Source:MoreriXYZ

X. (BOOK X)

X. THIS Letter has the force of a double Consonant, which made the Ancients often make use of it instead of cs and gs, saying Apex for Apecs, and Grex for Grecs. Quintilian and Cicero have observ'd, that this Letter cou'd be very well spar'd in Latin. The Ancients made use of it to mark Ten, which is the Reason that V half the X is put for Five; and in this Sense Ausonius speaks of it in his Verses de Litt. Monos.

In Latio numerus Denarius, Argolicum X.

There are also some ancient Coins called Denarii, because the Letter X is stamped upon them.

Xacca, the first Founder of Idolatry in the Indies and Eastern Countries; but none but the Japanians call him so, for the Indians call him Rama, the Chinois Xian, the People of Tonquin Chiaga. The History of his Life relates, that his Mother being big with him, dream'd that she bore a white Elephant: And this Fable is the Occasion of that so great passion the Kings of Siam, Tonquin, and China, have for white Elephants, that they believe themselves very happy when they can meet with any. This Xacca having retir'd into a Desert, invented the Worship of Devils, and at his Return out of this Solitude, found 80000 Disciples, amongst whom he chose 10000 to instruct others in these detestable Maxims, ordering them to put no other Title to their Books but this, Ipse dixit, and this to imitate the Submission of the Disciples of Pythagoras, who in speaking of their Master used to say 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, he said so himself, meaning their Master. The Design of this Impostor in this, was to hinder Disputes, lest People should forsake his Superstitions upon a strict Examination. The Brachmanes say, that Xacca has suffer'd a Metempsychosis 80000 Times, and that his Soul has pass'd into so many different kinds of Beasts, whereof the last was a white Elephant; and that after all these Changes he was receiv'd into the Company of the Gods, and is become a Pagode. Kircher de la Chine.

Xagua, a Gulf upon the Southern Coasts of the Isle of Cuba, one of the Antilles in America. The French call it the great Port, because it's one of the fairest and most convenient in America. The Length is about a Cannon shot, and the Breadth as far as a Pistol can carry. It's hemm'd in on both sides with Rocks which seem a Wall they are so even; these form a Quay. It's so deep, that any Ships may easily come into it. Over against this Channel is a great Bay environ'd with a rising Ground. This Bay has about six Leagues in circuit, and in the middle of it there is a little Island, where Ships have the best Water in the World. In the Neighbourhood of this Port the Spaniards have Parks, wherein they breed a great number of Swine; these Parks have Trees which bear Fruit and Grain successively every Year, so that these Hogs never go abroad for Food. There are some Spaniards who get 5 or 6000 Crowns a Year by these Parks, without being at any considerable Expences. Oexmelin. Hist. des Indes.

Xamsi, a Province of China to the North, between Pekeli and Xensi. The chief Town is called Taiven; the other principal Towns are Tingianh, Teitung, Lugan, and Fuencheu; who have 72 other Towns under them. Some affirm, that there are hot Wells in this Province made use of to boil Meat in this Fashion; the Hole••• Mouth of the Well is all made up, only a Place left to put the Pot in; so the strength of the Fumes being thus shut in, the Meat is boil'd in a very short time. These Wells are thought to be nothing else but certain Conduits that come from the Subterranean Fire. Here is also Land-Coal, much of the Nature of that of Juliers in Germany. When it's drawn up they break and make it up into a kind of Paste or Mortar, and being thus prepared it is hard to make it take fire; but when it once burns it lasts a long time.

Xanthe, a River of Little Phrygia in Asia Minor or Natolia, otherwise call'd Scamander. It was called Xanthe for the property of its Water, which makes the Wool of Sheep that drink of it Yellow, which the Greeks call Xanthum.

Xantiens, Xanthiens, certain People of Asia, who being Besieged and brought very low by Harpagus Lieutenant to King Cyrus, shut their Children, Wives, Servants, and Goods in their Citadel, and put fire to it, then ran desperately upon the Enemy, and were all cut off.

Xantippe, Socrates's Wife, and a troublesome one. Alcibiades ask'd Socrates, How he did to bear with her? the other answer'd, she exercis'd his Patience, and so inured him the better to undergo the other Evils of his Life. Laertius.

Xantippus, a famous Lacedemonian, was sent by his Country to succour the Carthaginians against the Romans, who under the Conduct of Attilius Regulus had beat Amilcar and the two Asdrubals. This brave Commander stop'd the Romans Prosperity, beat them in several Rencounters, and inspight of Regulus's Resistance put the Carthaginians upon the Offensive. After this Service the Carthaginians sent him home with many Tokens of their Acknowledgment; but under hand ordered those that were to see him back, to contrive that he might be drown'd. This Treachery confirm'd the general Opinion, That the Carthaginians were not to be Trusted.

Xantung, a Province of the Empire of China, one of the fertilest of the whole Country. Its Towns are Cinan, Jencheu, Tachang, Cingeheu, Tengeheu, and Laicheu, which are Capitals of 98 others.

Xaching, a Town of China upon the River Che in the Province of Chekiangt, one of the finest of the Country; built like Venice.

Xavier. See Francis Xavier.

Xaura, a River of Southern America in Peru. It comes out of the Lake of Chincacocha, and receives the Rivers of Parchos, of Timague, Abancay, Apuruna, and Incay; and afterwards passes through the Province of Maina, Mananes, Pachamores, and discharges it self into the great River of the Amazones.

Xenagoras, a Greek Historian, who writ a Chronicle and other Works often quoted by the Ancients. Dionys. de Halicarnass.

Xenarchus, a Peripatetick Philosopher, Native of Seleucia, a Town of Cilicia in Asia Minor, and Strabo's Master. He taught publickly in Alexandria, and was belov'd by the Emperor Augustus. He lost his Sight a little before his Death. There was another Comick Poet of this Name quoted by Aristotle, &c.

Xeniades of Corinth being about to buy Diogenes the Cynick amongst other Slaves, ask'd him what he could do? To which he answer'd, That he knew how to command free Persons. This Answer made Xeniades buy him; and giving him his Liberty, with the charge of his Children, said, Receive these and command them.

Xenocrates of Calcedonia, Philosopher, Son of Anthenor, was Plato's Disciple. His Wit, though sound, was none of the quickest; which made his Master say, that Aristotle wanted a Bridle, and Xenocrates a Spur. He govern'd the School of Athens for 25 Years, and was sent Embassador by the Athenians to Philip King of Macedonia, and a long time after to Antipater; in which Occasions he shew'd much Prudence and Moderation. Alexander the Great had so great an Esteem for him, that he sent his Embassadors to carry him 30 Talents of Gold; which Xenocrates return'd again; and having treated the Embassadors at his Table, said, You see I do not need your Presents, for a little satisfies me; Mony is necessary to Kings, Philosophers have no occasion of any. He used to say, That several have repented of Speaking, but none, or very few, of having held their Tongues. He chid a Scholar that came to hear him without studying the Mathematicks, that Science being, in his Opinion, the Key to all others. He writ six Books upon Nature, six of Philosophy, and one of Riches. It's said he died stifled in a heap of Meal that he fell into, in the 82d Year of his Age. Vossius. Gesner.

Xenophanes of Colophon, a Philosopher, was in great esteem in the LX Olympiad. It's said, that being banished his Country he went to Zanila and Catana in Sicily, and that he compos'd a great number of Verses; Diogenes Laertius says 2000. He admitted 4 Elements, and an infinite number of Worlds.

Xenophile, a Musician, and Pythagorean Philosopher, noted for living 105 Years in perfect Health and great Reputation. Pliny.

Xenophon, Captain, Philosopher, and Historian, was Native of Athens, and Son of Gryllus. He stuck to Socrates, and was one of the most famous Disciples that this Philosopher had; but at last was forc'd to take Arms, and put himself at the Head of the Troops. He enter'd Byzantium, and by his Eloquence hindred that Towns being plunder'd. This was in the XIV Olympiad, after that he had almost the whole Honour of the memorable Retreat of the 10000 Greeks sent to assist young Cyrus, of which Retreat Xenophon hath left us the History. He publish'd that of Thucidides, and continued it, being the first Philosopher that undertook this sort of work. He also writ Cyrus the Elder's Institution, a Work, according to Cicero, purely Moral and Historical. These fine Pieces gain'd their Author the Surname of the Grecian Bee, and Athenian Muse, to express his fine Language and smooth Stile. As for the Book of Equivocals, printed in the last Age under his Name, it's well enough known to be a Cheat of Annius de Viterbe, as well as that of Berosus, and a dozen more. As for the rest, he and Plato were no great Friends, but Diogenes Laertius tells us, it was but a Jealousie of Wit, and an Emulation of the Learned. After the famous Retreat of Persia, Xenophon follow'd Agesilaus into Asia, was with him at the Battel of Coronea, whence he retir'd to Scillente that belonged to the Lacedemonians, because he was banished Athens for siding with Cyrus. He liv'd there in the Study of Philosophy, composing several Treatises of Morals, with the History mention'd before, until the Lacedemonians were subdued by Epaminondas; then he retir'd to Corinth, where he died, aged 90 Years, in the CV Olympiad. It's said of Xenophon, that News being brought him, as he was Sacrificing, that his Son was dead, he 〈1+ pages missing〉

Nay, he would term it the Garden of England, but that it is so f•r from the Mansion-House the City of London. And those, says he, who care not to go thither, because of its great Distance, would not desire (were they but setled there) to come from thence, such is the Delight and Pleasure therein. Then he goes on with the Story of Dr. Tonstall Bishop of Durham; who attending King Henry VIII in his Progress to York, shewed the King a Valley some Miles North of Doncaster, which he avowed to be the richest that ever he found in all his Travels through Europe. For within ten Miles of Hasselwood, the Seat of the Vavasers, there were 165 Mannor-Houses of Lords, Knights, and Gentlemen of the best Quality; 275 several Woods, whereof some of 500 Acres; 32 Parks, and two Chases of Deer; 120 Rivers and Btooks, whereof 5 Navigable, and well stored with Salmon and other Fish; 76 Water-Mills, for the Grinding of Corn on the aforesaid Rivers; 25 Coal-Mines, yielding Abundance of Fuel for the whole Country; 3 Forges for making of Iron, and Stone enough for the same; and, within the same Limits, as much Sport and Pleasure for Hunting, Hawking, Fishing, and Fowling, as in any Place of England besides. But to come to a general Description of the Country, Speed hits it right when he says that, if one part thereof be stony and barren Ground, another is as fertile, and richly adorned with Corn-Fields. If some Places be naked and destitute of Woods, others are shadowed with fine Forests. If it be somewhere moorish, miry, and unpleasant, it is in other Places as pleasant and delightful as the Eye can wish. As for Rivers, here are many of good note: for, besides the Tees and the Humber, (this last a very large one) you will find in this County the Swale, Youre, Nyd, Wharf, Are, and Calder, whose Springs are in the West, the Derwent in the North, and the Hull in the East Riding. In this County are bred the best Race of English Horses, whose Keeping commonly in steep and stony Ground brings them to firmness of Footing and hardness of Hoof. Here is also Abundance of Jeat, Alum, Limestone, Licorish, and Medicinal Waters. Amongst its Manufactures, Cloathing is the principal. Next to which, Rippon Spurs, Sheffield Knives and Blades, and Sherburn Pins are of special Note: These last, though counted a Thing next to Nothing, yet of that general use, that, whereas formerly Strangers (according to Stow) have sold Pins in this Land to the Value of threescore thousand Pound a Year, now there is much of them Exported into Foreign Parts. As for Noblemens and Gentlemens Houses, for State as well as Conveniency, no County goes beyond this. Amongst which, Weresel-Castle upon the Derwent, erected by the Lord Percy Earl of Winchester in Richard the Second's Reign, was formerly counted an admirable Fabrick. Lastly, 'tis observable, that this County yields the most Titles of Honour of any other, there being at this time two Dukes, one Dutchess, one Marquis, and nine Earls, that have their Titles out of Yorkshire. The Dukes are of Richmond and Bolton; the Dutchess, of Cleveland; the Marquis, of Hallifax; the Earls, of Mulgrave, Kingston, Strafford, Craven, Burlington, Holderness, Derwentwater, Falconberg, and Scarborough. Besides the Knights of the Shire, it has 15 Towns which send two Burgesses each to Parliament.

Yucatan, Ycatana, a large Province of New Spain, seated in the Bosom of the Gulf of Mexico, in the Form of a Peninsula, over-against the North Point of Cuba; so that it divides that great Gulf into two Parts, the North called the Gulf of New Spain, the South the Gulf Honduras. This Land was discovered by Gortez in 1517, and was then thought to be an Island. It is in Circuit 250 Spanish Leagues. The Air is of the hottest, and it has neither River nor Torrent, but plenty of Well-Water. It yields Indian Fruits and Corn in good plenty. The Inhabitants say their Ancestors came from the East; and they have a kind of Baptism amongst them. There is vast Foundations of Stone Buildings, though they have no Iron, nor any other Metals whatsoever. They never contracted Matrimony before they were Baptized, and they fasted three Days before they were admitted to it, but they had nothing of Christianity besides this Ceremony, without any Form of Words; so that it was nothing but a shadow of Baptism. They have now plenty of European Cattel brought in by the Spaniards. Mountains running from East to West divide it into two Parts; the North part is very populous, because better watered and cooled by the Breezes; but those that live on the Mountains are most healthful, and live longest. Cortez began the Conquest of this Province in 1527. The principal City is Merida in 20 North Lat. in which the Governour resides. The Indians called it Mayapan. Yucatan is 70 Leagues distant from the North Cape of Cuba.

Yvetot, a little Scope of Land of Normandy in the Country of Caux near Caudebeck, whereof the Lord is said to have formerly had the Title of King, and that from Clotarius the First's Days, who having kill'd Gautier Lord of Yvetot in the Church of Soissons, condemned the Action afterwards; and being willing to repair it some way, erected the Lordship into a Kingdom. They that are against this History desire the primitive Title, that cannot be produc'd, and alledge that it's seldom that one Kingdom is erected within another; but answer'd, that the ancient Tradition and immemorial Possession confirmed by the King's Letters is Title enough. And that the County of Portugal was erected into a Kingdom by the King of Castile, and the Kingdom of Majorca established by the King of Arragon. But be this how it will, the Lords of Yvelot do not now enjoy that Sovereignty, and the Lords of Bellay that own it, content themselves with the Title of Prince of Yvetot.

Yupi, a Kingdom of Tartary, Eastward of the Kingdoms of Niulham and Ninche. The Yupiens are called thus because they make themselves Head-pieces and Corselets of the Skins of Fish which they have an Art to harden.

Z. (BOOK Z)

Z. THIS Letter is purely Greek, and only made use of in Words deriv'd from that Tongue. The Latins have no need of it, but instead thereof have their ss.

Zaara, or Saara, great Desarts of Africa between Biledulgerid, Nubia, Nigritia, and the Atlantick Ocean. Modern Geographers observe several Towns in it round Rivers and Lakes, whereof the most considerable are, Zanhaga, Zuenziga, Targa, Lenta, Berdoa, which for the most part give their Names to the Desarts that environ them. The Air of this Country is excessive hot, especially during our Solstice; for the Sun then casting its Beams directly upon the burning Sands, dries all the Moisture, so that the People are forced to keep in their little Huts, or seek Refreshment in Caverns, the most part of the Day. For this they chuse Places where they may dig Wells, to have Water to quench their excessive Thirst. These Wells prove often Saltish, and the Wind soon fills them with the Sand it raises. It's to this extraordinary Drought that People attribute the great number of Monsters seen in these Forests: For Beasts of all sorts meeting where there is Water, and equally hot through the great Heat of the Climate, couple and breed Monsters that partake of the different Kinds. These Desarts have great Numbers of Lions, Tigers, and Ostriches: These last, the biggest of Birds, are some of 'em taller than a Man on Horseback. They never fly, their Bodies being very heavy, and their Wings but narrow, which for all that help 'em to run as fast as an ordinary Gallop. Their Feet are cloven like to Deers, and they cast Stones with them when they are closely pursued. They lay their Eggs in the Sands of these Desarts; and some say are so forgetful, that they cannot find the Place again; and that the Eggs are hatch'd by other Birds that find and sit upon them. But a Modern Traveller has discover'd the contrary. He says indeed, the Ostriches leave their Eggs when they lay 'em, but keep in sight, and watch, lest any Thing should destroy them, until the Heat of the Sun and Sand hatches the Young Ones. He adds, That the Male and Female stand thus Centry by turns. They are deaf, which makes it easie to take them when they sleep. They will live on any Thing, insomuch that it's observ'd they dig•st Iron or any other Metal. The People of this Country trade in these Eggs, which are bought to make Vessels of, and to hang 'em in Mosques; but the Feathers are far more consider'd, because sought for from Europe. The Inhabitants of Zaara are unpolish'd and savage, yet a bold sort of People; for they will stand and meet the fiercest Lion or Tiger that is. They are divided into Families or Lineages: Each Head of a Family is Sovereign in his own Canton, and the Eldest is always Head. If he undertakes a War, he chuses the stoutest Man of all the rest for his Lieutenant. They follow the Mahometan Religion; but are no strict Observers of it. Marmol. of Africa.

Zabache (Sea of) formerly call'd Palus Meotis, to the East of the Black Sea, towards Little Tartary.

Zabulon, Son of Jacob and Leah, was born A. M. 2288, and died at 124 Years of Age, in 2411. He was Chief of one of the Tribes of Israel. The Lands of this Tribe, between the Sea and Mount Carmel, comprehended all the Towns of Caina, Bethsaida, Nazareth, &c. with Mount Tabor, and part of Galilee.

Zaca, a Name the Turks give that part of their Goods they allow for the Maintenance of the Poor. The Alcoran does not express how much this ought to be; but the Doctors think a good Mussulman shou'd give the 10th part of his Revenues. Some Authors make this but the 40th or 50th, and others say it's but 1 in 100. However this is, the Covetousness and Policy of the Turks hinders the Rich from contributing their Proportions. Covetousness will not permit that they part with much of their Wealth, and Policy makes them think it's not safe to make it known how rich they are, by an exact Proportion to their Wealth. Ricaut of the Ottoman Empire.

Zacatecas, or Los Zacatecas, a Province of New Spain in Northern America, between New Biscay and New Galicia. Its Name is deriv'd from the People that inhabit it. Its fine Towns are, Los Zacatecas, Durango, Nombre de Dios, Ellerena, and Xerez de la Frontera.

Zacharie, or Zechariah, one of the 12 Lesser Prophets, was Son of Barachiah. He began to Prophesie about the Year of the World 3533, which was the second of Darius his Reign. He exhorted the People to re-establish the Temple of Solomon, and follow God's Commandments.

Zacharie, Zechariah, sovereign Pontiff, Son of Jehoiada, who was also High-Priest and in that Quality, establish'd Joash Son of Achazas, but 7 Years of Age, upon the Throne of Juda, after he had Anointed him privately. Zacharie succeeded his Father in his Place and Zeal for God's Glory. Finding Joash, with all his Court, abandon himself to the Worship of Idols, he gave him that sharp Reprimand mention'd in Scripture: Whereupon, the Prince forgetting his Obligations to Jehoiada, got Zacharie ston'd to Death in the Porch of the Temple.

Zacharie (Pope) a Greek by Nation, was chosen after Gregory III. in 741. He persuaded Rachis, King of the Lombards, to Abdicate his Crown, and to retire into a Monastery; and being consulted about conferring the Crown of France upon Pepin, pronounc'd in his Favour. He died in 752. Onuphr. Baronius.

Zacharie, Patriarch of Jerusalem, succeeded Sophronius in 609. Chosroes King of Persia Took this Town in 614, and carried our Saviour's Cross away. The Patriarch was also led Captive into Persia, where he was kept until the Emperor H•raclius re-establish'd him upon his Throne after he had recover'd the Cross, and brought it back to Jerusalem. Baronius. Theophanes.

Zacharie, Zechariah, King of Israel, succeeded his Father: but being young, there was an Interregnum of about 11 or 12 Years. He began to Reign about the Year of the World 3262, but was kill'd 6 Months after by Sellum: A just Punishment for his many Vices and Impieties. Torniel. Salian.

Zacheus, a Publican or Farmer of the Taxes rais'd of the Jews; yet our Saviour did not disdain to dine at his House. Luc. xix.

Zacheus, an Heretick Monk, liv'd about the End of the 4th Age. He retir'd to a Mountain near Jerusalem, imagining no Prayers to be pleasing to God, but those made out of the Commerce of the World, and in private; and that Prayers in publick in Churches, &c. were of no Merit. He also pretended, tho in no Orders, that he had Power to say Mass. He died in these Errors. The Name of Zacheus was given to the Hereticks of the Sect of the Gnosticks. Baron. S. Epiphanius.

Zafi, a Sea Town of Africa, in Buccala a Province of the Kingdom of Morocco. It has a very convenient Port at the Mouth of Tensiste, which renders it a Place of the greatest Traffick of that Kingdom.

Zaflan, a Lake of Africa, in Upper Ethiopia, with a Town of this Name. It belonged formerly to the Emperors of Abissinia, but now the Galas possess it.

Zaga (Christ.) Prince of Ethiopia, and as some have believed, Son of Hasse Jacob King of the Abissinians, or of Ethiopia, vulgarly call'd Prester John. Jacob, after 7 Years peaceful Reign, resolv'd to exterminate the Christian Catholicks of his Country. Susneos his Cousin, a Pretender to the Crown, and a Favourer of Catholicks, laid hold on this Occasion to declare War against him. Jacob being Wounded in a Battel fought in 1628, died some Days after, leaving two Sons, Cosmu• and Zaga Christ, the first 18, and the other 16 Years of Age, who were then both in the Town of Aich in the Isle of Meroe, the Place where the Emperor's Children are, for the most part, bred up in. Nazerena, their Mother, not thinking them safe there, advised them to make their Escape quickly to some Prince, Friend to their Father, and sent them some Gold and Jewels to live on until Troubles were over. Prince Cosme took to the South, towards the Cape of Good Hope: Zaga Christ, accompany'd with about 500 Men, went Northwards, towards the Kingdom of Sanat his Patrimony, and passed through the Kingdom of Fundi, where a Pagan King, call'd Orbat Vasal, and Tributary to his Father, Reign'd. This King received Prince Zaga Christ very well, and offer'd him his Daughter in Marriage: But because she was a Pagan, he refused her: Whereat Orbat was so offended, that he seiz'd him, and sent an Express to acquaint Susneos therewith, who immediately sends a Company of his Guards for him, under the Command of a Venetian Gentleman call'd Lombarde, a Runagado, but a Christian in his Heart, who retarded the Execution of his Commission, and in the mean time acquainted Zaga Christ with his Errand by a Cophti Christian. Whereupon this Unfortunate Prince resolv'd to cross the Desarts of Arabia, follow'd only by 50 of his Train, whereof some perish'd in the Journey, and he had the ill Luck to be robb'd of part of his Baggage by an Arabian Prince. Being at last arriv'd at Cairo, the Cophtes receiv'd him very kindly, as being Prince of their Sect, and Son to an Emperor that lost his Life and Kingdom in the Defence of their Religion. The Bascha too sent for him to his Castle, and treated him there for several Days. After some Rest, this Prince, with 15 of his trustiest Servants, and 8 Recolets Missioners of the Kingdom of Egypt, set forward for Jerusalem, where he arriv'd in the beginning of Lent 1632. Having visited the Bascha, he retir'd to the Religious Abyssines, and in the Holy-Week was curious to assist at the Cophtis Ceremonies: But understanding by an Ethiopian Priest, that the Fire said to come down from Heaven on the Saturday of that Week, was struck in the Holy Sepulchre, he chang'd that Religion for the Roman Catholick; yet did not profess it publickly, because the Superior of the Recolets fearing it might draw the Cadi's and Bascha's Anger upon him and all bis Order, advis'd him to depart privately, that he might have the greater Liberty to execute what he designed. The Day being pitch'd upon, he went away in the Night, in Company of three of his Servants, and eight Fryars, arrived at Nazareth a little after Easter, and tarried until September, during which Time he learn'd to speak Italian, and some little French. The Pope hearing of the Adventure of this Prince, to be better satisfied sent to the Guardian of Jerusalem, to have him come to Rome. Being come thither, the Pope gave him a Palace to live in, and kept him almost two Years. The Duke of Crequy being Embassador at that time at Rome, persuaded this Prince to see France, and go to Paris; which he did in 1635, and died 3 Years after in Cardinal Richelieu's Pleasure House at Ruel near Paris, and was buried there with the Prince of Portugal. De Rowles.

Zagaya, a Mountain which the Ancients call Helicon, in Boetia, a Province of Great Achaia or Greece, near Mount Parnassus, whereof some think its part. It was at the Foot of this Mountain that the Fountains of Hippocrene and Aganippe had their Source: and it was there also, that Orpheus's Tomb was, in former Days. Poets made this the Moses Residence, adding, That such as drank of the Water of these Fountains were presently inspir'd by Apollo, who indues them with his Poetick Strain. Spon. l. 4. tom. 2.

Zagrab, or Agram, Lat. Zagrabia, an Episcopal Town of Sclavonia, in the Kingdom of Hungary, upon the Save. It's Capital of the County of Zagrail, well-peopled, and of great Strength; 45 Miles North of Vihitz, 15 West of Gradisca, and 11 from Cilly to the South-East.

Zagrus, now Adilbogia, a great Mountain of Asia, which parts Media from Assyria. Niger pretends, that it's also called Semiramis, and that this Name was given it, because Semiramis Queen of the Assyrians cut through it to pass into Media; and this Passage was for some time called Zagri Pyloe, that is, the Streights or Gates of Zagrus, as the narrow Passage of Mount Oeta, Thermopyles. Strab.

Zaire, a Lake of Africa, in Upper Ethiopia, which was formerly upon the Frontiers of the Empire of the Abyssines. The River Zaire runs out of this Lake, and some have thought it was the Source of the Nile. But Jerom Lobo, a Portuguese, who liv'd 12 Years in this Country, and has endeavour'd to discover this Truth, is not of their Opinion, as appears by his Treatise of the Sources of the Nile, and Upper Ethiopia, printed at Coimbro in 1660. Several think, that this Lake of Zaire is the same now called the Lake of Zambeze. Baud.

Zalderane, a great Plain of Media, upon the Frontiers of Armenia, beyond the Euphrates, pretty near Tauris; formerly the Residence of the Kings of Persia. It was in this Plain that Selim I. defeated the formidable Army of Sophi Ismael King of Persia, on the 26th of August 1514. Leunclav.

Zaleueus, Legislator of the Locriens a People of Italy, ordained, That all Adulterers should have their Eyes put out. His own Son happen'd to be the first that transgressed. The People sued very much to have him pardon'd; but Zaleucus was absolutely for putting the Law in Execution: yet willing to share the Pain, he put out his own Right and his Sons Left Eye; shewing thereby, that he was no less a good Father, than a just Law-Maker. This Example of rigorous Justice made such an Impression upon the People, that that Vice was not heard of during his Reign. People add, That he forbad Wine to the Sick, upon pain of Death, if not order'd 'em by their Physician; and that he was so jealous of the Laws he had establish'd, that he Ordained, That all who should propose an Innovation, should come with a Cord about their Neck, to be hang'd up immediately, if what they proposed, upon due Examination, was found worse than what they would mend. It's true, Diodorus of Sicily attributes the same Thing to Charondas Legislator of the Sybarites: But the one and the other might have done so, to perpetuate their Laws. Cicero de Leg. Diod. Sicul. Val. Max.

Zama, a Town of Africa, in Ancient Times Capital of the Kingdom of Juba. It's now Zamora in the Kingdom of Algiers, famous for the Battel which Hannibal lost against Scipio Africanus General of the Romans; as appears by an Inscription to be seen there still. It's called Colonia, Aelia, Hadriana Augusta, Zama Regia. Liv. Polyb. Plin. Strab.

Zama, a Fountain of Africa, in the Neighbourhood of the Town of Zama, which renders their Voices clear that drink of it.

Zamballat, or Giapalat, Soudan of Egypt, succeeded Mahomet. His ill Treatment of the Mammeluc's and Lords of his Court, made them form a Party against him, under Tomobeises, who was the chief Instrument of raising him to his great Dignity, and Besieg'd him in his Palace, Took, and put him in Prison, where he was Strangled by the same Tomobeises, who succeeded him. Pet. Mart.

Zambeze, or Zambere, a great River of Ethiopia, in Africa, which runs out of the Lake Zambere or Sachaf, upon the Frontiers of the Empire of Monomotapa and Abyssinia; and after it has receiv'd several Rivers into it, discharges it self into the Ethiopian Sea, upon the Confines of Zofala and Mozambique. It's divided into four Arms or Branches before it joyns the Sea, whereof the first is called Quilimane, the second Cuama, the third Luabo, and the fourth Luaho el Viejo. Between these Arms are spacious and fruitful Islands, having Mines of Gold; whereof the Portuguese possess the richest. Baud. Davity of Africa.

Zambri, King of Israel, kill'd Ela, and put himself upon the Throne in 3106. Eight Days after, Amri, chosen by the Army, came to Besiege him in Thersa; whereupon, he, for fear of falling into the Enemies Hands, burn'd himself and Family.

Zameis, or Ninyas, which some call the Young Ninus, Son of Ninus and Semiramis, made his Way to the Throne of Assyria in 2038, by the Death of his Mother. When he had perfectly establish'd his Authority, he left all the Care and Management to his Ministers, and led a voluptuous and idle Life amongst the Women in his Palace, appearing but very seldom in in publick. He died in 2076, after 38 Years Reign. All his Successors follow'd his effeminate Example to Sardanapaus Justin.

Zamolxis, Servant and Disciple of Pythagoras, a G•teah by Nation, accompanied his Master into Egypt; from whence, after he had learn'd the Customs of the Egyptians, he return'd home, and polish'd and civiliz'd his own Country, to the great Satisfaction of the Getes and Tartars, who Deify'd him after his Death, believing, that such as died went immediately to find him •o••▪ and used to make People draw Lots to go Embassadors to this God: They to whose Lot it fell to go, were thrown into the Air, and receiv'd upon the Tops of Halberts and other Arms. Herodotus.

Zamorin, a Name the Indians give to the King of Calicut, whose Kingdom is upon the Coast of Malabar, in the Peninsula on the other side of the Gulf of Bengala. The same Emperor was Soveraign in former Times of all the Coast of Malabar, from Goa to the Cape of Comory; but Sarami Perymal having embrac'd Mahometism to end his Life at Medina, divided the Kingdom into four; viz. Calicut, Cochin, Cananor, and Coulan; giving one to each of his nearest Relations; but ordering at the same time, that the other three Kings should own him of Calicut (to whom he gave the Name of Zamorin) their Soveraign. Since the Portugueses have establish'd themselves in that Country, the Zamorin has been so much weaken'd, that the King of Cochin is far more powerful than he at present. Mandeslo, tom. 2.

Zamoski (John) Great Chancellor of Poland, and General of the Army of that Kingdom. This famous General and great Minister of State, by his Heroick Qualities deserved the Titles of Defender of his Country, and Protector of Sciences. His Father Stanelas Chatelim, of Chelm a Town of Red Russia in Poland, gain'd himself also great Reputation by his Sword and Pen. He was sent Embassador into France for the Duke of Anjou, whom the Polanders had chosen King. But this Prince being recall'd to take Possession of the Kingdom of France, fallen to him, Stephen Bottori, Prince of Transylvania, was chosen King of Poland; who had so great a Consideration for Zamoski, that he married his Niece to him, made him Chancellor of the Kingdom, and first gave him the Command of 8000 Men in the War of Muscovy, and afterwards of all the Army of Poland. Zamoski behaved himself in all these Employments with much Courage, and had great Success, check'd John Basilides Great Duke of Muscovy's Arrogance, deliver'd Polesia, Volesia, and Livonia from his Yoke, and maintained a rude War against him; during which this remarkable Occurrence happened. Zamoski laid Siege with a powerful Army in the Depth of Winter to Pleskow a Town of Muscovy, the Rigour of the Weather prolonging the Siege, some Polish Gentlemen tir'd of lying idle in the Camp, took one Voinuski, a Man well versed in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, along with them, to Travel part of the Country: In one Place they found Cicero's Books of the Commonwealth, addressed to Atticus, and writ in Golden Letters: And six Days Journey thence, they found, in a pleasant Valley and near a fine Fountain, an old-fashion'd Tomb, cover'd part with Earth and Moss; and when they rubb'd these off, they found by some Characters cut in the Stone, that it was the Poet Ovid's. In 1586 Stephen Batorri, King of Poland, being dead after 10 Years Reign, the Polish Gentry that of a long time had admir'd Zamoski's Virtue, judg'd him worthy of the Crown: But he himself being against the Honour, he voted with the Archbishop of Gnesna for Sigismund Prince of Swedeland, whom he setled upon the Throne, notwithstanding the Archduke Maximilian's Endeavours to obstruct it. Zamoski was so great an Admirer of Learning, that besides the several Colleges he persuaded the King to establish, he himself Founded a fine University in a Town he built, and call'd it Zamoski. After he had Commanded the Armies of this powerful Kingdom 24 Years, he died in 1605, aged 63 Academie des Sciences.

Zamoski, a Town of Red Russia in Poland, in the Palatinate of Belze or Belzki, near a Lake of this Name. It has the Title of Principality, and was built by John Zamoski great Chancellor of Poland, in a fine Plain near the River Weper, and made a Place of Strength, as appeared by its Resistance against the Cossacks in 1651. Baud.

Zanchius (Jerom) Native of Bergamo according to some, according to others, of Azane a little Town 4 Leagues off Venice, being in the Convent of Luques, Peter Vermigli, call'd Martyr, the Prior thereof possest him, and many other of the Monks, with the Doctrin of the Protestants, which he professed at Strasbourg, where he succeeded Martyr then invited to England. Thence he went to teach at Chiavene to the Grisons; hence to Pale and Spire; at last he came to Heidelberg, where he died at 75 Years of Age.

Zancle, a Town of Sicily, formerly destroy'd by Anaxila Tyrant of Rhegio. Those of the Country pretend it was built by the Tyrant Zanclus; but Nicander maintains, that it owes its Etymology to Saturn's Sythe that was hid there. This Town was afterwards called Messina.

Zanquebar, a great Country of Africa, between the Coast of Ajan and the Cofres, in Lower Ethiopia. It comprehends several Kingdoms, whereof the chief are those of Lamon, Melinde, Mombaza, Mongalo, Mozambique, and Quiolo, whose Capitals have the same Names. The Portuguese are M•ster of Mozambique and Mombaza, and have other Fortresses. The Country is full of Forests and Marshes, that render the Air very unwholsome. The Inhabitants are Black, and have all curled Hair. They are Idolaters, much given to Divination and Witchcraft. Magin. in Geogn.

Zante, an Island of the Archipelago, towards Europe, formerly called Hytie, and afterwards Zacinthus. It has a Town of the same Name, which is a Bishop's See. The Fortress is upon the Top of a Mountain, well garrison'd by the Venetians. The Island is very well peopled, and produces great store of Wines, Corn, and Oyl. Zante is about 50 Miles in Circuit, and is divided into 3 Parts, the Mountain, Plain, &c. It has several Ports, whereof the most considerable is Chieri, capable of receiving all sorts of Ships. There are about 50 Villages, besides the chief Town that bears the Islands Name, and lies in the Northern Part: This may have between 20 and 25000 Inhabitants, and is a Bishops See. This and the Island of Cephalonie make but one Diocese, wherein are 50 Parishes of Greeks, with a great Number of Caloyers or Grecian Monks, who also have their own Prelate: Their Churches have each but one Altar, the Tribune turn'd towards the East, with flat Paintings; for they allow of no upright Images. The Jews have 3 Synagogues in it. Here happen in this Island frequent Earthquakes, accompanied with terrible Noise and nasty Fumes, that infects all the Air. There is but one River in the whole Island; whose Waters, by their Communication with the Sea, are brackish; but there is a very fine Spring below the Castle, near the Sea, which furnishes all the Ships bound to Constantinople, Alexandria, and other Eastern Places, with fresh Water. Mr. Wheeler saith, that this Island is not above 30 Miles in Circuit, but one of the most fruitful and pleasant he ever saw: Its very Curran Trade pays the charge of the Venetian Fleet. In the Monastery of Sancta Maria de la Croce, is the Tomb of M. T. Cicero and Terentia his Wife; and a Yard deep in the Ground, was found a Stone with two several Inscriptions, one for him, and the other for her; the first, M. T. Cicero ave; the second, & tu Terentia Antonia, &c. The Castle of Zante is built on the top of a very high steep Hill, very strong, and in Compass a large Mile and half; the Hill so rugged, that it will tire a Man to go up half the way: So that if the Garrison be well provided with Necessaries for Defence, it may defie the Forces of any Prince on Earth.

Zara, Lat. Jadera, a Town and Port, Capital of Dalmatia, and an Archbishop's See, belonging to the Venetians, environ'd by the Sea, being joyn'd to Land only by a Draw-Bridge: Besides this, it's Defended with 6 strong Bastions. Ladislaus King of Naples, who also took the Quality of King of Hungary, sold it, with the depending Islands, to the Venetians in 1409, to whom it belong'd before; for they, being assisted by Baudouni Count of Flanders, and other Princes that were going to the Conquest of the Holy Land, after Saladin's Death, made th•mselves Masters of it in 1200. Histoire des Jean de Jerusalem.

Zarmigethusa, formerly Capital of the Dacii under their King Decebalus. It's call'd Ulpia Trajana in an ancient Inscription which relates to Trajan who Conquer'd the Dacii: In another Inscription, it's called Colonia Ulpia, Trajana Augusta, Dacia Zarmis. Now it's called, Veczel, or Venecz, or Vathel; and in the Sclavonian Tongue, Gradisch, Borough of Transilvania.

Zarnata, a Town of Tzaconie or Braccio di Maina, in Morea; situate upon a very pleasant Height. Its Figure is almost Circular; and it's a Post, where it seems Art and Nature have omitted nothing to make it considerable. The Venetians attack'd it in 1685; the Captain Bassa had a considerable Army, and was but 5 Miles off it, yet durst not venture to its Relief. Upon his Retreat the Garrison surrender'd to Morosini, and according to the Capitulation, march'd out 600 Men, who were conducted to the Place agreed upon: but the Aga, fearing the Loss of his Head, came to Venice. Morosini left a Garrison in the Place, of 250 Men, under Colonel Prastini. P. Cornelli.

Zarmar, a little, but well-fortified Town, in the Mountains of Ʋpper Hungary, upon the Frontiers of Transilvania. It's Capital of a Country, lately erected into a County, and belongs to the Emperor; but Tekeli made himself Master of it in 1680. Baud. du Val.

Zator, a Town of Little Poland, in the Palatinate of Crocovia, upon the Vistula, between the Town of Cracovia and Province of Silesia. Its Situation is by so much the more remarkable, that it's upon the Confluence of the Skauda and Vistula. The Country that joyns it is call'd the Dutchy of Zator.

Zatus, Duke of the Lazes, a People of Persia, went to the Emperor Justin at Constantinople about the Year 520, and crav'd the Title and Quality of King, with Baptism. The Emperor receiv'd him very honorably, got him Baptised, and gave him the Royal Crown and Cloak. Zatus, when return'd into his own Country, establish'd the Christian Religion, and Preached the Gospel to his Subjects, who all, after his Example, embraced the Christian Faith. Zonaras.

Zayolha, the Name of one of the Hordes of Tartaria Deserta. Horde signifies a Company of Tartars, that shift Places for the Conveniency of Pasture. The Horde of Zayolha is in the Neighbourhood of the River Obi, towards the Northern Ocean or Sea of Tartary.

Zea, an Island of the Archipelago, towards Europe. It was formerly called Ceor or Cia. Its Northern and Southern Coasts have great Mountains, but the Country between both lies all in fine Plains. It has a very safe Port to the West, with several Fountains, whereof one is said to turn their Brains that drink of it; but they soon come to themselves again. It had formerly 4 Towns, whence came its Name Tetrapolis. It is the Birthplace of the Poet Simonides and of the famous Physician Erasistratus. As the Country was barren, there was a Law that order'd all of 60 or above 60 Years of Age, to feed upon Fish, because their too long Life seem'd to deprive younger People, that were necessary to their Country, of their Food. the Town of Zea lies in the middle of the Island, and is a Place of great Traffick for Silks and excellent Wines. Boschini.

Zeb, a Country of Africa, in Biledulgerid, with a Town of this Name: it's call'd in Latin Zebum and Zebes.

* Zegu or Cebu, an Island of the Indian Sea, in the middle of the Philippines: the Spaniards call it Isla des los Pintados, because when it was discovered, the Inhabitants painted their Faces with several Colours. They built the Town of Jesus upon the Western Coast, and it was there Ferdinand Magellan contracted Friendship with the King of the Island, whom he receiv'd into the Protection of the King of Castile, and made War for him against the King of Matan, in which he was kill'd in 1520.

Zedamet begun the Empire of the Cherifs, who made th•mselves Masters insensibly of the Kingdoms of Morocco, Eez, Taffilet, &c. He retir'd first into a Desart, to lead a solitary Life; saying, He was descended of the False Prophet Mahomet; and to raise himself still higher, began a War against the Portugueses and other Christians, animating his 2 Sons with this shew of his Zeal. He compassed his Design by Force and Hypocrisie, and setled himself so well, that the Succession fell to his Heirs under the Title of Cherif, that signifies Wise Personages. Leo Africanus.

Zeiam, Prince of Mequinezia in Africa, being banish'd his Country by Mahumet King of Fez his Cousin, came to the Town of Azamor in the Kingdom of Morocco, upon the Coasts of Africa, towards the Atlantick Sea: but not meeting with the Reception he expected here, he fled to Portugal, and persuaded the King to undertake the Conquest of Azamor. The King sent an Army under the Command of John Meneses; which appearing before the Town, Zeiam, instead of assisting Meneses, as he promised the King, reconciled himself with the Azamoriens, and sallied out with them upon the Portugueses, but had the Confusion of being worsted, and losing 14000 Azamorians upon the Spot. Bibl. Hist.

Zela, or Ziela, a little Place in Cappadocia, formerly a Bishoprick under the Metropolis of Amasia. It was here Caesar defeated Pharnaces King of Pontus, when this Prince made an Incursion into Cappadocia. It's of this Victory that Caesar wrote thus to the Senate, Veni, Vidi, Vici.

Zeland, one of the United Provinces, with the Title of a County. Its Name was deriv'd from the Dutch Word Zeelandt, that signifies Land of Sea. It consists of 15 or 16 Little Islands, whereof the chief are Walcheren, Duyvelandt, Bevelandt, Schouten, &c. The Towns are Middlebourg, Flushing, Veere, Tolen, Goel, &c. This Country lies between Holland, Flanders, Brabant, and the German Sea. There have been 8 wall'd Towns, and 102 Villages, much diminished by several Inundations, especially by those of 1304 and 1509. Zeland makes one of the Seven Provinces of Holland, and has two Officers or Governours called Rentmeestre. The Inhabitants are great Traders, and fish much.

Zelande, a new Part of the Southern Land discover'd by the Hollanders in 1654. But it's not yet known whether it be an Island or Continent.

Zell, a Town of the Dutchy of Lunenburg in Lower Saxony in Germany, Capital of the Dutchy, and the Residence of the Dukes of the same Name, who are Dukes of Brunswick too. It has a fine and well-furnish'd Citadel, and lies upon the River Aller, 6 Leagues from Brunswick, and 5 from Newstadt.

Zell in Hammerspach, or Zell-am-Hammerspach, an Imperial Town of Germany, in Suabia, under the Protection of the House of Austria, 5 Miles from Stutgard to the West.

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Zelots, a Faction of wicked People, that appear'd when the Emperor Titus warr'd against the Jews. After they had robb'd and plunder'd the Country, they fell upon Jerusalem, where they committed unheard-of Cruelties and Impieties; which obliged the High-Priest Ananus to make a Speech to the People, to excite them to take Arms against these Villains, who turn'd the Temple into a Citadel, and made it the Seat of their Tyranny, and had assum'd the Name of Zelots, to make believe, that what they did was out of Zeal for the Glory of God, whilst at the same time they profan'd the most sacred things, and cast Lots for a High-Priest of their own. The People, mov'd with Anánus's strong Reasons, took Arms, to beat these Zelots away: The Engagement was Bloody, wherein the Zelots were forced from the outward Court; and being closely Besieg'd in the innermost, the Idumeans came to their Assistance; and after they had defeated the Guard that lay before the Temple, joyn'd the Zelots, made themselves Masters of the Town, kill'd the High-Priest Ananus, and another Priest call'd Jesus. The Idumeans being retir'd, the Zelots continued their Violences, which made several Jews, to secure themselves from their Fury, to submit to the Romans. These seditious Knaves divided themselves into two Factions; of one whereof John Giscala was chief, and exercised his Tyranny in Jerusalem. Josephus.

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Zealous for the Mahometan Religion, yet he always had as great a Kindness as his Father shew'd Aversion to the Knights of that Island. Bajazet, whose Name signified Lightning or a Thunderbolt, (a Title his dull and unactive Spirit deserved but very little) car'd for nothing so little as War. Both these Brothers pretended to the Crown; Bajazet, as Mahomet's eldest Son, and Zizim because he was born after the Father was made Emperor, saying, Bajazet was Son to Mahomet when but a private Man: but for all this, his Party prov'd the weakest; for not having the Conveniency of the Sea, he was forc'd to take his way through Bithynia, where he received the Tidings of his Brother's Coronation: Yet this did not daunt him; for by long Marches he came to Pruse, the ancient Residence of the Ottoman Emperors, and then endeavour'd to gain some of the Great Men of the Port, and strengthned his Army dayly. Bajazet, lest he might make himself Master of Asia, sent Achmet with a very numerous Army against him, who march'd in such Diligence, that he soon encamp'd in a Plain not far off Pruse: Zizim hereupon took the Field, put himself at the Head of the Cavalry, gave the Bassa Battel, but lost it; so that he was forc'd to have Recourse to the Soudan of Egypt, the King of Cilicia, and Great Master of Rhodes for Succour. Caitbei, Soudan of Egypt, received him as a Great King, and treated his Wife and Children that follow'd him to Cairo, likewise: but his Mediation for an Accommodation lost Zizim time. The Great Caraman, whom Mahomet had dispossessed of the Kingdom of Cilicia, now called Caramania, sent him an Embassador with Promise of Succour: Whereupon Zizim leaves his Wife and Children at Cairo, and went to joyn the Caraman, to whom the Great Master of Rhodes sent 5 Galleys. These two Princes encamped near Larinda, a Town of Capp•docia, which Bajazet had no sooner notice of, but he marches at the Head of a hundred thousand Men, whilst Achmet advanced with his Army that had passed the Winter in Lycaonia. Things being thus, and the great Caraman thinking it Rashness to come to a Battel, Zizim challenged Bajazet to put an end to their Dispute, in fight of both Armies; but he instead of answering this, proposes to give Zizim what Province he would pitch upon, on the Frontiers of Turky, with two hundred thousand Crowns of Gold, and a Court becoming his Birth. Zizim finding this was but an Amusement, resolved to retire; and hearing he was pursued, he, with a few of his Retinue, got into the Desarts of Mount Taurus. The Caraman followed soon after with his Troops; and Zizim sent one of his trustiest Servants to the Great Master of Rhodes; but this Messenger being taken and carried before Bajazet, Zizim quitted Mount Taurus, and march'd on the side of Lycia towards the Sea, with the Great Caraman. They were hardly out of the narrow Passages of the Mountain, but their Troops were invested and cut in pieces by Achmet. This new Misfortune made him resolve to send two Embassadors to Rhodes: These by meer chance found a little Galley that belonged to the Knights upon that Coast, in which they embark'd. When they had delivered their Message, the Great Master call'd a Council, wherein they resolved to receive Zizim. Bajazet no sooner heard of his being at Rhodes, but he proposes a Peace with the Knights, who had sued for one at his coming to the Crown, and returned them all their Ships taken since the Truce by the Corsairs of Ly•ia. Zizim apprehending that his Brother sought Peace for no other end but his Destruction, resolved to seek Shelter elsewhere, and prest the Great Master for his Leave to go into France. Before he departed, he made several Acts in Favour of the Order, wherein he promised, if it did happen to be his Fortune to recover his Right, to restore all the Fortresses and Places taken by his Predecessors from them; and that he would ever maintain a constant Peace and inviolable Friendship with the Great Master of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem. Then he Embark'd in the great Ship of the Religion, with the Knight Blanchfort, and several others to guard him. Some time after Bajazet promised to live in Peace with Rhodes upon condition the Great Master would always keep Zizim under the Guard of his Knights, and hinder his falling into the Hands of any Christian or Infidel Prince, offering withal, to pay 25 thousand Ducats of Venice, every Year for his Pension. The Prince being arriv'd in France, and meeting but told Reception at Court, quitted it to go to the Commandery of Bourgneuf, a pleasant Place upon the Confines of Poitou and la Manche. Whilst he was here, the Kings of Hungary, Sicily, and Naples, desir'd the Great Master to let them have him; and at the same time the Soudan of Egypt solicited for him to head an Army against Bajazet: But the Great Master, with King Charles VIII. of France's Leave, thought it better to send him to Pope Innocent VIII. who also desir'd to have him. Being arrived at Civita Vecchia the 6th of March 1489, Leonard Cibo, the Pope's Cousin, receiv'd him, and made the Great Prior Blanchfort Governour of the Castle where he was to lodge. The Cardinal of Angiers, and Prince Francis Cibo, met him 12 Miles from Rome, where he enter'd in great State. The Pope that pretended to free the East from the Turkish Tyranny, promis'd himself great Matters from Sultan Zizim; but he died without seeing the effect of his Hope. His Successor Alexander VII. begun his Reign by confining the Prince in the Castle of St. Angolo, removing the Knights, and putting his own Nephews about him; all contrary to the Great Master's Agreement with Pope Innocent. But Alexander durst not refuse him to Charles VIII. of France, who came to Rome, and receiv'd Zizim by a solemn Act and in publick Ceremony, King Charles designing, when he had conquered the Kingdom of Naples, to undertake something against Greece, wherein he expected Zizim would be serviceable; but was much surpris'd, as were all other People, when this Prince being taken ill upon the Road, died in a few Days, no Body knew of what. Some said the Venetians, corrupted by the Turks, and alarm'd by this Expedition, got him poison'd, and several did not stick to say, that the Pope deliver'd him poison'd to King Charles; and there was a Talk, that he had received a great Sum from Bajazet to do it. Some think he died a Christian, and that he was Baptized during Pope Innocent VIII's Reign: But the Authors that writ most of him, say nothing of this Conversion. P. Bouhors Hist. d' Aubusson.

Znaim, or Znoimo, a Town of Germany, in Moravia. It was often Taken and Re-taken during the last Wars of Germany. The Swedes made themselves Masters of it in 1645. It stands near the Borders of Austria, 7 German Miles from Brune to the South, and 10 from Vienna to the South-West.

Zoare, Lat. Pisidon, a great Town of Africa, in Barbary, upon the Coasts of the Kingdom of Tripoli, with a good Port. In 1552 some of its Inhabitants that were Slaves at Maltha promised to lead the Christians thither secretly, if they had their Liberty given them. This being agreed to, the Prior of Capoua set Sail with 16 Ships and 300 Knights. Being Landed, they Assaulted the Town according to the Measures taken before, and made themselves Masters of it; the Inhabitants, who expected no such thing, being in no Condition to make their Defence. Boissat.

Zocotara, or Socotar, an Island of the Indian Sea, towards the Mouth of the Streights of Babelmandel. It was known by the Ancients under the Name of Dioscoride or Dioscurcas, but not known who discover'd it. A Portuguese, called Edward Zeme, found it out in 1507. Its high Rocks are seen a-far off: The Coasts are so dangerous, that Ships dare not venture near them unless they have a Pilot from the Island. The Air is naturally hot, but much temper'd by Breezes from the Sea. The Land is hilly, dry, and barren, only some Valleys, which feed a great Number of Cattel. Fruit, especially Dates, grow here in abundance. Frankincense is very common, and the Aloes so very good, that the Druggists always call their best, Succotrin, gathered in July, and the Juice expos'd in Brass Pots to the Sun in August. The Inhabitants came thither from Arabia, as appears by the Conformity of their Language, Garb, and Customs. Their Commerce is all in Dates. They are Warlike, naturally Treacherous, but disguise it in their Dealings with Strangers. Their Religion is Mahometan, and they suffer no other. They are under a King who is Tributary to the Cherif of Mecca.

Zoe, Daughter of Constantine the Young, was married to the Emperor Romanus III. surnam'd Argyropgile, whom she got strangled in the Bath to marry Michael Paphlagon, a Goldsmith, with whom she had fallen in Love. This fair-fac'd Goldsmith left all the Government to his Brother John, who managed his Weakness so well, that he persuaded him to turn Monk, and then cloister'd the unchaste Zoe. Cedren. Zonar.

Zofala, or Sofala, a Kingdom of Cafrana, in Africa, upon the Coast of the Ethiopian Sea, towards Zanguebar, between the Arms of the River Zambere, which forms several Islands there. It belongs to the Portuguese, who built a considerable Fortress in it in 1560. This Fort is of great Advantage to them, both by reason of their Commerce in the Indies, and that it secures their Trade with the Cafres, who bring them Ivory, Ambergrease, Gold and Slaves, in Exchange for Silks, Cloth, &c. Here is generally a Portugal Factor that keeps People at Work in the Mines of Manica and Buro, towards the South, where they draw a great Quantity of Gold. The Fort depends on the Government of Mozambique, though it's thought to be 120 Leagues off it. The King of Sofala is tributary to the Portuguese. Daviti.

Zofiagen, a Town of Argaw in Swisserland, in the Canton of Bern. It's ancient, as appears by its Privilege to Coin from the Emperor Charles the Burley. It has had several other Privileges since his Time, and kept them, though it put it self under the Emperor Rodolphus I.'s Protection in 1285; but his Son Albert besieging it in 1295, brought it quite under his Obedience. It was burn'd all to one House in 1396; and after it was rebuilt, received new Privileges from the Princes of the House of Austria. In 1415 the Town and whole Country of Argaw became subject to the Canton of Bern, but still preserves its Privileges. It embraced the Reformation in 1528. Stumpf. Jos. Simler.

Zoile, a Rhetorician, lived in Ptolomy Philadelphus's Time. To establish his Reputation, he begun to criticize on Homer, Plato, and Isocrates; which makes his Name to be given to all injurious Censurers.

Zolnoch, Lat. Zolnochium, a City of Upper Hungary, situate upon the Tibiscus, Capital of a County of its own Name, 40 German Miles from Waraden to the West, and 60 East from Buda: taken by the Turks in 1552, and retaken by the Imperialists in October 1685.

Zonaras (John) a Greek Historian, liv'd in the 12th Age, about 1120. He had several considerable Employments at the Emperor of Constantinople's Court, and afterwards became Monk of St. Basil's Order. He composed Annals in three Volumes, translated out of Greek into Latin by Jerom Walfius, and Printed at Balo in 1557. The first Volume contains the Transactions of the Jews, from the Beginning of the World to the Taking of Jerusalem: The second treats of the Romans from the Foundation of their City to Constantine the Great: The third of what happened from this Emperor's Time to Alexis Comnenes's Death in 1118.

Zoalatrie, the Pagans Worship of Beasts, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 signifying a Beast, and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Divine Worship. This Superstition was very common amongst the Egyptians, and is so still amongst the Indians, by reason of their Belief of a Metempsychosis or Transfiguration of Souls into other Bodies, as the Egyptians held that Osiris Soul had pass'd into the Body of a Bull.

Zopyre, or Zopyrus, Son of Megabyzes, and one of Darius Son of Hystaspos and King of Persia his Courtiers, rendred himself famous by what he did to take Babylon, which Darius laid Siege to a long time; for observing the Obstinacy of the Besieged, he bethought him of a Stratagem to gain them, which succeeded. He cut his Nose and Ears, and in this condition presented himself to the Babylonians; who receiv'd him, in hopes he would revenge that Cruelty, which he pretended was exercis'd by Darius his Order. Thus receiv'd, he made 3 Sallies, as he had concerted with Darius. His Suc•ess in these, made the Babylonians give him the Command of the whole Town, which he presently delivers up to Darius, who had Besieg'd it in vain for 20 Months before. Herodot. Justin.

Zopyrus, a certain Physionomist, who was laugh'd at by all People because he said that Socrates was a Debauch'd Man: but Socrates said he was in the right; adding that his Inclinations were naturally bent that way, and would make him very wicked did not the Study of Philosophy correct his Nature.

Zoroanda, a Place of Mount Taurus, upon the Confines of Armenia and Mesopotamia, or Diarbek. It's in this Place that the Tygris hides it self under Ground, as the Guadiana in Spain, and shews it self afterwards some Leagues from thence.

Zoroastre, a famous Astrologer, who by his Predictions got himself the Empire of the Bactriens in Ninus King of the Assyrians time. When he was Gonquer'd by Semiramis, it's said he wish'd to be consum'd by the Fire of Heaven, and that he advised the Assyrians to keep his Ashes carefully, for that their preservation should prove the Mark of the Duration of their Empire. The People receiv'd this Advice as an Oracle; and Zoroastre being consumed with Lightning, they took great care of his Ashes, which they preserv'd until the Destruction of their Empire. Tho. Stanl.

Zorobabel, of the Family of the Kings of Juda, was Son of Salathiel, after the Captivity of the Jews. He was the chief of those that returned into Judea, under Cyrus, and began to rebuild the Temple. The Samaritans hinder'd this Work, so that it was not finish'd until Darius Hystaspes's Reign, who knew Zorobabel, and gave him what he pleas'd to desire to carry on the Work; which was finish'd 40 Years after, and dedicated solemnly about A. M. 3540. It's not known when Zorobabel died, but he is different from another of the Name, Son of Phadaia. Joseph. Torniel.

Zoroys, Wife of Mahomet Boabdelin, the last Moorish King of Grenade, seeing her Husband and the chief Officers of his Court make great moan as their Eyes were put out by Ferdinand of Arragon's Order, said, Weep like Women, since you would not fight like Men.

Zosimus (Pope) a Greek by Nation, succeeded Innocent I. in 417. Celestius, Heretick, and Companion of Pelagius, made him relish his Doctrin; so that he approved one of his Books, and received him as Orthodox: but being afterwards disabused by the Bishops of Africa, he condemned these two Hereticks. He died the 26th of December 218.

Zosimus, a Greek Historian that lived in Theodosius the Young's Time. He writ a History of the Emperor's, in 6 Books. He goes not beyond the time of the second Siege of Rome by Alaric. This Historian was so great an Enemy to Christians, that he is never just to the Princes that favour'd them; and amongst the rest, is very hard upon Constantine the Great. Leunclavius endeavours to excuse him in his Apology he publish'd for him, with the Translation of his History.

Zoster, a Town and Promontary of Attica, between the Port of Pireum now Il Porto Lione and the Isle Zea. Mythologists pretend that it was here Latona first untied her Girdle, a Ceremony used amongst the Ancients, before the Consummation of Marriage; and that it was hence the Town had this Name: However, the Place was so much given to the Superstitions of this Goddess, that the Inhabitants offer'd Fish yearly to her and Diana. Cic. Strab.

Zormonde, a Hungarian, that signaliz'd himself when Henry III. laid Siege to the Town of Presbourg to revenge the Death of Peter Allemand King of Hungary, who had his Eyes put out by Andrew in 1046. He came out of the Town in the Night-time, swam to the Emperor's Vessels, and bor'd them so cunningly, that they were observ'd to sink at Break of Day, which occasioned the Raising of the Siege. Bonsine.

Zotypus, the Citizen of Argos that cut Pyrrhus King of Epirus his Head off, when he was struck dead with a Stone at the Foot of the Walls of that City. It's said the Argien, when he pull'd off his Head-piece, was so frightned at the very Sight of his Majestick and Commanding Face, that if he had not expected a great Reward for the Action, he could never have had Courage enough to go through with it.

Zucchero (Frederic) Native of the Dutchy of Urbin in Italy, Brother to Thadaeus, under whom he learn'd to paint, and after his Death finish'd what he had begun at Rome; then came to Florence, to put an End to what Vasari had left imperfect. Pope Gregory XIII. sent for him hence back to Rome; where, upon some Difference with his Holiness's Officers, he made a Piece, wherein he represented Calumny, and drew those to the Life, with Asses Ears, that had offended him: And having hung this at St. Luke's Church Door, on that Saint's Feast-Day, he left the Town to shun the Pope's Anger, came into France, went thence to Flanders, afterwards to Holland; hence to England, where he drew Queen Elizabeth's Picture; returned into Italy, and was pardoned by the Pope. In Sixtus V.'s time Philip II. King of Spain sent for him to paint the Escurial. At his Return to Rome, he labour'd for the perfect Establishment of the Academy of Painters, putting Pope Gregory XIII's Brief in its full Execution. He himself was the first that was chosen Prince of the Academy. He built a very fine House, where they met; and having laid out his Money on this Work, went to Venice to print the Books he had composed of Painting. He died at Ancona in the 66th Year of his Age. Besides Painting, he Carv'd very well, and understood Architecture. F•libien.

Zuccora, a Borough and Castle of the Island Piscopia in the Archipelago, towards Asia. There is a Brook of fresh Water in all Seasons; and the Inhabitants affirm, that here are many good Mines, but that they dare not work in 'em, lest the Turks hearing thereof, should deprive 'em of both them and the Island.

Zuendibold, King of the Sclavonians of Moravia, and Duke of Bohemia, a very vertuous Prince, who preferr'd an Hermitage where he died, to his Kingdom; which he left to his two Sons Moemarus and Suatebogus, who were soon driven out of it by the Hungarians. Regino. Aventin.

Zug, Lat. Tugium, a Borough, and one of the 13 Swisser-Cantons, lies between Zurich towards the North, Schwits to the East, and South, and Lucerne towards the West. It enter'd into the Alliance in 1352, 44 Years after that Schwitz, Uri, and Underwald withdrew themselves from Albert Archduke of Austria. The City stands a Mile from the Lake of Lucerne to the East, and is all Popish.

Zuickaw, a Town of Misnia in Germany, and in the Country of Voiglandt, at the Foot of the Vandalique Mountains or Wenderberg, and almost at the Source of the River Main. This being the Seat of Charlemagne's War against the Sclavonians, the Town was much spoil'd. Henry the Fowler re-establish'd it afterwards. It now belongs to the Elector of Saxony.

Zuinglius (Ulricus) the famous Reformer of Swisserland, was of good Parentage, and born at Wildhaus An. 1484. He began first to Preach in 1519 at Zurich, much about the time when Luther began his Reformation in Saxony, and preach'd against Samson a Franciscan, sent thither with Indulgences, as Luther preach'd against Teccelius on that same Account. He was assisted by Hugh Bishop of Constance, and in 1525 publish'd his Book De vera & falsae Religione, which was dedicated and presented to Francis I. of France; and therein he confuted Transubstantiation. The same Year the Mass was abolish'd, and the Reformation setled at Zurich. He was successful against the Enthusiasts called Anabaptists in his time, and was killed in Battel against the Popish Cantons in 1531, aged 48, his last Words being, Tho they kill the Body, they cannot kill the Soul. The Papists endeavoured to burn his Body, but could not effect it tho they put it in the Fire. Thuan.

Zulch, or Zulpich, Lat. Tolbiacum, a Town of the Circle of Westphalia in the Dutchy of Juliers, 10 Miles from Cologne. It's the same that was formerly called Tolbiac, famous for the Victory won there in 496 by Clovis, because it occasion'd his Conversion.

Zulcimin, otherwise called Soliman, an Arabian, made himself Master of Persia in 754; and after his great Victory cut off Marvan and all the Royal Family. He renew'd Ali's Sect, and took the Title of Amirel Mocelemin, that is, Emperor of the Children of Salvation. Marmol.

Zulfa, a Town of Armenia or Turcomania, upon the River Arass, situate between two Mountains where this River runs. Cha-Abbas, to save the Charges of defending it against the Turks, demolished it, with its fine Stone Bridge. The Inhabitants were carried to Jopaham, where that Prince gave them a Suburb now called Zulfa, in memory of this Town. Cogia Nazar, one of the chief Armenians that came from Zulfa, got so much Credit with Cha-Abbas and Cha-Sefi his Successor, that they made him Kelanter, that is, Chief Judge of the Armenian Nation; he grew so rich, that he built 2 Carvánseras one on each side of the River that Zulfa was built upon. This Colony of Armenians are most of them Merchants and Silk-Weavers, who being Christians, suffer no Mahometans among them: Their Houses are better built than any of the Persians: They have the Privilege of inheriting Lands, and are favour'd more than their Fellow-Subjects.

Zunchin, Emperor of China, Brother to Tienki, and his Successor in 1628, to remedy the Division of the Great ones of Court which had begun in Tienki's Reign, he put the Eunuch Guco, with several of his Faction, whose Power he stood in fear of, to Death. This render'd him odious to the principal Eunuchs and Mandarins, who then began to keep Correspondence with the Rebels, and manag'd Things so well, that Licungz their Chief became Master of Pekin, where Zunchin was in his Palace; who finding he was not able to resist their Power, wrote a Letter with his own Blood, instead of Ink to Licungz, desiring him to take Compassion of his People. Then he cut his Daughters Head off, that was of Age to be Married, lest Licungz should violate her; and getting into the Garden, hanged himself with his Garters. This happen'd in 1644. He is the last of Thamin's Family. His Wife, with some of the Courtiers that were faithful to him, follow'd his Example.

Zurich, a Town and Canton in Swisserland, Head of the 13 Confederates. The Town, in Latin Tugurium, is very ancient, for the Inhabitants join'd the Cimbrians when defeated by Marius. Charlemagne afterwards built the great Church, wherein his Statue is still to be seen. The Canton of Zurich is very populous and rich: It's also considerable for its Bigness. Caesar speaks often of Zurich in his Commentaries. It's divided into two Parts by the River Limat, and stands between Schafhouse to the North, and Lucerne to the South, 25 Miles from each, 11 from the Rhine, and 45 from Solcurre. Caesar subjected it to the Romans. It was burnt by the Germans A. C. 300; and Re-built afterwards by Dioclesian. The Canton of Zurich is bounded by Berne and Lucerne to the West, Schafhouse to the North, Zug and Schwitz to the South, and Appenzel to the East. It consists of none but Protestants.

Zucicher Zee, Lat. Lacus Tigurinus, a Lake in the Canton of Zurich, 25 Miles long from East to West, and 5 broad.

Zurzach, a Borough of Swisserland, upon the Rhine, in the Bailywick of Baden and Diocese of Constance, famous for its two yearly Fairs, where there come not only a great many Swiss and German Merchants; but also many from France. There is also a rich Abby of Benedictins, founded by the Kings of France of the second Race; who were call'd Carlovingiens, and gave it to the Bishop of Constance in 1251.

Zuski, or Basili Zutki Knez, that is, a Lord of the Court of Muscovy, discovering the Impostor Griska's Cheat, who had usurped the Title of Great Duke, acquainted the other Lords therewith, and altogether conspir'd this false Demetrius's Death. The Plot was discover'd, and Zuski condemned to dye; but the Sentence was not executed; for he received his Pardon just as they made ready to carry him out. Yet for all this Danger, being still uneasie under Griska's Usurpation, he invited a great many of the Knez and Bojares to his House, and engaged them to shake off the Impostor's Yoke: So during the Ceremonies of his Marriage, knowing that he was drunk, and the Guards in no condition to make any great Resistance, he rung the Toc-fin or Town-Bell at Mid-night, and enter'd the Castle at the Head of the Conspirators; where, after they had killed the Polish Guards, they forc'd the Doors, and ran to the Great Duke's Chamber, who saved himself thence by leaping out at the Window; but being taken, Zuski shot him through the Head. This Enterprise having succeeded so well, the Lords and People chose Zuski Great Duke, and crown'd him the 1st of June 1606; which was no sooner done, but another disputes for it: He was called Knez Gregoti Scatopski, but took the name of Demetrius, giving out that he was the Great Duke, and had saved himself, whilst another taken for him was kill'd. There appear'd a third, that made use of the same Pretext. These Rumors caused much Disorder, which the Polanders fomented, to be reveng'd of the Affront they had received from the Moscovites in Zuski's Enterprise. The Success of the War that begun then was of very ill Consequence to the Muscovites; who imagining that all their Misfortunes were occasion'd through Zuski's unjust Domination, Depos'd and shut him up in a Cloister. In the mean time the Polanders still favoured the second Demetrius, and at last forced the first's Wife to own him for her Husband. At last the Muscovites, to put an End to their Disorders, chose for Great Duke Uladislaus, eldest Son of Sigismond King of Poland, who consented upon condition Zuski were put into his Hand•, which was done in 1610; and Zuski died the Year after at Smolensko in Poland. Olearius Voyage de Moscovie.

Surphen, a Town and County between Overysseb, Westphalia, Gueldres, and Cleves. The Town of Zutphen is situate upon the Yssel. It's strong by Nature, having the Yssel on one side and the Berkel, whereof a Branch fills its Ditch, and runs through it, on the other. The others are Doesbourg, Doetceum, Lochem, &c. It was taken by the Duke of Orleans in 1672; and the French having demolished the Fortifications, quitted it two Years after. The Dutch took it from the Spaniards in 1586, when Sir Philip Sidney was slain.

Zuyderzee, a Gulf of the Sea of Germany, between the County of Holland, the Lordship of Over-Yssel, and Frise: There is an Arm of this Gulf that reaches Amsterdam, where it forms a very convenient Port; but is so shallow towards the Texel, that great Ships must unload part of their Burthen, else there will not be Water enough for them. Bleau. Theat. Belg.

Zwol, Lat. Zuvolla, situate upon the River Aa not far from the Yssel, and 18 Miles from Deventer to the North; once an Imperial City and Hanse-Town, but now exempt. It was a Place of great Strength before it was dismantled by the French, who took it in 1672.

Zygaires, a River of Thrace, near the Town of Philippes, and upon the Confines of Macedony. Poets say, Pluto's Chariot, when he carried Proserpina away, broke near this River.

Zygantes, or Gyzantes, ancient People of Africa, that used to paint their Bodies with Vermillion, and liv'd on Hony and Swans.

FINIS.