidias or Agoracritus a Scholar to Phidias. She therefore gained the Title of Rhamnus•a.

Rheine, Rhenus, a vast River in Germany, which is one of the greatest in Europe. Called by the Germans, das Rhyn; by the French, le Rheine; by the Poles, Rhen; and by the Spaniard, Rhin. Next the Danube, the greatest River in Germany. It springeth out of the Alpes in the Western Borders of Switzerland, and the Northern of the Grisons, (near the Fountains of the Rhosne, the Aar, and the Tesino) from two Fountains; the Northern of which is called Vorder Rhyn, the Further Rheine; the Southern, Hinder Rhyn, and lies more South. These being united into one Stream near Chur, it passeth into the Lake of Constance; and separating Schwaben from Switzerland, watereth Constance, and Schafhausen; then taking in the Aar, it passeth to Basil; and between Alsatia and Brisgow, by a Northern Course it runs to Newburgh, Brisach, and Strasbourgh: then taking in the Ill, it watereth Stolhoffen, Philipsburgh, and Spire; beneath which it admits the Necker at Manheim; and so proceeds to Wormes and Oppenheim. At Ments it is covered by a Bridge of Boats; and beneath it takes the Mayne, a great River: so by Ingelheim, hasteth to Trier; beneath which the Lohn and the Moselle come in at Coblentz, where there is another Bridge of Boats: so dividing the Dukedom of Monts from the Bishoprick of Cologne, it watereth Bonne, Cologne, and Duseldorp: at Duisdrop in the Dukedom of Cleves, the Roure; at Wesel, the Lippe comes in to augment his Stream: soon after in Guelderland, this Torrent grows too great for one Channel; and divides into two Branches, and forms the Island of Schenken. The lest or Southern Branch is called the Wael; which by Nimeguen, and Bommel goes to Worcum; above which the Maez out of Brabant comes in; at Dort it divides again, and forms the Isle of Yssel. The Northern Branch goes by Arnhem, Ʋtrecht, and Newport to Roterdam, and Vlaerding; where it unites with the Southern Branch; and both fall into the British Sea by the Briel. Above Arnhem there is another Branch, derived from the North Branch of the first Division: which by Doesburg▪ Zutphan, Deventer, Hatten and Campen, falls into the Zuyder Sea: this last Branch is called by the Dutch the Yssel. There can be nothing greater said of this River, than that it was for many Ages the Boundary of the Roman Empire.

Rheineberg, or Rhimb•rg, Rhenoberga, a City in the Bishoprick of Cologne; in the Borders of the Dukedom of Cleves, upon the Rhine; which is little, but very strong. Taken from the Spaniards by the Hollanders, in 1633: and continued under them till 1672; when it was taken by the French, and restored to the Elector of Cologne, the proper Owner. It stands two German Miles from Wesel to the South, and three from Guelders to the East.

Rheinfelden, or Rheinsfeld, is a small, but strong City of Germany: in the Province of Schwaben; which has a Bridge upon the Rheine; under the House of Austria. It lies about two Miles above Basil to the East. Often taken in the Swedish War, and suffered very much in 1678, by the French. Once a Free Imperial City; but in 1410. granted by Lewis of Bavaria, to the Archduke of Austria. Also the more famous for a Defeat of the Imperialists; and the taking of John de Wert, by the Duke Bernard Waymor, in 1638.

Rheinsfeld, a strong Castle upon the Rheine; above S. Gewer; in the County of Caltimeliboch, under the Landtgrave of Hesse. Built by one Dieter, a Count of this Country, in 1245: between Coblentz to the North, and Bingen to the South, in the Borders of the Bishoprick of Trier.

Rhene, Rhenia, Rhenica, Rhenis, one of the Islands called plurally 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 by the Greeks, and by Mariners corruptly Sdille. See Delos. At a distance it seems to make one Island with Delos: in the Aegean Sea, amongst the Cyclades.

Retimo, Rhetimo, Rhitymna, a City in the Isle of Candy or Creet, mentioned by Ptolemy; and called at this day by the Greeks, Rytimni. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Candia; has a large Harbor at the North end of the Island; and now strongly fortified. Taken from the Venetians, by the Turks, in 1646, under whom it is now; also the Capital of a County of the same name in that Island.

Rhiphaei Montes, the Mountains in the Province of Petzorcke, in the North of Moscovy: running towards Obdora and the River Oby, upon the Borders of the Asiatick Tartary: and called by the Russ, Ziemnoipoias, that is, the Girdle of the World in their Language.

Rhodope. See Rulla.

Rhoetia: This ancient Country, which some denominate the Western Illyricum, was of that extent, as to comprehend a part of what we now call the Circles of Schwaben, Bavaria, and Austria in Germany; the Country of the Grisons, and something of Switzerland. Of which the Grisons, who are more properly called the Alpine Rhoetians, are the only People at this day retaining the memory of its Name: where, as one remarks of their Country, you have Mountains of Pride and Valleys of Misery. See Grisons.

Rhosne, Rodanus, one of the most celebrated Rivers in France; called by the Germans Der Rogen; by the Fronch, Rhosne. It ariseth from a double Spring, in Mount de la Fourch; in the Borders of Switzerland; two German Miles from the Springs of the Rhein. And running Westward through Vallais (or Wallisserland), it divides that Tract; watering Sion, or Sitten, and Martinach, (the principal Places in it;) then entering the Lake of Lemane, it divides Savoy from Switzerland: five Leagues beneath Geneva (saith Baudrand), it burieth it self for some time in the Earth, as I have often seen. Then turning South, and dividing Savoy from Bugey, at Bellay it becomes great enough to bear a Boat; then turning West, and dividing Dauphiné from Bugey, at la Bresse it entertains the Ain; at Lyons it is covered by a Bridge of Stone, and improved by the Addition of the Saone, (a great River;) here turning South, it parts Lyonnis from Dauphiné; watereth Vienne and Condrieu; divides the Viverais from Dauphiné, and salutes Andasse: at S. Vallier, (over against Tournon) receives the Isere above Valence; beneath it the Erico, the Drome, and the Ardosche; at S. Esprit it is again covered by a noble Stone Bridge: so dividing Languedoc from Provence, and encreased by the Sorgue, it watereth Avignon, where there is a third Bridge: then receiving in the Durance, and the Gardon, and watering Beaucaire, at Arles it divides into two Branches. The Western Branch divides into two more; at last it falls into the Mediterrantan Sea by five Mouths: each of which has its proper Name; to wit, Gras du Midi, Gras de Paulet, Gras d' Enfer, Grand Gras, and Gras de Passon. Some adding thereto, Gras Neuf. Which Word Gras is understood to be taken from Antoninus's Gradus, where he speaks of the Entrance of the Rhosne into the Ocean. But there is no Town built upon any of them, of any note, beneath Arles; which stands about eight Miles into the Land. This is a rapid River.

Rian, Abravanus, a Lake and River in the South-West of Galloway in Scotland; of which Cambden saith, that they are exceeding full of Herrings and Stone-Fishes.

Richelieu, Richelaeum, a City in the Province of Poictou; built by the Cardinal of that Name, who was born here in 1585; and for some time under Lewis XIII. of France, governed that Kingdom as he pleased. Amongst other of his Actions, he built or rebuilt at least this place, to perpetuate the Memory of his Name and Family; and procured it to be honoured with the Title of a Dukedom. It stands four Miles from London to the East, five from Mirebeau, and one from Tours to the North-West. Now in a flourishing State.

Richensée, Verbigenus, a Lake in the Canton of Argow in Switzerland.

Richmont, a Place in Saintonge in France.

Richmond, a Town in Surrey, upon the Thames; between Kingston and London; heretofore called Shene, but by Henry VII named Richmond. There is an ancient Palace, or Royal House in it, belonging to the Kings of England; in which Edward III. died in 1377. Henry the Seventh rebuilt this Pile twice; it being burnt in his Reign; and afterwards he died here, April 22. 1409. Also Queen Elizabeth of blessed Memory, left this World in this place, March 24. 1602. And before her Ann, Daughter to the Emperor Charles V. and Wife to King Richard II; esteemed a very beautiful Lady. The Civil Wars in the Reign of King Charles I. left some of its effects upon this Palace. This Town stands pleasantly and healthfully, upon an easie Ascent; fair, large, well built, and well inhabited; in the Hundred of Kingston.

Rickmansworth, a Market Town in Hartfordshire, in the Hundred of Cashio, near the River Coln.

Ries, or Riez, Rejus, Rejensis Civitas, Albecum Rejorum Apollinarium, Colonia Rejorum, Civitas Regiensium, Rogium, a City in Provence in France; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Aix; from which it stands twelve Miles to the North-East, and six from Davignan to the North-West; eight from Sisteron to the South: little, but populous; built on a Hill by the River Auvestre, which falls into the Verdon. S. Hilary Bishop of Arles presided at a Council here in 439: in which Armentarius Bishop of Ambrun, ordained by two Bishops only without the Authority of the Metropolitan, was therefore reduced to the quality of a Chorepiscopus. In 1285. when Charles II. King of France was a Prisoner in the hands of the Arragonese, another Council here assembled passed a Canon to command publick Prayers to be made for his Deliverance.

Rieti, Reate, a City in the Ecclesiastical State in Italy, in the Province of Ʋmbria; which is a Bishops See, immediately under the Pope; upon the River Velino, in the Borders of the Kingdom of Naples; between Aquila to the East, and Narni West: twenty eight Miles from each, and forty from Rome to the South. Tho this City stands in a bad and unhealthful Air, yet it is populous, in a thriving State; and of great Antiquity, being mentioned by Strabo, Ptolemy, and Pliny.

Rieux, Ruesium, Rivi, a small City in the Upper Languedoc; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tolouse; upon the Garonne (where it takes in the Rize), in the Borders of Gascony: seven Leagues from Tolouse to the South, eight from de Foix to the South-West, and eight from Lyons to the South-East. Made a Bishops See by Pope John XXII. in 1318, having been heretofore inclosed in the Diocese of Tolouse. § There is a Seigniory in Bretagne, called also Rieux, which gives name to a Family of Honor there.

Rigi, Volerius, a River in the Island of Corsica.

Rignano, Arinianum, a Town belonging to the Falisci, an ancient People of Hetruria; which is now only a Castle, in S. Peters Patrimony, on an Hill; one Mile from the Tiber, and twenty one from Rome to the North. It is honored with the Title of a Dukedom, tho there are but few Inhabitants in it.

Rille, Risela, a small River in Normandy; which arising by Seez, and flowing North, watereth Aigle, Rugles, Lyre; and at Beaumont le Roger, takes in the Charante; and separating Lisieux from the County of Roanois, falls into the Seyne, above Honfleur; three Leagues to the East.

Ringwood, a Market Town in Hampshire, upon the River Avon. The Capital of its Hundred.

Rio Grande, a vast and rapid River in Castile d'Or in South America; made by the Conjunction of Rio Cauca or Rio grande de Santa Martha, (which ariseth in the Province of Popayan in the Terra sirma: with the Rio grande de la Madalena, which springs out of the new Kingdom of Granada) having this name given it by the Spaniards, because they discovered the mouth of it upon S. Magdalen's Day: as the other, that of Santa Martha, from its flowing along the Province of the same name These two Rivers unite in one Channel near the City Teneriffa in the Province of S. Martha; falling afterwards into the North Sea. § Also a Government in Brasil.

Rioga, Rivogia, a Province in Spain, which was a part of Navarre, but now annexed to Old Castile: it is divided from Alava, by the Douro; and lies between Old Castile and Navarre. The principal Towns of which are Calzada, Legrono, Najara, and Belorado.

Riom, Riomum, Ricomagum, a City in the Lower Auvergne in France; two Leagues from Clermont to the North: in a flourishing State. The Capital of Auvergne: adorned with a College of Oratorians of the Foundation of Lewis XIV. an antient Abbey built in the beginning of the seventh Century, two Hospitals, and divers Churches and religious Communities. Genebrard, and Sirmondus the learned Jesuit, were produced by this Place.

Ripa de Transona, a small but elegant City in the Marquisate of Ancona; under the Pope: and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Fermo. It stands five Miles from the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea, the same from the Borders of the Kingdom of Naples, and ten from Fermo. Pope Pius V. made it a Bishops See in 1571.

Ripaille, a Town in Savoy, upon the Lake of Geneva.

Ripen, Ripa, a City in the Kingdom of Denmark, in South Jutland; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Lunden: and has a convenient Harbor upon the German Ocean, at the Mouth of the River Nipsick; and a Fortress; five Miles from Hadersleben to the West, and eight from Flensburgh to the South-West. This Bishoprick was founded by Balatand King of Denmark, in 950. Christopher I. King of Denmark, died here in 1259. The City was taken by the Swedes in 1645: but since recovered by the Danes.

Ripley, a Market Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire, in the Hundred of Claro, upon the River Nyd.

Rippon, Rhidogunum, a Town in Yorkshire in the West Riding, in the Hundred of Claro, of good Antiquity; near the Youre, over which it has a Bridge. Adorned with a Collegiate Church, with three lofty Spires; and antiently with a stately Monastery built by Wilfride Archbishop of York, till the Danes destroy'd it with the Town. Yet Odo Archbishop of Canterbury repaired it again, and translated the Reliques of the holy Founder to Canterbury. There is a narrow hole in a Vault under ground in the Church, called S. Wilfride's Needle. It is one of the best Towns in the County, well inhabited, and of note particularly for making good Spurs. Having the Privilege to be a Corporation also, represented by two Members in the House of Commons.

Risano, Formio, a River of Carniola; the upper part of which is called by the Germans, Alben; the lower by the Italians, Risano. It springeth out of the Alpes from Mount Ocra, in Carniola; towards the Lake of Lugea, or Czirknitzerzee; and flowing Westward through Istria, falls by the Bay of Trieste into the Adriatick Sea; six Miles from Trieste, and two North of Capo di Istria.

Risano, Rhizana, a City of Dalmatia, mentioned by Ptolemy, Pliny, and Polybius: which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Raguza; under the Dominion of the Turks: and accordingly much depopulated and ruined. It stands forty Miles from Raguza towards Scodra; from which, thirty. Long. 45. 15. Lat. 42. 00.

Risborough, a Market Town in Buckinghamshire, in the Hundred of Aylesbury.

Risenbergh, a Mountain in the Eastern parts of Bohemia, out of which the Elbe springeth.

Rivadava, or Rivadeo, a City of Gallicia in Spain, called by the French, Rivedieu: it stands upon the Bay of Biscay, in the Borders of Asturia; at the bottom of an Hill, and the Mouth of the River Navius; which affords it the convenience of a Port: fourteen Spanish Leagues from Oviedo to the West, and four from Mondonedo.

Rivera di Genoua, Liguria Littorea, is a Country in Italy: bounded on the West by the Maritime Alpes, (by which it is divided from France;) on the East by the River Magra, (by which it is divided from Hetruria, or Tuscany;) on the North by the Apennine; and on the South by the Mediterranean Sea, here called the Ligurian Sea. In the middle of it stands the City of Genoua, which divides it into the Eastern and Western. This is now under the States of Genoua; by whom a great part of the Western Division is destinated more to pleasure than profit: the rich Genoueses having filled it with Country-Houses, where they spend the pleasant time of the Summer and Autumn in noble Palaces, and delightful Gardens. The Eastern Division supplies them with as much Wine as they need, and an extraordinary plenty of good Oil. The principal Place in the Western is Aranza; once an inconsiderable Village; lately a Place of great Trade and Wealth, having sixty Sail of Ships trading into all parts of the World: but their Shipping is now declining. The principal Place in the Eastern, is Sarazana; a Town of great strength.

Rivoli, Rivolium, a small Town in Piedmont, called by the French, Rivoles. It stands upon the River Doria; eight Miles from Turin to the West: and has one of the most sumptuous Castles in Piedmont.

Roane, or Rovane, Rhodumna, an ancient Town in France, in the Dukedom of Bourbonne, and the County of Foretz, upon the River Loyre, (where it becomes first capable to bear a Boat:) Very great and populous, tho not walled. It stands twelve Leagues from Lyons to the South-West, and eighteen from Moulins. The Territory belonging to it, is called le Roanez or Roannois; and has the Honor of being a Dukedom, by the Creation of King Charles IX.

Rober, Erubris, a River in Lorain, which falls by Trier into the Moselle.

Robil, Robel, Rebellio, a City or Town in the Dukedom of Mecklenburgh; in the Lower Saxony, by the Lake of Muritz, in the Borders of Brandenburgh: two German Miles from Var, and seven from Gustro.

Robogh, a Village in the County of Tyron; upon the Sea Shoar against Scotland, in the Province of Ʋlster; which has preserved the memory of the Rhobogdii, (an old Irish Clan,) that possessed the Counties of Antrim, Colran, and Tyrone, in this Province; from whom that Cape now called the Fair Foreland; by the English, was then called Rhobodium; being in the County of Antrim, scarce fifteen Miles South of the nearest Shoar of Scotland.

Rocca Nova, a Town in the Terra di Otranto, in the Kingdom of Naples; honoured with the Title of a Dukedom.

Rocca Romana, a Town in the Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples, near Alifa: honored with the Title of a Principality.

Rochdale, a Market Town in Lancashire, in the Hundred of Salford, upon the River Roche; in a Dale or Vale; which together compound its name.

La Roche, Rupes, a Town in the Territory of Genevois, in Savoy; five or six Leagues from Geneva, little less from Anneci, and one from the River Arve: at the foot of the Mountains. It hath a Collegiate Church, and two Religious Houses.

Roche-chouart, a Seigniory in the Province of Poictou, towards the Borders of Angoumois; giving name to a Family of Honour.

La Roche-En-Ardenne, a fortified Town in the Dukedom of Luxemburgh in the Low Countries, upon the River Ʋrt; twelve Leagues from Luxemburgh and nine from Liege. Honour'd with the Title of an Earldom.

Rochefort, a Town and Port at the Mouth of the Charante, in the Pais d'Aunis in France: Heretofore no more than a Village; but now become a Magazine, enlarged with divers Buildings; and more daily.

La Roche-sur-Yon, Rupes ad Yonem, a Town in the Lower Poictou in France, towards Lusson; upon the River Yon, which after joyns with the Lay. Honoured some Ages since with the Title of a Principality; which is enjoyed by the House of Bourbon.

Rochester, Rossa, Durobius, Dorobrevis, Rutupiae, a City in the County of Kent; and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Canterbury; upon the Medway; over which it has a stately Stone Bridge, one of the fairest in England; five Miles from the Thames, twenty five from Canterbury to the East, and London to the West. This was a Roman Town, or rather Castle, as William of Malmsbury stiles it: much enlarged to the East, West, and South. In 676. it was ruined by Aetheldred King of the Mercians; and after this, several times by the Danes. Aethelbert King of Kent erected here a sumptuous Church; and caused one Justus to be made the first Bishop of it in 604. Gundulphus the Norman, about 1080. rebuilt this Church, and brought in Monks; which are since changed into a Dean and six Prebendaries. It has a Castle built by William the Conqueror which in the Reign of William Rufus, (and twice after in the Barons Wars) has been besieged. Dr. Sprat, the present Bishop, is the eighty third of this Diocese. Charles II. added an Honor to this Place; when he created Henry Viscount Wilmot of Athlone in Ireland, Baron of Alderbury in the County of Oxon, and Earl of Rochester, December 13. 1652. Whose Son, John Wilmot, succeeded him in 1659. Which Family failing, Laurence Hide, (second Son to Sir Edward Hide, Earl of Clarendon, and Lord Chancellor of England) was by the same Prince created Earl of Rochester, November 29. 1682. But before these, it gave the Title of Viscount to Sir Robert Carr, created Anno 1611. by K. James I. Viscount Rochester, and afterwards Earl of Somerset.

Rochford, a Market Town in the County of Essex. The Capital of its Hundred.

Rochitzerbergh, Claudius, a Mountain in Stiria, called by various names.

Rockingham, a Market Town in Northamptonshire, in the Hundred of Corby, upon the River Weland: giving the Title of Baron to the Right Honorable Edward Watson Lord Rockingham, to whom belongs the Castle here; which hath lost its strength long since.

Rocroy, Rupes Regia, a strong Town in Champagne, in Retelois; in the Borders of Hainault; twelve Leagues from Retel to the North, four from Mariebourgh to the South. Near this Place the Spaniards received a great Defeat from the French, under the Duke D'Anguien May 19. 1643. six days after the death of Lewis XIII. King of France. But afterward the Spaniards took this Town, under the Prince of Conde's Conduct, in 1653. It is since returned under the Crown of France.

Rodaun, Erodanus, a River in Prussia in Poland; which riseth out of a Lake twenty five Miles above Dantzick; and falling into the Vistula not much above this City, a little beneath it enters the Baltick Sea.

Roden, a small River in Shropshire.

Rodez, or Rhodes, Segodunum, Rhuteni, Rutenae, Segodunum Retunorum, a City of Aquitain; the Capital of the County of Rovergne, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Bourges: The Bishop takes the Title of an Earl: a great and beautiful City, seated upon the River Veronium; fifteen Leagues from Mende to the West, thirty two from Narbone to the North, and twenty two from Cahors to the East. A very ancient City, and mentioned by Julius Caesar. The Goths, Saracens, and Franks successively ruined it in their times. It served heretofore under its own Counts: till it became united with the Crown of France in the Person of Henry IV.

Roding, a Stream in the County of Essex.

Roer, Rura, in Trithemius Rera, Adrana, a River of Germany; called by the French, Roure. It ariseth in Eifel, in the Dukedom of Juliers; and watering Juliers and Linnich, at Roermonde it falls into the Maes.

Roermonde, Ruremunda, a City of the Low Countries, in the Province of Guelderland: called by the French, Ruremonde. It stands upon a River of the same name, and the Maes; having the first to the South of it, the second to the West: three Leagues from Venlo to the South, twelve from Liege to the North, Cologne to the West, and Wesel to the East. Made a Bishops See by Pope Paul IV. under the Archbishop of Mechlin in 1559, (he changing its Collegiate Church into a Cathedral); and was an Hanse Town till 1635: when it fell into the Hands of the Hollanders, from whom it is since recovered by the Spaniards. In 1665. it suffered much by a Fire.

Rohaczow, Rohaczovia, a considerable Town; the Capital of a Territory of the same name in Lithuania; upon the Nieper, where it takes in the Odrucz; twenty Polish Miles from Mohilow to the South, and forty from Kiovia to the North.

Roham-Thaura, Antitaurus, a Mountain in the Lesser Armenia; which lies to the North of the Great Taurus; between the Euphrates and the Arsanius: separated from the said great Mountain, and therefore by the Ancients called Antitaurus. In the Valleys beneath it stands the City of Comdna, now called Tabachasa.

Roia, Rodium, a City of France, in the Province of Picardy; upon the River Auvergne, in the Territory of Santerre; four Leagues from Noyon to the West, nine from Amiens, and seven from Compeigne to the North. A small City, but populous.

Roll-rich-stones, a Monument of vast unwrought Stones, circularly set, near Ensham in Oxfordshire: supposed to have been erected in Commemoration of some great Victory in ancient Times.

Rom, one of the Names of the Lesser Asia.

Rom, Roma, a small Island in the Baltick Sea; upon the Coast of the Dukedom of Sleswick, about two English Miles from the Shoar: under the King of Denmark.

Romania, Argia, the Eastern Province of the Morea; the Capital of which is Napoli di Romania. The other Places are of small importance.

Romans, Romantium, Romanis, a spruce fine City in Dauphine in France; seated in a pleasant Plain upon the River Iseure; over which it has a Bridge; four Leagues from Valence to the South-East, toward Grenoble ten Miles, and the same distance from Vienne to the South. It is thought to represent Jerusalem in its Situation and Figure; insomuch that in 1520. there was a Building added to it, made in the fashion of the Holy Sepulchre that stands upon Mount Calvary; Francis I. King of France himself laying the first Stone: And also a Convent founded, under the Name of the House of Mount Calvary; now in the possession of the Recollects, but first given to the Religious of the Order of S. Francis. The Huguenots sacked and ruined this City in 1562. It has been often taken and retaken in the Civil Wars.

Rome, Roma, a small Island in the Kingdom of Congo, in the River Zaire; twenty Leagues from its Fall into the Ocean; in which there was some few years since a French Colony.

Romechi, the Turkish Name of Greece.

Le Romois, the Territory of the City of Roan; beyond the Seyne, in Normandy.

Romont, Rotundus Mons, a small County in the Province of Vaac or Vaud; which was under the Duke of Savoy, but now a part of the Canton of Freiburg.

Roncevaux, a Town in Navarre, where the French received a great Defeat under Charlemagne in 792.

Ronches, Aronches, Arunci, once a City of Lusitania; now a small, but strong Town in the Province of Extremadura; between the Rivers of Caja and Elva; three Leagues from Albuquerque to the West.

Ronciglione, Roncilio, a Town in S Peter's Patrimony; the Capital of a Territory of the same Name, seated upon the River Fatiscus: thirty Miles from Rome, and ten from Viterbo; heretofore under the Dukes of Parma, but now under the Pope; and the Territory belonging to it, is called Lo Stato di Ronciglione.

Ronda, Arunda, an ancient City in Spain; called also Ronda la Vieja; in the Kingdom of Granada in the Borders of Andalusia, upon the River Guadiaro; not far from the Goza and the Guadalqua Virejo; twelve Leagues from Gibralter to the North, and thirteen from Malaga to the West; it has a Castle, and is the Capital of a Territory; and in a thriving State. Long. 15. 00. Lat. 36. 10.

Roni, Paphlagonia, a Province in the Lesser Asia.

Roschild, Roschilda, a City in the Island of Zeland, in the Baltick Sea, under the King of Denmark; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Lunden; and ennobled by the Bones of the Kings of Denmark here buried. Often mentioned also on the account of a Peace here concluded between the Danes and Swedes in 1658. It stands four German Miles from Koppenhagen to the West, and seventy five from Kroonburg to the South-East. The Bishoprick was founded by Sweno King of Denmark, in 1012.

Roscomen, Roscomenum, a Town and County in the Province of Conaught. The County is bounded on the North by the Curlew Mountains, dividing it from Slego; on the East by the River Shannon, dividing it from the Counties of Lotrim, Longford, West-Meath, and Kings County; on the South by Kings County and Galloway; and on the West by the River Suck, which parts it from Galloway and Mayo. It is of a considerable length; viz. sixty English Miles from North to South, but not above nineteen where broadest; the Soil is level and extremely fruitful; so that it abounds with Grass and Corn, produced by very little Husbandry. Roscomen, the principal Town (which gives name to it,) stands upon the River Suck; towards the Western Border, but near the middle of the County; twelve Miles from Athlone to the North-West, and thirty three from Galway to the North-East.

Rosas, Rhoda, Rhode, Rodopolis, once a City, now only a Castle, and a small Town in the County of Roussillon in Catalonia in Spain; which has a large Harbour on the Mediterranean Sea; very strongly and well fortified: taken by the French in 1645. but restored by the Pyrenean Treaty to Spain. It stands ten Spanish Leagues from Perpignan to the South. This place was first fortified by Charles V. before which, it was only a Monastery; though in the time of the Romans, it had been one of the most considerable Cities in Spain; supposed to have been built by the Rhodians, before the Romans were Masters of this Kingdom; and from them to have taken this name.

Rosetto, Metelis, a City of Egypt; called by the Turks Raschit; by the Italians Rosetto: it stands with a Port upon the Mediterranean Sea, upon the Mouth of that Branch of the Nile, which was anciently called Canopicum; now one of the principal Cities of that Kingdom. Monsieur Thevenot, who travelled from Alexandria hither, tells us, that it is sixty short Miles. This City, saith he, was anciently called Canopus; it lies five Miles up the River from the Sea; and is next to Cairo, one of the best Cities in Egypt; and still encreasing; being a place of great Traffick, very pleasant, surrounded by lovely Gardens, and full of well-built tall Houses; and in which there is great plenty of Victuals very cheap; but in the Months of July and August, they have none but Cistern-waters to drink. Many pieces of ancient Money have been found in the Sand betwixt Alexandria and this City. The Country about it yields Sugar-Canes in plenty. Long. 60. 45. Lat. 31. 6.

Roseveque, a small Town in Flanders; famous for a Battel, which Charles V. won against the Rebellious Gante-men; of whom were slain forty thousand, and their General Philip d' Artevill taken and hanged.

Rosieme, Rosima, a City in Poland; the Capital of Samogithia, upon the River Dubissa; twelve Polish Miles from Corona to the North, thirty from Riga to the South, and twenty seven from Vilna to the West; this place is little and ill peopled. Baudrand writes Rosienie.

Ros•, Russia, a County in the North of Scotland; bounded on the North by Naverina and Sutherland, on the South by Murray and Abria, on the East by the German, and on the West by the Irish Sea. Charles I. was Earl of this County in the Life of his Father.

Rossano, Roscianum, Ruscianum, a City in the Hither Calabria, in the Kingdom of Naples; which is an Archbishops See, and a Principality; built upon a Rock, incompassed on all sides by Rocks; and seated scarce three Miles from the Shoars of the Bay of Taranto; sixteen from Bisignano to the East; thirty five from Cosenza to the South-East, and twelve from Thurium to the South; which last, being an old City, was formerly the Bishops See. This Place is great, well peopled, and was the Birth-place of Pope John VII.

Rosse, Rossa, a Town anciently in the Province of Mounster in the County of Cork; and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Cashell; it stands upon the British Channel, at the Mouth of a small River called Fin; thirty Miles from Cork to the South-West, and twenty two from Kinsale to the West. The Bishops See in 1618. was united to that of Cork; the Town being reduced to a meer Village. § There is a Market Town of this name in Herefordshire, in the the Hundred of Greytree, upon the River Wyc.

Rossetto. See Rosetto.

Rossillon, Ruscinonensis Comitatus, a County of Catalonia, called by the French Roussillon, by the Spaniards Rossillon: bounded on the East by the Mediterranean Sea, on the North by Languedoc, on the West by Ceretania, and on the South by Catalonia: The Capital of it is Perpignan. There are besides in it Leucate, Villa Franca, Rodes, E•na, and some other Places of note; it extending from East to West eighteen Spanish Leagues. This Country was anciently a part of Gallia Narbonensis; annexed to Spain in the Times of the Goths: had then Earls, which were Sovereign Princes of it; and on the Death of Gerard the last of them, under Alphonsus II. added to Arragon. By James I. annexed to the Kingdom of Majorca; and recovered back again to that Crown by Pedro IV. By King John II. sold to Lewis XI. of France, in 1462. and by Charles VIII. of France, returned back freely to Ferdinando, on condition he should not obstruct his Conquest of the Kingdom of Naples in 1493. It continued under that Crown till 1659. when Lewis XIII. retook it by his Arms. and had the Possession confirmed by the Pyrenean Treaty. There are three considerable Rivers watering it, the Tet, the Tech, and the Egli.

Rostock, Rostocium, Rostochium, Raciburgum, Rhodopolis, Rosarum or Rosarium Ʋrbs, a City in the Lower Saxony upon the Baltick Sea; in the Dukedom of Meckleburg in Germany: which is a Free Imperial City, and has an Harbour made by the River Warna, on which it stands eight Miles from Wisemar to the East, and eleven from Stralsundt to the West. It is under the Protection of the Dukes of Meckleburg, by whose Ancestors it was built about 329. and walled by another about 1160. Its Ancient Name was Rostzoch or Rotzoch, which signifies a Miry Ground. Ericus King of Denmark conquered this Territory about 1286. Christopher III. his Successor in 1322. restored it to the Duke of Meckleburg. Waldemarus IV. granted this City and its Territory to Albert Duke of Meckleburg, in 1360. A•bert another Duke in 1416. founded an University here, which was opened three years after. It is about five Miles in compass, and almost equal to Lubeck. A Sedition arising in this City in 1573. against the Duke, he entred it in Arms, and treated the Senate with great severity. In 1629. it was with the whole Dutchy of Mecklenburg taken by the Imperialists: out of whose hands it was recovered by the Swedes, Octob. 16. 1631. Long. 34. 20. Lat. 54 20.

Rotenburg, Rotenburgum, a City of Franconia in Germany, upon the River Tauber; ni•e German Miles from Norimburg to the West, and a little more from Wurtsburg to the South. Made a Free Imperial City by Frederick Lin 1163. There is another Town of the same name in Schwaben, upon the Neckar: one Mile from Tubingen to the West, which is under the Emperor.

Roterdam, Roterdamum, a great, strong, rich, polous City; the Capitalos the Province of Schielandt, and one of the most celebrated Sea-Ports in Holland. It stands on the North side of the middle Branch of the Rhine; four German Miles and an half from the Sea, and eight from Amsterdam to the South-West. Trithemius saith, it was built in 89. by Ratherius the twentieth King of the Franks. Erasmus, the great Restorer of Learning, was born in this City. They have taken care to preserve the memory of it by an Inscription let upon the House; and placed his Statue on the Bridge besides: which was erected in 1564 and very injuriously treated by the Spaniards in 1572. The greatest convenience of this Town is. that Ships of great Burthen are taken into the middle of many of the Streets without difficulty; their Channels being deep and large. It was small, when the Spaniards were ejected; and therefore not mentioned as to the time of its conjunction with the States.

Rother, a River which ariseth in Sussex; and passing between it and Kent, falls into the British Sea at Rie. A•pledore in Kent is seated upon it: And Ox•ey-Isle, encompassed with it.

Rotherham, a Market Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire, and the Hundred of Strafford; upon the River Dun, over which it hath a fine Stone Bridge. Of note, for giving Name and Birth to Themas of Rotheram, Archbishop of York, one of the Founders of Lincoln College in Oxon: who expressed his kindness to this Town by founding likewise a College in it; with three Schools for Grammar, Writing and Musick.

Rothsaye, a Castle in an Island in Dunbritton Fyrth or Bay on the West of Scotland; which has annexed to it the Title of a Dukedom; and belonged heretofore to the Prince, or Eldest Son of the King of Scotland. It is said, the Royal Family of the Steuarts came at first from this Castle; which was their most ancient Seat.

Rothwell, or Rowell, a Market Town in Northampto•shire. The Capital of its Hundred.

Rota, Ebora, a Castle in Andalusia, upon the Bay of Cadiz; at the Mouth of the River Quadalquivir; three Leagues from Cadiz to the North; mentioned by Strabo, Mela and Stephanus, as one of the Cities in that part of Spain.

Rotta, Rutuba, a small River in Liguria in Italy; which riseth out of the Appennine; and flowing through the County of Nizza, and dividing it from the States of Genoua, falls into the Mediterranean Sea at Vintimiglia.

Rotwyl, or Rotweil, Rubea villa, Rotevilla, a small, but Imperial and Free City in Schwaben in Germany; upon the Necker, under Mount Abenow; from which it stands three Leagues to the South, ten from Brisach to the East, and six from Schafhouse to the North. In this City Conrad III. Duke of Schwaben, in 1147. instituted a Chamber of Justice for that whole Dutchy. It has its Name from Rott a German word, which signifies a Troop; built at first on the opposite side of the Necker; and removed to the place it now stands in, upon the account of frequent Inundations. In 1643. it was taken by the French. Monsieur Guebrande, the French General, died in the City soon after of the Wounds he had received in the Siege; by the Treaty of Munster it was restored to its former state, and is united now with the Swiss Cantons for its Preservation.

Roucy, a Town of France in Champagne, upon the River Aisne: giving its Name and the Title of Earl to an Honourable and Ancient Family there.

Rouen. See Roan.

Rovergue, Rutenensis Provincia, a Province in France, under the Generalite of Gascony: bounded on the South by Languedoc, on the East by Givaudan, on the North by Auvergne, and on the West by Quercy; the Capital City of it, is Rodez; Ville Franche de Rovergue, is another principal place. Caesar and Lucan mention its old Inhabitants by the Name of Rutheni. The Riches of it consist in Cattel and Wooll, Mines of Iron, Brass, Allum, Brimstone, &c. It is watered by the Tarn, the Lot, the Aveiron, &c.

Rovigo, Rhodigium, a small City in Italy; heretofore under the Dukes of Ferrara, but now under the Republick of Venice; and the Residence of the Bishop of Adria; from which it stands twenty Miles to the West, and twenty five from Ferrara to the North, the same from Padoua to the South. The Learned Caelius Rhodiginus was a Native of this City. It is the Capital of Rovigno, a small Province in Lombardy, surrounded by the River Adige: which was anciently a part of Romandiola; but in 1500. in the disorders of Italy seized by the Venetians.

Rousillon. See Rosillon.

Roxburg, Marchenium or Marchidun, a strong Castle, both by its Situation and Art; seated upon the Twede, (where it receives the Trefe) almost twenty English Miles from Berwick to the West. James II. of Scotland, a •rince of great Virtue and Goodness, was slain at the Siege of this Place by one of his own Cannon, which accidentally broke in firing it against the Castle, in 1459. The next year the Castle was surrendred to the Scots; who intirely ruined it, in revenge of the Death of their Prince; so that it can searce now be seen where it sto•d.

Royan, Royanum, a Town in Saintonge, at the Mouth of the Garonne; heretofore strongly fortified.

Royaumont, an Abbey in the Government of the Isle of France, eight Leagues from Paris, towards the River Oise: which in 14•9. suffered much by Thunder and Lightning.

Roye, a considerable Town in Picardy: adorned with a Collegiate Church, and some Religious Houses: upon one of the Sources of the Moreuil. It gives Name to an Honourable Family also.

Royston, a Market Town, divided betwixt Cambridgeshire and Hartfordshire: at the bottom of an Hill, in the Hundred of Odsey.

Rubicon. See Pisatello, the Modern Name.

Rudolfswerd, Rudolphi-verda, a new and very strong City in the Borders of Carniola, upon the River Gurk; three Miles from the Save to the South, six from Cell, and five from Carolstadt to the West.

Ruffach, Rubeacum, a small City in the Ʋpper Alsatia, in the Territory of Mundat, upon the River Rottback: once an Imperial and Free City: but taken by Turene, in 1675. after a great Defeat of the Imperialists; and now under the Bishop of Strasburg. It is one of the ancientest Towns in Alsatia; and was for the rare fertility of its Soil, (for five hundred years) the Seat of some of the Roman Nobility. Conradus Pellicanus was born in this City. It stands three Miles from Brisach to the West, and two from Mulhuse to the North.

Ruffec, Rufeacum, Roffiacum, a small Town in the Diocese of Poictiers five or six Leagues from Angoulesme, in France: pleasantly situated; and honor'd with the Title of a Marquisate. Pope Clement V. before his elevation to the Pontificate presided at a Council here in 1304. There have been others celebrated at it in other times.

Rugby, a Market Town in Warwickshire, in the Hundred of Knightlow, upon the River Avon.

Rugen, Rugenlandt, Rugia, an Island in the Baltick Sea, upon the Coast of Pomerania; which has the Title of a Principality; about seven German Miles square; but the Sea breaks in and covers a considerable part of the middle of it from the West, and almost divides it into several Islands. This was caused by an Outragious Tempest in 1309. A part of this Island at the same time, which lay to the South-East as far as the Isle of Ruden (then conjoyned with this,) was torn away; and sunk so deep into the bottom of the Sea, that the greatest Ships may Sail over it: what remains, affords Corn and Cattle in great plenty; serving as a granary to the parts adjacent. The best Town in it is Bergen: the others of note are Sogart, Hick, and Bingst. This Island is able to Arm about seven thousand Men in case of necessity. About 1066. it was subject to Buthen, Son of Godescalck King of the Heruli. Christopher II. King of Denmark, in 1322. subjected it to that Crown. VVratislaus IV. Duke of Pomcrania, in 1325. becoming Heir of it, by the death of VVizlaus the last Prince, drove out the Danes and became Master of it: after this the Danes regained the Possession of it. Erick King of Denmark in 1438. resigned it the second time to the Duke of Pomerania; and under them it was in 1630. when Gustavus Adolphus began the German War with the Conquest of this Island. By the Treaty of Munster in 1648. it was confirmed to the Swedes. In 1678, the Danes attempting to recover it out of the Hands of the Swedes, received at first a great overthrow; but in a second attempt in the same year prevailed; and kept the Island till the Peace of S. Germane, in 1679; by which it was restored to the Swedes, who now have it. The Christian Faith was first Preached in it by the Monks of Corby in Saxony; in 875. They built a Chappel here for the Service of God, which was after abused to the Pagan Idolatry; till VVaidemarus a Dane, (about 1161) destroyed the Idol they Worshipped, and thereupon they became generally Christians.

Rugoso, the same with Rubicon. See Pisatello.

Rulia, Rhodope, one of the greatest and best known Mountains in Thrace; out of which the River Hebrus ariseth: it stretcheth from West to East, at this day little Inhabited; the Turks call it Rulia, that is the Queen of Mountains; the Italians Argentario, the Greeks Basilissa; it divides Thrace, and ends at the City of Apo•loma.

Rumelia. See Greece.

Rumford, a Market Town in the County of Essex, in the Hundred of Havering.

Rumney, a Market Town and Corporation in the County of Kent in Sheway Lath, which returns two Members of Parliament. § Also a River in Monmouthshire, falling into the Severn.

Rumsey, a Market Town in Hampshire, in the Hundred of Kingsomborn, upon the River Test.

Rupel, Rupera, Rupela, a small River in the Dukedom of Brabant; made by the Demera Dila, Senna and Neth; which falls into the Scheld at,

Rupelmonde, Rupelmunda, a Town and ancient Castle in Brabant; which has its name from the last mentioned River; between the Scheld and Rupel; two Miles from Antwerp to the South. Mercator the great Geographer was born in this Town, in 1512.

Ruremond. See Roermond.

Russ, Ʋrsa, a River in Switzerland, which ariseth from the Alpes and Mount S. Godard; and running Northward by Altorff and the Lake of Lucern, watereth the City of Lucern; and being improved by some smaller Rivers, finally buries it self in Aa.

Russe, Rusna, a River of the Ducal Prussia, which has been call'd Chronus. It ariseth in Lithuania. where it is called Niemen; and entertaining the Sezara, and Vilia, it watereth the Southern parts of Samogitia: after which it takes the name of Russe; and at last ends in the Bay of Memel by five Out-lets; having watered Grodno and Kowna, two considerable Cities of Poland in his Progress.

Red Russia, is a Province under the Crown of Poland; sometimes called the Proper Russia and Roxolania; it lies extended towards the South, between Poland (properly so called) and Muscovy. This contains the Palatinates of Russia (properly so called,) Podolia, Volhinia, Belza, Braslaw, Kiovia, and the Territory of Chelm: being that part of Russia, which (as I said before) was Conquered by the Poles; and by Casimir II. in 1342. united for ever to Poland.

White Russia, is a very confiderable Province under the Crown of Poland; and so called, because it was of old a part of Muscovy or Russia: it is divided into six Palatinates; which are Novogrod, Miscislaw, Witebsko, Minskie, Polokie, and Smolenskie. This last Palatinate has been recovered in latter times by the Russ, and is not now under the Poles.

Russia, properly so called, Russi, Rutheni, is a Province of Poland, and a part of Red Russia; which has Poland on the West, Volhinia and Podolia on the East, the Territories of Culm and Belsia on the North, and the Carpathian Hills, (dividing it from Hungary and Transylvania) to the South: the Capital of it is Lemburgh. Some give this Province the name of Black Russia.

Rustan, Rustanus Ager, a small Territory in the Province of Bigorre in Aquitain in France; near the River Arroux and S. Severe.

Ruthen, a Market Town in Denbyshire in Wales. The Capital of its Hundred.

Rutlandshire, Rutlandia, is the least of all the Counties of England. Bounded on the North by Lincolnshire, on the East and South by Northamptonshire, (divided from it by the River Weland) and on the West by Leicestershire: its greatest length is from North to South, not full twelve Miles; from East to West hardly nine; and its circumference about forty. The Air is temperate, serene and healthful; the Soil rich, and fruitful in Corn and Pasturage, especially about the Vale of Catmoss. Woods and pleasant Springs are plentiful enough; (of the latter, the Weland and the Wash are the principal:) so that it wants nothing. This County was a part of the Lands possessed by the Coritani, before the Roman Conquest: and was Conquered by P. Ostorius, in the Reign of Claudian the Emperor. Afterwards it made a part of the Kingdom of Mercia; and now is in the Diocese of Peterborough. There are but forty eight Parishes, and two Market-Towns in it. Okeham being the Shire Town, and Ʋppingham the other. In 1390. Edward Plantagenet, eldest Son of Edmund Duke of York; In 1326, Richard, second Brother of the said Edward; and in 1450. Edmund Plantagenet. second Son of Richard Duke of York; (all of the Royal Family) successively were Earls of this County. But in 1525. Thomas Mannors, Lord Roos of Hamlake, Tresbut, and Belvoir (Descended by the Lady Ann his Mother, from the said Richard, Duke of York) was Created Earl of Rutland, by Henry VIII. in 1325. whose Posterity enjoy this Honor to this day. John the twelfth of this Family, succeeding John his Father, in the year 1679.

Rutuli, an ancient People of Latium in Italy. Ardea was their Capital City.

Ruvo, Rubi, a City in the Province of Bari, in the Kingdom of Naples; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Bari; a small, but spruce and populous City: about seventeen Miles from Bari to the West. Horace mentions it in his Satyrs; Inde Rubos fessi pervenimus, &c.

Rye, a member of the Cinque Ports, upon the edge of the County of Sussex, towards Kent, in Hastings Rape; situated at the fall of the Rother into the Sea; where it hath a convenient Haven, especially for a ready passage to Diepe in Normandy. It returns two Members to the Lower House of Parliament. The Fishermen take excellent Herrings here.

S A. (Book s)

SAada, a City in the Happy Arabia, perhaps of old called Sabatha: it stands in the inland parts of that Country; three hundred Miles from Aden to the North. If it is Sabatha, its Long. is 76. 00. Lat. 16. 56.

Saal, Sala, a River in Germany, called by the French, Sale. It ariseth in Franconia; over against the Nab and the Mayn; and flowing through Thuringia, it watereth Saalfeld and Jena; then entering Misnia, and passing by Naumburgh, Mersburgh, and Hall, (and being in this passage swelled by many smaller Rivers) it falls at last into the Elbe; beneath Bernburgh, in the Ʋpper Saxony; four Miles from Magdeburgh to the South.

Saan, Savaria, a River of Stiria.

Saare. See Sare.

Saba, supposed to be the same with Meroe in Aethiopia. §. One of the Charibye Islands in America, under the Hollanders, and near S. Christophers, is likewise called by this name.

Sabaro, Sybaris, a River in Calabria, in the Kingdom of Naples; others call it Cochile; and say it falls into the Bay of Taranto, near Morano.

Sabaria, a Town of the ancient Pannonia in Hungary, the native place of S. Martin of Tours. It is not certainly known where it is: some conjecturing it to be one place, and some another.

Sabini, an ancient People of Latium, in Italy; whose memory is still preserved in the name of a Province, now in the States of the Church, called Terra Sabina; which contains a part of the Territory heretofore belonging to them; the Capital whereof was Cures. There is a Monastery in this Territory honoured with a Bishop's See, under the Title of the Bishop of Sabina: and in the years 1590. 1593. 1595. &c. Synodal Constitutions were published by the (then) Bishops, bearing the same. It is sufficiently known, how the first Romans under Romulus procured themselves Wives from this People, their Neighbours.

Sabionetta, Sabuloneta, a strong Town in Lombardy, which has a strong Castle Garrisoned by Spaniards. It is the Capital of a Sovereign Dukedom; belonging heretofore to the Caraffa's, and now to the Gusman's, a Spanish Family; between the Dukedom of Mantoua to the East, and the Territory of Cremena to the West; twenty five Miles East of Cremona, and fifteen North of Parma.

Sablé, Sabolium, a small City in the Province of Maine, upon the River Sarte; ten Leagues from Angers to the North, and from Mans to the South.

Sablestan, Sablistania, an inland Province in the Kingdom of Persia; towards the East, in the Mountains; between Chorazan to the North, and Khermon, (or Caramania) to the South. The Cities of which are Zarans, Bost, and Nebesaet.

Sacae, an ancient People of Scythia, betwixt the Mountain Imaus, and the Sarmatian Alani; represented by Dionysius Africanus and others, as a wild and cruel Nation.

Sacania, Laconia, the most Southern Province in the Morea; containing that part which was anciently under the Lacedemonians, and Argia. The Capital of which is Misitra.

Sacay, Sacaia, a City in Japan.

Sacca, Siacca, Saxa, Xacca, a City on the South Shoar of Sicily, in the Valley of Mazara; called by the Ancients, Thermae Selinuntiae. It stands at the foot of a Mountain; and has an Harbour, twenty two Miles from Mazara to the East, and forty from Gergenty. Cluverius saith, it has an ancient Castle; which is now carefully upheld and repaired. A Synod was held here in 1579.

Sachsen. See Saxony.

Sadodela, Edus, a River of Liguria in Italy, now in the States of Genoua; which falls into the Porcevera.

Saffay, Savus, a small River of Barbary; which falls into the Mediterranean Sea, in the Kingdom of Argier; between Accharara and Metafus.

Sagabria. See Zagabria.

Sagan, Saganum, a City in Silesia, in the Kingdom of Bohemia; the Capital of a Dukedom of the same name; called by the Germans, Zeigan. It stands upon the Bober, (where it receives the Queiss) seven German Miles from Glogaw to the West, and six from Crossen to the North. Now in the Hands of the Emperor, as King of Bohemia; whose Predecessors in 1548. redeemed to out of the Hands of the Elector of Saxony; to whom it was Mortgaged together with its Dukedom.

Sagone, a ruined City in the Island of Corsica; which is yet a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Pisa in Italy: the Bishop keeping Residence at a neighbouring Town.

Sagriano, Sagra, a small River in the Farther Calabria.

Saguenay, a River, Town, and Province in New France. The River discharges it self into the Gulph of S. Lawrence.

Saguntum, a noble and famous City of the ancient Spain; whose memory is recorded with honour for their fidelity to their Allies the Romans; when Hannibal desieg'd them nine months together in the year of Rome 535. Chusing, rather than betray the one, or fall into the Hands of the other, in one vast fire made in the middle of the City to destroy themselves, their Wives and Children, with every thing that was dear and valuable to them. Hannibal razed the place. Which fact of his became the Subject of the second Punick War. Flor. 2. 6.

Sahid, Delta, an Island made by the divided Branches of the Nile, and the Mediterranean Sea; which is the best part of the Lower Egypt. See Delta.

Saille, or Haute-Saille, Alta Sylva, a Monastery of the Cistercian Order in the Pais de Vauge, in the Dukedom of Lorain: first established about the year 1140. in the midst of a great high Forest: and therefore called Saille by a corruption of the word Silva.

Saint, Santo, Santa, Sainct, Is a VVord frequently put before the Names of Places, since Christianity prevailed in the VVorld: of which those that are omitted under their proper Names are as followeth.

S. Agatha di Gotti, Agatha, or Fanum Sanctae Agathae, Agathopolis, a City in the Kingdom of Naples, in the Further Principate; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Benevento; nine Miles from Telese to the South, and fourteen from Capua and Benevento.

S. Aignan or Agnan, a Town of the Dukedom of Berry, in France; which stands at the reception of the River Saudre by the Cher: adorned with the Title of a Dukedom and Peerdom now, of an Earldom before; and so called in honour of a Bishop of Orleans of this name, its tutelar, whose reliques they preserve here. Its more ancient name was Hagand.

S. Alyre, a Town and Abbey in the Province of Auvergne in France, near Clermont; by which the River Tiretaine passes.

S. Amand, Elno, a Town in the Earldom of Flanders, and Confines of Hainault; in the Hands of the French, and heretofore very strong, but now dismantled. It stands upon the River Scharpe, (which a little Lower falls into the Schelde) four Leagues from Tournay to the South, and three from Valenciennes. The Lands lying between the Scharpe and the Schelde, are from this place called the Isles de St. Amand; but its greatest glory is a celebrated Monastery, Abbatia S. Amandi Elnonensis, where the Saint of that name dyed. This Town was taken by the French in 1667. The Forest, beginning upon the Frontiers of Flanders and extending nigh to Valenciennes in Hainault, hath the name also of the Forest of S. Amand.

S. Amour, a small Town in the County of Burgundy, in France, and the Diocese of Lyons. Honored of late with a Collegiate Church.

S. Andero, Andreapolis Antiqua, Flavionavia, a Town and Port in the Principality of Biscay in Spain: lately advanced to the Dignity of a Bishop's See. Some place it in the Asturias.

S. Andiol, a Town in the Province of Vivaretz in France, upon the Rhosne; adorned with divers Ecclesiastical and Religious Houses, and a College of the Barnabites. Its ancient name in Latin was, Gento, Gentibo, Gentibus. This of S. Andiol, and Fanum S. Andeoli, descended upon it by the Martyrdom of S. Andeolus, a Graecian Subdeacon here, in the Reign of the Emperor Severus, about the year 190: who with others had been sent to serve the Gauls by S. Polycarp from the East. It hath the Latin name also of Vivariense Monasterium, being under the Bishop of Viviers.

S. Andre, or Fort de Saint Andre, a strong Cittadel in the Dutchy of Guelderland in the Low Countries; situated betwixt the Maze and the VVael, about two Leagues from Bosteduc. Built in 1599. by Andrew Cardinal of Austria; and the year after taken by the Dutch, who remain the Masters of it. Only in 1672. the French gained it, and soon after ruined and abandoned it. § A Town near Buda in Hungary, supposed by Bonfinius to be the Quarta decima legio Germanica of Ptolemy, bears this name also.

Capo di S. Andrea, a Promontory of the Island Cyprus; the same which Pliny calls Dinaretum.

Capo S. Andrea, a Promontory of the Peloponnesus, in Achaia: the same with the ancient Antirrhium of Ptolemy and Pliny.

S. Andres, Lavantum, Flavia, a City of Germany, in the Lower Carinthia; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Saltzburgh. It stands upon the River Lavant, or Lavanthal, (which two Miles Lower falls into the Drave) from which it has its Latin Name; and it is under the Archbishop of Saltzburgh. This City stands seven Miles from Indenburgh, and eleven from Clagenfurt to the East toward Marpurg. The Bishoprick was instituted by Eberhard, Bishop of Saltzburgh, in 1221. who reserved to himself and his Successors the Right of Electing, Investing, and Swearing the Bishops of it: Therefore they were not numbred amongst the Bishops of the Empire, nor had any Voice or Place in the Diet.

S. Angelo, Angelopolis, a City in the Capitanato; which is small, but strong; five Miles from Manfredonia, and four from the Adriatick Sea.

S. Angelo de Lombardi, Fanum S. Angeli Longobardorum, Angelopolis, a small City in the further Principate; and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Cosenza; from which it stands eight Miles towards Benevento.

S. Angelo in Vado, Fanum S. Angeli in Vado, Tiphernum Metaurum, a small City in the Dukedom of Ʋrbino, in the States of the Church; made a Bishops See in 1635. by Pope Ʋrban VIII.

S. Antonin, a Town in Rovergne in France; situated at the Confluence of the Aveirou and Bonnete, and encompassed with high Mountains. The Huguenots fortified it in the late Civil Wars. But it was taken from them in 1622.

S. Aubin, Fanum Sancti Albini, a Town in Bretagne in France; five Leagues from Rennes to the North, and as many from the Borders of Normandy to the South; upon the River Covesnon. Made famous to all Ages by a Victory here obtained by Lewis de Fremoville, (General for Charles VIII. King of France) against the Duke of Bretagne, and his Confederates; in 1488.

S. Augustine, the most Eastern Cape of Africa. § Likewise a Promontory in the Government of Pernambuco in Brasil, in South America; upon which the Portuguese have built a Fortress, once taken by the Hollanders, but retaken by the Portuguese. In Latin, Caput Sancti Augustini. § A Town and Port in Florida, in North America, was formerly called by this name too; before the Spaniards took, and newnamed it S. Matthew.

S. Bartholomew, one of the Charibye Islands in the North Sea, in America: furnished with a good haven, and yielding the Indian Bread in plenty.

S. Basil, an Abbey in the Province of Champagne, three Leagues from Reims in France; near Verzi: in which the Council of Reims of the year 991 or 92. (commonly so called) was assembled; that installed Gerbert in the Archiepiscopal See of Reims, who became afterwards Pope by the name of Sylvester II.

S. Baume, a famous Rock and Town near S. Maximin in Provence; upon a Mountain, three Leagues high and ten in extent; betwixt Aix, Marseille and Thoulon. This Rock is imagined to be the grotto, where S. Mary Magdalen abode many years; whence Petrarch in verse, and many others of the ingenious, have made elaborate Descriptions of it. Her body is said to be there yet preserved.

S. Bennet in the Holme, a Village in the County of Norfolk and the Hundred of Tunsted; not far from Hickling: receiving its name, and probably its beginning from an ancient Abbey so called, of the Foundation of K Canutus the Dane. An Abbey, afterwards fortified like a Castle with Walls and Bulwarks by the Monks: one of which betrayed it to VVilliam the Conqueror. And tho since decayed and empoverished, yet the Title of Lord Abbot of S. Bennet is said to remain to this day to the Bishops of Norwich.

S. Borendon, an Island on the West of the Canaries; supposed to be unacessible by reason of the Clouds, which perpetually obscure its Coast.

S. Brieu, or S. Brieux, Briocum, Fanum S. Brioci, a City in Bretagne in France, on its Northern Coast; which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Tours, founded or re-established about the year 844. by one of the Dukes of Bretagne, in the time of Charles the Bald K. of France. The ancient Biducesii, mentioned by Ptolemy, it is believed, dwelt in this place. It stands betwixt the Rivers Trieu and Arguenon (of which Ptolemy makes also mention) in a pleasant fruitful plain, at the foot of a Rock; well built, peopled and fortified; and having a good Harbor on the British Sea in half a League of it, with divers Religious Houses: twenty Miles from Rennes to the North-West. There was a Synod held at it in 1233.

S. Catherine, an Island in the North Sea, upon the Coast of the Province of Honduras in New Spain in America: twenty Leagues distant from the Continent. Formerly under the Spaniards; but the English have twice dispossessed them, and new named the place the Island of Providence. It hath a convenient Port and a Cittadel. § Also a Monastery at the foot of the Mountain Horeb (or Sinai) near the Mountain of S. Catherine, (which makes a part of Sinai) in the Stony Arabia. The Repository of the Relicks of a Saint of the same name; which are pretended to have been brought by Angels hither from Alexandria in Egypt, after the martyrdom of her there. The Archbishop of Mount Sinai, who acknowledges no Patriarch, resides at this Monastery. One of the Greek Emperors built it for the use of the Caloyers of the Order of S. Basil: and the Ottoman Port savours it with great privileges.

S. Christopher, one of the Caribbe Islands on the Coast of America: in North Lat. 17. 25. Seventy five Miles in Circuit; by the Natives heretofore called Ay ay, and Liamaiga. This Island is planted by French and English. Desnambuck for the French, and Sir Thomas Warner for the English, taking Possession of it the same day, in 1625. by mutual agreement of the two Nations. In 1629. Don Frederick de Toledo had Orders from the Spaniards to force the English and French out of it, with a Navy of twenty four great Ships. The French retired for a time; but the English eluded this Storm, by an Accommodation: and the French returning soon after, resetled here. The English being constantly and plentifully supplied from London, are in the better Condition: The French were a long time too much neglected by their Countrymen; which contributed very much to the forcing them then to submit to the hard usage of the Spaniards. The English are more in number than the French: The French to Counterbalance this have four Forts, and the English but two. One of which commands the great Haven, the other a Descent not far from Pointe de Sable: and to prevent differences between the two Nations, each of them have a Guard upon the Frontiers of their Divisions, which is renewed every day. It is one of the most delightful Islands in the World; swelling in the midst into high Mountains, which afford upon the Descents several Stages, planted one above the other: the higher Plantations enjoying the pleasure of the prospect of the lower. All made more lovely by rows of Trees always Green, and fair Houses covered with glazed Slate. The Soil is light and sandy; apt to produce all sorts of Fruits; as Sugar, Tabacco, Cotton, Ginger, Indico, and the like: it wants not Springs, and some hot Waters sit for natural Baths. This Island was discovered by Christopher Columbus, the finder out of the New World; and either called by this Name to preserve the Memory of his own, or because the Island at a distance seems to represent the usual Picture of S. Christopher upon a Giants Shoulders. The English have so increased, that they have sent Colonies from thence to Barbuda, Monserrat, Antego, and Barbadoes. The French have built a Town of good bigness, called le Basse-Terre, by the English Back-starr; and a College of Jesuits. The Houses of Back starr are of Brick, Free-Stone, and Timber; well inhabited by Tradesmen and Merchants: But in a great measure destroyed by an Earthquake, April 1690. the Earth opening in many places nine foot. The English have taken all this Island to themselves, in this War, June and July 1690; under the Command of Capt. Codrington, Capt. Wright, and Sir Tim. Thornhill.

S. Claude, Fanum Sti. Claudii, a Town in the Franche Cempte in Burgundy, fortified: in the Borders of la Bresse; formerly called S. Oyen de Joux: it has a very celebrated Monastery; five Leagues from Geneva to the West, three from the Rhosne: from this Town the Mountain de Joux is sometime called S. Claude.

S. Clou, Fanum Sancti Clodoaldi, a remarkable Town in the Isle of France; on the Seyne, over which it has a Stone Bridge; and a magnificent Palace belonging to the Dukes of Orleans. It stands upon an Hill two Leagues below Paris to the West. Hen. III. King of France died in this Town, in 1589. of the Wounds he received from a Fryar. It has lately been honored with the Title of a Dukedom, which is annexed to the Bishoprick of Paris.

S. Croce, Stauropolis, an Inland City of Caria, in the Lesser Asia; which is an Archbishops See, who has a very large Jurisdiction; there being under him twenty seven Suffragan Bishops.

Sancta Crux, a Town upon the North Coast of the Island of Cuba, in America.

Sancta Cruz, a small but strong City in the Kingdom of Susa, upon the Atlantick Ocean; built by the Portuguese in 1536. but since taken by the King of Susa, under whom it is. It is also called Cap d' Aguer.

Sancta Cruz de la Sierra, a small City in the Kingdom of Peru; a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of la Plata; from which it stands one hundred Spanish Leagues to the East.

S. Davids, Menevia, a City and Bishoprick in the extreme corner of Pembrokeshire, in Wales; upon the Irish Sea; and the Promontorium Octapitarum of the ancients, the same that is now called S. Davids Head. Often heretofore spoiled and ruined by the Danes, Norwegians, and other Pyrates. The Cathedral now standing was the work of Peter the 49th Bishop of S. Davids, in 1176. who dedicated it by the joynt names of S. Andrew and S. David: this latter person being the Founder of the See. For he, in the time of the Saxons fury, under King Arthur, being Archbishop of Caerleon upon Ʋsk, translated the Archiepiscopal See of Caerleon to Menew, the ancient name of this City, (whence the Bishops style themselves Episcopi Menevenses:) so that Menew became an Archbishoprick; and had seven Suffragans under it at S. Augustines coming into England: it afterward continued so for twenty six Successions: till Sampson, an Archbishop of it, in the time of a plague transferred the Pall and Dignity to Dole in Brittany. Whereby his Successors at S. Davids lost their Name of Archbishops. Yet Bernard, B. of S. Davids, in 1115. was the first that submitted himself to the See of Canterbury. This Diocese contains the whole Counties of Pembroke, Cardigan, Caermarthen, Radnor, Brecknock; with some small parts of Monmouth, Hereford, Montgomery, and Glamorganshires.

S. Dizier, a strong Town in Champagne in France, upon the River Marne; in the Borders of the Dukedom de la Barr: six Leagues from Bar le Duc to the North-East, and forty two from Paris to the East. The Capital of the Territory of Valage, betwixt Joinville and Chalon. Besieged and taken by Charles V. in 1544: and after restored to France by the Peace of Crespy.

S. Domingo de la Calcada, a small Town in Old Castile in Spain, near Najara.

S. Donato, Forum Appium, a Town in the Campagnia di Roma in Italy.

S. Eustacia, one of the Leeward Islands in the West-Indies, otherwise called the Carribys. It was planted by the French: but taken from them by the English under Sir Tim. Thornhill, and Capt. Wright, July 1690. A very small Island, with one only Fort is capable of about eighty Men. Near to S. Christophers.

S. Fe, Fanum Sanctae Fidei, a Town in Granada, upon the River Xenil; built by K. Ferdinando, in 1491. in a Plain; two Leagues from Granada to the West.

S. Fé, a City i• South America in Paragua, in the Province of la Plata; two hundred and forty Miles from the City de Buenos Ayres to the North.

S. Fe de Bogota, a City of South America, in the Kingdom of New Granada; the Capital of which it is, and an Archbishops See. It stands upon the River Pati, by the Lake Guaravita; at the foot of a Mountain called Bogota, (from which it has its Name:) a vast distance from the Sea every way.

S. Fiorenza, Fanum Sancti Florentii, a Town on the North Coast of the Island of Corsica, under the Genouese, with a Port and considerable Fortifications. Understood by some to be the Canelata of Ptolemy.

S. Flour, Floriopolis, Fanum Sancti Flori, a City in the Ʋpper Auvergne; built on an high Hill, commonly called la Planese; and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Bourges, ever since 1317. (being then Founded by P. John XXII.) upon the River Ladir. Twenty Leagues from Clermont to the South, and eight from le Puy to the West. Some take it to be the Indiacum of the ancients.

S. For, a Town in Aquitain, upon the River Dordogne; in the Province of Agenois, in the Borders of Perigort; four Leagues from Bergerac to the West.

S. Foy, a Town in the Province of Guyenne in France, upon the Dordogne, betwixt Bergerao and Libourne. Taken by the Protestants in 1563.

S. Gall, Fanum Sancti Galli, a Town in Switzerland; which has a famous and rich Benedictine Abbey, of greater Antiquity, and much greater extent and jurisdiction than the Town; being able to levy above six thousand Men of its own Subjects. The Abbot is a Prince of the Empire, since the year 1226. It stands in the Territory of Torgow, betwixt the Cantons of Zurich and Appenzel, and the Diocese of Constance; and is one of the principal Cantons: one Mile from the Lake of Constance, and four from Lindaw to the West. Heretofore an Imperial and Free City, but now exempt. The Abbey owes its Beginning either to an Irish or Scotch Devote of the name; who preach'd in the 7th Century the Gospel in divers Places in Switzerland, especially in the Territory of Torgaw: where having refused an Offer of the Bishoprick of Constance made to him, he retired at length to his Solitudes in this place; which became the Seat of an Abbey from him: enriched since vastly by the Donations of the Kings of France, and the Emperors. The City stands upon an Eminence; not great, but well built; and much traded for its fine Linnen Works, called Galles or Gawse from it. Betwixt the Abbey and the City there is a common Gate, fastned by the Burgesses on the one side and the Abbot on the other. The City antiently did depend in many things upon the Abbey, as having received its total rise from it: but at present, they each enjoy their separate Sovereignties.

S. Galmier, a small Town in the County of Foretz, in the Government of Lionnois: remarked for a Fountain of Allum-Water there.

S. Georgio de Mina, Arx Sancti Georgii, a Castle upon the Coste d'Or in Guinee, in Africa: betwixt the Cape of three Points and Cape Corso; which has a Town built by the Portuguese in 1481, and a large and safe Port or Haven; within a few years past taken by the Dutch.

S. Germain on Laye, Fanum Sancti Germani in Laya, a Town and Royal Castle in the Isle of France; seated upon an high Hill by the Seine: having two magnificent Palaces: one new, of the foundation of Henry le Grand; the other ancient, built by Charles V; continued under the English in the time of their French Conquests, and repaired by Francis I. King of France: whither the Kings of France frequently retire. The Court of K. James II. of England and Qu. Mary his Consort is kept here. It is four Leagues from Paris to the West. Henry II. King of France, was born here in 1518. Charles IX. in 1550. Lewis XIV. (now King of France) in 1638, who has added divers great Ornaments to i•. And it is no less famous for a Peaco made here in 1679, between the Kings of France and Sweden, and the Elector of Brandenburgh.

S. Germain Lembrum, a small City in Auvergne, near the River Allier; in the Tract de Lembrun; two Leagues from Issoire; eight from Clermont to the South, and the same from S. Flour to the North-East.

S. Germains, a Corporation in the County of Cornwal in East Hundred; represented by two Burgesses in the House of Commons.

S. Gewer, S. Gower, Fanum. Sancti Goari, a Town upon the Rhine; in the County of Catzenellobogen; in the Borders of the Bishoprick of Trier; four Miles above Coblentz to the South: which belongs to the Landgrave of Hassia Rhinefeld.

S. Gilles, a Town in the Lower Languedoc in France, one League from the Rhosne, betwixt Beaucaire and Arles, upon a Rivulet. In Latin, Fanum Sancti Aegidii, and Palatium Gothorum in some Authors. It has been taken for the Anatolia of Pliny, and likewise for the Heraclea of the same Pliny and Antoninus. The Huguenots gave the Roman Catholicks a Defeat near it in 1562.

S. Gothard, Adula, the highest part of the Alpes; between the Switzers and the Dukedom of Milan. The French call it S. Godard. § Also an Abbey of the Lower Hungary, upon the River Raab and the Frontiers of Stiria, two Miles from Kerment: betwixt which and Kerment the Turks receiv'd a bloody Defeat in 1664.

S. Hubert, a City and Bishoprick in the Dukedom of Luxembourgh.

S. Jago, a City of Africa, in an Island of the same Name; well fortified, and made a Bishops See by the Portuguese, under whom it is: taken and plundered by Sir Francis Drake in 1585. This is one of the Islands of Cape Verde. About forty five Leagues long, ten broad, and ninety five or a hundred in Circumference. It produces great quantities of Salt.

S. Jago, a City on the South Shoar of the Isle of Cuba, which has a safe Port; and is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of S. Domingo.

S. Jago de Compostella. See Compostella.

S. Jago de Chili, Fanum Sancti Jacobi, a City in South America, at the foot of the Mountain Andes; built by the Spaniards, by the River Maipus; fifteen Leagues from the South Sea. Made a Bishops See under the Archbishop of la Plata. It is the Capital of the Kingdom of Chili.

S. Jago del Estero, the capital City of Tucumania, a Country in South America; seated upon the River Estero: a hundred and seventy Leagues from Potosi: which is a Bishop's See, under the Dominion of the Spaniards.

S. Jago de Guatimala, a City of New Spain in North America; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Mexico.

S. Jean de Angely, or D'Angery, Angeracum, Ageriacum, Engeriacum, fanum S. Johannis Angeriaci, a celebrated Town in Saintonge in France; upon the River Boutonne; two Leagues from the Borders of Poictou, and seven from Saintes to the North. Heretofore very strongly fortified; and in 1562. desended against the Huguenots: who taking it in a second Attempt, encreased its strength by adding more regular Fortifications to it. In 156•. it surrendred to Charles IX. by a Siege of two Months, with his loss of ten thousand Men before it: but falling into the hands of the Huguenots again in 1620. Lewis XIII. dismantled it in 1621, after he had by sorce of Arms and a Siege taken it from them.

S. Jean de l'Aune or Losne, Fanum S. Johannis Laudonensis, Laudona, a Town in Burgundy, in France; upon the Saosne, betwixt Auxone and Bellegarde. Famous for repulsing an Army of the Imperialists in 1636.

S. Jean de Leon, a Town in Burgundy upon the Soane.

S. Jean de Luz, Fanum Sancti Johannis Luisii, or Luisium: a Town of Aquitain in France, in the Pais des Basques, and the Territory of Labour, with a Port upon the Ocean, at the Fall of the River Ʋrdacuri into it: two Miles from the Borders of Spain. Lewis XIV. now King of France, was Married in this Town in 1660.

S. Jean de Maurienne, Fanum Sancti Johannis Mauriensis, a very considerable, but unwalled, open City in Savoy; upon the River Arco, in the Valley de Maurienne, (which is a County); three Leagues from the Borders of the Dauphiné to the South, and ten from Grenoble to the East. This is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Vienne. And the Cathedral shews the Tombs of divers of the Dukes of Savoy.

S. Jean Pie de Port, Fanum S Johannis Pede-Portuensis, a very strong Town in the Lower Navarr; in the Mountains, upon the River Nive, which falls into the Adoure; eight Leagues from Baionne to

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the South: This Town is yet in the Hands of the K. of France, as King of Navarr.

S. Johns Point, Isamnium, one of the most Eastern Points of Ireland: in the Province of Ʋlster, in the County of Downe.

S. Johnston, Fanum Sancti Johannis ad Tavum, the same with Perth.

S. Juan de Puerto Rico, Fanum Sancti Johannis de Portu divite, a City of North America; in an Island of the same Name, in the North Sea. It stands on the North side of the Island; has a safe Port and Castle; and is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of St. Domingo. Taken by the English in 1599; and being plundered, left to the Spaniards.

S. Juan de Vlva, Fanum Sancti Johannis de Ʋlva, a triangular Fort in a small Island in the North Sea; on the Coast of New Spain, over against the Port of Vera Cruz; erected by the Spaniards for its security and defence. It stands eighty Miles from Mexico to the East. Vera Cruz was at first called by this Name; but the Spaniards changed it of latter years.

S. Ives, a Market Town and Corporation in the County of Cornwall, in the Hundred of Penwith: having a Haven upon the Irish Sea, and the Election of two Parliament Men. § There is a second S. Ives in Huntingtonshire, in the Hundred of Hurstington; upon the River Ouse, with a fair Stone Bridge over it; which is a Market Town of good Antiquity. Said to have received this name from a holy Bishop, Ivo, who laboured in the Conversion of the Saxons about the year 600, and died here. But his Body was removed afterwards to Ramsey Abbey.

S. Lawrence, a great River of New France, in North America; taking its Source towards the Lake des Hurons, and running from West to East, falling into the North Sea over against Newfound Land: making a great Bay or Gulph there, called the Gulph of S. Lawrence. See Canada.

S. Leo, Fanum Sancti Leonis. The same with Monfeltro.

S. Leonhart, a Town in the Lower Carinthia, in the Valley of Lavanthal; near the River Lavant, in the Borders of Stiria; two Miles from S. André, a City of Carinthia. This Town is under the Bishop of Bamberg.

S. Licer, or S. Lizier. See Conserans.

S. Lucar de Barameda, Fanum Sancti Lucae Luciferi, a City in Andaluzia in Spain; called by the French, S. Lurques. Some will have it to be the Lux Dubia of Strabo. It has three Castles; and a large and safe Port at the Mouth of the River Guadalquivir, upon the Atlantick Ocean.

S. Lucia, or Alouzia, one of the Charibye Islands in America; under the French.

S. Macaire, a Town in the Province of Guyenne in France, upon the Garonne: ten Leagues from Bourdeaux, and thirty from the Ocean; which rises no further than to this Town.

S. Maixent, a Town in the Province of Poictou in France, upon the River Seure Niortoise; which hath an antient Abbey: noted for a Council held at it against Berengarius in 1073 and another in 1075. The Emperor Lewis the Debonnaire repair'd this Abbey in his time.

S. Malo, Maclovipolis, Aletha, Maclovia, Maclopolis, Maclovium, a City in Bretagne in France; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tou•s; seated in a small Island called S. Aron, but very little removed from the Continent; to which it is joined by a Bridge. It grew up out of the Ruins of Aletha. Though its Circuit is not great, yet it is well peopled, rich, strong; and by reason of the goodness of the Haven much frequented. It stands four Leagues from Dole to the South-West, and fourteen from Rennes to the North. Fortified and well Garrisoned, in consideration that its great importance renders it one of the Keys of the Kingdom. James Cartier, the French Discoverer of Canada in America, was a Native of this City. A Synod was held here in 1618.

S. Mango, a Town in the `Hither Principate, in the Kingdom of Naples in Italy: bearing the Title of a Principality.

S. Marco, Argentanum, Fanum Sancti Marci, a small City in the Kingdom of Naples, in the Hither Calabria; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Cosenza; but exempt from his Jurisdiction. It stands ten Miles from the Tyrrhenian Sea, and sixteen from Cosenza to the North. § There is a Town of this name in the Island of Sicily: the same with the Calacta of the Antients.

S. Margarita, Gorgon, an Island of the Tyrrhenian Sea, under the Grand Duke of Tuscany: betwixt the Province of Toscana and the Island of Corsica. Called also by the Italians La Gorgona.

S. Marie, an Island in the Aethiopick Ocean, towards the Bay of Anthongil and the Eastern Coast of the Island of Madagascar: at the distance of two Leagues from the latter; where the French have planted ten or twelve Villages. It is eighteen Leagues in length, three in breadth; fruitful in Rice, Sugar, Gums, Tobacco, Fruits, and Cattel: White Coral and Ambergrease are found here. The Climate continually rainy. The Natives repute themselves to be of the Line of Abraham; calling the Island in their Language, The Island of Abraham.

Les Saintes Maries, Delphicum Templum, a small Town at the Mouth of the Rhosne in Provence, in France: Honoured heretofore with a Temple built by the Marseillians, in honour of Apollo Delphicus: and said to be the Place, where the Vessel came safe a-shoar, with Lazarus, St. Mary Magdalen, Mary the Mother of James, and others, which the Jews exposed to Sea to the mercy of the Winds and Storms, without Sails or Oars. And that the Bodies of the St. Maries were found hidden here in 1448.

S. Maria di Leuca, a City and Bishops See in the Terra di Otranto in the Kingdom of Naples.

Sancta Maria, Pandataria, an Island in the Tyrrhenian Sea; upon the Coast of Terra di Lavoro (a Province of the Kingdom of Naples), thirty Miles from Puteoli. It is small, desolate, and uncultivated. Agrippina, the Mother of Caligula the Roman Emperor, was banished into this wretched Place by Tiberius the Emperor; according to the Roman Custom.

S. Maria de Finis terre, Artabarnm, a Promontory in Gallicia, which is the most North-Western Cape of Spain; called by the Spaniards, El Cabo de Finis terre; by the French, Le Cap de Fine terre. It has the name of S. Mary also from a near Town, which stands ten Leagues from Compostella to the West.

S. Marino, Marinum, Mons Titanus, Fanum Sanctae Mariae, Acer Mons, a City in the Dukedom of Ʋrbino, in Romandiola; scarce four Leagues from the River Rimini, twenty two from Pesaro to the West, and five from S. Leo to the South-East: which is the Capital of a small Republick. (Republichetta, the Italians call it) of the same name: established in the year 600, and containing about six thousand People: who bought the Fortress of Pennarosta in the year 1000; the Castle of Casolo in 1170; and in 1463 received four other Castles with the Town of Piagge by Donation, from Pope Pius II. This City stands upon a high Hill, well fortified; under the Government of two Military Officers, whom they change in every year twice. § There is likewise in the Montouan and the Modenese, in Italy, two Towns of this name; each adorned with the Title of an Earldom: a Fortress in the Province of Toscana near Florence, and a little Principality in S. Peters Patrimony. § Not to omit the Island, S. Marino de Vaz, near the Cape of Good Hope, upon the Coast of Africa: so called by the Portuguese: an uninhabited Place, almost wholly covered with Mountains. Nor the Charriby Island in America; which first the Spaniards possessed, and was afterwards divided betwixt the French and Dutch.

Sancta Martha, Fanum Sanctae Marthae, a City in the Terra Firma, (a Province of South America) on the Shoar of the North Sea; which has an Haven, and a Castle in the Hands of the Spaniards: Also a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of S. Fé de Bogota. It has been taken and plundered both by the English and Hollanders; and therefore not much peopled. Yet it is the capital City of S. Martha, a Province in Castile D'or in South America, of the same name. The Province abounds in Oranges, Citrons, Pomegranates, Vines, Maze, Mines of Gold, Pretious Stones, &c. Partly under the Spaniards, and partly under a Race of unconquered Natives; who with Kings of their own make vigorous opposition to the Spaniards. It hath some Mountains in it covered with Snow, though the Maritime Parts are hot. The City stands with a large Port upon the North Sea; honoured with the Residence of the Governour of the Province. In 1595. Sir Francis Drake set fire to it. In 1630. the General of the Dutch West India Company took it: but the Spaniards ransomed it again. The French have had their turns likewise of pillaging of this City. § The Mountain, Sierras Nevadas, in Castile D'or, passes also by this name.

Sancta Maura, Leucadia, Leucas, Neritum, an Island in the Ionian Sea, on the Coast of Epirus; to which it is joined by a Timber Bridge; nine Miles from Cephalonia. It has a City of the same Name; very strong, seated on the East side, in the middle of the Channel; where it is a League over. This Town is a mere Nest of Pyrats: which though they live in the Turkish Territories, are yet by their own Masters persecuted for this infamous Trade: the Bassa of the Morea making a Voyage thither to burn their Galliots, as Mr. Wheeler acquaints us. There belongs to it an Aquaduct, which now serves instead of a Bridge, to those that go on Foot to this Place. It is not at the top above a Yard broad, and about a Mile long; and so very high, that if two should meet upon it, their Lives would be endangered; there being no Stairs, and scarce room to pass. This City has about six thousand Inhabitants, Greeks, Christians, and Turks. It is also a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Lepanto. The Island was under the State of Venice, till Mahomet II. took it from them. In 1684. the Venetians under Morosini retook it. It is fruit ul in Corn, Oranges, Limons, and Almonds; its Pasturage very good; and though about forty Miles in compass, yet has it not above thirty poor Villages, inhabited by such as Till the Ground, and Fish. So that the Bishop has apparently a small Revenue.

S. Maximin, a Town of Provence, in the Diocese of Aix; in which Charles II. King of France, in the thirteenth Century, founded a famous Monastery of the Dominicans. It was also adorned with a College in 1476. The common Opinion, as to its antient Name, speaks it to be Villa Lata.

S. Menehould, Fanum Sancti Menehildis, a Town in Champagne, in the Territory of Argonne, (the Capital of which it is) upon the River Aisne; nine Leagues from Chaalons to the East, and the same distance from Virdun: it has a strong Castle built on an Hill: taken twice within the compass of a few years.

S. Michael, the chief Town in Barbadoes, at the bottom of Carlile Bay, in the South part of the Island; which has an Harbour able to secure five hundred Vessels at once. This Town is long, containing several Streets, and beautified by many well-built Houses. Also very populous; being the Seat of the Governour, (or his Deputy) and of the Courts of Justice for the whole Island; the Scale of their Trade, where most of the Merchants and Factors have their Houses and Store-Houses; from whence the Inhabitants are supplied with the English Commodities, by way of Exchange; yet is the Town liable to be floated by the Spring Tides, and by that means made unhealthful. For its defence it has two strong Forts, with a Platform in the middle; which command the Road, and are well stored with Cannon.

Mount S. Michel, Mons Sancti Michaelis in periculo Maris, a Town built with great art upon an inaccessible Rock in the Sea; between Bretagne and Normandy; whence came the first Institution of the Knights of the Order of S. Michel. It belongs to Normandy, and is seated at the Mouth of the River Lers; at a low Water it may be approached by Land; besides the Castle, it has an Abbey and a Church built by Aubert (Bishop of Auranches) in 706, in the Reign of Childebert, King of France. The Rock had been chosen for a Retreat by Hermites in the times foregoing. This Town stands four Leagues from Auranches to the West, and the same distance from S. Malo to the East. The Sand here is good for making of Salt. § In Mounts Bay in the County of Cornwal, there is of this name a Hill, called S. Michael's Mount; separated by a sandy Plain from the Main Land; but at Ebb water accessible on foot. This Mount riseth to a good heighth, and bears an old Fort upon the top of it.

Ilha de S. Miguel, one of the Tercera Islands in the Atlantick Ocean, under the Portugueze; betwixt Tercera to the North and S. Maria to the South. The principal Settlements in it are S. Antonio; Villa Franca, and Punta del gada. § The Venetians are Masters of an Island of the same name upon the Coast of Dalmatia, near Zara, in the Adriatick; which they call, Isold di san Michele: others, Ʋgliana. § There is a third, Isla de S. Miguel, in the East Indian Ocean; betwixt Calamianes or Paragoia to the North, and Borneo to the South.

S. Miguel, Fanum Sancti Michelis, Michaelopolis, a City of South America, in the Kingdom of Peru, and Presecture of Quitoa; seated in the Valley of Piura; twelve Miles from the South Sea. The first Colony the Spaniards setled in this Province. The Indians used to call it Chila. There is a Town of the same Name in New Spain, in the Province of Guatimala; at the Mouth of the River Lempa; sixty Miles from Guatimala to the East. Another in New Granada. A fourth called S. Miguel del Estero, in Tucumania; twenty eight Leagues from San Jago del Estero; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of la Plata.

S. Mihel, a City in Lorain, upon the Maes; in the Dukedom of Bar; between Toul to the South, and Verdun to the North.

S. Miniato al Tedesco, Miniatum Teutonis, a City of Hetruria, in the Dukedom of Florence; built upon an Hill by the River Arno; between Florence

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to the East, and Pisa to the West; twenty Miles from either. Heretofore a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Florence.

S. Morris, a Town in the County of Vallesia.

S. Neots, or S. Needs, a Market Town in the County of Huntingd. in the Hundred of Toseland: Deriving its Name from a learned Monk of Glastenbury, called Neotus; whose Body being translated hither from S. Neots or Neotstoke in Cornwall, the Palace of Earl Elfride in this Town was in honour thereof converted into a Monastery.

S. Nicolas, Fanum Sancti Nicolai, a pleasant Town upon the Meurte in Lorain; two Leagues above Nancy to the South; much addicted to the Honour of S. Nicolas Bishop of Myra, whose Reliques it reserves. § There is another Town of the same Name in Flanders, three Miles from Antwerp toward Gant; from which it stands five Miles.

S. Nicolas, a City of Moscovy, upon the White Sea; on the Western Shoar of the River Dwina, over against Archangel, from which it stands ten German Miles to the North-West. A Place of so considerable a Trade, that the White Sea is from it frequently called the Bay of S. Nicolas; into which the Dwina falls.

S. Omers, Audomarensis Ʋrbs, a City in Artois; heretofore called the Abbey of Sithieu; upon the River Aa, which beneath Gravelin falls into the British Sea; eight Miles from Bologne to the East, three from Arras to the North, six from Dunkirk to the South-East, and five from Gravelin to the East. It has this Name from Audomarus, a holy Bishop, who died here in 695. Made a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Cambray, (in 1559.) in the stead of Terouanne, a ruined City, which stands three Miles from it to the North. Fulco, Abbot of S. Bartin, began to wall it about the year 880. Baldwin II. Earl of Flanders, perfected that Work in 902 There was a Council held here in 1099, under Robert Earl of Flanders; and another in 1583. About 1595, Philip II. King of Spain, sounded here a College for English Jesuits, to which he gave a good Annuity. That House has since purchased Watton Cloister; a pleasant Place belonging before to the Benedictines, two Leagues from S. Omers; which is worth five hundred pounds a year. In 1639, the French besieged this Place without any good success▪ But in 1677, the Spanish Forces being much weakened after the Battel of Cassel, they took it; and by the Treaty of Nimeguen in 1678, it was yielded to them. Long. 23. 22. Lat. 50. 47. It is a handsome, large City, strongly sortified; near a great Lake, with the River and a Marsh on one side of it, and a Castle and Fosses on the other.

S. Palais, Fanum S. Palatii, the capital Town of the Lower Navarre, under the French: situated upon the River Bidouss•, near Grammont.

S. Papoul, Fanum Papuli, a small City in Languedoc; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tolouse, by the Institution of Pope John XXII: who changed its antient Monastery, that had been sounded about the end of the eighteenth Contury, into a Cathedral in the year 1317. Five Leagues from Carcassone to the South-West, and nine from Tolouse.

S. Paul de Leon. See Leon, or Leondoul.

S. Paul de Trois Chasteaux, Augusta Tricastinorum, Sancti Pauli Tricastinorum Civitas, an ancient City; ascribed by Pliny to Gallia Narbonensis, now in the Dauphine; and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Arles. but formerly of Vienne. It is a flourishing Town, built upon an advanced Cliff; one Mile from the Rhosne; four from Montelimart to the South, and from Oranges to the North. The Huguenots had the possession of it near fifty years in the last Age, till 1599. It is the Capital of the Territory, called Tricastin; which preserves the name of the antient People, Tricastini, mentioned by Ptolemy.

S. Pierre le Moutier, Monasterium Sancti Petri, a Town in the Province of Nivernois; in which the Law-Courts of that Province are fixed. It stands between Nevers to the North, and Moulins to the South; seven Leagues from either.

S. Pons de Tomiers, Tomeria or Pontiopolis, Sancti Pontii Tomeriarum Ʋrbs, a City of Languedoc; which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Narbonne; from whence it stands eight Leagues to the North, and a little more from Alby to the North-West. It is a small City, seated amongst the Mountains, not much peopled; and honored with this Bishops See by Pope John XXII. in 1318: who at the same time changed its Benedictine Abbey, that had been founded in the year 936. by Raymond, sirnamed Pons (Pontius) Earl of Tolouse, into a Cathedral: The Bishop is Lord of the Place.

S. Quintin, Augusta Nova Veromanduorum, Quinctinopolis, Samarobrina, Quintini Fanum, a City of Picardy upon the River Somme (or rather between it and the Oyse); which sprung out of a Roman Town called Augusta Nova, &c. two Miles from this Place. It stands six Leagues from Peronne to the North-East, and seven from Cambray to the South. Taken by the Spaniards in 1557, after a great Defeat of the French Forces upon S. Quintin's day, Aug. 10: and restored by the Treaty of Cambray, in 1559. The French sometimes write it S. Quentin. It is the Capital of the County of Vermandois in Picardy; hath been honoured with the Sessions of French Synods in the yeares 1235. 1237. and 1271. and now contains divers Monasteries and Churches, besides a Collegiate Church.

S. Semi, a small Town in Provence, four Leagues from Arles: adorned with a Collegiate Church of the Foundation of Pope John XXII. about the year 1330. Its antient Name was Glanum. There are Urns, Medals, and Inscriptions frequently discovered here, which prove its Antiquity, And near it, a triumphal Arch, with a stately Mausoleum illustrated with Trophies, is observed with admiration.

S. Semo, Fanum S. Remuli or Remigii, a Sea-Town upon the Coasts of Genoua in Italy: in a fruitful Country for Oranges, Citrons, and Olives.

Santa Saba, so called by the Italians; or the Province of Arcegovina; lies between Dalmatia, Bossinia, and the Quarter of Montenegro; seventy Miles long, thirty broad; inhabited by about fifty thousand Families, of which the Turks make not the tenth part. Castlenovo stands in this Province. The Inhabitants were very forward to put themselves under the Protection of the Venetians, in 1688.

S. Salvador, Soteropolis, the Capital City of the Kingdom of Congo in Africa; seated one hundred and forty Miles to the East from the Ocean, and sixty from the River Zaire to the South. The Inhabitants call it Banza; but the devout Portuguese gave it this Name.

S. Salvador, Soteropolis, a City in South America; which is the Capital of Brasil, an Archbishops See; the Seat of the Vice-Roy, and of the Courts of Justice for that Kingdom. It stands on the Eastern Shoar of Brasil; has a capacious Harbor on the Ocean; strongly fortified; and defended by three Forts; yet the Hollanders took this City in 1624. The year following, the Portuguese recovered it, and are at this day in the Possession of it. The Archbishops See was erected in 1676, by Pope Innocent XI.

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San Salva•o•, a •••ll City in North America, in the Province of Gua•i••ala; called by the Natives Cuzcatlan. It stands •orty Miles from S. Jago to the North-East, by a small Lake.

S. Sebastian, Fanum Sancti Sebasliani, a City of great strength, seated at the foot of an Hill, on the Shoars of the Ocean; at the Mouth of the River Orio, in the Province of Guipusc•a in Spain; not above three Leagues from the Borders of Gallicia to the West, twelve from Bayonne to the West, and the same distance from Pampelona to the North.

S. Sehastian, a City in Brasil in America; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of S. Salvador; and the Capital of a Province; it has also a large Haven secured by two Forts: in the Hands of the Portuguese.

S. Sever, Severopolis, a City of France; which is the Capital of Gascoigne, properly so called; upon the River Adour; six Miles beneath Aire to the West, eight above Dax to the East, and twenty three from Bourdeaux to the South.

San Severo, a small City in the Kingdom of Naples; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Manfredonia; but exempt from his Jurisdiction. It stands in the Capitanate in a Plain; eleven Miles from the Adriatick Sea to the South, and twenty four from Manfredonia to the West. This Bishoprick was setled here by Pope Gregory XIII. it being a flourishing populous City.

S. Severina, Siberina, a City in the further Calabria in the Kingdom of Naples; which is but small, yet an Archbishops See. It stands upon a steep Rock by the River Neeto; ten Miles from the Ionian Sea, twelve from Crotone, and forty from Cosenza.

San Severino, Septempeda, a City in the Marquisate of Anconitana; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Fermo. It is small, tho of great Antiquity. In 543. Septempeda, the Roman Town, was burnt by the Goths. In 1498. there was a Castle built, which in time, and by degrees, produced this City: in 1598, first made a Bishops See by Pope Sixtus the Fifth. It is built by the River Potenza; six Leagues from Tolentino to the West, and sixteen from Macerata to the South-West.

S. Simon, a Town in the County of Vermandois in Picardy▪ upon the River Somme, betwixt S. Quentin and Ham; Honoured with the Title of a Dukedom, and giving name to an antient Family there.

S. Thierry, an Abbey near Reims, in the Province of Champaigne: founded about the year 525; and after being ruined by the Saracens, repair'd again in the ninth Century. A Council was held at it in 953.

S. Thomaso, Melange, a City of the hither East-Indies, called by the Natives Maliapur. It is a City of Coromandel, on the Bay of Bengala; two hundred Miles from the Island of Zeilan or Ceilan to the North. This Town which has been a long time in the Hands of the Portuguese, had the Name of S. Thomas given it by them. In 1671. the French took it: but two Years after they were forced to leave it, and the Portuguese recovered their Possession.

S. Thomas, is an Island of a considerable bigness in the Atlantick Ocean; said to be thirty Spanish Leagues in compass, or one hundred and thirty English Miles round. It was found by the Portuguese the twenty third of December (being S. Thomas's day) and therefore so called, in 1405. When they thus found it, it was one continued Forest, never before inhabited by men. The Portuguese have tamed those (till then) untouched Forests, and since well peopled it: The Negroes live longer, and thrive better than their Masters; some of which have died here at an hundred and ten years of Age. The Air is excessive hot; so that no Wheat will come to any perfectior▪ nor any Stone-Fruit, Sugar Canes thrive excessively; forty Ship Loads have been brought from thence in one Year. In the midst there is a Mountain, always shadowed with Clouds, and covered with Trees, which occasions those Dews which nourish the Sugar Canes in the hottest Seasons. The principal City is called Pavoasan, or S. Thomas, built of Wood; yet adorned with the Title of a Bishops See, and a strong Cittadel; and makes about seven hundred Portuguese Families. This Island was taken by the Hollanders in 1599, and abandoned: and again in 1641. But then the Portuguese having used all fair means to recover it the second time in vain, they entered it with their Swords; and by sorce of Arms recovered what was their just Right. This Island lies exactly under the Line, in Long. 27. one hundred and eighty Miles from the Coast of Africa, in nigh a Circular Figure.

S. Trinidad de Buenos Ayres, Fanum Sanctae Trinitatis, a City of South America, in the Province of Paragua; and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of La Plata; the Seat of the Courts of Justice of La Plata; a celebrated Sea-Port, and Emporium, seated on the South side of the River of Plate, where it enters the Ocean. The Spaniards (under whom it is) have added Buenos Ayres, Good Air, to its Name, to shew its greatest Excellence.

S. Tropez, Fanum Sancti Torpetis, a small but very strong City of Provence in France: which has a Sea-Port or Haven upon the Mediterranean Sea; five Leagues from Frejus or Fregiu to the South, and twelve from Toulon to the East.

S. Truyen, or S. Tron, as the French call it; Fanum Sancti Trudonis; a Town in the Bishoprick of Leige, in the Borders of Brabant; the Capital of the County of Hasbain or Haspengow; five German Miles from Maestricht to the West, and from Liege to the East. It was walled, but dismantled in 1673.

S. Venant, Fanum Sancti Venantii, a Town in Artois in the Low Countries; seated upon the River Lise, two Leagues from Arras: formerly a Place of great strength; but now neglected by the French, who have possessed it ever since 1659.

S. Veit, Candocilla, Fanum Sancti Viti, a City of Carinthia; at the Conjunction of the Wiltz, and the Glac; two German Miles from Glagenfurt toward Girkaw; built in a very fruitful Valley.

S. Veit am-Flaum, Fanum Sancti Viti F•omoniensis, a strong Town in Carniola; which has a Castle and an Haven on the Gulph of Venice; in the Borders of Croatia; in subjection to the Emperor.

Saintes, or Sainctes, Mediolanum Santonum, Santona, Santones, Ʋrbs Santonica, a City in Aquitain: the Capital of the Province of Saintonge, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Bourdeaux. It stands upon the River Charente; twenty Leagues from Bourdeaux to the North, eleven from Rochelle to the South-East. Great, but not equally rich and populous. This City was in the times of the Romans built upon an Hill; where there appears the Ruins of a Roman Theatre, and many other Antiquities: this first Pile being ruined by the Goths, Franks, and other Barbarous Nations; the present was built nearer the River, and in a lower Ground. In the times of the Civil Wars of France in the last Age, this City had also a great share; the Hugonots for a long time being Masters of it. It hath now divers religious Houses. In 563. a Council here deposed Emeritus Bishop of the Place, for having entered upon the See by the Regal Authority, against the Consent of the Metropolitan and the Bishops of the Province: which Decree drew upon the Authors of it a fevere Pr•secution from the Crown.

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Saintonge, or Xaintonge, Santonia, a great and fruitful Province of France: bounded on the North by Poictou, on the East by Angoumois, on the South by the Garonne, (which separates it from Guienne,) and on the West by the Bay of Aquitain. This was the Seat of the Santones, an ancient Nation of the Galls: its Capital is Saintes: the other Cities of Note are Brouges, S. Jean de Angely, and Taillebourg. The Rivers Garonne; Charante, Seudre, &c. water it. They make great quantities of Salt in this Province. The Romans had their Colonies in it: who often deride the short Cloaks or Gowns worn by the ancient Gauls here; as Martial,

Gallia Santonico vestit te Bardocucullo: Cercopithecorum penula nuper erat.

The same habit towards the Sea Coasts, is in use with the common People to this day. This Province fell to the Crown of England, together with Gascoigne, Guienne, &c. by the Marriage of Eleanor of Guienne with K. Henry II. of England.

Sala, the same with Saal.

Salado, Salsum, a River of Spain: in Anddlusia, called Guadajox; which between Sivil and Corduba falls into the Guadalquivir.

Salamanca, Salmantica, a City in Spain; called Ʋrbs Vettonum by Ptolemy, and perhaps the same with Polybius his Elmantica; it stands in the Kingdom of Leon, upon the River Tormes; a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Compostella; and an University, founded by Alfonsus IX. King of Leon, in the year 1200, which is one of the most considerable in that Kingdom, adorned with noble Schools and a large Library. About ten Leagues from Zamora to the South, fourteen from the Borders of Portugal to the East, and two and twenty from Valladolid to the South-West: upon several Hills, in a very unequal Situation; of a small circuit, ill built, worse repaired: most of the Houses being falling down; and besides its Churches, Monasteries, and Colleges, has nothing that deserves Regard. Long. 14. 45. Lat. 41. 15.

Salamis, Salamine, an ancient Archiepiscopal City in the Island of Cyprus: which boasted of the honour of having its Church founded by the Apostle S. Barnabas; whose Body was discovered to lye here, in 485. It afterwards took the name of il Porto Costanzo or Constantia. The Philosopher Anaxarchus suffered in this City the pounding to death in a mortar, by the order of Nicocreon King of Cyprus, with a singular constancy. It is now utterly ruined.

Salamis, an Island. See Coluri.

Sa•andra, Salandrilla, or A•alandra, a River in the Basilicate in the Kingdom of Naples; passing by Risetto (and thence called also Piume di Rosetto) to the gulph of Taranto.

Salawar, Zalawar, or Zalad, a County in the Lower Hungary, upon the Borders of Stiria: with the Drave to the South, and the County of Vesprin to the North. Kanisa stands in this County▪ upon the River Sala. But the Capital Town of it bears the same name of Salawar.

Sale, Sala, a City ascribed in ancient time by Ptolemy to Mauritania Tingitana; seated at the Mouth of a River of the same Name; on the Shoars of the Kingdom of Fez, on the Atlantick Ocean. A place of great Trade, and has a noble Habor; but it is an infamous Nest of Pirat•. It was heretofore a Common-Wealth; now under the King of Fez, who is Master of the Castle. It stands one hundred Miles from Fez to the West, and Tangier to the South. Almanesor one of the Moorish Kings much beautified it, and was after buried in it. The Spaniards took it in 1287; who lost it in ten days again: in 1632. King Charles I. sent a Fleet against this City; which blocked it up by Sea, whilst the King of Morocco besieged it by Land; and by this means brought it under: the Works being levelled and those Rogues Executed; for which King Charles had three hundred Christian Captives sent him as a Recompence, a Reward worthy of that Holy King. Long. 6. 40. Lat. 33. 50.

Sale, the same with Saal.

Sale, Sala, a River in Quercy, a Province of France.

Sale, Sala, a Province of the Kingdom of Bosnia.

Salefica, Saleucia, a City in Cilicia, in the Lesser Asia; which is a Bishops See, under the Patriarch of Antioch. It stands seventy Miles from Tarsus to the West, and twelve from the Shoars of the Mediterranean Sea to the North: called by Niger, Seleschia. Long. 64. Lat. 38. 40.

Salentini, the ancient Inhabitants of Terra di Otranto, in the Kingdom of Naples; in the Roman times.

Salerno, Salernum, Salerna, a City in the Kingdom of Naples, which was a Roman City and Colony; called by Strabo and Livy, Ʋrbs Picentinorum. Now an Archbishops See, a Principality, and the Capital of the Hither Principato. It stands upon the River Busanola; upon the Shoars of the Tyrrhenian Sea, upon which it has a Bay called by its own Name, and a safe and large Haven; twenty four Miles from Naples to the South-East, and thirty from Benevento to the South. Long. 38. 44. Lat. 40. 33. This Archbishoprick was founded by Pope Boniface VII. in 974. The Body of S. Matthew the Apostle is said to be in this Place. Pope Gregory VII. died here in 1085. It has a Castle and many Antiquities, which are the Remainders of the Roman Works. When Naples had distinct Kings, the Title of this place belonged to the eldest Son of that Kingdom. In the years 1615. and 1579. there were two small Councils held at it.

Salettes, a Carthusian Nunnery of great note and quality, upon the frontiers of Dauphine in France; toward la Bresse.

Salfe••d, an Abbey in Thuringia in Germany.

Salii, an ancient People of Provence in France: who, as we find in Strabo, Mela, &c. extended themselves from about Aix as far as to Nice. § There was another Nation of the Salii, in the Tract now called Sallant from them, in Overyssel in the Low Countries.

Saline, Didyme, one of the Liparee Islands, belonging to Sicily; twelve Miles in circuit, and fruitful in Allum. Near this place the Dutch received a great Defeat from the French at Sea, in 1676. Baudrand. The Italians call it Didimo.

Salino, Suinus, a River in the Kingdom of Naples; which springeth out of the Ap••hine; and •inning through the Further Abruzzo, watering Penn•, (a City of that Province) and Pescara, falls into the Gulph of Venice.

Salingstede, Salin•stadium, a Town in Franconia upon the Maine; four Miles above Franck fort to the East. By Charles the Great made a Bishap's See; but in 780, this Chair was removed to Hailb•une. It was then a very great City: since become subject to the Bishop of Mentz.

Salins, Salinae, a strong City in the Franche Comté, upon the River Forica; eight Loagues from Dole to the East, and fifty eight from Geneva to the North. It is seated in a fruitful Valley (betwixt two Mountains) called Scoding; which has been the reason, why this City in the Latin Writers of the middle Ages is called Sc•dingum; there belong to it two Castles and several Salt-Springs, which are boiled up to an excellent white Salt. This City was taken by the French in 1668, and again in 1674: ever since which last Date, it has continued in their Hands, by the peace of Nimeguen. It hath four Parishes and divers religious Houses.

Sall, Sala, a Town in Westmannia in Sweden; between Ʋpland and Nericia; five Swedish Miles from Ʋpsal to the W. which has been much celebrated on the account of some silver Mines it had heretofore.

Sallant, Sallandia, that is, the Land of the Salii; a considerable part of the Province of Overyssel; and one of the three parts of that Province; towards the Yssel and Zuider Sea: in which are the Towns of Deventer, Zwol, Campen and Steenwick.

Salisbury. See Sarisbury.

Salme, Salmona, a small Town in Lorain; the Capital of a Territory, called the Principality of Salme; which ever since 1460, has belonged to a Branch of the Family of the Rhine-graves. It lies in the Borders of Alsatia, within Mount Vauge; twenty Miles from Nancy to the East.

Salnich, Celidnus, a River which in Pliny's time was the Southern Boundary of Macedonia: it falls into the Adriatick Sea, on the North side of the Crosfo della Valona in the Kingdom of Albania; over against Ot ranto in Italy.

Salo. See Xalon.

Salon, Salum, a Town in Provence in France, betwixt Aix and Arles; which hath the honour of a Collegiate Church, and divers religious Houses. Being the more remarkable also for giving birth to the two famous Michael and Caesar Nostradamus's.

Salona, a City of Dalmatia; formerly a place of great Esteem, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Spalatro. The Emperor Dioclesian retreated hither, after his resignation of the Empire. It espoused Caesar's interest in the Civil Wars betwixt him and Pompey: and, when besieg'd by Octavius, it repulsed all his attempts with the greatest obstinacy and bravery. That old City being ruined by the Sclavonians, lies now in its Ruins; near which the Venetians have built a Castle, at the Mouth of a River, both of the same Name; five Miles from Spalatro to the North. This Castle is in the Hands of the Venetians.

Salonichi. See Thessalonica.

Salses, or Sausses, Salsulae, a strong Castle in the County of Rousillon; built on an Hill by a Lake of the same Name, in the Borders of Languedoc: four Leagues from Perpignan to the North, and two from the Mediterranean Sea West. This Castle was built by the Spaniards against the Inroads of the Castle of Leucate; but taken by the French in 1640, and confirm'd to them by the Treaty of the Pyrenees. The derivation of its name is taken from the Salt-Springs near it.

Saltfleet, a Market Town in Lincolnshire, in the Hundred of Loutheaske, upon the Sea: much frequented in the Summer Season for its good Fish.

Salwarp, a River in Worcestershire, falling into the Severn. Droitwich and Bromesgrove stand upon the Banks of it.

Saltzburg, Juvavia, Salisburgum, Poedicum, Hadriana, a great City in the Circle of Bavaria in Germany; which is an Archbishops See, upon the River Saltzor; and has a very strong Castle, built on an advanced ground, under the Dominion of its own Archbishop; together with a very large Territory called the Bishoprick of Saltzburg. This City stands nineteen Miles from Inspruck to the North-East, seventeen from Munchen to the East, and thirteen from Ilstadt to the South. Historians do generally believe, that it was at first the Capital of Noricum; in which the ancient Geographers place it. Made an Archbishops See, in the year 798, in the times of Charles the Great; having before been a Bishop's See, in the fifth Century: but the Goths sacking the City, and destroying the Christians, the succession to that See suffered an interruption nigh two Ages. It was also for some time an Imperial and Free City, but since exempted. In 1195. the Emperour Henry VI. reduced it into ashes: but being reedified, it carries the name at present one of the best and strongest Cities in Germany. Made lately an University too, by an Archbishop of it, under the Regency of the Benedictines; and adorned with a new Cathedral, in 1628 which passes for one of the most magnificent Piles in Christendom.

The Archbishoprick of Saltzburg, Salisburgensis Ditio, is a Province in the Circle of Bavaria in Germany; between Carinthia and Stiria to the East, the lower Bavaria, and the Earldom of Tirol to the West; Austria to the North, and the Bishoprick of Brixen and Carinthia to the South. The Bishoprick of Chiemzee is incorporated with this Archbishoprick. The Archbishop besides is a Prince of the Empire, and a Legatus Natus from the Roman See in Germany.

Saltzor, Saltzach, Juvavius, a River of Germany which ariseth from Mount Taurus in the Earldom of Tirol; and washing Saltzburg (which has its Name from this River,) falls into the Inns between Oetingen and Branaw; below Burehausen, a Town of Bavaria.

Les Salvages, two barren and desert Islands toward the Coast of Africa, of the number of the Canaries: only they swarm with Fowl.

Saluces, Saluzzes, or Saluzzo, a Marquisate in Piedmont, at the Foot of the Alpes; heretofore a Fife of Dauphine, and annexed to France; but granted by Henry IV. to Charles Emanuel Duke of Savoy in exchange for la Bresse, Beugey, (and some others on this side the Alpes) about the year 1601. It is bounded by Piedmont on the North and East; by the Dauphine on the West; and by the County of Nizza on the South. The River Po owes its head to Mount Viso in this Marquisate; and the strong Fortress of Carmagnole is one of its dependencies. It takes its Name from Saluzzo, Salutiae, the principal Town: which ever since the year 1511, has been a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Turin. It stands upon an Hill at the Foot of the Alpes; about one Mile from the Po, ten from Fossano to the West, and twenty four from Turin to the South; secured by a strong Castle, and adorned with a most magnificent Cathedral. This City was anciently called Augusta Vagiennorum.

Samachonitis, or Semechonitis, the Lake of Meroz: made by the River Jordan in Palestine, on the North of the Sea of Galilee. About sixty Greek Stadia in length, and thirty in breadth. In the Winter, swelled with the Snow from the Mountain Libanus.

Samandria. See Spenderobi.

Sambales, the little Islands near the Peninsula of Jucatan in New Spain, in America; where good Amber-Greese is fished up with great dexterity by the Indians.

Sambas, Sambasum, a City on the North side of the Island of Borneo in the East-Indies, which has an Harbour upon the Ocean; though it lies thirty Miles from the Shoar up into the Land.

Sambia, a Province of Prussia, called by the Poles Szamlandt; one of those twelve Counties, into which Prussia was divided by Venodotius (one of its Princes) in 733. § Also a Bishops See under the Archbishop of G••sna, whose Seat was at Coningsperg; but now united with the Bishoprick of Ermeland or Warmerland. It lies between the Bay of Curland to the North, the River Pregel to the South; and was a part of the Circle of Natingen; now under the Duke of Brandenburg.

Sambre, Sabis, Saba, a River of the Low-Countries; which a•iseth in Picardy; and soon after entring Hainault, divides it; watring Landrecy, Berlamont, and Maubeuge. It passeth by Charleroy to Namur, the Capital of the Province; and there falls into the Maes.

Samnites, an ancient and powerful people of Italy: who inhabited the Countries now contained in the Terra di Lavoro, the Capitanata, the Abruzzo, the Dukedom of Benevento, &c. and made War with the Romans a long time before they could be entirely reduced.

Samo, Samos, Parthenia, Cyparissa, an Island belonging to the Lesser Asia, in the Ionian Sea, near Ionia; as being but five Miles from the nearest Shoar of Ephesus, and sixty from Chius, (now Sio) to the South. It is about eighty in compass. It has a City on the East side, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Ephesus; so poor, that it will scarce find its Bishop Bread: yet is this Island so fruitful, that almost nothing can be planted, which the Earth will not bring to maturity. The Wines of it are exceeding pleasant; but for want of a Trade and encouragement, the Inhabitants plant little more than they use. The Inhabitants were so powerful in ancient times, that they managed a prosperous War against the Ephesians; and afterwards against the Athenians and Milesians, about the year of Rome 313. and the eighty fourth Olympiad: till Pericles about the year of the World 3510. reduced them. Upon his departure, they reassumed their Liberty; and forced him to besiege their City nine Months before he could take it; to invent the Battering Ram, and several other Engines for that purpose; and even after this, they sustained some other Wars. Their greatest Glory was Pythagoras, the Father of Philosophy. Juno was their principal Patroness and Goddess, in whose honour there was a famous Temple erected by them. This Island once so powerful, rich and populous, is by the Turks (who are Masters of it) reduced to that mean and depopulated condition, that a few Pyrates dare land and plunder it as they please. So that ever since 1676. no Turk durst venture to live upon it, lest he should be carried into Captivity by these Rovers; as four of them were then by Monsieur Crevellier, a famous Privateer.

Samogithia, a Province of the Kingdom of Poland; called by the Inhabitants Samodzka-Zembla; by the Poles Samudska-Ziemia; by the Germans Samaiten, by the French Samogitie. It is a very large Province; bounded on the North by Curland, on the East by Lithuania, on the South by Prussia Ducalis, and on the West by the Baltick Sea; its length from East to West is thirty five German Miles, but not of equal breadth. The principal Towns in it are Midniky (or Womie), Kowno and Rossienie; which last, is the Capital of this Province. It was anciently divided into twelve Counties, now into three; and overspread with dark thick Woods. Yet it is a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Gnesna, the Bishop having his Residence at Womie; and this Province is very often included in Lithuania largely taken; the Fortunes of which it has always followed.

Samoiede, or Samoyedes, Samoieda, a Province in the North-East of Muscovy, upon the Frozen Sea; lying on both sides of the River Obb, which is subject to the Czars; but in such manner, that the People are almost free. This is a part of the Ancient Scythia or Sarmatia; and had this Name given them by the Russ, which signifies Self-Eaters: it being their Custom to eat Mans Flesh, even that of their nearest Relations, (mixed with Venison) to this day. They have no Cities, yet they are no wandring Nation: their Cabbins or Huts are built one half above, and the other beneath the Earth; with an hole at the top, which serves both, for a Door and a Chimney; the Snow rising sometimes the depth of a Pike above the Earth: they have also Passages under the ground, to go from Caban to Caban at such times; for six Months of the year they have a perpetual Night, and the rest perpetual Day. They have neither Wooll nor Corn; their Food is Fish dried in the Wind and Sun, Honey and Venison; their Cloaths are the Skins of Beasts dressed with the Plair on; and sewed with the Nerves of Beasts, instead of Thread; which by mixing various Colours, they will so diversifie, as to represent Forest Works and Flowers as they please. They are low o• Stature; have large flat Faces, small Eys, short Legs, and wear their Hair very long. Till of late they were Pagan Idolaters. When the Dutch in 1595. discovered these Coasts, there were great numbers of Idols upon the Shoar; of which they would not suffer the Hollanders to carry any one away; they have been since converted to Christianity, and baptized by one U•adimer (a Bishop), who was sent to them by the Russ. Ol•arius.

Samosata, the Capital City of the ancient Comagena in Syria: which since the times of Christianity, hath been a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Edessa. A noted place for giving Birth to Lucian, and Paulus Samosat•nus the condemned Patriarch of Antioch. Now called Schems••.

San, Sanus, a River of Poland, which arising from the Carpathian Mountains in the Borders of Hungary; and running through Red Russia by Przemislaw, and Jaroslaw, two Cities of that Province; and being by this time augmented by some other Rivers, entreth the Lesser Poland; and at Sendomir falls into the Vistula.

Sana, Sanaa, the Capital City of the Happy Arabia, equal to Damascus; and being seated upon a Mountain, said to enjoy a very temperate Air. It stands fifty Miles from the Red Sea. Hoffman supposeth it to be the same with Pliny's Saphar.

Sanbich, or Sanabach, a Market Town in Cheshire, in the Hundred of Northwich, upon the River Welock.

Sancerre, Sacrum Cereris, Sacro-Caesarinum, a Town in the Dukedom of Berry in France, upon the Loyre. It stands on an advanced ground, fortified heretofore with a Castle and other Works; till it was taken from the Huguenots in 1573. by Famine, and demolished.

Sandeez, Sandecium, a City of the Lesser Poland, in the Palatinate of Cracovia; upon the River Dunaick, towards the Mountains; ten Polish Miles from Cracow to the South. It stands at the foot of the Carpathian Hills; well fortified, and the Capital of the Territory in which it stands.

Sandham, a Town in the South-East parts of the Isle of Wight, upon a Bay of its own name: fortified with a Castle.

Sando, Sandum, a City in Japan, on the North side of the Island of Niphonia.

Sandwich, Rutupiae, is now a small Corporation on the Eastern Coast of Kent; above eight Miles from Dover to the North, and the same distance from Canterbury to the East. This Town sprung up out of the Ru•s of Rutupiae, an old Roman City; which falling into decay under the Saxons, was intirely ruined by the Danes. Sandwich (the Daughter) also felt the fury of the Danes; but she got up again, and in the Norman t••es was one of the Cinque Ports. Lewis Dauphine of France, burnt it in 1217. Edward III. recovered it from Christ-Church in Canterbury; (to which it had been given by Canutus the Dane, when he was crowned King of England, by exchange,) and reunited it to the Crown of England. In the Reign of Henry VI. it was burnt by the French. But its greatest Calamity, was the sinking of a great Ship belonging to Pope Paul IV. in the very entry of the Haven, which proved an incurable Mischief. The Dutch in some degree contributed to the Consolation of these Misfortunes, by settling a Trade of Bay-making in it. Charles II. honoured it, by creating Edward, Baron Montague of S. Neots, Viscount Hinchinbrook and Earl of Sandwich, July 12. 1660. who was slain in a Sea-Fight, May 28. 1672. and succeeded by Edward his eldest Son.

Sangari, Sangarius, Angarius, a River of the Lesser Asia, which arising out of the Mountain Dindymus, and flowing through the Greater Phrygia falls into the Euxine Sea in Bithynia. Now called also Zagari, Sacari, and Acada: its out-let is thirty seven Italian Miles West of Nicomedia, and sixty two East of Heraclea, as Strabo saith.

Sanglayes, the Chinese of the Philippine Islands.

Sangro, Sarus, Sagrus, a River and a Castle in Abruzzo, in the Kingdom of Naples.

Sanguesa, Oppidum Suessitanorum, Sangossa, a small City in the Kingdom of Navarr, upon the River Aragon; thirteen Spanish Leagues from Calahorra, (a City of Old Castile to the East;) and eight from Pampelune to the North-East. It was a Roman Town.

Sanguinara, Alesus, a small River in S. Peter's Patrimony, in the States of the Church in Italy; which arising near the Lake di Bracciano, and running South, falls into the Tyrrhenian Sea; twenty Miles from Rome toward Civita Vecchia.

Santen, Santae, Castra Vetera, Trajana Colonia, Xanthus, Santena, a small Town of great Antiquity, in the Dukedom of Cleve; not far from the Rhine; two German Miles from the Wesel to the West, Nimeguen to the East, and Gelders to the North. This was the Birth-place of S. Norbert, the Founder of the Order of the Praemonstratenslan Monks.

Santerini, an Island of the Archipelago towards Europe; sixty Miles from Candia, and about thirty in Circumference. Called by the Ancients Thera, Philatera, and Calistus. By Italians, Santa Irene; whence come Sainterini and Santerini. It hath the name besides of Gozi. Inhabited by Latin and Greek Christians, each under their respective Bishop: but the former are far the most numerous. It affords no Springs nor Rivers, nor Corn, and not much Wine: being a dry parched Soil, troubled with Subterraneous Mines of Sulphur, which sometimes break out into Flames, and cast up Stones into the Air with wonderful violence. Barley, Hirse, Melons and Cucumbers, are its ordinary product; and Linnen its Manufacture: for Water, it depends upon the Rain. The principal Castles in it, are S. Nicholas, Scaro, Pirgo, and Crotiri.

Santerno, Vatrenus, a River in Tuscany in Italy; which springing out of the Apennine, and flowing Northwards by Imola, falls into the Po beneath Argenta; twenty Miles above Ravenna to the West.

Santerre, Sanguitersa, a Tract in Picardy in France; between Vermandois to the East, and Amiens to the West; in which are the Towns of Peronne, Roye, Neste, and Mont de Dier.

Santo, Xanthus, a City and River in Phrygia, in the Lesser Asia; it ariseth from Mount Ida, and washing the famous City of Troy, falls into the Archipelago. Called also by the Europeans, Il Scamandro; as it was Scamander by the Ancients.

Sanctors, the same with Santerre.

•ahia de •o••s los Santos, Sinus omnium Sanctorum, a Gulph in Brasil in South America: which gives name to a Government or Province there,

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called Capitania de la bahia de todos los Sants; betwixt the Province of the Isles (Capitania dos Ilheos), and that of Seregippe del Roy. The Capital of All Saints is S. Salvador: under the Portugueze.

Santuliet, or Sanflit, Sanflita, a small, but strong Town in Brabant, upon the Schelde; between Antwerp to the South, and Bergen op Zoome to the North, three Leagues.

Soane, Savo, a small River in Campania di Roma, in Italy; which flowing through the Terra di Lavoro, (a Province of the Kingdom of Naples) falls into the Tyrrhenian Sea, between Sinuessa a ruined City, and Volturno.

Saosne, or Saone, Arar, Savona, Sangona, a great River in France; called by the Italians, Sona; it ariseth out of Mount Vauge in Lorain, near Dornay; about twelve Miles from the Fountains of the Moselle to the North-West; or as Baudrand saith, within five; and running Southward, through the upper part of Franché Comté, it watereth Gray; and beneath it, takes in the Loughon, (a great River) from the East. So it passeth by Auxone to Verdun; above which the Doule (a great River) comes in from the East. So passing by Challon, Tornus, Mascon, and Ville Franche, it entreth and divideth the City of Lyons; and soon after falls into the Rhosne, which conveys it into the Mediterranean Sea. Some derive its Latin Name Sangona, from the Blood of the Christians, colouring its Waters at Lyons in the Massacre that was committed upon them there in the Reign of Marcus Aurelius, the Emperour.

Sapienza, an Island over against the City Modon in the Morea: which gives the name of the Sea of Sapienza to that part of the Mediterranean, which watereth its Coasts. It was anciently called Spagia or Sphragia. The Corsaires of Barbary lye in Ambuscade behind this Island for Vessels, that come from the Gulph of Venice, or the Coast of Sicily.

Sara, a City of Armenia Major; and another of Illyricum; remembred in the ancient Geographies.

Sarabat, Hermus, a River of the Lesser Asia; which ariseth in the Greater Phrygia; and receiving the Rivers anciently called Crya, Hillus, and Pactolus, falls into the Bay of Smyrna.

The Saracens. Some, deriving the original of this people from Hagar and Ismael, call them Hagarenes and Ismaelites. Others make them to be descended from Cham; and that they were the Inhabitants of the ancient Saraca in Arabia, (mentioned by Ptolemy;) and of the Country whereof that City was the Capital. It is certain, they were an Arabian people: and withal, that their Name in Arabick signifies Robbers, according to the common practice of their lives; which they first began to discover in the fifth Century. Attaining in the course of time to such an universal puissance, as to over-run Syria, Persia, Palestine, Egypt; part of Sicily, Italy, France, and most of the Islands of the Mediterranean, under Kings of their own; and to withstand the united Forces of Christendom in the eleventh and twelfth Ages: till the Turks, the Caliphs of Egypt, and the Sophyes of Persia, breaking severally into their Estates; the very name of Saracen became abolished, only as it is sometimes now applied to Mahometans; because the Saracens were Mahometans.

Saragora, Cesar Augusta, Ʋrbs Edetanorum, Salduba, the Capital City of the Kingdom of Aragon in Spain; called by the Inhabitants, Zaragosa; by the Italians, Saragoza, It is an Archbishops See, of the Creation of Pope John XXII. the Seat of the Courts of Justice for that Kingdom, of an Inquisition and an University. It stands upon the River Ebro, which is here covered with a Bridge; a little above the Confluence of the Guerva, and beneath that of the Xaleon. Nonius might justly say of it; If the fertility of the Soil, the pleasantness of its Site, the beauty and elegance of the Buildings of this City be duely considered; there can nothing be desired towards the improvement of it, which is wanting. The Houses are for the most part of Brick, the Streets large and open; so that for use and beauty, it is equal to the best City in Spain. It has a strong Wall, four Gates, a great number of Towers, one Cittadel, seventeen great Churches, fourteen Monasteries, and about three Miles in Circuit: the Air is very clear and healthful, but inclining to too much heat. It is a City of great Antiquity; having been a Roman Colony, and in those times one of the principal Cities in Spain. In 381. there was a Council celebrated here; in which Priscillianus was condemned, who had a great number of followers in Spain. There were also other Councils held here in 516. 592. and 691. Prudentius, (one of the ancientest Christian Latin Poets) was a Native of this place, who flourished in the fourth Century. This City was recovered out of the hands of the Moors in 1118. The Archbishops See was renewed in 1318. It stands forty two Spanish Miles from Valencia to the North, twenty six from Pampelune; and thirty eight from the Shoars of the Mediterranean. Long. 20. 10. Lat. 42. 30.

Saragossa. See Syracusa.

Sarbruck, or Sarbrucken, Sarrae Pons, a Town of Germany, upon the River Sar; in the Borders of the Dukedom of Lorain, over against S. Jean. Three German Miles from Deux-Pontz, and nine from Metz to the East. Heretofore an Imperial and Free City of Germany; but fell afterwards under the Duke of Lorain, and now in the hands of the French; although not great, yet it is a fine Town; of great antiquity; being mentioned by Antoninus in his Itinerary.

Sarcelle, Rusicibar, an ancient Town of Mauritania Caesariensis; mentioned by Ptolemy, and Antoninus; and now in the Kingdom of Argier in Barbary. Twenty eight Miles from the Capital of that Kingdom to the West. It is a considerable Town; has a large Haven on the Mediterranean Sea, and a Castle.

Sarch, Assyria, a Province of Asia, under the Turks. See Assyria.

Sardinia, Sandalioris, Ichnusa, a great Island in the Mediterranean Sea; called by the Inhabitants, Sardenna; by the Spaniards, Sardegna; and by other Nations, Sardinia. In length from North to South one hundred and seventy Miles; in breadth from East to West ninety; in circuit five hundred. It has eleven Harbours, ninety four Watch-Towers to preserve it from the Turkish Pirats; and in the Roman times it had forty two Cities: (in the former Ages of Christianity eighteen Episcopal ones) which are now reduced to eight. The first Nation that became Masters of it, were the Carthaginians; from whom it was taken by the Romans, in the first Punick War, about the year of Rome 493. two hundred fifty seven years before the Birth of our Saviour. In the Fall of the Roman Empire, it fell into the hands of the Saracens; who in the seventh and eighth Century possessed most of the Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. In 809. Pepin; Father of Charles the Great, recovered this Island out of their hands; which after this was the subject of a long War between the States of Genoua and Pisa; till at last Pope Boniface VIII. granted it to James II. King of Arragon, about 1296. who after many Wars obtained the quiet possession of it in 1326. (or as Hoffman saith, in 1409). Ever since, it has been in that Family; Frederick II. has also given it the Title of a Kingdom. The Soil is very fruitful; but the Air equally unhealthful, or pestilential rather; insomuch that the Common-wealth and the Emperours of the Romans banished such persons to this Island, as they desired to have dead without Sword or Poyson. The Rivers Cedro and Tirso divide it into two parts, called the Cape de Lugodori and Cap de Cagliari: for its sertility, it was called the Nurse of Rome by Valerius Maximus; yet those parts of the Island to the North and East are mountainous and barren. The rest are Algher, Castel Aragonese, Bosa, Ostagni, Terra Nova, Sacer and Iglesias. A Vice-Roy for the King of Spain governs this Island.

Sardica. See Sofia.

Sardis, the ancient Metropolis of Lydia in the Lesser Asia. Not to speak of its being the Capital of the Kingdom of the famous Gyges, Cyrus we find took it in the fifty ninth Olympiad, and with it submitted all Lydia to his Empire. In the sixty ninth Olympiad, about the year of Rome 250. Aristagoras with twenty Athenian Ships took and burnt it. After this, it was rebuilt; and passed under the Empire of the Greeks. In the year of Rome 540. Antiochus conquered it. In S. John the Apostle's time it received Christianity; but for its inconstancy therein, became one of the Subjects of his Revelations; and now utterly ruined. It was a Bishops See.

Sarduni, Planasia, an Island on the Coast of Provence, in the Mediterranean Sea.

Sare, Sarvus, a River of the Low-Countries: called Sara by Venantius Fortunatus; by the Germans, die Saare; by the French, Sare; it ariseth in Mount Vauge, in the Borders of Lorain and Alsatia; near the Town of Salme: and running Northward, it watereth Sareck, Serwerdon, S. Jean, Sarsberg: and a little above Trier from the South-East falls into the Moselle.

Sarepta, an ancient City of Phoenicia, in Syria: which was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Tyre: Now called Sarafends or Saphet. The Prophet Elias miraculously augmented the Widows Oyl, and raised her dead Son to life at this place, according to the History of the Old Testament.

Sargasso, or Mar do Sargasso, is that part of the Ocean, which lies betwixt the Islands of Cape Verde, the Canaries, and the Continent of Africa: so called by the Portugueze.

Sargathia, the Asiatick Tartary, a vast Country in Asia.

Sarisbury, or Salisbury, or New Sarum, Sarisberia, Sorviodunum, Sarviodunum, Severia, is the principal City of Wiltshire: seated in the North-West part of that County, near the Borders of Hampshire and Dorsetshire; upon the Rivers of Willey, and Alan, united into one Stream; and falling presently into the Avon in such sort, as that most of the Streets of this City have a Stream commodiously running through the midst of them. This was anciently a Roman Town, by the name of Sorbiodunum: seated on a high Hill, and therefore destitute of Water. Kinrick (King of the West Saxons) was the first of that Race who possessed it, after a Defeat of the Britains in 553. Canutus the Dane much damaged it by Fire, in 1003. In the Reign of William the Conquerour it recovered, after Herman Bishop of Shirburn had removed the See hither; whose next Successor Osman built the Cathedral. William the Conquerour summoned hither all the States of England, to take an Oath of Allegiance to him. Since those times the City is removed Northward, and come down into the Plains nearer the Avon. Here there was a second Cathedral begun by Richard Poore, Bishop of this See, in 1218. Finished by Bridport the third Bishop from Poore, in 1258. which is one of the greatest and most beautiful Churches in England. Having twelve Gates, fifty two Windows, three hundred sixty five Pillars great and small, answering to the Months, Weeks, and Days of the year. The glory of this Diocese was the most Learned and Industrious Bishop John Jewel; consecrated Jan. 21. 1559. died Sept. 23. 1571. In 1153. Patrick d'Eureux was created Earl of Salisbury, and his Son William succeeded in that Honour. In 1•97. William Long-espee, (a Natural Son to Henry II. by the beautiful R•samond) marrying Ella, the Daughter of William d' Eureux, had this Honour. In 1333. William d' Montacute, King of Man, became the fifth Earl; whose Male Line in four Descents enjoyed the Honour till the year 1428. when it passed to Richard Nevil, who married Eleanor, the Daughter of Thomas Montacute, Lord Chancellour. In 1472. George Duke of Clarence, (second Brother to Edward IV.) had it in Marriage with Isabel, Daughter of Richard Nevil, the second Earl of that Line. In 1477. Edward (eldest Son of Richard III.) married Ann, the second Daughter of the said Richard; and had this Honour. In 1514. Margaret Daughter of George Duke of Clarence, was by Henry VIII. created Countess of Salisbury. In 1605. Robert Lord Cecil, was by James I. created Earl of Salisbury: in which Line it still is.

Sarlat, Sarlatum, a City of Aquitain in France, in the Province of Perigort; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Bourdeaux. It stands upon a River of the same Name; one League from the Dordonne, (betwixt the Dordogne and the Vezere, as it were in an Island;) eight from Perigueux to the South-East, and thirty from Bourdeaux to the North-East. Made a Bishops See, by Pope John XXII. in 1317. by the change of its ancient Benedictine Abbey into a Cathedral; having before been a part of the Diocese of Perigueux. It is so strongly situated, as to withstand two Sieges in the Civil Wars in 1652.

Sarnagans, Sarnagan, Sargans, Serlandt, a Town and County in Switzerland, subject to the seven Senior Cantons. The ancient Sarunetes dwelt here.

Sarno, Sarnum, a River and a City in the Hither Principato in the Kingdom of Naples; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Salerno; and a Dukedom belonging to the House of the Barberini. It is seated partly in a Plain, partly on an Hill; and has a very ancient Castle belonging to the said Family: its distance from Salerno, is thirteen Miles to the North, eight from Nola to the South, and five from Nocera. This City stands in the Borders of the Terra di Lavoro, near the Fountains of the River Sarno; which divides that Province from the Principato, and then falls into the Bay of Naples; five Miles from Castel' à Mare to the North.

Saronieus sinus, the Gulph of Engia. See Engia.

Sarsina, a City in the States of the Church in Italy, upon the River Savio; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Ravenna; small, and almost desolate. It stands in Romandiola, in the Borders of the Dukedoms of Florence, and Ʋrbino; twenty four Miles from Rimini to the West. The ancient Poet Plautus was a Native of it. There was a Synod held here in 1592.

Sartre, Sarta, a River of France, which ariseth in the Borders of Normandy, (which it separates from le Perche) and running South, watereth Alenson: then entring Maine, and passing Mans, (the Capital of it) the Huy comes in. So passing into Anjou, the small Loire falls into it from the East above Angers; a little beneath that City, they fall in•he Mayenne; which last falls into the great Loire at Ingrande, twelve Leagues above Nantes. It is written by Baudrand, Sarte.

Sarum old, a Corporation in Wiltshire in the Hundred of Alderbury: honoured with the Election of two Members of Parliament.

Sarwicze, or Zarwiza, Ʋrpanius, a River of the Lower Hungary; which ariseth near Wesprin, or Weisbrun; and running South-East, according to our later Maps, passeth through the North end of the Lake of Balaton: then through Alba Regalis: so by Dombe, Simathorn, and Sarhadel, it passeth beneath Pataseck into the Danube, five German Miles below Colocza.

Sarzana, Luna Nova, Sergianum, Serezana, a City of Hetruria in Italy; in the Borders of the States of Genoua, towards Lucca; near the Mouth of the Kiver Magra, and under the States of Genoua; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Pisa, but exempt from his Jurisdiction. This City sprung up out of the Ruins of Luna, an ancient Roman City; seated three Miles from it to the South: the Bishoprick of which was by Pope Nicholas V. removed to Sarzana in 1450. It is defended by a Ditch and a Wall, with an ancient Castle, slanked with sour Towers: upon an adjoining Hill, is a Fort called Sarzanella, which wholly commands Sarzana. Built by Castruccio, who made himself Master of the City of Lucca: after his death, it passed to Charles VI. of France, from him to the Dukes of Milan, and so to the Florentines: from whom Charles VIII. of France recovered it; whose Governour sold it to the Genouese. It lies thirty four Miles from Lucca to the North-West, and almost sixty from Genoua to the South-East.

Sas, Sacae, a Tribe, or Horde, of the Asiatick Tartars; within the Mountain Iamus: now called Chazalgita.

Sas van Gant, Gandavensis Ager, a strong Fort built by the Spaniards, four Leagues from Gant to the North; and taken by the Hollanders in 1644. who still have it.

Sassari, Sassaris, Piubium, Turris Libysonis nova, a City in the North part of the Island of Sardinia, called by the Inhabitants Sacer. It is a great and pleasant City, but not strong; seated in a Plain, and defended by a Castle: it sprung up out of the Ruins of Turritana, an old Roman Town, twelve Miles from it to the South. In 1441. Pope Eugenius IV. removed the Archbishops See, from Turritana, to Sassari; it stands eighty five Italian Miles from Calori to the North-West.

Sassenage, a Village in Dauphine in France, at the foot of the Alpes, near the Confluence of the Isere and the Drac: remarked for some Curiosities in the Caverns of a Rock there.

Sassuolo, Saxulum, a Town in the Dukedom of Modena in Italy; ten Miles from Modena to the South, which has a very strong Castle. Called by the French, Sassevil.

Sassum, Sasima, a City of Cappadocia, mentioned by Antoninus; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Cesarea; between it to the North, and Tyana to the South thirty two Miles; two hundred from Ancyra to the East. S. Gregory Nazianzen was Bishop of this See: who contributed (under Theodosius the Great) so very much to the Establishing the Catholick Religion, then oppressed by Arianism, both by his Learning and Piety.

Satalia, Attalia, a Maritim City in Pamphylia, a Province in Asia Minor, mentioned by Ptolemy; It is an Archbishops See, and the Metropolis of that Province: by the Turks called Satalyah, by the Italians Satalia. Built by Attalus (a King) at the Mouth of the River Cestrum or Cataractus; on the East-side of Mount Masicytus, to the North of the Isle of Cyprus, upon a Bay of the same Name. The Turks are at this day careful to repair the Fortifications of it and the Castle, in which their Governour resides; having a good Haven, and being frequented by the European Merchants: But notwithstanding all their care it fell into the hands of the Pirats, in the beginning of this Century; who treated it very severely, Long. 60. 50. Lat. 38. 56. The present City stands a few Miles more to the East than the old Attalia; which was nearer the Mountains, and farther from the River to the West: whereas the present stands at the very mouth of the River. The Ancients preferr'd Health before Riches, and built on high grounds: the latter Ages preferring Trade and the convenience of water, have generally removed their dwellings nearer the great Rivers and Sea shoars.

Satarchae, an ancient Warlike People of the Scythia Europaea: mentioned by Solinus, and described to have despised the use of Gold and Silver.

Satcama, a Kingdom in Japan, on the South-side of the Island Ximoa; which has a City of the same Name.

Satriano, a ruin'd City in the Basilicate, in the Kingdom of Naples, in the Borders of the Hither Principate; which has yet left its Name to the River Cecinum, now called il Cacino and di Satriano.

Sava, a great City in Persia, built in a barren Plain; within sight of Mount Alouvent; two Miles in compass, well Wall'd, thinly peopled, and for want of Inhabitants much decayed. It was built by the Saracens, as the Persians report; and since rebuilt by them. Long. 85. 00. Lat. 35. 50. See Sir John Chardin's Travels. Pag. 386.

Savatopoli, Sebastopolis, Dioscurias, Giganaeum, an ancient City of the Province of Mengrelia in Asia: upon the Euxine Sea.

Saude, Salda, a River of France, which falls into the Marne.

The Save, Savus, a great River, placed by Ptolemy in Pannonia; now called by the Germans Die Saw, by the French and English the Save. It ariseth out of the Julian Aspes, in the Ʋpper Carniola; scarce three German Miles from Volzana to the North: and flowing Eastward through Carniola, watereth Craineburg; where it is a considerable River, though not far from its Head. It watereth Labach, Cilley, and Raia. Then entring Sclavonia, (which it divides from Croatia, Bosnia, and Servia;) and passing by Zagrab, Graditzka, Possega, (at four Hungarian Miles distance to the South) to Belgrade, it there falls into the Danube; after a Course of about three hundred Miles, as Dr. Brown saith: it has several considerable Islands made by its Stream; in some of which the Romans had considerable Towns; particularly in Sisseck near Zagabria. The Waters of the Danube appear white, and troubled: those of the Save on the contrary are black and more clear: This and the Drave inclose between them that most fruitful Country called Sclavonia.

Saverne, or Zabern, Tabernae Alsatiae, a Town in Alsatia; called by the Germans Elsas Zabern, and by the French Saverne; under the Bishop of Strasburg, and his usual Residence. Antoninus mentions this Place in his Itinerary: It is a strong and populous City; had heretofore a very strong Castle, which is now demolished; and it is seated upon the River Sorr, near the Borders of Lorain: four Miles from Strasburg to the West, and from Hagenaw towards Nancy. The Lutherans were defeated before this Town in 1525. by Anthony Duke of Loraine. It yields very good Wine. § There is a second, Saverne, in the Palatinate of the Rhine in Germany, upon the River Erlbach: called by the Natives Berg Zabern, to distinguish it from Rhein Zabern; a Town in the same Province, situated at the Confluence of the Rhine and the Erlbach.

Savigliano, Savilianum, a great Town in Piedmont, upon the River Magra; under the Duke of Savoy: between Fossano to the East and Saluzzo to the West, five Miles from either.

Savio, Isapis, Sapis, a River of Italy; which springeth out of the Apennine, in the Florentine Romandiola, twelve Miles from Sarsina; and flowing through Romandia properly so called, washeth Sarsina and Sesena; and falls into the Adriatick Sea five Miles from Cervia to the West.

Sauldre, Sodera, a River of France, mentioned by Venantius Fortunatus; which ariseth in Berry, and flowing through Sologne and Blaisois, (four Leagues beneath Romorentin) falls into the Cher.

Sault, Saltus, a Castle and a County in France. The Castle is seated in the Borders of the Dauphine and Vendosmois; seven Leagues from Carpentras to the East, and four from Apte in Provence to the North; from this Castle the adjacent Country is called the Comte de Sault.

Saumont, Saluas Mons, a Town in the Diocese of Paris in France.

Saumur, Salmurium, a City of France, which has been called Truncum: it is seated in Anjou upon the River Loyre, over which it has a long Stone Bridge; eight Leagues from Angiers to the East. The Tuede a small River falls near it into the Loyre. It is a pleasant City upon an Hill; having a strong Castle, and not built above six hundred years since. This, whilst the Protestant Religion was suffered in France, was imployed by them as an University. The Oratorians have now a College at it. It has been anciently honoured with four or five Synods. Taken from the Huguenots in 1684. An Image of the B. Virgin there now is said to do Miracles.

Sauna, Sapina, a River of Romandiola.

Saunoi, Salonensis Ager, a Territory between the Seile, and the Nita, in the Diocese of Metz in France.

Savolax, Savolaxia, a County in Sweden in Finland; between Kekholm to the East and Tavasthia to the West, Carelia to the South, and Muscovy to the North: in which there is no place of note.

Savona, Savo, Saona, a City of Liguria; called by the Inhabitants Sana, by the Spaniards Saona. It is seated in the States of Genoua; and is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Milan; very populous, defended by two strong Castles, with five Gates, and divers fine Churches: the second City of note in the States of Genoua. The Popes Gregory VII. Julius II. and Sixtus IV. were all its Natives. It had a very convenient Harbor, (which the Genouese have designedly ruin'd;) and stands in the Bay delle Spetie, which makes the best Harbour in all the Mediterranean. This Port of Savona was ruined by the States, because the French demanded it to make it a Magazine for Salt: Andrew Doria had before begun this Work, by sinking two great Vessels in the Mouth of it loaded with Earth: and since, they have walled it up with Masons Work to make it for ever useless. This City stands twenty five Miles from Genoua to the West, and from Albenga to the East.

Savonnieres, an ancient Town, one League from Toul in Loraine: where in the year 859. in the Reign of Charles the Bald K. of France, and P. Nicholas I, a Provincial Council was celebrated, called by the name of Concilium ad Saponarias.

Saur, Sura, a Village, and a River which falls into the Moselle. See Sour.

Saura, Isauria, a City in the Lesser Asia; which is a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Iconium; and stands in South Galathia near Psidia.

Saustia, Sebastia, an Episcopal City in Cappadocia in the Lesser Asia. Long 67. 30. Lat. 42. 30.

Sauve, or Saulve, Salvia, a Town and Viguerye or Provostship in Languedoc; in the Diocese of Nismes, upon the River Vidourle; adorned with an Abbey of the Benedictines since the year 1020.

Saw, the Save.

Sax-mundesham, a Market Town in the County of Suffolk, in the Hundred of Plumesgate: upon a small River, not far from the Sea.

Saxony, Saxonia, by the Germans called Sachsen, in the several Ages that are past since the Roman Empire, has had very different Bounds: but the Brevity of this Work will admit only of its present State. To take it in its largest Acceptation, it contains two of the Circles of the German Empire; called the Ʋpper and the Lower Circles of Saxony: the Lower Saxony contains the Dukedoms of Brunswick, Luneburg, Magdeburg, Breme, Mecklenburg, Holsatia and Lauenburg; the Principalities of Ferden, and Halberstad, and the Bishoprick of Hildesheim: which Countries lie between Westphalia to the West, the Ʋpper Saxony to the East and South, and Jutland and the Baltick Sea to the North; all described in their proper Places. The Ʋpper Circle of Saxony contains the Marquisate of Brandenburg, Pomerania, Thuringia, Misnia, the Dukedom of Saxony properly so called, the Principality of Anhault: Bounded on the East by Lusatia and Poland; on the North by the Baltick Sea; on the West by the Lower Saxony; and on the South by Franconia and Bohemia. The Electorate of Saxony is a Province of Germany, in the Ʋpper Circle of Saxony: bounded on the East by Lusatia; on the North by the Marquisate of Brandenburg, and the Principality of Anhault; on the West by the Dukedoms of Brunswick and Hassia, and on the South by Franconia and Bohemia. The principal Town of it is Witteburg. This Electoral Prince has the sixth Place amongst the Electors, and his Residence at Dresden. In the year 1652. John George I. Elector of Saxony, divided this Duchy between his four Sons. The Ancient Inhabitants were the Lombards: As these and the Franks went South upon their Conquests made in the Roman Empire, so the Saxons followed them; and took Possession of their Ancient Seats as far as the Rhine. They were with great difficulty Conquered by Charles the Great, about the year 785. after thirty years of War with them. Wittikindus their last King being made by Charles the Great the first Duke of Saxony, upon his embracing the Christian Faith. From him are descended all the Kings of France, since Hugh Capet; the Kings of Denmark, of the House of Oldenburg; the Dukes of Burgundy and Savoy; the Marquesses of Montisferat, and many other Noble and Illustrious Families of lesser Note; so that this Person seems to have inherited Abraham's Blessing as to this. This Dukedom is still in the same Family: tho there was an Interruption of two hundred years, beginning in the year 1180. and ending in the year 1423. To this Illustrious House, Germany in a great degree owes the Reformation; which begun by Luther here but for John Frederick (the thirtieth Duke) had been stifled in its Rise. John George III. the present Elector is the thirty seventh Duke from Wittikindus: and the twelfth since the Restitution of the Line. The Richest as well as the most Ancient of the Princes in the Electoral College next the Emperor. He also is by Birth-Right Great-Marshal or Gentleman of the Horse in the Empire; and by Religion of the Augustane Confession. The principal Branches of the House of Saxony, are those of Saxe-Hall, Saxe-Mersbourg, Saxe-Naumburg, Saxe-Weymar, Saxe-Eysenach, and Saxe-Gotha.

The Saxon-Heptarchy. The ancient Brittains under Vortiger, in their Wars with the Picts and Scots, calling unto their assistance (after the Roman Forces were totally withdrawn) the Saxons and Angles out of Germany about the year 428, or as others 449: These Saxons under Hengist, their General, not only completed the Work they came for by chasing away the Northern Invaders; but made themselves in time Masters of the Country of the Britains too; suppressing the names of the Provinces and People that had been before assigned by the Romans, and dividing their own Conquests into the seven Kingdoms of Kent, the South Saxons, West Saxons, East Saxons, East Angles, Mercia and Northumberland. The first of which, Kent, was set up by Hengist in 455. containing the County of Kent. That of the South Saxons contained Sussex and Surrey; and began in the Person of Aella, who arrived in Britain a little before the death of Hengist in 488. The Kingdom of the West Saxons took in Cornwal, Devonshire, Somersetshire, Dorsetshire, Wiltshire, Berkshire, and Hampshire: commencing about the year 519. in the Person of K. Cerdicus. The Kingdom of the East Saxons advanced next, about the year 527. under K Erchenweme; taking in Middlesex, Essex, and part of Hartfordshire. Towards 547, Ida, Governour of Northumberland under the King of Kent, set up for himself; and extended his Kingdom over Yorkshire, Lancashire, Durham, Westmorland, Cumberland, and Northumberland; with the Southern parts of Scotland, as far as to Edinburgh. About 575. Ʋffa, King of the East-Angles, established a Kingdom in Norfolk, Suffolk, and Cambridgshire. And lastly towards 580. began the great and inland Kingdom of Mercia, under K. Cridda, whose extent is already expressed under the word Mercia. This Heptarchy by the successes of Egbert the 18th. King of the West Saxons, (who had followed abroad the Wars of Charles the Great, and began his Reign about the year 801.) united in one Monarchy under him, by the year 819. Whereupon the name of Heptarchy was suppressed; and K. Egbert by a special Edict, with the concurrence of the states of the whole Realm convened at Winchester in 819, ordained, that the Kingdom and Country should be called Anglelond or Englelond, (whence England) by reason himself was descended from the Angles: So Egbert was the first King of England.

Scafato, the lower part of the River Sarno in Italy.

Scagen, Scagense Promontorium, the most Northern Cape of Jutland; in fifty eight degrees of Latitude over against Gottenburg in Sweden; ten Danish Miles from Alberg to the North-East, and from Gottenburg to the West. There is a Village near this Cape called Skune.

Scala, Scalis, a City in the Kingdom of Naples, in the Hither Principato; which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Amalfi; but this Bishoprick is united for ever to that of Ravello, from which it stands one Mile, and two from Amalfi: it is very small and has not above one hundred and fifty Houses; standing on an Hill at the Foot of Mount Cama; and heretofore from that called Cama.

Scala Marmorea, Amycli, Daphne, a Port of Bithynia in the Lesser Asia; upon the Thracian Bosphorus or Streights of Constantinople, beyond Chalcedon to the North: now also sometimes called Lamia.

Scalambri, or Scaramis, Caucana, a ruin'd City and Port on the South of Sicily; near Cape Passaro, the most Eastern Point.

Scalona, Ascalon, a City in the Holy Land, on the Mediterranean Sea; between Azotus to the North, and Gaza to the South eighteen Miles. It was one of the Regal Cities of the Philistines: after this it was a Bishop's See, under the Patriarch of Jerusalem: now reduced to a poor Village, and a few Cottages, as Leunclavius saith: and the See is united to that of Bethleem.

Scamandro, Scamander, a small River in Phrygia in the Lesser Asia; mentioned by Homer. It falls into the Archipelago near Cape Janisary; at the very entrance of the Hellespont, North of the New Dardanells. The River ariseth out of Mount Ida, and has but a short Course.

Scandalor, Pamphylia, a Province in the Lesser Asia.

Scanderone, Alexandria, a City of Syria; call'd by the Italians Alexandretta; heretofore a Bishop's See, and a celebrated Sea-Port; at the Mouth of the River Belum (now Soldrat,) upon the Bay of Laiazzo (Issicum;) fifty Miles from Aleppo to the West, twenty five from the Consines of Cilicia to the East. The beginning of it is owing to a Castle, built by Alexander the Great for a retreat, whilst he besieged Tyre, at the distance of four or five Miles from Tyre, upon the same Coast, to the South. A Castle which Alexander called by his own name: but time and corruption first changed it to Scandalion, and now to Scanderoon. Pompey destroy'd it in his Conquest of Phoenicia. And in 1116. Baldwin I. King of Jerusalem, whilest be besieg'd Tyre as Alexander had done before, rebuilt it: from which time it became a strong place, an honourable Government, and a safe retreat to the Christians, during their possessions in the Holy Land. Now (saith Baudrand) there is scarce any mention of it remaining; except a few Cottages for the use of the Merchants, and a Stone-House for the Captain of the Janisaries; who collects the Grand Seigniors Customs. But I have been informed by some Masters of Ships that have been there, that this Place of late years is much improved by the Trade the English and Dutch drive in it. Long. 68. 00. Lat. 38. 10.

Scandinavia, a vast Peninsula in the North of Europe; containing the Kingdoms of Sweden, Norway, and Lapland. Scandia, or South Gothland, by some Geographers is represented as the Southern part of it; and Lapland the most Northern.

Scania. See Schonen.

Scarborough, a strong Town in the North Riding of Yorkshire, and the Hundred of Pickering; not very large, but well built and inhabited; standing to the Sea, with a convenient Port for Trade; upon a craggy, steep, and almost inaccessible Rock, which the Sea washes on all sides but the West, where the passage is narrow, yet hath a strong Wall to secure it. This Rock upon the top of it presents us with a fair Plain of sixty Acres of ground, a Castle Royal garrisoned, and a Spring of fresh Water. Formerly a high stately Tower stood upon it, which served as a Landmark to Ships at Sea: but this in the last Civil Wars was demolished. Scarborough besides is made a noted place by its Spaw, and the Herring Fishery upon its Coasts: Between which and Whitby to the North lies the Bay of Robin Hood, the famous Robber in the Reign of K. Rich. 1. It hath the honour to be a Corporation also, represented by two Burgesses in the House of Commons.

Scardo, Scardona, a City ascribed by Ptolemy to Liburnia, (now in Dalmatia:) and a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Spalato ever since 1120: called by the Sclavonians Scardin. It is now but small; lies upon the Adriatick Sea, near the Lake of Prochlian, at the Mouth of the River Titius; and has a small Castle on an Hill, in the Hands of the Turks. This Place was taken by the Venetians, and ruined in the year 1570. After this, the Turks repossessed it, and were re-expelled by the Venetians in 1647. In 1683. the Morlaques of Croatia drove the Turks away from it and garrisoned it. Baudrand placeth it thirty five Miles from Zana to the East, and nine from Sibenico to the North: and saith the Venetians bought it of the Wayvode of Bosnia, in the year 1411. for five thousand Duckats of Gold.

Scardonia, an Island of Dalmatia, mentioned in the Writings of the ancients: but now unknown.

Scaren, Scara, a small City of Westrogethia, a Province of Sweden; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Ʋpsal; and heretofore the Seat of the Kings of Gothland, but now in a declining Condition: it stands ten Miles from the Lake of Venner to the South, and twenty from Falcop to the North.

Scarlino, Scapris vel Scabris, a Town in Italy; in the Territory of Siena, and Principality of Piombino; ten Miles from Massa to the South. Before which was slain the famous Strozzi (Prior of Capoua,) in the French Quarrel.

Scarpanto, Carpathus, an Island near Rhodes, betwixt that and Candia, in the Archipelago; towards the Coast of the Lesser Asia, belonging to the Turks. It had heretofore four considerable Cities, which are now reduced to one of the same name with it self; but half ruined. The former Knights of Rhodes (or Malta, as they are now called) fortified it so, as to reap great advantages by it, both over the Sultans of Egypt and the Turks; its situation rendring it considerable in relation to Egypt and Syria. The present Inhabitants generally follow the Greek rites. The Mountains have been thought to contain Mines of Gold and Silver: but none have hitherto undertook to open them. The Soil yields plenty of Wine and Fruits: and here are delicate Patridges.

Scarpe, Scarpa, a River in Artoise; it ariseth three Leagues above Arras; and watering it and Douay, and dividing Hainault from Flanders, falls into the Schelde near Mortagne, a great Town in Flanders; six Leagues above Tournay to the South-West.

Scarsdale, a Dale or Valley in Derbyshire, encompassed with Rocks and Mountains, according to the sense of the word Sca•re in the Saxon Language, signifying a Craggy Rock. It contains one of the parts, into which the County is divided. Chesterfield stands in it. And K. Charles I. did it the honour to make an Earldom of it in the Person of Francis Leak, Lord Deyncourt of Sutton, created Earl of Scarsdale in 1645. which Title descended to his Son Nicholas, and now is enjoyed by his Grandson the R. H. Robert Leake.

Scatono, a small Town in the Province of Toscana in Italy, near a Lake. Noted upon the account of certain stones found thereabouts, which do not Calcine by fire.

Scenitae, see the Bedovins of Arabia.

Schaffhausen, Probatopolis, Scaphusia, Schafusia, a City of Switzerland; called by the French Schafhouse; the Capital of one of the Cantons. It stands upon the Rhine four Miles beneath Constance to the West, two beneath the Lake of Zell, (or das Zeller see, as the Germans call it) six from Basil, and four from Zurich to the North. This is a new City, and took its Rise from an Abbey of Renediclins; built here by Eberhard Count of Nellenburg, in the Reign of the Emperour Henry III. about 1052. About 1090. here was also a Nunnery built. The Abbats and the City not agreeing, it was made an Imperial and Free City. Sold by Lewis of Bavaria to Frederick Duke of Austria, about 1330. It continued under that House eighty five years. In 1351. the Inhabitants of this City besieged Zurich, though against their Wills: in 1372. it was almost destroyed by Fire. John Duke of Austria being proscribed for withdrawing Pope John XXII. from the Council of Constance, during the War which ensued, this City returned to the Empire; and by their Money obtained great Privileges from the Emperor. The better to assure these Liberties, in 1424. it joined in the League with Zurich and S. Gall: and in 1454. renewed this League with these, and took in the other Cantons. In 1501. they join'd in the perpetual League. About 1529. they embraced the Reformation; and burnt a vast Statue, which was called the Great God of Schafhouse. Long. 30. 25. Lat. 47. 25.

Schalholt, Schalholtum, a City in Iseland; which is a Bishops See, and the University of that Island.

Scham, Damascus, a City of Syria.

Schelling, Schellinga, an Island and Sea-Port Town upon the Coast of Holland and Friseland; of about twelve Miles over; and the same distance from Harlingen, a City of West Friseland to the West. The principal Town in it is of the same Name: taken and burnt by the English the Seventh of August 1666. together with one hundred and fifty Sail of Ships, most of them richly laden: the Town is by some called Bandaris, and said to consist of one thousand Houses. That Squadron of Ships which performed this Action, was Commanded by Sir Robert Holmes.

Schelde, Scaldis, one of the most noted Rivers in the Low Countries; mentioned by Caesar, Pliny and others of the Ancients. Called by the Hollanders the Schelde; by the French L' Escaut; and by the Spanish Schelda. This River ariseth in Picardy in Vermandois near Chastelet; four French Miles from S. Quintin to the North-West; and flowing North, it watereth Cambray; then entering Hainault, it passeth on the East of Bouchain to Valencienne; and being augmented by many lesser Streams, becomes there first Navigable by Boats: then taking in the Huisne above Conde from the West, and the Scarpe beneath S. Amand, it divides Tornay (or Dornick) and Oudenaerde; and hasteth to Gant, where it is augmented by the Lys: hither also the Tides of the Ocean reach: from hence it goes to Dendermonde, where it takes in the Dendre, and a little lower the Rupele; and separating Brabant from Flanders, it washeth the Walls of Antwerp; and forms for it a noble, large, and safe Harbour: three German Miles lower, it divides into two vast Branches at S. Villier: That to the South separating Flanders from Zeeland by Ʋlissing falls into the Ocean, being here called the Honte: The other parting the Islands of Zeeland, falls into the Ocean between Walcheren to the South, and Schouen to the North; retaining its first name to its fall.

Schening, a Town in the Province of South Gothland in Sweden: in which a Council was held in 1247. by a Legate from the Pope.

Schenken-schans, Schenk, or the Fort of Schenk, Munimentum Schenckii, a strong Fort in the Dukedom of Cleve, in the Borders of Guelderland; in a small District call'd S' Gravenwert, (where the Rhine divides it self into two Branches, and the Wael begins;) one German Mile from Emmerick to the West, and from Cleve to the North: which has this name from the Builder of it, Martin Schenkius. It was taken from the Hollanders, in 1635. by the Spaniards: they retook it the next year, after a Siege of eleven months. In 1672. it was taken by the French in two days. In 1674. it was consigned to the Duke of Brandenburg, and in 1679. by him Mortgaged to the Ʋnited Provinces, who are now Masters of it.

Schesburg, Sandava, a City in Transylvania, upon the River Cochel; between Clausenburg to the East and Cronstad to the West. The Inhabitants call it Segeswar; the Germans Schesburg.

Schetland, Armoda, Aemoda, Amodae, Schetlandia, an Island or knot of small Islands lying to the North-East of the Orcades; over against Bergen in Norway; but at a considerable distance from it. under the King of Scotland: by Mr. Cambden supposed to be the Thule of the Ancients: these Islands are also call'd Hetland, and lie sixty nine Miles beyond the Orcades.

Schiampua, the same with Chiampana.

Schiatti, one of the Islands of the Archipelago, separated from the Cape Magnesia (now Verlichi) in Macedonia, by a Channel not above a League over; It is furnished with several safe Harbours, which give the Christian Corsaires too much encouragement to infest it. The Principal of them is 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 or S. George, which is attended with a Town o• the same name, showing the ruines of a splendid Place in ancient times.

Schiavoni, Sclavi, the Sclaves or Sclavonians, which Inhabit Dalmatia; from them called Schiavonia.

Schiras, or Scherazz, Schirasium, a great City in the Kingdom of Persia, in the Province of Fars (or Persia properly so called) upon the River Bendimir; two hundred Miles from Ormus to the North, two hundred and fifty from Hispahan to the South. This City sprung out of the ruins of Persepolis, about nine Miles in compass; the Country about it producing excellent Wine. It is largely described by Monsieur Thevenot in his Travels, Part. II. pag. 124. He saith it is the Capital of Persia; seated in a pleasant and fertil Plain extending from North to South; and incompassed with lovely Cypress Trees and Gardens: the City is but two hours walk, has no Walls, nor any other defence but a scurvy Dike. It has a College in which Theology, Philosophy, and Physick are taught; and about five hundred Students. Lat. 29. 40. Mr. Herbert saith, the Plain it stands in, is twenty Miles long, and six broad; encompassed with great Hills; under one of which this City is placed. And others tell us, it hath a hundred thousand houses: believing it may be the Marasium of the Ancients.

Schirwan. See Servan.

Schlesien, the same with Silesia.

Schlestadt, Selestadium, a City of Germany in the Lower Alsatia, upon the River Ill; in the Territory of Hagenaw; four German Miles from Brisach to the South-West, a little further from Colmar to the North, and the same distance from Strasburgh. Heretofore an Imperial and Free City; but now under the French by the Westphalian Treaty; who in 1673. dismantled it; and two years after began to refortifie it: it is now a very strong place.

Schenberg, a Part of the Carpathian Hills; the same with that which Latin Writers call Cetius; and the Germans Kalenberg, Dewsberg, and Heritzberg; varying its name in the different Countries it passeth through.

Schiro, Scyros, an Island in the Archipelago; called by the Greeks, Schiros; by the Italians, Schiro; by the French, Squire. It is eighty Miles in Circuit, fruitful and populous: forty from Negropont to the North, and seventy from Macedonia to the East; West of Scio. It has a small City called Skiro; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Athens, and four other small Villages. The City has a Port to the South-West; in subjection to the Turks. Called also, San Georgio di Sciro.

Schonen, Sconia, Scania, a Province of Sweden; called by the Inhabitants Schaane, by the Swedes Skone, by the Germans Skonen. It lies upon the Baltick Sea over against Zeeland, from which it is divided by the Sownd: it has the Sea on all sides but the North; being almost an Island; on the North it is bounded by Haland and Westrogothia; and it is its self the principal part of South Gothland. This County was sold to Magnus King of Sweden, in 1330: by John Duke of Holstein, for seventy thousand Marks of Silver; Christopher II. King of Denmark having Mortgaged it before to these Dukes. Waldemarus King of Denmark redeemed it from the Swedes in 1341: but in 1658. the Swedes recovered the Possession of it by the Treaty of Roschild. This Country was Converted to the Christian Faith, by Othingar, (a Bishop) about 980. The principal places in it are, Lunden, Landskroon, Matmuyen and Helsingborg.

Schoonehoven or Schonaw, a Town in the South of Holland, upon the River Leck, with a capacious Port; where they take amongst other Fish a great number of Salmons. Agnian 2. Bishop of S. Asaph in Wales in 1268, a Dominican, was a Native of this Town.

Schorndorff, Schorndorfium, a small City, well fortified, in the Dukedom of Wurtemberg in Germany; upon the River Remms (which gives name to the District in which this City stands:) four German Miles from Stutgard to the East, and six from Hailbrune to the North-East. It has a Castle; and obtained its Charter from Frederick II. in 1230. In 1647. it was taken by the French; but after restored to the Duke of Wurtemberg, under whom it now is.

Schowen, or Schouwen, Scaldia, an Island of Zeeland, (one of the Ʋnited Provinces,) near the East Mouth of the Schelde: heretofore much greater than now. There are three places of Note in it, Ziriczee, Brouwers, and Bommene. It is six French Leagues long from East to West, and above two broad. So near in former times to North Beveland, another Island of Zeland, that the Inhabitants of each could discourse from them with another. But the passage has been mightily since inlarged by tempests.

Schut, Cituorum Insula, a great Island in the Lower Hungary, made by the River Danube; called by the Hungarians, Chalokewz; by the Germans, Schut. It extends from Presburgh to the North-West, to Comora East, nine German Miles: about four broad, and in circuit twenty four. It has three hundred Villages: its principal place is Comorza; beneath which the Danube again unites in one Stream. It is wonderfully fruitful, well peopled, and watered; affording good Gardens, Warrens, and Pasturage; and was the cause of the present War between the Emperour and the Turks. The latter demanding it to be put into his Hands about 1682. (or 1683.) and the Emperour denying it (as he could not part with it without exposing all his other Dominions to their Ravage,) Thereupon the Turks besieged Vienna. This Island, called the Great Schut, has another very near it, which is accounted a part of it by the name of Little Schut.

Schwaben, Suevia, a great Province or Circle in Germany; called by the Germans, die Schwaben; by the French, Souabe; by the Italians, Suevia; by the Poles, Szwabska. Bounded by Bavaria on the East; the Rhine dividing it from Alsatia on the West; Switzerland to the South, and Franconia to the North. It had heretofore Dukes of great Name and Power: but now divided into several lesser Territories under several Princes; the chief of which are the Dukedom of Wurtemburgh, the Bishopricks of Ausburgh and Constance; the Marquisates of Baden, Schwartzwalt, Burgow, and Ortnaw; the Principalities of Furstemberg, and Zollern; the Counties of Ettingen, and Hohenburgh; the Territories belonging to the Abbat of Kempten and Algow. There are also in it many Imperial and Free Cities; the Capital City of this Circle being Ʋlm. The others are Augsburgh, Kempen, Constantz, Hailbrun, Hall en Souabe, Lindaw, Memningen, Nordlingen, Stugard, Tubingen, and Ʋberlingen.

Schwauberg, the present name of the Norick-Alpes.

Schwartwatter. See Vecht.

Schwartzwaldt, Martina Sylva, Bacenis, the Black Wood or Forest; a Province in the Circle of Schwaben, in Germany; towards Mount Abenow, and the Fountains of the Danube and Necker; between the Dukedom of Wurtemburgh to the East, and Brisgow to the West: it lies extended from North to South, from the Marquisate of Baden to the Cities of Seckingen, Rheinfelde, and Ortnaw. This Country is a part of the vast Hercynian Forest; which in ancient times run through the whole Body of Germany, (and perhaps through Moscovy) and ended at the Frozen Ocean, or White Sea.

Schwartz-Zee, the German name of the Euxine▪ or Black Sea.

Schwartzembourg, a County in the Province of Thuringia in Germany. And a Town and Bailywick under the Cantons of Bearne and Fribourg in Switzerland.

Schweidnitz, Suvidnia, a City of Silesia, upon the River Westritz; thirty Miles from Wratislaw to the West, twenty five from Lignitz to the South, and twelve from the Borders of Bohemia. It is the Capital of a Dukedom of the same name; and a very strong place: yet taken and retaken several times in the great Swedish War. Near this City the Swedes defeated Albert Duke of Brandenburgh, in the year 1642: by which Victory they made themselves Masters of the greatest part of Silesia.

Schweinfurt, Schuinfurtum, a City in Franconia in Germany, upon the Mayn; within the Dominions of the Bishop of Wurtzburgh; almost seven German Miles from Bamberg to the West, and five from Wurtzburgh to the South-East. It belonged formerly to the Counts of Heneburgh; till Henry II. Emperour dispossessed them, and gave this City, (with the Title of Marquisate) to one Otho; which Family ending in 1112, the City returned to the Empire: now an Imperial and Free City, and a place of great strength; yet taken by the Swedes in the German War.

Schwerin, the chief Town in Mechlenburgh, upon a Lake; eighteen Miles from Hamburgh to the East, and five from the Baltick Sea to the South. The usual Residence of one of the Dukes of Mechlenburgh; in the Lower Saxony.

Sciglio, Scyllaeum, a Town and Promontory on the Coast of Calabria, in the Kingdom of Naples; near Regge to the North. The famous Rock Scylla lies upon this Coast, in the Streights of Messina.

Scillo, or Scilla, Scylla, a famous Rock on the aforesaid Shoar; nineteen Miles from Messina in Sicily the North-East; upon the Channel which parts Sicily from Italy, at the West end of it. The Water within its Caverns makes a noise like the barking of Dogs: whence, probably came the ancient fiction of a Scylla becoming half a Rock, and half a Dog.

Scio. See Chio.

Sciocco, Togisonus, a small River in the Territory of Padoua in Italy.

Scodra, a City of Illyricum; attributed by Livy and Ptolemy to Dalmatia; and in those times the Seat of the Kings of Illyricum. Now the Capital City of Albania; and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Antivari: great and populous; it stands upon the River Boiana, (Barbana;) twenty four Miles from the Adriatick Sea, and eighty from Ragusa to the North East. Twice besieged by the Turks, under Mahomet II. without success; and in 1478. resigned to them for a Peace, by the Venetians. The Inhabitants call it Scadar; the Turks, Iscodar; and the Italians, Scutari. The Lake Labeatis, out of which the Boiana Springs, takes the name now of the Lake of Sclitari. Long. 44. 20. Lat. 42. 24.

Scone, Scona, a celebrated Abbey in the County of Perth; upon the Tay; three Miles from S. Johnston to the North West; in which the Kings of Scotland for many Ages were Crowned.

Scopia, Scapi, a City of the Ʋpper Moesia, and the Capital of Dardania, in the Borders of Macedonia in the times of Ptolemy; now called Scopia by the Italians, and Ʋschub by the Turks. It is a great populous City in Servia; an Archbishop's See, and the Seat of the Sangiack of Servia; feated in a fruitful Plain, upon the River Vardar, over which it has a Stone Bridge of twelve Arches; one hundred Miles from Thessalonica to the North-West, ten from Sophia to the West, and about the same distance from Giustandil to the South. The River upon which it stands falls into the Bay of Thessalonica.

Scotland, Scotia, is the second Kingdom in Great Britain; called by the French, l' Escosse; by the Italians, Scotia; by the Germans, Schottlandt. On the East it is bounded by the German Ocean; on the North by the Deucalidonian Sea, and the Isles of Orkney; on the West by the Vergivian Ocean, and the Irish Sea; on the South by the River Tweed, the Cheviot Hills, and the adjacent Tract to Solway Sands; whereby it is separated from England. Solway Fyrth lies in deg. 56. of Latitude; and the most Northern point lies in 60 30. by which it should be three hundred and fifteen English Miles in length. Polydore Virgil reckons four hundred and eighty: its breadth is no where above sixty; and its form Triangular; with many great Inlets and Arms of the Ocean, which indent both the Eastern and Western sides of it. The Soil especially towards the North, is generally barren; affords little Timber, and no Fruit Trees. The Southern parts are more fruitful; the Air in both sharp and cold. It is divided into two parts, (the Southern and the Northern) by Dunbritain and Edenburgh Fyrth. The South part called the Low-Lands, is fuller of Cities and great Towns; the People are more rich and better civilized; as not only Inhabiting a better Country, but driving a Trade at Sea. The Northern or High-Lands, are more barren and poor; the Inhabitants accordingly patient of want and hunger, and very temperate in their Diet; without which Virtues they could not subsist. South Scotland is divided into twenty one; North Scotland into thirteen Counties. For the Ecclesiastical Government they have two Archbishops: S. Andrews, who has eight; and Glascow, who has three Suffragan Bishops under him. In the times of the Romans, this Country was called Caledonia and Albania; the People, Picts, from their custom of Painting their Bodies. The Romans never extended their Conquests beyond the South of Scotland, because they thought the Northern and barrener parts not worth their pains. The remaining Inhabitants, (after the withdrawing of the Roman Garrisons from the Northern parts of Britain,) became very troublesome to the Britains; and forced them to call in the Saxons about 449: who Conquered the South parts of Scotland, and possess it to this day. The Scots or Irish about the same time entered the Western parts of Scotland; and by degrees united first with the Picts or Highlanders; by their assistance Conquered the Saxons, and gained the Sovereignty of that whole Kingdom. But there being no Letters here, the Story of these times is very dark; which has occasioned great Controversies concerning the time of the Scots coming out of Ireland. About 839 the Picts were intirely subdued by Kenneth II. first sole King of all Scotland. This Line continued under twenty three Princes, to 1285. When Alexander III. dying without Issue, there began a tedious and bloody contest about the Succession; which was referred to Edward I. of England, who adjudged the Crown to John Baliol, an Englishman. He Rebelling against his Benefactor, was defeated by that Prince; who following his blow made himself Master of Scotland, and kept it to his death. In 1307. Robert Bruce, the other Competitor, overthrew the English; established himself King of Scotland, and Reigned till 1332: when the Kingdom divided again between Edward Baltol, and David Bruce; which latter prevailed at first against his Competitor; but fell under the power of the English, where he was many years a Prisoner. In 1371. Rob. II. Surnamed Steward, descended from the eldest Daughter of David Bruce, succeeded. In 1602. James VI. (the ninth in this Line;) succeeded after Queen Elizabeth to the Crown of England; as Descended both by Father and Mother, from Margaret the eldest Daughter of Henry VII. King of England; the whole Line of Henry VIII. being extinguished. The Christian Religion was Planted here by different Persons, and at several times. The Saxon Scots were Converted by Aidan, the first Bishop of Lindisferne, about 635. The South-Eastern by Nimas, Bishop of Candida Casa, (or White Herne) about 555. The Highlanders, (or Northern Picts) by Palladius, a Deacon of Rome, about 435. The Bishops of Scotland were always subject to the Archbishop of York, till 1478: when on the pretence of the frequent Wars between them and England, their two Archbishops Sees were erected; and they became a separate Church from that of England.

Scotusa, Scotussa, a small City in Thessalia; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Larissa; near to which it stands.

Scutari or Scutaret, Chrysopolis, Dianae fanum, a Town upon the Propontis in the Lesser Asia, over against Constantinople: believed by some to be sprung out of the ruins of the ancient Chalcedon.

Scylla. See Scillo.

Scythopolis, the ancient Roman name of Bethshan in Palestine, upon the Lake of Genezareth: which Pliny and Ptolemy misplace in Coelesyria. See Bethshan.

Scrikfinner, Scritophinis, a People in Scandinavia; between Norway to the North, and Lapland to the East. These People are said to Cloath themselves with the Skins of Beasts, like the Samoiedes; as is usual with all these Hyperborean Nations.

Sdille, See Delos.

Sdrin, Sdringa, Stridonium, a City of Dalmatia; the Birth place of S. Jerome, (the most Learned of the Latin Fathers;) ruined by the Goths: but afterwards rebuilt, and in some degree Peopled. Others place it upon the Confluence of the Mure and the Danube; fifteen Miles beneath Rakelspurg in Stiria.

Seafull, a high Hill in the middle of the Island of Man; in the Irish Sea: which affords the Beholder a Prospect of three Kingdoms at once, England to the East, Scotland to the North, and Ireland to the West.

Sebaste, Sebastia, Sebastopolis. See Samaria, Suvas, Saustia and Savatapoli.

Sebenico, Sebenicum, Sicum, a small City, very well fortified, in Dalmatia; upon the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea: and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Spalato; under the Venetians ever since 1412. having before been a Maritim City of Croatia. It has a Castle and Fort built upon a Rock: which are Places of great strength, and have four times humbled the Ottoman Forces, and preserved this important Place under that State. It lies at the Mouth of the River Kerka, or Kirka; thirty eight Miles from Zara to the East, and three hundred from Venice. Made a Bishops See by Pope Boniface VIII. The ruins of the ancient Sicum of Ptolemy appear at some distance from this City.

Sebourg, a Castle and Seigniory in the Province of Hainault, in the Low Countries: three Leagues from Valenoiennes and near Bavay. It has the honour of the Title of a Viscounty.

Secchia, Gabellus, a River of Italy; which springeth from the Apennine, in the Borders of Carfagnana; between Tuscany and the Apennine: running Northward, and dividing the Dutchy of Modena from that of Reggio, in some Places it watereth Sassuola: leaving Modena to the East, and Cappi to the West, it falls into the Po at S. Benedicts Abbey, in the Duchy of Mantoua; five Italian Miles from Mirandola to the North West.

Sechy, a Market Town in the County of Norfolk, in the Hundred of Frebridge.

Seckaw, Secovia, Secovium, a small Castle in Stiria; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Saltzburgh; erected in 1219 by Pope Honorius III. and Eberbard, Archbishop of Saltzburgh. It stands upon the River Gayl, a little above its fall into the Mure; not above four German Miles from the Borders of Austria to the South, and twenty from Saltzburgh to the East. The Archbishop has the Election and Consecration of this Bishop; gives him his Investiture, takes an Oath of Fealty from him: and he has no Place nor Voice in the Diet of Germany.

Sedan, Sedanum, a City in Champagne, in France, upon the Maes; with a very strong Castle. Anciently in the Propriety of the Bishop of Reims; by whom it was exchanged with the Crown, for Cormicy. Afterwards it had particular Lords of the Families of Braquemont, and Marcan; and in the Family of Turene was made a Principality. In 1642. this little Principality was forced to submit to the Crown of France. It stands sixteen Leagues above Namur to the South, and from Verdun to the North; in the Frontiers of Champagne and Luxemburgh.

See, Seva, Segia, a small River in Normandy; six Miles from Auranches to the West.

Seelandt, Selandia, Codadonia, a great Island in the Baltick; belonging to the Crown of Denmark: separated from Scania to the North by the Sound on the South it has the Baltick Sea. It is sixteen German Miles in length, twelve in breadth; a very fruitful and pleasant spot of ground. The Capital of it is Coppenhagen, the Royal City of Denmark. The rest are Helsinore, Cronenburgh, and Fridericksburgh; and besides these it has three hundred and Forty Parishes.

Séez, Sagiensis Ʋrbs, Sagium, Sajorum Civitas, Ʋrbs Seluniorum, a City in Normandy in France; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Roan. It stands near the Fountains of the River Orne; thirty six Leagues from Paris to the West, eleven from Lisieux to the South, and five from Alenzon to the East.

Seged, or Segedin, Segedunum, a City of the Upper Hungary, seated upon the Tibiscus; where it receives the Merish, (a great River out of Transylvania, in the County of Bodroch;) twenty six German Miles from Buda to the South-East, and fifteen from Colocza. Taken by the Turks in 1552. The Imperialists plundred it in 1685: and took it from the Turks without resistance, after they were possessed of Buda.

Segeswar, Segethusa, Sandava, Singidava, Segesuaria, a City of Transylvania; called by the Germans Schezpurg: it is seated partly on the side of an Hill, partly in a Valley upon the River Cochel, which after falls into the Merish; ten German Miles from Hermanstadt (or Zeben) to the North, and fourteen from Kronstadt or Brassaw to the West: near the foot of the Carpathian Hills. Under the Prince of Transylvania.

Segewoldt, Segevoldia, a City in Livonia, upon the River Teyder; five Swedish Miles from the Bay of Riga to the East, and seven from Riga to the South-East.

Segna, Senia, a City placed by Pliny in Liburnia, (now in Croatia) and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Spalato. It stands upon the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea, at the bottom of a Mountain; thirty five Miles from Nona to the South-West, and fifty from the Borders of Italy to the East. This City belongs to the Kingdom of Hungary, and is under the Emperor: it has an old Castle, a very strong Fort built on a steep Hill, and a Harbour upon the Gulph of Venice.

Segni, Signia, Ʋrbs Volscorum, a City of great Antiquity, in the States of the Church in Campagna di Roma; under the Dominion of the Pope: giving the Title of a Duke to the Family of Sfortia. It stands on the top of a Mountain, called by its own name (La Montagna de Segni:) thirty two Miles from Rome to the East, and twelve from Preneste to the South. In this Place Organs were first invented, and Pope Vitalianus was born. The Popes Innocent III. Gregory IX. and Alexander IV. were all of the House of the Counts of Segni. For this Place was an Earldom before a Dukedom.

Segorve, or Segorvia, Segorbia, Segobriga, a City of the Kingdom of Valentia; upon the River Morvedre, which a little lower falls into the Mediterranean

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Sea: it is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Valentia; small, and not well Peopled. Eight Miles from Valentia to the North-West, and twelve from Tervel to the South-East.

Segovia, Ʋrbs Arcevacorum in Pliny; Segubia in Ptolemy; Segobia in the Councils; is a City in New Castile in Spain, which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Toledo. A celebrated Place, well Peopled and Rich, by reason of a great Cloathing Trade driven in it: And besides very large Suburbs, it has a Castle called El Alcaser. By the City, on the Northside, flows a small River called Eresma. It stands at the foot of an Hill in a pleasant Plain; has a noble Aquaduct, supported by a hundred and seventy seven Arches, in double Rows, which reach from one Hill to another; built by the Emperor Trajane. This City is twenty Spanish Leagues from Toledo to the North. Long. 16. 30. Lat. 41. 15.

Segovia La Nueva, a City in the Island of Manilia; (one of the Philippines under the Spaniards,) on the East side of the Island; and a Bishops See.

Segre, Sicoris, a River in Catalonia, which ariseth in the County of Cerdagne; at the foot of the Pyrenean Hills, in the Borders of France; and watering Livia, Cerdagne, and Ʋrgel, receives the Noguera Pallaresa, and the Noguera Rogercana: the first at Camarasa, the second above Lerida; beneath it comes in the Cinca (a great River) above Mequinenca; below which this River Segre unites with the Ebro, nine Miles above Garcia to the West.

Segura, Serabis, Sorabis, a River of Spain, which ariseth in New Castile from a Mountain of the same name; and flowing through the Kingdom of Murcia, falls into the Bay of Alicant; having watered Caravacca, Murcia, and Orihuela.

Sehusen, Senohusium, a City of Brandenburgh.

Seididag. See Agion Oros.

La Seille, Sala, Salia, a River of Lorain; which ariseth out of the Lake de Lindre; and flowing North-West watereth Dieuze, Nomeny and Going: and at Metz falls into the Moselle.

La Seine, Seyne, Sequana, one of the principal Rivers of France; which ariseth in the Dukedom of Burgundy, in a mountainous place near the Castle of Chanceaux; two Leagues from a Town called Seine, and six from Dijon to the North. Being augmented by some smaller Rivers, it watereth Chastillion, Bar sur Seine, Troye, Pont sur Seine, (above which the Aube comes in; and beneath it the Yonne and the Loing:) so it hasteth by Melun to Corbeil. The Marne comes in a little above Paris, the Glory of this River: and beneath that City, above Poissy, the Oise, the Epte; and in Normandy the Eure, and the Andelle above Roan, the Capital of Normandy. At Caudebec in Normandy it forms a great Arm of the Sea; which admits the Tides of the Ocean thirty Leagues into the Land; gives passage to a Ship of great Burthen as high as Roan, and smaller Ships as high as Paris.

Selby, a large Market Town in the West-Riding of Yorkshire and the Hundred of Barkston, upon the River Ouse. Remarkable for being the Birth-place of K. Henry I.

Selemne, the name in Pausanias of a River of the Peloponnesus; gliding by Patras, in the Province of Clarentia.

Seleschia, Seleucia, a City of Cilicia; which is an Archbishops See under the Patriarch of Antioch; twelve Miles from the Mediterranean Sea to the North. Long. 64. 00. Lat. 38. 40. The Antients gave it the Titles of Seleucia Olbia, Seleucia Hiriae, and Seleucia Aspera: which latter might be occasioned by the many Mountains in this Country. Gregory Nazianzen calls it Seleucia S. Theclae, because it was famous for the Sepulchre of that Martyr. In the year, 359. the Arrians assembled a Council of a hundred and sixty Bishops here▪ to which S. Hilary Bishop of Poictiers came, being at that time an Exile in Phrygia.

Seleucajelbor, Seleucia Pieria, a City of Syria; built by Seleucus Son of Antiochus King of Syria, near the Mouth of the River Orontes; ten Miles from Antioch: which is a Bishops See, under the Patriarch of Antioch.

Seleucia Aspera, the same with Seleschia.

Seleucia ad Tigrim, the same with Bachad.

Seleucia Pieria, the same with Seleucajelbor.

Seleucia ad Belum, the same with Divortigi.

Seleucia Pisidiae, this is an antient City of Pisidia in the Lesser Asia, upon the Confines of Pamphylia; in which S. Paul established the Christian Faith. A Bishops See under the Archbishop of Antioch. Now under the Turks, called Caragar, Carasazar; and by others Celestria.

Selivrea, or Selibria, Selymbria, Selybria, a City of Thrace upon the Propontis, of great Antiquity; being mentioned by Pliny and Ptolemy. It was at first a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Heraclea; but now the Metropolis it self. Great and populous, tho without Walls: it has a good Harbour too. This City stands twenty five Miles from Constantinople to the West; also called Selombria.

Selo. See Silaro.

Seilsey-Isle, a Peninsula, commonly so called, near Chichester in the County of Sussex. Assigned about the Year 711. by Edilwach, King of the South Saxons, to Wilfride Archb. of York for his Seat; who being banished his Country by the King of Northumberland, came thence to preach to the South Saxons. Cedwal, King of the West Saxons, having Conquered the Kingdom of the South Saxons, built a Monastery here, and made it a Bishops See: which continued in the same place above three hundred years, with the Title of the Bishops of Selsey; till Bishop Stigard in 1070 removed the See to Chichester. Its chiefest Note now is, that it yields plenty of excellent Lobsters and Cockles.

Semigallen, Semigallia, a Province of Livonia in the Kingdom of Poland; which signifies in their Tongue, The End of the Earth. Bounded on the North by Livonia properly so called, cut off by the Dwina; on the South by Samogithia, on the West by Curland, and on the East by the Palatinate of Ploczko. The principal Town is Mittaw the usual Residence of the Dukes of Curland, under whom this Province is.

Semender. See Spenderobi.

Semnitz, one of the Names of the Carpathian Hills.

Sempach, a Town in Switzerland, under the Protection of the Canton of Lucerne.

Semur en Auxois, Semurium, a small City in the Dukedom of Burgundy, upon the River Armanson; ten Leagues from Autun to the North, eleven from Dijon to the West, and twenty two from Troye to the South.

Semur en Briennois, a Town in the Dukedom of Burgundy, in the Territory of Autun; one League from the Loyre to the East, and three beneath Roanne to the North.

Sendomir, Sendomira, a City in Poland; the Capital of a Palatinate of the same name in the Lesser Poland; built upon an Hill by the Vistula, (where it receives the Sanum) twenty eight Polish Miles from Crakow to the East, and thirty two above Warsaw to the South. This Town was taken by the Swedes, in 1655; and retaken next year by the Poles.

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Seuef, a Town in the Dukedom of Brabant in the Low Countries: made remarkable by a Battel betwixt the French under the Prince of Conde: and the Spaniards joyned with the Dutch, in 1674. in which the former carried the Victory. It stands upon the Borders of Hainault and Namur.

Senega, a great River in Africa; called by the Portuguese Zanaga, by the Natives Ouedec. One of the principal Branches of the Niger, and the most Northern; (which was called Darat or Daradus,) and falls into the Atlantick Ocean by Cape Verde, (where there is a French Colony:) Upon its Banks stand the Cities of Genehoa, Tombutum, and some others; its course is from East to West, between the Kingdoms of Genehoa and Jalofarum.

Senez, or Senes, Civitas Sanitiensium, Sanesio, Sanitio, Sanitium, a small Clity of Provence; and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Ambrun; from which it stands fourteen Leagues to the South, and eight from Sisteron to the North-East. Now reduced almost to a Village. The See is removed to Castellane, a Town upon the Verdon two Miles South from Senez. And the Chapter of the Cathedral of the Order of S. Austin was secularized by Pope Innocent X. in 1647. It stands amongst the Mountains of Provence: believed by some to be the Sanitium of Ptolemy.

Il Senese, Senensis Ager, a Territory in Italy, called by the Inhabitants Il Sanese; by the French le Sienois: it is a considerable part of Tuscany towards the South; between Florence and Pisa to the North and West; the Tyrrhenian Sea to the South, and the States of the Church to the East: Heretofore a Commonwealth and a Free State; but has been subject above a hundred years to the Duke of Florence. The Maremma di Siena is divided between the Prince di Piombino (under the Protection of the Spaniards,) and the Stato di Presidii; in which is Orbitello and Tellamont, immediately under the Spaniards, though they be parts of the Senese. The Capital of this Province is Siena. The other Cities are Monte Alciano, Colle, Pienza, Soana, Chiusi, Massa, Rosetto, and Piombino; and the Island on this Coast belonged also to this State.

Senga, or Cinoa, Cinga, a River in the Kingdom of Aragon; which ariseth from the Pyrenean Hills above Biela: and flowing South watereth Ainsa, Balbastro, Moncon and Fraga: at Mequinenca falls into the Segre, and with it into the Ebro; having in this course entertained the Essera, the Guaticalema, and Ysuela, and some other Rivers.

Senigaglia, Senogallia, Sena Gallica, a small, but handsome and strong City upon the Coast of the Gulph of Venice, in the Dukedom di Ʋrbino in Italy; belonging formerly to the Dukes of Ʋrbino and the Family of the Malatesti, now to the Papacy. It has a Port, at the Fall of the River Nigola into the Gulph; and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Ʋrbino. In 1627. a Synod was held at it. The Senones, a Tribe of the ancient Gauls, establishing themselves in the Country hereabouts, gave it this name of Senogallia. Asdrubal received a Defeat before it; whose name is retained by a neighbouring Mountain, called The Mountain of Asdrubal.

Senio, Senna, a River of Ʋmbria in Italy.

Senlis, Augustomagus, Silvanectum, Sylviacum, a small City in the Isle of France; which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Reims, and the Capital of its County. Seated upon the River Nonette, ten Leagues from Paris to the North: it has this Name, Sylvanectum, because it is surrounded with Wood from the Forest de Rets. The County or Bailliage de Senlis lies between the Isle of France, Le Valois, the Oyse, and the Aysne. The principal Towns in it being Senlis and Compeigne. Senlis contains seven Parishes and two Collegiate Churches. The Leaguers in the Civil Wars besieged it, and were here engaged by the Kings Party. There have been divers French Synods assembled at it.

Senne, or Zenne, Senna, a small River of the Low Countries; which arising in Hainault, and slowing through the Dutchy of Brabant, watereth Brussels and Mechlen; then falls into the Rupel.

Senno, Siris, a River in the Basilicate, a Province of the Kingdom of Naples; which watereth Agromento, and then falls into the Bay of Taranto; fifteen Miles from Torre di Mare to the South. It had once a City upon its Banks called Siris too; but now intirely ruined: its Rubbish scarce appearing, three Miles above its Out-let.

Senonois, Senonensis Ager, a Tract in France; annexed to the Generalité of Champagne; which is a part of the Possessions of the old Senones, and has this Name from Sens its capital City.

Sens, Senones, Agendicum Senonum, a great City of France, called by the Italians Sans: so very antient, that it is thought older than Rome; and an Archbishops See. Built in a beautiful Plain upon the River Yonne, which has over it there a Stone Bridge. It is also the Capital of Senonois, in the Prefecture of Champagne; though ill attributed by some to Burgundy. A beautiful City, twenty six Leagues from Paris to the South-East, and the same from Orleans to the North-East. Made famous heretofore by the Conquests of the Senones, (a Tribe of the Gauls) its old Inhabitants in Italy and Greece: who in the former took Rome, and built Siena and Senogaglia with other Places to this day retaining their Memory in the Names they gave them. Robert, King of France, took this City out of the hands of its Counts in 1005. It is plentifully watered by Rivulets from all Parts: adorned with a noble Metropolitan Church, six Abbeys, and divers Ecclesiastical and Religious Houses. The Archbishops take the Title of Primates of Gaul and Germany. Several French Councils have been celebrated here. The Territory of Senonois reaches about sixteen or seventeen Leagues in length, and eight in breadth. The learned Petrus Abaelardus suffered the Condemnation of one of those Councils in 1140. in the presence of K Lewis le Jeune and S. Bernard: from which he appealed to the Pope.

Senguino, Arymagdus, a River of Cilicia, in the Lesser Asia; which springeth out of Mount Taurus, and falls into the Mediterranean Sea; between the Cities of Anemora and Arsinoë.

Sentino, Sentinus, a small River in the Marchia Anconitana; which running by Sentina (once a considerable Town, but now only a Castle in the Dukedom of Ʋrbino; in a pleasant Valley, fifteen Miles from Eugubio; the Town being ruined by the Lombards;) falls into the Esino.

Sephoris, an antient City of Palestine in Galilee, four Miles from Nazareth, towards Mount Carmel; upon a little Hill in the midst of a Plain. Herod made it the principal Place for Strength in all Galilee, for the greater security of his Tetrarchy. Joachim and Ann, the Father and Mother of the B. Virgin, were Natives and Inhabitants of it; in the place of whose House a Christian Church in the Primitive Times was erected, as appears by the remaining Ruines. There is a very large Fountain near it, called commonly by the same name of the Fountain of Sephoris; by which the Christian Armies often assembled in the times of the Kings of Jerusalem. From Sephoris, some write, that Joachim and Ann removed to Nazareth, and thence to Jerusalem. It has been since called Dio-Cesarea; but now lies in Ruines.

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Ser, Cyrrhus, a River of Albania, a Province or Kingdom of Greece.

Seraio, Seraium, a City of Bosnia, upon the River Migliazka, in the Lower Bosnia. It is great and strong; the Capital of that Kingdom; being some few Miles from the Borders of Servia, and about thirty from the Save to the South, and about hinety from Belgrade to the South-West.

Seram, a River of Bugey in France, in the Territory of Valromey: passing under the Bridge of Soy into the Ser•erin, and thence near Rochefore into the Rhosne.

Serchio, Aesaris, Auser, Sarculus, a River of Italy; which ariseth out of the Apennine in Tuscany, in the Borders of the Dukedom of Modena; and flowing through Carfagnana and the States of Luca, not far from the Capital City of that State, entertaineth the Osaro: and entring the Dukedom of Florence, falls into the Tyrrhenian Sea; five Miles North of the Mouth of the River Arno.

Sere, Sara, a River of France in Touraine: Another in the Low Countries, which falls into the Oyse.

Seregippe del Rey, a City in Brasil in South America; built on an Hill near the Mouth of the River Potigipeda, on the Eastern Coast: the Capital of a Province of the same name, between Pernambuc to the North, and the Province of All Saints, to the South: both City and Province being subject to the King of Portugal.

Sereth, Tiarantus, a River of Moldavia, which falls into the Danube, near Galacz or Axiopolis.

Serio, Serius, a River in Lombardy in the States of Venice; which springeth out of the Mountains in the Borders of the Grisons: and flowing South by Bergamo and Crema, falls into the Adda above Piciglione; a great Town in the Dukedom of Milan; five Miles from the Borders of the Dukedom of Parma.

Sermoneto, Sulmo, Sermineta, a Town in Campagua di Roma, in the States of the Church; which gives the Title of a Duke to the Family of Cajetan. It stands twenty eight Miles from Rome to the South, and seventeen from Terracina to the North-East.

Serpa, a Town in the Kingdom of Portugal, towards the Borders of Andalusia, near the River Guadiana: upon an Eminence, with a Castle for its security. It hath an unfruitful Country about it.

Serphino, or Serfinus, Seriphus, an Island in the Archipelago towards Europe: full of Rocks, about thirty Miles in Circuit, betwixt the Islands of Fermema or Thermia, and Sifano. The Romans used to banish Criminals to it.

Serrano, a small uninhabited Island in the North-Sea in America, betwixt Jamaica and the Region of Nicaragua in New Spain: to which the Misfortunes of a Spaniard, called Serrano, who was Shipwrack'd upon it in the time of Charles V, and detained all alone some years there, for want of a Vessel to take him up again, have fastned his own name.

Serres, or Seres, Serrae, a City of Macedonia; mentioned in Niceta, Cedrenus, and the latter Greek Writers; by Leunclavius now called Seres. It is now a considerable and well peopled Place; advanced to the Honour of an Archbishops See, in the place of Amphipolis: between which, Thessalonica and Philippi, it stands upon an Hill; our latter Maps place it thirty four Miles from Amphipolis to the South-East, sixty from Thessalonica to the North-East, and thirty from Contessa to the North-West.

Servan, or Schirwan, Servania, Atropatia, a Province in the North West of the Kingdom of Persia, towards the Borders of Georgia and the Turkish Empire; the Northern Bounds of which are the Caspian Sea. It has many great Cities: and is one of the most Fruitful and Populous Provinces in that Kingdom; though it has suffered much in latter times by the Depredations of the Turks. The Cities of it are Tauris, Schamachie, Servan, Ardebeil and Ba••. This Country makes a part of the ancient Media.

Servia, a Province of the Turkish Empire, called by them Zirfia. It is of great extent. Bounded on the West by Croatia, (or rather Bosnia and Dalmatia,) and in part by Sclavonia; on the North by the Danube, which separates it from the Ʋpper Hungary and Moldavia; on the East by Bulgaria; and on the South by Macedonia, Albania, and Dalmatia. The chief Towns and Cities in it are Belgrade, Prisren, Novibazar, Procupie, Semander, and Scopia, which was anciently the Capital. In the times of the Romans this was called Moesia Superior, esteemed a part of Thrace, and the most barbarous Nation the Romans had subdued; which was done by Marcus Licinius Crassus in the times of Augustus Caesar. In the fall of the Roman Empire, the Servi (a Branch of the Sclaves) became Masters of this Country, and gave it the name of Servia. About 1000. it was conquered by the Emperors of Constantinople; but suffered to continue under their own Princes as Homagers to the Empire. Amurath I. was the first of the Ottoman Princes, who invaded this Country: He took Nissa about 1374. after which they maintained a Bloody War with some Intermissions, till 1460: when they finally submitted to Mahomet the Great, and ever after esteemed a Province of that Empire. The Christian Faith was first setled here by Cyril and Methodius, between 860. and 890. Methodius taking care to give them the Bible in the Sclavonian Tongue; together with the Divine Offices; which they hold in high esteem to this day. The Country is very fruitful and rich; has Mines of Gold and Silver, especially about Zerbenick. Herzegovina and Rascia, are the two principal Parts of it.

Sessanne, Sesanna, a small City in La Brie, a Province of France, in the Borders of Champagne: 13 Leagues from Troyes to the North, and 24 from Paris to the East; of late years it suffered much by fire, but now rebuilding. Some have written it Sezania.

Sesans, or Sezans, Cincomagus, an ancient Roman Town in Dauphine; two Leagues from Brianzon to the East, at the foot of the Cottian Alpes.

La Sesia, Sesites, a River of Lombardy, which springeth out of the Pennine Alpes: and flowing between the Dukedom of Milan, and the Principality of Piedmont, watereth Varallo, Romagnano and Vercelli; then falls into the Po, six Miles below Casale.

Sessa, Suessa, Aurunca, an ancient City in Italy, in the Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Capua; from which it stands sixteen Miles to the West, and twenty from Gaeta to the East; in a very fruitful soil for Wine and Corn. Honored with the Title of a Dukedom.

Sesto, Sestos, Sestus, a Town and Fortress upon the Coast of Romania in Europe, on this side the Hellespont, opposite to Abydos in Asia on the other. These two Fortresses guard the Passage of the Archipelago into the Sea of Marmora. See Abydos.

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Sestula, the chief Town of the Territory of Frignana, in the Dukedom of Modena in Italy; towards the Borders of the Bolognese.

Sestri, the name of two Towns in the States of Genoua in Italy, to the East and West of the City Genoua.

Setia, a City in the Isle of Candy, called by the Greeks Sitia; which (though very small) is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Candy. It stands on a Peninsula, on the East side of the Island; under the Turks.

Sethie, Dicte, an Island on the East of Candy, thought by the Pagans to have been the place where Jove was Nursed. Now also called Lassiti, and il Monte di Setia.

Setines, the vulgar Name of Athens by a Corruption of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. See Athens.

Settalia, Pamphylia, a Province in the Lesser Asia, upon the Mediterranean Sea; between Cilicia to the East, and Lycia to the West

Settle, a Market Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire, in the Hundred of Staincliff, upon the River Rible.

Sevenoke, a Market Town in the County of Kent in Sutton Lath: which hath a Hospital and a Free-School founded in 1418. by William Sevenoke, a Lord Mayor of London.

Les Sevennes, Cemmenus, Gebenna, a Mountain in France; which runs a Course of thirty Leagues: between Rovergne and Givaudan (two Provinces of France) to the West, the Switzers and le Velay to to the East. These Mountains begin near the Fountains of the Loyre, in the Province of Vivarais; and are extended as far as Rovergue, and the Borders of the Lower Languedoc. Towards Paris they are very fruitful, and well inhabited. The rest is more barren; and besides the Rivers which spring from it, and its being a Boundary, of no great advantage.

Seven-waldt, Seven-walden, Baduhennae Lucus, a Forest in Friseland.

Severino, Acmonia, a City built by Severus the Roman Emperor, upon the Danube; near Trajanus his Bridge: twelve German Miles from Temeswaer to the North-East.

Severne, Sabrina, one of the noblest Rivers of England; which ariseth in the County of Montgomery in Wales, near Plynllimon Hill, and flows at first East, as far as Llandois: then turning North-East, it watereth New-town; and (leaving Montgomery to the East) passeth by Welsh-Pool to the borders of Shropshire: taking in the Tanot before it entereth that County. So passeth South-West to Shrewsbury, and Worcester; beneath which the Temde, and at Tewkesbury the Avon come in: passing to Glocester, it becomes by that time very great, and beneath that City it has never a Bridge over it. So parting Monmouthshire to to the North from Gloucestershire to the South, it entereth the Irish Sea; by a vast and stately Mouth, liker an Arm of the Sea than a part of a River; fifteen English Miles broad; between Nash-point in Glamorganshire, and Lintow in Devonshire.

Sevilla de Oro, a deserted Town in the North part of the Island of Jamaica; which has a good Harbor upon the Gulph of Mexico, but little frequented by the English. The Spaniards were the Founders of it.

Seville, Hispalis, Ispalis, and Hispalis ad Baetim, a City of Spain; called by the Spaniards Sevilla; great, rich, and populous; the Capital of the Lower Andalusia, and an Archbishop's See; seated upon the River Guadalquivir, upon which it has a frequented Harbor. There belongs also to it an University, a Court of Inquisition, an old Castle (called Alcaser) and a large Suburb called Triana. It is one of the ancientest Cities in Spain; ascribed to Hercules as its Founder, which shews it to be a Phoenician City. The Moors conquered it in the year of Christ 713, and held it five hundred thirty four years. In 1248 it was recovered by Ferdinando, out of the hands of the Moors, after a siege of sixteen Months: since that time two of the Kings of Castile were born here, viz. Ferdinand IV. and Henry II. Ferdinand III. died here in 1252, Alphonsus X. in 1284. When the Spaniards took it from the Moors, there belonged to it a very populous Territory (being seated in a very fruitful Plain;) but by the Banishment of the Moors, it is become almost desolate. Long. 14. 30. Lat. 37. 25. The West-Indian Fleets for the most part land their Merchandise at this City: the Form of whose situation is almost round. The Metropolitan Church passes for the largest in all Spain: You see a great number of Colleges, Chappels, and Religious Houses besides; with Palaces, Grand Places, and Fountains adorning them; whose Streams, by an Aquaduct, are fetched the space of five or six Leagues from the City. In the years 590, and 619, two noted Councils were celebrated here. Isidore Bishop of Sevil rendered both the See and the City famous in his time. The Spaniards proverbially say, Qui no ha visto Sevilla, no ha visto Maravilla: He that hath not seen Sevill, hath not seen a Wonder. § Near this Sevill, in the same Andalusia, stood the ancient City of Italica; whence the Poet Silius, its Native (as many write) was denominated Italicus: and which had the honour of giving Birth to three Roman Emperors, Trajan, Adrian, and Theodosius senior. The place of its ruines now is known by the Name of Sevilla la Vieja, or Old Sevill.

La Seure, Separa, a double River in Poictou, in France. 1. La Seure Nantois, watereth Mortagne in Poictou, and Nantes in Bretagne; then falls into the Loyre. 2. La Seure Niortois, ariseth above S. Maixant; and watering Niort, Mallezais, and Marans, falls into the Bay of Aquitain.

Sewer, Surius, Suirius, a River which ariseth in the County of Tipperary, in the Borders of Leinster, in Ireland; and watering Casshel, Caryck, and Waterford, falls into the Boyne, on the South of Ireland; and with it into the Ocean.

Seyde, Sidon, by the Germans called Said, is a City of Phoenicia, in Syria, upon the Shores of the Mediterranean; North of Tyre; about a League distant from the remains of the ancient Sidon, Sister to Tyre in the Scripture, for its Sins and the Punishments of them. A populous City, full of Merchants and Artisans of all Nations; driving a great Trade in Cotton and Silk. The Franciscans, Capuchins and Jesuits have each their Chappels; the Turks seven or eight Mosques; and the Jews one Synagogue here. The Maronites of Mount Libanus, and the Armenian Greeks enjoy the like Liberties. Without the City, appear many Gardens of Oranges, Citrons, Tamarines, Palm-trees, and the Fig-trees of Adam; (so called, because bearing a Leaf of the length of six foot and the breadth of two, Adam (it is supposed) covered his nakedness with them.) It hath two small Fortresses; but so far ruined, as to remain indefensible. The Turks keep a a Sangiack here, under the Bassaw of Damascus; a Cady, or Judge, and an Aga of the Janizaries. The French, a Consul. All which Officers are handsomely lodged: the rest of the Houses are ill built. The Harbor formerly was capable of receiving many and great Vessels: but is now choaked with Sand to that degree, as to admit only of Skiffs; whilst Ships lye in the road behind the Rocks for Shelter. In the Christian times it was a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Tyre. The Eutychians held Council here of twenty four Bishops, in 512, under the protection of the Emperour Anastasius. In 1260, the Tartars became Masters of it:

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from whom the Turks obtain'd it about one hundred and fifty years since. There is now a Caemetery upon a part of the Mountain Antilibanus, in the place where the Old Sidon stood, for the use of the Christians of Seyde. And the Maronites have a poor Chappel by it.

Seyne. See Seine. •

Sezza, Setia, a City of Campagna di Roma in Italy, of good Antiquity; mentioned by Martial. It is said to have sometime been a Bishop's See, though not now. Du Val places an Epispocal City of the same name in the Terra di Lavoro, in the Kingdom of Naples.

Sfacchia, Leuci, a Range of Mountains in the Territory of Cydonia, on the West side of the Island of Candy; which gave name to the Sfacciotes: who signalized themselves by their valiant resistance against the Turks, when they endeavoured the ravishing that Island from the Seigniory of Venice, of late years.

Shaftsbury, Septonia, a Town upon the Stoure, in the North-East Borders of Dorsetshire, towards Wiltshire: seated in the form of a Bow on an high Hill; which affords it a serene Air, and a large delightful Prospect, but deprives it very much of Water. In the times of the Norman Conquest it had one hundred and four Houses; and after this ten Parish Churches, now three; with about 500 Houses, built of the Freestone of its own Hill. Some write King Canutus the Dane died here. This Town was built by King Alfred, in 880; as Mr. Cambden proves from an old Inscription, mentioned in William of Malmesbury. In 1672, Charles II. created Anthony Ashley Cooper, (then Lord Chancellor of England) Earl of Shaftsbury; who died in Holland, and his Son succeeded him in this Honour.

Shannon, Shennyn, or Shennonon, Senus, Sinejus, a River in Ireland, which is one of the principal in that Kingdom. It ariseth in the County of Roscomon, in the Province of Connaught, out of Mount Slewnern; and flowing Southward through Letrim, forms a vast Lake (called Myne, Eske and Ree,) towards the North end of which, on the East side, stands Letrim; in the middle, Longford; towards the South, Ardagh; on the West side, Elphem and Roscomon; and at some distance from the Lake to the South, Athlone. Beneath which comes in from the West the Logh, (a vast River) from three other Lakes more to the West, (called Garoch, Mesks, and Ben-Carble;) on the East it receives the Anney: so passing by Bannogh and Clonfort, to the Lake of Derg, at Kiloe it leaves that Lake, and passeth to Limerick, where it turns full West; and between Munster to the South, and Connaught to the North enters the Vergivian Ocean by a Mouth five Miles wide; between Cape Leane and Cape Sanan, having in this Course separated Leinster and Munster from Connaught.

Shap, a large Village in the County of Westmorland, in Westward, near the River Lowther: in which, in the Reign of Henry I, Thomas, Son of Jospatrick, founded an Abbey; and the same was the only Abbey in this County. There is near this Town a noted Well, which ebbs and flows often in a day: and a perfect Bow of vast Stones, some nine foot high and fourteen thick, pitch'd at equal distances from each other for for the space of a Mile.

Sheale, a Town in the Bishoprick of Durham, in Chester-ward, upon the Mouth of the River Tine. The Newcastle Coal-Fleet takes its Cargo here.

Sheffield, a large well-built Market-town in the West riding of Yorkshire, in the hundred of Strafford, upon the River Dun; of particular note for Iron Wares, even in Chaucer's time, who describes a Person with a Sheffield VVhittle by his side. It shews the ruines of one of the five Castles, formerly seated upon the same▪ River Dun, in the compass of ten Miles. Corn especially is much bought up here, for the supply of some parts of Derby and Nottingham▪shires, as well as Yorkshire.

Shefford, a Market Town in Bedfordshire, in the Hundred of Clifton, situated between two Rivulets, which below it join to fall in one Stream into the Avon.

Sheppey, Shepey, Toliapis, an Island on the Eastern Coast of Kent; at the Mouth of the Thames and Medway. Separated by the River Medway from Kent, and on all other sides surrounded with the Sea. About eight Miles long and six broad. Fruitful in Pasturage, and well watered, especially on the South, by Rivers. The Danes, Earl Goodwin, his Sons, and their Adherents, much harassed it in former times. Queensborough is its chief Town: it hath several other Towns besides, and hath been honoured with the Title of an Earldom, in the Lady Dacres, Countess of Shepey.

Shepton-Mallet, or Malley, a large Market Town in Somersetshire, in the hundred of VVhiston.

Shipton, a Market Town in VVorcestershire, in the hundred of Oswalderston, upon the River Stower. It stands in a slip of the County, taken off from VVarwickshire.

Shirburne, Clarus Fons, a Town and Castle in the North-West of Dorsetshire; on the Borders of Somersetshire, upon a River of the same Name; which afterwards falls into the Parret: the Capital of its Hundred. Built on the side of an Hill, in a fruitful and pleasant Country; and much increased in the number of its Inhabitants and its Wealth, by the Cloathing Trade. In 704. a Bishop's See was erected here; translated afterwards to Sunning, and thence to Salisbury. The Family of the Digbys, Earls of Bristol, are Barons of Shirburne. § Also a Market Town in the West riding of Yorkshire, in the Hundred of Barkstow, upon a small stream falling into the VVarfe and the Ouse at the place of their Conjunction. This Town is noted for the Stone-quarries near it: well inhabited, and provided with a Free-School.

Shoreham, a Market Town in the County of Sussex, in Bramber Rape, by the Sea side.

Shrewsbury, Salopia, the principal City in Shropshire, is seated upon the Severne; on the top of an Hill of Red Earth, in the middle of that County. The River runs almost round the Town, and is covered by two lovely Bridges. Roger of Montgomery, in the Reign of VVilliam the Conqueror, built on the North side of it a strong Castle, which added much to its strength; he founded a stately Abbey in it, whose remains are extant still. It was then a very considerable Place. Nor is it (after so many Ages) sunk in its Wealth, Riches, or People: but still a goodly City, and the Centre of the Trade between VVales and England. Near this City, in 1463, was a sharp Battel fought between Henry IV. and Henry Percie Earl of Northumberland; on the behalf of Edward Mortimer (Earl of March) as the right Heir of the Crown of England, after Richard II. In 1067, Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Arundel, was by the Conqueror created Earl of Shrewsbury. His Posterity enjoyed it till 1102, in three descents, and then were divested of it. In 1442, John Talbot, Marshal of France, a Person of great Worth and Conduct, (and the terror of France) was by Henry VI, made Earl of this City; which Honour is enjoyed by his Posterity to this day. Charles Talbot, the twelfth of this Line, succeding in 1667. Shrewsbury contains now five Parish Churches: denominates a Lath; is encompassed with a strong Wall, with a Bulwark that ranges from the Castle to the Severn; and is represented in

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the lower House of Parliament by two Burgesses. First supposed to have taken its rise from the ruines of the ancient Ʋriconium, which stood not far from it.

Shropshire, Salopia, is bounded on the North by the County Palatine of Chester; on the East by Staffordshire; on the South by Worcester, Hereford, and Radnorshires; on the West by Montgomery and Denbigh. Its length from North to South is thirty four, its breadth from East to West twenty five, and the circuit about one hundred thirty four English Miles: wherein lye one hundred and seventy Parishes, and fifteen Market Towns. The Air of it is gentle and healthful, the Soil rich and fruitful; abounding in Wheat, Barley, Pit-Coals, Iron and Wood. The Severne (which is the second River of England) divides this County almost in the middle; receiving into it the Camlet, the Morda, the Mele, the Roddon, the Terne, the VVorse, and some others: on the South it has the Temde, which receives the Bradfield, Onke, Omey, Quenny, Stradbrook, Corve, Ledwich and Rea; all which, and some other Rivers, water and enrich the South part of this County; so that it may very well be one of the most fruitful and best peopled Counties in England. The Principal City is Shrewsbury.

Siam, a City and Kingdom beyond the Ganges, in the Further East Indies. The Kingdom is bounded on the North by the Kingdoms of Pegu and Ava; on the East, Cambaya, Lao, Jancoma and Tangu: on the South, the Bay of its own Name; and on the West by the Bay of Bengale: making by this form of its situation a Demicircle of about four hundred and fifty Leagues. Some assign it a far greater extent, and bound it by Pegu and Lao on the North; the Chinian and Indian Oceans to the East and West; with the Kingdom of Malaca to the South: And this way it makes a great Peninsula. It is certain, the King of Siam keeps several other Kingdoms and Principalities tributary to him; and his Country being blessed with a good Air, a fertile Soil, Mines of Lead, Tin, Silver and Gold (tho of a base Alloy,) with store of Ivory; and being visited continually by Vessels from Japan, China, Cochinchina, Tonquin, the Sound and the Philippine Islands; from all parts of the Hither East Indies, and from Arabia, Persia, and the Kingdoms of Europe; it affords the enjoyment of every thing almost that is valuable. Whilst the Sun is in the Northern Signs, from March to September, the Fields are generally overflown by the Rivers, which much contributes to the fertility of them: for the Ear of the Rice mounts above the height of the Waters. The King of Siam was Master heretofore of Malaca; see Malaca. Of late, himself became a Tributary to the King of Pegu; see Pegu. But he is very absolute over, and served with the profoundest Adoration by, his own Subjects. The English, French and Dutch have each their Factories in this Kingdom. The Portuguese and Armenians, Moors and Chinese, settle here in great Numbers: being allowed dwellings in the City Siam, by a Favour not made common to all Nations. Siam, the City, stands in an Island that is formed by the River Menan: surpassing, in the richness of its Temples, most of the proudest Cities in the Indies; and its Palace Royal, where the King resides, built by the River side, is of an extent sufficient to denominate a City of it self. In 1634, the Dutch built themselves a House in Siam, which•is one of the best, belonging to their Company in these Indies.

Siangyang, Siangyanum, a City in the Province of Huquam, in the Kingdom of China. The Capital over six other Cities.

Siara, a small City in Brasil, upon the North Sea, which is the Capital of a Province; has a large safe Haven and a Castle; but not very populous. Under the Portuguese.

〈◊〉, a Kingdom under the Great Mogul, in the East-Indies; towards the Fountains of Ganges, and Mount Caucasus; betwixt Naugracut and Pitane.

Siben, Sabiona, now a Castle only, but formerly a City in the County of Tirol, and a Bishop's See. It is seated upon the River Eysock; ten Miles from Brixia (whither the Brishoprick is removed) to the South-West.

Sicambri, a People of the ancient Germany; placed, by most, about the (now) Province of Guelderland in the Ʋnited Netherlands, betwixt the Maes and the Rhine. By others, upon the banks of the Mayne. Strabo calls them Sugambri; Ptolemy, Synganbri. The Bructeri were a part of their Dependents.

Sichem, an ancient City of the Territory of Samaria, in Palestine; in the Tribe of Ephraim. The same which S. John calls Sychar, John 4. 5. standing near the Well, where our Saviour discoursed the Samaritan Woman. It is mentioned in Abraham's time for the place of his abode, Gen. 12 6. Afterwards for the Sepulchre of Joseph, and the Inheritance of his children, Josh. 24. 32. For the Election of Rehoboam King of Israel, here, by all Israel, 2 Chron. 10. 1. and upon other Occasions. Now called Naplouse, Neapolas▪ and New Samaria. The High Priest of the present Samaritans resides at it.

Sicily, Sicilia, Sicelia, Trinacria, Sicania, Triquetra, a very great Island in the Mediterranean Sea, at the South West point of Italy. Thought by some Ancients to join originally with Italy, as part of the continent, and to have been separated from it by the stormy Powers of the Ocean. It lies in the form of a vast Triangle (from whence some of its names are derived;) having three great Capes (Pelorum) now Faro, to the North-East towards Italy; Pachynus (now Passaro) towards the Morea, and the South-East; and Lilybaeum (now Cape Coco) to the West. Threehundred and eighty Miles from the Morea, one hundred from Africa, one hundred and seventy from Sardinia, and from Italy a Mile and a half. Its North side is two hundred fifty five Miles; its Southern one hundred and ninety; and the Western one hundred fifty five, as Cluverius saith, who measured the whole Island. It is now divided into three Counties, Val di Domoni to the North, Val di Noto to the South, and Val di Mazara to the West. The ancient Cities of greatest power, were Syracusa (now Syragosa) Panormus, Palermo, Messina, and Messana; of which the two last retain their former Dignity. The other Cities are Gergenti▪ Calatagirone, Catania, Cefalu, Trapano, Mazara, Monreal, Noto, Patti, Sacca, and Terra Nova. It is wonderfully fruitful as to Corn and Wine; therefore called by Cato, The Granary of the Common-VVealth, and Nurse of the People of Rome. Abounds also with Cattle, Sheep, Honey, Wine and Oyl. In ancient times it had seventy three Free Cities: in the time of the second Punick War it had sixty six. We have only Fabulous accounts who were the first Inhabitants: but certainly the: Phoenicians have been here,

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and were expelled by the Greeks; who not well agreeing amongst themselves, drew over the Carthaginians to their common ruine. The Romans followed not long after; and in the year of Rome 494, (two hundred and fifty six years before the birth of our Saviour) made themselves Masters of it; it being the first Province they possessed out of the Bounds of Italy. In the mean time Dionysius, Agathocles, Hiero, and Pericles advanced themselves to an Absolute Tyranny here, by the use they made of their Victories. It continued under the Romans till the Reign of Justinian: then the Vandals under Gensericus, (in 439. and 440.) for some time became Masters of it, who were expelled by Bellisarius in 535. Having been miserably spoiled by the Emperor Constans, in 669. it fell into the Hands of the Saracens; who plundered it, as they did several times after, and left it. Leandro Alberti faith, that in the Division of the Empire between Charles the Great, and Nicephorus Emperor of the East, (about 800.) Sicily, Calabria, and Apulia fell to the Emperor of Constantinople: and that it continued under them till the times of Nicephorus Thomas. However we find the Saracens (in 910.) after a great Naval Victory, became Masters of Calabria, Apulia, and Sicily. Leandro placeth this in 914: and saith, the Greeks had part of Sicily still. In 1035. the Saracens were still possessed of part of Sicily: but as Leander saith, they and the Greeks too were expelled by the Normans, in the times of Michael Caliphates (who reigned but one year, about 1041. and 1042) by Gulielmus Ferebatus; [and not by Tancred, as say others.] To this William succeeded, (as Counts of Calabria) Roger I. by the Pope created King of Sicily; he having taken the Pope Prisoner in the year 1139, William II. William III. and Tancred, a Bastard, opposed by Pope Celestine III: who preferred Costanza, (a Daughter of Roger II. an ancient Lady, a Nun) and married her to Henry, Son of Frederick Barbarossa, and made him King of Sicily; to whom succeeded Frederick II. his Son. Then followed Manfredus, his Natural Son; but the Pope set up Charles Duke of Anjou against him in 1263. In 1281. upon Easterday, in time of Vespers, (whence the name came of the Sicilian Vespers) the French were all massacred by the Sicilians, by the Order of Peter III. King of Arragon, who had married the Daughter of Manfred. During this Interval, this Crown had been offered to Richard, Earl of Cornwal; (Brother to Henry III. King of England) and he refused it. From thenceforward it became inseparably united to the Kingdom of Naples, and has ever since had the same fate to this day, being governed by a Vice-Roy, who resides at Palermo the present capital City of it. Hoffman saith, the Saracens were possessed of Palermo; had their Admiral, (or General) there, from 827. to 1070: when they were finally expelled by the Normans, to whom Pope Nicolas granted this Island on that condition, in 1058. So that the Normans might perhaps expell the Greeks in 1042. and the Saracens in 1070. The Inhabitants forced the Spaniards in the year 1647. to recall all their Taxes. This Island enjoyeth three Archbishops Sees, Palermo, Messina, and Monreale; about six or seven Bishops Sees, and one University, Catania. Aetna is a known Mountain here.

Sicyon, an ancient ruined City of the Peloponnesus; of sufficient note in its time. The Turks have built Vasilica upon the Ruins of it.

Sida, Side, a Maritime City of Pamphylia, in the Lesser Asia; upon the Mediterranean and the Borders of Isauria. Honoured formerly with an Archbishops See. In 385. a Council was celebrated at it under Amphilochius Bishop of Iconium. Now in a condition of ruine; and called diversly Scandalor, Candelohora, and Chirisonda.

Sidon. See Seyde.

Sidmouth, a Market and Sea-Town in Devonshire, in the Hundred of Budley; of good account, before its Port was choaked up with Sand.

Siena, Sena, Saena, Senae, a City of Hetruria in Italy, of great antiquity; and a Roman Colony. Seated in the Borders of the Dukedom of Florence; thirty two Miles from that City to the South, and an hundred and seven from Rome to the North. This City; as Polybius saith in his second Book, was built by the Gauls in the year of Rome 396. A. M. 3730. after the taking of Rome by Brennus, and from the Senones, (one of their tribes) took this Name. In the fall of the Roman Empire, it suffered very much from the Barbarous Nations; and is said to have been rebuilt by Charles Martel. The Inhabitants purchased their freedom of Rodolphus the Emperor, and managed the same with various successes till 1555: when it was taken by the Spaniard, and sold to the Duke of Florence in 1558. under whom it still is. In 1459. it was made an Archbishop's See under Pope Pius II. It was a flourishing University in 1386. but when founded is not known to me. Several Popes (Alexander III. Pius II. Pius III. Alexander VII.) and great Men have been Natives of this place: its greatest glory is S. Catherine of Siena, a Dominican, who persuaded Pope Gregory IX. to leave Avignon. She died in 1380. Canonized by Pope Pius II. in 1461.

Sierra-Liona, a chain of Mountains upon the Frontiers of Nigritia and Guinee, in Africa; therefore placed sometimes in the one and sometimes in the other, by Writers. It gives name to the River Sierra-Liona, and to a large African Kingdom, whither the English, French, Dutch and Porteguese traffick for Ivory, Ambergrease, Pepper, Crystal, Coral, pieces of Gold, &c. The English, for the security of their Commerce, built themselves a Fort upon the River Sierra-Liona; which in 1664 was lost to the Dutch. In 1607 the King of this Country with his Family and others received Christian Baptism of Father Barreira a Portuguese Jesuit of the Mission. The Portuguese called him Dom Philippe de Lion, in allusion to the name of his Kingdom. The present King is also a Christian; tho the greatest part of the People, Heathens. His Kingdom extends from Cape Verga to Cape Tagrin, and hath its name from the noise of the Sea against the Rocks, and the thunder from the Mountains of it resembling the roaring of a Lion.

Sierras-Nevadas, a Chain of Mountains in Castile d'Or, in South America; extended the space of forty Leagues, and accounted two in height: being, tho near the Line, in the hottest seasons always covered on the top with Snow; as it is intimated in its Name.

Siga, a City of Mauritania Caesariensis in Africa, with a Port upon the Mediterranean, in the Kingdom of Algiers. It is an ancient City, and in Christian times has been a Bishop's See. Now called Humain. A River of its own name, Siga, falls into the Mediterranean here.

Sigan, a City of the Province of Xensi in China; which is the Capital over thirty five other Cities.

Sige, and Sigeium Promontorium, an ancient Episcopal City of Troas, in Asia minor: ruined. For the Promontory see Janizzari.

Sigeth, Salinae, Metuharis, a strong Town (the Head of a County of the same Name) in the lower Hungary, seated in a Marsh made by the River Alme; two Hungarian Miles from the Drave, seven from Alba Regalis to the South, and five from Quinque Ecclesiae to the West. It has a very strong Castle, fortified with three Ditches and as many Walls: which, added to the situation of it, make it very considerable.

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Solyman the Magnificent ended his Life at Quinque Ecclesiae during the Siege of this place; which was yielded to the Turks September 7. 1566, after a Defence that wanted nothing but Success to have rendered it the most celebrated that has happened: Nicolas Esdrin, Count of Serini, (Governour of it) being slain in the last Sally, which he made at the head of his remaining Forces. It is now in the Emperor's hands by re-conquest: surrendred January 15, 1688. The Imperialists found therein eighty five pieces of Cannon § There is another Town of the same Name in the Ʋpper Hungary; near the Fountains of the Tibiscus, in the Principality of Transylvania.

Sign, a Venetian Garrison in Dalmatia, besieged by the Turks twenty four days, in 1687: and relieved by the Forces of the Republick under General Cornaro.

Silaro, Silarus, a River in the Kingdom of Naples, in former times the Boundary of Lucania; and now often called il Selo, and il Silaro. It ariseth in the Hither Principate from the Apennine; and falls into the Bay of Salerno, eighteen Miles from that City to the East.

Il Sile, Silis, a River in the States of Venice; which watereth the City of Treviso, and then falls into the Adriatick Sea.

Silesia, a great Province in the Kingdom of Bohemia; called by the Inhabitants, Slisko; by the Poles, Slusko; by the Germans, Schlesien. Bounded on the East by Poland; on the North by the Marquisate of Brandenburgh; on the West with Lusatia and Bohemia, properly so called; on the South with Moravia, and the Ʋpper Hungary. It was for eight hundred and sixty years a part of Poland: and revolted from that Crown under Ʋladislaus Loch, King of Poland, in 1327. In the fifteenth Century, this Country generally imbraced the Doctrines of John Hus: which were tolerated by Rhodolphus II. in 1609. It had at first several Princes of Royal and Sovereign Jurisdictions in their several Principalities; which together with the Piastean Family, ended in the Person of George William, in 1675: whereupon that Country returned entirely to the Emperor, as King of Bohemia; having been above three hundred years ago united to the Kingdom of Bohemia. The Principal Cities and Towns in this Province are, Brieg, Crossen, Glogaw, Grotkaw, Jawer, Lignitz, Monsterberg, Olss, Troppaw, Oppelen, Ratibor, Sagan, Schweidnitz, Volaw, and Breslaw, which is the Capital City of this Country. It is divided into the Ʋpper and Lower Silesia.

The Isles of Silly, Silurum Insulae, Casiterides, a knot of Islands in the Vergivian Ocean; to the West of the Land's end of Cornwal; an hundred and twenty Miles South of the Coast in Ireland, sixty from the Land's end, and an hundred and forty from Cape S. Mahe in Britagne. The French call them the Sorlingues. They are and ever have been under the Crown of England: in all above an hundred and forty five; all clad with Grass or green Moss. The greatest of them is S. Mary, which has a Town and Harbor of the same Name. Where Queen Elizabeth, in 1593, built a Castle to defend it from the Spaniards; and fixed a Garrison in it. King Athelstane was the first of the Saxon Kings that conquered them. See Cambden.

Simmeren, a Town and County in the Palatinate of the Rhine in Germany. The Town hath a Castle belonging to it.

Simois, a small River of Troas in Phrygia, in the Lesser Asia. It arileth out of Mount Ida, and joining with the Scamander, falls into the Archipelago together with it near Cape Janizari, at the entrance into the Streights of Gallipoli.

Sin, Sina, a City in the Kingdom of China, in the Province of Choquang; seated at the foot of a Mountain. § Also a Desart, betwixt the Mountains Elim and Sinai, in Arabia: whither the Israelites, in their March, came the fifteenth day after their departure from Egypt; and murmuring for hunger, were relieved by an extraordinary Rain of Quails and Manna, Exod. 16. 4. 13.

Sinai, a part of the Mountain Horeb, upon the Coast of the Red Sea, in the Stony Arabia: separated by a large Valley from the Mountain of S. Catherine. It hath at some distance from its foot a Spring of good Water: and upon the top two Grotto's in Rocks, at this day said to be the place where Moses received the Ta¦bles of the Law, and where he passed his forty days fast. It is now wholly covered with a Multitude of Chappels, Convents, Cells and Gardens; possessed by some Latin, amongst a crowd of Greek Christians, who, ever since the third Century, have been planting their solitary Settlements here: So that in the former Christian times, this Mountain with Horeb had as many Chappels upon it as employed fourteen thousand Hermits to serve them; but the Turks have reduced that number since. The Israelites lay encamped a whole year about this Mountain.

Singara, an ancient City in Mesopotamia, near a Mountain of the same Name; now said to be called Atalis. It saw a severe Battel betwixt the Armies of the Emperour Constantius and Sapores II. King of Persia, in 349.

Singen, two Villages upon Rocks, almost inaccessible, within a quarter of a Mile from one another in the Dukedom of Wirtemburgh, in Schwaben in Germany: near the Castle of Hoentwiel.

Sinopi, Sinope, a celebrated City of Paphlagonia, in the Lesser Asia, upon the Euxine Sea; which is a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Amisum. Seated upon a small River of the same Name, having two Harbors. Built by Macritius, a Coan, about the year of Rome 125: and fell not into the Romans hands, till they had conquered Mithridates, who had a Palace here. After this it became a Colony. In later times subject to its own Bishop, from whom it was ravished by the Turks, who call it Sinabe: It has had yet the good fortune to preserve it self in a tolerable State under those devouring Enemies of Mankind. Long. 64. 00. Lat. 45. 00. Valerius Flaccus intimates its ancient Splendor, where he says,

Assyrios complexa sinus stat opima Sinope. Diogenes the Cynick Philosopher, was its Native.

Sinuessa, an antient Roman Colony in the Campagna di Roma in Italy: which Ptolemy calls Soessa, and Livy Synope. It became afterwards a Bishop's See. but is now ruined; and Rocca di Mondragone is built in the place of it. Baronius refers the Council in 30•, that was held in the affair of P. Marcellinus, to this City.

Sion, Sèdunum, a City ascribed by Pliny to Gallia Narbonensis; now the Capital of Valais; and called by the Germans, Sitten. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Moutiers en Tarontaise; in a pleasant Plain, having only one Hill on the East side; on which stand three Castles; in one of them the Bishop resides. There is a small River runs by it, called Sitta, which after falls into the Rhosne. It stands fifteen Miles from Bearne to the South, and fifty five from Geneva to the East. The Bishop is the Sovereign of the City, Earl of Valais, and a Prince of the Empire: who for his security is Leagued with the Seven Catholick Cantons of the Swiss; the Pretensions of the Duke of Savoy to his Country having formerly occasioned long and bloody Wars. The See did reside at Martigny in Chablais, till the ruine of that Place; and then it came to be translated hither. Charles the Great, about the year 802, bestowed these great Privileges upon this See.

Sion, a Mountain and Cittadel in the ancient Jerusalem, on which a part of that City was built. The

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Knights of the Teutonick Order bore the name heretofore, of the Order of our Lady of Mount Sion.

Sior, Siorium, a City in Asia; the Capital of the Province of Semgad and Kingdom of Corea, a Tributary Prince to the Kingdom of China. It is seated sixty Leagues from the Southern Borders of that Kingdom, upon a great River: as Henry Hamel van Gorcum a Dutchman saith, who lately published his Travels in this Kingdom. This Kingdom lies to the North-East of China; in a great Peninsula, toward Japan, and the Streights of Anian.

Sipbntum, an old Roman Town in the Province called Capuanata, in the Kingdom of Naples: whose Ruines yet appear at the soot of Mount Gargano, two Miles from Manfredonia. It had the honour to be made an Archbishop's See: but being by the Saracens in the eighth Century, Earthquakes, and other Misfortunes, destroyed; the See was removed to Manfredonia. The Antients mention it under the several names of Sypus, Sepius, Sepus, Sipontum, and Sepuntum. The Gulph upon the Adriatick Sea near to it, took and retains its name.

Sirad, Sirackz, Siradia, a City in the Greater Poland, which is the Capital of a Palatinate of the same name. It stands upon the River Warta; six Miles from Vielun to the North, twenty from Breslo to the East, and forty five from Warsaw to the West.

Sirmish, Sirmich or Zirmach, Sirmis, Sermium, Sirmium, a City of the Lower Pannonia, in which Probus the Emperor was born. Now called Szreim by the Natives, and Sirmish by the Germans: a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Colocza; and the Capital of a County, called by its Name, in Sclavonia. It lies between the Danube to the East, the Save to the South, Walcowar to the North, and Possega to the South. This City stands fourteen German Miles from Belgrade to the West, about two from the Save to the North, and from Esseck to the South, at the soot of Mount Almus. Now by the Turks reduced to a mere Village; formerly famous for two Arian Councils held under Constantius the Emperor; one in 351. the other in 357. Socrat. l. 2. c. 25. Long. 43. 05. Lat. 45. 24. Photinus was then Bishop of the Place, whom they deposed for a Sabellian. In one, they omitted the Word Consubstantial; in the other, they forbad both the Word and the Thing.

Le Siron, Sirio, Serio, a River of Aquitain in France.

Situs, or Sidrocapsa, a City of Macedonia, famous for its Silver Mines: and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Thessalonica; from which it stands fifty five Miles to the East, towards Mount Athos. Called in the latter Maps, Sidrocapse; but by Leunclavius, Sirus.

Sisseg, Siscia, an ancient City of Pannonia; and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Colocza. Now a Village in Croatia, with a Monastery seated upon the Save, and the Colaps; in the Borders of Sclavonia: two Miles from Zagrab, (or Agram,) which has robbed it of the Bishops See. Under the Emperor.

Sisteron, Seg•stero, Segesteriorum Ʋrbs, Sistarica, an ancient City of Gallia Na•bonensis; now a Bishops See in the Province of Provence in France: great and populous: built upon the River Durance, (where it receives the Buech) in the Borders of Dauphiné: twenty four Leagues from Orange to the East, twenty six from Grenoble to the South, and from Marseilles to the North-East.

Sittaw, or Zitaw, Setuja, a City of Germany in Lusatia.

Sitten. See Sion, a City in Valais.

Sittia, Cytaeum, a City at the North-end of the Isle of Candy, called Setia (and Sitia;) which is a Bishops See: small, but very strong: seated in a Peninsula, and for the most part surrounded by the See: it has a noble, large, safe Haven; the Capital of a County, and one of the four Cities of that Island; but in Slavery under the Turks.

Siucheu, a Territory in the Province of Nanquin in China.

Sixenne, a Village upon the Borders of the Kingdom of Arragon in Spain: famous for a Priory of the Order of S. John of Jerusalem, sounded about the year 1188. by Queen Sancha of Castile, Wise to Alphonsus II. King of Arragon, sirnamed the Chaste: who after the Death of her Husband, took the Habit her self in this House, and divers Princesses with her. She endowed it with large Revenues, and a very considerable Jurisdiction: to the Benefices and Cures whereof the Prioress at this day nominates, and hath a Voice and Seat in the Provincial Chapter of Arragon. The House is walled like a Fortress, with a Noble Palace in it, for the Residence of the Prioress; who attains to her Dignity, by the Election of the Religious. They bear the name also of the Ladies of Malta; as owing Fidelity and Obedience by Oath to the Great Master of the Knights of Malta: from which, though they substracted about the year 1470. to put themselves immediately under the Pope; Yet in 1569. they returned again to it, fearing otherwise to fall under the Spiritual Jurisdiction of the Bishop of Lerida. The persons admitted must make proof of their quality, as Ladies. They wear a large Cross in white Silk upon their Breasts; and in time of Office, bear in their hands a Silver Scepter, as the Badges of their Order.

Skeningrave, a small Sea-Town in the North Riding of Yorkshire; West from Mulgrave Castle. The Seal-Fish appear in great Shoals about the Rocks here.

Skipton, a Market Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire, in the Hundred of Staincliff, and the Tract of Craven: upon a Stream, falling into the River Are.

Skofde, Skofda, a small City in Westrogothia in Sweden.

Skye, Skia, an Island on the West of Scotland; fifty Miles in length from East to West. It lies about three Miles from the Shoars of Rosse to the West; and has never a Town or City of Note.

Sladitza, Osmus, a River of Bulgaria.

The Sleeve, the Sea between France and England: or the Streights of Calais.

Slawkow, Slaukovia, a City in Bohemia in Moravia; called by the Germans Austerlitz: it stands five Miles from Olmitz to the South.

Sleaford, a large, well inhabited Market Town in Lincolnshire, in the Hundred of Flaxwell; near the Head of a Stream of its own name, falling into the Witham. It shews the ruined Walls of a Castle, which it had in former times.

Slego, Slegum, a Town and County in Conaught in Ireland, on the Western Shoar.

Sleswick, Slesvicum, a City of Denmark; heretofore called Hedeba and Slietory. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Lunden, and the Capital of a Dutchy of the same Name: seated upon the River Sleie, (which falls into the Baltick Sea) four German Miles from the Mouth of that River to the West; between Flensburg to the North, and Rensburg to the South; sixteen Miles from Lubeck and Hamburg to the North. Its Bishoprick was instituted in 948. by Harald Bla•tland; and extinguished in 1556. by Frederick II. King of Denmark. Once an Imperial and Free City, but now exempt and under

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the Duke of Holstein Gotthorp. Long. 32. 45. Lat. 54. 55.

The Dukedom of Sleswick, Slesvicensis Ducatus, is a part of the Cimbrica Chersonesus; sometimes called South Jutland. On the East it is bounded by the Baltick Sea, on the South by Holstein, on the West by the German Ocean, and on the North by Jutland. John Buno denies it to be any part of Holstein or Germany: but saith, it is a Fife of the Crown of Denmark. Lotharius the Emperor created Canutus (Duke of S'eswick) King of the Vandals, in 1130. Christian Son of Theodorick Oldemburg (King of Denmark) united this and Holstein to the Crown of Denmark, in 1566. Christian IV. granted it to the Duke of Holstein, in 1589. but as a Feudatary and Subject of the Crown of Denmark. By the Treaty of Roschild, in 1658. this Dukedom was declared a Sovereign State by the Procurement of the Swedes: the Affairs of Denmark requiring then a Compliance with the Demands of that Victorious Nation. But the Crown of Denmark taking the advantage of better times, forced this Duke to become a Subject of Denmark again; by a Treaty made at Flensburg, in 1675. which last Treaty has been endeavoured to be rescinded, and that of Roschild confirmed by the Swedes, and other of the Northern Princes.

Slonim, Slonima, a small City in Lithuania, in the Palatinate of Novogrod; eight Polish Miles from that City to the South, upon the River Sezura.

Sluczk, Slucum, a Town in Lithuania, honoured with the Title of a Dukedom: great and populous, but for the most part built only of Timber, upon a River of its own name. It stands in the Palatinate of Novogrod, fifteen Polish Miles North from the Borders of Polesia. Constantine Duke of Ostrog, (in the Reign of Sigismund I King of Poland) defeated three great Armies of the Tartars, in a Fight of three days continuance near this place.

Sluys, Slusa, Clausulae, a small, but very strong Town in Elanders; about one League from the Ocean, four from Midleburg to the South-East, and three from Bruges. Taken by the Dutch in 1604. from the Spaniards; and ever since in their hands.

Smaland, Smalandia, a County of Gothland under the Swedes; between Westrogothia to the West, Bleking to the South, the Baltick Sea to the East, and Ostrogothia to the North. The principal Places in it are Calmar, Jonckoping and Wexsio.

Smalkalde, Smalcalda, a City in Franconia in Germany, in the County of Henneneberg, under the Duke of Hess-Cassel: not above one German Mile from the River Werra, four from Isenach, and six from Erford to the North-West. Particularly regardable on the account of a League made and confirmed here by the Protestant Princes, in the years successively, 1530. 1531. 1535. and 1537. against Charles V. Wherein, besides thirty Lutheran Cities which had embraced the Confession of Ausbourgh, the Kings of Sweden and Denmark, the Dukes of Brunswick, Pomerania and Wirtembourgh, the young Marquess of Brandenbourgh, the Elector of Saxony, Landtgrave of Hesse and other Princes, by times, engaged: and whereas the Pope had convocated (what they desired) a free Council at Mantoua, these in their Assembly in 1537. (whereat Luther and Melancthon assisted), answered. They would never consent to a Council out of Germany. In 1547. Charles V. dissipated all the Forces of this League in one Campaign; taking the Elector of Saxony, and the Landtgrave of Hesse Prisoners. But in 1552. having recruited themselves again, they obliged Charles V. to conclude the Peace of Passaw, whereby Lütheranism was authoritatively established in Germany.

Smyrna, a City of Ionia in the Lesser Asia, of great Antiquity, as laying claim to the Birth of Homer. The Turks call it Ismyrna. It is an Archbishops See; great, rich, and populous; the Seat of a Turkish Sangiack: built partly on an Hill, partly in a Plain, in the form of an Amphiathe•re; upon the River Mele: having a large and secure Haven, upon a Gulph of the Archipelago, to which it gives name: very much frequented by the English and Dutch Merchants; to whom alone the present Greatness and Wealth of it is owing. The ancient Greeks and Persians went often to War about it. Taken by the Venetians, in 1344. from the Turks; and not retaken till 1428. This was one of the Seven Churches mentioned in the Revelations; and almost the only one that is in a tolerable condition. See Mr. Wheeler's Travels, pag. 240. Long. 55. 30. Lat. 39. 28. An Earthquake and a Fire conspired the same day to do mischief to this City, June 13. 1688. They reckon in it, besides the Northern Merchants, about sixteen thousand Turks, fifteen thousand Greeks, eight thousand Armenians, six or seven thousand Jews. The Turks have fifteen Mosques for their Religion; the Jews seven Synagogues; the Latin Christians three Churches; the Greeks two; and the Armenians one. There is a Convent of French Capuchines; with some French Jesuits, and Italian Cordelieres. Each foreign Nation keeps a Consul here for Commerce: which consists in Persian Silks, Turkey Leather, Camelets, Tapistry, &c. Some curious Ruins of its ancient Magnificent Buildings are yet extant; of which, and of its Noble Statues, many have been thence transported by the English. It was heretofore much greater than now. The Summer Season would be insupportably hot, but for a refreshing Air from the Sea, which rises ordinarily about ten in the Morning, and blows till Night. Provisions are cheap in it. The Turks govern it, not by a Bassa, but a Cady, a Civil Officer; who uses the Christians obligir gly.

Snath, a Market Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire, in the Hundred of Osgodcross: adjoined by the Tract of Marshland.

Snetham, or Snetsham, a Market Town in the County of Norfolk, and the Hundred of Smethden: seated upon a Rivulet, not far from the Sea.

Soana, Suana, a small City in the Territory of Siena; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Siena. It stands upon a very high Hill, near the River La Flore; in the Borders of the States of the Chürch; forty eight Miles from Siena to the North-East. In a declining State, and wasted almost to a Village. Long. 34. 46. Lat. 42. 11. Pope Gregory

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VII. was born here. In 1626. a Synod was held here also.

Sobrarbe, a Tract in Arragon towards the Pyrenean Hills, and Catalonia. Honoured formerly with the Title of a Kingdom.

Soconusco, a Province in New Spain, in South America, lying along the Pacifick Ocean.

Soczow. See Suchzow.

Sodom, the Capital of the five miserable Cities of the Plain, in Palestine; called in one name Pentapolis: whose destruction by Fire from Heaven, (according to the History of the Old Testament, Gen. 19) or by an Earthquake vomiting forth a Lake of Subterraneous Sulphur and Brimstone, according to Strabo, (who advances the number of these Cities to thirteen,) became a Proverb to the World.

Sodore, Sodera, an ancient decayed City, in the Island of Cholmkill, on the West of Scotland; and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Glasco: in which place, there are interred forty eight Kings of Scotland, four Kings of Ireland, and eight Kings of Norway. The Abbey here was built by S. Columbus, the Great Apostle of the Northern Nations; and from this place, the Bishop of the Isle of Man is stiled Sodorensis in Latin.

Soest, Susatum, a City in the Circle of Westphalia in Germany, in the County of Mark; called by the French Soust. Once an Imperial Free City, but now subject to the Elector of Brandenburg, as Earl of Mark: Taken by the French in 1673. and afterwards deserted. This City, in more ancient times was granted by Frederick I. to the Archbishop of Cologne; but being too much oppressed by them, it put it self under the Protection of the Counts of Mark: and this in time turned to a Sovereignty; but it has some remains of its ancient Liberty. It stands seven German Miles from Paderborne West; and Munster South; and four from Ham to the East.

Soisons, Suessiones, Suessia, Civitas Augusta Suessionum, an ancient Roman City in the Isle of France; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Reims; and the Capital of a County called Le Soissonnois. A great, fine, strong City; seated upon the River Aisne, which divides it; five Leagues from the Confines of Picardy; eleven from Reims to the West, and twenty two from Paris. Pepin was first proclaimed King of France in this City, in 752. Soissonnois the District belonging to it, was heretofore a part of Picardy: it lies between Reims to the East, Picardy to the North, Valois to the West, and Le Brie to the South. It took this name from the Suessones, an old Gallick Tribe, which inhabited it before the Roman Conquest. Honoured for many Ages with the Title of an Earldom. The City hath six Abbeys in it, besides Churches and divers Ecclesiastical and Religious Houses. In 853. a Council was assembled at it in the presence of Charles the Bald, King of France.

Solane, Solana, a small River in Aquitain in France; which in the Province of Limosine falls into the Courezze by the City of Tulle.

Solao, Salaca, a Province of the Higher Aethiopia, near the River Tacaz; between the Kingdom of Bagamidra to the South, and the Province of Arbagela to the North.

Soldin, the same with Seleusia Pieria, a City of Syria.

Soleurre, Salodurum, Salodorum, a City of Switzerland; which is the Capital of a Canton called by its name. The Natives call it Soleurre, the Germans Solothurn, the Italians Soloduro: It stands upon the River Arola; seven Miles from Basil to the South, and from Friburg to the North; and five from Berne to the same. The Canton is the eleventh in the number; small, and Roman Catholick.

Solfarin, a small Seigniory or Lordship in Mantoua.

Solms, Solmia, a County in Germany, which has its Name from a ruined Town on the River Lohne. It lies extended from North to South, part in Westerwaldt, and part in Weteraw; between Hassia to the East, and Treves to the West; under its own Count, whose Residence is in the Castle of Brunsfeld.

Soloe, or Soli, the Birth-place of the ancient Greek Poet Aratus. This City is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Seleucia. It stands in Cilicia, in Asia Minor; and took for some time the name of Pompeiopolis, from its re-establishment by Pompey the Great. Pliny mentions it upon the account of a Fountain it anciently had of an extraordinary quality. Now called Palesoli.

Sologne, Solonia, Sicalonia, a small Province under the Prefecture of Orleans: by Latin Writers also called Secalonia, Sigalonia, Siligonta and Sabulonia, being a Sandy Country; & particularly fruitful in Wheat and Rice. It lies between the Provinces of Orleans, Berry, and Blaisois; but its proper Limits are lost. The principal Town in it, is Romorentin; eight Leagues from Bois South, and fourteen from Bourges North.

The Islands of Solomon, a Mass of great Islands in the Pacifick Sea, towards New Zelandt: discovered by Alvarez Mendoza in 1567. but little frequented by the Europeans. The names of some of them, are S. George, S. Mark, S. Nicholas, S. Anne, S. Catherine, the Three Maries, S. James, S. Christopher, S. Jerome, &c.

Solothurn. See Soleure.

Solpe, a City and Bishop's See in the Province called Capitanota. in the Kingdom of Naples.

Solsona, a City in Catalonia in Spain: which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tarragona; made such in 1593. by Pope Clement VIII. It stands upon the River Cordoner, at the foot of the Mountains; about three Leagues from Cardona to the North. A small ill peopled Place, though it has been fortified by the French.

Soltwedel, Heliopolis, Solvedelia, a City in the ancient Marquisate of Brandenburg, upon the River Jetz; eight German Miles from Ʋlcan to the East, and ten from Havelburg. The Inhabitants report, it was built by Charles the Great; after he had destroyed a Statue of the Sun, which was worshipped in this Place.

Solwey Fryth, Ituna, an Arm of the Irish Sea, which parts England from Scotland.

Somersetshire, Belgae, Durotriges, Somersetia, is a rich, populous, and fruitful County in the West of England. Bounded on the North by the Severne Sea, and Glocestershire cut off by the Severne; on East by Wiltshire, on the South by Dorsetshire, and part of Devonshire; on the West by Devonshire and the Irish Sea. It contains in length from East to West fifty Miles, in breadth forty, in circuit two hundred and four; wherein lie three hundred eighty five Parishes, and thirty Market Towns. The Air is mild and gentle in the Summer: the Roads are extremely miry and deep in the Winter; which is recompenced by the Fertility of the Soil, yielding Corn and Grass in great plenty; nor is it destitute of Mines of Lead. Whence comes the usual Proverb here, What is worse for the Rider, is best for the Abider. These Mines are found particularly in Mendip-Hills. It has also a Rock called S. Vin¦cent's Rock; where are found great plenty of Diamonds, equal to those of India in their Lustre; but not in hardness. It has three Noble Cities, Bristol, Bath, and Wells: all which are discoursed of in their proper places. The Rivers Parret, Tor, Tone, Frome and others water it, besides the Severne's Mouth. The first Earl of this County was William de Mohun, created in 1138. The second, Willam Long-Espee, Base Son to Henry II. in 1197. The third, Reginald de Mohun, in 1296. The fourth, John de Beauford, in 1396. In which Family it continued till 1471. in six Descents. The tenth was Edmond (third Son of Henry VI.) in 1496. The eleventh, Henry Fitz Roy a Base Son of Henry VIII. The twelfth, Edward Seymor, (Lord Protector of Edward VI.) created Duke in 1546. beheaded in 1552. The thirteenth, was William Carre in 1614. The fourteenth, William Seymor, Marquess of Hartford; restored to his Great-Grand father's Title of Duke of Somerset, by Charles II. in 1660. since which time, there have been five Descents in this Family.

Somerton, a Market Town in Somersetshire. The Capital of its Hundred: of great consideration heretosore, when it is said to have given Name to its County.

Somme, or Some, Phrudis, Somona, Samara, a River in Picardy in France; which ariseth in a place called Fon Somme in Vermandois; two Leagues from S. Quintin to the West; and running West, watereth Han, Peronne, Corbie, Amiens, Abbeville and S. Valery, where it falls into the British Sea, twelve French Leagues South of Boulogne, over against Rye in Sussex; having divided Picardy into two parts.

Sommiers, Sommeria, a small City in the Lower Languedoc, upon the River Vidole; four Leagues from Mompellier to the South-East, and the same distance from Nismes. Once a fortified City.

Songo, a City of the Kingdom of Madingua, in the division of Nigritia, in Africa.

Sonneburg, one of the chief Towns in the Island of Oesel in the Baltick Sea.

Sonnemberg, a Town in the Marquisate of Brandenburgh in Germany, near Poland, to the East.

Sor, or Soro, a River in the Kingdom of Portugal, which divides Alentejo from Extremadura; and falls into the Taio at Salvaterra▪ nine Miles above Lisbone.

Sora, a City of Latium, upon the River Garigliano; now a Bishops See in the Kingdom of Naples, in the Terra di Lavoro; which is under no Archbishop. It has a splendid Castle: honoured with the Title of a Dukedom, belonging to the Family di Boncompagno; and slands fifty five Miles from Rome to the East, and ten from the Lake di Celano (Fucinus) to the South. § This is also the name of a City in the Island of Scelandt, in the Baltick Sea, belonging to Denmark: which has an University in it, founded by Frederick II. and re-established by Christian IV. Kings of Denmark.

Soracte, a Mountain in the Dukedom of Tuscany in Italy: consecrated to Apollo in the Heathen Ages there. It is now called Monte di S. Silvestre.

Soratoff, Soratovia, a City in the Kingdom of Astracan, upon the Wolga; in the middle between Casan to the North, and Astracan to the South: Lat. 52. 12. in a great Plain. The Inhabitants are all Muscovites. See Olearius, Pag. 162.

Soraw, Sorava, a small City in Lusatia; the Capital of the Lower part of that Province, and under the Elector of Saxony. It stands in the Borders of Silesia; two German Miles from Sagan to the West, and five from Crossen to the South; often taken and retaken in the Swedish War.

Sorge, Sorgue, Orge, Sorge, Sulga, Sulgas, a River of Gallia Narbonensis; which ariseth in the County of Vendosmois in Provence, and falls into the Rhosne above Avignon, but very near it; at a Town called Pont-Sorge.

Soria, Syria.

Soria, Numantia Nova, Soria, a City of New Castile; not above one League beneath the Ruins of the ancient and celebrated Numantia: seated in the Mountains, well peopled, and having belonging to it a very large Jurisdiction. It stands twelve Leagues from Baubula to the South-West, and eight from Tarazona to the North-West.

Soritae, an ancient people, mentioned by Pliny, as neighbouring upon India; and living altogether upon Fish.

Sorlings. See Silly-Islands.

Sorrento, Sorriento, Surrentum, Surentum, a City in the Kingdom of Naples; which is an Achbishops See in the Terra di Lavoro, on the Bay of the Hither Principato; twenty four Miles from Naples to the South. It is seated in a fruitful Plain; and though very ancient, (being mentioned by Pliny and Livy) yet in a good Estate. Long. 38. 20. Lat. 40 33.

Sosteropolis, Soteropolis, a ruined small City, which stood near Nicomedia in Bithynia, in Asia Minor: where according to Zoneras, died Constantine the Great of Poyson.

Soubiac, or Sublac, a small Town in Campagna di Roma, in the Dominions of the Pope. It stands

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upon the River Teverone: and is noted for an Abbey of the Order of S. Benedict, who did himself choose a Retreat here.

Souilly, or Seulley, a Town in the Dukedom de Bar in Lorain.

Soul, Sous, a Kingdom in the East part of Biledulgerid in Africa; under the King of Marocco.

Soule, a Territory in the Pais des Basques in France: Honoured with the Title of a Viscounty. The chief Town in it, is Mauleon de Soule.

Soumel, a Town in the Kingdom of Bengale, in the Empire of the Great Mogul, towards the Ganges.

The Sound. See Sund.

Sour. See Tyre.

Soure, Sura, a River in the Dukedom of Luxemburg; called by the Germans▪ Saur, by the French Soure. It ariseth near Bastoigne; eight Leagues from Luxemburg; and being increased with some smaller Rivers, watereth Dietkirch: beneath which, it receivs the Ʋr from Viande to the North; then passeth to Echternach and Wasser-bilch; where it falls into the Moselle two Leagues above Trier to the South.

Souri, a Province of Turcomania, in the Lesser Asia.

Sourie, the same with Zurich.

Souriquois, a Tribe of the unconquered Salvages of New France, in North America.

Souristan, the same with Syria.

Sousos, a people of Nigritia in Africa.

Souster, Susa, the Capital of Chusistan in the Kingdom of Persia; one hundred and eighty Miles from Bagdad to the East; now in a flourishing State.

Southampton, Clausentum, Antonia, Magnus Portus, Trisantonum Portus, a small City in the County of Hamshire, seated on the West side of the River Anton, or Hampton, (which comes from Winchester, and here falls into the great Bay of Southhampton;) ten Miles from Winchester to the South. This was a Roman Fort called Clausentum, and ruined by the Danes in 980. Also plundered and burnt by the French under Edward III. and rebuilt in the Reign of Richard. It is a strong, rich, populous, well traded City; fenced with a double Ditch, strong Walls, and many Turrets; for the Defence of the Haven, it has a strong Castle built by Richard II. The Haven is capable of Ships of good Burthen, up to the Key: and lies opposite to Jernsey, Garnsey, and Normandy. There are now five Parish Churches in this City. Henry VI. granted it a Mayor, and made it a County, in 1067. Beauvois of Southampton (that celebrated Warriour) was its first Secular Earl, in 1538. (The Bishops of Winchester being before reputed to be Earls of Southampton; and so styled in the Statutes of the Garter made by Henry VIII.) Willam Fitz William Lord Admiral, in 1547. Thomas Wriothsley (Lord Chancellour) was created the third Earl by Edward VI. to whom succeeded three of his Posterity. The last died in 1667. In 1675. Charles II. created Charles Fits Roy (eldest Son to the Duchess of Cleaveland) Baron of Newbery, Earl of Chicester, and Duke of Southampton.

Southwark, a large Borough in the County of Surrey, and the Hundred of Brixton; opposite to London, on the other side of the Thames; and under the Jurisdiction of the Lord Mayor of London; yet enjoying several ancient Privileges peculiarly to it self, and represented in the Lower House of Parliament by its own Burgesses. In the number of Inhabitants and Buildings, it exceeds most Cities; notwithstanding its Losses by many great Fires. S. Thomas's Hospital, founded by the Citizens of London, stands here.

Southwell, a Market Town in Nottinghamshire, in the Hundred of Thurgarton, of good Antiquity: upon a Rivulet, falling not far off into the Tren•: Adorned with a Collegiate Church.

Southwould, Sowold or Swold, a small Corporation and Sea-Port Town in the County of Suffolk; famous for the many Rendezvouzes of the English Fleets, when ever we have had any Wars with the Hollanders: especially for two great Naval Victories obtained against them in the Bay of this Town; the first, June 3, 1663. the second, May 28. 1672. Both under the Conduct of King James II. as Lord Admiral of England, under his Brother Charles II. of Blessed and Pious Memory. It is a strong and pleasant Town in the Hundred of Blithing, upon a Cliff; with the Sea to the East, the River Blithe (over which there is a Draw-Bridge) to the West, and a Bay of its own name to the South, called Swold's Bay; made by the shooting forth chiefly of Easton Ness, the most Eastern Point of England. The Cliff hath several Pieces of Ordinance, planted upon it.

Sowe, the River upon which Stafford is situated.

Sowtham, a Market Town in Warwickshire, in the Hundred of Knightlow.

Spa, a small Town in the Bishoprick of Liege, in the Low Countries; famed for its Medicinal Mineral Waters.

Spahan. See Hispaam.

Spain, Hispania, is one of the most considerable Kingdoms in Europe, called heretofore Hesperia and Iberia. It is separated from France towards the North-East by the Pyrenean Hills; on all other sides surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea, the Streights of Gibraltar, and the Atlantick Ocean: so that it lies in the form of a vast Peninsula, joined to France by a Neck of eighty Spanish Leagues over. Called by the Natives La Espanna, by the French L'Espagne, by the Italians La Spagna, by the English Spain, by the Poles Hispanska, by the Germans Spanien, and by the Dutch Spangien. Its greatest length from East to West is one hundred and ninety German Miles; or five hundred Italian. Its circuit two thousand four hundred and eighty Italian Miles; taking in the Creeks and Windings of the Seas and Mountains, it is two thousand eight hundred and sixteen Miles; the least of which Computations, is four hundred and sixty Miles greater than France was forty years agone. The ancient Geographers with one consent affirm, That it abounded with whatsoever the Ambition or Needs of Men required; full of Men and Horses; all over replenished with Mines of Gold, Silver, Brass, Iron, and Lead, (white and black;) had Corn, Wine, and Oyl in abundance: in short, so extremely fruitful, that if any place for want of Water was less useful, yet even there Hemp and Flax thrived very well. It was in those days the West-Indies of the World, and like them the Store-House of the ancient Treasures. The Ancients divided it into three great parts; called by them Tarraconensis, Baetica, and Lusitania. First, Hispania Tarraconensis was the greatest of the three, and the most Eastern. On the East bounded by the Pyrenean Hills; on the North by the Bay of Biscay; on the West by the Atlantick Ocean, and Lusitania; on the South by the Mediterranean Sea, and Baetica. Secondly, Hispania Baetica was the most Southern part; bounded on the East and South by the former in part, and by the Ocean; on the West and North by the same Ocean and Lusitania. Thirdly, Hispania Lusitanica was the most Western part; extended upon the Ocean between Hispania Tarraconensis, and Hispania Baetica. The very ancient History of

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this Country is either fabulous or lost. The Phoenicians may justly be supposed to have been the first Civilizers of it, and the Founders of the most ancient Cities, as Diodorus Siculus and Strabo affirm. After these (who settled mostly in Baetica) the Grecians followed; who from Marseille sent many Colonies into Hispania Tarraconensis. The Carthaginians were the next; who about forty years after they were by the Romans dispossessed of Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica, (in the end of the first Punick War about the year of Rome 512;) by the Isle of Gades (which was theirs before) entered Spain; and in less than twenty years (under Amilcar, Asdrubal and Hannibal, the Son of Amilcar) destroyed Saguntum; built New Carthage; conquered all the Nations of this Country, as far the Pyrenean Hills, and the Mediterranean Sea; and might easily have subdued the rest; but that Hannibal chose rather to revenge the Injuries of his Country, and ruin Rome by an Invasion of Italy. The Jealousie of the Carthaginians ruined his Designs in Italy; and the Roman Fortunes prevailed in Spain too, under Cornelius Scipio, about the year of Rome 545. The People having been broken by the Carthaginians, submitted the more willingly and easily to the Romans; and continued under them till about the year of Christ 400, when Gundericus (King of the Vandals) first conquered them. The Goths followed these; and in 418, set up a Kingdom; which in time extirpated the Vandals, or drove them over the Sea into Africa. This Kingdom continued under thirty one Princes, till 724; when the Moors came in, and after a Fight of seven Days continuance prevailed against the Goths, and forced Spain. They brought over fifty thousand Families of Moors and Jews; and so fixed themselves here, that though they were in a short time cantoned into a small Kingdom; and the Spaniards with the remainders of the Goths (who had secured themselves in the Mountains and other places of difficult access) by the help of the French, made a gainful and prevailing War upon them; yet they could not be intirely subdued before 1492▪ In after times it is hard to say, whether the good Fortunes or ill Government of the Spaniards have contributed most to the ruin of this once most potent Kingdom. For first Ferdinando and Isabella in 1492, expelled out of Spain one hundred and seventy thousand Families of the Jews. Philip II. in 1610. expelled nine hundred thousand Moors. And America being found in the mean time, the numbers of Spaniards that passed thither is unknown. Philip I. succeeded in 1504: The first Prince of the House of Austria, who reigned in Spain. Charles V. his Son in 1516. Philip II. in 1556. Philip III. in 1598. Philip IV. in 1621. Charles II. the present King began his Reign in September 1665, being then an Infant. This Kingdom is now divided into fifteen Kingdoms or Provinces, viz. 1. Navarre. 2. Biscay. 3. Guipuscòa. 4. Leon and Oviedo. 5. Gallicia. 6. Corduba. 7. Granada. 8. Murcia. 9. Toledo. 10. Castile. 11. Portugal. 12. Valentia. 13. Catalonia. 14. The Kingdom of Majorca. 15. And the Kingd. of Arragon. Which are at this day all reduced under three Crowns or Governments, Castile, Portugal, and Arragon. The Religion professed is strict Roman Catholick; especially since the introducing the Inquisition by Pedro Gonsales de Mendoza, Archbishop of Toledo, in 1478. The Christian Faith was taught this Nation very early by S. James, or more probably by S. Paul. Arianisin entered with the Goths, and continued till 588. They never heard of the Roman Rites till after 1083: when a Frenchman being made Archbishop of Toledo, endeavoured the Introduction of that Service; and was at first opposed in it by all the other Prelates and People. It had been well for Spain, if it had never been received: seeing it has cost that Nation so many of its People; no less than three thousand Families having been destroyed by the Inquisition in one Diocese in three years: not to mention the loss of the United Netherlands, and the ruin of Flanders. The Cities of Spain are too numerous to be here inserted.

New Spain, Hispania Nova, is a considerable Country in North America; called by the Spaniards la Nueva Espanna, and sometimes el Mexico, from its Capital City. It contains all that space of Land between the North and the South Sea, that lies between the Terra Firma (or Streight of Panama) to the East, and Florida to the West; which by the Indians was called Anahuac; that is, The Land by the Water. It extends from fifteen deg. of Latitude to twenty six exclusively; in breadth six hundred Italian Miles, in length twelve hundred. The Air is very temperate (tho situate wholly in the Torrid Zone) by reason of the frequent Showers which fall in June, July, and August; (their hottest Months in the year) and also by reason of the Sea Breezes. It is abundantly inriched with inexhaustible Mines of Gold, Silver, Brass and Iron: has great plenty of Coco-Nuts, Cochineel, Wheat, Barley, Oranges, Limons, Figs, Cherries, Apples, and Pears, Cattle and Fowl: but it has few Grapes, and no Wine. Their Seed time is in April or May; their Harvest in October: in the Low Countries they sow in October, and reap in May. This Kingdom had Kings of its own, from 1332, to 1520: about two years before which, Francis Cortez, a Spaniard, entered it with eleven Ships, and five hundred and fifty Men; by help of which he sacked the Town of Pontonchon, defeated by his Cannon and Horse forty thousand naked Indians, (who came to revenge this Injury;) and in 1531, took the City of Mexico, Aug. 13. and put an end to the Indian Empire. The Provinces of this vast Kingdom, are 1. Panuco. 2. Mechuacan. 3. Mexicana. 4 Tlascala. 5. Guaxaca. And the 6. Jucatan. Governed by a Viceroy under the King of Spain; who from this Accession to his European Dominions uses the Royal Stile of Hispaniarum Rex.

Spalatro, Salo, Salona nova, Spalatum, Palatium Dioclesiani, a City of Dalmatia; called by the Italians, Spalato; by the Sclavonians, Spla. It is very strong, rich, and populous; and an Archbishops See, seated upon the Adriatick; (upon which it has a large and safe Haven) thirty five Miles from Sebenico. Long. 40. 54. Lat. 44. 00. This City grew up out of the Ruins of Salona; which stood four Miles more to the North. And in 1420, destroyed an Army of the Turks, which was sent against it. The Learned Mr. Wheeler in his Travels, pag. 15. has given a large account of the Site of this City; and a little lower, pag. 19. of the City of Salona, the Mother of Spalato. The Emperour Dioclesian was a Native of Salona: who building himself a Palace in this place, (whence the name Spalatro might be occasioned by an easie corruption,) the other, (Salona) grew by time neglected. It is commanded by a Fortress, upon an Hill, without the Gate; in which the Venetians keep the lesser Garrison, because they make sure of the Fortress of Clissa, by which the passage lies out of Turky to Spalatro. The Walls of Dioclesian's Palace you have yet standing; and the little Temple, which he built in the middle of it, has become the Cathedral Church. It is situated in a fruitful Country.

Spalding, a Market Town in the division of Holland, in Lincolnshire; and the Hundred of Ellow; upon the Weland. Well built and traded; though not far from the Washes.

Spandow, Spandava, a City in the Marquisate of Brandenburgh, upon the River Havel (where it entertains

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the Sprehe:) two Miles beneath Berlin to the West, and about six from Brandenburgh to the East; well fortified; yet taken by Gustavus Adolphus, in 1631.

Sparta. See Misitra.

Spenderobi, Spenderobis, Spenderovia, a City of Servia; called by the Turks, Semender; by the Hungarians, Sendrew, or Zendrew, and Zendrin; by the Italians, Sandria. It is a Bishops See; thought to be Ptolemy's Singidunum: and stands about six German Miles from Belgrade to the East upon the Danube, fourteen from Temesware to the South. The Turkish Governour of Servia resides for the most part in this City. Taken in this War by the Imperialists amidst their other Conquests in Hungary: and retaken by the Turks by storm, Sept. 1690.

Spil•by, a Market Town in Lincolnsh. in the Hundred of Bulling brook.

Spinola, a Seignory in the Neighbourhood of Montferrat, the Milany, and the States of Genoua, in Italy: Honoured with the Title of a Marquisate.

Spire, Spira, Nemetes, Noviomagus, Nemetus, a City of Germany; called by the Germans, Speyr; by the French, Spire; by the Italians, Spira. It is a Free and Imperial City, in the Upper Circle of the Rhine: in the Diocese of Spire, but not subject to the Bishop. This great, rich, populous City is Free; but under the Protection of the Elector Palatine, and the Bishop under the Archbishop of Mentz. It stands in the middle between Strasburgh to the South, and Mentz to the North; fifty German Miles from either, and fifteen from Heidelberg to the North-West. The Imperial Chamber (which was first instituted at Franckfort in 1495, by Maximilian I.) In 1530, was by Charles V. removed to Spire; and has been ever since in this City. Of old called Nemetum; and in 1082. being so far by its (then) Bishop enlarged, as to inclose the Village of Spire neighbouring upon it, took the Name of Spire. The Cathedral was built in 1011, by Conrade the Emperour; in which are the Tombs of eight of the German Emperours; to wit, Conrade II. (who gave the Town of Brunchsol, and all the Territory of Brutingow to this Bishoprick about the year 1030;) Henry III. his Son (who finished the Cathedral, begun by his Father;) Henry IV. Henry V. Philip, Rodolph I. Adolp of Nassaw▪ and Albert I. The Emperours which granted Privileges to this City were, Charles IV▪ Rodolphus I. Albert, Lewis, Wenceslaus, Frederick III. and Maximilian II. Near it Philip the Suabian, beat O•ho▪ the Saxon, in 1202. In a Diet here held in 1526, the Peace of Religion was first established; which when it was endeavoured to be Repealed in a second Diet here held in 1529, several of the German Princes Protested against the Repeal, and were thence called Protestants. Jesses the first Bishop was present in the Council of Cologne, in 346. This City was taken by Gustavus Adolphus; who demolished all its Outworks, because he was not willing to spare so many Men out of his Army, as were necessary for a Garrison to it: by which the Germans the more easily recovered it in 1635. It received a French Garrison in Sept. 1688, who have demolished it since. The Imperial Chamber consists of fifteen Counsellors, (eight Roman Catholicks, and seven Protestants;) two Presidents, (a Roman Catholick, and a Protestant;) and the Bishop as the Principal Judge. In 1675. the Elector of Treves succeeded to the Bishoprick.

Spiritu Sancto, Spiritus Sanctus; a small City; which is the Capital of a Prefecture in Brasil, under the Portuguese. Sixty Spanish Leagues from the River Januario to the North, and fifty from Porto Seguro to the South. §. There is a River in the Kingdom of Monomotapa, in Africa, which discharges itself into the Aethiopick Ocean at Cabo de S. Nicolo, of this name: called by the Portuguese, Rio de lo Spiritu Santo.

Spirlinga, a small Town in Sicily; which was the only place in that Island, innocent of that bloody and infamous Conspiracy, called the Sicilian Vespers.

Spirnazza, Panyasus, a River of Macedonia; which falls into the Adriatick Sea, between Durazzo, and the River Aspro, (which last falls into the same Sea,) twenty five Miles from Durazzo to the North▪ Some call it Aspro Spirnazza: others Spirnazza, Arzenza.

Spitsberg, an University in Brandenburgh, founded in 1544.

Spitsberg, Spitzberga, Regio Arctica, or the Sharp Mountains, as the Name signifies; is a large Country, and a part of the Artick Continent: between Nova Zembla to the East, and Greenland to the West; which are yet not near it by three hundred Miles. It was called thus by the Dutch, upon their discovering it in 1596. the English call it New-Land: others Spigelberg. It extends to deg. 80. of North Latitude. Whether it be an Island, or joyned to any Continent, is unknown to the Europeans: extreme cold, without one Village in it; only some parts are frequented by the Dutch, who Fish for Whales; and find some two hundred foot long. Here are a great number of Bears, (black and white) Foxes, and Sea-Geese.

Split, the same with Spalatro.

Splugen, Splugue, Speluca, the highest Mountain amongst the Grisons; a part of the Rhetian Alpes; upon which there was once a strong Castle, near the Lower Branch of the Rhine, about eight Miles from Cl•ven to the North.

Spoleti, Spoletum, Spoletium, is a City in the States of the Church in Italy: called Spoleto, and Spolete: the Capital of a Dukedom of the same Name. It stands in the Province of Ʋmbria, or Ombria; partly on an Hill, partly in a Valley upon the River Tessino; thirteen Miles from Fuligno to the North-East, forty five from Rome to the North, and sixty two from Ancona to the South. It is a Bishops See, immediatly under the Pope; and a City of great Antiquity: having defended it self very well against Hannibal in the second Punick War. In 1234▪ here was a Council held under Pope Gregory IX. for the Recovery of the Holy Land. The same year, the Bishop's See was translated hither from Spollo. In seven hundred and forty, it was besieged by Luitprandus, King of the Lombards; and reduced to great Extremities. In 1155, Frederick Barberossa, took, plundered, and burnt it, for violating his Ambassadors and corrupting his Coin. In 1583, here was a Synod held by its Bishop. It shows some stately Ruines of an Amphitheatre, a Temple and a Palace of the Kings of the Goths, who made it their Residence.

Il Ducato di Spoleto, Spoletanus Ducatus, is a very large Province of Italy; called of old Ʋmbria, of latter times Ombria: And a Dukedom, from the time that Longinus (the Greek Exarch of Ravenna, after the recalling Narses) instituted Dukes for the Government of this Province. The Lombards made a Conquest of it, under Alboinus, (one of their Kings) in 571. But they left it under Dukes still; one of which in 740, joyning with Pope Gregary, and rebelling against his Master Luitprandus, drew a War upon the Province. In 876. Charles the Bald (one of the Caroline Princes) made Guido, a Descendent of Charles the Great, Duke of Spoleto; whose Posterity in thirteen Descents enjoyed it to 1198. How, or when, this Province fell under the Pope I know

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not; but it bore the Title of a Dukedom under them, till 1440: when it reassumed its ancient Name of Ombria. See Leander Albertus.

Sponheim, Sponheimensis Comitatus, a County in the Palatinate of the Rhine; between the Moselle and the Naw (which last falls into the Rhine) four German Miles beneath Mentz. The fourth part of it is under the Marquess of Baden; the rest has been under the Electors Palatine, ever since 1416: when it came to that Family by the Marriage of Isabella (Heiress of it) with Robert Elector Palatine. The principal places in it are Creutznach, Simmeren, and Birkenfeld.

Sporades, the scattered Islands towards Candia, in the Archipelago: so called in opposition to the Cyclades, which lye together in the form of a Circle. The Romans, Saracens, and the Corsairs, with the present Masters the Turks of them, by their several devastations have reduced these once flourishing retreats into a poor condition. There are always some Greeks upon them.

Sprche, Sprewe, Spra, la Sprehe, Spreha, a River in Germany, which ariseth in the Borders of Bohemia; and flowing through Lusatia, watereth Bautzen, Cot••itz, and Luben; then entering Brandenburgh, falls by Berlin into the Havel at Spandow; which last ends in the Elbe at Havelburg.

Sprotaw, Spro•avia, a City of Silesia, in the Dukedom of Glogaw; upon a River of the same Name, which falls into the Bober. Four Miles from Glogaw to the West.

Spurnhead, Ocelli, a Cape or Promontory in Yorkshire, at the Mouth of the Humber.

Squillaci, Scyllcti•m, Scillaceum, a small City of great Antiquity; called by Ptolemy, Scilacium; Pliny, Scylaceum: and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Reggio; in the Fu•ther Calabria, in the Kingdom of Naples; to which there belongs a Bay, upon the Ionian Sea, called Golfo di Squillaei. This City stands sixty five Miles from Regio to the North-East, fifty five from Rossano to the South: and has not above three hundred Houses in it. Long. 40. 12. Lat. 37. 48. It was an Athenian Colony; and one of the most considerable Cities belonging to the Brutii in Magna Graecia.

Staden, Statio, Stada, a City in the Lower Saxony, in the Dukedom of Bremen, near the Elbe; anciently a Free Imperial City, and a Hanse Town; but now subject to the Duke of Breme. It stands upon a small River, called S•••vinge; (which a little lower falls into the Elbe) seven German Miles from Hamburgh to the West, and twelve from Bremen to the North. A very strong Town. Taken in 1676, by the Duke of Brunswick. In 1680, it was restored by the Treaty concluded at Zell to the Swedes; under whom it was before put by the Treaty of Munster.

Staffanger, Stavandria, Stafangria, Stavangria, a City of Norway; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Drontheim; and has a large safe Harbor upon the German Ocean. It stands in the Prefecture of Bergen; ninety Miles from Bergen to the South, and sixty from the Baltick Sea. Long. 27. 45. Lat. 61. 15.

Staffarda, a Town not far from Saluzzes in Piedmont; made remarkable by the Battel between the Duke of Savoy's Army, and the French, on the eighteenth of August 1690▪ in which the former retired with loss.

Staffordshire, Staffordia, Cornavi, a County in the middle of England. Bounded on the North by Cheshire and Darbyshire, (where a Stone shews the point in which these three Countries meet;) on the East by Darbyshire, cut off by the Dowe and Trent; on the South by Warwickshire and Worcestershire; and on the West by Shropshire. It represents a Lozenge in its form: its length being forty four Miles from North to South, and its breadth twenty seven; the whole Circumference one hundred and forty seven: containing one hundred and thirty Parishes, and eight Market Towns. For Springs, Brooks and Rivers, besides the Trent, it hath the Dove (which partly separates it from Derbyshire;) the Churner, the Blithe, the Line, the Tea•, the Sowe, the Penk, the Manifold, and several others; over which are reckoned in all twenty four Stone-bridges. Here is plenty of Lime, Marble, Timber, Stone for building, and game; with some Alabaster, and Salt-springs. The Air is good, and very healthful; cold, especially towards the North; in which part the Earth also is barren. The middle is more level, but full of Woods. The South is fruitful, producing Corn, and Grass in abundance, Coals, and Mines of Iron. And so great formerly was the number of Parks and Warrens in this County, that most Gentlemens Seats were attended by both. This County takes its name from Stafford, the principal Town in it; anciently called Betheny. Built by Edward the Elder. Incorporated by King John: on the East and South walled. Trenched by its own Barons, the other two sides being secured by a Lake of Water: the River Sowe runs on the East and West of the Town, and is covered with a Bridge. It hath two Parish Churches, a Free-school, and many good Buildings. Edward VI. confirmed and enlarged their Charter. Its Long is 18. 40. Lat. 53. 20. In the year 1357, one Ralph was created the first Earl of Stafford; whose Posterity in twelve Descents enjoyed that Honor to the year 1639: when it was finally extinguished in the Person of Henry Stafford. In 1640, Charles I. revived this Honour by conferring it upon Sir William Howard, Knight of the Bath, second Son of Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey; who was then married to one of the Daughters of the last Earl of Stafford. He was Beheaded Dec. 7. 1680. in the Reign of K. Charles II. But the Title revived under K. James II. in Henry his Son, the present Earl of Stafford. See the Natural History of this County, written by Dr. Robert Plo•t, with the same extraordinary Art and Elaborateness which is peculiar to him.

Stagira▪ an ancient (Town, famous for being the Native place of the Philosopher Aristotle, thence entituled Stagirita) in the Kingdom of Macedonia; called afterwards Liba Nova by some, and yet said to be extant.

Stagno, Stagnum; a small City in Dalmatia; and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Raguza; from which it stands thirty Miles to the North, upon the Adriatick: which affords it the Convenience of an Harbour. This Town belongs to the Republick of Ragusa.

Stainmore-Hill, an exceeding Stony Hill, (as the Northern use of the word Stain signifies) in the County of Westmorland: Remarkable for a Stone-Cross, said anciently to have been erected for a Boundary betwixt the Kingdoms of England and Scotland; upon a Peace concluded betwixt William the Conqueror, and Malcholm King of Scotland. The Arms of England were displayed upon the South-side of it, and those of Scotland on the North.

Stalemura, Anemurium, a City in Cilicia, upon the Mediterranean Sea; called by others Anem•ra: a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Seleucia: between Antioch to the West, and Celendris (now Palapoly) to the East: about forty four Miles from Cape Cormachiti, in the North of the Isle of Cyprus to the North. Mela placeth it in the Borders of Pamphylia and Cilicia. Long. 65. 10. Lat. 36. 50.

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Stalimene, Lemnos, a considerable Island in the Archipelago; called by the Inhabitants, Stilemnos. It is one hundred and sixty Miles in compass. At first under the Venetians; but since conquered by Mahomet II. Fifty Miles from Agionoros, or the Coast of Macedonia to the East. It hath a considerable City of its own name: produces good Wine, and is well Cultivated. Famous for a Red Earth, called from it Terra Lemnia, and Sigillata; by which the Ottoman Port reaps a considerable revenue.

Stamboli, the Turkish Name of Constantinople.

Stametz, Stametia, a small City in Gothland, a Province of Sweden; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Ʋpsal; but now become a poor Village.

Stampalia, a considerable Island in the Archipelago, towards the Sea of Scarpanto: called anciently Astypalaea, and placed by Strabo in the number of the Sporades. It hath a City of its own name now, as before; when a Temple of great fame throughout Greece adorned it, which was consecrated to the honour of Apollo. The principal Church is dedicated to S. George; and served with the Greek rites, under the spiritual jurisdiction of the Bishop of Siphanto, who some part of the year resides at it. To the City belongs a Castle for its security, planted upon a Mountain: upon the Frontispiece of which the Arms of Venice, France, and Thuscany appear displayed. This City is the sole settlement in the Island; being, tho of a fruitful Soil, much in want of fresh Water.

Stanes, a large, well inhabited, and frequented Market Town in Hartfordshire, in the Hundred of Branghing, with a Bridge over a River, leading into Surrey.

Stanford, Stamford, Durobrivae, a Town of Lincolnshire, in Kesteven division, of good Antiquity: upon the River VVelland, on the Borders of Northampton, and Rutland (with a part in each: but the chiefest in Lincolnshire) which is great and well peopled; having about seven Parish Churches, and several Bridges over the River; being expanded on both its sides. The Roman High Dike, or Way, leadeth to the North from this Town. The Houses are built of Free-stone; the Streets fair and large, and begirt with a Wall. It hath the honour to be a Corporation, represented in the lower House of Parliament by two Burgesses. And in its Neighbourhood, stands a stately Seat and Park of the Earl of Exeter, called Burleigh House. In the Reign of Edward III. part of the Students of Oxford, (upon a quarrel between the Southern and Northern Men) settled for some time in this Town; who erected a College here (its Ruins are yet remaining,) and would not return to Oxford till compelled by a Proclamation: whence arose that Statute of the University, enjoyning every one by Oath at the taking of Batchelors Degree, not to profess Philosophy at Stamford. In 1628, Henry Lord Grey of Grooby, was created Earl of Stamford; and succeeded by Thomas his Grandchild in 1673.

Stanhope, Stainthorp, or Staindrop, a Market Town in the Bishoprick of Durham, in Darlington Wapentake: upon a rivulet, running into the Tees.

Market-Stanton, a Market Town in Lincolnshire in the Hundred of Gartree.

Stargard, Ʋrbs Vetus, a City of Holstein. Long. 33. 10. Lat. 55. 06.

Stargart, Stargardia, a City of Germany, in the Further Pomerania (the Capital of which it is) upon the River Ihna; under the Elector of Brandenburgh; five German Miles from Stetin to the East. It is a Hanse Town, but not well peopled. Long. 37. 40. Lat. 53. 23.

Staten-Eylandt, a small Rocky Island, discovered by the Dutch in 1594. to the East of Weigat's Streights, near that Coast of Moscovy, called by them New Holland. Not above one League long, and two in Circuit. Some pieces of fine clear Chrystal were found about the Rocks. The Dutch gave it this Name to signifie an Island of their States.

Stavelo. Stable, Stabulum, a Monastery in the Diocese of Ʋtrecht; between the Archbishoprick of Triers, and the Low-Countries; three German Miles from Limburgh to the South. There belongs to the Abbat a Territory; which lies between the Bishoprick of Leige, and the Dukedom of Limburgh and Luxemburgh.

Stavern, Stavera, a small City of Friseland, under the United Provinces in Westergow, upon the Zuyder Zee; four German Miles from Enchusen to the North, and six from Vollenhove to the South-West. It is a Sea-Port Town, included in the Hanse League: of old the Seat of the Kings of Friseland.

Steenberg, Stenoberga, a City in the Dukedom of Brabant, under the Dutch; and belonging particularly to the Prince of Orange.

Steenwick, Stenovicum, a Town in Over-Yssel, in the Ʋnited Netherlands; upon the River Aa, in the Borders of West Friseland: seventeen Miles from Zwol to the North, and seven from the Zuyder Zee to the East. Taken by Alexander Farnese Duke of Parma by Scalade; and by the French in 1672; but deserted soon after.

Stegeborg, Stegeburgum, a small City in the Province of Ostrogothia; with a Port or Harbour on the Baltick Sea, under the King of Sweden: sixteen Miles from Norcoping to the East.

Stella, a Mountain in Galatia, in the Lesser Asia; near the City of Ancyra; called by the Turks, Almadag. This is very remarkable for the Defeat of two great Princes in their times; Mithridates, who was here overthrown by Pompey the Great, sixty three years before the Birth of our Saviour: and Bajazet I. (Emperor of the Turks) here beaten and taken with his Son Musa, by Tamerlane the Great, in 1397. Which Victory, if it had been followed by a vigorous Attack from all the Christian Princes united, might (by the Blessing of God) have put an end to the Ottoman Family then.

Stenay, Stenaeum, Stenacum, a strong City in the Dukedom of Lorain; sometimes called Stathenay. It lies in the Dukedom of Bar upon the Maes: seven Leagues from Verdun to the North, and six from Sedan to the South. Taken by the French in 1654, and kept by them ever since; now annexed to Champagne.

Sterling, Sterling, a Town and County in Scotland, sometimes called Striveling: on the North it has Mentith and Fife, on the South the Cluyd, on the East Lothian, and on the West Lenox. It takes its Name from Sterling, a Town upon Dunbritoun Fryth. This Town was so strong, that the Victorious English durst not attempt it after their Victory at Dunbar. But it was taken afterwards by General Monk in 1654.

Stetin, Stetinum, the Capital City of the Dukedom of Pomerania, in Germany; called by the Germans, Szcecin. It stands upon the Oder, over which it has a Bridge; and is divided by it into two equal parts: eight Miles from the Baltick Sea to the South, four from the Confines of Brandenburgh, and forty four from Dantzick to the South-West. This City grew up after the Ruin of Vineta (in the Isle of Ʋsedom, ten Miles more to the North-West) from a small Village, to that greatness it now enjoys, by becoming the Seat of the Dukes of Pomerania; who lived here

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many Ages in a Castle of an elegant and noble Structure. Otho (the Father of Barnimius I. Founder of the Line of Stetin) removed hither in 1345. This Family continued the Possession of it till 1630; when Gustavus Adolphus coming before it with an Army, obtained an admission partly by force, and partly by the terror of his Arms: Bogislaus, the last of that Line, dying soon after. The Right of the Succession undoubtedly belonged to the Duke of Brandenburgh: but the Swedes being in Possession, got their Right confirmed by the Treaty of Munster, and kept this City till the year 1677. When the Duke of Brandenburgh, coming before it with a powerful Army, after a tedious Siege took it. In 1679, by the Treaty of S. Germaine, it was restored to the Swedes; who are still in Possession of this very strong place. See Pomerania. It had been before attempted by the Imperial and Brandenburgh Forces united, in 1659: and baffled the designs of those great Princes. Olearius. Long. 38. 45. Lat. 53. 27.

Stevenedge, a Market Town in Hartfordshire in the Hundred of Broadwater.

Steyning or Stening, a Market Town and Borough in the County of Sussex, in Bramber Rape: Having the privilege of the Election of two Parliament Men.

Steyr, Asturis, a City of Austria, four Miles from Lintz to the South.

Stift, Ditio, a word in the German Tongue; which signifies a Dominion, Country, or Territory; and frequently joyned with the Names of places: as Stift von Luick, the Dominion of Liege.

Stiria, a Province of Germany; stiled by the Inhabitants, die Steyer or Steyer-marck; which was a part of the Old Noricum, (or Ʋpper Pannonia) towards the Muer, and the Drave. It is bounded on the East by Hungary; on the North by Austria; on the West by the Diocese of Saltzburgh, and Carinthia; and on the South by Carniola. The Capital of it is Gratz; the other Cities, Cilley, Kermend, Marcpurg, Petaw, Pruckam Muer, and Rakelspurg. Canisa belongs also to this Province; and reckoned to the Lower Hungary. The Quadi were the old Inhabitants of this Country; who being driven out by the Romans, the Country was called Valeria in Honor of a Daughter of Dioclesian, so called. It was at first a Marquisate: and by Frederick Barbarossa, the Emperor, changed into a Dukedom. In length one hundred and ten Miles, in breadth sixty: for the most part barren, being covered with the Spurs and Branches of the Alpes; and rich in nothing but Minerals. Ottacar (the last Duke of this Province) sold it to Leopold the Fifth, Archduke of Austria; who bought it with a part of that vast Ransom he extorted from Richard I. King of England, about the year 1193. Tho it has been since granted to some younger Brothers of that Family, yet it is now returned to the Emperor; and not likely to be any more dismembred from the rest of the Hereditary Countries. As to the Fertility of it, Hoffman differs from Dr. Heylin; who saith, in Iron Mines it excels all the European Countries, and wants nothing that is useful; it abounding with Wine, Corn, Cattle, and Salt.

Stirone, Sisterio, a small River of Lombardy, in the Dukedom of Parma; which watering Burgo di S. Domino, falls into the Taro; four Miles above its fall into the Po.

Stives, Thebae, a City once of great Renown, but now a poor Village in Greece; fifty Miles from Athens to the North; Sophianus calls it Thiva. The Turks abandoned it after the taking of Athens, to collect their Strength into one Body at Negropont. Whereupon General Morosini in 1687, possessed himself of it. But finding it of little use to keep, he razed the Fortifications, which were in great part ruined before; and abandoned it also. See Thebae.

Stocksbridge, a Market Town and Borough in the County of Southampton, and the Hundred of Kingombom, upon the River Test. Represented by two Burgesses in the House of Commons.

Stockholm, Holmia, is a very great City, and the Capital of the Kingdom of Sweden; standing in the Province of Ʋpland, in the Borders of Sudermania: Heretofore a place of small consideration; but having for the two last Ages enjoyed the Residence of the Kings of Sweden, and they having also much enlarged that Kingdom by their Conquests in Poland, Germany, and Moscovy, it is now become a celebrated Mart, rich, and populous. It has a Royal Castle, a large and safe Port, upon the disembogure of the Lake Meler; secured by Forts, and from the weather so protected by Rocks, that the greatest Vessels may ride in the midst of it without anchor or cable. It has a convenient Situation, (but being placed amongst many Rocks just by it, the prospect of it is not very taking) upon six small Islands, joyned by Bridges of Wood to each other: the best Peopled, is called Stockholm, which denominates the City; also two large Suburbs, one on the North, and the other on the South. Tho it is a place of no strength, yet Christian, King of Denmark, could not take it, when he besieged it in 1518. It stands eight Swedish Leagues from Ʋpsal to the South, five from the Baltick Sea to the West, and eighty from Dantzick and Copenhagen. Long. 43. 00. Lat. 60. 30. Gustavus Adolphus and Charles Gustavus, surnamed Augustus, Kings of Sweden, lye interred in a Church of this City: But the rest of the Kings lie at Ʋpsal and other places.

Stockport or Stopford, a Market Town in Cheshire, in the Hundred of Macclesfield, upon the River Mersey.

Stockton, a Market Town in the Bishoprick of Durham. The Capital of a Ward.

Stoecades, Ligustides, the Islands Hyeres in the Mediterranean Sea, upon the Coast of Provence: in which the Knights of Malta, after their loss of Rhodes, entertained thoughts of settling by the permission of the King of France. The Monks had got footing upon them in Cassian's time. There was a Cistercian Monastery standing in the time of P. Innocent III. The Ancients mention the principal of them by the names of Hispa, Prote, Pomponiana, Phenice, Sturium, &c. which now are called Teste de Can, Ribaudas, Ribaudon, Langoustier, &c. This last seem to express their other ancient Name of Ligustides, See Hieres.

Stoel-Weissemburg. See Alba Regalis.

Stokesley, a Market Town in the North-Riding of Yorkshire, in the Hundred of Langbark: well watered with fresh Streams,

Stolhoffen, Stolhoffa, a City or fortified Town in Schwaben in Germany; upon the Rhine, in the Marquisate of Baden; two German Miles from Hagenow to the East, and three from Strasburg South-East.

Stolpe, Stolpa, a Town seated upon a River of the same Name in the Further Pomerania; three German Miles from Lawenburg in Pomerania to the West, thirteen from Colberg to the East. It has an ancient Castle; subject to the Duke of Brandenburgh.

Stone, a Market Town in Staffordshire, in the Hundred of Pirehill, upon the Trent.

Stonehenge, Mons Ambrosii, a very venerable and ancient Monument in Whiltshire, six Miles from Salisbury: consisting of three Crowns, or Ranks of

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huge unwrought Stones, one within another: some of which are twenty eight Foot high, and seven broad; upon the tops there are others laid cross and framed into them. Upon a large plain, scarce affording any other Stones at all in the circumferences of some Miles. Mr. Cambden supposes the Art of the Ancients in making Stone of Sand and unctuous Cement, was employed in this. Work: Because these Stones seem too vast a load for Carriages.

Stormaren, Stormaria, a Province of Holstein; bounded on the North by Holstein properly so called; on the East by Waggaren and Lavemburg; and on the West and South by Bremen and Lunenburg; cut off by the Elbe. Partly subject to the King of Denmark, and partly to the Duke of Holstein, Gotthorp. The principal Places in it are Gluckstad, Crempen and Pinnenberg, which are under the King of Denmark. Under the Duke are Elmeshorn, Steinhorst, Barmsted and Reinhorst: Hamburg, though subject to neither of these Princes, is reckoned within the Bounds of this Province by John Bunon.

Stow on the Wold, a Market Town in Gloucestershire, in the Hundred of Slaughter. § Another in the County of Suffolk; the Capital of its Hundred, upon the River Orwell: large and beautifully built, with a spacious lofty Church; And driving a great Trade in Stuffs.

Straelsund, Sundis, a small, but very strong City in the Hither Pomerania, upon the Shoars of the Baltick Sea; which has an Harbor over against the Isle of Rugen: another towards Gripswald and Pomerania, and a third looking toward Dumgarten, and the Dukedom of Meckelburg; being built in a Triangle. It stands sive German Miles from Gripswald to the North, ten from Anclam, and about four from the Isle of Rugen; secured by Marshes, the Sea, and three well fortified Banks. Now one of the Hanse Towns, but formerly a Free Imperial City, and a frequented Mart. Built by the Danes, in 1211: and being besieged by Count Wallestein for the Emperor, (who had subdued all the rest of Pomerania) this small place in 1629, called Gustavus Adolphus into Germany; who rescued it out of the Hands of the Imperialists, and became the Master of it; which was confirmed by the Peace of Munster. In 1678, the Duke of Brandenburgh took and burnt this Town, not leaving out of above two thousand Houses, five hundred unruined by his Bombs and Fireworks. He took it upon a Capitulation: and the next year after, by the Treaty at S. Germains, it was resigned to the Swedes again.

Stramulipa, Boeotia, Attica, a part of Greece, the Capital of which is Thebes: it lies over against the Isle of Negropont.

Strasburg, Argentoratum, the Capital City of Alsatia in Germany, called by the Italians Argentina: It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Mentz. And for many Ages a Free and Imperial City; seated upon the River Ill, (where it falls into the Breuch) one Mile from the Rhine, over which it has a Timber-Bridge of vast length. Eight German Miles from Brisach to the North, twelve from Spire, fourteen from Basil, and twenty from Nancy and Metz. So very ancient, that it is said to be built in the year of the World 1955: thirty three years before the Birth of Abraham: which tho it may be true, yet cannot be proved. Tacitus and Caesar call it Tribocorum and Trib•cum: Ptolemy, Argentoratum: other Latin Writers Argentina, and Strasburgum. It is mentioned by Ammianus Marcellinus, as a Place which the Slaughter of the Barbarians (by Julian the Apostate) had made famous. The Victory here mentioned was in the year of Christ 357. In which, Julian overthrew six Barbarous Kings of the Germans; and took Chodonomar (the chief of them) Prisoner. In the year 378, Gratianus the Emperor gave the Germans another great Overthrow near this City. Attila King of the Hunns, took and wasted this City about the year 451. Childerick King of the Franks, possessed himself of it in the year 478. S. Amand became the first Bishop of this City in the year 643. Henry II. Emperor rebuilt this City in the year 1004. The Cathedral was built in the year 1207. In the year 1332, it suffered very much by intestine Divisions, between the Nobility and Populacy. In 1522, the Reformation was first Preached; and in 1529, it was embraced. Whereupon the year following, this City entred a League with the Reformed Cantons for her Defence. In 1538, here was an University opened by the Senate, at the perswasion of Jacobus Sturmius, a learned Man, who flourished that time in the City: which in 1566, was confirmed by Maximilian I. But in September 29. 1681, the present King of France, having before possessed himself of all the rest of Alsatia, suddenly surprized this important Place (in a time of Peace when no Body suspected it) and put an end to the Liberty of this great City. Long. 29. 26. Lat. 48. 25. Hoffman.

Stratford-stony, a Market Town in Buckinghamshire, in the Hundred of Newport; in Watling-street Road, a Military High-way of the Romans, crossing all the Country. This Town boasts to be the Luctodurum of the Romans; and the place at which K. Edward the Elder, whilst he fortified Towcester, obstructed the passage of the Danes. K. Edward I. for a memorial of his Queen Eleanor, whose Corps rested here in their journey from Lincolnshire to London, adorned it with a Beautiful Cross. §. Another in Warwickshire, in the Hundred of Barlickway, upon the River Avon: over which it hath a large and fair Stone Bridge, with two Parish Churches: And is well inhabited.

Strathern, Strathernia, a County in the South of Scotland; between Albany and Athole to the North, Perth to the East, and Menteith to the West and South. Aberneath is the Capital of it.

Strath-Navern, the most North-Western County in Scotland; bounded on the North and West by the Ocean, on the South by Southerland, and on the East by Caithness. It is all over run with Woods; filled with Mountains desolate and cold, and of small profit or regard.

Stratton, a Market Town in the County of Cornwall. The Capital of its Hundred.

Straubingen, Augusta Acilia, Serviodurum, Straubinga, a City of Bavaria in Germany; which has a Bridge upon the Danube; six German Miles beneath Ratisbone to the East, and eleven from Presburg to the West.

Strel, Sargetia, a River of Walachia, called Istrig by the Germans; in which Decebalus hid his Treasures, when he was attacked by Trajan: it falls into the Marell, a River of Transylvania.

Strenges, or Strengenes, Strengesia, a City of Sweden in the Province of Sudermania; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Ʋpsal; eight Swedish Miles on the Lake of Meler from Stockholm to the West, and three from Torsil to the East.

Church-Stretton, a Market Town in Shropshire, in the Hundred of Munslow.

Stridon, or Strigna, the same with Sdrin.

Strigonic, Gran.

Strivali, or Strophadi, Strophades, two small Islands in the Ionian Sea, South of Zante, and about thirty Miles from the Western Coast of the Morea. The largest, not above three or four Miles in Circuit.

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But extraordinary fertile in rasins and good fruits. Full of Springs. The Caloyers or Grecian Monks are the only People inhabiting it: whose Convent is built in the manner of a Fortress, with a Terrast of Canon for their security against the Corsaires of Barbary. But seldom either the Corsaires or the Turks come here for any thing but water.

Stromboli, Strongyle, one of the Lipari Islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea, on the North of Sicily: which casts forth flames of Sulphure in fome places continually; whilest others produce Fruits and Cotton in plenty. It is ten Miles in circuit, and made memorable amongst the Ancients by the Story of Aeolus.

Stromona, Strymon, a River of Thrace, which springs from a part of the Mountain Haemus; and separating Thrace from Macedonia, falls into the Archipelago, at the Gulph of Contessa. In the Summer Season the Cranes frequent it so notably, as to take the name of Strymoniae aves from it. In the Winter they fly hence to the warm Nile: as Lucan says,

Deseritur Strymon, tepido committere Nilo Bistonias consuetus aves.

Strongoli, Strongylum, a small City in the Kingdom of Naples in the Hither Calabria; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Santa Severina; and a Principality. Placed on a high Hill; three Miles from the Ionian Sea to the West, eight from its Metropolis to the South-East, and thirteen from Cortona to the North: some believe it was of old called Macallum.

Strongyle. See Stromboli.

Strophades. See Strivali.

Stroud, a Market Town in Gloucestershire, in the Hundred of Bisley, upon the Banks of a River of its own name, over which it hath a Bridge. This River hath the Virtue of giving the tincture of Scarlet. Many fulling Mills stand upon it for that use. The Town is well built, generally of Stone.

Struden, the Cataracts or precipitate Fall of the Danube in Austria, beneath Lintz; the Germans call it Seuvressel.

Strumita, Myra, a City of Lycia; placed by Strabo in the Inland Parts, near the River Lemyrus, about two Miles from the Shoar; formerly a Bishops See, now the Metropolis; having thirty six Suffragan Bishops under its Archbishop. Long. 59. 40. Lat. 38. 25.

Stugart, Stugardia, Stugartia, a City of Schwaben in Germany; the Capital of the Dukedom of Wurtemburg, and the Seat of the Dukes. It has a fine and a noble Castle: stands upon the River Necker; one German Mile from Esling to the West, and four from Tubingen to the North.

Stulingen, a Town and Landgravate in the Circle of Schwaben in Germany.

La Stura, Stura, two Rivers in Lombardy. The first in the Dukedom of Montisferat, which falls into the Po at Pontestura, four Miles beneath Casal. The second riseth in Savoy, and running South, falls into the Po three Miles beneath Turin from the West.

Sturbridge, a Market Town in Worcestershire, and the Hundred of Halfshire, upon the River Stower, over which it hath a Bridge: It is situated in a Flatt. There is a Free-school, and a Library here.

Sturminster-Newton, a Market Town in Dorsetshire, in the Hundred of Brownsell. It stands upon, and hath a fair Stone-bridge over, the River Stower: showing the rests of an ancient Castle hard by, in which the Kings of the West-Saxons kept their Residence.

Stymphalis, a Mountain, Town, and Lake of the Peloponnesus in Arcadia; called anciently by this name: Now, Monte Poglisi, Vulsi and Longanico.

Styx, a Fountain springing from the Lake of Pheneus, at the foot of the Mountain Nonacris, in the Peloponnesus in Areadia: which the fictions contracted by its contagious qualities, amongst the Poets, have made known to all.

Suabia, Schwaben.

Suachen, Ptolemais, a celebrated Port of the higher Aethiopia, upon the Red Sea; in the Hands of the Turks. Long. 66. 00 Lat. 16. 26. According to the latter Maps, Long. 68. 15. Lat. 19. 27. It is written Suaquem in these Maps.

Suani, an ancient People, remaining to this day about the Mountain Caucasus in Asia, to the East of Mengrelia. They are mentioned in Strabo. And now, the most civilized of all the Inhabitants of that Mountain. A hardy valiant People, good Soldiers, and pretending to the name of Christians.

Succadana, a City in the Island of Borneo in the East-Indies.

Sucheu, Sucheum, a City of China in the Province of Queycheu.

Sucheu, a City of China in the Province of Nankim.

Suching, a City of China in the Province of Quamsi: now under the King of Tunkim.

Suchuen, a large Province in the Kingdom of China; lying towards the South-West Borders of that Kingdom, upon India and the Kingdom of Thibet. Bounded on the North by Xensi, on the East by Huquam, on the South by Queycheu, and on the West by the Further East-Indies: the principal City of it is Chingtu. It contains eight great Cities, one hundred twenty four small Cities, and four hundred sixty four thousand one hundred twenty eight Families. The River Kiang divides it in two. It suffered very much in the last Wars with the Tartars.

Suchzow, Suczova, a City of Moldavia, (or as Baudrand saith in Walachia) upon the River Stretch; in the Borders of Transylvania; fifty Miles from Jassy to the West. Always kept by a strong Garrison of the Turks, in whose Hands it has been for some Ages.

Suda, Amphimalia, a Sea-Port Town at the North End of the Isle of Candy; which has a strong Castle, and a good Harbor.

Sudbury, Colonia; That is, The South Town: supposed to have had this name in opposition to Norwich (or the North Town) and to have been in ancient time the Capital or County Town. It is feated upon the River Stour, in the Borders of Essex, in the County of Suffolk: with a fair Bridge over the Stour, leading into Essex; and three Parish Churches. A Mayor Town, rich, and populous, by reason of a considerable Clothing Trade here driven; especially in Sayes; about fifteen Miles from Ipswich to the West, and forty from London to the North: represented by two Burgesses in Parliament. The Honourable Henry Fitz-Roy late Duke of Grafton was Baron of Sudbury.

Sudermanland, Sudermannia, a County in the Kingdom of Sweden; called by the Natives Sodermanland. Bounded on the North by Westmannia and Ʋpsall; on the South by the Baltick Sea. It has the Honor to be a Dukedom of great Esteem, being born by the Royal Family of that Kingdom. The principal Places in it are Nicoping, Stregnes and Trosa.

Suelli, Suellis; a very small City in the Isle of Sardinia; and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Cagliari; from which it stands fifteen Miles: reduced almost to a Village.

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Sueonie, Suevonia, a considerable part of the Kingdom of Sweden; between Lapland to the North; the Baltick Sea, and Bay of Botnen to the East; Gothia to the South, and Norway to the West. It contains ten Counties. The Capital of it is the Royal City of Stockholm.

Sues, Suez, Arsinoe, Cleopatris, Posidium, is a City or Sea-Port Town of Egypt, in the bottom of the Red Sea: containing about two hundred Houses, and has a pretty Harbour; but so shallow, that a Ship cannot enter it, nor a Galley till half unloaded: but the Road is safe. It has a Baraque rail'd with Timber, Palissadoes, thirteen Culverins; and as many Cannons for its security. It has a Greek Church, an old ruin'd Castle and some indifferent Houses. When the Ships or Galleys come in, it is pretty Populous: at other times, almost desolate. Thevenot, Part I. pag. 176. Long. 63. 20. Lat. 29. 10. The Aethiopian Merchants with Spices, Pearl, Amber, Musk, precious Stones, and other rarities out of India rendesvouz here: Whence they transport them upon Camels to Cairo and Alexandria, and there sell them to the Venetians and other Christian Merchants. The Country, environing this City, is a sandy Desart; which forces the Inhabitants to seek their Provisions elsewhere, and their water at two Leagues distance. The Isthmus betwixt the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, separating Egypt from Arabia, receiveth the name of the Isthmus of Suez from this Port.

Suevi, the ancient Inhabitants of the present Circle of Schwaben in Germany: who in conjunction with the Vandals and the Alani, about the year 406, entred and pillaged divers Provinces of the Gauls: thence in 409 passing into Spain, settled into a Kingdom in Galicia and Portugal, under Hermericus their first King; who died about 440; and was succeeded by eight other Kings: till about the year 585. Leuvigildus, King of the VVisegoths, conquered and united their Estates of the Suevi to his own.

Suffolk, Suffolcia, is bounded on the E. by the German Sea; on the N. by the Waveney, and the little Ouse (which rise in the middle of its bounds: the first running East, and the second West, divide it from Norfolk:) on the West by Cambridgeshire; and on the South by Essex, severed from it by the Stoure. It lies in the form of a Crescent: The length from East to West about forty five Miles; the breadth thirty; the whole circumference of it is about one hundred and forty, containing five hundred and seventy five Parishes, and thirty Market Towns: the Air mild and healthful; the Soil rich, level, and fruitful; such as yields abundance of Corn of all sorts, Pease, Hemp, Pasturage, and Wood. The more inland part is commonly called High Suffolk, or the VVoodlands. This County reckons nigh fifty Parks in it. The Orwell, Ore, Blithe, Deben, and Breton, contribute their streams for the watering of it with the three former Rivers its Boundaries. The ancient Iceni, (a British tribe) and afterwards the East-Angles possessed it in the several times of the Romans, and the Saxon Heptarchy. The principal places in it are Ipswich, Bury, and Sudbury. The Marquesses or Earls of this County, were Robert de Ʋfford or Clifford in 1335. VVilliam his Son in 1369. Michael de la Pole (Lord Chancellor) Created Earl in 1379. VVilliam de la Pole (the IV. in this Line) was made Duke of Suffolk by Henry VI. Edmond the VIII. in this Line, was the last of that name; Beheaded by Henry VIII. about 1510. In 1513, Charles Brandon (Viscount Lisle) was Created Duke of Suffolk: who by Mary second Sister of Henry VIII. had Henry Brandon; who died a Child. In 1551, Henry Grey Marquess of Dorset, having married Francis Daughter of Charles Brandon, was made Duke of Suffolk: he was Beheaded in the Reign of Queen Mary, in 1553. This was the last Duke of Suffolk. In 1603. King James I. Created Thomas Lord Howard of VValden Earl of Suffolk; to whom James Lord Howard the III. of this Line succeeded in 1640.

Sugen, Sugenum, a City formerly part of the Province of Quamsi, and belonging to China; now under the King of Tunkin, who has fortified it very strongly.

Sulmona, or Solmona, Sulmo, a City of great Antiquity in the Province of Abruzzo; in the Kingdom of Naples; upon the River Sangro (Sarus.) Eight Miles from the Borders of Abruzzo to the East, almost seventy from Naples to the North, and near ninety from Rome to the East. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Theatino; and a principality belonging to the House of Borghese. The Birth-place of Ovid the Latin Poet: who tells us its distance from Rome, and praises it for its Streams, in

Sulmo mihi Patria est, gelidis Ʋberrimus undis; Millia qui novies distat ab Ʋrbe decem.

Sultzbach, Sultsbachium, a small Town in Nortgow, in the Ʋpper Palatinate of the Rhine; one Mile distance from Amberg to the South-East: which gives the Title of a Prince to some Branches of the Palatine Family.

Sumatra, a vast Island in the East-Indies to the South-West of the Promontory of Malaccia; from which it is separated only by a narrow streight; as also by another from the Isle of Java to the South. It extends from North-West to South-East, one hundred and eighty five German Miles; or nine hundred and ten English; and is two hundred and ten broad in the middle. There are several Kingdoms in this Island, which ordinarily go to war with one another. The principal of which are Achem, Camper, Jamby, Menanchabo, Pacem, Palimban, and Pedir: The principal City in the whole Island and Kingdom is Achem, towards the North; the King whereof possesses one half of the Island. The Coast upon the streights of the Sund is under the obedience of the King of Bantam. Some parts are covered with Wood and Mountains: amongst which latter, one in the middle of the Island casts forth flames by intervals. It is divided by the Equator into almost two equal parts; the Air is very hot and unhealthful; the Soil will produce little Grain but Rice and Millet. It yieldeth Ginger, Pepper, Camphir, Agarick and Cassia in great abundance, Wax and Hony, Silks and Cottons; rich Mines of Tin, Iron and Sulphur; and such quantity of Gold, that some conceive it to be Solomons Ophir; and some the Taprobane of the ancients. The Inhabitants are for the most part Pagans; except the Sea Coast, where Mahometanism has got some footing. It has a vast number of Rivers and Marshes; which with the Woods do much promote the unwholsomeness of the Air. The Hollanders enjoy four or five Fortresses in it, and are become more powerful than some of the Kings. The Portuguese traffick to it; but it is, when the others will permit them; for they have no establishments here.

Sie Sund, Sundae Fretum, Sundicum fretum, a streight between the Baltick Sea, and the German Ocean; call'd by the Dutch Ore Sunn; by the English the Sound. It stretcheth fifty Miles from North-West to South-East; about fifteen at its greatest breadth: but between Elsingburg and Cronenburg not above three over: which necessitates all Ships that pass to and fro to pay a Toll to the King of Denmark;

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he being able otherwise by the Cannon of his Castles to shut up the Passage. §. This name is attributed also to the Streights, betwixt the Islands of Java and Sumatra in the East-Indies. The Dutch call it, Straet Van Sunda: and Latin Writers, Sundae fretum.

The Island of the Sund or Souud, comprehend in the Portugueses's accounts who gave them this name, all those Islands in the Indian Ocean, which lye beyond the Promontory of Malaca: some near, some under the Equinoctial. Commonly divided into the Islands of the Sund to the East, and to the West. Of the former, Gilolo, Banda, Flores, Macasar, and the Moluccaes, are the Principal. Of the other, Borneo, Java, and Sumatra.

Sundenberg, or Sunderbourg, a Town and Duchy in the Isle of Alsen near Iutland.

Sunderland, Sunderlandia, a small Island at the Mouth of the River VVere, in the North-East part of the Bishoprick of Durham, in Esington Ward: once a part of the Continent; but rent off by the violence of the Sea; from whence it has the name of Sunderland. A place of no great note, only for its Sea-Coal Trade, till it was made the Title of an Earldom by Charles I. who in 1627, Created Emanuel Lord Scrope of Bolton, President of the North, Earl of Sunderland. He dying Childless, Henry Lord Spenser, of VVormleighton, (in 1643.) was Created Earl of Sunderland, and slain the eighth of June the same year in the first Battel of Newbery. To whom suc•eeded Robert his Son, sometime Principal Secretary of State, and President of the Council to King James II.

Sungkiang, a trading and populous City in the Province of Nanking in China. The Capital over two others.

Suntgaw, or Sundgow, Suntgovia, a Province of Germany, now under the King of France, by the Peace of Munster. Bounded on the North by Alsatia; on the East by the Rhine, and the Canton of Basil; (which last is sometimes included under this name;) on the South by the Dominions of the Bishop of Basil; and on the West by the Franche Comté. The Principal Places in it are Befort, Mulhausen, Ferrete, (whence it hath the name also of the County of Ferrete) and Huningue. The last has been lately fortified by the King of France.

Sura, an ancient Episcopal City of Syria, near the Euphrates. The See is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Hierapolis. §. Plutarch remembers us of a Town of this name in Lycia, in the Lesser Asia: famed for Oracles in ancient times delivered there. Betwixt Phellus and Strumita.

Surate, Surata, a very famous City of the Hither Indies, in the Kingdom of Guzarat, upon the Bay of Cambaya: under the Dominion of the great Mogul; which has a convenient Port or Haven, much frequented by the European and Armenian Merchants for Diamonds, Pearls, Ambergrease, Musk, Civet, Spices, and Indian Stuffs; procured from divers parts, and here laid up in Mazagines. It lies (saith Monsieur Thevenot) 21. deg. and some minutes from the Line: and was then designed to be Fortified with a Brick instead of its ancient Earthen Wall; which had not been able to preserve it from the depredations of a Raja. In the time of the Monson or Fair (kept in the Spring Quarter) it is exceeding full of People; not meanly furnished at others; nor are those Inhabitants less considerable on the account of their Wealth, than Number. The English and Dutch have their Factories here: it is the Staple of the English Trade in the East-Indies. It has a Castle at the South end of the Town, upon the River; which is square, flank'd at each corner by a large Tower, The Ditches on three sides are filled with Sea Water; on the West the River runs; and there are many Cannon mounted in it. The Governor commands over all the adjacent Provinces, and keeps the train and equipage of a Prince. For the rest you may consult Thevenot Part III. pag. 15.

Surina, a Province of South America, between the confluence of the River Cayana, and that of the Amazons.

Surrey, Suria, is separated on the North from Buckingham and Middlesex by the great River Thames; on the East it is bounded by Kent, on the South by Sussex and Hampshire, and on the West by Hampshire and Barkshire. In length thirty four Miles, in breadth about twenty two; in circumference one hundred and twelve; including one hundred and forty Parishes, with eight Market Towns. The Air is sweet and pleasant; the Soil, especially in the verges of the County fruitful; the middle Parts being somewhat hard to cultivate. Whence the People are used to say, their County is like a Course piece of Cloth with a fine List. Besides the Thames, here is the VVay, the Mole, and the Wandle, (whose head springs from Croydon,) all emptying themselves in the Thames. It has many Noble and Princely Houses; but few Towns or Places of any considerable greatness: the Principal Town in it being Kingston upon Thames. The Regni an old British Tribe were the first Inhabitants of this County. In the times of the Saxon Heptarchy, it was a part of the Kingdom of the South Saxons. The first Earl of it was VVill. de VVarren, Created by VVilliam the Conqueror in 1067. VVilliam (the third of this Line) succeeded in 1135. who was followed by VVilliam de Blois Son of King Stephen, first Husband of Isabel de VVarren in 1148. and by Hameline Plantagenet, base Son of George Earl of Anjou, half Brother to Edward III. second Husband of the said Isabel in 1163. His Posterity enjoyed it in four descents till 1347: when the Male Line failing, Richard Fitz Alan Lord Treasurer was Earl of Surrey. In 1398. Thomas Holland was Earl of Kent and Duke of Surrey; afterwards Beheaded. Thomas Fitz Alan (Son of the former Richard) died Earl of Surrey in 1414. In 1451, John Lord Mowbray was Created Earl of VVarren and Surrey, and after Duke of Norfolk. In 1475. Richard (a second Son of Edward IV.) was the thirteenth Earl of Surrey. In 1483. Thomas L. Howard L. Treasurer, after Duke of Norfolk was Created Earl of Surrey; in which Family it is at this day.

Surunga, a City and Kingdom in Japan in the Island of Niphon.

Sus, Susa or Susum, a Kingdom in Biledulgerida in Africa; so called from a River of the same Name. It is bounded on the North by the Kingdom of Morocco; on the East by Darha; on the South by Tesseta; and on the West by the Atlantick Ocean. Divided into seven Provinces; the principal Cities in it are Tarudant (the Regal City) Teseut, and Sancta Cruz. This is a pleasant, rich, fruitful Kingdom; yields Wine, Grain, Fruits, Pasturage, Indico, Alum, &c. has a great Quantity of Gold, which is a perpetual cause of War amongst them: and many Castles and Villages, well fortified by the Natives, since the Portuguese abandoned this Country in the last Century. Now subject to the Kingdom of Fez; tho it has been a distinct Kingdom; and the Inhabitants are for the most part Mahometans, and some of the best Soldiers in Africa.

Susa, one of the principal Cities in the Principality of Piedmont, upon the Doria, at the foot of the Cottian Alps, which separate Piedmons from Dauphine; and the Capital of a Marquisa•e of its own Name: belonging to the Duke of Savoy; but taken by

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the French Forces under Monsieur Cattinat, November 1690. Nineteen Miles from Pignerol. The French call it Suse. This City shews an Inscription upon a Triumphal Arch, from which Learned Men conclude, that the Emperor Augustus erected his Trophy hereabouts for the Conquest of the Alpine Nations, in the year of Rome 740; fourteen Years before our Saviour. For tho others place that Trophy about the Foot of le Col de Tende or the Maritime Alpes, near Nice and Monaco, from a part of the words Gentes Alpinae Devictae, seen there upon a Fragment of a stone: yet these two Opinions are reconcilable, by supposing that Augustus set up this Trophy at the foot of both the Maritime and Cottian Alpes for the greater glory. § Susa was also the Capital of the ancient Country Susiana in Asia; at the entrance of a spacious Plain, which the River Choaspes watered. The Kings of Persia used to pass the Spring at it. Darius repaired it, says Pliny. Alexander the Great took it. It is now in a flourishing state, if the same Souster. See Souster.

Susdal, Susdalia, a City of Muscovy; the Capital of a Province of the same Name, and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Rostow. It stands eighty Miles from Moscow to the South-East, and one hundred and thirty from Novogorod Nisi to the North-West.

Susiana, an ancient Country of Asia; betwixt Syria, Persia and Chaldaea: whereof Susa was the Capital City, and Melitene one considerable Province. It had the honour to be a Kingdom: which, after the death of Abradatus King of Susiana, submitted to the power of Cyrus.

Sussex, Sussexia, one of the Southern Counties of England: Bounded on the North by Surrey and Kent; on the East by Kent; on the South by the British Sea; and on the West by Hampshire. Its Length from East to West is sixty Miles; the broadest part from North to South not above twenty; and its Circumference about one hundred and fifty: wherein are contained one hundred and twelve Parishes, with eighteen Market Towns. The Air is good; but subject to great Fogs and Mists out of the neighbour Sea; which recompenceth this Inconvenience with plenty of Fish and Fowl. There are few Harbors upon this Coast: the Soil is rich and fruitful, but the Roads miry and unpleasant: the Middle of the Country has excellent Meadows; the Sea-coasts are Hilly, but afford plenty of Corn and Grass: the North-side full of Woods and Groves. The principal River is Arun. The chief City in it is Chichester, which is a Bishop's See: the next to it, Lewes. The Regni were the ancient Inhabitants of this County: who were subdued by Aulus Plautius in the reign of Claudius the Roman Emperor. In 478, Ella erected here the Kingdom of the South-Saxons, from whence this County has its Name, The first Earl of it was William de Albeney Earl of Arundel, who married Adelizia, the Relict of Henry I, in 1178. He was succeeded by VVilliam his Son: it continued in this Family for five Descents. In 1243, John Plantagenet, Earl of Surrey, succeeded. In 1305, John, a Son of the former, followed. In 1529, Robert Ratcliffe was Created, by Henry VIII, Earl of Sussex; whose Posterity enjoyed this Honor six Descents. In 1644, Thomas Lord Savil was Created the fourteenth Earl of Sussex; whose Son succeeded, and in him that Family ended. This Honor, in 1674, was conferred upon Thomas Leonard Lord Dacres, (who married Anne Fitz-Roy, eldest Daughter to the Duchess of Cleavland) by Charles II.

Sutherland, Sutherlandia, a County in the North of Scotland. Bounded on the North by Caithness and Strathnavern; on the West by Assint, on the South by Ros•, and on the East by the German Ocean. The principal Town in it is Dornock.

Sutri, Sutrium, Colonia Julia Sutrina, a City in the States of the Church in S. Peters Patrimony, upon the River Pozzolo: which is a Bishops See, but for ever united to the See of Nepi; from whence it stands four Miles to the West, and twenty four from Rome to the South-West. It is little and incompassed with Rocks on all sides. Livy says of it, that Camillus, when it had revolted against the Romans, went with an Army to reduce it. In the year of Christ 1046. the Emperor Henry III. assembled a Council here, which deposed Pope Gregory VI. (who had intruded into the Roman See in 1044.) and elected Constantine II. in his stead. In 1059. another Council confirm'd Pope Nicholas II. his Election to the See, and deposed the Antipope to him, Benedict, before Bishop of Veletri.

Sutton-Cofield, a Market Town in Warwickshire, in the Hundred of Hemlingford.

Suvas, Sebastopolis, a City of Cappadocia in Asia; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Sebastia: now a very considerable Place, and the Seat of a Turkish Governor: about fifty Miles from Amasia to the North-East. Long. 67. 30. Lat. 42. 30.

Swafham, a Market Town in the County of Norfolk, in the Hundred of S. Greneho.

Swansey, a Market Town in Glamorganshire in Wales; the Capital of its Hundred.

Swarteness, Iccium, a Cape in Picardy, so called by the Dutch; four Leagues from Calais to the West, and six from the Coast of Kent. The English call it Blackness.

Swarte Sluys, a small City in Over-Yssel, one of the United Provinces of the Low-Countries.

Sweden, Suecia, one of the Northern Kingdoms of Europe; called by the Inhabitants Swerie, Swedenrick, and Sweriesryke: by the Germans Schweden; by the French Suede; by the Poles Szwecya, and Szwedzka Ziemia; by the Italians La Suetia, by the Spaniards La Suecia. It is a great and populous Kingdom; contains the greatest part of that which was of old called Scandinavia; for some time united to the Crown of Denmark: and has been a separate and distinct Kingdom, only since 1525. Bounded on the North by Lapland, Norway, and the Frozen Ocean; on the East by Muscovy or great Russia; on the South by the Baltick Sea; and on the West by Denmark and Norway. The principal Parts of it are, first, Gothia; second, Sweden properly so called; third Norland; fourth Finland; fifth Ingria; sixth Livonia; all which are subdivided into thirty four Counties. They are again subdivided into Haeradlis like our Hundreds. It has seventeen Cities; the Capital of all Stockholm. The Air of this whole Kingdom is very cold; clear or foggy as it lies nearer or remoter from the Seas, Lakes, and Marshes; and for the most part more temperate and pure than that of Norway. In length from Stockholm to the Borders of Lapland one thousand Italian Miles; in breadth twenty days Journey on Horseback: so that with all its Appendages it is thought nine hundred Miles greater than France and Italy put together. It hath one Forest, betwixt Jenkoping and Elsimbourg, thirty Leagues long; with plenty of Rivers, Lakes, Marshes, Rocks and Mountains: so that the soil is more fertile than that of any other of the Northern Kingdoms: which enables them to transport great quantities of Malt and Barley; Brass, Lead, Steel, Copper, Iron, Hides of Goats, Bucks, Oxen, rich Furrs, Deals and Oaks for Buildings. They have some Silver in their Mines; in the Woods Tar and Honey; and vast quantities of Sea and Fresh-water Fish. The People are strong and healthful, hospitable and civil; live sometimes to a hundred and forty years of Age.

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So industrious, that a Beggar is not to be seen amongst them. Of latter times they have shewn the World they are good Soldiers, and capable of Learning too. This was the Country of the Goths; who in the fourth Century pulled up the Roman Empire in the West, and let in the other Barbarous Nations; who still possess it. This People were never subject to the Romans: but have been under Kingly Government from the first Peopling of the Country. We have a pretty certain Catalogue of these Kings from the times of Charles the Great to Magnus IV. King of Norway and Sweden: (amongst these, Olaus II. first took the name of King of Sweden: his Predecessors were called Kings of Ʋpsal, after their capital City:) who in 1363. was succeeded by Albert Duke of Mecklenburg in prejudice of Haquin King of Denmark and Norway; after whom succeeded Margaret the Semiramis of the North, (Queen of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway,) in 1387. She united all these Kingdoms into one by an Act of State. In 1411. Erick IV. Duke of Pomeren succeeded as her Adopted Son in all these Kingdoms. After this the Kingdom became Elective and Unsteady: till in 1523. (or 25) Gustavus Ericus was chosen King; who expelled the Danes, and put an end to that Union. He died in 1560. In 1611. Gustavus Adolphus the Great attained the Succession in this Line; who was killed in the Battel at Lutzen in Misnia in Germany in 1632. To him succeeded his Daughter, the most famous and admired Christina; who of her own voluntary motion, and pleasure, by declaration in form of Law, with the consent of the States, i. e. truly Abdicated the Crown to her Counsin Charles Gustavus in 1654. and lately died at Rome. Charles the present King of Sweden is the ninth in this Line; and succeeded Charles II. his Father, in 1660. This People was converted to the Christian Faith by Ansgarus Bishop of Bremen about 816. Lotharius the Emperor procured the settlement of Bishops in these Northern Countries in 1133. They received the Reformation under Gustavus I. in 1525; and have ever since stuck to the Augustane Confession: which they preserved in Germany too, when it was (about 1630.) in great danger to have been over-powered by the Prosperity of the House of Austria. They have also planted a New Sweden, in New America, not far from Virginia.

Swerin, Suerinum, a City of Germany; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Breme; in the Lower Saxony. Heretofore subject to its own Bishop and the Duke of Mecklenburgh: but now intirely under that Duke by the Treaty of Munster. It stands upon a Lake of the same name; seven German Miles from Gustrow to the West, and three from Wismar to the South. This City received with its Bishop the Augustane Confession, in 1530. In 1631. taken by Gustavus Adolphus; and was under the Swedes till the Peace of Munster. The Bishoprick was Founded by Frederick I. Emperor of Germany.

Swernicke, a considerable City and Pass upon the River Trina, near the Confines of Bosnia. Taken by the Imperialists October 15. 1688.

Swilly, a Lake in the County of Derry in Ireland.

Swindon, a Market Town in Wiltshire, in the Hundred of Kinwarston.

Swine, a River or Bay in Pomerania, the same with the Oder; the Germans write Schwine.

Switzerland, Helvetia, is a large Country in Europe: which of ancient Times was esteemed a part of France or Gallia; in the middle times, of Germany; and for three of the last Centuries has been a Free and Independent Country; governed by its own Magistrates. It is called by the Germans Schwitzerland; by thē French Suisse; by some of the Natives Eyatgnosts-Schafft, that is, the United Lands; by the Italians l' Elvetia; by the Spaniards Helveciae; by the Poles Szway•zarska: On the North it is bounded by the Rhine, which separates it from Germany; on the East by the Lake di Idro or Brescia, and the same River which divides it from Germany and the Grisons; on the South by the Lake Lemane, Walisserland, and the Dukedom of Milan; on the West by the Frenche Comté. The Country is for the most part over-spread with Lakes and Mountains: yet not barren; the tops of these Hills being full of Grass, and the bottoms surrounded with rich Meadows and fruitful Pastures. It yields Corn and Wine, but not sufficient for its Inhabitants. In length two hundred and forty Miles, in breadth one hundred and eighty. The Inhabitants are Honest, Frugal, Industrious, great Lovers of Liberty, good Soldiers, Lovers of Impartiality and Justice. About the time of Julius Caesar's Conquering Gaul, fifty six years before the Birth of our Saviour; these People being oppressed with too great a number of People, to the number of three Millions six hundred and eight thousand made an Irruption into Gaul; burning all their own Towns before they left them. But Julius Caesar gave them such warm Entertainment in Gaul, that they were forced to beg his leave to return; two Millions of them having perished in this War. From henceforward they were subject to the Romans; till in the Reigns of Honorius and Valentinian II. they were conquered by the Burgundians, and Germans. A part of this Country about 635. was given to Sigebert Earl of Habspurg, the Founder of the House of Austria: though that Dukedom fell not into the hands of this Family, till the times of Rodolph the Fortunate, about 1376. He being the twentieth in this Line, and elected Emperor of Germany in 1273; in 1282. created Albert his Son Duke of Austria. The rest of this Country was given by Rodolph (the last King of Burgundy) to Conrade II. Emperor of Germany, in 1032. From henceforward they were esteemed a part of Germany. But being unjustly handled by Albert Duke of Austria in 1308, they Revolted and Leagued against him; that is, the Cantons of Switz, Ʋnderwalt, and Ʋri; (He was afterwards killed in a Battel with them:) which League they made perpetual in the year 1315. In 1332. Lucerne; in 1351. Zurich; in 1352. Glaris; the same year Zug and Berne two Free States; in 1481. Friburg, Basil and Solothurine; in 1501. Schafhausen; and in 1513. Appenzil were added to the former; which thirteen Cantons make up that knot of Commonwealths, now called the Switz: and their Liberty in the year 1649. was intirely fixed by the Treaty of Munster. These Cantons in the year 1663. made a League with Lewis XIV. King of France for sixty years. They were converted to the Christian Faith by one Lucius, about the year of Christ 177. At the Reformation Zuinglius began here to Preach before Luther; and had that success, that the Cantons of Zurich, Berne, Basil and Schafhausen, followed his Doctrine; and held a Synod at Basil for the Establishment of it in 1530. The Cantons of Glaris and Appenzil are mixed of both Religions; the rest persisted in the Communion of the Church of Rome; and have been more addicted to her Interest, than their Ancestors were before the Reformation. The Roman Catholick Cantons assemble ordinarily at Lucerne: the Reformed, at Aran. The General Assemblies of the whole Cantons are wont to be held at Baden. These Cantons have each their different Laws, independent of one another; and are governed in the nature of so many distinct Republick•.

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Swol, Navalia, a strong Town or City in Over-Yssel, (one of the Provinces of the Ʋnited Netherlands) seated on the Yssel; three German Miles almost above its fall into the Zuyder Zee, ten from Nimeguen to the North, and two from Swarte Sluys to the South. It has double Ditches and Ramparts: thought the strongest Town in this Province: so that the States always retire hither in time of great necessity. Guicciardin.

Syena, an antient and noble City of the Thebais, in the Ʋpper Egypt: in the Borders of Aethiopia, and upon the Banks of the Nile. The utmost Boundary of the Turkish Empire on that side now, as it was heretofore of the Roman. One of the principal Cataracts of the Nile falls near it, amongst the Rocks, with great Noise and Violence. The Mountains hereabouts produce the Granite Stone, called therefore Syenites after the name of this City: of which the antient Aegyptians made their Tombs, Columns, Obelisks and Pyramids to eternalize the memory of their Great Men. It is an Archbishop's See: sheweth many noble Edifices, and Tombs with Epitaphs in Latin and the Egyptian Languages. But of a greater circuit in former times. The modern Name by some is put Asna; others, Zema, and Asuan.

Sygaros, an Island, mentioned by Pliny in the Gulph of Arabia.

Symplegades, Cyane, two Rocks or small Islands in the Canal of the Black Sea, or the Streights of Constantinople: so near to each other, that the antient Poets said they dash'd together.

Synnada, an ancient City in Phrygia Magna, in the Lesser Asia: in which Eusebius places a Council in 265, that did declare, Baptism by Hereticks to be null.

Syracusa, once the noblest and most potent City in the Island of Sicily, on the East side of that Island. Built by Archias a Corinthian, in the year of the World 1190; above seven hundred years before the Birth of our Saviour; in the days of Ʋzziah King of Judah. In after-times it became the greatest and the most celebrated City the Greeks possessed in any part of the World. Strabo saith, its Circuit in his time was an hundred and eighty Greek Stadia's; that is, twenty two English Miles and an half. Livy in his twenty fifth Book saith, the spoil of it was almost equal to that of Carthage; wherein Plutarch agrees with him. Famous it is for a great Defeat of the Athenians under its Walls; in the year of the World 3536. of Rome 339. It fell under the power of the Romans in the year of the World 3738. of Rome 541. two hundred and ten years before the Birth of our Saviour; when it was intirely ruined by Marcellus, the Roman General. It had a triple Wall, two Ports, three Fortresses; three famous Temples (besides others) of Jupiter, Diana, and Minerva: an admirable Statue of Apollo, an Amphitheatre, a Palace of Hiero's Building, and divers other noble publick Works. The Mathematician Archimedes (its Native) retarded more the taking of it by Marcellus with his Art, than the Citizens and Garrison by their Arms and Sallies. And at last in the Conquest, was killed, unknown. Theocritus the Poet, and Epicharmus the Philosopher, were its Natives also. It recovered again; and in Tullies times had three Walls, three Castles, a Marble Gate; and could raise twelve thousand Horse, and four hundred Ships. In the year of Christ 884. the Sarazens took it, and razed it to the ground; and it never recovered since. For whereas before it was an Archbishops See, and the Metropolis of the Island; it is now but a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Montereale; small, and not mighty populous; called by the Inhabitants, Siragoza, or Syragosa. Mr. Sandys, (who saw it) saith, it stands now in an Island, called Ortygia; having a strong Castle well fortified; and is it self strongly walled, having two noble Havens; kept by a Garrison of two hundred Spaniards, and three hundred Towns men. The Buildings are ancient; the Inhabitants grave. It stands in a Marsh, which makes it less healthful, though it affords the City a great plenty of all things. The Cathedral Church of S. Luke that is there now, was heretofore the Temple of Diana. Long. 39. 24. Lat. 36. 24.

Syria, a vast Country in the Greater Asia; called by the Jews Aram or Charam. When it is largely taken, it contains Phoenicia, Palestine, (or the Holy Land) and Syria properly so called. In the latter Acceptation it is bounded to the North by Cilicia, and the lesser Armenia; on the East by Mesopotamia, (divided from it by the Euphrates, and Arabia Deserta;) on the South it has Palestine and Phoenicia; and on the West the Mediterranean Sea. Now called by the Inhabitants Souristan, by the French Sourie, by the Italians Soria. Its length from North to South four hundred; from East to West it is in breadth two hundred Italian Miles. In very ancient Times Damascus was the capital City: in the middle times Antioch; now Aleppo. This Country is by Nature extremely Fruitful; and once as Populous, but now almost desolate. As to the Story of it, N. Damascenus mentions one Adadus slain by David King of Israel; after whom there followed a Succession of Kings, thirteen in number: the last of which (Rezin) was conquered by Tiglath Phileser King of Assyria, and beheaded in Damascus about the year of the World 3213. After this they were subject to the Kings of Assyria, Media and Persia, till after the Death of Alexander the Great. Seleucus Nicanor began another Kingdom here, about the year of the World 3644; whose Posterity and Successors to the number of twenty one, or twenty five, (of which Antiochus XII. was the last) Reigned, till Pompey the Great made a perfect Conquest of all Syrià for the Romans in the year of the World 4650, sixty two years before the Birth of our Saviour. It continued under the Romans till the year of Christ 636. (or as others 34.) when it was conquered by Haumer the third Calyph of the Saracens. About the year of Christ 1075. Melech and Ducat began a Turkish Kingdom: which in the year 1262, after a Descent of nine Kings, was destroyed by Haalon the Tartar. Next it fell into the Hands of the Mamalucks of Egypt; under whom it continued till the year 1515: and then was conquered by Selim, Emperor of the Turks: under whom it is at this day, most wretchedly harassed and desolated.

Syrtes, two dangerous sandy Gulphs in the Mediterranean Sea, upon the Coast of Barbary in Africa: called antiently, Syrtes magna & parva: now, the Gulph de Sidra, and de Capes. In one name, the Shoals of Barbary. The first lies betwixt the Kingdoms of Tripoli and Barca, the other betwixt Tripoli and Tunis.

TA. (Book t)

TA, a River on the South of China, in the Provinces of Quansey and Quantam.

Tabago, the Tobacco Island, in the West-Indies, in the North Sea: Possessed by the Dutch: commonly also called Niew Walcheren. It lies eight Miles from la Trinidad to the North-East, and ninety South of Barbadoes: having eighteen small Rivers, and many sase Harbours: about nine Dutch Miles

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long, and three broad; very fruitful, and full of all Necessaries. About forty years since, the Dutch began to plant it. In 1673. the English, under Sir Tobias Bridges took and plundered it; carried away four hundred Prisoners. and as many Negroes. In 1677. the French (being desirous to drive the Dutch out of it) sent the Comte d' Estrée with ten Ships: which entered Klips Bay, and for several days ingaged a Fleet of eight Dutch Ships there lying under the Command of James Binckes, a Dutchman: who so well defended the Island, that though the French pretended they destroyed the Fort the Dutch had built; yet they were forced to draw off, and leave the Dutch Masters of the Place. Long. 316. Lat. 10. 30. The whole Plantation of this Island is Tobacco, after its name.

Tabarestan, Tabarestania, a Province of Persia, toward the Caspian Sea; containing a great part of the ancient Hyrcania. The Caspian Sea is sometimes from this Province called the Sea of Tabarestan. Asterabath its Capital City.

Tabarque, Tabraca, an ancient City in the Kingdom of Tunis in Africa, upon the Mediterranean Sea, betwixt Hippo and Ʋtica, It hath had the honour in the times of Christianity there, to be a Bishops See; but now, only considerable for its Port. Pliny, Claudian, and Stephanus mention it.

Tabasco, Tabasca, a Town and Province in New Spain, in North America. The Province lies between the Bay of Mexico to the North, and the Province of Chiapa to the South: extended from East to West forty six Spanish Leagues. The principal City in it was by the Indians called Tabasco; but the Spaniards call it Nuestra Sennora de la Vi•toria, our Lady of Victory; because Cortez, the Spanish General, gave the Mexicans an irrecoverable Defeat near this Place.

Tabenna, an Island of the Thebais, in the Kingdom of Egypt; near the City Syene. Inhabited formerly by the Monks, entituled Tabenniosi•ae from it; in whose times, Tabennis, was a small Town standing here.

Tabor, Taborium, a Town in Bohemia, upon the River Lauznicz; twenty Miles from Budwess, and forty five from Prague. The Hussites made this Place the Seat of their War, and fortified it: and from thence for twenty years ruined the Imperial and Hereditary Countries; called thereupon Taborites.

Tacara, a small Kingdom on the Coast of Guinea, in Africa.

Tacaze, Tacasus, Astaboras, a vast River in the Higher Aethiopia; which ariseth in the Kingdom of Angote; chiefly from three Fountains; and runs West sometime between Dagana and Hoga. Then bending North through the Kingdom of Tigre, it watereth the Desart of Oldeba; and joyns the River Mareb or Marebo. Being much improved, it passeth through the Kingdom of Dengin; and at Jalack falls into the Nile in the Kingdom of Nubia, from the East.

Tachiali, Antiochia Maeandri, a City of Caria, in the Lesser Asia; which was a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Ephesus; from which it stands seventy Miles to the East, upon the Meander; and thirty seven from Bursia to the South. Latitus Bishop of this See, subscribed to the Council of Chalcedon. Long. 58.00. Lat. 39. 30.

Tadcaster, a Market Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire: which hath a large Stone Bridge over the River Warfe; and Lime-Stone digged up in its Neighbourhood in Plenty.

Tadouslack, Tadussacum, a Town in New France, upon the Bay of S. Laurence: where it receives the River Saguen; a hundred Miles from Quebec to the South-East.

Taenarus. See Matapan.

Taff, Rhatostathybius, a small River in Glamorganshire in Wales; which watering and giving name to Landaff, falls into the Irish Sea near the Borders of Monmouthshire.

Taflete, Tafleta, a Kingdom in Biledulgerida in Africa; between Segellomessa to the East, and Darba to the West: bounded with the Kingdom of Morocco to the North. The Capital City is of the same name. A populous and plentiful City, fortified with a Castle; of great Trade for Indico, Silks, and Maroquines: but the Country elsewhere is extreme Sandy, hot and desert. About 1660. the King of this place, after many Victories, conquered Morocco and Fez; and kept them for some time. This is supposed to have been a part of the ancient Numidia.

Tagaste, is now a desolate Village in the Province of Constantine, in the Kingdom of Algiers in Barbary: which heretofore was a Bishops See, and famous for giving Birth to S. Augustine.

Tagat, a fruitful Mountain, two Leagues from the City Fez, to the East; in the Kingdom of Fez in Barbary: about two Leagues in length. Covered with Pines on one side, and affording Land for Tillage on the other.

Taicheu, Taicheum, a City in the Province of Chekiam in China. It stands upon a Mountain, and is the Capital over five other Cities.

Tajima, a Town and Province in the North part of Niphon.

Taillebourg, a Town in the Province of Xaintonge in France, upon the River Charante: at which S. Louis King of France in 1242. defeated the Malecontents of his Kingdom, that were risen in Arms a¦gainst him.

Tajo, Tagus, one of the most celebrated Rivers of Spain. It ariseth from two Fountains in New Castile, but in the Borders of Arragon; at the foot of Mount Vallezillo. And running North, it takes in the Molina: then turning South-West, it passeth by Pastrana to Aronjues: where it admits the Tajuna, with a knot of other Rivers from Madrid and Henares: turning more Westerly, it salutes Toledo; takes in beneath it the Gaudarrama, and the Alberch; visits Talavera, and Puente de Archobisbo, where it is covered by a Bridge; beneath Almaraz it receives the Guadalupo. So passing by Alcantara, it entereth the Kingdom of Portugal at Perdigaon; and receiving the Rio Monsul, and a vast number of small Brooks in that Kingdom, it forms the vast Haven of Lisbon; and on the South side of that City passeth into the Atlantick Ocean: having from its Fountains run one hundred and ten Spanish Leagues, and being at its Mouth two Spanish Leagues broad. There is no River in Spain more frequently mentioned than this, especially on the account of its Golden Sand, by the Poets.

Taiping, a City of the Province of Nankim, upon the River Kiang in China. There is another of Quantum: which is now under the King of Tumkim.

Taitung, a strong City in the Province of Xamsi in China. It is the third of Note there, and drives a great Trade.

Tajuna, Tagonius, a River of New Castile; which falls into the Tajo.

Taiyven, the Capital City of the Province of Xansi in China, near the River Truen.

Talabo, or Talaro, Pitanus, a River in Corsica.

Talamone, a Town and Port to the Tyrrehenian Sea, in the Estate called Degli Presidii, upon the Borders of the Dukedom of Tuscany, in Italy. Belonging to the Spaniards.

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Talavera, Ebara, Libora, a Town in New Castile, upon the Tajo. See Tajo.

Tal•a, a very fruitful Island in the Caspian Sea, according to Pliny, (who calls it Tazata) and other Ancients: But we have no Modern Account of it.

Tamaga, Tama•a and Tambro, a River of Spain: which ariseth in Gallicia, above Mone Roy; and running South through the Province of Entre Douro è minbo, falls into the Douro; six Spanish Leagues above Porto to the East.

Tamar, Tamaris, a River in the East of Cornwal, which divides that County from Devonshire. It ariseth in Devonshire, near the Irish Sea; and running South, watereth Bridgrule, Telco•, Tamerten, (which has its name from this River) Beyton, Lawhitton, Cal-Stock: and having received amongst others the Foy, at Plimouth it entereth the British Sea; forming there a Noble and Capacious Haven. See Cambden.

Tamaraca, a City and Island upon the Coast of Brasil in South America, under the Portuguese: making one of the fourteen Governments or Provinces of Brasil.

Tamaro, Thamarus, a small River in the Principato, in the Kingdom of Naples: which rising from the Appennine, a little above Benevento, falls into the Calore.

Tamasso, Tamassus, a Town in the Island of Cyprus, towards Famagosta. Of great Repute for its Tin-Mines.

Taming, Taminga, a City in the Province of Pekim in China.

Tampan, the Mouth of the Rhosne.

Tamul, a petty Kingdom contained in Bisnagar, in the Hither East-Indies.

Tamworth, a Borough and Market Town in the Borders of Staffordshire and Warwickshire, at the Confluence of the Tame and the Auker: whereof one washeth that part of the Town, which stands in Staffordshire; and the other that in Warwickshire. It hath a strong (though small) Castle for its defence: is beautified with a large Church; and in the Lower House of Parliament represented by two Burgesses.

Tanagra, an ancient City of Boeotia (now Stramulipa) in Greece, near the River Asopus: Called Orops by Aristotle, and Gephyra in Stephanus. Athenaeus mentions, Cetus Tanagranus, as a Proverb for a vast Whale, because one of a prodigious Magnitude was cast up here. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Athens, the same with the Anatoria of some Moderns.

Tanaro, Tanarus, a Navigable River of Lombardy; which ariseth in Piedmont, in the Borders of the States of Genoua from the Apennine: and running North-East, watereth Mondovi, Alba, Asti, and Alexandria, in the Dukedom of Milan: it falls into the Po at Bassignano; between Casal to the North, and Voghera to the South▪

Tandaya, one of the Philippine Islands.

Tandra, an Island of the Euxine Sea, at the Mouth of the Borysthenes.

Tane•axima, a small Island belonging to Japan.

Tanes, Tanitioum Ostium, one of the Eastern Mouths of the Nile. This gave name to Tunis, now Tanes, a desolate Village in Egypt at this time; but formerly one of the greatest, richest, and strongest Cities of Egypt; a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Damietta. The Calyphs rebuilt it, after it had been some Ages desolate; but it soon returned to its former State.

Tangier, Tingi, Tingis, one of the oldest Cities of Africa, in the Province of Hasbat, in the Kingdom of Fez. Built by Antaeus a Phoenician, as the Learned Sir John Marsham proves from Procopius, who mentions an ancient Pillar with this Inscription in the Phoenician Tongue; We are fled from Joshua the Son of Nun, a Robber; whereupon he placeth the building of it in Joshua's time, and saith it is undoubtedly a very ancient Phoenician Colony. It stands at the Mouth of the Streights of Gibraltar, towards the Atlantick Ocean; and was anciently an Archbishops See, and an University. The Goths possessed it after the Romans, and annexed it to the Government of Ceuta. In 1471. Alphonsus King of Portugal made himself Master of it. From which time it continued in the possession of that Crown, till in 1662. it was put by the Portuguese into the hands of the English. Charles II. having bestowed immense charges upon the Haven and Out-Works of it, (after it had prosperously repelled several Attacks of the Moors in 1663, 1664. and in 1682;) in 1683. by the Lord Dartmou•h, that Prince ordered all the Forts and Works to be blown up; the Mole to be slighted; and withdrew the Garrison into England; finding the benefit not equal to the charge of keeping it. Long. 6. 30. Lat. 35. 56.

Tangermund, Tangermunda, a Town in the Old Marquisate of Brandenburg; upon the Elbe, where it takes in the River Tanger: seven German Miles from Magdeburgh to the North, toward Havelburgh. Heretofore a very strong and considerable place. The Emperour Charles IV. kept his Court there: but in the Swedish War it was often taken, and suffered so very much, that it is become very inconsiderable now.

Tangu, Tangum, a Kingdom in the Further East-Indies, by the River Menan; which has a City of the same name, and was formerly subject to the King of Pegu.

Tanjaor, a City and Kingdom in Coromandel, in the East-Indies; formerly subject to the King of Bisnagar; but has now a Prince of its own; who is a Tributary to the former. It lies sixty Miles from the Coast of Coromandel to the West.

Tanor, a small Kingdom in the Hither East-Indies, in the Promontory of Malabar: which hath a City of the same name, five Leagues from Calecut to the South. The King resides at a Palace one League from the City, and preservs a strict Alliance with the Portuguese.

Taormina, a City of Sicily.

Tapaysa, or Tapy, a great River of South America: which riseth in the Borders of Brasil; and after having given name to a Province, falls into the River of Amasons in Guiana.

Tapiaw, a Town in the Ducal Prussia in the Kingdom of Poland.

Taprobane▪ See Zeilan.

Tapsus, an ancient City in the Province of Byzacena, now in the Kingdom of Tunis, in Barbary▪ Caesar besieged it, to oblige Scipio to a Battel: and after his Defeat of Scipio, it surrendred to the Conquerour.

Tapua guazu, a Province of South America in Paragua; near the Lake of Xaray, in the Borders of Brasil.

Tapu•es, a people of Brasil, in the Prefecture of Santo Spirito.

Tara, Taras, a small River in the Province of Otranto, in the Kingdom of Naples: which arising from the Apennine near Massafra, falls into the Gulph of Taranto, by the City of Taranto; which has its name from this River.

Taragale, a City in the Region of Darha in Biledulgerid, in Africa; near the City of Darha: fortified with a Castle and a considerable Garrison, for the security of the Mint, which the Emperour of Marocco keeps here. The Jews have about four hundred Families in it. The Country adjacent affords plenty of Corn, Pasturage, and Dates.

Taranto, Tarentum, Ʋrbs Salentinorum, a City in the Province of Otranto, in the Kingdom of Naples; called at this day Tarente by the French Built by a Band of Lacedemonian Bastards, and made the Capital of the ancient Magna Graecia; who having no Inheritance at home, were sent hither to seek their fortunes, in the year of the World 3242. forty five years after the building of Rome. It became a famous Common-Wealth. Its ancient Inhabitants, the Tarentini, solicited Pyrrhus's Descent into Italy to make War with the Romans. In the year of Rome 481. Milo, a Citizen of it, betrayed it to the Romans. In the second Punick War it received Hannibal. And in the year of Rome 545. was recovered out of his hands again by Quintus Fabius Maximus. In 631. it was made a Roman Colony. In 1194. Henry IV. gave it to VVilliam, (the Son of Tancred) Prince of Taranto; when he had caused him to be castrated, to prevent any Posterity. It is now an Archbishops See; small, but strong, and well peopled; has a Castle garrisoned with Spaniards. The Haven was once very good, but spoiled by great Stones sunk in the Mouth of it; so that none but small Ships can enter it. This City has also still the Honour of the Title of a Principality. It stands upon a Peninsula, on a Bay of its own Name, at the Mouth of the River Tara. Some derive the Name of the Tarantulae (whose Venom is cured only by violent dancing) from it. In 1614. a Synod was held here by its Archbishop. Long. 41. 30. Lat. 39. 58.

Tarara, Cemmenus, a Mountain near Lyons in France; more commonly called les Sevennes.

Tarascon, Tarasco, an ancient Roman Town in Provence in France, upon the Rhosne, four Leagues beneath Avignon to the South, and three from Arles. It is great and populous, and has two strong Castles, a Collegiate Church, with divers Ecclesiastical and Religious Houses. The Reliques of S. Martha are said to be preserved here.

Tarazona, Turiaso, an ancient Roman City, in the Kingdom of Arragon in Spain; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Sarragosa; upon the River Queois; four Leagues from Tudela to the North-West, and ten from Bilbao to the North. This City was recovered from the Moors by Alphonsus VIII. in 1010. And is chiefly commended for the rare temper of its Steel. Long. 19. 02. Lat. 42. 50.

Tarbes, Tarba, Turba, Castrum Bigorrae, a City of Aquitam, in the County of Bigorre, whereof it is the Capital: seated in a pleasant Plain, upon the River Adour; well peopled, and has a Castle called Bigorre, which gave name to this County. It is also a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Aux; from which this City stands nine Miles to the North-West, and six from Pau to the East.

Tarczal, Carpates, the Carpathian Hills, which divide Hungary and Transylvania, from Poland.

Tardenois, Tardanensis Comitatus, a County in the Isle of France; between the Marne to the South, and the Vesle to the North: its true Bounds are now lost.

Tardera, Alba, Tholobi, a River in Catalonia: which falls into the Mediterranean Sea at Blanes; nine Miles from Barcinone to the North.

Tarentaise, Tarentesia, a Tract or Valley in the Dukedom of Savoy, between the Alpes and the Dukedom of Aouste to the East; Hossano to the North; Savoy (properly so called) to the West; and the Valley di Moriana to the South. This was the Seat of the ancient Centrones. The principal place in it, Montiers. It is one of the three principal Provinces of the Dukedom of Savoy, but very Mountainous and Barren.

Targa, a Kingdom, Desart, City, and Lake in Africa; in Zaara, between the Desart of Lempta to the East, Zuenziga to the West, Biledulgerida to the No••h▪ and Nigritia to the South.

Targovisto, Targovistum, Targoviscum, Tergovistus, Tiriscum, a great City, which is the Capital of Moldavia, and the Seat of their Princes. The Natives call it Ternisch. It stands in the Borders of Walachia, up the River Jaloniza; sixty Miles from Nigeboli to the North, and a little more from Cronstad, or (Brassaw) in Transylvania to the South, in a Marsh. Heretofore, together with Moldavia, under the King of Hungary. And now returned under that Crown again. See Moldavia.

Tariffa, a City of Spain in Andalusia, near the Streights of Gibraltar: once a great and strong place, but now almost ruined: inhabited by a few, though it has a Castle and an Haven. It was recovered from the Moors in 1292. And Octob. 28. 1340. the Moors received a great Defeat near this place: which stands four Leagues from Algezira to the West, and six from the Coast of Barbary to the North.

Tarne, or le Tar, Tarnis, a River of Aquitain in France: which springeth from Mount Losere in Givaudan; and being improved by some lesser Streams, watereth Millaud; then entering Languedoc, it visiteth Montauban, where it is covered by a lovely Stone Bridge: and a little beneath Moissac, falls into the Garonne; five Leagues above Agen. The present King of France, has with great expence of late years made this River Navigable by Boats.

Taro, or Tarro, Tarus, a River of Lombardy in Italy; which ariseth from the Apennine, in the Borders of the States of Genoua: and running through a Valley of its own name, (and through the Dukedom of Parma) falls thirteen Miles below Cremona into the Po. Upon the Banks of this River, Charles VIII. of France, in 1495. defeated all the Forces of Italy assembled hither to stop him from going out of Italy.

Tarpeya, a Lake in the Kingdom of Peru in South America, near the City Potosi: springing from a large Fountain in the middle of itself.

Tarragona, Tarraco, a City of Spain; which in ancient time gave name to that part of Spain called Hispania Tarraconensis. It was built by the Scipio's: others say, before the Roman Conquest: Eratosthenes having mentioned it in the year of the World 2780. The Scipio's much enlarged it: and therefore Pliny and Solinus make them the Founders. Mela saith, it was in his time the richest Maritim City on the Eastern Coast of Spain. It was certainly a great Metropolis, and had fourteen lesser Cities under it. The Moors ruined the Roman City; and rebuilt that which now stands; walling it for the greater security. It is now an Archbishops See, and an University founded by Cardinal Gasparo de Cervantes, (Archbishop of this See) in the Reign of Philip II. It stands at the Mouth of the River Tulcis, now el Fracoli; which affords it a small Haven on the Mediterranean Sea: thirteen Spanish Leagues from Tortosa, and fifteen from Barcelone. In a decaying condition. Long. 22. 53. Lat. 41. 58. In 1242. a Synod was held here to oppose the progress of the Doctrines of the Vaudois.

Tarsus, Tarsos, the Metropolitan City of Cilicia, in the Lesser Asia: upon the River Cydenum, which divides it into two equal parts. It took divers names from the Roman Emperours. At this day it is called by the Inhabitants, Terassa; by the Turks, Terfis; by the Italians, Tarso. Now an Archbishops See; six Miles from the Shoars of the Mediterranean. Pope Clement IX. bore the Title of this See, before his Election to the Pontificate. Long. 66. 14. Lat. 38. 56. This City deservs a particular veneration from all Christians; because S. Paul, the Great Apostle of the Gentiles, was born in it; and by that means pleaded its privilege to avoid some ill usages he had otherwise suffered. This is also the Tarshish, whither Jonas desired to pass, when he took Ship at Joppe, (Joh. 1. 3.): which the following part of his Story hath made so memorable. Lyra and S. Anselme interpret the Tharsis of King Solomon, whither his Fleet went to buy precious Merchandises for the Temple, of this place also. But others reject their opinion; and we have no Concord amongst the Learned upon that question. See Ophir.

Tartaro, Tartarus, Atrianus, a River in the States of Venice; which ariseth in the Territory of Verona; and flowing East, watereth Adria, an ancient City: then one part of it falls into that Branch of the Po, called il Fuosa; and the other into the River Adige.

Tarudante, Tarodantum, Torodantum, the Capital City of Suz. Heretofore subject to the King of Morocco, but has now a Prince of its own. It is great and populous; about fifty Miles from the Atlantick Ocean, and three hundred from Morocco to the South.

Tasso, Thassos, Thalassia, Chryse, an Island of the Archipelago, one League distant from the Continent of Romania in the Morea, and about seven or eight in Circumference: divided betwixt Plains and Mountains, which afford good Wine and Marble. The Phoenicians anciently planted a Colony here, who built the City now standing; which is in a tolerable condition, but far different from its pristine Splendour.

Tatta, a Kingdom in the East-Indies, under the Great Mogul; separated from Persia to the West, by the River Indus; and bounded to the North by Buckor, to the East by the Kingdom of Jesselmeere, and to the South by the Indian Sea. The Capital City is of the same Name; near the Indus. Long. 102. Lat. 26. 45.

Tattershal, a Market Town in Lincolnshire, in the Hundred of Gartree, and the Division of Lindsey: near the Influx of the River Bane into the Witham.

Tavasthus, Tavastia, a Town and County in the Kingdom of Sweden in Finmarck; called also Tavastland. Bounded on the East by Savolaxia, on the South by Niland, on the West by Finmarck, (properly so called) and on the North by the Botner Sea. Tavasthus, the principal Town in it, was called Gronenberg; and stands in a Marsh: well fortified against the Russ: ninety Miles from Aboa to the East. Birger Jarel built a Castle in 1250. to awe the Inhabitants,

Tauber, Tuberius, a River in Franconia; which ariseth near Rotenburgh, nine Miles from Norimburgh to the West; and by Onspach, Papenheim, and Aichstat falls into the Danube below Ingolstad, and above Regensperg.

Taverna, Taberna, Trischene, a decayed City in the Further Calabria, in the Kingdom of Naples; which was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Rhegio; but having lost that Dignity, is now a member of the Diocese of Catanzaro.

Teubemberg, a Town in Hungary; at which Mahomet I. in 1400. beat the Hungarians.

Tavestock, a Market Town and Borough in Devonshire, upon the River Tave: the Capital of its Hundred. In the Lower House of Parliament represented by two Burgesses.

Tavira, or Tavila, a City of Algarve in Spain, upon the Atlantick Ocean; between the Mouth of the Guadiana to the East, and Faro to the West; five Leagues from either. It is under the King of Portugal: has a large Haven at the Mouth of the River Xilaon, and a Castle for its security.

Taurn, Alpes Noricae, a branch of the Alpes in Carinthia.

Taurus, the greatest Mountain in all Asia; so called, as Eustathius saith, from its Magnitude. It begins at the East or Chinian Ocean; and traverseth the whole body of Asia, as far as the Sea of Pamphylia in the Lesser Asia; dividing Asia into the Northern and Southern, and assuming various Names in different Places. Yet the particular Name of Taurus belongs most properly to that Branch of this Mountain, which divides Pamphylia and Cilicia from the Lesser Armenia. Sir John Chardin who crossed that part of this Mountain, (called Caucasus) saith; that it is the highest Mountain, and the most difficult to pass over that ever he beheld: full of Rocks and dismal Precipices. The top of it (eight Leagues broad), cover'd with Snow and not inhabited: yet the sides are prodigious fruitful; afford Honey, Wheat, Gums, Wines, and Fruits in vast quantities. The Inhabitants are a good natur'd sort of Christians, In Tartary this Mountain is called Imaus. In this long course it separates many Potent Nations one from another. Herbert (our Country-man) saith; that it is fifty English Miles over, and fifteen hundred long.

Taxiala, a great City of India, mentioned by Strabo and Philostratus, as the Residence of the ancient King Phraortes. But we have now no knowledge of it; unless, the same with Cambaia.

Taw, a River in Devonshire, upon which Barnstaple stands.

Tay, Tavus, is a great River in Scotland; which arising from Mount Grampus, and flowing East helps to divide that Kingdom into two parts; the Northern and the Southern. Its Fountains are in Albany. It passeth through Athole and Perth, watering Dunkeld and Aberneth; and between Angus to the North, and Fife to the South, by a vast Arm of the Sea falls into the German Sea; almost twenty English Miles North of St. Andrews.

Taygetus, a Mountain of the Province of Laconia in the Peloponnesus: consecrated in Pagan times to Castor and Pollux. Standing in the neighbourhood of Sparta, (now Misitra); and being broken once by an Earthquake, it did much mischief to that City.

Tearus, a River of Thrace, salling into the Hebrus: so admired by Darius, the Son of Hystaspes, for its Water according to Herodotus; that he erected a Colom in its honor.

Teane, a River in Staffordshire, upon which Checkley is situated.

Tebesca, an ancient City in the Kingdom of Tunis in Africa: which was a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Carthage.

Tech, Ter, Illybiris, Thicis, Tichis, a small River in the County of Roussillon; which springeth out of the Pyrenean Hills in the Borders of Cerdanna; watereth Arles and Cerdanna; then falls into the Mediterranean Sea, twelve Miles from the Mouth of the Egli to the South.

Tectosagae, an ancient People of Gallia Narbonensis; whose Capital City was the modern Tolose. They made an incursion into Germany, and there established themselves, near the Hyrcinian Forest.

Tedles, Tedlesia, a Province in the Kingdom of Morocco: Its chief City is Tofza.

Tees, Athesis, Tuasis, a River which parts England from Scotland: It ariseth in Twedale; therefore called the Tweed no less frequently; and running Eastward, and being augmented by the Cale at Rydam, it becomes a boundary; at Tiltmouth takes in the Bromyshe out of Northumberland; and on the South side of Barwick, entereth the German Ocean.

Tefza, a City in the Province of Tedles in the Kingdom of Morocco; built on an high Hill by the River Derna.

Tegan, Teganum, a City in the Province of Huquam in China. The Capital over five Cities.

Tegaza, a Desart in Nigritia in Africa.

Tegaea, an antient City of Arcadia in the Peloponnesus; which was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Corinth.

Tegeste, a Peninsula in Florida, in North America.

Tegorarin, a City and Territory in Biledulgerid in Africa.

Teissa, or Tiissa, Tibiscus, the Theysse, a River of the Ʋpper Hungary; which ariseth in the Carpathian Mountains; and floweth through Transylvania hither, to pay its Tribute to the Danube. Segedin stands upon it. The Hungarians use to say, It is two parts Water and the third Fish.

Tejum, an ancient City of Paphlagonia in the Lesser Asia: remarkable by being the Birth-place of Anacreon the Poet, who died of a Grape-stone sticking in his Throat.

Telepte, an Ancient City of the Province of Byzacena, in the Kingdom of Tunis in Barbary. It was a Bishops See, particularly remarkable in the person of Donatus; who, in 418, celebrated a Council at it against the Pelagians. Now in slavery to the Moors.

Telessia, a City of the ancient Samnium in Italy; (now in the Province called Terra di Lavoro, in the Kingdom of Naples.) It became a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Benevento, and was adorned with the Title of a Dukedom. But since 1612, the See has been transserred from hence.

Telgen, Telga, a City in Sudermannia in Sweden, four Miles from Stockholm, to the North-West.

Temesen, Temesena, a Province in the Kingdom of Fez.

Temeswaer, Temesuaria, a Town in the Ʋpper Hungary; which is the Capital of a County of the same Name. A great and strong place, seated upon the River Temes (whence it has its Name:) five Leagues from Lippa, towards the Borders of Transylvania; and about ten from Belgrade. The Turks twice attempted it before they took it, (in 1552) from the Transylvanians: upon which they bestowed great costs in the fortifying of it, and esteem it invincible; as indeed it is the strongest Place they have left them. The County of Temeswaer is bounded on the North by Chaunad and Transylvania,; on the West by the Tibiscus, on the South by the Danube, and on the East by Moldavia.

Temiam, Temiamum, a Kingdom in Nigritia in Africa: bounded on the North by the Kingdom of Gangara, on the West by that of Bito, on the South by the River Niger, and on the East by the Desart of Sert or Seu. The principal City of which is Temican.

Tempe, a sweet Valley in the Province of Thessalia, in Macedonia, watered by the River Peneo. The Poets have rendered it famous to all Ages. It lies betwixt the Mountains Olympus and Ossa. And some place the ancient City Lycosthome in it, which was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Larissa.

Temruck, or Tomaruchi, Tyrambe, Tyrambis, a City of Crim Tartary in Asia; sixteen Miles from the Cimmerian Bosphorus to the East, and ten from the Lake of Corocondam to the North.

Tenbury, a Market Town in Worcestershire, upon the Edge of Shropshire, and the Banks of the River Tent: in the hundred of Doddington.

Tende, Tenda, a Town in the County of Nizza, in the Appenine, near the Borders of the States of Genoua: eighteen Miles from Alba to the North, and twenty five from Fossano South: which has a Mountain near it, called Le col de Tende; and a very strong Castle. This was a Sovereign State, under Counts of its own; but now subject to the Duke of Savoy.

Tenedos, a small Island of sixteen Miles in Compass: five from the Shores of Asia, twenty five from the Island Metelino to the North in the Archipelago, and eighteen from the Dardanels to the South: called by the Turks Bosh Adasi, the Barren Island: yet it affords excellent Muscadine Wine; Plenty of Game: and is well situated to bridle the Streights of Gallipoli: It has a City, two Castles, and an Harbor for small Vessels: and being taken by the Venetians (with whom the Genouese disputed the possession of it a long time), was betrayed to the Turks by their Governor. In the time of Troy, which stood within two Leagues of it, this Island was consecrated to Apollo; and the Graecian Navy, seigning a Despair to take that City, retired hither to disguise their design. It became since Christianity, a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Mitelene. The Promontorium Sigaeum, or Cape Janizzari, lies near it.

Teneriffa, one of the Canary or Azores Islands in the Atlantick Ocean; over against Mauritania in Barbary; called by the Natives Theneriffe. It is about forty eight Spanish Leagues in Circumference. Fruitful, populous, rich, and has been subject to the Spaniards ever since 1496. The Ancients called this Nivaria; (as is supposed), because the top of its Point or Peak, which is thought the highest in the World, and very sharp, is rarely without Snow. This Peak is said to be fifteen Miles high: and may be seen one hundred and twenty English Miles at Sea. The principal Towns in it are Laguna and S. Croce. To which belongs an excellent Haven. Blake and English Admiral, April 20, in 1657, (notwithstanding a Castle, seven Forts, sixteen great Galeons, all well man'd and provided with Cannon and Ammunition, which threatned his inevitable Ruine) entred this Harbor: and in six hours time beat the Spaniards out of their Ships and Forts too. He put the English in possession of the vast Treasure of a West India Fleet: which they plundered; and burnt all those Spanish Ships they found. This Island is no less remarkable for having been made the first Meridian by many of the latter Geographers. § The Spaniards have given the same Name to a Town in the Province called Terra firma, in South America: standing near the Confluence of the Rivers S. Magdalena and S. Martha.

Tenez, a City and Kingdom towards the Coasts of the Mediterranean, and West of the Kingdom of Algiers; in Barbary.

Tengchieu, a City in the Province of Xantum in China; which stands upon the Chiman Ocean on the Bay of Nanquin; and is very strongly fortified. Long. 149. 00. Lat. 37. 00.

Teno, Tenos, Tine, an Island in the Archipelago, under the Venetians; who have been Masters of it above these three hundred years. It is a Latin Bishops See; and but few Greeks live here. In Pagan times it was famous for a Temple consecrated to Neptune. It produceth Wine, Figs, and Silk. Hath a Fortress and a City of its own Name, Teno: but Hydrusia and Ophiusa were the first and ancientest Names of this Island.

Tenterden, a Market Town in the County of Kent, in Scray Lath.

Tentyra, an Island and City in the Nile, in the Kingdom of Egypt: mentioned by Juvenal.

Teos, an Ancient City of Ionia in the Lesser Asia: which was a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Ephesus.

Ter. See Tech.

Teramo, Aprutium, a City of the Further Abruzzo, in the Kingdom of Naples; which is a Bishops See.

Terassa, the same with Tarsus.

Terbestan, the Caspian See.

Tercera, Tertiaria or Tertia, the principal of the Azores Islands: twenty five Miles from East to West, but not of equal breadth: about sixteen Leagues in circuit: surrounded with Rocks which render it difficult of Access. It lies forty Leagues from Teneriffe to the East. The chief City of this and all the Azores, is Angara; which is a Bishops See, and with Fort San Felippe under the Portuguese. From this Island the Azores are sometimes called the Tercera Isles. It is much subject to Farthquakes: and has a Fountain particularly remarkable for a virtue to petrifie Wood.

Tergowisch. See Targovisto.

Terki, Terchium, the principal City of Circassia, in Asia: in a well watered Plain; about one German Mile from the Caspian Sea to the West, sixty from Astracan to the South, and thirty six from Derbent to the North-West, Long. 76. 30. Lat. 45. 05. This City being some years since put into the hands of the Duke of Moscovy, has of late been carefully fortified as a Frontier against the Persians on that side. Olearius assures us it stands in Lat. 43. 23, in a Plain which bounds the sight upon the River Temenski; which issueth out of the Lake of Bustro, and facilitates the Correspondence between the Town and the Caspian Sea. The Town is fortified with Rampiers and Bastions of Earth; and has a Garrison of two thousand Russ, paid by the Great Duke.

Terlee, a famous Abbey for Women of the Order of S. Bernard, in the State of Holland: founded by the ancient Earls of Holland: a League and a half off Leyden; but broken and ruined since the Reformation there.

Termini, or Termuli, Termulae, Buca, a City in the Capitanata in the Kingdom of Naples; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Benevento: and stands upon the Adriatick Sea, at the Mouth of the River Tiferno, in the Borders of the Hither Abruzzo: thirty Miles from Lanciano to the East. § Also a Town in the Island of Sicily, upon a River of its own Name: risen out of the Ruines of the ancient City Himera; and called in Latin Writers Terminus Himeriorum. The River Termine bad the same ancient Name with the City.

Terna, Torna, a River which runs through Artois, and falls into the Canche at Hesdin.

Ternate, Ternata, the chief of the sive Molucco Islands. Now in the Hands of the Hollanders; tho it has a King of its own, who resides in the Town of Malay: the Dutch have some Ports in this Island, to secure its Possession. There are two ports belonging to it. The Island Tider lies within one League of it.

Terni, Interamna, an ancient Latin Colony, and a City of Ombra, in the States of the Church in Italy; which is a Bishops See, immediately under the Pope. It stands in a Plain upon the River Nare; twelve Miles from Spoleto to the South in the Road to Ancona; and has many rare Antiquities to shew.

Ternois, Ternensis Pagus, a small Tract in Artois, in the County of S. Paul; which takes its Name from Terna.

Ternova, Ternobum, a City of Bulgaria; mentioned by Gregoras and Calchondylas: now the Residence of the Turkish Sangiack, and anciently the Seat of the Despote. It stands upon the River Jantra or Ischar; near Mount Hemus, in the Borders of Thrace upon an Hill; and was heretofore very strong, but now neglected. Thirty German Miles from Adrianople to the North-West, and twenty five from Sophia to the North-East.

Terovanné, Tarvanna, Ternana, Civitas Morinorum, a City of Artois, in the Low-Countries; which was a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Reims, upon the River Leye; but being recovered out of the hands of the French by Charles V. in 1553. intirely ruined and never rebuilt. The Morini were its ancient Inhabitants. And we may observe, the year of its destruction by Charles V, is expressed in the Chronogram of these two Words, DeLetI MorInI. It stood six leagues from Bologne to the East, and two from S. Omers to the South. This Diocese was divided into three, viz. into that of Bologne, S. Omers and Ypres.

Terra Arctica, or the Artick Continent, comprehends New Denmark, Estoiteland, Hudsons-bay, Greenland, Spitzberg; and the undiscovered Regions beyond, or towards the Arctick Circle.

—Australis, a vast Country towards the Antarctick Circle: discovered in 1503, by a Frenchman of Honsleur in Normandy; who in a Voyage to the East-Indies, was driven upon the Eastern Coasts of it; and remaining for some time there, sound it to be cantoned into a number of petty Kingdoms; indifferently peopled: yielding several sorts of Roots for Dying, unknown in Europe; with wild Beasts, Fowl, Fish, &c. He calls it in the declaration of his Voyage, the South Indies. In 1615, James le Maure, a Native of Amsterdam, made a Discovery of another part of it, to the East of the Streights of his own Name: which he called Statenlandt: the same time that he discovered his own Streights and Mauritzlandt.

—di Bari, Apulia Peucetia, Barensis Ager, a Province of the Kingdom of Naples. Bounded on the North and East by the Adriatick Sea; on the West by Capitanata, cut off by the River Ofanto; on the South by the Basilicate and Otranto. This is a considerable part of that which the Ancients call Apulia Peucetia. The principal places in it are Andria, Bari, Bitonto, Conversano, Gravina, Molfetta, Ruvo, Trani and Biseglia. The French call it the Province de Bar.

—Firma, a Province of New Spain, in South America; upon the Isthmus of Panama.

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—del Fuego, an Island betwixt the Streights of Magellan and le Mair; in the uttermost parts of South America.

—di Lavoro, Terra Laboris, is a Province of the Kingdom of Naples, upon the Tyrrhenian Sea. Bounded on the North by Abruzzo, on the East by the Hither Principato, and on the West by the Sea. It is extremely fruitful; watered by the Garigliano and Volturno; and has the Happiness of Naples for its Capital. The other principal Places and Cities are Ischia, Gaeta, Caiazzo, Capua, Nola, Pozzuolo, Sora, Sorrento and Venafro. This Province contains a part of Campania Foelix, and of the ancient Latium.

—d' Otranto, Japygia, Jesso, Messapia, Calabria; Hydruntina, Santa, Terra. See Otranto, &c.

Terracina, Tarracina, Anxur, an ancient City in the States of the Church in Italy, in the Province of Campania di Roma, in the Borders of the Kingdom of Naples, at the Mouth of the River called il Portatore (Ʋfens,) upon the Tyrrhenian Sea. It has a Castle; but is a place of no Strength, by reason of a Mountain which commands it: It has a Harbor too; but of little use; the City being almost deserted by reason of the unhealthfulness of the Air. Sixty Miles from Rome to the West, and Naples to the East. A Bishops See immediately under the Pope. Long. 32. 2. Lat. 41. 18.

Terrain, Terin, Tara, a small River in the Isle of France, which watereth Beauvais: then falls into the Oise, a little above Creil in Beanvais.

Terring, a Market Town in the County of Sussex, in Bramber Rape; not far from the Sea.

Terne, a River in Shropshire, upon which Drayton is situated. It is a Boundary between that County and Staffordshire.

Terskoy Leporie, Tersa Leporia, the most Eastern part of Lapland: under the Russ; between the Frozen and the White Sea, and that part of Lapland which is under the Swedes. It is a desolate Country; has neither Towns nor Villages, though some Inhabitants.

Tervel, Tiar, Julia, Turulium, Turia, Terulum, a City of the Kingdom of Arragon, upon the River Turia; where it takes in the Alhambra; twenty four Leagues from Tortosa, and ten from Valencia. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tarragoza.

Teschin, Teschena, a small City in Silesia in Bohemia; called by the Inhabitants Tessin, by the Germans Teschin. It is the Capital of a Dukedom; upon the River Oelss, upon the Confines of Moravia; seven Miles from Ratibor to the South. The Dukedom of Teschin lies at the head of the Vistula: between the Lesser Poland to the East; Hungary to the South, Moravia to the West, and the Dukedom of Ratibor to the North.

Tesino, Tuinus, Ticinus, a celebrated River in Lombardy; which ariserh out of Mont de S. Godard, one of the Alpes; and flowing through the Lake called il Lago Maggiore, (Verbanus) towards the South, entereth the Dukedom of Milan: washeth the Walls of Pavia; then four Miles lower falls into the Po; preserving the clearness and perspicuity of the Stream four Miles further in that thick and troubled River, as Ferrarius faith.

Test, a River in Hampshire, which joins with the Itching at their common fall into the Ocean, near Southampton. Whitechurch, Stocksbridge, and Rumsey are all three situated upon it.

Tet, the same with Egli.

Tetrapolis, a Territory with four remarkable Cities in it, in the ancient Syria; viz. Antioch, Seleucia, Apamea, and Laodicea; therefore called Sisters to one another.

Tetuan, Teteguina, Tetuanum, a strong City which is a petty Republick in the North part of the Kingdom of Fez; twenty five Miles from the Mouth of the Streights of Gibraltar, and forty from Fez to the North.

Il Tevere. See Tiber.

Teverone, Anio, a River of Italy; which ariseth in Campania di Roma, three Miles above Trevi; and dividing the Ancient Latium from Sabina, falls into the Tiber, three Miles North of Rome.

Teutones, the Ancient Germans: from whom Germany took the Name of Teutschlandt. They sustained a long War with the Romans, and remained in the end the Invincible Enemies of that Empire. Lucan distinguisheth the Cantabri and them by their long and short Arms;

Cantaber exiguis aut longis Teutonus armis.

Teutschlandt, Terra Teutonica, one of the ancient Names of Germany.

Tewksbury, a Market Town and Borrough in Worcestershire: the Capital of its Hundred; represented in the lower H•use of Parliament by two Burgesses. The North Avon falls into the Severne here. It is watered with two Rivulets besides. In the year 1471, at this place was fought a memorable Battel betwixt the Houses of Lancaster and York, by King Henry VI, and his successor Edward IV; in which the former suffered an entire Defeat; and Edward the young Prince (only Son to King Henry VI.) was slain.

Texel, Texelia, a small Island at the Mouth of the Zuyder Zee; which has a strong Castle and a good Harbor on its South side. The usual place where the Dutch Fleet rendezvouz in times of War. Near it the Illustrious General Monk (afterwards Duke of Albemarle) beat the Dutch Fleet, July 31. 1653; slew their famous Admiral Van Trump; burnt and sunk twenty six of their Men of War, with the loss of only two small English Ships; and drove the rest into the Texel. Which being seen by the People from the Shore, prevented the usual Ceremony of a Thanksgiving for being beaten.

Teyder-Aa, Teydera, a River of Livonia in Litland; which watereth Adzal and Wolmer, then falls into the Bay of Livonia.

Teysterbandt, Testerbantum, a small County in the Dukedom of Cleves: towards the Maes, the Wael and the Rhine: in the North of Cleves, and on the Southern Border of Guelderland: which has been united to Cleves seven hundred years.

Thabor, a celebrated Mountain in Galilee, in Palestine: six Miles from Nazareth to the East; near the Plain of Esdrelon and the Valley of Iesreel; having the Brook of Endor springing from its foot. Josephus gives it the Height of thirty Greek Stadia; and the Plain upon the top of it, the compass of two thousand five hundred Paces; where the Wind blows very to hard and cold in the hottest Seasons. Here our Saviour honoured S. Peter, James and John with the View of his glorious Transfiguration: in memory whereof Helena, the Mother of Constantine the Great, built upon the place a stately Church with three small Chapppels, representing the three Tabernacles in S. Peter's Wish: which Chappels now are almost buried under the Ruines of the Church; saving one Altar, used sometimes for Mass by the Religious of Nazareth. Alexander Jannaeus, King of Judah, who began his Reign one hundred and three years before Christ, built a Fortress upon this Mountain; which probably continued till the time of our Saviour; and

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was the same with that, taken by Composition in the year after Christ 82, by Vespasian; when the Church and Chappels were demolished. These latter were reestablished in 1099, by Godfrey of Bouillon; and divided betwixt the Greek Calcyers and the Benedictine Monks; under a Bishop, a Suffragan to the Patriarch of Jerusalem. In 1187, Saladine took the Mountain and ruined its Works. In 1253, the Christians retook it; and Pope Alexander gave it to the Templars. But in 1290, it was finally lost from the Christians to the Sultan of Egypt. It stands in a round conical figure; with its sides to the West and South, full of Shrubs and Greens.

Thamar, Rha, the same with Wolgha.

Thame, a Market Town in Oxfordshire, upon the Borders of Buckinghamshire; which takes its Name from the River Thame (one of the Fountains of the Thames, joining with the Isis at Dorchester;) whose Branches almost encompass it, and are here covered with a Bridge leading into Buckinghamshire. It is the Capital of its hundred; and enjoys the Benefit of a Free-School, and a Hospital, founded by the Lord Williams of Thame.

Thames, Thamesis, Tamesis, Jamissa, the principal River of England. Which has this Name from the Thame and Isis, two smaller Rivers, its Fountains. The first of these arises in Buckinghamshire: the second in VViltshire. The second is far the greater; receives the VVindrush and the Evenclods before it arrives at Oxford; beneath that City, the Charwell a noble Flood; and at Dorchester it takes the Thame. Then sporting it self with vast turns, it watereth VVallingford, Reading, and Henly: dividing Buckinghamshire from Surrey, it watereth VVindsor: so passeth to Stanes in Middlesex: above which it takes in the Colne; and watering Hampton-Court, Kingston, Brentford and Chelsey; it gently glides between Westminster and London on the North, and Southwark on the South; where it is covered by one of the noblest Bridges in the World. More to the East it receives the Lea out of Essex; & being now able to bear vast Ships, it hasteth by Graves End into the German Ocean; between Essex to the North, and Kent to the South.

Thanet, Tan•tos, Thanatos & Athanatos in Solinus, a small Island on the Eastern Coast of Kent; surrounded on the South by the Sea; and on the West by the River Stoure, here called the Yenlade: about eight Miles long, and four broad. In this Island the Saxons first landed; and also S. Augustine the Monk. In 1628, Nicolas Lord Tufton was created Earl of Thanet by Charles I. Richard the fifth of this Family, succeeded in 1680.

Thaurn, Taurus.

Thaxted, a Market Town in the County of Essex, in the hundred of Dunmow.

Theaco, Ithaca, an Island in the Ionian Sea, betwixt Cephalonia, Sancta Maura, and the Curzolari; under the Venetians. The Italians call it Val di Compare. It reckons about fifteen thousand Inhabitants; a great part, banished persons from Zante, Cephalonia, and Corfu. It hath a spacious and safe Haven; but no City or good Town; only some Villages: and it pretends to shew the ruins of Penelope's House; supposing Ʋlysses to have been a Native of this Ithaca.

Thebe, Thebae, two celebrated Cities in Antiquity; in Egypt and Greece. That in Egypt received its ruin from Cornelius Gallus, Governour of Egypt. But the marks of its former Opulence, the number of its Inhabitants, its Conquests, the tribute and imposts it paid to the King, and to the Temples, remained engraved in Egyptian Characters upon Obelisks in Germanicus's time; who visited (as Tacitus says) the ruins of this City in his Travels. It contained one hundred and forty Stadia in Circuit, one hundred Gates; and according to those Obelisks, seven hundred thousand fighting Men. See Diospolis▪ § The other in B•eotia in Greece, hath ever pretended to challenge the ancient Cadmus for its Founder, about the year of the World 2620: nigh one thousand four hundred years before the coming of Christ. During which Interval, it was first adorned with the Title of a Kingdom. Next changed into a Republick of great Puissance; which maintained War against both the Athenians and Lacedaemonians; and over the latter gained a signal Victory by the conduct of their General Epamin•nd•s, at the Battel of Leuctra: when both h• and Cleombrotus General of the Lacedaemonians were slain. Philip K. of Macedon, Conquered this City, and Garrisoned it with Macedo•ians: whose yoak they regretted, till they revol ed, upon the death of that King And refusing to submit to his Son Alexander; He by •orce reconquering them, entirely •uined this City (saving the single House of the Poet Pindar) and divided the Lands amongst his Soldiers, •bout the year of Rome 419. and the CXI. Olympaid. Cassander, the Son of Antipater King of Macedonia, twenty years after, rebuilt it: and his work is par•ly standing at this day in the quality of a Village, under the Turks; but before those des•royers of Mankind possess'd it, it was the See of an Archbishop. See Stives.

Thebes. See Stives.

Theobalds, a Palace Royal of the Kings of England in H••fordshire, in the Hundred of Hartford; not •ar •rom Hodsdon on the Lea, and less from Waltham Abbey in Essex. It is delightfully situated amongst Groves and Springs. Sir William Cecil, Lord Treasurer of England, built it; and Robert Lord Cecil his Son, (of the same office to K. Jam I) much beautified it.

Theoskeposti, the Grotto in the Island of Patmos in the Archipelago, wherein S. John is said to have written his Apocalypse.

Thermia, Ferma, and Ferminea (as the Italians call it,) Polyaegas, an Island in the Archipelago towards Europe; which hath a considerable City of its own name, and a Castle: and a Spring of hot mineral Waters, not far from the Sea; from whence it took the name of Thermia.

Thermodon, the same with Pormon. §. The Ancients frequently mention a River in Scythia Europaea in the Country of the Amazons, of this name also.

Thermopylae, a Streight or narrow passage at the great Mountain Oeta, and the Gulph of Zyton, in the extreme Borders of the Province of Thessalia in Macedonia; leading into Phocis in Achaia: Now called Bocca di Lupo, or the Wolf's mouth. Of great fame in Antiquity, for being maintained by Leonidas, General of the Lacedaemonians with three or four hundred Men, against a vast Army of the Persians under Xerxes.

Thespia, an ancient City of Boeotia in Greece, near the Mountain Helicon. It has been a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Athens. But, as it lies now under the Tyranny of the Turks, a poor Village.

Thessalia, a very considerable Province of Macedonia toward the South. Bounded on the South by Achaia, (now Livadia); on the West by Epirus; on the North by Macedonia properly so called; and by the Archipelago and the Bay of Thessalonica to the East. The Capital City of which is Larissa: now called Comenolitari by Castaldus, and by Brietius Janna: under the Turks. It had in the beginning Kings of its own. Next, it became subject to the Macedonians and Romans. It had Marquesses of its

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own, in the latter part of the times of the Greek Emperors: Bonifacius being made Marquess of Thessalia, in 1210: whose Posterity possessed it till about 1380. When Amurath Conquered the greatest part of this Country, and his Posterity still enjoy it. It is incompassed by the Olympus, Pindus, Ossa, and Oeta; (four great Mountains:) its Inhabitants were in the ancient Times so famous for their Chivalry, that Philip of Macedon sought and obtained the Dominion of it chiefly on that account. Very fruitful, reasonably well Peopled, and for the most part inhabited by Christians.

Thessalonica, a great Maritim City of Macedonia; the Metropolis of that ancient Kingdom, called of old Thermae, now Salonichi. It has had the fortune to keep up something of its ancient Greatness and Wealth: still an Archbishops See, and a populous City; defended by ancient Walls and a Castle; and blessed with a large safe Haven. The greatest part of its Inhabitants are Jews. It stands at the foot of an Hill, upon a small River, at the bottom of a Bay called by its own name: two hundred and twenty Miles from Durazzo to the East, three hundred and fifty from Constantinople to the South-West, and two hundred and thirty from Athens to the North. Long. 47. 50. Lat. 42. 10. S. Paul Converted it to the Christian Faith, and wrote two Epistles to it about the year of Christ 52. Timothy was sent by S. Paul to instruct and confirm them in the same Faith. In 390. Theodosius the Great slew seven thousand of its Inhabitants for a Tumult. In 895. It was taken and sacked by the Saracens: In 1423. it was sold to the Venetians. In 1431. Amurath II. took it from them. In the year 1688. the Venetians bombarded it, till the Inhabitants submitted to the Contributions demanded of them.

Thetford, Sitomagum, Sciani, a small but very ancient Roman Town in the County of Norfolk: upon the little Ouse; in the Borders of the County of Suffolk. Twenty Miles from Norwich to the South-West, seventeen from Ely to the East, and eight from Bury to the North. This ancient Town was sacked by Sweno the Dane, in 1004. and suffered more from them in 1010. About 1047. the Bishops See of the East-Angles was removed hither from Elmham. Herebert, the next Bishop, removed in 1067. to Norwich. The Conqueror in his Survey sound two hundred Houses soon after empty: ever since it has been decaying: yet it is a Corporation, sends two Burgesses to Parliament, and gave the Title of a Viscount to the Right Honourable Henry Bennet Earl of Arlington. The Lent Assizes for the County are usually kept here.

Thiano, a ruined City in the Province called Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples: which had a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Benevento.

Thienen, Atheniensis Legio, Tenae, and Tillemontium, is a Town of Brabant: called by the French Tillemont; upon the small Rivolet Geet, (which beneath Hallen falls into the Demere,) about six Leagues from Namur to the North, and a little more from Brussels to the East. Now a great Town: and formerly of great Import and Trade; as appears by this, that her Walls have been thrice inlarged. In the late Wars (saith Guicciardin) between the French, Liegeois and Low Countries, it has been much wasted; and in part desolated, though the Inhabitants enjoy great Privileges. In 1578. this Place was ceded to Don John of Austria. In 1635. taken by the French.

Thionville, Divodurum, Theodonis Villa, a City in the Dukedom of Luxemburgh; called by the Germans, Diedenhoven. It is a small, but very strong Place, and stands upon the Moselle: four Leagues from Mets to the North, nine from Trier to the South-West, and about eleven from Montmedi to the East. This Place was much beloved and frequented by Charles the Great, as Eginhard saith. He ordinarily assembled the Nobility and Clergy of his Estates here: and particularly in 806, when he parted his Kingdom amongst his three Sons. In 835. a Council at this City deposed the Archbishop of Rheims, as Author of an attempt against the Person of Lewis the Debonaire K. of France; whom the said Archbishop and his Adherents had deprived of Royal Dignity. In 844. Charles the Bald assisted at another Council here. In the latter Times it was often taken by the French: who ever since 1644. have intirely possessed it; the Peace of the Pyrenees confirming it to them.

Thorax, a Mountain near the City Manissa in Lydia, in the Lesser Asia.

The Christians of S. Thomas, an ancient Church of the Eastern Christians about Goa, Meliapour, Cranganoor, &c. in the Hither East-Indies: Which claiming its Establishment from the Apostle S. Thomas (whose Body is pretended to be preserved at Goa,) keeps it self at an entire Independency from the Laws and Rites of both the Roman and Greek Churches: whose several Founders (it says) were the Heads of the Churches of their own Foundations; but no more; and so S. Thomas was the Head of Theirs. In 1546. Dom Juan Albuquerque a Franciscan, Archbishop of Goa, erected a College at Cranganoor, for the conversion of these Christians to the Church of Rome. In 1587. the Jesuits established another, one League from Cranganoor. And in 1559. Meneses, Archbishop of Goa and Primate of the East, was employed in a grand Mission hither to promote the same Conversion. But the Christians of S. Thomas will not, by all the endeavours that are used, be induced to forsake the ancient Customs of their Forefathers. They use the Chaldee language in their Offices. Acknowledge the Patriarch of Babylon for their Chief. Practise their own Ceremonies; and in matters of Faith are Nestorians.

Thongcaster, an ancient Town in the division of Lindsey in Lincolnshire: upon the side of a Hill. Owing its rise to a Castle, said to be built here with the permission of Vortiger the British Prince by Hengist the Saxon, after his Victory over the Picts and Scots.

Thorn, Torunium, a City of Prussia Regalis, upon the Vistula; four Polish Miles from Culm, twenty two from Dantzick to the South, and twenty nine from Warsaw to the North-West. This was once an Imperial and Free City, under the protection of the Teutonick Order, whom some make the Founders of it in 1234: but in 1454. it put it self into the Hands of the Poles, who have granted it great Privileges. Nicolas Copernicus, the great Astronomer, was a Native of this Place. Albert King of Poland, died here in 1501. In 1645. there was a Conference here between the Lutherans, Calvinists, and Roman Catholicks; which had no success. In 1655. this Place was taken by the Swedes: retaken by the Poles in 1658. by a Siege of six Months.

Thornbury, a Market Town in Gloucestershire. The Capital of its Hundred.

Thorne, a Market Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire, in the Hundred of Strafford.

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Thorney-I•e, a small Island, to the East of Portsmouth, in Hampshire.

Thou, a Castle in Champagne; giving name to the ancient and Honourable Family de Thou, which produced the Historian, Jacobus Augustus Thuanus in the last Century; born in 1553. made Counsellor of State to Henry IV. of France and Commissioner, at the Conference of Fontainbleau in 1600; he composed a noble History of his times from 1543. to 1608. in one hundred thirty eight Books in Latin, and dyed May 17 1617. in great Honor.

Thovars, Duracium, a City of Poictou in France, upon the River Tove: six Leagues beneath Salmur to the South, towards Rochelle, and the Confines of Anjou. It gives the Title of a Duke: and was lately beautified by a magnificent Castle, built by the Duke de Tremolle.

Thoura, Aremone, or Emmone, Armenia the Less in Asia.

Thrapston, a Market-Town in Northamptonshire, in the Hundred of Navisford, upon the Eastern Banks of the River Nen.

Thrasymene, a Lake in Hetruria (now in Ombria) in the States of the Church: upon the Borders of the Dukedom of Thuscany, seven Miles from Perugia. Hannibal obtained a Victory over Flaminius, a Consul, at this Lake. It is now called the Lake of Perugia, di Castiglione, and di Passignano.

The Three Churches in Turcomannia or Armenia Major, are three famous Monasteries, near to one another, three Leagues from the City Erivan, upon the Borders of Persia: where the Patriarch of the Armenian Christians, attended by his Archbishops and Bishops living in Community, resides under the protection of the King of Persia. They are much visited by the Caravans that pass that way; receive for their maintenance yearly, a small rent of every Christian of the age of 15. and are allowed by the King of Persia, steeples and ornaments to their Churches. One of these Monasteries is a Nunnery for Women. The Turks call the place, Eguriasin.

Thrusk or Thirsk, a Market Town and Borough in the North Riding of Yorkshire, and the Hundred of Budforth. It had antiently a strong Castle for its security; and now is represented in Parliament by two Burgesses.

Thryn, a River in the County of Norfolk.

Thule, is commonly understood to be Iseland in the Northern Ocean, or Schetland.

Thur, or Dur, Durus, a River of Switzerland: which ariseth in the Valley of S John: and watering Durgow, falls into the Rhine; two Miles above Eglisow in the Canton of Zurick. Plantinus saith, it falls into the Rhine at Schellenburgh.

Tibarent, an ancient People, mentioned by Strabo and Pliny, towards the Euxine Sea, and Cappadocia in the Lesser Asia. Neighbours to the Chalybes.

Tiber, Tiberis, is one of the most noted Rivers of Italy; in the most ancient Times called Albula. In those of the Roman Empire, it separated Hetruria from Umbria, Sabina, and Latium. At this day, called by the Italians, Tevere; by the French, le Tibre. It ariseth from Falterona, (one of the Apennine Hills) near Monte Corvaio, (a Village in the Dukedom of Florence; in the Borders of the Ecclesiastical State, and of Romandiola, twelve Miles from Sarsina to the South:) Running South it watereth Santo Sepulchro, and beneath it takes in the Chersone: then entering the States of the Church in Ombria, it takes in the Nicone, Carpina, and Reggia: and watering Perugia, beneath it admits the Chiascio, Nestore, Paglia, and Nera: Passing into S. Peter's Patrimony, it is augmented by the Treggia, Aia, Farfa, and the Teverone: then it passeth through Rome; divides the Patrimony from Campania di Roma; and at Ostia falls into the Tyrrhenian Sea, one hundred Miles from its Fountains. It had heretofore two Months. The Southern is now stopped, with the Porto or Haven, which the Emperours made with vast expence: The Northern Branch is not maintained without a considerable expence by the Pope at this day.

Tiberias, an ancient City of Galilee, in Palestine; upon the Western Shoar of the Sea of its own name, otherwise called the Lake of Genezareth. Herod gave them both this name to flatter the Roman Emperour Tiberius.

Tickhall, a Market Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire, in the Hundred of Strafford.

Ticou, Ticum, a City in the Island of Sumatra, on the West side; one hundred and eighty Miles from Malaca. Long. 125. almost. It has a large Haven; subject to the King of Achem.

Tideswal, a Market Town in Derbyshire, in the Hundred of High Peak.

Tidor, one of the Molucco Islands.

Tienlique, a small Kingdom included in Bisnagar, in the East-Indies.

Tierache, Teoracia, Tirascia, a Tract in Picardy in France; between Hainault to the North, Champagne to the East, Vermandois to the West, and Laonnois to the South. The Chief Towns of which are, la Fere, Guise, Marle, and la Chapelle.

Tiferno, Tifernus, Phit•rnus, a River in the Kingdom of Naples, now called il Biferno also. It ariseth in the County of Molise, from the Apennine, near Bojano: and flowing Eastward watereth Guardia Alferes: and at Termini, a City in the Capitanato, falls into the Adriatick Sea.

Tigre, a Kingdom of Abyssinia in the Ʋpper Aethiopia, of great extent. It includes seventeen Provinces; some, with the Titles of Kingdoms. Bannagasso lyes upon the North side of it, next to Egypt.

Tiibury, Tilaburgum, a Town on the Thames in Essex: famous for the Residence of S. Chad, Bishop of the East-Angles, when about 630. he Converted and Baptized that Nation. Also for an Encampment here made by Qu. Elizabeths Order, in 1588. when the Spanish Armado was expected.

Tilemont, the same with Thienen.

Tileusont, a Town in Brabant: Pillaged by the French and Hollanders, in 1635.

Timavo, Timavus, a River of Friuli; which arising from nine Fountains, falls presently into the Adriatick Sea, with a great Stream; between Thieste to the East, and the Mouth of Isonzo to the West; after a Course of about three Miles.

Timerais, Theodemerensis Ager, a Tract in France; which was a part of la Beausse and Chartres: now taken into the Isle of France. It lies between Normandy, Chartres, and la Perche: but its Bounds are lost. The Capital of it is Neufchastel. Eighteen Leagues from Paris to the West, and twenty from Orleans to the North.

Tine, Tinia, a City of Bosnia, by the Natives called Kerka: upon a River of the last Name: which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Spalato. It is little, and ill peopled, being under the Turkish Slavery. Twenty five Miles from Sebenico to the North, and thirty five from Spalato.

Tine or Tyne, the River. See Tinmouth.

Tingmouth, a very small, naked, and defenceless Town upon the British Sea, Eastward of Torbay in Devonshire, in the Hundred of Exmister; burnt, (with some Vessels in the Port) by a Detachment out of the French Fleet, July 26. 1690; two days after the Anchorage of that Fleet in Torbay; whither they came from the fight at Beachy July 22. and •ailed away Aug. the 4th. and 5th. following: being with their Gallies about one hundred and fifteen Sail.

Tingoeses, a Tribe or Hoard of Tartars towards the River Obb, in the Asiatick Tartary: subject to the Moscovites.

Tinmouth, Tunnocellum, Tinomuthum, a considerable Sea-Port and Castle: in the Borders of Northumberland, and the Bishoprick of Durham: upon the River Tyne, which divides these two Counties, and here falls into the German Sea, having passed by Newcastle, called from it, New-Castle upon Tine. In the Reign of William II. Robert Mowbray, (Earl of Northumberland) trusting too much to the strength of this Castle, was taken Prisoner by that Prince after a sharp Siege.

Tipasa, an ancient City of Mauritania Caesariensis, in Barbary▪ which was a Bishops See, made particularly famous in the year 484. (when Cyrola a great Patriarch of the Arrians, was its Bishop) by Hunnericus King of the Vandals his cutting out the Tongues of all the Inhabitants, that would not turn Arrians; and the miracle thereupon said to ensue. It is now but a Village, near Algiers. Called Saza.

Tipora, a City and Kingdom in the Further East-Indies: Bounded by Pegu and Arracan to the North and West.

Tipperary, a County in the Province of Munster, in Ireland; called by the Irish, Cuntae Thobruidearum; by the English, the County of Tipperary; that is, the Holy Cross. Bounded on the East by Kilkenny; on the West by Limerick; on the South by Waterford and Cork; and on the North by Gallway, cut off from it by the Shannon. The Principal Places in it are Cashel, Caryck, Clonmel, Emeley, and Castelan. It is one of the Titles, (as a great part of it is the Possession) of the Duke of Ormond.

Tirconnel, or Tyrconnele, Conalia, a Castle and County in the Province of Ʋister in Ireland. Bounded on the South, West, and North, by the Vergivian Ocean: and on the East by Tyrone and Colrane. Also called the County of Dunghall. The Country is Champain, and full of Harbours. It extends from North-East to South-West, above eighty English Miles; almost thirty five broad. So that it seems to be one of the greatest Counties in Ireland. But it has no considerable Place in it, except Dunghall, the River Dirgh, and the Lake of Foyle, separating it from the rest of Ʋlster.

Tiretaine, a River in the Province of Auvergne in France.

Tisindon, Andanius, Bagrada, a River in Persia; which falls into the Persian Gulph, over against the Isle of Ormus. The latter Maps place it more to the South than Ormus.

Tivedale, Teviotia, a County in the South of Scotland, in the Borders of England; between Twedal and Marche to the North, Northumberland to the South, and Annandale to the West. The principal Places in it are Jedburgh, and Roxburgh.

Tiverton, a Market Town and Borough, represented in Parliament by two Burgesses, at the fall of the River Leman into the Ex. The Capital of its Hundred in Devonshire.

Tivy, Tuerobius, a River of Wales; which at Cardigan falls into the Irish Sea, between the Counties of Cardigan and Pembroke.

Tlafcala, a City and Province in New Spain in America. Called likewise los Angeles.

Tmolus. See Tomalitze.

Toam, Tuam, Tuama, a City of the County of Clare in Conaught, in Ireland; call'd also Towmond; which in ancient times was the Capital of that Province; but now reduced to a mere Village. It is an Archbishops See still, and gives the Title of an Earl. Twenty two Miles from Gallway to the South.

Tocat, Tochata, the Capital City of Cappadocia; an Archbishops See, and the Residence of the Turkish Governour; called of old Neocaesarea. It is great, strong, and populous, upon the River Casal: forty five German Miles from Trebisonde to the South-West. Long. 63. 28. Lat. 43. 58. The Province is now called by this Name.

Todi, Tuder, Tudertum, a City of Ombria, in the Dutchy of Spoleto, upon the Tiber; twenty Miles from Perugia to the North, and the same distance from Narnia to the South: a Bishops See, and a City of great Antiquity. Pope Martin I. was its Native.

Tokay, Tokaeum, a City of the Ʋpper Hungary: at the Confluence of the Bodroch and the Tibiscus, in an Island; and thereupon subject to be overflow'd: It is withal a strong Place; has a very strong Castle, and in a fruitful Country, which produceth an excellent sort of Wine. Thirty Miles from Cassovia to the South, and as many from Agria to the East. Being taken by the Turks, it was recovered by the Imperialists in 1564. In 1682. it submitted to Tekely. In 1685. it was retaken by the Imperial Forces. This City was granted to Bethlehem Gabor, Prince of Transylvania, by Ferdinand II▪ in 1620.

Tolen, a Town in Zeeland, in the Ʋnited Netherlands.

Tolentino, Tolentinum, a City in the Marcia Anconitana, in the States of the Church; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Fermo, by the Institution of Pope Sixtus V. in 1586. Since which, it hath been united with the See of Macerata in the same Province. It is little, but indifferently populous; upon the River Chienti. Ten Miles from Macerata to the North-West, towards Camerino fifteen.

Tolne, Tolna, a City in the Lower Hungary, a little beneath Colocza, upon the Danube; six Hungarian Miles from Simathorne to the East, and the same distance from Esseck to the North. In the Emperours Hands.

Tolosa, Tolosetta, Tolosa, a Town in Spain, in the Province of Guipuscoa; at the foot of the Pyrenean Hills, upon the River Orio: four Leagues from S. Sebastian to the East. A Place of good Consideration.

Tolose, Tholouse, Tolosa, Tolosatium, Tolosa Tectosagum, a City of Aquitain of great Antiquity; the Capital of the Province of Languedoc in France, the Seat of the Parliament, an Archbishops See, and an University. It stands upon the Garonne, over which it has a beautiful Stone-bridge: eight Leagues from Montauban to the South, eleven from Aux to the East, and twenty two from Narbonne to the West. This Archbishoprick was taken out of that of Narbonne by Pope John XXII. in 1317. The University Founded in 809. The second of note in that Kingdom. The Parliament was opened here in 1302. in the time of Philip le bel; and re-established by Cha. VII. King of France. Near this City it is supposed the dreadful Battel was fought between Attila, (King of the Huns) and Aetius, the Roman Lieutenant, in the Year of Christ 451: in which there perished five hundred thousand Men; and Aetius, the Victor. This City and Province being recovered out of the Hands of the Moors by Charles Martel, Charles the Great in 779. granted it to one Thursin, with the Title of an Earl. It continued under Earls for eighteen Descents, (who particularly were famous for assisting the Albigenses in their Wars;) till 1270. when it was reunited to the Crown of France. The present King of France had taken up a design to make a Channel for Boats from this City to the Lake of Maguelone: that so it might be a kind of Centre of Trade, between the Mediterranean and the Ocean; but with what success I know not. In the year 1119. Pope Calixtus II. presided at a Council at this City. Besides, which it hath been honor'd with divers other Councils. The Tectosagi were its ancient Inhabitants.

Tomalitze, Tmolus, a Mountain in Lidia, in the Lesser Asia; which yields Wine and Saffron. The River Pactolus flows from it.

Tomar, Nabantia, Tacubis, a Town in Portugal; in the Province of Extremadura, upon the River Nabaon; two Leagues from the Tajo.

Tonderen, Tundera, a City in the Dukedom of Sleswick, under the Duke of Holstein Gotthorp; one German Mile from the German Ocean, and four from Ripen to the South.

Tone, a River in Somersetshire: upon which Taunton, Wellington, Wivercomb, and North Curry, are all situated.

Tongres, Tungri, Aduatuca Tungrorum, Aduaca, Atuacutum, a very great City in the Itinerary of Antoninus; now a Town in the Bishoprick of Leige; called by the Germans, Tongren: it stands upon the River lceker, four Leagues from Liege, and three from Maestricht. Attila ruined it, and the Normans after him. It had anciently a Bishops See; which was transferred to Maestricht, and thence to Liege.

Tonningen, Toninga, a small City in the Dukedom of Sleswick; upon the River Erder; in the Borders of Ditmarsh. Six Miles from Sleswick: Under the Duke of Holstein Gotthorp.

Topazus, an Island in the Red-Sea, about forty Miles from the Continent; where the Topaz or Chrysolite Stone is found in plenty. It takes its name from its product. Pliny mentions a Topaz of this place, four Cubits long; of which Ptolemy Philadelphus K. of Egypt made the Statue of his Queen Arsinoe.

Topino, Tinia, a River of Italy, which ariseth near Nocera, from the Apennine; and flowing through Ombria, watereth Fuligno; taking in il Clinno: then falls into the Chiascio, and with it into the Tiber, four Miles from Perugia.

Tor. See Eltor.

Tor, a River in Somersetshire. Glassenbury is situated upon it.

Toralea or Torre, Turritana, an old Roman Town in the Island of Sardinia; which became the See of an Archbishop. But it hath lost that Dignity since the year 1441. when Pope Eugenius IV. removed the See to Sessari, twelve Miles from it to the North.

Torcello, Torcellum, a City in the States of Venice; which is a Bishops See, under the Patriarch of Venice: in an Island five Miles North of Venice, and not much inhabited by reason of the badness of the Air. This See was brought hither from Altino, in 635, which the Huns had ruined. In 1582, and 1628. Synods were held here.

Torgaw, Torgavia, a City of Misnia, in the Dukedom of Saxony, upon the Elbe: seven German Miles from Meissen to the North, five from Witteberg, and six from Leipsick, Commended much for excellent Beer.

Tormes, Tormis, a River in the Kingdom of Leon in Spain: arising in a Village called Tormellas, near the Mountain del Varco de Avila: and flowing North and North-West, washeth Alva de Tormes, Salamanca, and Ledesma: after a Course of twenty six Leagues, and the Reception of fourteen small Rivers, it falls into the Douro, beneath Miranda de Douro.

Tornaw, Torne, Torna, a County and City in the Ʋpper Hungary; called by the Germans, Dorn. The City stands four Miles from Cassovia to the West.

Tornburg, Torda, a Town in the principality of Transylvania.

Le Tornaisis, Tornacensis Ager, a small Territory in the Earldom of Flanders; between Hainault to the East, and Lille to the West; by the Schelde. It is a part of the Gallick Flanders: and has this Name from Tournay, its principal City. In the Hands of the French ever sin•e 1667.

Torne, Torna, a City in Sweden, in the Province of Bothinia; at the bottom of the Botner Sea, upon which it has a large and frequented Haven. From its Site sometime called Torne Lapmark, being near Lapland.

Tornus, Tornu, Tinurtium, Trenorchium, a Town in the Dukedom of Burgundy; which has a celebrated Abbey. Six Leagues from Mascon to the North, and five from Challon to the South. In 944. and 1109. Councils were held in this Abbey.

Toro, Octodurum, Taurum, a City of Leon in Spain, upon the Douro: little, and dayly decays: being not walled, nor much inhabited. It stands between Zamora to the East, and Valadolid to the West eight Spanish Leagues. Near this Place the Spaniards overthrew the Portuguese in 1476. John II. King of Castile was born here in 1405.

Torreglia, a Sovereign Marquisate, between the Dutchy of Milan and the States of Genoua.

Torrington, a Market Town in Devonshire, in the Hundred of Tremington, upon the River Towridge. Honor'd with the Title of an Earldom first in the Person of the late Duke of Albemarle.

Torsil, Torsilia, a small City in Sudermania, in Sweden; eleven Swedish Miles from Stockholm, to the West.

Torso, Thyrsus, a River of Sardinia.

Torto, Hiemera, a River of Sicily.

Tortona, Dertona, Terdona, Tertona, Tordona, a City of Lombardy; in the Dukedom of Milan, upon the River Scrivia. A Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Milan. Frederick Aenobarbus, Emperor of Germany, sacked this Place: which though rebuilt by the Milanese, yet never recovered its ancient greatness. In 1642. it was taken by the French: recovered the next year by the Spaniard; who in 1654. built a strong Castle in it, for its defence. It is the Capital of il Tortonese, which lies between the Apennine and the Po: Having Pavia on the East, and the States of Genoua on the West and South: from which the City of Tortona lies eight Miles to the North, ten from Alessandria, twenty five from Pavia, and forty five from Placenza. In 1595. a Synod was held here.

Tortosa, Dertosa, Dertusa, Dertossa, a City of Catalonia, of great Antiquity: a Principality, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tarragona. It stands upon the Ebro; three Leagues from its Mouth, fifteen from Tarragona to the South-West, and from Ilerda to the South. Small, but Strong. In 1649. it was taken by the French. In 1652. returned under the Spaniards. It has a strong Castle, and a large Haven; but not much frequented, as appears by the decay of the Town. In 1429, a Council was celebrated here.

Tortosa, Antaradus, Orthosia, Constantia, a City of Phoenicia, upon the Mediterranean Sea; which was a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tyre; between, Balanca to the North thirty four Miles, and Tripoli to the South twenty eight. Now almost intirely deserted, and ruined by the Turks.

Tosa, Athiso, a River of Milan, which ariseth from S. Gothard's Mount: and flowing South, watereth Ocella and Vogogna; then burieth it self in the Lake called il Lago Maggiore, or Long-See.

Toscanella, Tuscia, Tuscania, Tyrrhenia, Salumbrona, an antient and considerable City heretofore, in the Dukedom of its own name, in Italy: which was a Bishops See; and gave all these Popes to the Church of Rome, Eutichianus, Paschal I. Leo I. John I. Lucius III. Leo VI. Boniface VI. and Paul III. It had been besieged sixteen times. Now, entirely ruined; and its See united with Viterbo.

Totness, a Corporation in Devonshire, in the Hundred of Colridge, upon the River Dart: six Miles from the Fall thereof into the Ocean. It had the honour to be an Earldom in the Person of George Lord Carew of Clopton, (Son of Dr. George Carew, Dean of Windsor and Archdeacon of Totness) created Earl of Totness by K. Charles I. in 1625: who dying without Issue, K. Charles II. advanced this Place from an Earldom to a Viscounty, in favour of his Son Charles Fitz-Charles, Earl of Plymouth.

Toul, Tullum, a City of Lorain, upon the Moselle; five Leagues from Nancey to the West, six from Bar le Duc, and twelve from Mets to the South. Made an Imperial and Free City by Henry I. But in 1652, fell into the Hands of the French. It is also a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Trier. Charles the Bald, King of France, celebrated a Council here in 859. In 1515. and 1615. other Synods were held at this City.

Toulon, Tolonium, Tolenium, Taurentium, Telo, a City of Provence in France; called by the Italians Tolone. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Arles: well fortified, populous, inriched by a large and safe Harbour, and a great naval Magazine; being the station for the Mediterranean Fleets of France. It stands ten Leagues from Marseilles to the East: and in an improving condition. Henry IV. King of France walled it, and added two Moles to the Port.

Toupinambous, Tupinimbae, Toropinambartii, Indians of Brasil in South America.

Touque, Tolca, a River of Normandy; which watereth Lisieux, and Pont l' Evesque; and then falls into the British Sea.

Touraine, Turonia, Turones, a Province in France, in the Generalité of Orleans; which is divided by the Loyre, and honored with the Title of a Dukedom: Little, (about thirty Leagues long and broad;) but very fruitful, and well watered with the Loyre, Cher, Indre, Indrois, Vienne, &c. therefore called the Garden of France. On the North it is bounded by La Maine; on the West by Anjou and Poictou; on the South by the last, and le Berry; and on the East by Blaisois. The principal Places are Tours, Amboise, Chinon, and Loches.

Tournay, Tornacum, a City of Gallia Celtica; now in Flanders, and called by the Natives, Dornick. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Cambray, ever since 1559, having before been under the Archbishop of Reims; and in more antient times (about 623.) united with the See of Noyon; which continued till the year 1147. or 48. when Pope Eugenius III. at the Prayer of S. Bernard made it a separate Bishoprick. This City stands upon the Schelde; nine Leagues from Cambray to the North, and ten from Gant to the South: in the middle between Donay and Oudenard; also between Valencienne and Courtray, in the Borders of Hainault. It is a very strong Place, and has a noble Castle, said to have been anciently built by the English. It belonged to the Crown of France till 1521, taken by Charles V. In 1667. it was retaken by the French; and has been ever since in their Hands, by the Peace at Aix la Chapelle: Antoninus mentions it in his Itinerary. It hath besides the Cathedral ten Parishes, ten Abbeys, and divers Religious Houses. In 1520. and 1643. Synods were assembled here. There is a Territory belonging to it, called by its Name.

Tournon, Turnonium, Taurodunum, a Town in the Province of Vivaretz in France, upon the Rhone: adorned with the Title of an Earldom; a Collegiate Church, a College of the Jesuits, and some Religious Houses.

Touvre, Tolvera, a famous Fountain and River in France, in the Dukedom of Angoumois; which falls into the Charente, near Angoulesine.

Towcester, a Market Town in Northamptonshire. The Capital of its Hundred; in a Valley; upon the Banks of a small River running into the Ouse. Mr. Cambden understands it to be the antient Tripontium; to which, three Bridges over so many streams of this River cutting through the Roman Port-way, (which shews it self often betwixt this Place and Stony Stratford,) assigned that Name. In the year 917. the Danes besieged this Town in vain. It is adorned with a fair Church.

The Tower of Babel. The Prospects to the North and South of the Ruines of this famous Fabrick, taken upon the Place by Petro della Valle, are engraved by Kircher (to whom he presented them) in his Book, Turris Babel, written purposely upon them. They are believed to be the Ruins of Babel, by the constant Tradition of the Country thereabouts; confirmed by their situation in the Plains of Shinar in Chaldaea; the same Place; and by their Construction in the most solid parts with Burnt-brick and Slime, the same Matter with Babel, expressed in Gen. xi. 2. 3. The Basis of them approaches nigh to a Square; containing in circuit about 1150 Paces; and the height terminates almost every where in Pyramidal Points. First built by the general concurrence of the Families of the Sons of Noah under Nimrod, (whether for an Asylum against a second Deluge, or a Memorial of the former, and of their Names to continue after their separation into several Parts, none know;) according to Chronologers, about the hundred and seventieth year after the Flood of Noah. Whereof the Greek and Latin Poets, after many Ages coming to a confused sense, they embellished the Story with Fictions of Giants scaling Heaven, upon Mountains laid upon Mountains. It seems, the Undertaking was so displeasing (by the History of Genesis) to God; that to stop it he broke the one common universal Speech of the Builders, into all the jarring and disconsonant Languages of Mankind at this day.

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The Tower of Leander, a square Fortress upon a Rock, in the midst of the Hellespont; betwixt the Point of the Seraglio at Constantinople, and Scutari on the other side in Asia. Yielding a charming Prospect of the City, and Country about, Constantinople. The Turks guard it with several Pieces of Canon: calling it in their Language, Khescalasi, the Castle of the Young Maid, (as the Europeans do the Tower of Leander); in allusion to the story of Hero and Him; tho it stands in a quite different place, than where Leander by the Relation did swim.

Towridge, a River in Devonshire; upon which Torrington, Bediford, and Hatherley, are all situated.

Traerback, a Town upon the Moselle, in the County of Spanheim, eighteen Miles from Luxemburgh, between Trier and Coblentz. The King of France's erecting a new Fort over against this Place in 1687, occasioned a great Dispute in the Imperial Diets, whether it was not a Violation of the twenty years Truce: tho he erected it upon the Grounds, re-united to his Crown.

Tragonara. The same with Dragonara.

Trajanopolis. See Islenos. § There was another ancient City of this Name in the Island of Sicily. An Archbishops See, in the time of Pope Gregory the Great. The Greeks called it Draginae.

Trajeto, Trajectum, an Episcopal City in the Terra di Lavaro, in the Kingdom of Naples.

Tralles, an ancient City of Lydia in the Lesser Asia: which was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Ephesus, or Sardis. Entirely now ruined.

Trani, Tranium, Trana, a City in the Province di Bari, in the Kingdom of Naples; which is great and populous; the See of an Archbishop. It stands in a fruitful Soil, upon the Adriatick Sea; and had heretosore a great Haven, which is now stopped with Sand. Frederick II. built a strong Castle in it to defend it against the Saracens. In 1589. a Provincial Council was held here. Long. 40. 39. Lat. 41. 15.

Transchin, a County in the Ʋpper Hungary, upon the River Vag: betwixt Silesia to the North, Moravia to the South, Turocz to the West, and Neytracht to the East. Its capital Town bears the same name.

Tranfissalane. See Over-Yssel.

Trapano, or Trapani, Drepanum, a City in Sicily, in the Valley of Mazara; which is a celebrated Mart, and has a large and safe Harbor on the Western Shoar of that Island. Twenty two Miles from the Cape di Coco, (or the most Western Point) to the North-East, and fifty five from Palermo to the South-West. The Rock or petty Island of Colombara stands very near it, to the South; fortified with a strong Cittadel. This City is built at the foot of the Mountain Eryx (now Trapano); near the Ruines of the antient City Eryx (which yet appear and are called Trapano Vecchio, the old Trapano); in the figure of a Sickle, according to the signification of its name in Greek, and that of Ovid,

Quique locus curvae nomina falcis habet.

The Coral, fished up here, is good.

Trau, Tragurium, a small City and Port in Dalmatia, called by the Sclaves Troghir. Strong and well peopled; and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Spalato. It stands in a small Island of the same Name: but joined to the Continent by a Bridge seventy Miles from Zara, and twelve from Salona. Subject to the Venetians ever since 1420.

Travanor, Travancorum, a City and Kingdom in the Province of Mallabar in the East-Indies; sixty Miles from Comorin to the North, and fifty from Coulan to the South; subject to the King of Coulan.

Travaux, Sinus Laborum, a Bay upon the Coast of America Magellanica, near Porto Desire: the Spaniards call it Boia de los Marabaios: others the White Bay, and S. George's Bay:

Trave, Treva, a River of Holstein, in the Province of Wagaren; which watereth Ploen, Segeberg, Oldesloh, Reinfelde, Lubeck, and Travemond; and separating Holstein from Mecklenburg, falls into the Baltick Sea; between Tavemond and Dassow.

Trebia, a River of Lombardy, which ariseth in the States of Genoua, fifteen Miles from that City: and watering Bobio (a City in the Dukedom of Milan) a little above Piacenza, falls into the Po. The Romans being overthrown by Hannibal, upon the Banks of this River, were most of them in their flight drowned in it.

Trebigna, Tribulium, a small but very ancient City of Dalmatia; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Ragusa: from which it stands sixteen Miles to the East upon the River Trebinska: subject to the Turks.

Trebula, an antient City of the Terra Sabina, in the States of the Church, in Italy. It has a Castle, and a great repute for Cheese. Some Inscriptions and the Ruins of a Theatre, yet extant, speak its Considerableness in former times.

Tregaron, a Market Town in Caerdiganshire, in the Hundred of Pennarth.

Tregoney, a Corporation in the County of Cornwall, in the Hundred of Powder: represented in the Lower House of Parliament by two Burgesses.

Treguier, Trecorium, Trecora, a City of Bretagne in France, called by the Inhabitants Lantriguet. It stands upon the North Shoar; and is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tours. Having an excellent Port, nine Miles from S. Brien to the West, and thirty from Reims. The Bishop is also the Temporal Lord of it, with the Title of a Count. It was often exposed to the spoils of the Saxons, Danes and Normans.

Tremissen, Tremesin, Tremisa, a Town and Kingdom in Mauritania Caesariensis, in Barbary.

Tremita, an Island upon the Coast of the Kingdom of Naples, in the Gulph of Venice; which communicates its name to some others about it, called the Islands of Tremits. It is one of the Diomedeae of the Antients: and now adorned with a Monastery.

Tremituge, Tremithus, Tremethus, a City of the Islands of Cyprus: which was anciently a Bishops See; Sporidion, a famous Bishop of it, assisting at the first Council of Nice. It is now reduced to a poor Town.

Trent, Trenta, one of the principal Rivers in England. It ariseth in the County of Stafford, near Mowcop Hill, towards Cheshire: and flowing South receives the Saw from Stafford: in the Borders of that County, the Tame from the South, and the Done from the North: and entering Nottinghamshire, salutes its Capital at a small distance after at Newark. So dividing this Shire from Lincolnshire, this and the River Dun, form the Isle of Axholme; and they being united, both fall into the Humber at Ankeborough.

Trent, Trento, Tridentum, a City in the Borders of the County of Tirol, betwixt Italy and Germany; call'd by the Germans, Trient. The Capital of a Territory called the Tridentine, amongst the Alpes: which thence are also called the Tridentine Alpes. It is a small City and a Bishops See, under the Patriarch of Aquileja: well peopled; seated in a fruitful Valley upon the River Adige, in the midst of aspiring Mountains. Once an Imperial and Free City; now exempt and subject to its own Bishop, as to its Revenue; but as to the Sovereignty, to the Emperor, as Count, of Tirol. Eighteen Miles from Inspruck to the South and about eight from Verona. It has divers Churches, one College of Jesuites, and a great number of religious and ecclesiastical Houses. But most celebrated on the account of a Council begun here by Pope Paul III. December 15. 1445: who dying in 1549. it was continued under Julius III: in 1551. He also dying in 1555. and a War broken out in Germany, it was not resumed by Pius IV. till 1562; and by him ended, Decemb. 4. 1563. Maurice (Elector of Saxony) with Albert (Marquess of Brandenburgh) and William (Landtgrave of Hesse), having suddenly taken Ausbourgh in 1552. and threatned Trent, obliged Pope Julius III. to suspend the session of it for that time.

Trepassez, Sinus Mortuorum, a Bay in Newfound Land, in North America.

Trero, Trerus, a River of Campania di Roma, which watereth Salvaterra; and falls into the Garigliano beneath Ponte Corvo, in the Borders of the Kingdom of Naples. Some call it Omme.

Tresen, Tresa, a small City with an Haven upon the Baltick Sea, in the Province of Sudermannia in Sweden; seven Miles from Stockholm to the North-West.

Tresmes, Trama, a River and Monastery in Champagne in France, in the Borders of La Brie; three Leagues from Meaux to the North.

Trevico, Trivicus, a City in the further Principate, in the Kingdom of Naples: A Bishops See, under the Arch-Bishop of Benevento. Horace mentions it. It is likewise called Vico della Baronia.

Trevigiana. See Marchia Trevisana.

Treviso, or Trevigi, Tarvisium, Taurisium, a City in the Marquisate of Trevigiana, or Trevisana, to which it gives its name: in the States of Venice, upon the River Sile; which is a Bishops See, under the Patriarch of Aquileja. A great and strong City, surrounded on all sides by Water, and thereby of the more difficult access. Brought under the States of Venice in 1336. In 1509, taken by Maximilian the Emperour, and shortly after restored to them. It stands eighteen Miles from Venice to the South-West.

Trevoux, Trevoltium, the Capital Town of the Principality of Dombes in France: adorned with a Collegiate Church.

Triadzzia, Sardica, an ancient City of Thrace.

Triballi, an ancient People of Moesia Inferior, now Bulgaria.

Tribur, an ancient Royal Palace betwixt Mayence and Oppenheim, beyond the Rhine in Germany: where divers Councils have been celebrated.

Tricaraco, Tricarium, a City in the Basilicate, in the Kingdom of Naples.

Tricastin, a Territory in Dauphine in France: the Capital of it is S. Paul de trois Chasteaux.

Trieste, Tergeste, Tergestum, a City of Istria, called by the Germans Triesten. A small but a strong and populous Place; and a Bishops See under the Patriarch of Aquilesa; has a large but unsafe Harbour upon the Adriatick; at the bottom of a Bay called Trieste too. This City was taken from the Venetians, in the year 1507, by the Emperor; and has been ever since in his Possession It stands thirty Miles from Aquileja to the East, and fifty from Pola to the North. Long. 36. 24. Lat. 45. 40.

Il Trigno, Trinius, a River in the Kingdom of Naples; which springeth out of the Apennine, in the County of Molise; and watering Trivento, falls through the Hither Abruzzo into the Adriatick Sea; near il Guasto; sixteen Miles from Lanciano to the East.

Trin, Trino, Tridinum, a Town in the Dukedom of Montferrat, a small distance from the Po to the North; seven Miles from Casal to the West; and thirty four from Turin to the East: which in 1630, was yielded by the Duke of Mantoua to the Duke of Savoy.

Tring, a Market Town in Hartfordshire, in the Hundred of Dacor.

La Trinidad, Trinitatis Insula, one of the Caribby Islands in America: planted with Sugar.

Trinquimale, a City in the Island of Ceylan.

Triodos or Throhodos, a Mountain in the Island of Cyprus: so called by the Greeks.

Tripoli di Soria, Tripolis; a City in Syria; called by the Turks Tarabolos-scham: In 1289, taken and intirely ruined by the Saracens: and after rebuilt by the Franks; in a fruitful Plain, with a strong Castle seated upon a Rock. This place is now in a good condition; having about two thousand Houses, and a very convenient Harbor on the Mediterranean Sea. It stands twenty German Miles from Damascus to the North, and a little more from Famagousta to the South. In the time of the Holy War it had Counts of its own; from 1109, to 1288. Now the Seat of a Turkish Sangiack. Long. 63. 30. Lat. 34. 20. See Monsieur Thevenot's Travels, Part I. p. 221.

Tripoli, Tripolis, Neapolis, Leptis, or Tripoly of Barbary, is a great City on the Mediterranean Sea in Barbary; which is the Capital of a Kingdom of the same name; has a large Port and a strong Castle; but extremely infamous for its Piracies. Heretofore a part of the Kingdom of Tunis. In 1510, it was taken by the Spaniards: eighteen years after it was granted to the Knights of Malta; who in 1551, were expelled again by the Moors. Since that it is governed like a Commonwealth: Having a considerable Territory belonging to it, betwixt Tunis and the Ocean; but very few Towns, Sanson supposes it to be the ancient Oea. It lies over against the Isle of Malta. Long. 42. 00. Lat. 41. 40. §. There is another Tripoli in Barbary, upon the Mediterranean, with the Title of Tripoli Vecchio or the Old Tripoli; which standing in an ill air, has almost lost its Inhabitants. §. A third in the Lesser Asia, upon the Euxine Sea.

Trivento, Triventum, Triventinum, a small City of the Kingdom of Naples, in the County of Molise, upon the River Trigno; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Benevento; and stands in the Borders of Abruzzo, upon the Adriatick Sea, seventeen Miles from Boiano to the North.

Troesen, an ancient City of the Peloponnesus: which preserved their Alliances with the Athenians with great Honor; and since the times of Christianity, became a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Corinth. Gastaldus calls it now Pleda.

Troglodytae, an obscure People of Aethiopia, from whom the Sinus Troglodyticus there anciently received its denomination; having the Caverns of its Rocks (adjacent) possessed by them. Whence all subterraneous dwellers in Rocks, Caves, and Cabbins in India, Africa, &c. were called Troglyditae.

Troia, Ilium, a City of Phrygia in the Lesser Asia; upon the Coast of the Aegean Sea; made famous by its Ruin, and a ten years War, about the year of the World 2870. in the Reign of its King Priamus. It stood upon the River Xanthus, near Mount Ida; three Miles from the Archipelago, thirty two German Miles from Smyrna to the North, and from Constantinople to the South. Said to have been built about the year of the World 2574. Whereby this City and Kingdom lasted not above two hundred and ninety six years. Some Marble ruins of it are yet visible. Mahomet IV. used the Columnes he found amongst them, in the building of a great Mosque. § There was another City of the same Name, (Troas Alexandri) built by Alexander the Great, some Miles from this: which in the beginning of Christianity was a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Cyziqua; but that too is now ruined. Long 54. 25. Lat. 41. 15.

Troja, a small City of the Kingdom of Naples, in the Capitinato upon the River Chilaro: which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Benevento, and a Principality; it stands at the Foot of the Apennine; twenty five Miles from Benevento to the East, and a little more from Manfredona. Built in 1008, by the Greeks. In 1195 and 1115. Councils were assembled at this City.

Trois Chasteaux, Augusta Tricastinorum, Trieves, the same with S. Paul; a City in the Dauphine.

Troki, Troka, Troccum, a City of Lithuania, a Province of Poland; which is the Capital of a Palatinate of the same Name. It stands upon the River Bressa, in a Marsh of difficult access; defended by a strong Castle. This City was built by Gediminius Great Duke of Lithuania, in 1321: taken by the Russ, and burnt in 1655. It stands four Polish Miles from Vi•na to the West.

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Trolhette, a River in Westrogothia in S••den, which washeth Babuse; then by the Lake of Wonner, passeth into the Baltick Sea.

Tronto, Truentum, a River which ariseth out of the Apennine in the Province of Abruzzo; and flowing through the Marcha Anconitana, is augmented by the Leia; and watering Ascoli, and separating the Popes Dominions from the Kingdom of Naples, falls into the Adriatick Sea at Porto di Ascoli.

Tropea, Tropaea, Tropas, Tropia, Postropaea; a City of the Kingdom of Naples in the Further Calabria: and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Reggio.

Troppaw, Oppavia, a City of Silesia, called by the Bohemians, Oppaw. It stands upon the River Oppa, which falls into the Oder near Hilschin! and is the Capital of a Dukedom of its own Name, and has an ancient Castle. Three German Miles from Ratibor to the West, and nine from Oppelen to the South. This City and Dukedom was formerly a part of Moravia.

Trossi, Tros•aeum. In the years 909. 921. 924. and 927. Councils were assembled here. But the French Geographers describe it be no other Character, than a place in the Diocese of Soissons.

Trowbridge, a Market Town in Wiltshire, in the Hundred of Melksham, near the Avon.

Troyes, Trecasses, Trevae, Augustobona, Augustomana, Treca, Tricassis, Tricassium, Augusta Tricassinorum, a great City, which is the Capital of Champagne in France: and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Sens. It stands upon the Seyne; thirty four Leagues from Paris to the North-East, and twenty from Chalon to the South. Long. 25. 15. Lat. 48. 08. Pope Ʋrban IV. was a Native of this place. It hath six Parishes, two Collegiate Churches, (besides the Cathedral); an Abbey, a College of the Oratorians, and divers Ecclesiastical and Religious Houses. A Council was held here in 867. by the Order of Pope Nicholas I. In 878. Pope John VIII. crowned King Lewis le Begu•: and in 1107. Pope Paschal II. celebrated a Council at this City. There have been also many others.

Trughillo, or Truxillo, Turris Julia, a small City in the Province of Extremadura in Spain: seated on a Hill in a Plain, and fortified by an ancient strong Castle, which has stately Buildings annexed to it. It stands eleven Miles from Merida to the South-East. Francisco Pizarro, the Conquerour of Peru, was a Native of this place. § There is another Town of the same Name in New Spain, in the Province of Honduras; which has a Port on the Bay of Mexico. Taken by the Hollanders, and sacked in 1633. But repaired since. § A third in Peru.

Trullus, the great Hall of the Imperial Palace at Constantinople, in the times of the ancient Greek Emperours: which took this name from its being arched in the form (Trullae) of a Cup. Here in the year 680. was celebrated the sixth General Council, or the third of Constantinople, under the Emperour Constantinus Pogonatus, against the Monothelites. And in 692. or 707. Another, called the second in Trullo and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or Synodus Quina Sexta; consisting of one hundred forty seven Bishops, under the Emperour Justinian II. which undertook to supply the defects of the fifth and sixth General Councils, as to Points of Discipline, by one hundred and two new Canons. But neither the Western Church received those Canons, neither all the Patriarchal Churches of the East.

Tschelminar, a Mass of some of the noblest Remains of Antiquitie in the Kingdom of Persia: near the City Schiras, in the Province of Farsistan. Being great Pillars, Canals, Idols, Sepulchres in Rocks, Rests of Edifices, and bas relievo's above two thousand. They may be a part probably of the Ruins of the ancient Persepolis. This Name, which the Turks give to the place, signifies in their Language the Forty Pillars.

Truro, a Market Town and Corporation in the County of Cornwal, and the Hundred of Powder: honoured with the Election of two Parliament Men. It is seated betwixt two Streams, that run into Falmouth Haven: and gives the Title of a Baron to the Right Honourable Charles Bodvile Roberts, Earl of Radnor.

Tubingen, Tubinga, a pleasant City in the Dukedom of Wurtemburg, in the Circle of Schwaben, upon the Necker: four German Miles from Sougard to the South, and twelve from Ʋlm to the West. Antonius Caracalla, who was Emperour about the year of Christ 213. had a Palace in this City. In 1342. it was sold to Verick Duke of Wurtemberg by its Count: and in 1477. there was an University opened here by Eberard le Barbe, Count of VVurtemburg.

Tucho, a City in the Province of Queiche•, in China.

Tucuman, Tucumania, a Province in Paragua in South America; between the River of Plate to the East, the Mountains and Kingdom of Chili to the West; the Capital of which, is S. Miguel de Estero. It is three hundred Leagues broad, two hundred long; and has eight small Spanish Cities in it.

Tudbury, or Tutbury, a Market Town in Staffordshire, in the Hundred of O•low; upon the River Dove.

Tudela, Tatela, a City and Government in the Kingdom of Navarre, upon the River Ebro; where it receives the Queiles, and is covered with a Bridge: four Leagues from Tarragona, and fifteen from Sarragoza to the South-West. Long. 19. 15. Lat. 43. 00.

Tuitz or Duitz, T•itium, a Town opposite to Cologue, on the other side of the Rhine, in Germany: formerly joined to it by a Bridge, which no less than the Town challenged Constantine the Great for its Founder. This Town is famous for a Monastery; in which in the twelfth Century, an Hostia is pretended to have remain'd unburnt in the midst of a Fire.

Tulles, Tuelle, Tutela, Tutella, a City of Limosin in France, upon the River Courrez; the Capital of the Lower Limosin, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Bourges, by the Appointment of Pope John XXII. in the year 1318. It lies two and twenty Miles from Clermont to the West, and fourteen from Limoges to the South. Long. 22. 59. Lat. 45. 20. The Bishops are Lords and Viscounts of the City.

Tulujas, Tulugiae, a Castle in the County of Rousillon in Catalonia, one League from Perpignan: at which, in 1050. the Council, called Concilium Tulugiense, was celebrated.

Tun, a River in the County of Kent, falling into the Medway. Tunbridge stands upon it.

Tunbridge, a Market Town in the County of Kent, in Aylesford Lath, upon the River Tun. Much noted for its Mineral Wells.

Tunchang, a City in the Province of Xanton in the Kingdom of China; upon the River Inn, in the Borders of Pechin.

Tunis, Tunes; Tunetum, a City and Sea-Port on the Coast of Barbary, upon the Mediterranean Sea; now called by the Natives Tune; by the Spaniards Tunez; by the Italians Tunisi. It is great, strong, and populous; about five Miles in compass: containing three hundred Mosques (besides the grand one, which is a Noble Structure); twelve Christian Chappels, eight Synagogues of the Jews, twenty four Cells for Hermites, one hundred and fifty Hott-Houses, eighty six Schools, nine Colleges maintained upon

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the Publick Expence, sixty four Hospitals, and about ten thousand Families. The Venetians, Genouese, and others drive a great Trade with it. It has two Walls, a Palace Royal, a Magazine of Merchandises, a spacious Haven, and Prisons for Christian Slaves too well known. Seated in a Plain by the Lake Barbasueco; nine Leagues from the Ruines of Carthage, and from the Shoars of the Mediterranean Sea; eighteen from Goletta: at the bottom of a Bay, to the West of the most Western Cape of Sicily. Not far from this place, Regulus the Roman Consul was defeated, and taken by the Carthaginians. In the Times of Christianity it was a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Carthage. In the year 1270, unsuccessfully besieged by Lewis IX. King of France. In the year 1535. taken by Charles V. In 1570. it returned under its former Kings; who being since extinct, it is governed like a Common-wealth, under the Protection of the Turk; but very infamous for Pyracies. Long. 34. 53. Lat. 32. 10. The Country about it yields Olives, Fruits, Grain and Pasturage very well.

The Kingdom of Tunquin, or Tonquin, Tunchinum, is bounded on the East and North by that of China; on the South by Cochinchina, and by the great Bay; on the West by the Kingdom of Brama. The Capital City of it is Kecio. The King of this City is also Master of a part of the Province of Quansio. He formerly paid Tribute to the Emperour of China: Now, Homage only by an Ambassadour, by an Establishment in 1667. Of late years the Christian Religion has been preached with good success, (as is said) by the Missionaries of the Church of Rome. A Kingdom of great power, and nigh as large as France: situated in 20 deg. of Lat. and 145. Long. Mostly under the Torrid Zone: yet very fruitful, and healthful; and watered with above fifty Rivers. Cochin China was formerly a Province of it; now a Kingdom tributary to it. It is said to contain about twenty thousand Towns and Cities. The Sect of the Chinese Philosopher, Confusius, obtains much amongst the Tonquinese. It became a separate Kingdom about seven hundred years ago: Before which, it depended as a Province, upon the Empire of China.

Turcomania, Armenia Major, a vast Country in the Lesser Asia: of old called Armenia. It lies between Georgia to the North, the rest of the Lesser Asia to the West, Persia to the East, and Diarbeck to the South. This was the first Country the Turks possessed, after they came out of Tartary, (being most probably descended from the Scythians, that lay betwixt the Euxine and Caspian Seas); under Tangrolipix, about the year of Christ 1037. But the present Line was begun by Osman or Ottoman, about the year 1290: who was a Husbandman, or common Labourer; and by his Valour raised this Family. Bursa in Bithynia was the first Seat of their Empire, afterwards Adrianople, and then Constantinople. Solyman the present Emperour of the Turks, is the one and twentieth of this Line, set up by the Army against Mahomet IV. his Brother, out of a Discontent at his Misfortunes in the present War against the Christians, November 9. 1687.

Turenne, Turena, a Town in Limosin, two Leagues from Courez, and four from Tulles.

Turin, Turino, Augusta Taurinorum, Tauriana, Taurinum, the Capital City of Piedmont in Lombardy: called by the Italians Torino, by the French Turin. It is an Archbishops See, and the Seat of the Duke of Savoy; in a very fruitful and pleasant well watered Plain, twenty Miles from the Alpes; upon the River Po, where it receives the Doria. Adorned with a strong and beautiful Castle, built by Emanuel Philbert, Duke of Savoy, in 1565. It has also an University, opened here by Pope Benedict XIII. in 1405. and the Courts of Justice for that Province are held in it. The City is very strong, and grows greater and more splendid; yet in the year 1640. it was taken by the French. Long. 29. 30. Lat. 43 50. The dispute betwixt the Bishops of Vienne and Arles for the Primacy, was heard, but not definitively decided, by an ancient Council held here in 397. or 401.

Turquestan. Some make this and the Kingdom of Thibet in the Asiatick Tartary, to be the same Country. Others describe it as a Province betwixt the Great Tartary, and the Empire of the Mogul.

Tuver, Tavera, a City of Moscovy.

Tuxford, a Market Town in Nottinghamshire, in the Hundred of Southclay: called commonly Tuxford upon Clay, from the quality of the Soil it stands in.

Tuy, Tude, Tyde, a City of Gallicia in Spain, upon the River Minho; six Leagues from its Mouth to the East, twelve from Compostella, and seventeen Bracara. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Compostella; but a small City.

Tweede, Tuaesis, Vedra, Tueda, a River which divides Scotland from England; and falls into the German Ocean at Barwick. Giving name to Tweedale, a County in Scotland.

Tyana, an ancient City of Cappadocia in the Lesser Asia, at the foot of the Mountain Taurus: famous for being the Birth-place of the Philosopher Apollonius, called Tyanaeus from it. It became in the Christian times, an Archbishops See: and in 365. a Council of the Oriental Bishops was celebrated at it.

Tyndaro, Tyndarus, a Town in the Island of Sicily, in the Valley of Demone towards Petti: which was formerly a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Syracusa. But as Syracusa has been since reduced

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to a Bishoprick; so has Tyndaro from a City become a Town.

Tyrconel. See Tirconel.

Tyre, Tyrus, one of the most ancient and celebrated Cities of Palestine: supposed to be older than the coming of the Children of Israel out of Egypt: but certainly at the latest built in the year of the World▪ 2693. two hundred and forty years before Solomon's Temple, which is the account of Josephus. It flourished, and had the Trade of the whole Mediterranean Sea: sent and settled its Colonies on all its Coasts; as far as the Western Ocean, yea, as Britain; and amongst the rest, founded Carthage. But when Jerusalem fell, Tyre kept her company. For Nebuchadnezzar took and burnt this City, in the eighteenth year of his Reign, Anno Mundi 3371. the year before he took Jerusalem. Alexander the Great took and ruined it the second time, after a Siege of seven Months, in the year of the World 3618. Yet it recovered again; and was in great repute during the Roman Empire; and was an Archbishops See, in the times of Christianity, under the Patriarch of Antioch, and afterwards of Jerusalem. Adrian the Emperour having made it the Metropolis of Phoenicia. About the year of Christ, 641. after the Saracens had by a Siege of three years forced Caesarea to submit to them, they became Masters of this City without resistance: Damascus, Antioch and Jerusalem being taken before. Together with Jerusalem, it returned under Christian Princes again, about the year 1099. In 1111. the the Saracens in vain attempted the▪ Recovery of it: but in 1123. it was taken by them. The Christians regained it, and kept it till the year 1259. when the Tartars took it. In 1263. the Venetians retook it. In 1292. the Saracens finally prevailed, and drove the Western Christians out of Syria. This is now called Sour by the Turks; and has some lovely Antiquities, as Thevenot saith, but no Inhabitants. Long. 67. Lat. 33. 20. In the year 335. a Council here assembled by the order of Constantine the Great, condemned Athanasius, deprived him of his Bishoprick of Alexandria, and banished him from that City. In 448. Ibas Bishop of Edessa, accused of Nestorianism, was acquitted by a Council at Tyre: and in 518. there was a third celebrated here.

Tyrnaw, Tirnavia, a small City in the Ʋpper Hungary, in the County of Transchin, upon a River of its own name: called by the Germans, Durn or Dyrne; which has always been under the Emperour, and is the common Residence of the Bishop of Gran, being seated in his Diocese; nine Miles from Comora to the North, eight from Presburgh to the East, and sixteen from Vienna.

Tyrone, Tyronensis Comitatus, the County of Tir-Oen, or as the Irish call it of Thioroghain, is in the Province of Ʋlster in the Kingdom of Ireland; between the County of Antrim to the East, London-Derry to the North and West, and Fermanach and Armagh to the South. There is no Town or City of any Note in this County; which heretofore extended further to the West, than now it doth: a part of it being taken into the County of London-Derry.

Tzaconia, the same with Laconia, a Province of the Morea.

Tzebona, a strong Town in Bohemia.

Tzorlich, or Tzurulium, or Ciarlo, a City of Thrace, which is a Bishops See; almost in the middle between Constantinople and Adrianople.

Tzuconi, a Kingdom of Japan.

V A. (Book v)

VAbres, Vabrae, Vabra, Vabrincum, Castrum Vabrense, Vabrium, a small City in Rovergue in France upon the River Dourdan; at the foot of an Hill; three Leagues from Rhodez to the South, and four from the Borders of Languedoc. Made a Bishops See in 1317. under the Archbishop of Bourges, by Pope John XXII. who converted its Benedictine Abbey into a Cathedral. The Bishops enjoy the Title of Earls of Vabres. Long. 23. 40. Lat. 33. 00.

Vaferine, or Vanferine, a River of France; which ariseth from the Valley of Chesieri in Bugey, and separates the Territory of Michaille in that Province from Savoy: then passeth by Bellegarde into the Rhone.

Vag, Vagus, a River of the Ʋpper Hungary; which ariseth from the Carpathian Hills, in the Borders of Poland; and running North-West, watereth Trenschin, Freistadel, Leopolstadt, Schinta, and Scheliz. Between Comora, and Presburgh, falls from the North into the Danube. Whilst Newheusel was in the hands of the Turks, this was the Boundary on that side between the two Empires.

Vai, Sabatium Vadum, Vada Sabatia, a Sea-Port on the Coast of Genoua; five Miles from Savona to the North-West.

Vaison, Vasio, Forum Vocontiorum, a City in Provence, in the County of Venaissin: upon the River Louveze, and the ascent of a Hill; four French Leagues from Orange to the North-East, and ten from Avignon to the same. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Avignon. In 337. a Council here assembled in the Reign of the Emperor Constantius, received and added to the Gloria Petri, the Verse following, Sicut erat in principio, &c. In 442. and 529. we read of other Councils here.

Val des Choux, a Priory in the Dukedom of Burgundy, and the Diocese of Langres, near Chastillon; founded in 1197. It belongs to the Benedictines.

Val des Ecoliers, an Abbey in the Diocese of Langres in France: founded in 1212. by some Parisian Doctors, for their retirement; whose example drew the Scholars of the Ʋniversity of Paris in such numbers to the same life, that their House was called the Scholars Valley; and became the Head of a New Order.

Valckembourg, a Town in the Dutchy of Limburgh, in the Low-Countries, two Leagues from Maestricht. Taken by the French in 1676. and restored to the Spaniards in 1679. by the Treaty of Nimeguen. The French call it Fanquemont. § Also a small Town in the State of Holland, one League from Leyden: which has been adorned with the Title of an Earldom.

Valdiva, a small City in the Kingdom of Chili in South America; which has a large and safe Haven on the Pacifick Ocean; under the Dominion of the Spaniards, though it has been often ruined by the Indians. It stands seventy five Leagues from Imperiali to the South; written sometimes Baldiva.

Valence, Valentia, Julia Valentia, Segalaunorum Ʋrbs, a City of Gallia Narbonensis, in Ptolemy; now called Valenza by the Italians. It is a neat, populous, great City in the Dauphiné; and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Vienne, upon the River Rhosne; eleven Leagues from its Metropolis to the South. This Bishoprick was for ever united to that of

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Dye, in 1275. The Bishops take the Title of Earls of Valence. In 1452. there was an University opened here. The River Isere closeth it on the North, and the Rhosne on the West. It is the Capital of the Dukedom of Valentinois: hath a Cittadel, an Abbey, and a Collegiate Church, (besides the Cathedral) with a great number of Religious Houses. And anciently was a Roman Colony. In 374. 584. and 855. Councils were assembled at this City. In 890. Lewis Son of Bozon, was confirmed King of Arles by the Bishops here met for the purpose. There have been more Councils in after times held in the same place. § Also a Town in the Province of Guyenne, near the Garonne.

Valenchiennes, Valenciennes, Vallencenae, Valentianae, Valentinianae, a City of Hainault, upon the Schelde; where it receives the Ronel, which divides it. A great, strong, spruce place; two Leagues from Quesnoy to the North, five from Tournay to the South, and from Cambray to the West. Henry VII. Emperour of Germany, was a Native of it; and Baldwin, and Henry, Emperors of Constantinople. In 1656. the French besieged it under the Mareschals Turenne and la Ferte: But Don John of Austria, assisted with the Prince of Conde, raised the Siege and took the latter Prisoner. In 1667. it was taken by the French, under whom it now is. They have since added to its Fortifications. It was made an University in 1475.

Valencia, Valentia, Valentia Constetinorum, a City and Kingdom in Spain. The City is called by the Italians, Valenza; and stands about a Mile from the Mediterranean Sea; forty nine Leagues from Barcinone to the North-West, from Toledo to the East, and Saragoza to the South. Built by Junius Brutus, a Roman, in the year of Rome 616. Rescued out of the hands of the Moors, by Roderic Bivar el Cid, in the year 1025. Taken by them again, and recovered the second time by James I. King of Arragon, in 1236. Made a Bishops See in 1492. by Pope Alexander VI. In Pliny's time it was a great, noble, elegant City; walled, with five Bridges over the River Guadalaviar: and now the best peopled in all Spain, except Lishon and Madrid. An University; the Capital of a Kingdom, and the Seat of its Courts of Justice, and a Vice-Roy. It has given to the See of Rome two Popes, Calistus II. and Alexander VI. The Spaniards proverbially call it, Valencia la Hermosa, the Beautiful. Long. 25. 15. Lat. 39. 55.

The Kingdom of Valencia, lies upon the Mediteranean Sea. Bounded on the East by Catalonia, and that Sea; on the West by New Castile; and by the Kingdom of Murcia to the South. The chief Cities in it, are Valencia, Segorve, Orighuella, Xativa, Elche, and Alicante. Watered by the Ebro, the Mervedre, the Guadalquivir, and the Xucar▪ so that it enjoys at once the most fruitful Soil, and the most pleasant and temperate Air of all Spain; much like that of Naples. Their Silk and Wooll are the best in the World. Their Sheep were first brought thither from Cotswald in England, in 1465. by the imprudent Courtesie of Edward IV. In short, the Plenty, Delicacies, and Pleasantness of this Kingdom, has esseminated its Inhabitants, and made them less able to defend it. The ancient Edetani and Contestani dwelt here. It became a distinct Moorish Kingdom in 1214. Submitted to Arragon in 1228. Finally conquered by them in 1238. Philip II. banished out of it twenty two thousand Families of the Moors.

Valeneia d' Alcantara, a strong Town in the Province of Extremadura in Spain, but in the Borders of Portugal, upon the River Savar; eight Leagues from Alcantara to the West. Taken by the Portuguese; and restored to the Spaniard by the Treaty of Peace in 1668.

Valencia di Minho, a strong Town upon the River Minho, in the Kingdom of Portugal: which has resisted the repeated Attacks of the Spaniards.

Valenza, Valentia, Forum Fulvii, or Valentinum, a strong Town in the Dukedom of Milan, but in the Borders of Montferrat. Built upon an Hill by the Po, ten Miles from Casal to the East, and seven from Alessandria to the North. It was attempted by the French in 1635. and in 1656. with great loss: they took it in 1657. The Spaniards were defeated in 1658. in their design of recovering it: but gained it by the Treaty of Peace the next year at the Pyrenees, and are still in possession of it.

Valentinois, a Territory in Dauphine, of which Valence is the Capital. It is divided into the Ʋpper and Lower Valentinois: The Upper extends from the River Isere to the Droume; the other from the Droume to the County of Venaissin. Formerly under its own Counts. It became united with Dauphine and the Crown of France in the time of Tewis XI. King of France. Lewis XII. advanced it to the quality of a Dukedom.

Valette, Valetta, a new, very strong, fine, populous City, in the Isle of Malta. Built by Jean de Valette, a French Man, (Master of the Knights of Malta) in the year 1566. after the Turkish Siege; on the North side of the Island, upon a Mountain called Sceb Erras: having an excellent Port. The Master of that Order has resided in that City ever since the year 1571. The Castle belonging to it is called S. Elmo.

La Valette, or Villebois, a Town in the Dukedom of Angousmois in France.

Valiza, Rhodope, a Mountain in Thrace; called by the Inhabitants, Rulla. It divides Thrace into two parts; extending from East to West; and gives Birth to the River Hebrus, and some others.

Valladolid, Pintia, Vallisolitum, Vallisoletum, a City of Old Castile in Spain: great, elegant, and populous; upon the River Piznerga, a little above its fall into the Douro; in the Borders of the Kingdom of Leon; (of which it was a part.) Sixteen Spanish Leagues from Burgos to the South-West, and twenty from Salamanca to the North-East. This City was built by the Goths, in the year of Christ 625. Made a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Toledo, in the year 159•. Christopher Columbus, the first Discoverer of America, died here in the year 1506. It was for some time the Seat of the Kings of Castile; and now an University of great esteem. In this place, Philip II. King of Spain, by the perswasion of Mr. Parsons, (a known English Jesuit), erected a Seminary for the English in 1589. the very year after the Spanish Armado had miscarried. Philip IV. built a Magnificent Palace in it. In 1322. a Council was assembled here. Long. 15. 40. Lat. 42. 10. § There are two New Cities of the same Name in America; one in New Spain, in the Province of Honduras; which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mexico, since the year 1558. The other in Peru.

Le Vallais, or Valais, Valesia. See VVallisserlandt.

Valle, 1. di Demona, Demonae Vallis. 2. Valle di Mazara. 3. Valle di Noto, Vallis Neaetina, are the three Provinces into which the Island of Sicily is now divided.

The Valley of Iehosaphat, a Valley betwixt the City Jerusalem, and the Mount of Olives in Palestine; to the East: which lying two hundred and fifty paces lower than the City to that quarter, serves as a Fosse to it. Its length from North to South comes to

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about two thousand paces. The name, some derive from the Sepulchre of K. Jehosaphat, anciently built upon it. Some, from a pretension that God will judge Mankind in this place; because of the signification of the word Jehosaphat in Hebrew, (Gods Judgment;) and an expression in Joel, 3. 12. Where v. 14. the same Valley is also called the Valley of decision; elsewhere in Scripture, the Valley of Kedron, from the Brook of that name, which traverses the middle of it; and the Kings Valley, from Solomons Garden, at the foot of the Mount of Scandal, a part of the Mount of Olives. Upon this Valley, at present, is pretended to be shown the Sepulchers of King Jehosaphat, Absalom, the Prophet Zaehariah, and S. James Bishop of Jerusalem, all cut in Rocks▪ The Sepulcher of the Virgin Mary, in a Church, built by Helena in 326. Where are also the Tombs of Joachim and Ann, (the Parents of the Virgin;) Simeon and Levi; and that famous Queen Melisende, in the eleventh Century, who was the Daughter, Wife, and Mother of Baldwin II. Foulk, and Baldwin III. three successive Kings of Jerusalem. The Armenians, Jacobites, and Abyssines have their several Altars and Apartments in this Church; which stands upon this Valley, at the foot of the Mountain Viri Galilaei, another part of the Mount of Olives.

Vallona, a large Town in Albania, recovered out of the Hands of the Turks by the Forces of the Republick of Venice, Sept. 18. 1690. There were in it one hundred and thirty Pieces of Cannon.

Valois, V•lesti, a Duchy in the Isle of France; between it, and Picardy, and Champagne; upon the River Oyse. The chief Town of which is Crepi en Valois. All the Kings of France from Philip IV. to Francis I. (that is, from 1328, to 1515) were from hence surnamed de Valois.

Valombre, a Benedictine Abbey in the Florentine, in Italy.

Valpo, a River, Town, and County in Solavania; between Esseck and Belgrade; all in the Hands of the Emperor. This River falls into the Danube, three German Miles below Esseck to the South.

Valtelina, Vallis Telina, Volturena, a small Tract belonging to the Grisons, at the Foot of the Alpes; through which the River Adda runs. It belonged to the Dukedom of Milan; and was granted to the Grisons, by Francis I. in the year 1516. The Spaniards have thereupon all along pretended a Right to it, and in 1620, seized upon it; more for the convenien•• of a passage between Tirol and Milan, than for the value of the place▪ though it is a most fruitful spot of Ground: but the French, the Pope, and the Venetians interposing, and a War insuing, the Grisons at last recovered the Possession of it. This Valley extends from East to West sixty Miles: on the North it is bounded by the Grisons, on the South by the States of Venice, on the East by Tir•l, and to the West by Milan. There are four considerable Towns in it, Morbegno, Sondrio, Tirano, and Bormio. It made a part of the ancient Rh•e•ia, and was then inhabited by the Vennone•es.

Van, a Fortress of the Turks, upon the Frontiers of Persia, in Armenia; which is little, but very strong: and stands upon a Lake of the same Name, betwixt Mar di B•chu and the Tigris; which some call the Sea of Van, and the Sea of Armenia, because its Waters are salt. Learned Men take it for the ancient Artemita. It stands two hundred and fifty Miles from the Caspian Sea to the West. Long. 78. 40. Lat. 40. 30.

Vandali, an ancient People upon the Coasts of the Baltick Sea, in Germany: who in the fifth Century, in conjunction with the Alani and others, made Invasions into Gaul and Spain. In Gaul, they lost Godegesil•• their King, and twenty thousand Men in one Battel, in the year 405, before the Alani could advance to their relief. In the other, they Conquered the Kingdom of the Suevi, defeated the Roman Forces in Boetica, called a part of the Country Vandalitia (now Andaluzia) after their own name; thence passed into Africa; and established a Kingdom there in the Person of their General Gensericus: to whom succeeded five others in the same honor; till Bellisarius with the Emperor Justinians Forces took their last King Gelimer (an Usurper upon the Right of Hilderic, Kinsman to Justinian) Prisoner; and brought him to Constantinople, in 533. These Kings were Arrians, and severe Persecutors of the contrary Faith.

Vannes, or Vennes, Venetia, Dariorigum, Venetiae, Dariorigum Venetorum, a City of the Lesser Bretagne in France: the Seat of the ancient Veneti, who were hardly conquered by Julius▪ Caesar in a Sea-Fight. It is now a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tours; and is a fine, populous City, by the Bay de Morbihan, with a Castle, which was anciently the Palace of the Dukes of Bretagne, and divers Churches; two Leagues from the Sea, and twenty six from Rennes to the North-West. Long. 17. 28. Lat. 47. 15. In 465. a Council was celebrated here.

Var, Varus, a River of Italy, which ariseth in the Maritim Alpes, in the County of Nizza; and flowing South, receives the Vaire, Tince, Vesubee, and Esteron; and at Nizza, (or Nice) falls into the Mediterranean Sea; after it has for many Miles divided Provence from the County of Nizza; it is therefore accounted the Boundary between France and Italy; though the French have some places on the South of this River, and the Duke of Savoy on the North of it.

Varcevo, Collentum, a City of Dalmatia; between Zara to the West, and Scardona to the East; under the Venetians.

Varna, Dionysiopolis, Barna, Tiberiopolis, Odessus, V•rna, a City of Bulgaria; which is an Archbishops See, and has a Port upon the Euxine Sea; at the Mouth of the River Zyra, now Varna. It stands between this River to the North, the Sea to the East, and the L•ke of Devina to the South. Still a place tolerably well peopled: seven German Miles from M•sember, and the Borders of Thrace to the North. Most taken notice of upon the account of a great Defeat the Christians received here, under Ʋladislaus, King of Hungary, November 11. 1444. Long. 54. 20. Lat. 44. 15.

Il Varo, the same with Var.

Vasento, Casuentum, a River of Calabria, in the Kingdom of Naples; which flowing by Cos•nza, falls into the Grati. In the Bed of this River, Alaricus King of the Goths, was buried, as Jornandes faith: who was one of those Bat•arous Princes that sacked Rome.

Vasilig•red, a City in the Dukedom of the little Novogorod in Moscovy; upon the River Wolg•, where it receives the Sure.

Vasilip•tamo, •uro•us, a River of the Mor•a.

Vasserburgh, a Town in •avaria, where the Duke keeps his principal Treasures. It stands upon the River Inn, which almost incompasseth it; seven Miles from Munchen to the East.

Vatzen or Vei•zen, Va••i•, a City in the lower Hungary upon the Danube: and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Gran.

Vau•luse, quasi Vallis Clausa, a Fountain in the Valleys of the County of Avignon in Provence, at the foot of a Mountain: famous for the frequent resort of the Learned Poet Petrarch thither, about the year 1300: who honoreth it with the Title of the Queen

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of Founiains. Some old remaining ruins upon the place are commonly to this day called, Petrarch's house. This Fountain forms the River Sourges (Sulga) very near its head; assisted by the influx of a number of other little sources; from the same Mountain.

Vaud. See Waad.

Vaudrevange, Valdersinga, a Town in Lorain, upon the River Saar; ten Miles from Mets to the East, and from Thionville: which suffered much in the late German War, but since rebuilt. About a Mile from this place was built a very strong Fort, called Saar Lovis.

Vauge, Vogesus, Vosagus, a celebrated Mountain in France; which extends from North to South, between Lorain, Alsatia, and the Franche Comte; (in which it is called Mont des Faucilles;) out of it arise the Moselle, and the Saone, or Sosne. There is a small Territory near it, which by the French is called le Pais de Vauge; and by the Germans, Wasgow; a part of the Dukedom of Lorain.

Vauge. See Wasgow.

Le Vault, Romana Ditio, a District belonging to the Canton of Bearn, in Switzerland; betwixt the Lake of Lemane, and the Mountain Jura. Lausanne is its Capital City. Formerly under the Duke of Savoy. The French call it Vaux, and Pais de Vaux.

La Vaur. See Lavaur.

Vaux, a small Territory near Orleans.

Vbeda, a great, populous City, in the Eastern Part of Andalusia in Spain: towards the Borders of New Castile; one League from the River Guadalquivir to the North, and six from Jaen or Gaën to the South-East. This City was recovered from the Moors, September 29. 1234, by Ferdinando King of Castile: and besides a strong Castle, has a very advantageous Stiuation. Long. 17. 30. Lat. 38. 30.

Vberlinghen, Ʋberlinga, a small but Imperial and Free City, in the Circle of Schwaben; upon the Lake of Constance towards the North, two Miles from Constance. Made an Imperial City in 1267: often taken, and retaken in the Swedish War.

Vbii, an ancient People, who dwelt about the (now) Archbishoprick of Cologne, and Dutchy of Juliers, in the Circle of Westphalia in Germany: the memory of their name being still preserved in a place there, called Ʋbich.

Vchter-See, Lacus Moratensis, a Lake of Switzerland, called also Murtensee by the Germans. The River Broye flows through it, and falls into the Lake called Newenburghsee.

Vdenheim, the same with Philipsbourg.

Vdiaa, the Capital City of the Kingdom of Siam, in the East-Indies.

Vdine, Ʋtinum, a City in Friuli, called by the Germans Weyden. The Capital of that Province, and the Seat of the Patriarch of Aquileja, since the declension of that last City into ruin; of old a Bishops See. Brought under the subjection of the States of Venice in 1420: and built on the River Torre; twenty Miles from the Adriatick Sea to the North, eleven from Palma, twenty from Goritia to the West, and eight from Friuli. Long. 35. 28. Lat 45. 46.

Vecht, Vidrus, Vider, a River of Westphalia in Germany, mentioned by Tacitus and Ptolemy: it ariseth five German Miles from Munster to the South-West; and being augmented by the Aa, the Dinchel, and the Regge, falls into the Zuyder Zee, in Over-Yssel•• eight Miles from Zwol to the North, where it is called Swarte Water.

Veglia, Vegia, a Venetian Island upon the Coast of Dalmatia, in the Adriatick. The Sclavonians call it Kirk.

Veii and Vejentes, an ancient People and City of Etruria, near Rome. Famous in the time of Romulus, who himself made War with them. But much more by the Victory they obtained over the three hundred and twelve Fabii (being the whole Family, except one Youth not of age to bear Arms, who was left at home) at the River Cremera in Thuscany, by an Ambuscade, in the year of Rome 177. Of which Ovid,

Ʋna Dies Fabios ad bellum miserat omnes: Ad bellum missos perdidit una Dies.

See Cremera. The Dictator M. Furius Camillus took and totally destroyed this City, in the year of Rome 318. But it first endured a ten years Siege. The tenths of its spoils were dedicated to Apollo Pythius by the Conquerors; who had taken Oathes from the Soldiers, never to rise from before the place untaken.

Velay, Velauni, a County in the Sevennes in Languedoc in France, betwixt Auvergne, Vivaretz, Givaudan, and Foretz. The Capital City of it is Puy. It was anciently the Country of the Velauni. Separated into two parts by the Mountains Mezeres, Pertuis, and Meigal; which are covered with Woods: therefore called Velay beyond the Woods, and Velay on this side of them.

Veletri, or Veltri, Veletrae, a most ancient City, and Colony in Campania di Roma; taken by Ancus Martius King of the Romans. Now a Bishops See, but united to that of Ostia, and under the Pope. It is a pleasant spruce City; twenty Miles from Rome to the East.

Veleuve, a County in the Province of Guelderland, in the Ʋnited Netherlands: Harderwick is a principal City in it.

Venafro, Venafrum, a City in the Province di Lavoro, in the Kingdom of Naples, of great Antiquity: a Principality, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Capua. Twenty two Miles from Capua to the North. Long. 37. 58. Lat. 41. 35.

Venaissin, or Venaisse, Vindasanus, Vindaucensis, Venascinu•, Comitatus, a County in Provence in France; between the Dauphiné to the North, the Durance to the South, the Rhosne to the West, and Provence to the East. In 1348, given by Jona Qu. of Naples, and Countess of Provence, to Clement VI. Pope of Rome; and still, together with Avignon, subject to the Pope. The now Capital of it, is Carpentras: Vaison, and Cavailon in it are considerable Towns. Avignon is not in this County, (as is believed) tho it stands near it.

Vence, or Vanze, Vensiensis Ʋrbs, Vincium, Vintium, Ventium, Vidantiorum and Vinciensium Ʋrbs, a City of Provence; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Ambrun, for some time united formerly with the See of la Grace, but again separated. Two Leagues from Antibes to the North, and from the River Varo to the West: made very conspicuous in the World, by the Learned Writings of one of its late Bishops. The Inscriptions about it prove its having been a Roman Colony. It gives the Title of a Baron; betwixt whom, and the Bishop, the temporal Jurisdiction of it is divided. Long. 29. 15. Lat. 42.50.

Vencheu, a City in the Province of Chequin in China.

Vendosme, Vindinum, Vindocinum, a City in the Province of la Beause in France, upon the River Loyre; nine Leagues from Chasteaudun to the West, and Amboise to the North, and seven from Blois. This is the Capital of a Dukedom, between la Perche to the North, Blois to the East, Touraine to the South, and Mans to the West. The Dukedom is given to the Younger Sons of the Crown of France very frequently.

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It hath an ancient Castle, a College of the Oratorians, and some Religious Houses.

Vendres, Rubensis Lacus, a Lake in Languedoc in France.

Venice, Venetia, one of the noblest Cities, and Free States of Italy; called by the Inhabitants, Venetia, and Vinegia; by the Poles Wenecya; by the Greeks, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, by the French, Venise; by the Germans, Venedig; by the Georgians, Venedich; and by the Turks, Venedick. It is the Capital also of a mighty Common wealth, and a Mart, or Sea-Port; as much frequented by the Merchants of all Nations, as most other in the World. Begun by the Inhabitants of Padoua, about the year of Christ 421, upon the Rocks of the Adriatick Sea, out of a terror of the Goths and other barbarous Nations: which then like an impetuous and irresistible Torrent over run Italy. The Senate of Padoua, as Masters of the Islands of the Lagune, to this purpose proclaimed by their three Consuls the ssame year, Rialto (a Port belonging to them there) to be an Asylum for all that would retire to it. Attila after this overthrowing and ruining Aquileja, the Inhabitants of that City fled to Venice too in the year 453. Whereby both Rialto, and the neighbouring Islands, became Peopled; receiving for their Governours, Consuls, or Tribunes, (which Cassiodorus calls Maritimorum Tribunos) sent to them from the Senate of Padoua: till in time every Island chose itself a particular Tribune yearly, and every Tribune became in the nature of a petty Sovereign. And thus for nigh the first three hundred years, they were neither one and the same City, or Republick; but a consederation of many neighbouring Islands united together, by common interest, for their security against the Barbarians of Italy. In the year 697, the Tribunes of the twelve principal Islands by permission from the Emperor (as Sovereign of all the Country) and the Pope, which was procured to supersede the pretensions of Padoua to these Islands, set up the first Duke: and since that time this City hath encreased to that degree, that it has filled all the seventy two Islands about it; which, as every Island anciently had its separate Pastor as well as Tribune, are become so many Parishes, each having its peculiar Church. From the year 697. to 1172. or 1177. the Dukes or Doges governed with an absolute authority; and caused their Brothers or Children to be elected oftentimes their Colleagues, and their Successors. The third Doge was assassinated by the People for his Tyranny: whereupon ensued an Interregnum of five years; in which the State was committed to certain Officers, every new year changed and elected. Then they desired to have a Doge again: And from 697. to 1177. they had about thirty four or thirty six Sovereign Doges. In 1172. the Election of the Doge by the voices of all the People was abolished; and a Sovereign independent Counsel appointed for that use, consisting of two hundred and forty Citizens, chosen indifferently out of the Gentry, Citizens, and Artiz•ns: But withal they Created twelve Tribunes, with power to oppose the Doges Ordinances, in case they appeared unjust. This fo•m of Government continued one hundred and eleven years: And in 1280. the Council was fixed upon a number of certain Families and their descendents, expressed in publick Register; with an utter exclusion of other Persons and Families, of all States and Qualities whatsoever. Which last form, time hath improved with many additions. The Sword is now carried not before, but behind the Doge; and the publick Coins represent him in Ducal Habits, upon his Knees before S. Mark, (who is the Symbol of the Republick;) two no small intimations of his inferiority to it. It is lawful for the Senate to depose him (otherwise his Dignity is for life) in case of extreme old age and sickness, rendring him uncapable of business: as they did Francisco Foscarini, at the age of 84. after his Dogate had been always happy to them. The Families of the twelve Tribunes who set up the first Doge in 697, are all preserved to this day; and obtain the first rank in the Venetian Nobility, with the Title of the twelve Electoral Houses Most of the Princes of Italy, and not them only, but Hen. III. and Henry le Grand, Kings of France, have desired to be received into the Body of the Nobility of this State: For which, others, who purchase their Nobility, ordinarily pay one hundred thousand Duckats. In the year 1177. the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and Pope Alexander III. were reconciled in a Council here: but the common story of the Pope's putting his foot upon the Emperor's Neck is rejected and refuted by Baronius. In the year 1451, the Bishop of this City had the Title of a Patriarch given him: who writes, Divina Miseratione Venetiarum Patriarcha, without the addition of Sanctae sedis Apostolicae gratia; and is nominated by the Senate. Aquitela is another Patriarchate within the Dominions of this State: who, though that City belongs to the House of Austria, find means to keep the Patriarchate constantly full, against the interposition of any Person by the Emperour. The Body of S. Mark, brought hither from Alexandria, is said to be preserv'd in the NOble Church of his name in this City. Here are accounted one hundred and forty Palaces, one hundred and thirty Monasteries for Men and Women, one hundred and sixty five Marble Statues, twenty five brass, sixty seven Parishes, eighteen Hospitals, and innumerable other Testimonies of Riches and Grandeur. The several Islands are said to be joyned together by five hundred Bridges; the greatest of which called il ponte di Rio Alto, was built of Istrian Stone, in 1591. The Arsenal for their Gallies is the most celebrated, and their Harbor the most large and safe in the World. This City is the Mistress and Sovereign of the Adriatick Sea; once the Mistress of the Morea, Cyprus, Candy, the Negropont, almost all the Islands of the Archipelago up to Constantinople, Thessalonica, most of the other Sea-Port Towns of Greece, Smyrna, and many others in Asia; which have been ravished from her, by the prevailing fortunes of the Ottoman House. She is now no less gloriously strugling to regain what she dearly sold, if the Turk had at all valued human Blood. But of all these places I have discoursed in the Accounts I have given of them. She stands two hundred and sixty Miles from Rome to the North, two hundred and eighty from Vienna South, one hundred from Ravenna North, fifteen from Milan East. Upon Ascension-Day, the Doge accompanied with the whole College, and Ambassadours of Crown'd Heads, performs a Ceremony yearly at Port Lido, which is peculiarly remarkable in this City, of marrying the Adriatick Sea; which is done by throwing out of his Buccintoro (a most rich and pompous Galley for the purpose, wherein he rides in triumph) a Gold Ring into the Sea, with these words; Desponsamus te, Mare, in signum veri & perpetui dominii. This Ceremony was first instituted by Pope Alexander III. towards the end of the twelfth Century; as a solemn Declaration of the Sovereignty over the Adriatick, which the Republick had acquired by their Arms. Zebastiano Zani was the Doge at that time. To him Pope Alexander delivered a Ring, saying; Take this Ring, and upon this day in every year to come give one to the Sea, as to your lawful Spouse, to the end that all posterity may know, that the Sea by the right of Arms belongs to you. The Venetians had done great Services to Pope Alexander, against the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa; and particularly by their Victory at Sea over Otho, Son

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to that Emperor; which induced the Pope to create this Ceremony in their honour: not pretending to grant from the Roman See, what that See never had; but declaring and recognizing solemnly an ancient right in the possession of this State. Therefore when Pope Julius II. asked Donati, the Venetian Ambassador in Raillery, to show the Titles of this right; it was thought ingeniously answered by him; If your Holiness pleases to look out the original of Constantine's Donation to P. Sylvester, you will find the grant of the Adriatick Sea to the Venetians. Their Generals over the Gulph,) of whom they show in their Records, an uninterrupted Succession from 1230,) are the most ancient Marine Officers of the Republick. But the precise time of their Creation first was lost amongst the Records in a fire that year. A Venetian Historian calls this gulph, Reipublicae domum, the house in which the Republick was born. Its mouth betwixt the Cape of Otranto and that of E•questa near Vallona, extends the space of fifty or fifty five Miles. See Golfo di Venetia. The particular part of it in which the City Venice stands, was anciently called Gallicae Paludes, Septem Maria, S•agna Hadriatica: Now Lagune di Venetia. See Lagune. The Venetians date the beginning of their Republick not from the Election of the first Doge in 697. but, to represent its Age greater, from the day of the Proclamation of Rialto an Asylum, in March 25, An▪ Dom. 421: and they think it renders them more August, to compute their beginning from the same Epocha, as to the Month and Day, with that of the Incarnation of Christ, and (according to some opinions) the Creation of the World. They have in their present Constitution a Grand Council of the Nobility, a Senato, a College of Twenty six who give Audience to Ambassadors and report their Demands to the Senate, a Council of Ten; and a Triumvirate (monthly chosen by, and out of, the Ten) of three Inquisitors of State; whose Authority is so absolute, as to extend to the taking away of the Life of the Doge no less than the meanest Artisan, without acquainting the Senate, provided they all three agree in the Sentence. And no Ecclesiasticks, tho Nobles, are suffered admittance into the Councils or Offices of the State, to prevent the Policies of the Church of Rome; whose long interdict upon the Republick in the last age cannot be forgotten▪ Long. 34. 30. Lat. 45. 00.

The State of Uenice, called by the Italians, Lo Stato della Republica di Venetia, or il Dominio Veneto, is a considerable Territory in Italy. Bounded to the North by the Valteline, and the County of Tirol and Carinthia, from all which it is separated by the Alpes; on the West it has Milan; on the South Mantoua and the States of the Church; on the East the Adriatick Sea, (now commonly called the Gulph of Venice) and Carniola. Very fruitful and strangely full of People: it extends from East to West two hundred and forty Miles, from North to South one hundred. Besides Venice, it contains in Italy Belluno, Bergamo, Brescia, Crema, Fel•re, Friuli, Capo d▪ Istria, Legnago, Palma, Pola, Rovigo, Serravalle, Trevigi, Verona, Vicenza, and Ʋdine. And besides all these Territories in Italy, this State possesseth a great part of Dalmatia, Cefalonia, Corfou, Zant, and many other Islands. In 1687. and since, with the three preceding years, by her Victorious Arms and Gods blessing, she has recovered from the Turks all the Morea; and all Livadia, or Aehaia.

Uenlo, Venloa, a very strong Hanse Town, in the Ʋpper Guelderland, not much Peopled; Seated upon the Maes, in the Borders of the Dukedom of Juliers, under the Spaniards; four Leagues from Roermond to the North, and a little more from Guelders North-West.

Uennes, the same with Vannos.

Uenosa, Venusia, Venusium, a City of the Kingdom of Naples▪ in the Basilicat•; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Acerenza; seated in a fruitful Plain at the foot of the Apennine: and honored of old with the Birth of Horace the Latin Poet; at present with the Title of a Principality belonging to the Family di Ludovisia. This City is placed between Naples to the West and Taranto to the East; seventy five Miles from either, and fifteen from Acerenza to the North. In 1589 and 1614. Synods were assembled here. Long. 39. 51. Lat. 40. 57.

Ʋera Cruz, Vera Crux, a City in New Spain, in the Province of Tlascala, upon the Bay of Mexico; eighty Leagues from Mexico to the East, and seventy from the South Sea. A place of great Trade, being the Port to Mexico: but not walled, nor seated in a healthful Air▪ especially from about April to November, because it rains almost continually all that time: only it has for its defence a Castle built on a Rock: and from November to April again, the Wind and the Sun tempering each other, without rain, make the place pleasant.

Ueragua, a Province of New Spain in South America: included in the Government of Guatimala.

Uera Paz, a Province in the Government of Guatimala in New Spain, in South America; upon the Borders of the Provinces of Guatimala, properly so called, and Honduras. The Capital City bears the same name; and is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Mexico. This Province abounds with spacious Forests and Mountains, which the Spaniards are dayly levelling to improve the Air and the Soil. Upon the Eastern Coast of it lies the Golfo Dolce, or sweet water-gulph; by which Adventurers have sometime sought a passage to the Pacifick Sea in vain.

Uerberie, Verm•ria, a Royal House belonging to the Kings of France, in the Dutchy of Valois, and the Diocese of Soissons, upon the River Oise; where there have been four Councils celebrated.

Uercelli, (as the French write) Verceile, Vercellae, a City of Piedmont of great Antiquity; which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Milan. It stands upon the River Sesia, in the Borders of the Duke of Milan; and has a District called by its own name belonging to it, betwixt Montferrat, the Milanese and Ivrée: ten Miles from Casal to the North, and from Novara to the West: thirty five from Milan East, and from Turin West. It is a very strong Place; hath a Castle, a Cittadel, a famous Hospital, and handsome Churches; often taken and retaken in the late Wars; and particularly in 1638 by the Spaniards, who by the Pyrenean peace returned it, as it is now, under the Duke of Savoy. In the time of the ancient Romans, it flourished. Since, it hath been a Republick; next under the Duke of Milan; then Savoy. In 1050. P. Leo XIX. celebrated a Council at it against Berengarius, Archdeacon of Angers: who was cited, but did not appear to the same.

Uerdun, Verduna, Veroduna, Verodunum, Virdunium, Vereduna, a City of Gallia Belgica, mentioned by Antoninus: now in the Dukedom of Lorain, but separated from it by the French: under whom it has been ever since 1552, when Henry II. took it. A Bishops See under the Archbishop of Trier; great, strong, and well Peopled; seated upon the Maes, which forms several small Islands here; fifteen Leagues from Chaalons to the East, twelve from Metz and thirteen from Tulle to the North. Some of its former Bishops have been Counts of Verdun and Princes of the Empire. §. There is a Territory and Town of the same name in the Province of Gascoigne:

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Another Town in the County of Foix in Aquitain; and another County in Bourgogne.

Der Uere, Veria, a small but strong City in the Province of Zealand, in the Isle of Walcheren: which has an Harbour; one League from Middleburg to the East. It belongs to the Prince of Orange.

Uerma, a City and Kingdom in the Terra Firma of the East-Indies, beyond the Ganges: affording precious Stones.

Uermandois, Veromanduensis Ager, a County in Picardy; which is an ancient Earldom; between Tierache to the East, Le Santerre to the West, Cambray to the North, and the Isle of France to the South: the Capital is S. Quentin. It took its name from Vermand, (Augusta Veromanduorum) a ruined Roman Town, which stood anciently in this County. And was its Capital. There now stands an Abbey in the place of it. The ancient Veromandui dwelt here.

Uermelandia, a Province of Sweden.

Uermio, a Streight near New Mexico.

Uerneuil, Vernolium, a City in the Ʋpper Normandy, upon the River Aure, in the Borders of la Percbe: sometimes called Vernevil au Perche; eight Leagues from Dreux to the West, and seven from Seez and Eureux to the South. Famous for the overthrow the English gave the French in 1424: where four thousand five hundred French were slain upon the place: and the Earl of Narbone being taken, was hanged for assisting at the Massacre of John Duke of Burgundy.

Uernon, Vernonium, a City of Normandy upon the Seyne, in the Diocese of Eureux: over which it had a Bridge of Stone, now ruined: ten Leagues from Roan South, seven from Eureux East, and from Gisors West: It had heretofore also a Palace Royal (Palatium Vernis), which in 755. and 844. was the Seat of two Councils.

Ueroli. See Veruli.

Ueron, a small Town near Sens in Champaigne, in France: remarked for a Fountain of such a nature, as to petrifie the mire and moss through which it runs.

Uerona, a City of Lombardy, which is great and famous; called by the Germans Dietrichs Bern. It is a Bishops See under the Patriach of Aquileja; and the Capital of a Province of its own name, called the Veronois: It stands upon the River Adige, over which it has four Bridges, and three Castles: thirty five Miles from Trent South, twenty two from Mintoua North, and sixty from Ferrara. Built by the Gauls, in the year of Rome 469. two hundred eighty two years before the Birth of Christ. In the Civil Wars of Rome, made a Roman Colony. In 490. it was taken by Theodoricus: who here overthrew •doacer King of the Heruli, and took the name of Veronensis. In 901. Berengarius took it by bribing the Garrison. In 1212, it was put under the House of Este: after this the Family of the Scaligers were Lords of it seventy years, and after them the Dukes of Milan. In 1403. the Venetians obtained it from the Dutchess of Milan. In 1509. Maximilian the Emperor took it; but in 1516. it was restored to them: and is now the best City in a•• their Dominions except Venice. Catullus the Poet was Born here. Martial gives it the Epithet of Magna in Catullus's, and his time:

Tantum Magna suo debet Veron• Catullo, Quantum par•a suo Mantua Virgilio.

Its antient •irque and Amphitheatre, and many other noble Monuments, remain yet extant▪ Pope Lucius III. dyed here. In 1542. and 1589. Synods were assembled at this City. Long. 33. 10. Lat. 44. 35. Uerrua, a strong fortified Town in Piedmont, in the County of Asta, upon the Banks of the Po, and the Borders of the Dukedom of Montferrat: sixteen Miles from Turin, towards Casale: upon an advanced ground. In the Wars betwixt Piedmont and Ferrara, a Sculpture was made upon the Gate of the Castle, of a bunch of Grapes hanging over the head of a Swine, and he in vain opening his mouth to catch it; with this Inscription,

Quando questo porco pigliara l'Ʋva, Il Marquese di Montferrato pigliara Verrua.

When this Hog shall catch the Grapes, The Marquess of Montferrat shall take Verrua. In the year 1625. The Spaniards besieg'd this Town under the Duke of Feria. And to deride their attempt too in the same manner, the Inhabitants put the name of the Duke of Feria in the place of the Marquess thus;

Quando questo porco pigliara l'Ʋva Il Duca di Feria Pigliara Verrua.

Accordingly, the Spaniards miscarried.

Uersacgli, the Turkish name of Pisidia, a Province of the Lesser Asia.

Uersailles, Versaliae, a Town in the Isle of France, where the present King of France has built a most Noble Palace since 1661; upon an eminence, in the middle of an excellent Valley for hunting; where before in the Reign of Lewis III. stood only an old indifferent Castle, which was made the rendezvouze of parties of Hunters, as they took or left the field. In 1678. Lewis XIV. rebuilt this Castle, with the greatest Magnificence. Many curious Buildings and noble Works have, at several times, been added for grandeur. He makes this place his continual Residence; and the Town of Versailles, now accompanying the Pallace, wholly oweth its beginning to him. It stands four Leagues from Paris to the East, and two from S.▪ Clou.

Uervin, Vervins, Verbinum, a small Town in Picardy, in the County of Tierache; scarce four Leagues from the Borders of Champagne, sixteen from Reims North, and four from Marle South: often mentioned on the account of a Peace here made between Henry IV. of France, and Philip II. of Spain, May 2. 1598.

Uer•lam, Verolamium, an ancient Roman City and Colony; mentioned by Tacitus and Ptolemy; in Hartfondshire; the Royal City of Cassibellanus a British Prince, contemporary with Julius Caesar; by whom this City was taken fifty two years before the Birth of our Saviour, in his second Expedition into Britain. In the year of Christ 66. it was taken and intirely ruined by Boadicia, Queen of the Iceni; and all the Romans put to the Sword: yet it recovered again, and flourished as long as the Romans continued in Britain; and under Dioclesian had one famous Martyr called Albanus. In 429▪ there was a British Synod held here by S. German, Bishop of Auxerre in France, against the Pelagians. Soon after, it fell into the Hands of the Saxons. I suppose about 465. Retaken by Ʋthe Pendragon; who began his Reign in 498. and Reigned eighteen years. Again retaken by the Saxons, and intirely ruined. In 975. Offa King of the Mercians built (on the other side the little River Ver, which washed the Walls of it) a goodly Monastery in Honour of S. Alban; which after

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became a great Town. K. James I. revived the Memory of this place: when he made Sir Francis Bacon, then Lord Chancellour of England, Lord Verulam, in 1620: who dying without Issue, the Title failed; but he yet honors the place by lying buried in a little Church near it.

Veruli, or Veroli, Verulum, a City in Campania di Roma, under the Dominion of the Pope; which is a Bishops See, and now in a tolerable condition: upon the River Cosa: forty eight Miles from Rome to the South, and from Capua to the North; sixty from Pescara West.

Vesere. See Weser.

Vesle, Vidula, a River of Champagne; which ariseth three Leagues from Chaalons to the East, and watering Reims falls into the Aisne.

Vesoul, Vesulum, a small but neat City in the Franche Comté: nine Leagues from Besanzon, and thirteen from Beaucaire West. Now in the Possession of the French.

Vesprin, Vesprinum, Vesprimium, a City of the Lower Hungary; called by the Inhabitants Vesprim, by the Germans Weisbrun. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Gran. The Capital of a County of the same name, strong and populous, and defended by a Castle: Seated on the River Sarwize, eleven German Miles from Gran South, and five from Alba Regalis West. This has been in the hands of the Emperour ever since 1565.

Vesulus, one of the Cottian Alpes; betwixt Dauphine to the West, and Piedmont to the East. Now called Mont viso. The River Po derives its head from it.

Vesuvius, a Vulcanoe in the Terra di Lavoro, in the Kingdom of Naples; eight Miles from the City Naples: near the Castle of Somma: from which last place the Italians give it the name of il Monte di Somma. The particular times of its overflowing with stormes of fire are all recorded in History, since our Saviour and the Reign of Augustus. viz. in the years 81. 243. 421. 985. 973. 983. 1036. 1038. 1138. 1139. 1430. 1500. 1631 1660. 1682. Where the Intervals sometimes continue two or three hundred years; at others, not above one, two, and ten. In its last rupture in 1682. Aug. 14. it covered the whole Dukedom of Massa (adjacent) with ashes of a nauseous odour, and set on fire the wood of Otajano. The twentieth, it caused an Earthquake of three hours continuance, which reached to Naples. The twenty second, it cast forth floods of smoak, ashes, coals, attended with a roaring noise, Flames, Earthquake, and Thunder; the Flames ran from it unextinguished, in the midst of vast storms of Rain; filling Naples with Ashes. And on the 24th. it ended in a cloud of white ashes. Before the Reign of Augustus, we read of its ruptures five times. The Elder Pliny was suffocated, as he searched the causes thereof upon the place.

Veteravie. See Weteraw.

Veuxin, Vexin, Velocasses, a Territory in Normandy; betwixt the Rivers Apte and Ardelle; the Capital of which was Roan, but now Gisors. §. There is another in the Isle of France of the same name, between the Oyse and the Apte; the Capital of which is Pontoise. This for distinction is called Vexin Francois, and the other Vexin Normand. §. There is a City of the same name in Gothland, in the Kingdom of Sweden.

Vezelay, Veseliacum, Vizeliacum, a City in the Dukedom of Burgundy in Auxerre, upon the River Curez; in the Borders of Nivernois: ten Leagues from Auxerre to the South, eighteen from Nevers to the South-East, and five from Corbie in Picardy; to which Province this City is now added. P. Eugenius III. celebrated a Council here in 1145. for the recovery of the Holy Land.

Vgenti, Ʋgento, Ʋxentum, a small City in the Province of Otranto, in the Kingdom of Naples: twenty Miles from Otranto to the North-West, and eleven from Gallipoli to the East. Long. 42. 28. Lat. 39. 56.

Vgogh, Ʋgoza, a County, in the Ʋpper Hungary; towards the Tibiscus, and the Borders of Transylvania. The Capital of it is a Castle of the same name. Two German Miles from Zatmar to the East, and a little more from the Tibiscus W.

Viana, a City in Navarre, upon the River Ebro; thirteen Leagues from Pampelune, and seven from Calahorra in Castile to the South-West. Built by Sancius King of Navarre, in 1219. In 1423. made a Principality by Charles III. and ever after given to the Prince of Navarre as his Title.

Viatka, a City, River, and Province in Muscovy; one hundred and twenty Miles from Cazan to the North.

Viburg, Viburgum, a City in Sweden; the Capital of Carelia; and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Riga: one hundred and sixty Miles from Narva to the North, upon the Bay of Finland; on which it has a Haven and a strong Castle. The Muscovites have several times in vain assaulted it.

Vicenza, or Vincenza, Vicentia, Vicetia, Vincentia, a City in the States of Venice in Lombardy; which is a Bishops See under the Patriarch of Aquileja: a great, strong City, under the Republick of Venice, upon the River Bachiglione: Eighteen Miles from Padoua, thirty from Verona East and from Feltria South. Taken by Maximilian, in 1509. Long. 33. 40. Lat. 44. 50. It was inhabited anciently by the Euganei. The Gauls were Benefactors to it. The Romans and the Lombards possessed it; each in the times of their Power. It fell to the Venetians, not till after great revolutions and divers Wars. The pleasantness of its situation gives it the Title, of the Garden of Venice. It is the Capital of the Territory of the Vincentine. In 1583. and 1623. Synods were assembled here.

Vich, Vicus, Aquae Voconiae, Ausa Nova, Corbio, a small City in Catalonia; which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Tarragona. Seated upon the River Tera, twelve Leagues from Barcellone to the North, and nine from Girone to the West. In 1627. a Synod was held at this City.

Vichy, a Village in the Dukedom of Bourbonne in France; of great fame for some Springs of Medicinal Mineral Waters.

Vico della Baronia, Vicus, a small City of the Kingdom of Naples, in the Further Principato; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Benevento; it stands at the foot of the Apennine, thirteen Miles from Conza to the North.

Vico di Sorrento, Vicus Aequensis, a small City in the Kingdom of Naples, in the Province di Lavoro; which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Sorrento. Built by Charles II. King of Naples, in 1300. four Miles from Sorrento, and eighteen from Naples to the South.

Victoria, Victoria, Vellica, Vitoria, a City in the Province of Alava, in the Borders of Biscay. Sixteen Leagues from Pampelon to the West, twelve from Bilbao, and twelve from Burgos to the South-East.

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Built in 1180. and now in a thriving condition.

Vidin, Widin, Bydena, Viminiacum, a City of Servia: which is an Archbishops See, and the Seat of the Turkish Governour. It stands upon the Danube, (where it receives the Lon) 9 German Miles from the Borders of Thrace to the West, and fifteen from Nissa to the North. Taken by the Imperialists after a defeat of 10000 Turks that were posted near it, Octob. 1689. Retaken by the Turks in 4 days Sept. 1690.

Vieliluki, Vieliluchia, Vielkolucha, a strong City upon the River Lovat, in the Dukedom of R•scow, in the Borders of Lithuania in Moscovy: 30 Polish Miles from Witepska to the North; and 16 from the Lake of Illmen to the South. Taken by Stephen, King of Poland, Decemb. 16. 1580.

Vienna, Vienna; Ala Flaviana, Juliòbona, Vindobona, the Capital City of Austria, and Seat of the Emperors of Germany; called by the Inhabitants Wien, by the French Vienne, by the Turks Beetz or Weetz, by the Poles Wieden. It is one of the greatest, most populous, strong, and rich Cities in Germany: seated on the South side of the Danube; over which it has a Bridge, (where it receives a small River called the Wien; from whence it has its present Name.) Also a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Saltzburg. Made an Imperial City by Frederick II. in 1236: But this Privilege lasted only four Years. Hofman saith, it is the noblest City on the Danube, both as to the Beauty, Magnificence of its Buildings, and the abundance of all things useful to the Life of Man. Taken in 1485. by Matthius Corvinus, King of Hungary. Besieged by the Turks in 1529. September 15. under Solyman II. with an Army of 200000 Men: but his Cannon being sunk or disordered by the Governour of Presbourgh in their way up the Danube after two general Assaülts in vain, and the News of the March of the Emperor Charles V. to its relief, he raised the Siege, October 15. Again they besieged it in 1532. and 1543. And when in 1683, it was reduced in a fourth Siege to great Extremities; it was relieved by John III. King of Poland, September 10; (the Anniversary whereof is religiously here observed) after it had been violently battered from July 14. by an Army of 100000 Turks; who lost all their Tents, Baggage, Cannon and Mortars, (to the number of 180 Pieces, whereof some were marked with the Arms of the Emperors Ferdinand I. and Rodulph II.) Victual, and Ammunition; the Standard of the Ottoman Empire, engraved with these words, There is no other God but one God, and Mahomet is his Prophet; their Reputation abroad, and their Courage at home, by this Defeat; which has made them contemptible, unfortunate, and miserable ever since. The Crescent and the Star, (the Ottoman Arms) till this, had continued engraved upon the highest tip of the Tower of S. Stephens Church, from the year 1529: when the Citizens placed them there for an acknowledgment to Solyman II. who, during his Siege, totally exempted that Cathedral from Battery. But no such regard to it having been observed by the Turks in the last Siege, a Cross was immediately advanced in the place of the Crescent. This City has been the Seat of the Emperors of Germany ever since 1438. Frederick II. founded an University in it, in 1237. which Albert III. Archduke of Austria reestablished in 1365. In 1267. a Council was celebrated here. The Scotch College was a principal, and stately Building of this City, before its destruction in the last Siege. It is fortified with 12 Bastions. The Learned Dr. Edward Brown, in his Travels, has excellently described the present State of it; and to him I remit the Reader. It stands 26 German Miles from Lintz to the East, 6 from the Borders of Hungary, 50 from Cracow, 34 from Buda. Long. 39. 10. Lat. 48. 22.

Vienne, Vienna, a most antient City of Gallia Narbonensis: in the Roman times, the Metropolis of the Allobroges; and then a great and Royal City. Called, by Pomponius Mela, Vienna Allobrogum. Now an Archbishops See; seated in the Dauphine upon the Rhosne, (where it entertains the Gera) over which it had a Bridge, (now half ruined); at the foot of an Hill; 13 Leagues from Grenoble to the West, 5 from Lyons to the South, and 11 from Valence. Pope Calixtus II. was an Archbishop of this City. It is the Capital of the Territory of Viennois; which lying betwixt the Rhosne and Isere, is called the Island of the Allobroges. This City in the Roman Coins, Inscriptions and Histories, is called the Illustrious, Adorned, Strong, Beautiful, Fruitful Colony of Vienna. Claudius, the Emperor, chose several of its Citizens into the Roman Senate. Hither Pilate and Archelaus the Son of Herod the Great were banished. Valentinian the Younger was here murdered by Arbogastes a traiterous Courtier, in 392. In the fifth Century it became the Seat of the Kings of Burgundy: that Kingdom beginning about 408. In 504. Gundabond, one of these Kings, took it by a Siege, and slew Godigisilas his Brother, who defended it against him. In 532. there was an end put to this Kingdom by Clothaire King of France. In 855. it became the Seat of a second French Burgundian Kingdom; which ended in 1032. And this City passed to the Emperors of Germany. In 1100. it was seized by one Guine, by the Title of Earl or Dauphine of Vienne: and continued in this Line till 1342, when it was again united to the Crown of France. Also regardable on the account of a Council held here, in 1311. by Pope Clement V. assisted with the Patriarchs of Alexandria and Antioch, and 300 Bishops; in the presence of Philip le bel King of France. This Council rendered the Feast of Corpus Christi, before instituted by Pope Ʋrban IV. of universal observance. In 1119. Pope Gelasius II. held also a Council here. Another in 1112. excommunicated the Emperor Henry V. and declared the Treaty betwixt Pope Paschal II. and him, touching Investitures, null. In 892. the Legate of Pope Formosus celebrated a Council in the same place; where there have been divers others. Long. 26. 00. Lat. 45. 28.

Vienne, Vigenna, Vigenne, a River of France, which ariseth in Limosin: and watering Limoges, entereth La Marche: passeth into Poictou, and three Leagues above Saumur to the East, falls into the Loyre.

Vieste, Viesta, Apeneste, a City in the Capitanato, a Province of the Kingdom of Naples: which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Manfredonia; and stands at the foot of Mount Gargani, ▪upon the Adriatick Sea; 25 Miles from Manfredonia to the South-East. Built out of the Ruins of Marinum, an antient Roman City; which was honoured with a Bishops See, and mentioned by Pliny.

Vietri, a Town and Dutchy in the Kingdom of Naples, near Salerno.

Vigazolo, Vigisole, Togisonus, a Lake in the Territory of Padoua in Lombardy.

Vigenne, Vincenna, a River of Burgundy.

Vigevano, Viglebanum, Vergeminum, a small City with a strong Castle in the Dukedom of Milan: in 1530. made a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Milan; from which it stands 20 Miles to the West, and 12 from Novara, upon the River Tecino. There is a small County belonging to it of the same name.

Vignori, Vangionis Rivus, a Town in Champagne.

Vihitz, Vihitza, a City of Croatia, also called Bigion, upon a small Lake made by the River Wana; 45 Miles from Segna or Zeng to the East; and from

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Zara ro the North: formerly the Capital of Croatia, and a Hanse Town.

Uikesland, a Tract in Esthonia in Livonia; between Reval and Pernaw; upon the Baltick Sea: under the Swedes.

Uilaine, Vindana, Herius, Vicennonia, Vidana, a River of Bretagne in France, which watering Rennes, the Capital of that Province, falls into the British Sea, between Nantes and Vannes.

Uilla de Chiesa, Villa Ecclesiae, a City on the South side of the Island of Sardinia; which is a Bishops See, ever since the year 1513. but little, and not much inhabited.

Uilach, Cacorum, Villachum, a City of the Ʋpper Carinthia, upon the Drave, (where it receives the Geyla) in the Dominions of the Bishop of Bamberg; eighteen Miles from Clagonfurt to the West, and forty six from Ʋdine to the North.

Uilla Franca, a Town in Piedmont, in the County of Nizza; with a large Port on the Mediterranean Sea. Built in 1295. by Charles II. King of Naples: five Miles from Nizza to the West, and from Monaco to the same. Near this place the French defeated Prosper Colonna, in 1516.

Uille Franche de Conflent, Villa Franca Consluentum, a City of Rousillon; in the Mountains, upon the River Thetis, at the soot of the Pyren; ten Leagues from Perpignan to the West.

Uille Franche de Rovergue, a great City of Aquitain; in the Province of Rovergue, upon the River Veronium: eight Leagues from Rhodes to the West, and from Caors to the East. §. There is another Town of this name in the Territory of Beaujolois.

Uillemur, a Town in Languedoc.

Uillena, Bigerra, once a City of the Bastitana's; mentioned by Livy, Ptolemy, and some others. Now a Town in the Kingdom of Murcia, in the Borders of Valencia; twelve Leagues from Murcia to the North. As appears by several ancient Inscriptions there found.

Uilne, Vilna, a City in the Kingdom of Poland; called by the Inhabitants, Wilenski; by the Poles, Wylna; by the Germans, Wilde, and Wildaw; by the French, Vilne, and Vilna. It is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Gnesna, and the Capital of Lithuania. Built in 1305. by Gedemin, (Great Duke of Lithuania) and since become a very great City. Ill handled by the Russ, in 1655. when they took it. The Swedes have since regained, and rebuilt it. In 1579. there was an University opened here by King Stephen. It stands upon a River of the same name: one hundred and thirty Polish Miles from Cracow to the South-East, and forty eight from Riga to the South. Long. 49. 50. Lat. 55. 10.

Uilss, Quintanica, a River of Bavaria.

Uimen, Vinemagum, Vimesium, a Tract in Picardy; between Normandy to the South, the Mouth of the Somme to the North, and the British Sea to the West.

Uimory, a Village in the Province of Gastinois in France; one League from Montargis: where the Duke of Guise obtained a Victory over the Foreign Forces that came to the succor of the Huguenots, in 1587.

Uinay, the same with Vence.

Uincennes, a famous Palace and Castle Royal, near Paris; to the East: surrounded with a large Park, which Philip the August K. of France walled in 1183. There was a Castle standing there at that time. Philip de Valois in 1327. demolish'd that old Castle; and laid the foundations of a new one in the same place. K. John carried on the Work, and Charles V. (born here in 1338) brought it to perfection. In 1614. The Qu. Regent of France, Maria de Medicis, adorned it with a Gallery; and 1660. Lewis XIV. established both the Palace and Castle in their present State. Three of the Kings of France have died here. Lewis X. in 1316. Henry V. K. of England and by Conquest of France, in 1422. Charles IX. in 1574. The Chappel of the Castle received its Foundation from Charles V. in 1379. In this Chappel, the body of Card. Mazarine (dying here in 1661) rested, till in the year 1684▪ it was removed to the Church of the College of his own name at Paris; and his heart given to the Theatines. The Castle now serves for a Prison of State; and Persons of great note have often found their Tombs in it.

Uindish Marck, Vindorum Marchia, a part of the Dukedom of Carniola; between Croatia to the East, Czirknitzerzee to the West, and the Save to the North. The principal places of which are Metling, Rudelswerd, and Ribnick.

Uinoxberg. See Bergue S. Vinoch, a City of Flanders. Taken by the French in 1646. Retaken by the Spaniards in 1658.

Uintuniglia, Albintiminium, Albintemelium, Vintimilium, a City of Liguria, in the States of Genoua; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Milan; fifteen Miles from Nizza to the West.

Uipao, Frigius, a River of Carniola; called by the Germans, Wipach; by the Italians, Vipao. It ariseth out of the Alpes, in the Borders of Carniola, near the Castle of Wipach: and flowing through the Dukedom of Goritia, between it and Gratz, falls into the Isonzo. Upon the Banks of this River, Theodosius the Great overthrew Eugenius the Usurper, in 394.

Uique. See Vich.

Uire, Viria, a City in the Lower Normandy, of good esteem, upon a River of the same name; twelve Leagues from Caen to the North-West, and a little more from Coutance to the East.

Uirginia, a Country in North America. Bounded on the South by Carolina, on the East by the Vergivian Ocean, on the North by Maryland; on the West by Mountains, and a vast Tract of undiscovered Lands. First discovered by Sabastian Cabot, a Portuguese, in an English Ship, in 1497. Viewed by Sir Fran. Drake; called Virginia by Sir Walter Rawleigh, in Honour of Qu. Elizabeth, in 1584. First planted in 1607. by Sir John Popham. The Air is pleasant and wholsome, except in the Lowlands and Marshes. Subject to violent changes, especially when the North-West Winds blow: which coming from Mountains, always covered with Snow, are violently cold. It abounds with all things useful to the Life of Man, except Wine and Oil. The chief Town where the Governour Resides is James Town: and the whole is divided into nineteen Counties.

Uirton, Virtonium, a small City in the Dukedom of Luxemburgh, in the Borders of Lorain: five Leagues from Luxemburgh to the West, and four from Arlon to the South; under the Spaniards.

Uisapour, or Visiapour, Visapora, the Capital City of the Kingdom of Decan, in the Hither East Indies; one hundred and seventy eight English Miles from Goa to the North-East, and something more from Masulipatan to the North-West. Taken by the Great Mogul in 1687. Decan is sometimes called the Kingdom of Visapour from this City.

Uisbui, a Town in Gothland.

Uistre, Vitreus, a small River in the Territory of Nismes in Languedoc.

Uistula, one of the greatest Rivers of Poland: which in ancient times was the boundary between Germany and Sarmatia. Called anciently by Pliny, Vistullus; Ptolemy, Istula; Pomponius Mela, Visula; Ammianus Marcellinus, Bistula; now by the Sclavonians, Weissel; and by the Poles, Wissa. It springeth out of the Carpathian Hills, in the Ʋpper Silesia, in the Borders of Hungary; flowing E and being augmented with the Sala,

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watereth Crakow; then taking in the Dun••eck, the Nida, the Wislaca; and turning North, the Vieprez, and the Pilecka; and watering Cer•k•, and Warsaw; it admits the B•g and Bsura, above Plociko from the East. Beneath it washeth Doberzin, Thorn, Culm, Newenburgh. At Marienwerder divides into two Branches. The Eastern passeth by Margenburgh, and Elbing, into the Bay of Dantzick: the Western subdivides into two other Branches. The most Western of which goes by Dantzick into the same Bay, and so into the Baltick Sea: being at its full one of the noblest Streams in the World; but so shallow, that a great Ship cannot come up to the City.

Uitefleu, Vitefleur, Guitefledu, Vitefloda, a River near Calais in France.

Uiterbo, Viterbium, a City in S. Peter's Patrimony: which is a Bishops See, immediately under the Pope: great and populous: at the foot of an Hill: 40 Miles from Rome to the North-West, and from Civita Vecchia to the North. Platina saith, it was of old called V••ulonia. Four Popes lye interred in the Cathedral. In 1614. and 1624. the Bishop of it held 2 Synods here. It is the Capital of the Province.

Uitre, or Vitry le Francois, Victoriacum Francicum, a Town in Champagne in la Perche, upon the Marne: 7 Leagues from Chaalons towards Diziers. King Francis I. built it, and honoured it with his Name; to distinguish it from Vitri le Brulè hard by, which was heretofore a considerable Castle.

Uitstock, a Town in Brandenbourgh: where the Swedes and Saxons got a great Victory over the Imperialists, in 1636.

Uivaretz, Vioariensis Tractus, a Province in Languedoc, called also Vivarais. Bounded on the East by the Rhosne, (which parts it from the Dauphiné:) on the North by Forez, and Velay: on the West by Givaudan; and on the South by the Lower Languedoc (separated by the River Ardeche), and Ʋsez. The Capital City of it is Viviers; the rest are Annonay, Aubenas, Privas, and Tournon. A part of it is mountainous, and much exceeded in Fertility by the Plains that lye along the Rhosne. About 22 Leagues long, and 17 broad. Divided into the Upper and Lower Vivaretz, by the River Erieu.

Uiviers, Vivario, Vivarium, Vivario Albiensium, the Capital City of Vivaretz: which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Vienne; and stands upon a steep Hill, upon the Rhosne; 4 Leagues from S. Esprit to the North, and 5 from Valence to the South. The Maps place it 12. It is risen out of the Ruines of Abs (Alba Helviorum); which being destroyed by the barbarous Nations in 430, its See was translated hither. There are divers Churches adorning this City.

Uize, Byzia, an inland City of Thrace, upon a River of the same name, in the Borders of Bulgaria: 50 Miles from Haraclea to the North. Now an Ar. Bishops See, and the Seat of one of the Sangiacks of Romania.

Uizzegrad, or Plindenbourgh, Visegradia, a small but strong City in Hungary: upon a Hill, near the Danube; 3 Miles from Gran, and 8 from Buda. It was one of the Country Palaces of the Kings of Hungary: and has a Castle, which Matthias Corvinus, K. of Hungary, very much beautified. Lewis, K. of Hungary, died here in 1382. The Germans call it Plindenburg.

Ukraine, Ʋkrania, Ʋcrania, Okraina, a Province of Red Russia in Poland: so called, because it is the Marches between Poland, Moscovy, and the lesser Tartary: and no less frequently called the Palatinate of Kiovia. It is divided into two parts by the Nieper. The Cossacks inhabit this vast Country; which are in part under the Poles, in part under the Russ. The Industry of the latter Kings has filled it with Villages, Castles, Towns, and Forts; at this day very much cultivated. That part to the East of the Nieper is under the Russ. For the Boundaries see Kiovia.

Ula Tre•k, Ʋln, a Lake in Sweden, in the Province of Bothnia.

Uladislaw, Ʋladislavia, a small City in the greater Poland: the Capital of the Province of Cujavie, and a Bishops See under the Ar. Bishop of Gnesira; called by the Poles, Wladissaw. It stands upon the Vistula: between P•osko to the North-West, and Thorn to the South-East; 5 Polrsh Miles from either. Made a Bishops See in 1173.

Ulie, Flevo, Flevum, an Island at the mouth of the Rhine in Holland; 3 Leagues from the Shoars of Friseland: where the Dutch Fleets use to rendezvous, when they go upon any Expedition.

Ulles-Water, a Lake upon the Borders of Cumberland and Westmorland, which yields great plenty of Fish.

Ulm, Ʋlma, a City of Germany, in the Circle of Schwaben, whereof it is the Capital: called by the French, Oulme; great, strong, rich, and populous. It stands upon the Danube, and the Iler; 12 German Miles from Tubingen, and 24 from Strasbourgh, 10 from Ausbourgh. In the Titles of the middle Age, it is called Hulma; in the more ancient Alcimoenis. Not walled before 1300. Charles the Great gave it to the Abbey of Richenow by Constance: and being redeemed from this Servitude, in 1346. Lewis of Bavaria made it a Free City. It embraced the Reformation in 1529. In 1552. it suffered much from the Protestant Princes; yet to this day it perseveres in the Augustane Confession. Allowing to the Roman Catholicks 2 Churches; but excluding them from their Secret Council. Long. 32. 00. Lat. 48. 16.

Ultzen, a Town in the Dutchy of Lunenbourgh in the Lower Saxony: upon the River Ilmenaw or Die Aw: 5 German Miles from the City Lunenbourgh to the South, and the same distance from Dannebergh to the West.

Ulstet, Ʋltonia, the most Northern of the four Provinces of the Kingdom of Ireland: called by the Irish, Cui Gully; by the English, Ulster; by the Welsh, Wltw; bounded on the North by the Ocean, on the West by Canought and the Ocean, on the South by Leinster, and on the East by the Irish Sea. In length from North to South 100 Miles; in breadth from East to West 130; in circumference 420. Tho it lies so far to the North; yet it is not subject to any extremity of Weather; the various Winds cooling it in Summer, and frequent Rains mollifying the sharpness of the Air in Winter. The Soil is fruitful in Corn and Grass; affords great plenty of Timber and Fruit Trees. It abounds with Lakes and Rivers, which are well stored with Fish and Fowles, and of sufficient depth for carrying Boats and Vessels. It wants not excellent Harbours on the Sea and Ocean. This Province contains these Counties; Dunghall, or Tyrconnel, Upper Tyrone, Nether Tyrone, Fermanagh, Cavan, Monaghan, Colrane, or London-Derry, Antrim, Downe, Armagh, and Louth. The Capital City is Armagh or Armath. The rest are London-Derry, Dunghall, Downe, and Knockfergus.

Ulverstoit, a Market Town in Lancashire, in the Hundred of Loynsdale, upon a Stream falling into an Arm of the Sea near Leversand.

Umbriatico, Ʋmbraticum, Brustacia, a City in the Hither Calabria, in the Kingdom of Naples: a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Sancta Severina; from which it stands 10 Miles to the North.

Umbrone. See Ombrone.

Umegiunaibe, a City of the Province of Cuzt, in the Kingd. of Fez in Barbary: betwixt the Rivers Esacha and Mulvia.

Underwaldt, Sylvania, Sylvaniensis and Ʋndervaldensis Pagus, a Canton in Switzerland, the Capital of which is Stantz. On the North it is divided from

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Schwitz by the Lake of Lucerne; on the East it has the Canton of Ʋri; on the South that of Berne, and and on the West Lucerne. This is one of the lesser Cantons. The Inhabitants profess the Roman Catholick Religion. A Wood or Forrest called Kernwalt (the Oak Forrest) divides this Canton in the midst, and from thence it has its Name. This Canton began to free it self about 1260. First admitted into the general League, in 1307: from thenceforward they have had the sixth place in the Roll or List of the Cantons.

Unghwar, Ʋngaria, a small City in the Upper Hungary; which is the Capital of a County of the same name, at the Foot of the Carpathian Hills. This City stands upon the River Ʋngh, in the Borders of Red Russia: 6 Hungarian Miles from Cassovia to the East, and from Zatmar to the North. Has been always in the Hands of the Christian Princes: It joyned with Teckeley; and was retaken by the Emperor, in the year 1685; yet situated naturally strong. Some Hungarian Historians derive the Name of their Country from this City, or its River.

Unna, an Hanse Town in the County of Mark in Westphalia in Germany; which was a considerable City, but now very small, and subject to the Duke of Brandenburg. Ten Miles from Dartmund to the East, and from the Borders of Munster to the South.

Uoidanar, Atrax, one of the principal Cities of Thessaly, upon the River Atrax; 30 Miles from Larissa to the West.

Uoigtlandt, Voigtlandia, Voigtia, a Province of Germany, in the Upper Saxony and Misnia: for the most part under the Elector of Saxony. It lies between Bohemia to the East, and Franconia to the West. The principal Places in which, are Swickaw, Plauwen, and Gratz.

Uolcano, in the Italian and Spanish Tongues, signifies a Burning Mountain. Of which sort there are in several places of the World about twenty.

Uolfembuttel, Wolfembutel, a City of Germany, in the Dukedom of Brunswisk.

Uolhinia Superior, a part of Red Russia; called also the Palatinate of Luceoria. Bounded with Russia, (properly so called) to the West; Podolia to the South, the Palatinate of Brescia to the North, and Kiovia to the East. The Capital of it is Lusuck.

Uolhinia Inferior. See the Palatinate of Kiovia.

Uolo, a Town and Fortress upon the Gulph of its own Name, and the Coast of the Province of Thessalia, in Macedonia: North of the Island of Negrepont. It is the same place with the Pagasae of the Antients, and the same Gulph with their Sinus Pagasicus. The Turks made a Magazine of it, both for Amunition and Provision. It hath a sure and spacious Port. In the year 1655. Morosini, resolving to seize the Turkish Magazine, stormed the Town and Fortress, till he made himself Master of both; he put on board his Fleet twenty seven Canons, and above four Millions of Pounds weight of Bisket. Burnt the Magazine, Houses, and Mosques; and levelled the Walls to the ground.

Uolcei, an antient People of Latium, in Italy; who resisted the Roman Power very much, to their own loss. T. Sicinius, Consul, defeated them in the year of Rome 257. Q. Capitolinus beat them again in 316. A. Postloumius Tubertus, Dictator, triumphed over them in 325. And Camillus constrained them to submit in 365. Their Country now makes a part of Campagna di Roma.

Uolterra, Volaterra, Volaterrae, one of the most antientest Cities in Italy, in Hetruria; in the Territory of Pisa, upon a Mountain; and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Florence; from whence it stands 34 Miles to the South. In 1578. and 1590. Synods were celebrated here. The Soil about it yields abundance of Mineral Waters. There are divers antient Statues yet remaining in this City. Lon. 33. 40. Lat. 42. 46.

Uoltorno, Vulturnus, a River in the Kingdom of Naples: it springeth out of the Apennine in the Borders of the hither Abruzzo; and flowing South through the Province di Lavoro, near Venafro and Ali•i beneath Tolesi, it receives the Sabato; and watering Capua, falls into the Tyrrhenian Sea, 20 Miles North of Naples.

Uoltutiraria, Vulturaria, a small City in the Capitanata, in the Kingdom of Naples: a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Benevento; from which it stands 24 Miles to the North.

Uoville, a Town in Poictiers in France: where Clovis, King of France, gained a great Victory over Alarick, King of the Goths; whom he slew with his own hands, in the year of Christ 507.

Uoutenai, a place near Auxerre in Burgundy; where Charles (surnamed the Bald) got a great Victory over Lothaire, in the year of Christ 841.

Uplandia, a Province in the Kingdom of Sweden; (the Capital of it is Ʋpsal); in which stands Stockholm, the Royal City of that Kingdom. Bounded on the North with Gestricia, on the East by the Baltick Sea, on the South by the Sudermannia, and on the West by Westmannia. Very fruitful and well cultivated.

Uppingham, a well built neat Market Town in the County of Rutland, and the Hundred of Martinsley: situated upon an Hill; and accommodated with a Free-School and an Hospital.

Upsal, Ʋpsalia, is the Capital City in the Kingdom of Sweden, in the Province of Ʋpland; in 1148. made an Archbishops See by Pope Eugenius III. It stands upon the River Sala, (which falls into the Lake of Ekolen) seven Swedish Miles from Stockholm to the North. Long. 44. 15. Lat. 60. 05. It was for many Ages the Seat of the Kings of Gothland; and to this day the Kings of Sweden are crown'd there, in memory of its antient Glory. It is also an University: defended by a strong Castle built near it on a Rock. In the Cathedral you see the Tombs of many of the Kings of Sweden; who bore the Style of Kings of Ʋpsal in former times. And here in 1654. the famous Christiana Queen of Sweden resigned her Royal Diadem. See Sweden.

Upsu. See Alaschehir.

Upton, a Market Town in Worcestershire. The Capital of its Hundred; upon the Severn, in the South of the County. It is well built, and an antient Roman Town.

Ur, an antient City of Chaldaea. The place of the Birth and Death of Haran, Abraham's Brother, Gen. xi. 28.

Uraha, a Gulph upon the Coast of the Terra firma, in South America: together with a Province of the same Name.

Uraniburg, or Ʋranisbourgh, Ʋraniburgum, a splendid Castle, and Observatory, in the Island of Huen, near Coppenhagen in the Sound; betwixt Seeland and the Province of Schonen; built by Tycho Brahe, a Danish Baron; the celebrated Astronomer, in 1575. But since, having been neglected, is ruined.

Urba, the same with Orba.

Urbanea, Ʋrbinia, a small new City in the Dukedom of Ʋrbino, under the Pope: made a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Ʋrbino, by Pope Ʋrban VIII. in 1635. who, from an ordinary Village, adorned it to this Dignity, enlarged its Buildings, and left it his Name. It stands 7 Miles from Ʋrbino to the North-West.

Urbinio, Ʋrbinium, is a City of Ʋmbria, in the States of the Church; which is an Archbishops See, and the Capital of the Dukedom of that Name. A great and flourishing City, seated near the Fountains of

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the River La Foglia: 20 Miles from the Adriatick Sea to the North-West, 7 from the Ʋrbanea, and 25 from Rimini. Made an Archbishops See in 1563.

Il ducato di Urbino, is that part of Ʋmbria which lies beyond the Apennine. Bounded on the North by the Adriatick Sea and Romandiola; on the East by the Marchia Anconitana, on the South by Ombria, and on the West by the Dukedom of Florence. This Country was under Sovereign Dukes; first of the Family of Feltria, and after of Roborea: the last of which having no Male Issue, in 1631. resigned his Dominions in his life time to Pope Ʋrban VIII. to prevent any Quarrels about it after his Death: and ever since it has been united to the Papacy. Reckoned to contain 3 Ports, 7 or 8 Castles, and nigh 350 Towns, beside the Cities. The Cities of it are Cagli, Gubio, Fossombrone, Pesaro, Senigaglia, Ʋrbanea, and Ʋrbino; which last is the Capital City.

Urgel, Orgelium, Ʋrgella, Ʋrgela, Orgia, a City of Catalonia in the County of Ceretania: at the foot of the Pyrenean Hills. A Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Tarragona, upon the River Segre; 5 Leagues from the Borders of France to the South, 28 from Barcinone, and 9 from Perpignan. It had Counts of great Power under the second Line of the Kings of Arragon. In 1580. and 1633. we find Synods assembled here. The Tract in which it stands, is from it called the Plain of Ʋrgel.

Uri, Ʋriensis Pagus, one of the Senior Cantons of Suitzerland, at the foot of the Mountains; extended along the Banks of the River Russ. And one of the first, that leagued against Albert Duke of Austria, in 1308. It's altogether Roman Catholick: and Alforf, the Capital City.

Urla, Clazomenae, a City of the lesser Asia: which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Smyrna. It stands upon the Archipelago, between Smyrna to the East, and Chio to the West. Long. 55. 15. Lat. 39. 30. The Seamen call it Uourla.

Uscopia, a great, and heretofore very populous City; situated about 30 German Miles from Nissa, and at the like distance from Thessalonique, the Capital of Macedonia. The Imperialists burnt it in 1689. It was secured only with an old Wall.

Userch, a Town in Limosin in France.

Usiza, or Ʋsciza, an open, rich, and populous City, about 20 Leagues from Belgrade, upon the Frontiers of Bosnia: having a strong Castle. Taken and plundered by a Party of Rascians in 1688. In the Emperor's hands.

Usk, a Market Town in Monmouthshire. The Capital of its Hundred. Upon a River of its own Name, over which it hath a Bridge. Well built, large, and fortified formerly with a Castle, now in Ruines. The antient Burrium of Antoninus is suppos'd to have stood here. In the Vicinage of it, the Duke of Beaufort possesses a noble Seat, called Ragland Castle. The River Ʋske discharges it self into the Severn near Newport in this County. Albeargavenny is situated upon upon this River, at the influx of the Kaveny into it.

Utica. See Biserta, its modern Name.

Utoxeter, a Market Town in Staffordshire, in the Hundred of Totmonslow, upon the River Dove.

Utrecht, Antonia, Trajectum Inferius, Ʋtricesium, Ʋltrajectum, Antonina Civitas, Civitas Ʋtricensium, a great, strong, populous City in the Ʋnited Netherlands; the Capital of one of their seven States. It stands upon the North Branch of the Rhine; at the distance of about 5 English Miles to the North; but united to it by a Navigable Channel. Twenty three Leagues from Cologne, 5 German Miles from Amsterdam to the South, and 6 from Roterdam to the East. The Original of it is unknown: but it is supposed to be a Roman Work, and built in or before the times of Nero about 186. Being ruined by the Barbarous Nations, Dagobert, King of France, rebuilt and refortified it, about 642. So that the second Pile became much more famous than the former, Willibrodus (the Apostle of the Frisons) being sent by Pope Sergius in 696. with the Title of an Archbishop; and Pepin, King of France, having, in 692, taken Ʋtrecht from Radbold the Pagan Duke of Frizeland; he assigned this City to Willibrode: and gave him the Territories, thus reckoned up by Antonius Mattheus, in his Books de Nobi itate. The Lekk, the Uechten, all the Lands which lay upon their Banks, and the Territory of Teistervant; which included a great part of Guelders, Bommel, Tiel, the Betouw, Culemborch, Viane, Asperen, Bure, Heusden, Neuctom, the Veluwe, and Ysestein. In 700. Radbold attempting in vain the recovering this City, submitted: So Willibrode, and Boniface his Successor, peaceably enjoyed this vast Diocese: which was confirmed to them, and their Privileges enlarged by Charles the Great. In after times it became a Free Imperial City of Germany. Several of the Emperors resided, and some died here: amongst whom are reckoned Conrad II. in 1039. and Henricus V. in 1122. So jealous they were of their Privileges, that they would not suffer any of their Bishops Officers to have any share in the Government of the City: nor would they suffer the Bishop to enter the Town with more Men than they allowed him, or to stay in it above five or eight days. They maintained this Liberty, (though it was sorely envied and laid at by John Count of Holland, in 1297. and by William Count of Holland in 1324.) till in 1527. the Bishop of Ʋtrecht passed over his Right to Charles V. who being a Potent Prince, easily reduc'd this City under his Obedience, built it a Castle, and in 1546. kept in it a Chapter of the Order of the Golden Fleece. It had then 4 Collegiate Churches, divers Abbeys and Ecclesiastical Houses. But in 1577. they, with the rest of Holland, revolted from the Spaniards. In 1559. it had been advanced to an Archbishoprick by Pope Paul IV. and nine Suffragan Bishops assigned to this See, which was one of the occasions of the Revolt. In 1636. it was made an University: and in 1672. it fell for a short time into the hands of the French, but is since returned to its former liberty; the Learned Dr. Brown has given a short account of the present State of this City in his Travels, Pag. 101. Long. 26. 26. Lat. 52. 10.

The State of Ʋtretcht, Sticht van Utretcht, is the fifth of the Ʋnited Provinces. Bounded South, West, and North with Holland; and on the East by Guelderland. Besides its Capital, it has Wick, the (Seat of the Bishops), Duerstede, Rhenen, Amersford, and Monfort (which are fortified strong places;) and about sixty great Villages.

Uulxin, the same with Veuxin.

Uxbridge, a large Market Town in the Coun. of Middlesex, in the Hundr. of Elt horn upon the River Coln.

Uzerche, Ʋsarcha, Ʋsarchia, a Town in the Lower Limosin, in Aquitain in France; upon the River Vezere: adorned with an Abbey and a Castle. The Abbot is Lord of the Town.

Uzes, Ʋcetia, Ʋtica, Ʋzetia, Castrum Ʋseticense, a City of the Lower Languedoc in France, upon the River Eisent: which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Narbonne; and honored with the Title of a Dukedom by King Charles VI. after it had born the Titles first of both a Barony and a Viscounty. The Bishop enjoys the Honor to be a Count; and joynt Lord of the place with the King: Therefore it hath three Castles, for the King, the Duke, and the Bishop. A rich, populous, and well traded City. John de S. Gelais its Bishop in the last Age, embraced the Reformed Religion, and married an Abbess: 'tis said he abjured it again before his death, and was buried in the Abbey of S. Maixant. In 1635. there was a Synod held here. It stands 3 Leagues from Nismes to the North, and 6 from Avignon to the West. Long. 25. 10. Lat. 43. 36.

Vzeste, a Castle in the Territory of Bazadois, in Guyenne in France; betwixt Bourdeaux and Bazas. Remarkable for the Tomb of Pope Clement V. sometime Archbishop of Bourdeaux: who was born at Villandrand, a Village one League from this Castle; died at the Castle of Roque-Maure, two Leagues from Avignon, in 1314; and was interred here in 1316.

WA. (Book w)

WAad, Vaudum, a Territory in Switzerland, called by the French Le Pais de Vaud: which was a part of the Dutchy of Savoy, till 1536. and now subject to the Canton of Berne. It is bounded on the South by the Lake of Lemane; on the West by Gex, and the Franche Comte; on the East by Berne; on the North in part by Berne, and in part by Friburgh. The Capital of it is Lausanne. The other good Towns are Avenches, or (W〈…〉purg) Yverdon, Mouldon, and Nyon. It is sometimes written Vault.

Wadstein, a Town in the Province of Ostrogothia in Sweden.

Die Wael, Helium, Vahalis, Vacalos, the middle Branch of the Rhine: which divides from it at Schencken, (a Fort beneath Emmeren); and watering Nimmeguen, Tiel, and Bommel, falls into the Maes above Gorcum, a City of Holland.

Waga, Vagus, a River in Scandia.

Wageren, Wagria, or Wagerlandt, a small Territory in Holland towards the Baltick Sea; between Lubeck to the South, and K•el to the North. The Cities of it are Lubeck, Oldesto, P•oen, Segeberg, and Oldenburg; which are divided between the King of Denmark, the Dukes of Holstein, and the Bishop of Lubeck.

Wainfleet, or Waynfleet, a Market Town in Lincolnshire, in the division of Lindsey, and the Hundred of Chandleshow; upon a Wash, in a fenny gound, which empties it self into the Sea, not far from hence. Made famous by giving Name and Birth to William of Waynfleet, Bishop of Winchester; the Founder of Magdalen College in Oxon, and of a Free-School in this Town.

Wakefield, a Market Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire, in the Hundred of Agbridge, upon the River Calder; here covered with a fair Stone Bridge, which King Edward IV. adorned with a •••ely Chappel. It is a large Town, well built of Stone, of good Antiquity; and drives the Cloathing Trade.

Walachia, Valachia, a considerable Province of the Kingdom of Hungary; called by the Germans Walachey, by the Turks I••akia, and by the Poles Wolochy. It is a part of the antient Dacia; and stands now divided into the Provinces of Walachia and Moldavia: of the latter I have spoken in its proper place. The former is bounded on the North by the Kingdom of Poland and Red-Russia; on the East by Bessarabia; on the South by Bulgaria, (separated from it by the Danube) and by Moldavia; which last also bounds it to the West. It is much less than the Maps commonly make it: also commonly misplaced, and set where Moldavia should stand. The History of it is delivered in Moldavia. To which I shall only add here; that after Mahomet IV. Emperor of the Turks, was deposed, and Solyman, his Brother, set up in his stead; and that the Duke of Lorain had seized Transylvania; the Prince and States of Walachia, in 1687. and 88. rendered themselves under the Emperor's Protection, upon condition; That the Succession in the Government of that Principality shall be continued to the Heirs Male of the present Prince, and the States be preserved in the Possession of their just Rights and Privileges; paying to the Emperor the Annual Tribute of 50000 Crowns. This Country extends from East to West 90 French Leagues: from North to South 50; in form Triangular. The Plains would be very fruitful, if they were well cultivated; but being little peopled, much ravaged by the Turks and Tartars, and lying in common, they are over-run with Weeds; for here is little or no Wood. The Mountains have rich Mines, but they are as much neglected: their Religion is that of the Greek Church. The present Valvode is Matthis George Gista; set up in 1658. by the late Sultan of the Turks.

Walcheten, Valacria, one of the Islands at the Mouth of the Schelde, which compose the Province of Zeland in the Ʋnited Netherlands. Its Capital City is Middleburgh.

New Walcheren, the same with Tabago.

Waldeck, Valdecum, a County in Hassia; between Westphalia to the West, Hassia to the East and South, and Paderborne to the North; under a Count of its own: yielding Wine, Corn, and several sorts of Mines. The principal places in it are Curback and Waldeck; which last stands upon the Eder; 5 German Miles from Cassel to the West, and 7 from Marpurg to the North.

Walden, a Market Town in the County of Essex, in the Hundred of Ʋttlesford, upon an Eminence: likewise called Saffron-Walden, from its situation amongst pleasant and profitable Fields of Saffron.

Walderswick, a Sea Town in the County of Saffolk, and the Hundred of Blithing, near Southwouldbay; adorned with a remarkable high and fair Church.

Waldhust, Valdhusta, a small City in the Province of Schwaben in Germany, upon the Rhine, in the Territory of K•egow; 7 German Miles from Basil to the East, 5 from Schafhouse, and 2 from La•fenburgh. Under the Emperor.

Wales, Vallia, is a Principality on the West of England. Bounded on the West and North by the Irish Sea; on the East by Cheshire, Shrapshire, Herefordshire, and Monmouthshire; (this latter being; a long time a part of it) and on the South by the Severn Sea. It contains twelve Shires; Pembroke, Caermarden, Glamorgan, Brecknock, Radnor, Cardigan, Mountgomery, Merioneth, Denbigh, Flint, Caernarvon, and Anglesey. After many and those most bloody Wars, this Principality was finally united for ever to the Crown of England by Edward I. in 1284. Prince Edward, his eldest Son, made Prince of Wales: which Title to the Heir apparent of England still belongs. The rest of its description is given in the proper places.

Wallingford, a Market Town and Corporation in Berkshire, in the Hundred of Moreton, upon the River Thames, here covered with a Bridge: a famous place both in the Roman and Saxon times. It is the antient Guallena; the Seat of the Attrebatii, a British Tribe; and under the West-Saxons was the Capital Town of these parts: being adorned with 12 Parish Churches, a Castle of great strength, and Walls which were a Mile in circuit. The Tracts and Ruines of those Walls yet appear, and part of the Castle: together with one Church: which declension from its pristine State was occasioned by a Plague in 1348. It retains the Honor of the Election of two

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Members to represent it in the lower House of Parliament.

Wallisserlandt, Valinsa, Vallesia, a great Canton in Switzerland; called by the French Vallais, or Vallays; by the Germans Wallisserlandt; by the Italians Vallesia. It extends from East to West; between the Canton of Schwitz to the North and East, the Dukedom of Milan and Aouste to the South, and Savoy to the West. The Capital of it is Sytten or Syon: and the other principal Cities are Martigny and S. Maurice. This Canton was united for ever to the rest in the general League, in 1533. Its extent from East to West is almost 100 Miles, its breadth between 15 and 30. The Religion here professed is the Roman Catholick; for the maintenance of which, the Bishop (who is their Prince) combined with the 7 Popish Cantons, in 1572. It is a pleasant fruitful Valley, abounding with Saffron, Corn, Wine, and delicate Fruits; enriched with Meadows and excellent Pastures; surrounded every way with craggy and unpassable Rocks and Mountains, which afford but one entrance into it, and that defended by two Gates and a Castle. These Mountains are at all times covered with Ice and Snow; not to be passed by an Army, nor easily by a single Person.

The Walloons, the People of the Earldomes of Flanders and Artois, in the Low Countries, are commonly called by this Name.

Walsall, a Market Town in Staffordshire, in the Hundred of O••ow; upon the top of a high Hill.

Walsham North, a Market Town in the County of Norfolk, in the Hundred of Blowfield.

Walsingham, a Market Town in the County of Norfolk, in the Hundred of N. Grenehoe: Noted formerly for the Concourse of Pilgrims to two Wells, called to this day the Virgin Mary's Wells, and to the Chappel near them. There was also formerly a College of Canons at this Town: And the good Saffron, it used to yield, was no small addition to its Name.

Waltham-Abbey, a Market Town in the County of Essex; of great fame formerly for the Abbey it carries in its Name. The Capital of its Hundred. § Another in the County of Southampton, for distinction called Waltham Bishops. The Capital of its Hundred also.

Wana, Vana, a River of Croatia, which watereth Vihitz: and then falls into the Save above Gradiska, in the Borders of Friuli.

Wandesworth, a Town in the County of Surrey, in the Hundred of Brixton, upon the River Wandle. Some numbers of French Protestants have setled here.

Wandesdike, a large Trench, or Dyke, in Wiltshire: Supposed by Mr. Cambden to be made by the West-Saxons, for a Boundary to their Kingdom against the Mercians. It lies in the midst of the County, extended many Miles from East to West: and saw many Battles fought betwixt those two Kingdoms.

Wang, a small River in the County of Suffolk; which ri•eth in Westhall, and running East, watereth the Town of Wangford: then falls into the Blithe, a little above Southwould.

Wantage, a Market, and Thorough-fare Town, in Berkshire; in the Hundred of Wanting.

Waradin, Varadinum, a great strong City of the Upper Hungary; called by its Inhabitants Warad, by the Germans, Gross-Wardein, to distinguish it from Petro Waradin in Sclavonia. It stands upon the River Kerez, in the Borders of Transylvania; (to which Principality of latter times it belonged); and is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Colocza: defended by a strong Castle. In 1660. it was taken by the Turks; before which the Crim Tartars took it in 1242. In 1290. Ladislans, K. of Hungary built the Cathedral Church. It was besieged by a puissant Army of the Turks, in 1598. which miscarried. But in 1660. they took it by surprise in a time of Peace. On the East the Castle stands, on the North the River runs; it has a Wall with Ramparts, after the modern way; flanked with 5 Royal Bastions, and a good regular Dike, which may be filled upon occasion by the River Water: within there is another inclosure of 5 Bastions and a high Wall, which may serve instead of a Cittadel. This City stands 22 Miles from Giula to the North, 80 from Weissemburg to the West, and 100 from Buda to the East. Lately recovered by the Imperialists from the Turks, after a long Blockade and Siege. The Capital of a County of its own name. Longit. 44. 56. Latit. 47. 08.

Warasdin, Variana, Varsdinum, a City of Stiria.

Warburgh, an Imperial and Hanseatique City, in the Circle of Westphalia, in Germany.

Warczkovie more, the Russian Name of the Baltick Sea.

Wardhus, Vardhusia, the North part of the Kingdom of Norway. Bounded on the North by the frozen Sea, on the East by the Russ Lapland, on the West by Drontheim, and on the South by the Swedish Lapland. It has only one Town of its own Name, and a few Villages of no value. Under the King of Denmark.

Ware, a Market Town in Hartfordshire, in the Hundred of Branghing, upon the River Lea: from whence a Channel of the New River Water is cut for serving of London.

Warfe, a River in Yorkshire, falling into the Are below Pontefract; and into the Ouse below York. Otley, Wetherby, and Tadcaster stand upon it.

Warham, a Market Town and Corporation in Dorsetshire: in the Hundred of Winfrith: situated at the fall of the Rivers Frome and Biddle into Luckford Lake: to which it hath a Harbour, defended formerly by a strong Wall and a Castle. But as the two latter have found their Ruins in the Wars of this Kingdom; so the other is choaked up. The Corporation retains the Honour of the Election of two Members to represent it in Parliament.

Warmerlandt, Warmia, a Province of Prussia, called by the Inhabitants Ermelandt. Bounded almost every way by the Ducal Prussia; the Capital of it is Heilsbergh, in which the Bishop of this Province resides: which stands 8 German Miles from Regensperg to the South.

Warminster, a Market Town in Wiltshire, the Capital of its Hundred; seated at the Spring of the River Willybourn or Willy; and heretofore of very great note: being the antient Verlucio.

Warrington, Khigodunum, a Town in Lancashire in the Borders of Cheshire; upon the River Mersey, over which it hath a fair stone Bridg leading into the last mentioned County: in the Hundred of Darby. Here the Scotch Army under Duke Hamilton was defeated by the Parliamentarians, in the year 1648.

Warsaw, VVarsovia, the Capital City of the Kingdom of Poland: called by the Poles VVarswa, by the Germans Warschaw, by the French Varsovie. It is the chief City of Mazovia; upon the Vistula. Twenty four Miles from Lenczycze, or Lanschet, thirty three from Gnesna, and fifty from Lemburg. Taken by the Swedes in the year 1665. after a great Victory; the year following the Poles retook it; and it is now under its own Prince. A great and populous City, being as it were near the Centre of that Kingdom; has enjoyed the Residence of their Kings and the Courts of Justice, ever since the Reign of Sigismond III. who built here a Royal Palace for his Successors. There has also

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been added a great pile of Buildings, now called the New City. Long. 43. 20. Lat. 52. 25.

Warte, Varta, a River of Poland; which arising out of the Lesser Poland, and entring the Greater, washeth Siracks and Posnan; and taking in the Obra, the Notesik, and the Prosna, beneath Landsperg in the Marquisate of Brandenburg, falls into the Oder near Custrin.

Warwick, Varvicum, Praesidium Verovicum, the Shire-Town of the County of Warwick, is seated on the West-side of the River Avon (over which it has a Stone Bridge) in the middle of the County. Called by the Welsh, Caer Guarvic and Caer Leon; by the Romans, Praesidium; which signifies the same thing with the Brittish Name. It stands upon a steep and craggy Rock mounted on high, not easily approached; hath two Parish Churches, a handsom Market-House of Freestone, an indowed Hospital: the Assizes and Sessions for the County are kept at it; and it was fortified with Walls and Ditches, and towards the South-VVest it had a strong Castle. Ethelsled (a Mercian Queen) rebuilt it in the year 911. In the year 1076, Henry de Newburg was created Earl of Warwick by William the Conqueror. This Family lasted five Descents; and in the year 1242, John Marshal was the seventh Earl, in the Right of Margery, Sister and Heir of Thomas the last Earl. John de Placetis, her second Husband, was the eighth in 1243, William Maudit the ninth in 1263. William Beauchamp Son of Isabel (Sister and Heir of William Maudit) in 1268. This Family continued five Descents: amongst which Henry Beauchamp the Favourite of King Henry VI, who crowned him King of the Isle of VVight, received this Place with the advanced Title of Duke; which vanished after him. And in the year 1449, Richard Nevil (who married Anne Sister of Henry Beauchamp, the former Earl and Duke of VVarwick) succeeded (in the Title of Earl.) In 1471, George Duke of Clarence, Brother to Edward IV, by the Marriage of Anne Daughter of Richard Nevil, was the eighteenth; succeeded by Edward Plantagenet his Son in 1471. In 1547, John Dudley: and in 1562, Ambrose his Son, descended from the Lady Margaret, Daughter of Richard Beauchamp Earl of VVarwick. In 1618, Robert Lord Rich of Leeze was created the twenty second Earl of VVarwick by James I. Charles, great Grandson to Robert, died without Issue: whereupon Robert Rich Earl of Holland, his Cousin Germain, succeeded in the Earldom of VVarwick; and left both the Titles of Warwick and Holland united to Edward the present Earl, the twenty seventh, and the sixth of this Family. Warwick returns two Parliament Men, and stands in the Hundred of Kington.

Warwickshire, Varvicensis Comitatus, is bounded on the North by Staffordshire, on the East by Leicester and Northamptonshires, on the South by Oxford and Gloucester, and on the VVest by the County of Worcester. In length from North to South thirty three Miles, in breadth twenty five; the whole Circumference one hundred and thirty five; containing one hundred and fifty eight Parishes, and fifteen Market Towns. As it is seated well near in the heart of England, so the Air and Soil are of the best; the River Avon divides it in the middle. VVhat lies South of that River is divided between fruitful Corn-Fields and lovely Meadows; which from Edg-hill present the Viewer with a Plain equal to that of Jordan. That which lies North is VVood Land. The Cornavii were the old, the Mercians the later Masters of this County. There have been three great Battels sought in it: One in the year 749, wherein Cuthred King of the West Saxons slew Ethelbald King of the Mercians at Seckington near Tamworth. The second in the year 1468, at Edgcote; in which the then Earl of Warwick defeated Edward IV, and took him Prisoner. The third in the year 1642, at Edg-hill; in which Charles I, overthrew the Parliament Forces under the Earl of Essex. The Principal Town in this Shire is Coventry.

Wasgow, Vasgovia, Vogesus Tractus, a Tract in Lorrain, called by the French Le Pais de Vauge; which takes its Name from a Mountain. It lies between the Dukedoms of Lorain and Bipont, and the Palatinate of the Rhine; and it is a part of Germany.

Wash, A Stream in the County of Rutland.

Wassi, or Vassi, Vasseum, a Town in the Lower Champagne in France, upon the Marn, in the Diocess of Chalons; well situated, in a fruitful Soil. A Rencounter betwixt the Duke of Guise and the Huguenots at this Town, in the Reign of Charles IX, gave an occasion to the ensuing Civil VVais of Religion in this Kingdom.

Watchet, a Market Town in Somersetshire, in the Hundred of Williton; by the Sea-side.

Waterford, Vaterfordia, Mapiana, a Town and County in the Province of Munster on the South of Ireland. The Town is called by the Irish Phurtlairge. The Capital of its County, and next Dublin the greatest place in that Kingdom: having a very large and safe Haven, under the Protection of a strong Fort, called Duncannon Fort; and conveniently seated for a Trade with any part of the World. Built by the Norwegians in a bad Air and a barren Soil, at the Mouth of the River Shour. Ever since it came into the hands of the English, it has continued very loyal to this Crown; and has on that score obtained many signal Privileges from it. In the year 1649, they forced Oliver Cromwel to draw off, when he was Master of the greatest part of Ireland; yet when resistance was in vain it surrendred, August 20. 1650, on good terms. As also to King William, both Town and Fort, July 25 and 26, 1690, without a stroke.

The County of Waterford, is bounded on the East by Wexford, on the North by Tipperary, on the VVest by Cork, and on the South by the Sea: the Sewer enclosing it on the North and East, and the More on the VVest. The North parts of it are overspread with a Ridge of Mountains called Slewboyne. It is from East to VVest twenty seven Irish Miles, from North to South fifteen. The principal places in it are Waterford and Lismore.

Watford, a Market Town in Hartfordshire, in the Hundred of Chashio, near the River Coln.

Watlington, a Market Town in Oxfordshire, in the Hundred of Pirton.

Watton, a Market Town in the County of Norfolk, in the Hundred of Weyland.

Waveney, a River in the County of Suffolk, dividing that County from Norfolk. Beckles and Bungay are situated upon the Banks of it.

Webley, a Market Town and Corporation in Herefordshire, in the Hundred of Stretford. Represented in Parliament by its two Burgesses.

Weever, a River watering the middle parts of Cheshire: upon which Nantwich and Fordsham are situated.

Weigats Streight, a Bay upon the South of Nova Zembla; flowing from VVest to East; and discovered by the Hollanders under one of this Name in 1594: through which they in vain sought a North Passage to the East Indies by China, not being able to sail further for Ice. They discovered to the East and VVest of this Streight, Staten Eylandt and Mauritz Eylandt, in the same Voyage; whereon they found Rocks, Lakes, Ponds, Swans, Hawks, and VVild Ducks.

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Weill, Ʋuila, a City in the Dukedom of Wurtemburg: which is a free Imperial City by the Constitution of Frederick II: it stands upon the River Wurm; two Miles from Stutgard to the VVest, and Spire to the South; and three from Tubingen to the North. Hofman. § Another in Switzerland, belonging to the Canton of S. Gall.

Weimar, Weinmar, Vimaria, a City of Thuringia in Germany, upon the River Ilm; three German Miles from Erford to the East, and five from Naumburg; which was the Seat of Otho Emperor of Germany. Now under a Duke of the House of Saxony.

Weismar, Weismaria, one of the Hanse Towns of Germany, in the Dukedom of Mecklenburgh; which has a Harbor on the Baltick Sea, and a new strong Castle. It stands between Rostock to the East, and Lubeck to the VVest; seven German Miles from either. Built about the year 1240, by a Count of Swerin. In 1262, it was almost entirely ruined by Fire. In 1266, the Duke of Mecklenburg gave it great Privileges to encourage the rebuilding of it; which procured the building it with Stone. By the Peace of Munster it was assigned to the Swedes; but being taken by the Danes in 1679, tho by the Treaty in 1679 they were to restore it; yet that Crown has not performed that Article.

Weissell, See Vistula.

Weissemburg, Weissemburgum, a City of Bavaria, in the Territory of Aichstadt, near the Fountains of Rednitz; four German Miles from Donawert to the North, seven from Norimberg, and five from Newburg. This is a Free Imperial City.

Weissemburg, a City of Alsatia in the Territory of Wasgow; towards the Borders of the Palatinate of the Rhine: called Cron Weisemburg, to distinguish it from the former: which is a Town in Alsatia of old called Sebusium. It stands upon the River Luter; four German Miles from Hagenaw to the North, and six from Strasburg. Dagobert King of France built here a celebrated Monastery, in the year 623; which, in the year 1496, was changed into a College. By the Peace of Munster, this place was granted to France; and in the Wars in 1673, it suffered very much from the Germans, but is now rebuilding. This City is the Capital of a Territory called die Prebstey von Weissemburg, the Prefecture of Weissemburg; which in the year 1540, was united for ever to the Bishoprick of Spire. Lauterburg was the usual Seat of the President of this District; but is now under the French King too.

Weissenburg, Alba Julia, a City in Transylvania; called by the Hungarians, Gyvla Fejervar. It is a Roman Colony setled in the times of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (from whose Mother it had its Latin Name;) and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Colocza. It stands upon the River Ompay; which a little lower falls into the Marish, in a fruitful Plain; between Clausenburg to the North-West, and Hermanstad to the South, seven German Miles from either. The usual Residence of the Prince of Transylvania. It has been much greater than now it is; and affords rare Roman Medals, Coins and Inscriptions; the evident Symptoms of its Antiquity and Grandeur. Garrisoned for the Emperor in 1687. Long. 47. 00. Lat. 46. 05.

Weland, a River in Northamptonshire, upon which Rockingham stands.

Welch-poole, a Market Town in the County of Montgomery, in Wales: in the Hundred of Ystrad March.

Welika-reca, Turuntus, the same with Narva, a River of Moscovy.

Welles, Belgae, Wellae, Theorodunum, Fontes, Fontanensis Ecclesia, a City of Somersetshire: so called from the VVells and plentiful Springs which bubble up in it: for fair Buildings it exceeds all other Towns in that County. It hath an Episcopal Palace, fortified with Walls and a Mote like a Castle; a goodly Church, and a College; founded by Ina a Saxon King in honor of S. Andrew; which was enlarged by King Kinewolph, in the year 766. The Cathedral Church has a Dean, a Chaunter, a Chancellor, three Archdeacons, twenty seven Prebends, and nineteen Canons. There was a Bishoprick founded here, in the year 905, by Edward the Elder: which about the year 1088 was united to Bath. In the year 1193, the Bishoprick of Glastenbury being also united to these two Sees, the Revenues of the Church of wells were divided between the Dean and the Chapter: which were much impaired in the Reign of Edward VI.

Wellingborough, a Market Town in Northamptonshire, in the Hundred of Huxlon, upon an ascent; large and well frequented, accommodated with a Free School, and adorned with a handsom Church.

Wellington, a Market Town in Somersetshire in the Hundred of Milverton, upon the River Tone, § Another in Shropshire, in the Hundred of S. Bradford.

Wem, a Market Town in the North of Shropshire, in the Hundred of N. Bradford, upon the River Roder: honoured with the Title of a Barony by King James II, in the Person of the late Lord Chancellor Jeffreys.

Wendover, a Market Town and Corporation in Buckinghamshire, in the Hundred of Aylesbury: having the honour of the Election of two Parliament Men.

Wenlock Magna, a Market Town and Corporation in Shropshire, the Capital of its Hundred: represented in the lower House of Parliament by two Burgesses.

Were, Vera, a River which runs through the Bishoprick of Durham; and watering the Capital City, where it makes a Peninsula and hath three Bridges covering it, falls at Sunderland into the German Ocean.

Werne, or Wuerne, the same with Furnes.

Wernow, Chalusus, a City of Germany, near Rostock.

Wersaw. See Warsaw.

Wert, the same with Donawert.

Werthaim, a County in Franconia, in Germany.

Wesel, Aliso, Vesalia, a strong City in the Dukedom of Cleve; and an Hanse Town, which has a Castle belonging to it. It stands upon the Rhine, at the confluence of the Lippe; twelve German Miles from Cologne North, and five from Dorsten to the VVest. Taken by the Hollanders from the Spaniards in 1629. From them by the French, in 1672, and in the year 1674, it was left to the Duke of Brandenburg, after it had been dismantled by the French. Rudolphus I, Emperor of Germany, granted this City to Theodorick VIII, Earl of Cleve.

Weser, or the Little Weser, Visurgis, a small River which ariseth in the Dukedom of Limburgh, in the Borders of Juliers; and watering Limburgh, falls into the Maes above Liege.

Weser, Visurgis, a great River of Germany: which ariseth in Franconia, in the Territory of Coburg near Eisfeldt: and flowing through Thuringe near Smalcald, receives the Ness below Eysenack▪ and in Hess the Fuld. Turning to the North between Brunswick and Westphalia, it takes in the Dymel; and waters Corby, Hammel, Minden, Cities of Westphalia: beneath Ferden admits the Alder, and salutes Breme, takes in the Wemma and the Honte; and beneath Carlestadt, ••lls into the German Ocean.

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Wesho, Vexio, a City of Sweden in the Province of Smalland: which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Ʋpsal: called also Vexsioe and Vexsieu. Thirty five Miles from the Lake of Weter South, and from the Baltick Sea West.

Westbury, a Market Town and Corporation in Wiltshire, upon the River Broke, falling into the Avon: the Capital of its Hundred, and honoured with the Election of two Parliament Men.

Westerwaldt, Bacenis, Buronia, a part of the Hercynian Forest; called also Hartzwaldt. It makes the South parts of the Dukedoms of Brunswick and Thuringe, in the Lower Saxony; others say, it lies by Schelde near Cologne.

Westerwick, Vestrovicum, a Sea-Port City in the Province of Smalland, on the Baltick Sea in Sweden; fifty five Miles from Calmar to the North.

West Froson. See Friseland.

Westmannia, Vestmania, or Westmanland, a Province of Sweden; between Ʋpland to the East, Gestricia to the North, Sudermannia to the South, and Nericia to the West. The Cities of it, are Arosen and Arbosen.

Westminster, Westmonasterium, once a Suburb, seated a Mile from the City of London, and called Thorney: now a great and populous City; by its Buildings conjoined to London; so that it seems to be a part of it; but is indeed a distinct City, having its peculiar and proper Magistrates, and Privileges. In the times of the Romans, there stood here a Temple of Apollo; which in the Reign of Antoninus Pius, was subverted by an Earthquake. Out of the Ruins of it, Segebert (King of Kent) built a Church in honour of S. Peter, about the year 655. About the year 701. Offa King of the East Angles, inlarged this old Church; which being destroyed by the Danes about the year 854, S. Dunstane Archbishop of Canterbury, re-edified it about 970. Edward the Confessor, in the year 1061. made great additions to this Fabrick. In the year 1221. Henry III. pulled down this Saxon Building; and in the same place erected that great and noble Pile, now standing; and put it into the hands of the Monks: to which Henry VII. added the Chappel called by his Name. In the years 1066, and 1226. Councils were celebrated here. At the Reformation, instead of the Monks, was placed here a Dean, twelve Prebends and a Bishop; which last is since suppressed. In this Church is usually performed the Coronation; it likewise contains the Bones of a vast number of the Kings of England, and was the Mother of Westminster; which from it, as from a Centre, has spread it self every way: Especially after Westminster-Hall became the fixed place for the Courts of Justice, (built by William Rufus, in the year 1099. Rebuilt by Richard II. as Mr. Camden observes); and Whitehall, the Royal Palace of our Kings, about the year 1512.

Westmorland, Damnii, Vestmaria, Westmorlandia, (one of the Northern Counties of England) took this Name from its situation, and the great number of Moors in it. On the North and West, it is bounded by Cumberland; on the South by Lancashire; and on the East by Yorkshire. From North to South it is thirty Miles, from East to West twenty four, in circumference one hundred and twelve. Containing twenty six Parishes, and eight Market Towns. The Air is sharp and piercing; healthful: the Soil barren, and not easily improved: two ridges of high Hills crossing it as far as Cumberland. Yet the Southern parts contain many fruitful Valleys, Meadows, Arable and Pasture Grounds: The Rivers Eden, Ken, Lon and Eamon watering them: besides two noted Lakes, the Ʋlleswater and Windermeer: the last bordering upon Cheshire, the other upon Cumberland and Westmorland. The ancient Inhabitants were the Brigantes: who in the Saxon Heptarchy, constituted a part of the great Kingdom of Northumberland. The first Earl of this County, was Ralph Nevil, Lord of Raby, E. Marshall; in 1398 created Earl of Westmorland by King Richard II. This Family in six Descents continued, till the year 1584. it failed in the death of Charles Nevil. In 1624. this Honour was revived in Francis Fane, created Earl of Westmorland, and Baron of Burghersh, by James I. as a descendent from the Nevils; whose Posterity still enjoy it.

Westphalia, a great Circle or Province in Germany; called by the Germans die Wephalen. It lies between the Lower Saxony to the East, and the Low-Countries to the West; bounded on the North by the German Sea, on the East by the Dukedom of Breme, Ferden, Lunenburg and Brunswick; on the West by the Ʋnited Netherlands; on the South by the Dukedom of Guelderland, the Bishoprick of Cologne, VVesterwaldt and Hassia. It contains the Bishopricks of Munster, Paderborne and Osnaburg; the Dukedoms of Cleve and Berg; the Principality of Minden; the Counties of Oldenburg, Mark, Hoye, Diepholt, Ravensberg, Lingen, Lippe, Benthem and Scaumburg; East Friseland, and the Dukedom of Westphalia. The capital City of this Circle is Munster.

The Dukedom of Westphalia is bounded on the North by the Bishopricks of Munster and Paderborne; on the West by the County of Mark; on the South by Wester-waldt and Hassia; on the East by the County of Waldeck. The principal places in it, are, Arensberg, Cleve, Dussel-dorp, Embden, Emerick, Ham, Lipstad, Minden, Munster, Oldenburg, Osnabruck, Paderborne, Soest, Dortmund and Wesel. Besides what is above expressed, this Circle includes the Dukedoms of Juliers and Guelderland; the Bishoprick of Leige, and the States of Ʋtrecht; but this last has been separated from it, ever since 1548.

Westram, a Market Town in the County of Kent, in Sutton Lath, upon the River Darent.

Westrick, Westrych, Westryck, Austrasia, Lotharingia, (taken in its largest extent) contained Brabant, Hainault, Liege, Namur, Luxemburg, Juliers, Epfall, Wasgow, Imperial Flanders, and Lorain. And under the first Race of the Kings of France, it contained also Schwaben, Bavaria, Thuringia, a great part of Saxony, and some Provinces of France. But the Name is only now applied to Lorain.

Weteraw, Veteravia, Vederovia, a Province in the Ʋpper Circle of the Rhine: between the Ʋpper Hassia to the East, Westerwaldt to the North, the Rhine to the West, and Mentz to the South. The principal Places in it are Dietz and Ha••mar.

Wetherby, a Market Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire, in the Hund▪ of Claro, upon the River Warfe.

Wetsch, the same with Vienna.

Wexford, a County in the South of the Kingdom of Ireland, called by the Irish Loghagarm. It is the South part of the Province of Lemster. Bounded on the North by the County of Waterford, (cut off by the River Barrow.) It takes its Name from a great Sea-Port Town, on the South side of the River Shemalyn, not far from the South-Eastern Point of Ireland: fifty two Miles South of Sweden, and about twenty East of Waterford.

Weymouth, a Market Town and Corporation in Dorsetshire, in the Hundred of Ʋgscomb, at the Fall of the River Wey into the Ocean: joined to Melcomb Regis, on the other side of the same River, by a fair Timber Bridge; since the Incorporation of both Towns by Act of Parliament in Queen Elizabeth's time into one Body. Yet each is distinctly represented by its Burgesses in the House of Commons: and Weymouth

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has the Honour to give the Title of a Viscount to the Right Honourable Thomas Thynne.

Weymar. See Weimar.

Whitby, a Market and Sea-Port Town in the North Riding of Yorkshire, at the Fall of the River Esk into the Ocean. It hath many Vessels belonging to it, a Bridge over the River, a Custom-House; and heretofore an Abbey of great fame, in the Person particularly of S. Hilda, an ancient Abbess of it.

Whitchurch, a Market Town in Shropshhire, in the Hundred of N. Bradford, towards Cheshire. § Also a Corporation in Hantshire, in the Hundred of Evinger, upon the River Test: having the Election of two Members of the House of Commons.

Whitehaven, a Market Town in the County of Cumberland, in the Division of Allerdale; upon a Creek of the Sea, which affords it a convenient and well frequented Harbour. It stands at the North end of a Rock of hard White Stone; and trades principally in Coals and Salt.

Whithern, Candida Casa, Lucopibia, the White-House, a Town or small City in Galloway in Scotland: upon the Irish Sea, over against the Isle of Man: and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Glasco. The place where Ninia (or Ninian, a holy Britan, the Apostle of the South Picts) in the Reign of Theodosius the younger built a Church: which after the number of Christians were increased, became a Bishops See. It is one of the ancientest Towns (being mentioned by Ptolemy), as well as Bishopricks in Scotland. Long. 16. 30. Lat. 56. 30.

Wiburg, Viburgium, a City in the Province of North Jutland, in the Kingdom of Denmark: which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Lunden. It stands in the middle of that Promontory; at an equal distance from the German and Baltick Seas; eight German Miles from Alburg to the South. This Bishops See was founded by Sweno King of Denmark, in 1065. Long. 30. 58. Lat. 58. 08. There is a Town of the same Name in Livonia.

Wickham, a Market Town in Buckinghamshire, in the Hundred of Burnham, upon a Stream falling into the Thames: in a low and fruitful Vale. It hath the honour to be a Corporation, represented by two Burgesses in the Lower House of Parliament. Written also Chipping-VViccomb. The Assizes for the County, are commonly kept here: being a large fair Town. § Also a Town in the County of Suffolk▪ in the Hundred of VVilford, upon the Deben: in which the Archdeacon of Suffolk keeps his Courts for the Eastern part of that County. This Town has lost its Market to Woodbridge, in its neighbourhood.

Wickware, a Market Town in Gloucestershire, in the Hundred of Grombaldash.

Widen, Widin. See Vidin.

Wieprz, Aprus, a River which falls into the Vistula, in the Borders of Poland and Silesia.

Wigan, a Market Town and Corporation in Lancashire, in the Hundred of Darby, upon the River Dowles: of note for good Coal. The Corporation elects two Parliament men.

Wiflisburg, or Wiefelbourg, Aventicum, an ancient City of Switzerland. The Capital of the Canton of Wi••ipurgergow; once a great City, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Besanzon; but now only a Town in the Borders of the Canton of Friburg, called by the French Avenches. It stands upon the River Broye: one German Mile from Friburg, three from Berne, and four from Lausanne to the North. This Bishoprick was removed to Lausanne, in 1076. This Canton is a part of the Canton of Berne: bounded on the East by the Aar, and Argop; on the South by the Alpes, and the Lake of Lemane, and on the West and North by Mount Jura or Jurten.

Wight, Victus, Vectis, Vecta, an Island on the South of England, belonging to the County of Southhampton. In length twenty Miles, in breadth twelve, in circumference sixty. About three from Hurst Castle; of an oval form, ending with two Peninsula's to the East and West: And by nature secured with Rocks, especially Southward. It contains thirty six Parishes, and three Market Towns. Its Air healthful and pleasant: the Soil very fruitful: affords a good quantity of Corn for Exportation, and Cattle and Game in abundance: its Meadows and Wooll are excellent. In short, it wants nothing needful to the Life of Man. The principal place in it, is Newport: and Cowes, for a Harbour. Vespasian was the first that subjected this Island to the Romans under Claudius Caesar. Cerdick King of the West Saxons became the next Master of it, in 530. After him, Wolfer, King of the Mercians: from whom it passed to Edelwalch King of the South Saxons by gift: Coedwalla King of the West Saxons, at last reconquered it. Henry VI. crowned Henry de Beauchamp Earl of Warwick, (his Favourite) King of Wight: but this Title soon vanished with his Life, two years after. Richard Widevil, Earl of Rivers, (his Successor) had it from Edward IV. with the Title of Lord of Wight. Sir Reginald Bray took it from Henry VII. in Fee Farm, at the Rent of three hundred Marks.

Wighton, a Market Town in the East Riding of Yorkshire, in the Hundred of Harthill.

Wilde, the same with Vilne.

Wilia, Vilia, a River of Poland; which arising in the Palatinate of Breslaw, watereth Vilne; and beneath Cown falls into the Chrone.

Wilkomirz, Wilkmer, Vilcomtria, a Town in the Ducal Prussia, upon the River Swet: eight Polish Miles from Vilne, and seven from Trock.

Willy, or Willibourn, a River in Wiltshire; which joins with the Nadder at Wilton, near Salisbury; and afterwards falls into the Avon. Werminster is situated at the Spring of it.

Wiltshire, Wiltonia, is bounded on the North by Gloucester; on the East by Berksshire, on the South by Dorset and Hampshire, and upon the West by Somerset and Gloucester. From North to South thirty nine Miles; from East to West twenty nine, in circumference one hundred thirty nine: containing three hundred and four Parishes, and twenty three Market Towns; amongst which, Wilton, its ancient Capital, gives Name to it. The Air very sweet, temperate, healthful; the Soil fertile. The North parts swell into fruitful and pleasant Hills, diversisied with pleasant Rivers, and large Woods. The South are more level; and watered with the Wily, Adder, and Avon: the Isis, Kennet, and Deveril. The middle is commonly called Salisbury Plains, by reason of its great evenness; which feeds vast numbers of excellent Sheep. This Country was the Seat of the Belgae. They being reduced by Vespasian, it became afterward a part of the Kingdom of the West Saxons. The principal City is Salisbury. William Lord Scrope (Lord Treasurer) was the first Earl of this County in the year 1397. James Butler Earl of Ormond, another Lord Treasurer, in 1448. John Stafford (second Son of Humphrey Duke of Buckingham) was the third Earl in 1469. who had two Successors of the same Name. Thomas Bullen, Father of the Lady Anne Bullen, (Mother of Queen Elizabeth), the sixth Earl in 1529. In 1550. William Paulet, afterwards Marquess of Winchester, was created Earl of Wiltshire, by King Edward VI. whose Posterity

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in the fifth Descent, now enjoy this Honour.

Wilton, a Market Town in Wiltshire, (to which it gives Name) betwixt the Rivers Willy by the North, and Adder or Nadder to the South. It was anciently the Capital City of the County; a Bishops See, and the Residence of several Bishops, before the Translation of the See to Salisbury. The loss whereof was a great occasion of the decay of this place. It only retains the honour of being by two Members represented in Parliament. The Sheriffs keep their monthly Courts here, and the Knights of the Shire are usually elected at it.

Wimpfen, Wimpina, Vimpina, a City of Germany; in the Circle of Schwaben, upon the Necker; where it receives the River Jaxt; two German Miles from Hailbrune to the North, and five from Heidelburg to the East. This, though small, is an Imperial Free City.

Wincaunton, a Market Town in Somersetshire, in the Hundred of Norton Ferris, upon the side of a Hill.

Winchcomb, a Market Town in Gloucestershire, in the Hundred of Kistgate.

Winchelsey, a Sea-Port Town in the East part of Sussex, where it adjoins to Kent; in Hastings Rape; upon an Inlet of the Sea, in the neighbourhood of Rye. A Member of the Cinque Ports: once a strong and a beautiful Town, walled: having eighteen Parish Churches: but by the recess of the Ocean, now much decayed; and the Haven choaked up. In the year 1250. the greatest part of this Town was destroyed by the Sea. It consists now but of one Parish. In 1628. Charles I. created Elizabeth Finch, Viscount Maidstone, Countess of Winchelsey: to which Honour Thomas her Son, succeeded in 1633. and Henneage her Grandchild in 1639.

Winchester, Venta Belgarum, Vintonia, Wintonia, a City of Hampshire; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Canterbury: upon the River Itching: fifteen Miles from the British Sea to the North. It stands pleasantly▪ in a Vale, betwixt two Hills; adorned with five Parish Churches; a Noble Cathedral, dedicated to the Trinity; in which the Bones of divers of the Saxon Kings and Queens, with two of the Danish Line of Kings, and two of the Norman, rest. A fine Hall for the Assizes and Sessions, where King Arthur's Round Table hangs as a Monument of Antiquity: a College for the Education of Youth, built and endowed by Will. of Wickham, (the Founder of New College Oxon,) for a Seminary to the same College; a Hospital, an Episcopal Palace, and a strong Castle upon a Hill. The Welsh call this ancient City at this day Caer Cruent: (that is, the White City: because it stands upon a Chalk); and the Latin Writers, Wintonia. In the Roman times it was one of the principal Cities of Britain. In the Saxons days twice consumed and rebuilt; being made the Seat of the West Saxon Kings: which Family at last prevailed against all the rest. The Bishops See was founded here in 660. by Kingil the first Christian King of the West Saxons. It felt the fury of the Danes. In the Norman times it kept up its Head: but in the Reign of King Stephen it was sacked in the Wars betwixt the Empress Mand and him. Edward III. to revive it, made it the Mart for VVool and Cloth. In our days, saith Mr. Camden, it is about a Mile and a half in compass; reasonably well peopled. The ancient Bishops of this See were reputed Earls of Southampton; and pass by that Style in the New Statutes of the Garter made by King Henry VIII. The present Bishop Dr. Mew, is the seventy third Bishop. The first Earl of Winchester, was Saer de Quinsey in 1207. The second Roger de Quinsey in 1219. who died in 1264. The third Hugh de Spencer, created in 1322. and beheaded in 1326. The fourth Lewis de Bruges in 1472. In 1551. VVilliam Pawlet, Earl of VViltshire, was created Marquess of VVinchester: whose Posterity in the sixth Descent now enjoy it. In the years 855. 975. 1021. 1070. 1076. 1129. 1142. English Councils were celebrated in this City. The second, under S. Dunstan. The sixth, in relation to King Stephen's Usurpation of the Lands of the Church.

Windaw, Vinda, Vindavia, a City of Curland; called by the Poles Kiess, and by the Germans Windaw and Winda. It has an Harbor at the Mouth of the River VVeta, upon the Baltick Sea: fifteen Polish Miles from Memel to the North, and thirty from Riga to the West.

Winder, or VVimander Meer, a Lake dividing a part of Lancashire from the County of VVestmorland; and extending about ten Miles in length, and three or four in breadth: full of Fish; with a clear pebbly bottom.

Windham, a Market Town in the County of Norfolk, in the Hundred of Forehoe.

Windrush, a River in Oxfordshire, upon which VVitney stands; and Burford near it.

Windsor, Vindesorium, a Castle upon the South side of the Thames in Berkshire; upon an high Hill: which rising by gentle degrees, affords at the top a pleasant Prospect. This Place was granted by Edward the Confessor to the Monks of Westminster: and soon after by William the Conqueror recovered back to the Crown, by an exchange for Wokendune and Ferings. In this pleasant Place was Edw. III. born: who afterward built that Noble Castle, which has since been the delightful Retreat of the Kings of England, from the Cares of Government and the Crowds of Men. In the same place that Victorious Prince instituted the most Noble Order of the GARTER. The Ceremony whereof hath been usually since celebrated here upon S. George's Day. Out of the Castle sprung the Town: and that in Buckinghamshire, (not in Barkshire;) it being on the North side of the River, and joined to the Castle by a Timber Bridge. In the Church of this Castle lie buried two of our Kings of the most distant Fortunes and Tempers, Henry VIII. and Charles the Martyr. The Town is a Corporation, in the Hundred of Ripplemore; and elects two Burgesses to represent it in Parliament.

Winnicza, a strong City in the Palatinate of Kiovia in Poland, upon the River Bug: ten Miles above Braslaw to the North. Taken by the Cossacks, in 1560.

Winshaim, Vintshaemum, a City in Franconia in Germany, upon the River Aisch: small, but an Imperial and Free City. Built in the year of Christ 525. by Windegast, a Duke. Seven German Miles from Norimburgh to the West, and from Wurtsburgh to the North-East.

Winslow, a Market Town in Buckinghamshire, in the Hundred of Colstow.

Wipach. See Vipao.

Wiprefurt, a small Town in Hainault, in the Dukedom of Mons, upon the Rhine: not far from Cologne.

Wirksworth, a Market-Town in Derbyshire. The Capital of its Hundred: of great note for Works in Lead.

Wirland, Viria, a Province of Livonia, upon the Bay of Finland. The Capital of which is Wissemburgh. Baudrand writes Witland.

Wirtemberg, Wittembergensis Ducatus, a Dukedom in Schwaben in Germany. Bounded on the East

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and South by Schwaben, on the North by the Palatinate of the Rhine, on the West by Swartswaldt and the Marquisate of Baden. The principal Places in it are, Stutgard, Tubingen, and Schorndorf. It takes this Name from an antient Castle upon the Necker; near Esling; and is under a Duke of its own. The first of which Family was Eberhard I. who married Agnes, Daughter of Berthold, Duke of Zeringen, in 1240. And the Descendents of this Line still enjoy this Honor.

Wisbich, a Market Town in Cambridgeshire. The Capital of its Hundred.

Wisbuy, Visbua, a small City in Gothland, (an Island in the Baltick Sea) which has a fine Harbor. Once a great and populous Place, but now decaying. It stands 9 Swedish Miles from the Isle of Oeland to the East, and 13 from Westerwick in Smaland.

Wistock, a small Town in the Marquisate of Brandenburgh, in the Border of Meckleburgh, upon the River Dorss: made remarkable by the Victory obtained by the Swedes over the Imperialists in 1636.

Wite Zee, Granduicus Sinus; the White Sea, or Bay of S. Nicolas.

Witepski, Vitepska, Vitebscum, a City of Poland. The Capital of a Palatinate of the same Name in Lithuania, upon the River Dwina; where it receives the Widzba: 12 Polish Miles from the Borders of Moscovy, 16 from Ploczko, and 25 from Smolensko to the North-West. Often taken by the Russ; but now under the Poles: and was once a Sovereign State.

Witham, a River running cross Lincolnshire: upon which Lincoln and Grantham are situated. At Sleaford, the River of the same name with that Town, falls into it. At Tattershall, the Bane; and at Boston, it gives up all its Streams to the Ocean.

Witney, a Market Town in Oxfordshire, The Capital of its Hundred: upon the River Windrush. Accommodated with a Free School and a Library. Its principal Trade lies in Blankets and Ruggs.

Whadistaw, one of the chief Towns of Cujava, a Province of Poland.

Wittemberg, Calaecia, Lucoraea Viteberga, Wittemberga: the Capital City of the Dukedom of Saxony: seated upon the Elbe; in a large Plain, which is every where commanded by the Cannon of the Castle; with a Marsh to the North, and a Canal of the Elbe to the East: Fortified with strong Ramparts, Walls, and Bastions; in almost a square Figure, but more long than broad. Nine German Miles from Leipsick to the North, 14 from Dresden to the South West, and 10 from Magdeburgh. In 1502. there was an University opened here by Frederick III. Elector of Saxony. In 1517. Luther began to Preach the Reformation in this City. In 1520. he in this Place burnt the Popes Bull, and Decrees. In 1546. he was Buried in this City. This strong City was then the only place which held out for the Elector; who was in the hands of the Emperor Charles V. In 1547. it was surrendered to that Prince, who for some years after made it his Prison for such as would not comply with him.

Wivescomb, a Market Town in Somersetshire, in the Hundred of North Curry, upon the River Tone.

Wlodzimiercz, Vlodimeria, a City of Volhinia in Poland, upon the River Lug: a little above its fall into the Bug: 12 Polish Miles from Lusuck, and 21 from Lemburgh to the North-East.

Wobourn, a Market Town in Bedfordshire, in the Hundred of Manshead.

Woerden, Voerda, a strong Town upon the Rhine; 10 Miles from Ʋtrecht to the West, and 18 from Leyden. Built in 1160. by Godfrey Bishop of Ʋtrecht, to keep that Potent City in awe. They accordingly resented, and never gave over their pursuit, till in 1288. they persuaded Herman Van Woerden, (the Bishops Governor) to put the Place into their Hands. In 1672. it suffered much from the French.

Wolaw, Volavia, a City of Silesia, in the Kingdom of Bohemia; which is the Capital of a Dukedom; and stands upon the Oder. Seven Miles from Breslaw to the North, and Glogaw to the South; and five from Lignitz North-East.

Wolcmarck, Volcmarchia, a City of Carinthia, upon the Drave: 25 Miles beneath Clagenfurt to the East.

Wolgast, Volgasta, a City of the Hither Pomerania; which is the Capital of that Province, at the Mouth of the Oder: five Miles from the Shoars of the Baltick Sea, and 14 from Anclam. It is strengthened with a noble Castle, which was the Seat of the Dukes of Wolgast. In 1630. this City was taken by the Swedes. In 1675. retaken by the Duke of Brandenburgh: and in 1679. restored to the Swedes by Treaty.

Wolkowiska, Volkoviska, a City of Poland, in the Palatinate of Novogrod; •near the River Ross in Lithuania: 45 Miles from Bielsko to the North-East, and 55 from Novogrod to the West.

Woller, a Market Town in the County of Northumberland, in Glendale ward, on the side of a Hill; near the River Till, falling Northward into the Tweede.

Wolmer, Volmaria, a small City in Livonia in Litland, upon the River Teyder: 9 German Miles from Felin to the South, and 15 from Riga to the South-East. Near this Wolmer, the King of Denmark gave the Livonians a great Defeat in 1218.

Wolodimer, Velodomiria, a City of Moscovy, which is the Capital of a Dukedom of the same Name: upon the River Clesma: between Moscow to the South-West, and Novogrod Nisi to the North-East, forty five German Miles from either. Anciently the Capital of Black Russia, and the Seat of the Dukes of Russia.

Wologda, a great strong City, which is the Capital of a Dukedom of the same Name, upon the River Dwina: ninety Miles from Jerislow to the North, and fifty from Novogrod Nisi to the North West.

Wolverhampton, a Market Town •in Staffordshire, in the Hundred of Seisdon, upon a Hill: enriched formerly with an Abbey. Its Gollegiate Church is annexed to the Deanry of VVindsor.

Wolwich, or Woolwich, a Market Town in the County of Kent, in Sutton Lath, upon the Thames: where it hath a Dock for the Royal Navy of England.

Womie. See Medniky.

Woodbridge, a Market Town in the County of Suffolk, in the Hundred of Looes: upon the River

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Deben, and the side of a Sandy Hill. Provided with four or five Docks for building of Ships. It is a large and well frequented Town: hath a fair Church with Monuments in it; and many Ships of Burthen belonging to its Inhabitants. The Deben twelve Miles below it falls into the Sea.

Woodstock, a Market Town and Corporation in Oxfordshire, in the Hundred of Wotton: represented in Parliament by two Burgesses. It stands pleasantly upon an Ascent, near a small River, and a large Park enclosed with a VVall. The ancient Royal House, called VVoodstock Bower, built by King Henry I. Enlarged by Henry II. Honoured with the Birth of Edward the Black Prince, and famous for the Death of the fair Rosamond (admired by Henry II.) in the Labyrinth adjoining, stood in this Park till its destruction in the long Civil Wars.

Worcestershire, Vigornia, is bounded on the North by Staffordshire: on the East by Warwickshire and Oxfordshire; on the South by Gloucestershire; and on the West by Herefordshire and Shropshire. A rich and populous County in the form of a Triangle, extending from North to South 32 Miles, from North to West 28, in Circumference 220: inclosing 152 Parishes, and 11 Market Towns. The Air is very gentle and temperate, the Soil fruitful, and equal in goodness to the best in England. Watered by the Severne, Stoure, Salwarpe, Arrow, Feck, and Avon: which all meet in one noble Southern Point of this County at Tewksbury. Here are many excellent Salt-Pits in this County. The most antient Inhabitants were the Cornavii, subdued by the Romans in the Reign of Claudius Cesar. After it became a part of the Mercian Kingdom.

Worcester. Branonium, Vigornia, Brannogenium, Brangoniae, the Capital City of this County: called by the Welsh, Caer Vrangon; by Ninius, Caer Guorcon. It is seated on the Eastern Bank of the Severn, (over which it hath a fair Stone Bridge with a Tower;) and from it was walled in the form of a Triangle, and thought to have been built by the Romans against the Silures. In 1041. it was burnt down by Hardy Canute King of Denmark. In 1113. burnt the second time by accident. The Cathedral Church was begun by Sexwolfe, in 680. In which Prince Arthur (the eldest Son of Henry VII.) lies buried in a plain black jet Tomb; and King John in a white one. This Town suffered much for its Loyalty to Charles I. and Charles II. Especially in 1651: when after the fatal Battel under her Wall•▪ Sept. 3. she fell into the Hands of the enraged Tyrant, Oliver Cromwell. Long. 18. 10. Lat. 52. 32. Boselius was setled as a Bishop here by Etheldred, King of the Mercians, in 679. The first Earl of Worcester, was Ʋrsus de Abot: Created by William the Conqueror in 1087. The second VValeran de Beaumont, in 1144. The third Thomas Percy, Lord Admiral, in 1397. The fourth Richard Beauchamp, in 1420. The fifth John Tiptoft, Lord Treasurer, and Lord Constable, in 1449. Succeeded by Edward his Son, in 1477. who died in 1485. The seventh Charles Somerset, Lord Herbert, (Natural Son of Henry Beaufort the eighth Duke of Somerset, who was beheaded under King Edward IV.) Created Earl by Henry VII. in 1414. in which Family it now is. Henry the 7th in this Line, for his great Virtue and Loyalty, by Charles II. was created Duke of Beaufort, in 1682. Augustine the Monk celebrated a Council in this City, as we learn from Bede.

Worksop, a Market Town in Nottinghamshire, in the Hundred of Bassetlaw, and the Forest of Sherwood. Noted for excellent Liquorish.

Worm, Warmus, a River in the Dukedom of Limburg.

Worms, Worbacia, Borbetomagus, Borbitomagus Vangionum, a City in Germany, within the Bounds of the Lower Palatinate: which is a Free and Imperial City, but not populous. It stands upon the VVestern Bank of the Rhine: seven German Miles above Mentz, and six beneath Spiers. An ancient Roman City, called Bormetomagus Vangionum. It is supposed to have been a Colony of Ments, after it became subject to the Romans: ruined by Attila, King of the Huns, and rebuilt by Clovis King of France. It was in the beginning of Christianity an Archbishops See: but in 729. Pepin King of France, took away its Metropolitan; and made it only a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Ments. Henry II, Emperour of Germany, forced Otho, (Son of Conrad, the Duke of this Country) to retire to Brussels: so it became a Free City. Frederick II. Charles IV. Maximilian I. and Ferdinand I. in their times added to its Privileges. There was a Council held here in 1078. in which Gregory VII. Pope was deposed for Adultery and Necromancy, by the Partizans his Enemies of the Emperour Henry IV. A Famous Diet also in 1521. in which Luther defended his Doctrine before the States of the Empire. Long. 30. 03. Lat. 49. 33. This City is still by the Italians called Bormio. The French demolished it in 1689.

Worotin, Vorotinum, a City of Moscovy: the Capital of a Dukedom of the same Name. It stands upon the Occa in the Borders of Lithuania: sixty six Miles from Moscou, to the South.

Wotton-Basset, a Market Town in Wiltshire, in the Hundred of Kingsbridge: so called for distinction from Wotton-Ʋnder-Edge in Gloucester-shire; The Capital of its Hundred.

Wreak, a River in Leicestershire; Melton-Mowbray stands upon it.

Wrexham, a Market Town in Denbighshire, in the Hundred of Bromfield.

Wrotham, a Market Town in the County of Kent, in Aylesford Lath.

Wucziden, Viminiacium, Viminacium, a Town in the Province of Servia upon the Danube fifteen Miles from Belgrade to the East.

Wutingen, a Town in the Lower Circle of the Rhine in Germany, under the Elector of Cologne. At which the Duke of Brabant, and the People of Cologne, formerly fought a famous Battel.

Wurtzburgh, Herbipolis, the Capital City of Franconia, in Germany: and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Ments, since the year 791; when Bonifacius Archbishop of Ments advanced it to that Dignity. It stands upon the Mayne, on the North Bank; and has a strong Castle on the other side of the River, called Marienburgh. Also a small University, founded together with a large Hospital by one of its Bishops who died in 1617. The Capital of a great Territory and Diocese, belonging to its Bishop; who is a rich and potent Prelate, and a Duke of Franconia, since the times of Charles the Great: in token whereof his Grand Mareschal always assists with a Sword of State at his Master's Mass. His Diocese extending from North to South fifteen German Miles: and besides this City containing, Ochsenfurt, Gemund and Koningshoven. This City is fifteen Miles from Francfort and nineteen from Mentz to the East. The Italians call it Herbipoli. It is built in a fruitful Plain; incompassed with Hills, filled with Vineyards, pleasant Gardens, and flowry Meadows. It has a Stone Bridge over the River. The Territory was granted to this See by Charles the Great. Long. 31. 50. Lat. 49. 44.

Wurzen, a Town in the Ʋpper Saxony, in Germany; in the Province of Misnia, upon the River Muldaw: two miles from Leipsick to the East. Under

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the Bishop of Meissen; but now in the hands of the Elector of Saxony, as Administrator of that Bishoprick. It belonged heretofore to the Counts of its own Name.

Wye, Vaga, a River in South Wales; which falls into the Severn at Chepstow in Monmouthshire. §. Also a Market Town in the County of Kent in Scray Lath.

X A. (Book x)

XA, the same with Geichon.

Xacca. See Sacca.

Xagua, a Bay upon the Southern Coast of the Island of Cuba in America: containing above six Leagues in Circuit, with a small Island in the middle, which affords excellent Water. It is entered by a deep Canal; which is made naturally safe by Rocks on each side, about a Cannon shot in length, and narrow. The French call it le Grand Port; as being one of the best and most commodious, in America.

Xalisco, Xalisca, a Province of New Spain in America: the same with that the Spaniards call New Galicia.

Xalon, Salo, a River of Spain, which ariseth in old Castile: and watering Medina celi, entreth Arragon: in which Kingdom it takes in the Maungles, Xiloa, Deca and Hyvela; and watering Huerta, Calataiud, Riela and Placenza, falls into the Ebro: four Leagues above Sarragoza.

Xansi, Xansia, a Province in the North of China, which is the second of that Kingdom. Bounded on the North by that famous Wall, which parts China from Tartary; on the East by Pekim; on the West by Xensi; and on the South by Honan. The Capital of it is Taiyven. It contains five great Cities, one hundred and ninety two small; and five hundred eighty nine thousand six hundred fifty nine Families.

Xanthi, an Ancient valiant People of Asia; mentioned by Herodotus: who being reduced to the last Extremity in a siege by Harpagus, Cyrus's General; fired their Cittadel, with their Wives, Servants, Goods, &c. enclosed; and exposed themselves to present Death (rather than Captivity) upon the Swords of the Enemy.

Xanto, Xanthus, the same with Scamandro.

Xantoigne. See Saintonge.

Xantum, Xantonia, Xantung, a Province on the North of China. Bounded on the North and East by the Bay of Nanchim, on the West by Pekim, and on the South by Nankim; the Capital of it is Cinan. It contains six great, ninety two small Cities; seven hundred seventy thousand five hundred and fifty five Families; and is one of the most fruitful Provinces in that vast Kingdom.

Xaocheu, Xaocheum, a City in the Province of Quantum, in China.

Xaoching, Xaochinga, a City in the Province of Chekiam in China, upon the River Chey.

Xaoun, Xaoum, a City in the Province of Fokien in China, upon the River Zuyen. The Capital over three other Cities.

Xativa, Setebis, Xativa, a small City in the Kingdom of Valentia: called by the French Chativa. Seven Miles from Valentia to the South, and two beyond the Xucar to the same Quarter.

Xauxa, a vast River in Peru, in America; called also el Rio Maragnon; it ariseth out of the Lake Chincacocha; one hundred and twenty Miles from Lima to the North. And falls into the River of Amazons.

Xecien, Xecienum, a City in the Province of Queichieu in China.

Xeuil, Singilis, a River of Spain; which ariseth in the Kingdom of Granada; and watering Loxa, entereth Andalusia; falls into the Quadalquiver, beneath Cordova, eight Leagues to the West.

Xenfi, Xensia, a Province in the North of China. Bounded on the North by Tartary, the Chinian Wall, and the River Croceus; on the East by Xansi, on the South by Suchen, and on the West by the Kingdom of Thibet. The Capital of it is Sigan. It contains eight great and one hundred and seven small Cities▪ nineteen Castles, and three hundred thirty one thousand and fifty one Families.

Xeres de la Frontera, Asta Reg••, Asi•a, Ce•areana, Xera, a City in the Kingdom of And•l•••a, in Spain, of great Circuit: planted in a fruitful Country, yet not much peopled. Near this City was the last Battel fought between Roderick (the last Gothish King of Spain) and the Moors, November 11, in the year 71•; the loss of it put the Infidels in possession of Spain. Which they kept till the year 1462, when they were finally subdued. It stands upon a small River, four Miles from the Quadalquir to the East, something less from the Bay of Cadiz North, and about seven from the City of Cadi▪

Xeres de Guadiana, a small City in the Kingdom of Andalusia, upon the Guadiana; seven Miles from its Mouth North.

Xeres de Bedaiox, or Los Cavalleros, a small City in the Kingdom of Leon in Extremadura. It lies seven Miles from Badajox to the South, twelve from Marida to the South-West, and twenty from Sevil to the North-VVest. There is also a Town in New Spain of this Name.

Xerte, Xerta, a River in the Kingdom of Leon, in the Province of Extremadura; which watereth Placentia, then falls into the River Alagon, which falls into the Tajo above Alcantara. This River is not expressed in the later Maps.

Xicli, Motichanus, a River▪ of Sicily, which falls into the Sea on the South side of that Island; near a Town of that Name, in Valle di Noto.

Xicoco, an Island of Japan; represented to contain four Kingdoms.

Xilaon, a small River of Algarve in Spain; which falls into the Atlantick Ocean, at Tavira, a City of that Province.

Xiloca, Bilbilis, a River of Spain, in the Kingdom of Arragon; which watereth Daroca, and then falls into the Xalon against Calataiud.

Ximo, one of the three principal Islands of Japan; represented to contain nine Kingdoms. Nangazachi, Arima and Bungo are some of the considerable Cities in it.

Xincheu, Xincheum, a City of the Province of Huquam, in the Kingdom of China.

Xiria, Pholoe, a Mountain of Arcadia, in the Morea

Xca, or Xaoa, a Kingdom in Aethiopia, near the Fountains of the Nile towards Zanguebar; part of which is under the Abissines, and the rest ravished from them by the Gala's, a barbarous Neighbour Nation.

Xucar, Sucro, a River of Spain, which springs out of the same Mountain with the Tajo, in the Borders of Arragon; and running South watereth Cuenca, Alarcon; and receiving the Gabriel, Algarra and Suls, falls into the Mediterranean Sea, in the Kingdom of Valentia; over against Yvia, a small Island.

Xuicheu, a City in the Province of Quansi, in China.

Xuncking, a City in the Province of Suchuen, in China.

Xunte, or Xuntien, Xunta, a City in the Province of Pekim in China.

Y A (Book y)

YAcohdal, a Royal House of Pleasure belonging to the Kings of Sweden, one League and a half from Stockholm, in the Province of Ʋpland.

Yamato, a small Province in Japan.

Yamaxiro, Yamaium, a Kingdom in Japan, towards the Bay of Noaco. The Capital of which is Meaco, a vast City.

Yancheu, Yancheum, a City in the Province of Nankim in China.

Yarmouth, Gariannonum, a great, rich, and a very populous Sea-Port Town in the County of Norfolk; on the Borders of Suffolk, at the Mouth of the River Yare; from which it hath its Name. This River riseth in Norfolk near Hingham; and running East, watereth Norwich; a little above which, it takes in the Cringle; and at it the Winder; becoming navigable by these accessions, it hasteth by Bucknam-Ferry to Burg, where it takes in the Waveny, (another navigable River) from Beccles; a little above Yarmouth, the Thyrn; all which Rivers form here a convenient Harbour on the German Ocean. This was a Roman Town. Cerdick the first King of the West Saxons, landed first in this place, about the year 507. And not fir ding it worth his while to settle, went to Sea again, and founded the VVest Saxon Kingdom. Between this and the Conquerours times, this Town was rebuilt by the Saxons. In Edward the Confessor's times, it had seventy Burgesses; about 1340. the Inhabitants walled it. Henry II. gave it the first Charter. After this, they had a VVar with the Town of Lowestoft: between which two, there was a quarrel which has lasted to our times. In the year 1652. there being a VVar with the Hollanders and the Merchants of London oppressing them in the Herring Trade, they began to send Ships to Legorne in Italy, and by degrees inlarged their Trade to all parts; so that it became one of the best traded Towns on the East of England: and the Key of this Coast. But the two following Dutch VVars fell heavy on them to their great loss. In the year 1684. Charles II. made this a Mayor Town not long before his death. It has but one Church, (though a very large one) founded by Herbert the first Bishop of Norwich, in the Reign of VVilliam Rufus. Charles II. advanced the Honour of this place; when in the year 1673. he created William Paston, Viscount Yarmouth; and in the year 1679. Earl of Yarmouth: whose Son now enjoys that Title. The Corporation returns two Parliament Men. § There is another Yarmouth, upon the North VVest Coast of the Islè of VVight; in the Hundred of VV. Medine: well built, with Free Stone: fortified with a Castle, and VVorks. The second Town of Note, next to Newport, in that Island.

Yarum, a Market Town in the North Riding of Yorkshire, in the Hundred of Langbarg; upon the River Tees, here covered with a fair Stone Bridge.

Yaxley, a Market Town in Huntingdonshire, in the Hundred of Normancross.

Yencheu, a City in the Province of Xanton in China.

Yenne, Etanna, a Town of France; upon the Rosne.

Yeovil, a Market Town in Semersetshire, in the Hundred of Stone, upon a River of its own name.

Yer, or Jerre, Edera, a small River of France: which falls into the Seyne in la Brie: Five Miles above Paris to the East.

Yesd, Yesda, a great City in the Province of Airach, in the Kingdom of Persia; one hundred and thirty Miles from Hispahan to the East.

Yglesias. See Villa de Chiesa.

Ygnos, the same with Eno.

Yla. See Ila.

Yocheu, a City in the Province of Huquam in China.

Yonne, Icauna, Jauna, Junna, a River of France; which ariseth in the Dukedom of Burgundy near Autun, from the Mountains de Morvant: and passing by Clamecy in Nivernois, receives the Cure. So passeth to Auxerre, where it is first Navigable. Then admitting the Serine and the Armancione, it falls below Sens into the Seyne: Seventeen Leagues above Paris, and seven above Melun to the East.

York, Eboracum, Eburacum, Brigantium, the Capital City of Yorkshire; and an Archbishops See; in the North Riding. Called by the British Caer Effroc, by Ninius Caer Ebrauc, by the English York. Seated upon the River Ver or Ʋre; which is since by the Saxons called Ouse, from Ouseburne, a small River that falls into it. It is in Honour, Wealth, and Greatness the second City of England: and the far greatest not only in that Shire, but in all the North. Having thirty Parish Churches, besides the Cathedral; and governed by a Lord Mayor, like London. A pleasant, well built, strong, and beautiful City: and the most ancient Archbishops See in this Island. The Ʋre or Ouse, having with a gentle stream entered it from the North-West, divides it into two unequal parts; united by a Stone-Bridge. The West part (tho much less peopled) is incompassed with a sair Wall; the other which is greater, more populous and close built, is fortified also with strong Walls with Turrets upon them, and a muddy Dike. Herein William the Conqueror built a strong Castle, now ruined by time: on the North-East side of this part stands the Cathedral Church dedicated to S. Peter; which is a stately and a venerable Fabrick. This City was built by the Romans, about the times of Hadrian the Emperour; and had the honour of a Roman Colony bestowed on it in the Reign of Severus, who died in his Palace here, in the year of Christ 210. In the year 306, Flavius Valerius Constantius, Surnamed Clorus, (the Virtuous Father of Constantine the Great) ended his life in this City. Constantine his Son, took upon him here the Government of his Fathers share of the Empire; who became afterwards the first Christian Emperour, the deliverer of the Church, and the Establisher and Exalter of the Cross. In the times that followed, (though she had the Honour to be an Archbishops See; and Eborius Bishop of this City in the year 313. subscribed to the Council of Arles, before Restitutus Bishop of London; yet) the Barbarous Nations in the next Century breaking in upon the Roman Empire; this City suffered from the Picts and Saxons all the miseries of VVar. So that about the year 627. when Paulinus was to Baptize Edwin King of Northumberland, they were forced to build a little Oratory of VVood for that purpose; all the ancient Churches being entirely ruined. Hereupon that Prince began the building of the present Cathedral, which was finished by his Successor Oswald. From this time forward, this Church and City began to revive and flourish again. The Archbishops had under them not only all the North of England, but all the Kingdom of Scotland, till 1471 (or as others, 74) In 740,

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Egbert, Archbishop of York, opened here a noble Library; which a contemporary Historian calls the Cabinet of all liberal Arts: from whence Alcuinus the Preceptor of Charles the Great, and Founder of the University of Paris, borrowed those Lights which have since glittered there. About 867, the Danes had so weakened this City the second time, that Osbright and Ella, Kings of Northumberland, brake easily through its VValls: and fought the Danes in the City; where both these valiant Princes were slain, and the Danes remained Masters of it. It was recovered again out of the Hands of the Danes, by King Athelstane in 928: and was a City of sixteen hundred and twenty eight Mansions, in the Reigns of Edward the the Confessor, and William the Conqueror. In 1069, (the fourth year of the Conqueror's Reign) Sweno the Dane, and Edgar Atheling the lawful Prince of England, with the Scots, attacking this place; the Normans siring the Suburbs, the City took fire too: and the Enemy entring at the same time, Fire and Sword almost destroyed it. Those few Citizens which escaped were made a Sacrifice to the Jealousie of William the Conqueror. In the Reign of King Stephen, Egberts Library, the Cathedral, and a great part of the City was burnt by a casual Fire. Nor was the Cathedral rebuilt before the Reign of Edward I. At which time the Citizens also rebuilt the Walls of the City. Richard II. made it a County incorporate by it self: Annexing a small Territory to it on the West side, in which the Archbishops of York enjoy the Rights of Palatines. Richard III. began the Repair of the Castle, which ended with his short Reign. Henry VIII. erected here a Court of Chancery for the North; not much unlike the Parliaments of France: which lasted till the War in 1640, put a period to it. Charles I. retired hither in 1641: when the Tumults of London forced him from thence. This City stood firmly to him, and had certainly restored him to his rightful Dominion and Authority, had not the Scots broke their Faith, and entred England the second time in 1644: who joyning with Manchester and Fairfax, besieged this City with three Armies. Prince Rupert came up and relieved it July 31. But the Kings Forces being defeated at Marstonmoor soon after, July 16. this Loyal City was delivered up to the Parliament upon Honorable Terms: and ill kept by the prosperous Rebels. Long. 22 25. Lat. 54. 10. Cambden.

Yorkshire, Eboracensis Comitatus, the far greatest County of England. Divided for Civil Affairs into three Ridings, or smaller Counties. Bounded on the North by the Bishoprick of Durham, cut off by the River Tees; on the West by Lancashire and Westmoreland; on the South by Cheshire, Darbyshire, Nottingham, and Lincolnshire, cut off by the Humber: On the whole Eastern side it is beaten by the German Sea. In length from North to South near seventy Miles, in breadth eighty, in compass three hundred and eight; inclosing five hundred and sixty three Parishes, and forty nine Market Towns; with many Chappels of Ease, as large and populous as Parishes. The East-riding is comprehended betwixt the River Derwent and the Sea; being the least. The North-riding extends as far as Westmorland; and the West-riding (which is the largest) is bounded by the two other Ridings to the North; the Counties of Derby and Nottingham, with Cheshire to the South; Lincolnshire to the East, and Lancashire to the West. The Air is generally temperate, the Earth fruitful: Affords besides Corn and Grass, excellent Mines of Coal and Lead, and Quarries of Stone. Beside the Tees and Humber, (its mentioned boundaries), and the Dun, which separates a part of it from Lincolnshire: Her• is the Swale, Youre, Nyd, Warfe, Are, Calder, Derwent, all falling into the Ouse at or below York; and the Hull, falling into the Humber at Hull. The ancient Inhabitants of it were the Brigantes; who were conquered by the Romans with great difficulty, about the year 57. in the Reign of Nero. About the year 547. Ina Conquered this County; and began the Kingdom of Northumberland, of which this was a part. After the Conquest, the first and only Earl of York (which we find upon Record) is Otho of Bavaria, in 1190. In 1385. Edmund of Langley, (fifth Son of Edward III. Earl of Cambridge) was Created Duke of York. In 1401. Edward his Son. In 1415. Richard his Grandchild succeeded in this Duchy. In 1474. Richard of Shrewsbury, second Son of Edward IV. had this Title. In 1495. Henry (second Son of Henry VII. who was after King of England) had it. In 1604. Charles second Son of King James I. In 1643. James, second Son of Charles I. was Created Duke of York So that the three last Dukes of York, have been afterwards Kings of England.

Youre, a River in Yorkshire, falling into the Ouse at York. Rippon and Boroughbridge stand upon it.

Yperen, or Ypres, Hyprae, a City in the Earldom of Flanders; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Mechlin, by the Institution of P. Paul IV. It is very strong, and has a new Cittadel. Taken by the French, March 26. in 1678, and still in their Hands. This City stands in a fruitful Plain, upon a River of the same Name; six Leagues from Newport to the South, five from Courtray towards Calais, and thirteen from Gand or Gaunt.

Yssel, Isala, Aliso, Isla, Fossa Drusiana, a River in the Low Countries, believed to be a Branch of the Rhine; but indeed a Cut made by Drusius a Roman Prince and General under Augustus the Emperor. It parts from the North Branch of the Rhine above Arnham; and bearing North, watereth Doesburg, Zutphen, Deventer, Zwol, Campen; and parting the Velewe from Over-Yssel, falls into the Zuyder Zee. It took this Name from a smaller River, called Alt-Yssel, the Old Yssel: which arising near Heyden in Cleve, watereth Schermbeeck▪ Ringeberg, Weert, Ysselburg, Aenholt (taking in the Aa,) Burg, Dotekom; and at Doesburg, falls into this Cut or Branch of the Rhine.

Yvica. See Ivica.

Yvoix, a small but strong Town in the Dukedom of Luxemburgh, upon the River Chiers: four Leagues from Montmedi to the West, twelve from Luxemburgh, and two from Sedan to the East. Taken and dismantled by the French in 1552. Refortified by the Spaniards, and retaken by the French; recovered by the Spaniards in 1637. And I believe returned under the French again.

Yupi, a Kingdom in the Asiatick Tartary: East of the Kingdom of Niuche.

Z A. (Book z)

ZAara, or Saara, a vast Desert in Africa; extending from East to West; between Biledulgerida to the North, Nigritia to the South, Nubia to the East, and the Atlantick Ocean to the West. The Seat of the ancient Getuli and Garamantes. Modern Geographers have discovered some Towns, Lakes and River•

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there, which give names to the respective desarts about them. Berdoa and Zuenziga are of this number. But generally Sands, Scorpions, and Monsters; Lions, Tigers, and Ostriches, take up the Habitations of these Desarts.

Mar de Zabacche, the same with Limen or the Palus Moeotis.

Zaberen Elsas, Zabera, Tabernae, a City of the Lower Alsatia, upon the River Sorr; four German Miles from Strasburg to the West: Called by the French, Saverne. The usual Residence of the Bishop of Strasburg, whilst that City was in the Hands of the Protestants.

Zabes, a City of Transylvania, upon the River Merish; six Miles from Weissemburg to the South, and twenty nine from Hermstadt to the West. Called by the Natives Zas Zebes also, and by the Germans Millembach. Some suppose it to be the Zeugma of the Ancients.

Zacatecas, or los Zacatecas, a Province in New Spain; betwixt New, Biscay, and New Galicia, in South America.

Zaconia, Laconia, a Province in the Morea.

Zacynthus. See Zante.

Zadaon, Calipus, a considerable River in Portugal, called also Zadan. It ariseth in the Borders of Algarve; and running North, watereth Alvalada, Garcia de Minjuno, and Alcaser; and at Setuval, six Leagues South of the Tajo, falls into the Atlantick Ocean.

Zaflan, a Lake in the Ʋpper Aethiopia, with a Town of the same name; under the Abyssines formerly: but ravished from them by the Galla's or Gala's, a neighbour Nation.

Zagathai, Zagataia, a considerable Country between the Kingdoms of Thibet to the East, Persia to the South, and the Caspian Sea to the West; in Tartary, in Asia. Called also Ʋsbech.

Zagaya, one of the modern names of the Mountain Helicon.

Zagrabia, Sisopa, Zagabria, Soroga, Vicus Italicus. A City in Sclavonia, which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Colocza; and the Head of a County of its own Name. A place of great strength and well peopled. It is near the Borders of Croatia; forty five Miles from Vihitz to the North, fifteen from Gradisca to the West, and eleven from Cilley to the South-East; upon the North side of the Drave. This City and County has ever been in the Hands of the Germans, who call it Agram. The Bishops of it have the care of all Sclavonia.

Zagrus, the Mountain dividing the ancient Media from Assyria, in Asia: through which, some pretend that Semiramis pierced a passage into Media, which bore the name anciently of Zagripylae, or the Streights of Zagrus; and the Mountain itself, of Semiramis.

Zaire, Zairus, a vast and a celebrated River of Africa, in the Ʋpper Aethiopia: which ariseth out of a great Lake of the same name: and flowing Westward, watereth the Kingdoms of Cosange, Macoco, Congo, and in part that of Loangi. At last falls into the Atlantick Ocean by a Mouth, twenty eight Miles broad, in five degrees of Southern Latitude. This River is not navigable above eighty Miles upward from its Mouth; by reason of its Cataracts. It has been formerly thought, that the Nile derives its source from the Lake Zaire: But Thevenot, and Jeremy Lobo a Portugueze, who lived twelve years in this Country, have undecelved us with their better accounts.

Zalderane, a spacious Plain near the City Tauris, in Persia; towards the Borders of Armenia: beyond the Euphrates: made remarkable by the Battel fought upon it, Aug. 26. 1514. betwixt Ismael K. of Persia and Selim. I. Emperor of the Turks.

Zama, an ancient City of Africa, which is the modern Zamora in the Kingdom of Algiers. Called in an inscription yet extant in it, Colonia Aelia Hadriana Augusta Zama Regia. Hannibal received a great defeat from Scipio at this City. Juba King of Mauritania chose it for the Capital of his Kingdom. In the ancient Christian times here, it had the honour of a Bishops See. Pliny mentions an excellent Fountain near it of the same name.

Zambeze, a great River of Aethiopia, in Africa; which springeth from a Lake of its own name (but called also Sachat), upon the Borders of the Empires of Monomotapa and Abyssinia: And after the reception of many Rivers into its bed, divides itself towards its Mouth into four great Branches; inclosing divers large and fruitful Islands: so falls into the Aethiopick Ocean, upon the Consines of Sofala and Mosambick. Some confound the Lake, Zambeze, with that of Zaire.

Zamora, a City in the Kingdom of Leon, upon the River Douro; which is a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Compostella; so made by P. Calixtus II. in the Reign of Alphonsus VI. in 1119. Nine Leagues from Miranda to the East, and fourteen from Validolid to the West. See also Zama.

Zamoski, Zamoscium, a City in Red Russia; in the Kingdom of Poland; upon a fine Plain, near the River Weper: Built by a Grand Chancellour of Poland, of the name of Zamoski; fourteen Polish Miles from Luxemburgh to the North. It is a place of great strength, and baffled an Attempt of the Cossacks upon it, in 1651.

Zanaga. See Senga.

Zancle, an ancient City of the Island of Sicily: whose destruction by Anaxilaus, a King of the Rhegenses in Italy, makes it mentioned in History and Antiquity. Ovid expresses the whole Island by its name, in saying;

——Zancle quoque juncta fuisse Dicitur Italiae.

Some suppose Messina now stands in the place of it.

Zanfara, a City and Kingdom of Nigritia in Africa.

Zanguebar, Zanguebaria, a great Region in the Lower Aethiopia, in Africa. It has this Name from the Arabians, over against whose Country it lies: (signifying Negroes or Blacks:) upon the Aethiopian Ocean, on the Eastern Shoar of Africa. It extends from North to South; from five degrees of Northern, to eighteen degrees of Southern Latitude: but of small breadth. The Kingdoms of Mombaza, Melinda, Mosambick, Lamo, Queilloa, and many others of less note are contained in it: full of Forests and Marshes, which create a pestilent Air, and an unfruitful Soil.

Zanhaga, a Region and Desert upon the Atlantick Ocean in Africa. North of the Kingdom of Tombutum, or Tombotu, in Lybia; under the Tropick of Cancer: South of Marocco.

Zante, Zacynthus, a great Island in the Ionian Sea, under the States of Venice. Twenty four Miles long, sixteen broad, and sixty in circuit. It lies twelve Miles from Cefalonia to the South, and the same from the Morea to the West. It contains forty eight Castles, fifty▪ Villages, and one City of the same Name with the Island: which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Corfu: has an excellent Harbor on the

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East side, defended by a strong Castle upon an high Hill, and a Garrison of Roman Catholicks; but the Inhabitants are for the most part of the Greek Church. Mr. Wheeler saith, it is not above thirty Miles in circuit; but one of the most fruitful and pleasant places he ever saw. Lat 36. 30. It produces Wine, Corn, and Oyl with great abundance: Robert Guichard the Valiant Norman, Duke of Puglia, dyed here in his Voyage to the Holy Land. The chief Commodity is the Curran-Trade, which bears the Charge of the Venetian Fleet or Armada. The City, and indeed the whole Island is very populous; subject to Earthquakes, which forceth them to build low. The Jews have three Synagogues; the Dominicans and other Religious, three Monasteries: the Episcopal See of Cephalonia and Zante is the same, (the two Islands making but one Diocese:) the City Zante may contain twenty or twenty five thousand Inhabitants: There is only one River in the Island, whose Communication with the Sea makes it Salt; and one plentiful spring of sweet water: But the great number of its Jacynths gives occasion to some to derive its Name from them. See Mr. Wheeler, pag. 39.

Zanzibar, an Island of the Aethiopick Ocean, in Africa.

Zaquismael, Susiana, a Province of Asia.

Zara, Jadera, an ancient Roman City and Port in Dalmatia; called by the Sclavonians, Zadar. It is an Archbishops See, upon the Adriatick. One hundred and eighty Miles from Venice to the East, one hundred from Pola, and forty from Sebenico. It belonged anciently to the Kingdom of Hungary; and was sold to the Venetians, with the little Islands its dependencies, in 1409, by Ladislaus King of Hungary and Naples, for an hundred thousand Duckats. Besides the strength of its situation, (being encompassed with the Sea and only communicating with the Continent by a Draw-Bridge, defended by six Bastions;) the Venetians have bestowed much in artificial Fortifications. Long. 39. 23. Lat. 44. 43.

Zarnata, a Town in the Province of Tzaconia in the Morea: upon an agreeable eminence, in a Figure almost Circular: rendered both by art and nature, a place of great consideration. The Turkish Garrison consisted of six hundred Men, when it Capitulated with General Morosini, in 1685. But the Aga, who commanded, in fear of his head passed over to the Venetian Territories.

Zarmisogethusa, or Zarmis, the Capital City of the ancient Kingdom of Dacia: in the Reign of Decebalus. Trajan caused it to be called, after his Conquest of Dacia, Ʋlpia Trajana: There is an ancient Inscription, which writes; Colonia Ʋlpia Trajana Augusia Dacia Zarmis: wherein both its ancient names are preserved.

Zatmar, Zatmarium, a strong City amongst the Mountains in the Ʋpper Hungary, upon the River Samos, near the Borders of Transylvania; ten German Miles from Great Waradin to the North, and fourteen from Tockay to the East. This is the Capital of a County of the same name; and has ever been in the Hands of the Emperor as King of Hungary: only in 1680. Teckley took it.

Zator, Zatoria, a Town in the Palatinate of Cracow, in Poland; upon the Vistula, where the Skawda falls into it: which is the Capital of a Dukedom. Six Polish Miles from Cracow to the West, in the Borders of Silesia.

Zayolha, or Zavolha, a Hord of Tartars in the desert Tartary; towards the Obb and the North Sea.

Zea. This Island, of the Archipelago, is Mountainous on the North and South Coasts: on the East, it has a secure and large Harbour. In the midst of it, a City of its own name, which is a Bishops See of the Greek Church: the Bishop divides his Residence betwixt this Island and Thermia. It produces good Wine, and trades much in Silk. Anciently adorned with four Cities, and thence called Tetrapolis. See Cea.

Zeb, Zebum, Zebes, a Town and Region in Biledulgerid, in Africa.

Zecaro, a River of Portugal.

Zeelandt. See Seelandt.

Zeila, a City in the Kingdom of Adel in Africa, at the Mouth of the Red Sea: seated upon the Outlet of a River of the same Name: which affords it the convenience of a good Harbor. It stands over against Aden. Long. 75. 00. Lat. 10. 35.

Zeilan, Ophir, Taprobana, a great Island in the East-Indies, to the East of the Cape of Malabar; called also Ceylan and Ceylam by the Spaniards, by the Inhabitants Tenarisin. It is of an Oval Form; six hundred and fifty Miles in circuit: contains nine Kingdoms. The principal of which is the Kingdom of Candy, seated in the middle of the Island. This place produceth Spice in great abundance, which has drawn the Dutch to settle here. They have possessed themselves of Columbo and Negombo, which belonged before to the Portuguese. There is lately published an exact Account of this Island in English, by a Person who lived there many years.

Zeitz, Zitia, a small City in Misnia, in the Ʋpper Saxony, upon the River Elster: four German Miles from Altenburg, and five from Leypsick. Heretofore a Bishops See; now removed to Naumburg; under the Bishop of which Diocese it is.

Zela, or Ziela, an ancient City of Cappadocia, in the Lesser Asia: famous in the Wars of Caesar, for his sudden Victory here over Pharnac•s K. of Pontus, Son of Mithridates the Great. It became since Christianity a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Amasia; and now said to retain its name, tho not its honour, under the Turks. The Veni, Vidi, Vici of Caesar, in his Letter to the Senate, understands the Victory here.

Zelandia, Zelandt, is a small Province of the Ʋnited Netherlands; heretofore an Earldom. It consists of five Islands at the Mouth of the Schelde; which are Walcheren, Zud Bevelandt, Nort Bevelandt, Schowen, and Duvelandt. These Islands have been much greater than now: being in part drowned by several great Inundations; especially in 1304, and 1509. They lie between Holland to the North, Brabant to the East, Flanders to the South, and the German Sea to the West. The Capital of this State is Middleburgh. The rest are Flushing, Ziriczee, Goes, and Tolen. There are about one hundred and two Villages in it.

New Zelandt, is a part of the South Continent; discovered by the Hollanders, in 1654: extending from North to South. But whether it be not an Island, is not yet certainly known.

Zelbecdibes, the Greater Armenia.

Zelia, an ancient City of Troas in Mysia, in Asia the less: it stood near Cyzicus; upon an eminence; surrounded with Plains and Mountains.

Zell, Cella, a small City in the Dukedom of Lunenburgh, upon the River Aller: six German Miles from Brunswick, seven from Hildisheim to the North, and five from Newstadt to the East. It is a strong place; and has a Noble Castle, which is the Seat of a Duke.

Zell Hammerspach, Cella, a small City in Schwaben, upon the River Nagolt; which is a free Imperial City, under the Protection of the House of Austria; five Miles from Stutgard to the West.

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Nova Zembla, a Northern Region first discovered by the Hollanders in 1594. in their search for a passage to the East-Indies by China: separated from Moscovy by those Streights, they then called We gats Streights. In 1596. Aug. 29. they Landed upon the North Coast of it; and were there detained, whilst their Vessels lay engaged in Ice, to June 29. 1597. under continual night from Novemb. 4. to the beginning of February: excessive cold, and in a desart quarter of the Country: where three of their Seamen were devoured by Wild Bears and Wolves. It is an inhabited Country: But whether an Island of the Frozen Sea, or joyned to the Great Tartary Eastward, none have discovered.

Zemblin, a Town and County of the Ʋpper Hungary.

Zembra, a Lake and River in Monomoapa, in Africa.

Zemonico, a Fortress in Dalmatia, seven Miles from Zara: lost to the Turks from the Venetians in 1573: but taken and dismantled by the Venetians in 1647. And the Turks in vain attempted to reestablish themselves in it in 1682.

Zenne. See Senne.

Zenopolis, a City of the ancient Pamphylia, in Ajia Minor: which was a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Seleucia; and mentioned in the first General Council at Constantinople. The Emperour Zeno enlarged, and gave his name to it.

Zerbi, Zetta, a small Island on the Coast of Barbary, near the Shoars of the Kingdom of Tripoli.

Zerynthus, a City and famous Cave in the Island of Samothracia, in the Archipelago, in the ancient times: Lycophron calls the latter, Antrum Canis. And Ovid expresses the whole Island by the City saying

Inde levi vento Zerynthia littora nacta, &c.

Zeugitana, a Country of the ancient Africa, upon the Coast of the Mediterranean, near Numidia: included now in the Kingdom of Algiers.

Zeugma, an ancient City of Syria: which became in Christian times a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Hierapolis. Alexander M. built a famous Bridge over the Euphrates here. § Another in the ancient Dacia.

Zibit, Saba, Zibitum, a City in the Happy Arabia; the Capital of a Kingdom, and a great City: seated near the Gulph of Arabia; one hundred and eighty Miles from Aden to the West, and two hundred from the Mouth of the Gulph to the same. The Turks not long since took it. But the King of it has since recovered it out of their Hands. There is a River in this Kingdom of the same name. Long. 76.00. Lat. 16.56.

Zidem, Ziden, Acila, Ocelis, a Port Town upon the Red Sea, the nearest to Mecca. It stands on the North side of the River Eda or Chaibar: twenty German Miles from Mecca to the South-West. A place of great Antiquity, and anciently had a very good Trade; being the usual Port, as Pliny saith, from whence the Ships went which sailed into the East-Indies.

Ziegenhaim, Zigenhaemum, a small City in the Lower Hassia, under the Landtgrave of Hess-Cassel; seven Miles from Cassel to the South, four from Frislar, and six from Fuld. The Capital of a County.

Zimbao, a Town and Fortress in Monotapia.

Zina, Pamphylia, a Province of the Lesser Asia.

Zinara, a deserted Island in the Archipelago, betwixt Amorgo and Levita; with Charuffa to the West of it: yet showing the ruines of Habitations.

Zinganes, Indian Pyrates, in the Empire of the Great Mogul.

The Zinhagiens. See Bereberes.

Zirfia, the Turkish Name of Servia.

Ziriczee, a considerable Town in the Island of Schowen: belonging to the State of Zeeland, in the United Netherlands: Built by the Flemings in 1304. The Spaniards possessed themselves of it in 1575. But were soon expelled again.

Zirifdin or Amansifirdin, a City of the Happy Arabia: understood to be the Acarman or Carman, by some the Omana, of the ancients.

Zitrachan, Albania, a Province of Asia.

Zittaw, Zitavia, a City of Germany in the Ʋpper Lusatia, upon the River Neiss: in the Borders of Bohemia, under the Elector of Saxony; four Miles above Gorlitz to the South. Built or Fortified by Wenceslaus King of Bohemia, in 1•55.

Ziz, a Chain of Mountains in the Province of Cuzt, in the Kingdom of Fez in Africa, to the South. Rich in Mines, but inhabited by such as make little profit of them.

Znaim, or Znoymo, Znoimum, a City of Moravia upon the River Teye; in the Borders of Austria; seven German Miles from Brune to the South, and ten from Vienna to the South-West. Taken by the Swedes in 1645; and frequently by others, in the German Wars.

Zoaro, Pisidon, a Town in Barbary, upon the Coast of Tripoli; with a convenient Port. Taken in 1552. by the Knights of Malta by surprize.

Zocoroph, the Gulph of Arabia.

Zocotora, or Socotora, and Socotarg, Diosorias, Dioscoridis Insula, Ogyris, a Town and Island upon the Coast of Zanguebar in Africa. Mountainous, hot, dry, and barren: its principal product is Dates, Aloes, and Frankincense. The People appear to be originally Arabians, by their Customs, Habits, and Language. The only City in it is of the same name with the Island.

Zoest, the same with Soest.

Zofala, the same with Sofala.

Zofingen, a great Town or City in Argow in Switzerland, under the Canton of Bearn: subject anciently to the Counts of Spitzbergh, who had a Cittadel near it; their Arms being still born by this City. But in 1285. it accepted of the protection of the Emperor Rodolph I. and in 1295, was by Siege reduced entirely under the obedience of Albert his Son. In 1396. a Fire totally consumed it. Again being rebuilt, it obtained divers privileges of the Princes of the House of Austria. In 1412. it fell together with all the Country of Argow, as now, under the Canton of Bearn. And 1528. embraced the Reformation.

Zolnoch, Zolnochium, a City of the Ʋpper Hungary; which is the Capital of a County of the same Name; upon the Tibiscus. Forty German Miles from Waradin to the West, and sixty from Buda to the East. Taken by the Turks in 1552. and retaken by the Imperialists in October 1685.

Zorandra, the place in the Mountain Taurus, upon the Confines of Armenia and Mesopotamia, in Asia: at which the Ancients supposed the River Tigris to bury it self under ground for some Leagues, and afterwards to rise again. But we have no such Modern account of the course of that River.

Zorlich, Tzurulum, a City of Thrace, which is a Bishops See; between Constantinople and Hadrianople.

Zoser, an ancient City and Promontory of Attica in Greece: betwixt the Piraeus of Athens, and the Island Zea. Much adicted to the VVorship

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of the Goddesses Latona and Diana in Pagan times.

Zubal, Zubu, or Zebu, one of the Philippine Islands: to which the Spaniards gave the name of los Pintados: because the Natives had, at the time of the discovery of it, their Faces painted with divers colours.

Zuenziga, a small Kingdom in Africa, in Zaara: on the East of the Kingdom of Zanhaga, and South of that of Morocco: with a City, and Desert, of its name.

Zues, the same with Sues.

Zug, Tougium, Tugium, a City and Canton in Switzerland; it consists all of Roman Catholicks, and is very small. Bounded on the North by Zurich, on the East and South by Schwitz, and on the West by Lucerne. The City stands one Mile from the Lake of Lucerne to the East, and eighteen from Zurich to the South. A free Imperial City till the year 1352. when it entred the League with the other Cantons.

Zurich, Tigurum, the Capital City of a Canton of the same Name in Switzerland; very great and populous. Divided into two parts by the River Limat, when it leaves the Lake of Zurich. It stands between Schafhouse to the North, and Lucerne to the South, twenty five Miles from each; eleven from the Rhine, and forty five from Soleurre. Made a Free Imperial City by Frederick II. in 1218. and Leagued with the Cantons 1351. So Ancient, as to be mentioned by Caesar in his Commentaries, who subjected it to the Romans. In the year of Christ 300. it was burnt by the Germans, and rebuilt by Dioclefian. In the year 883. Charles the Gross Walled it. It embraced the Reformation in 1521. Long. 30. 20. Lat. 46: 58: § The Canton of Zurich is the first of the thirteen in order. Bounded by Bearne and Lucerne to the West, Schafhouse to the North, Zug and Schwitz on the South, and Appenzel to the East; it consists of none but Protestants.

Zuricher Zee, Lacus Tigurinus, a Lake in the Canton of Zurich; twenty five Miles long from East to West, and five broad.

Zutphen, Zutphania, a City of Guelderland; belonging to the United Provinces, upon the Yisel, where it takes in the Berkel; one German Mile from Deventer to the South, and from Doesburg to the North. A place of great strength. Taken by the French in 1672. dismantled and deserted by them two years after. The Dutch took it from the Spaniards, in the year 1586. when Sir Philip Sidney was slain.

De Zuyder Zee, a great Bay between Friseland to the East, Guelderland to the South, and Holland to the West. There goes a Creek from it up to Amsterdam.

Zweybrucken, Bipontium, a City of Germany; called by the French Deuxponts, and by the Germans Zweybucken. It stands upon the River Schwolbe in Wasgow; in the Borders of the Palatinate of the Rhine; ten German Miles from Worms to the West, and a little more from Strasburg to the North; and is the Capital of a Sovereign Dukedom in Alsatia, upon which the King of Sweden has some pretensions. It suffered very much in the last German and French War.

Zwickaw, Cygnea, Zuikavia, a small City in Misnia in the Ʋpper Saxony, upon the River Muldaw: four German Miles from Altenburg, and ten from Leypsick. In the Province of Voigtlandt, at the foot of the Vandalick Mountains; near the source of the Mayne. It belongs to the Elector of Saxony; and in the VVars of Charles the Great, had divers Encampments about it to its great damage. It was a Free Imperial City, till surprised by Frederick Marquess of Misnia, in 1308.

Zwol, Z•volla, a City of Over-yssel, upon the River Aa, not far from the Yssel: which was a Free Imperial City and an Hanse Town, but now exempt. Eight Miles from the Mouth of the Yssel to the South, and eighteen from Deventer to the North. A strong place till the French took it in 1672: and dismantled it in 1674.

Zigeth. V. Sigeth.

FINIS.

To the Reader.

AMong some Faults which have escaped the Press, which the Reader is desired to forgive and correct, as not being many nor considerable, this Oversight of the Printer is too gross not to be minded. P. 5. Col. 2. the two last Lines of the Description of AFRICA are annexed to the account of Afra, viz. And stands divided into Egypt, Barbary, Biledulgerid or Numidia, Zaara or Libya, Nigritia and Aethiopia.