Asia

Sources from old books

1635. Historia mundi: or Mercator's atlas. London. by Gerhard Mercator.

ASIA succeeds Africke in my division. This name was allotted it from the Nymph Asia (as Varro witnesseth) of whom and Iapetus Prometheus was borne: Others say it was so called either of Asius the sonne of Atys, or from Asius the Philosopher, who gave the Palladium of Troy to the custodie of the Citie, for which, that they might gratifie him, his whole dominions (which before was called Epirus) they called Asia. And from hence afterward, as from the more noble part, all the whole tract of Land began to bee called Asia. Moreover, as Lybia doth both signifie a third part of the World, and a part of this part: So it is observed, that Asia doth signifie both the whole Continent, and that part which is hem'd in with the Mountaine Taurus, wherein doe dwell the Lydians, the Carians, the Lycaonians, Paphlagonians, Ionians, Aeolians, and others; which part, for distinction sake, is commonly called Asia the Lesse: the Turkes call it Natolia. There is saith Varro, Lib. 4. an Asia which is distinguisht from Europe, in which is Syria: and there is an Asia which is called the former part of Asia, in which is Ionia, and our Province. But all Asia is called in the Holy Scriptures Semia. It is almost wholly situated in the Northerne part of the World from the Aequinoctiall Circle, to the 80^th degree of Northerne Latitude, except some Ilands pertaining to Asia, some whereof are stretched out beyond the Aequator Southward. Hence arises a great difference through all Asia, in the length of the artificiall dayes. For in the last Parallel, which is drawne not farre from the Aequinoctiall, the longest day is almost twelve houres. About the middle of Asia, the longest day is fifteene houres, and in the most Northerne Parallel their light continually endureth almost for foure whole Moneths in Summer. According to the Longitude, Asia is stretched forth from the Meridian of 52. degrees, even to the Meridian of 196. according to some: but if we follow the description of Mercator, the most Westerne Meridian thereof passeth through the 57^th degree neare to the furthest Westerne part of Asia the Lesse; and the most Easterne Meridian through the 178^th degree. On the North it hath the Scythian Sea, on the South the Indian, on the East the Easterne Sea, on the West the Bay of Arabia, or the red Sea; the Mediterranean and Euxine Seas. And as in the higher part it cleaveth to Europe, so in the Southerne part it is joyned to Africke by an Isthmus: yet Pliny and Strabo with some others doe stretch out Asia even to Nilus, and doe reckon all Egypt to Asia. In Asia the face of the skie is both pleasant and wholesome, the Aire milde and temperate. Yet all Asia doth not feele this temperatenesse: for the right hand and left hand parts thereof are exceeding hot and cold. The pleasantnesse of this Country is so great, that it became a Proverbe: All the Land is so renowned both for the fertilitie of the fields, the varietie of fruits, and large pasturing of cattell, and for the abundant plenty of those things which are exported, that it doth easily excell all other Countries. Here is wonderfull plenty of Fruits, Spices, and Mettalls. Hence we receive Balsam, sweet Canes, Frankincense, Myrrhe, Cassia, Cinnamon, Gariophylus, Pepper, Saffron, sweet Woods, Rozine, Muske, and all kinde of precious stones. Here we may behold many different sorts of living Creatures. For it bringeth forth a number of Elephants, Camells, and many other living Creatures both tame and wilde: we may here also admire the wits, riches, and power of the Inhabitants. Here Man was first created by God; here was the first Seat of the Church of God; here Artes were first invented; here were Lawes first made; here the Doctrine of the Gospell first granted to miserable mortall men, with the hope of Salvation through Jesus Christ the Sonne of God. Here the confusion of Languages was sent downe amongst men, in the destruction of the Tower of Babel. Here first Dominion over inferiours began. Here Nimrod began to raigne, of whom we reade in Genesis. But the first Monarchs of the whole Country of Asia were the Assyrians, the last whereof was Sardanapalus, a man given to wantonnesse, and effeminate softnesse, who being found by Arbactus amongst a crew of whores, and not long after being overcome by him in battaile, hee made a great fire, and cast himselfe and his riches thereinto. Afterward the Empire came to the Persians: Among whom Xerxes the sonne of Darius did maintaine a warre, begun by his father, five yeares against Greece, and he brought out of Asia into Europe an army of ten hundred thousand men, and passed them over a bridge which he built over Hellespont: he came also accompanied with ten hundred thousand ships, but with a vaine endeavour; for he that durst threaten God, insult over the Sea, put fetters upon Neptune, darken the Heavens, levell Mountains, and shake the whole World, was faine, his army being put to flight, to passe over the narrow Sea in a fisher-boate, the Bridge being broken by the tempests of Winter. Darius was the last Persian Emperour, whose being conquered & overcome by Alexander, made way to the Monarchie of the Macedonians, for Alexander did first translate it out of Asia into Europe. All Asia, according to the severall government thereof, may thus be divided. The first part is under the Turkes command, the originall whereof is from Mahomet, and is a large Territory. The Duke of Moscovia doth possesse a second part, enclosed with the frozen Sea, the River Oby, the Lake Kitaia, and a Line drawne thence to the Caspian Sea, and to the Isthmus which is betweene this Sea and Pontus. The Great Cham Emperour of Tartarie doth possesse the third part, whose borders on the South are, the Caspian Sea, the River Iaxartes, and the Mountaine Imaus; on the East and North the Ocean: on the West the Kingdome of Moscovia. The King of Persia, called the Sophie, hath the fourth. This hath on the West side the Turke; on the North the Tartarian, on the South it is washed with the Red Sea, but on the East with the River Indus. The fift part doth containe India, both on this side and beyond Ganges; which is not governed by one alone, but by many Rulers, for every Country thereof hath almost a severall Prince, some whereof are tributarie to the great Cham. The sixt part contayneth the large Kingdome of China. The seaventh containeth all the Islands scattered up and downe in the Indian and Easterne Sea. Among which are Tabrobana and Zetlan, the two Iava found out not long since by the Portugalls, Borneo, Celebes, Palohan, Mindanao, Gilolo, with the spice bearing Moluccoes, also Iapan, with Nova Guinea lastly found out; concerning which it is not yet known whether it be an Island, or joyned to the Southern Continent. But the Ancients, as Strabo and Arrianus, have made many divisions of it. Ptolomie doth divide it into 47. Countries and Provinces, the description whereof hee delivers in his fift, sixt, and seaventh Bookes of Geographic, and doth set them forth in twelve Tables. It hath three Cities famous through the whole World, Babylon, Ninivie, and Ierusalem. It hath great Lakes full of fish, and the Caspian Sea in manner of a Lake, which never commeth to the Ocean. Also many Rivers, among which the chiefest are Tigris, Euphrates, which Moses mentioneth in Genesis, Iordane, Indus, Ganges, &c. Here are also great and wonderfull Mountaines, among which is the Mountaine Taurus, which comming from the Easterne shoare, divides all Asia; on the right hand where it first riseth from the Indian Sea, it beareth Northwards: on the left hand, it is Southerne and bending toward the West, untill the Seas meet with it: as here the Phaenician, & the Ponticke. There the Caspian and Hyrcanian Seas, together with the Meoticke Lake; as if Nature on purpose had opposed it: But though this Mountaine bee shut as it were betweene these bounds, yet with many windings it runneth forth even as far as the neighbouring Cliffs of the Rhiphaean Mountains, being famous wheresoever it goeth; and knowne by many new names. At first it is called Imaus, and by and by Emodus, Paropanisius, Circius, Chambades, Pharphariades, Croates, Oreges, Oroandes, Niphates, and Taurus: where it doth as it were exceed it selfe Caucasus, where it spreadeth its armes as if it would embrace the Sea, Sarpedon, Coracesius, and Cragus, and againe Taurus. But where it openeth it selfe, it taketh its name from the Havens, which are sometimes called the Armenian, elsewhere the Caspian, and Cilician. The bredth of it in most places is three thousand furlongs, which is 5625. Italian miles: that is, from the Coast of Rhodes, even to the farthest bounds of China and Tartaria. But of these things enough. I passe now to the publicke workes, which have beene heretofore very stately and magnificent, and worthy to bee numbred among the seaven Miracles of the World. Amongst them the first were the walls of Babylon, which Semiramis built, or at least did repaire being ruinate, with brickes joyned and laid in a pitchy kind of mortar, they were two hundred foot high and fiftie broade, so that Chariots might meet thereon; they had three hundred Towers, and should have had more, but that in some parts the Marshes were insteed of walls. It is reported that for this so great a worke three hundred thousand workemen were employed. Herodotus reporteth, that the walls of Babylon were fiftie royall cubits thicke, and two hundred high, and round about there were placed in them a hundred brazen Gates. The second was the Temple of Diana of Ephesus, which was built by all Asia in two hundred and twenty yeares, as Histories doe testifie: And it was seated in a Moorish place, least it should be endangered by Earthquakes; And least they should place the foundation of so great a building upon unfirme ground, they strewed it over with coales trodden downe, and on it they laid fleeces of wooll. The length of the Temple was 425. feet, the breadth 220. The Pillars in it were an hundred and seaven and twenty, all made by severall Kings, of which 36. were carved: Ctesiphon was the overseer of the worke. There was also a Monument which Artemesia Queene of Caria did erect in memory of her deceased husband, which is to bee counted among the wonders of the World; it being 25. Cubits high, and compassed about with thirty Pillars: it was sixe and thirty foote wide Northward and Southward. Lastly, there was that magnificent Temple, which Salomon began to build in the fourth yeare of his raigne, not unfit to be reckoned with the seaven wonders of the World. First of all, thirty thousand men were set to cut trees, as Cedars and Cypresse in Lebanon: and there were fourescore thousand stone-cutters. The bredth of the Temple was twenty Cubits, the length sixtie, and the height an hundred and twenty. The matter of the nethermost building was of white stone: the largenesse of the Porch was ten Cubits, there were twenty secret chambers, passing one into another, and others placed under these. The beames were of Cedar, the roofes of Cedar guilded over, and the walls in like manner: The Sanctuary of the Holy place was distinguished from the body of the Temple with a wall, in which were carved gates, with drawing Curtaines enterwoven with many flowers and winding borders: besides two Cherubins of pure gold, the pavement under foot was beset with studdes of gold: the gates were twenty Cubits in height, and twelve in compasse. There was a brazen vessell of so great a bignesse, that it was fitly called the Sea; round about which stood twelve Calves, three together, and looking severally toward the foure corners of the World. This vessell did hold three thousand measures containing 72. Sextaries. There were also other figures, which it would be too long to rehearse. There was a brazen Altar of ten foot height, & double as much in length. Also one golden Table, and ten thousand golden Pots and Dishes, &c. But let these things suffice which have beene spoken of this part of the Word: I come now to America the fourth part of the World.

1638. The merchants mappe of commerce wherein by Lewes Roberts.

Of ASIA, and the Provinces thereof.

ASIA, The third division of the World, is separated from EVROPE by the Egean Propontis, and Euxine Sea, by Paulus Maeotis, Tanais, Duina, and from AFRICA by the red Sea, and the Egyptian •…stmus, as I remembred in the beginning of this Worke. Five notable things have made this Countrey famous, and have giuen it the garland of supremacie over all the other parts of the World. First, the Creation of Mankind: Secondly, the Birth of our Savi•…ur; his Miracles wrought, and place of his sufferance: Thirdly, the Actions memorized by the holy Pen-men of the Old and New Testament: Fourthly, the famous Monarchies of the Babylonians, Assirians, Persians, and Medes: And fifthly, being the common Mother of us all, from whence innumerable troupes of men issued to people the other parts of the unhabited World, of which see other Authors further at large.

The principall Regions of ASIA, are

• 1. Anatolia.
• 2. Syria.
• 3. Palestina.
• 4. Armenia.
• 5. Arabia.
• 6. Media.
• 7. Assiria.
• 8. Mesopotamia.
• 9. Chaldea.
• 10. Persia.
• 11. Parthia.
• 12. Tartaria.
• 13. China.
• 14. India.
• 15. The Ilands thereof.

And of these in briefe according to my first intention.

Of the Trade in generall of ASIA, as it is found at this day.

TO conclude then the Trade and Traffique of ASIA in generall; it is comprehended within a few principall Cities thereof: as first, in the Grand Signiors Dominions in Aleppo, Smyrna, Constantinople, Alexandria, Balsara, and Baruti, and Damasco: in Persia Dominions, in Sciras, Ormus, Casbin, Gilan, and Hispahan: and in India and these Coasts, at Goa, Mallacca, Siam, Pegu, Cochin, Calicut, Mesulapatan, and the Ilands of Iava, Iapan, Sumatra, Moluccos: in Tartaria, in Astracan, Capha, Sarmacand, and Cambalu, &c. The Turkish Nation affoords not many Merchants of note; yet some are found that from Constantinople doe drive a Trade by Sea to Venice, Cairo, Trapesond, Capha, and some few other places; and some againe that with Caravans by land drive a Trade from Aleppo, Damasco, and Aegypt, to the Red Sea, and to Mecha; but these I may more properly account Arabians then naturall Turkes, who in generall have beene esteemed in times past, and yet are more industrious and better vers'd in all manuall Arts, then in the mystery of Merchandizing; but now they have well neere lost that attribute, and wholly addict themselves by reason of their grand Signiors tyranny, to no further trade then what necessitie doth for the most part compell them, therefore not much worth here further consideration.

But those severall Nations inhabiting the large Coast of India, Persia, and these abovementioned Ilands, are found to bee more addicted thereto and of greater eminencie, and are found by their traffique and commerce to have raised to themselves Estates in these Countries equall to many of our European Dukes & greatest Earls,

wherof the Gusurets and Canarins, the frugall and proper inhabitants of India, are accounted the chiefest & principall, occasioned partly by their excellent subtilty in accounts and numbring, and partly by the late navigations and commerce of the Europeans, Arabians, and other remoter Nations amongst them, who bring them (for the most part) no other commoditie but plate and silver in Rials of 〈◊〉 which they there exchange for the rich commodities of India, as their Cloves, Maces, Nutmegs, Pepper, Diamonds, Emeralds, Rubies, Pearles, and such other, the precious Wares of these Countries.

The Persian Nation challenge also a large share in this Trade of ASIA, occasioned by their excellent and industrious fabriques, and their naturall plentie of raw silkes, which from them is aboundantly transported and spread over all the World, and their sumptuous adorning and curiositie of living, drawing to them by exchange, the riches and commodities of India and China and other places.

The Arabians, (as possessing a great part of ASIA) may not heere bee omitted, amongst which are found many eminent Merchants, not onely trading by Camels with Caravans from Turkey into Aegypt and other places, and into the Red Sea, but also from Aleppo to Babylon, Balsara, and so to the Persian gulph; and also by Sea, not onely on the Coast of Sindy, India, Cormandell, Siam, Pegu, and the Ilands aforesaid, where many Mahumetane Princes are found to beare rule; but also at Suachem, Melinda, Brava, and Quiloa, and many other parts and Ports of Africa

Neither amongst all these above-mentioned Nations, which are found in the generall to afford Merchants of eminencie and note, and to have a Countrey for a particular residence to themselves, and where their Princes doe beare Soveraignty, are the Nation of the Iewes to bee omitted or forgotten, who (though by the curse of the Almightie) are scattered and dispersed as it were over the face of the whole earth, and are permitted (with some limitations and restrictions) their abode in severall Countries, paying for their libertie, and freedome of residence and commerce, both great and large annuall contributions in sundry places; yet by their ingeniousnes in Trade, and their expertnes in Arts, and their subtilty in the valuation of Princes coines, and their skill in Accompts, they are found in all these afore-named Countries to bee both eminent and rich Merchants, trading as well by Land as by Sea through all these afore-named Countries, and by their craft and Art, raising to themselves eminence and great Estates thereby.

I should heere give a share of this ASIAN Trade to the Chinois, Tartarians, and other great Nations: but my ignorance herein doth silence me.

Therefore it shall content mee to have surveyed it in the generall, and to have left behind mee what observations I have beene able to collect of the Traffique, and Traders of those vast and large Territories and Countries, knowing that their strange Customes, and the manner of their Lawes and Government debarres all easie accesse into their Dominions, and what others must not dare to see, I must not dare to offer to recount.

To conclude then, having thus run over and surveyed the generall Commerce and Traffique of ASIA, I will now turne my selfe towards EVROPE, the last division of the World, and of this Worke, and as the best knowne to us, and the best reputed of Us.

1682. Cosmography and geography in two parts by Richard Blome

ASIA, as it is divided into

• Firm Land; whereof the principal Parts are,
  • TURKEY in ASIA, which comprehendeth the parts and chief places of
    • Anatolia,
      • Smyrna,
      • Ephesus,
      • Lampsaco.
      • Bursa,
      • Scutari,
      • Tripoli.
    • Sourie,
      • Aleppo,
      • Tripoli,
      • Damascus,
      • Sayd.
    • Diarbeck,
      • Caraemit,
      • Achanchive,
      • Samosat.
    • Turcomanie,
      • Erzerum,
      • Cars,
      • Majaferequin.
  • GEORGIE; which comprehendeth the parts and chief places of
    • Mingrelie,
      • Fazze,
      • Savatopoli.
    • Gurgistan, — Cori.
    • Zulrie,
      • Chipeche,
      • Stranu.
    • Little Turcomanie, — Derbent.
  • ARABIA; with its parts and chief places of
    • Arabia the Stony,
      • Busseret,
      • Moab.
    • Arabia the Desert, — Anna.
    • Arabia the Happy,
      • Medina,
      • Mecca,
      • Aden.
  • PERSIA; with its chief Provinces and places of
    • Servan, — Tauris.
    • Gilan, — Gilan.
    • Gorgian, — Gorgian,
    • Churdistan, — Choy.
    • Ayrack,
      • Hispahan,
      • Casbin.
    • Chorazan, — Kayen.
    • Chusistan, — Souster.
    • Fars, — Chiraef.
    • Kherman, — Giroft.
    • Sablestan, — Zarani.
  • INDIA, as it is divided into the
    • Empire of the GREAT MOGOL; wherein are comprehended divers Kingdoms, the chief of which are
      • Attock, — Attock.
      • Calul, — Cabul.
      • Lahor, — Lahor.
      • Delly, — Delly.
      • Agra, — Agra.
      • Malway, — Rantipore.
      • Guzurate, or Cambaya,
        • Surat,
        • Cambava.
      • Bengala, — Bengala.
      • Decan, — Goa.
    • Peninsula of INDIA without the Ganges, with its several Kingdoms, &c. the chief of which are,
      • Golconda, — Golconda.
      • Bisnagar,
        • Bisnagar,
        • Harsingue:
      • Malabar, — Calicut.
    • Peninsula of INDIA within the Ganges; with its Kingdoms and chief places of
      • Pegu,
        • Pegu,
        • Boldia.
      • Siam, — Banckock.
      • Malacca, — Malacca.
      • Cochinchina, — Pulocacein.
      • Tunquin, — Keccio.
  • CHINA; with its chief Provinces and Cities of
    • Pequin, — Pequin.
    • Nanquin, — Nanquin.
    • Scianton, — Xanton.
    • Quicheo, — Quicheo.
    • Canton, — Canton.
    • Chequian, — Chequian.
  • TARTARIA; with its five Parts, and chief places of
    • Tartaria Deserta, — Cumbalich.
    • Usbeck, — Jarcham.
    • Turchestan, — Chialis.
    • Cathay, — Cambalu.
    • True Tartaria, — Tartan.
• ISLES, to wit,
  • In the Ocean; as the
    • Isles of JAPON; as
      • Niphon, — Meaco.
      • Xicoco, — Sanuqui.
      • Ximo, — Bungo,
    • PHILLIPPINE Isles; as
      • Luson, — Luson.
      • Mindanao, — Mindanao.
    • Isles of MOLUCCO'S; as
      • Molucques, — Gamma.
      • Celebes, — Celebes.
      • Gilolo, — Gilolo.
    • Isles of SONDE; as
      • Sumatra,
        • Achem,
        • Aru.
      • Borneo, — Borneo.
      • Java,
        • Bantar•,
        • Jacatra.
    • Isles of LARRONS, or THEVES, — Deserte.
    • Isles of CEVLAN, — Colombo.
    • Isles of the MALDIVES, — Tilla don Matis.
  • In the Mediterranean Sea; as
    • In the LEVANT Sea; as
      • Cvprus, — Famagouste.
      • Rhodes, — Rhodes.
      • Scarpanto, — Scarpanto.
    • In the ARCHIPELAGO; as
      • Scio, — Scio.
      • Tenedo, — Metelin.
      • Samo, — Samo.
      • Nicaria, — Nicaria.
      • Lango, — Lango.
      • Stampalia, — Stampalia.

ASIA is one of the Tripartite division of our Continent; and if we consider the advantages which the Author of Nature hath given it, if the Actions which have passed in it both before and after the Flood; that the first Monarchies, and all Religions have here had their beginnings; that the chief Mysteries (both of the Old and New Law) have there been laid open; we may be induced to prefer in before all other parts, either of the one or other Continent.

And as of the two Continents ours is much the greater, the more noble, and most considerable; so is Asia among the three parts of our Continent, the Greatest, the most Oriental, the most Temperate, and the Richest.

Its Extent from West to East is from the 55th Meridian or degree of Longitude unto the 180, containing 125 degrees of Longitude, which are about 2500 of our common Leagues; and from South to North from the Equator to the 72 Parallel or degree of Latitude, which is 72 degrees of Latitude, and makes about 1800 of our Leagues. In this length and breadth we do not comprehend the Islands which belong to Asia, which are as great, as rich, and possibly as numerous, as all the rest of the Universe.

Its Scituation, for the most part, is between the Circular Tropick of Cancer, and the Circle of the Artick Pole scarce extending it self beyond this, but surpassing the other in divers of its Isles, which it expands under the Equator: so that almost all Asia is scituate in the Temperate Zone; what it hath under the Torrid, being either Peninsula's or Isles, which the Waters and Sea may easily refresh.

ASIA being the greatest, the best, and most temperate part of our Continent, it must by consequence be the richest; which not only appears in the goodness and excellencies of its Grains, Vines, Fruits, Herbs, &c. but likewise in its great quantities of Gold, Silver, Precious Stones, Spices, Drugs, and other Commodities and Rarities, which it sends forth and communicates to other parts, and particularly to Europe.

Amongst the three divisions of our Continent, Asia is that which hath the fairest advantage for its greatness, and for its scituation; being that Country which saw the Creation of the first Man, the making of the first Woman; which fed the first Patriarks, gave a place to the Terrestrial Paradise; that which received the Ark of Noah after the Flood; which was the Portion of Sem, the eldest Son of Noah, which built the Tower of Babel, which furnished the rest of the World with Inhabitants; which established the Monarchies of the Assyrians, Medes, Babylonians, and Persians; which formed the Arts and Sciences, Letters and Laws; which first and after the Law of Nature received Paganism, Judaism, Christianity, and Mahumetanism; which saw the Birth, Life, Death, and Resurrection of the Saviour of the World: And therefore for all these Reasons we ought to esteem Asia much above either Africa or Europe. But let us proceed to its Name, Bounds, and Divisions.

The Name of ASIA is derived diversly by sundry Authors, but whether it took its name from a Virgin-Woman, or a Philosopher; whether from some City, Country, or Marish, or from whatever it were, most certain it is, that that Name was first known to the Greeks, on that Coast opposite to them towards the East; afterwards it was given to that Region which extends to the Euphrates, and which is called Asia Minor, and was communicated to all the most Oriental Regions of our Continent.

Its Bounds are towards the North, with the Northern frozen, or Scythian Ocean, to wit, that which washes Tartary; on the East and South with the Oriental or Indian Ocean, the Parts of which are the Seas of China, India, and Arabia. Towards the West, Asia is separated from Africa by the Red-Sea, from the Streight of Babel-Mandel unto the Isthmus of Suez; and from Europe, by the Archipelago, by the Sea of Marmora, and by the Black-Sea; drawing a Line cross all these Seas, and passing by the Streight of Galipoli, or the Dardanelles; by the Streight of Constantinople, or Chanel of the Black-Sea, by the Streight of Caffa or Vospero; the Line continuing by the Sea of Zabaque, and by the Rivers of Don or Tana, of Volga and of Oby, where they are joyned the nearest one to another.

Asia may be divided into firm Land, and Islands; the firm Land comprehends the Kingdoms of Turkey in Asia, Arahia, Persia, India, China, and Tartary: We will follow this order, and then end with the Isles.

1685. Geographia universalis: the present state of the whole world by Pierre Duval.

This part of the World, which is called the Levant, by reason of its scituation on the East of Europe, and of Africa, is the greatest of the three, which compose our Continent. Its Length from the West to the East, is full two thousand, five hundred French Leagues from the Western parts of Natolia, to the most Eastern parts of China. If we include herein the Territories of Tartary, as far as the Channel of Piecko, and the Streight of Ʋries, which separate it from the Land of Jesso, this length would contain above thirty Degrees of Longitude more. The Breadth of Asia, without comprehending therein the Islands, is seventy two Degrees, which make above eighteen hundred of the forementioned Leagues, and all this in the Northern Temperate Zone, except some Peninsula's, which are in the Torrid Zone.

Several do believe that the Terrestrial Paradice was in Asia, and so that Adam was Created there. Asia was the Lot of Sem, the Eldest of Noah's Sons. God has wrought herein the principal Mysteries of the ancient and new Law, and therein Jesus Christ was born. 'Twas in Asia, that Man did first breath. From Asia came the Customs, Religions, Manners, Laws, and Learning, which after the Universal Deluge, spread themselves into other parts of the Earth. Asia is famous for the Monarchies of the Assyrians, Medes, Babylonians, Persians, and Califfs; for the Phoenician People, who first taught the Greeks, and other Nations, a good part of the Arts and Sciences.

The four principal Religions are followed there: The Jewish, the Mahometan, and Idolatrous, more than the Christian: Idolatry began there among the Assyrians; Judaism amongst the Hebrews; Christianity in the Holy Land; and Mahometism in Arabia.

Several Missions have been established there by Christian Princes, those of Turkey, under the Protection of France; those of the Indies, under the Protection of Portugal; those of the Philippines, under the Protection of Castile. There are four Archbishopricks, and seven Bishopricks, in the East-Indies, where likewise the Jesuits have three Provinces, that of Goa, that of Malabar, and that of Japan. Since the Peace of the Year 1659, France sent thither the Bishops of Heliopolis, Metellopolis, Berite, and Caesarea, with design of setling Christianity, and of carrying it as far as into China. They have made considerable progresses, notwithstanding the impositions of the Spaniards, who would have impos'd on the Bishop of Heliopolis, Intreagues of affairs of State, and made him take a turn round the World without his desiring it. Mahometism is receiv'd by the four principal Nations of Asia, by the Turks, Arabians, Persians, and Tartars. The Turks in matters of Religion, are the freest, the Arabians, the most superstitious, the Persians, the most rational, and the Tartars, the most simple. Some make up the number of seventy two Sects of them, which are commonly reduced to two, to that of the Turks, following the Doctrin of Homar, and to that of the Persians, according to the Doctrin of Hali. These last have their Patriarch at Ispahan; the Turks have theirs at Bagdad. The Greeks have theirs, who bear the names of Antioch, and Jerusalem. There be still other Schismaticks, Jacobites, who have their Patriarch at Caramit; Nestorians, Cophites, Georgiens; Syrians, who bear the name of their Chief, and not of Syria; And Armenians. These last have two Patriarcks, the one at Nassivan in Media, the other at Ciz in Cilicia. The Maronites have theirs at Canobin in Mount Libanus. The Papists boast of having brought over several to their Church, within a few years past.

Asia towards the West, is separated from Africa, by the Red Sea, and by the Isthmus of Sues: It is divided from Europe, by several Seas, and Streights, which I shall enumerate in the Article upon Europe. Towards the other Regions of the World, Asia is environ'd with the Ocean, known under the Name of Tartary, towards the North; under that of China, towards the East; and under that of the Indies, towards the South. Some have endeavoured to persuade us, that the Hollanders have of late traded into Japan, by the Sea of Tartary; if this be true, those people keep that Voyage very secret, and are much afraid that other Nations should have any knowledge thereof. The principal Seas within the Inland Country, are the Caspian, which now receives other Names from the Provinces, and Cities which are near it. It has salt Waters, tho' it has the Fish of Fresh Waters: This made the Ancients believe, in that it communicated with the Ocean, it may well communicate with some Sea, by the subterraneous Meatus: It receives several great Rivers, and nevertheless does not swell. The Sea El-Catif, is that of Persia. The Dead Sea is small in respect of others, yet it is famous by reason of the Holy Land, where it is; It has this name of the Dead Sea given it, because its Waters have no Motion.

The principal Rivers of Asia are, the Euphrates, Tigris, Indus, Ganges, Quiam, and Obi.

Caucasus, and Taurus, so celebrated by the Ancients, are the highest Mountains in this part of the World; The Inhabitants of the Country have them under other Names.

The Air, almost of all Asia, is found to be temperate. If we consider its Gold, Silver, precious Stones, Drugs, Spices, Silk, Stuffs; we must own, that it is the richest, as well as the most temperate, part of the World. The fishing for Pearls is in three principal places, at the Isle Baharem in the Persian Sea, the Island Manar upon the Coast of the Indus, and that of Ainan near China. Amongst the Products of Asia, they esteem the Diamonds of Golconda and Narsin•a, the Pepper and Ginger of Malabar, the Stuffs of Bengala, the Rubies and Lacca of Pegu, the Dainties and Knacks of China; the Cinnamon of Ceilan, the Gold of Sumatra, the Camphire of Borneo, the Cloves of the Molucco's, the Nutmegs of Banda, the Sanders of Timor.

Four of the seven Wonders of the World, were in Asia; the Temple of Diana at Ephesus, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Walls of Babylon, the Colossus at Rhodes; the Statue of Jupiter Olympicus, was in Europe, the Pharos, and the Pyramids, in Africa.

The Asiaticks have ever been a people addicted to pleasures, except some Tartars, who by their incursions incommode their Neighbours continually; they love fish more than flesh, wherefore Priests, in their Fasts and Lents, eat only flesh.

Asia is under the Dominion of Potent Monarchs, who can easily bring great Armies on foot; of whom those of the Turks are the best Disciplin'd. The most considerable of those Sovereigns, are the Grand Segnior, who resides in Europe; the King of Persia; the Great Cham of Tartary, at present, King of China in part; and the great Mogul. Several other great Princes are in Georgia, Arabia, Tartary, in the Indies, and in most of the Islands. Divers people maintain their liberty in the Mountains. The principal place of the Conquests of Portugal, is Goa, that of the Hollandens, Jacatra, otherwise Batavia, in the Isle of Java. The English and the French, have their chief place of Traffick at Surat. The Spaniards possess the Philippine Islands, the Moscovites sway the best part of the Desart of Tartary, which commonly be attributed to Asia.

In the division of this part of the World, some Authors make it to be Inferior, and Exterior, in respect of Mount Taurus. By this same Mountain the Greeks have made it a Citerior, or Northorn, and Ʋlterior, or Southern in respect of them; we divide it into Terra-firma and Islands. The Countrys of the Terra, firma, are towards the West, the Asian Turky, Georgia, and Arabia; towards the middle Persia; towards the North Tartary; towards the East China; towards the South India, divided into Terra-firma, which is the Empire of the Mogul, and into two Peninsula's, the one on this, and the other on that, side the Ganges. The Islands are in the Eastern Sea, that is, that of the Indies, where are found to be the greatest Riches, and perhaps in greater number, than in all the rest of the Universe. These Islands are the Maldives, Ceilan, those of the Sound, and Japan, the Philippins, and the Moluccoes. There are some Islands of Asia in the Mediterranean Sea, Cyprus, Rhodes, and others in the Archipelago.

ASIA.

ASIA,* 3.1 In Scripture, called Semia, from Sem, bounded on the West with the Mediterranian, Aegean, the Helespont, Propontis, Thracian, Bospherus, and the Euxine Sea towards Europe; On the South with the Carpathian Sea, and the Southern Ocean towards Affrica; On the East with the Indian Sea, and Maredel-zur towards America; On the North with the main Scythick Ocean; all Sea-bound, except a narrow Istmus,

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in the South-west towards Affrica.† 3.2 Scituated E. and W. from 52 to the 169 degree of Longitude, N. S. to the 82 degree of Latitude to the Aequator, longest day, except in Northern parts, 12 hours, length 5200, breadth 4560 miles, famous for being the Scene of the Creation, Redemption, and first Monarchs of the World.

Here's Mount Taurus from Lycia to the Indian shore, 6240 long, and 357 broad, memorable for three difficult passages, first, Pylae Ciliciae; secondly, Caucatiae; thirdly, Portae Caspiae. 2. Imaus crossing Taurus 36 Monarchies, those Mountains of power; 1 the Turkish, 2 the Persian, 3 the Cham of Tartary, 4 the Chinois, 5 the King of Barma, 6 the Great Mogor: and 4 Religions, Christianity improved much lately by Trade, Judaisme, Paganisme, and Mahumetanisme.

I. Asia minor, a Peninsula, between 51 and 72 degrees of longitude, 36 and 45 of Latitude, 630 miles long from the Helespont, to Euphrates, and 260 broad from Sinus Issicus to Trapezond; healthful and fruitful between the middle parallel of the 4^h clime, and the middle parallel of the 6^th, as good for Horses, according to the Turkish Proverb, as Europe is for horsemen. Here's 1. Pontus, where are 1 the mid-land towns, Claudiopolis, Flaviopolis, Juliopolis, called so from the Roman Emperours that built them. 2. the Sea-towns, as 1 Heraclea Ponti, the seat and residence of an Emperour formerly, and now a place of good Trade. 2 Diospolis on the Euxine Sea. 3 Amastris. 4 Sinope on a Promontory shooting into the Main. 5 Castamona. 6 Favagoria. 7 Amasia, where the Grandsigniour's Eldest Son is kept alwayes as soon as circumcised till his Fathers death. 8 Diopolis, where Mithredates escaped Lucullus, by strewing treasure in his way. 9 Polemonium. 10 Hermanassa. 11* 3.3 Nixana. 12 Sebastia; hereabouts were the war-like Amazons, that had no† 3.4 Males among them; going to their Neighbour Nations once in three years for copulation, and if they brought forth Males, they sent them

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to their Fathers, if Females they kept them. 13 Cerasus, whence Cherries were brought to Rome A. V. C. 680. 14 Ischopolis. 15. Trapezond on the Euxine Sea, a famous Empory for Salt-fish, an adjoyning Mountain affording a black stone, that when beaten serves for salt; and for being the station of the Turkish Gallies, that are to clear the black Sea.

II. Fruitful Bythinia, Eastward of Pontus, Westward and Northward the Euxine Sea, & Phrygiaminor, whererein 1 Scutori well Garrisoned, and Orcharded with Maiden tower over against the Haven of Constantinople. 2 Nicomedia much frequented for its fresh springs, & pleasant plains. 3 Prusa or Brussa, the Turk's Imperial Seat before Adrianople, and now their Sepulture large and wealthy. 4 Poor Caleedon, where Constantine intended to build his Seat, but that Eagles carried the workmens lines to Bizantium, and where was the 4^th General Council, consisting of 530 Bishops against Nestorius. 5 Nice, now Neichia, or Isnichs, famous for two Councils held therein; one famous A. 314 by Constantine, the other by* 3.5 Errene.

III. Galatia, or Chaunger, E. Cappadocia. N. Paphlagonia, S. Lycaonia famous for fruits and stones, especially the Amethyst, that keeps men from being drunk as long as they wear it; where people used to cast letters with the deceased into the fire, to be read in another world. Here 1 Ancyra famous for an old Synod, A. 299 and good Chamlets on the bankes of Surgarius. 2 Olenus. 3 Agrinana. 4 Tavium. 5 Androsin. 6 Phaborena. 7 Thorma. 8 Talach Bachora.

IV. Paphlagonia now called Rom, E. River Haly, and Cappadocia. N. Pontus, where there are such poor places, as Gangra where Concilium Ganyrense 339. 2 Conrula. 3 Pempeiopolis. 4 Germanopolis. 5 Nouna. 6 Andrapa.

V. Phrygia the less E. Mysia. W. Hellespont. N. S. Propontis and the Aegean Sea: Here is, 1 the Ruines of Troy: 2 With its Port Sigaeum, and 3 the Sea town Lyrnessus, and Assus, Acts 20.13. where dead bodies are consumed in 40 dayes, and 4 strong Scamandria.

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VI. Mysia E. W. Phrygia the greater and less N. S. Bythinia Hellespont, Lydia and the Aegean, where besides the Mountain Olympus, and the Rivers Caicus, and 2 Granicus: 1 Pergamus on a goodly plain by the banks of Caicus, famous for, 1 a great Library, containing 20000 Volumes, whence Parchment called Pergamenum. 2 Tapestry. 3 Galens birth-place, who attained to 140 years of age, 1 By never eating or drinking his fill. 2 Nor any thing raw. 3 And by perfumes he carried about him. 4 And one of the 7 Churches in the Revelations. 2 Alydda. 3 Trojanopolis. 4 Praepemissus. 5 Protoselene. 6 Addramittium, Acts 27. 7 Dainta. 8 Scepsis vetus on the Aegean Sea. 9 Parium, and its Marble. 10 Priapus, the filthy Gods Lampsachus. 11 Cyzicus* 3.6 strong and beautiful in the Propontis:

Arce, Maenibus, portu, turribusque marmoreis illustris.

The stones of whose ruines, by an Earth-quake are carried daily to Constantinople. 12 Abydos on the Northwest of the Hellespont, over against Sestos, fortified with two Castles which defend Constantinople on that side from all force by Sea.

VII. Phrygia the greater, or Aidin-Ills, W. Mysia N. S. Pontus and Lydia E. Galatia; the Inhabitants famous for afterwit, whence serò sapiunt Phryges: and their* 3.7 Enthusiastick and fantastick musick, which (according to Tullies Mutatâ Musicâ mutantur mons) had a great influence upon their manners. And the Country fruitful by the Rivers. 1 Sangarius. 2 Marsias. The town 1 Mydeum from Mydas, who because he desired all should be turned to gold he touched, starved because his meat was so, 2 Colloss. vid. Epist. ad Col. 3 Pesinus. 4 Gordion, where the knot which Alexander cut with his sword was.

VIII. Armenia surrounded with Taurus, Mons Scordiscus, and Euphrates, and the black River Melas; with Arabyssus, where Chrysostome was banished by Eudoxia. Melitone, now Suur, famous for Wines and Oyls. 3 Strong Gornuc•, Nicopolis, and Oromundus.

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IX. Cappadocia, now called Amasia, E. S. both Armeniaes and Lycaonia, N. W. Galatia and the Sea; rich in wines fruits, mines of Silver, Iron, Brasse, Allum, besides Alabaster, Chrystal, Jasper, and the Onyx stone, and horses; the people wicked, whence tria* 3.8 Cappa cacista, and venomous poysoning their very Serpents.

The Towns, 1 Nyssa, whence Gr. Nyssenus. 2 Nazianzum, whence G. Naz. 3 Mazaca, St. Basils See. 4 Tyana. 5. Archelais. 6 Comana. 7 Diocaesarea. 8 Faustinopolis. 9 Andraca. 10 Salambria. 11 Erxirum the Rendezvouz of the Turks in their expeditions against the Persians. 12 Pterium on the River Iris, yielding yearly to the Turk and his Beglerbey of Anatolia 60000 Ducats.

X. Asia, properly so called, now Sarchan or Proconsula; Asia E. N. Lydia and Mysia S. W. Caria and the Aegean; where 1 Pitane on a River of that name, where they made bricks to swim. 2 Acarnea, where the Tyrant Hermias was baited in Oxes hide. 3 Elea, on the mouth of Caicus, Port to Pergamus. 4 Cene, or Canna. 5 Cuma, where Sybilla Cumaea. 6 Phocaea, called so from the Sea-calves, there called Phocae. 7 Myas* 3.9 destroyed by Flyes. 8 Erythra, whence Sybilla Erithaea. 9 Lebedos. 10 Clazomone of much esteem for good wines. 11 Prieno. 12 Ipsus. 13 Teos Anacreons birth-place. 14 Smyrna, a fair City on a Bay of the name, hanging over the Sea hill-wayes. One of the 7 Churches in the Revelations, and much traded to for Chamlets, Grograins, and such Stuffs, made at Ancyra, besides wines; here the English have a Consul. 15 Colophon, which put an end to any war that they were ingaged in, whence the phrase Colophonem addere:

Septem Ʋrbes certant de stirpe insignis homeri,Smyrna, Rhodos, Colophon, Salamis, Chios, Argos Athenae.

16 Ephesus, metropolis of Asia, one of the seven Churches, and memorable for Diana's Temple, 425 foot long, 220 broad, supported with 127 Marble Pillars 70 foot high. 200 years in building; 7 times fired,

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the last time by Herostratus, the night Alexander was born, Diana the Goddess of Mid-wifery being at his labour.

XI. Curia, N. E. Lycia, Lydia, and Ionia S. W. the Aegean and Carpathian Sea, where Auguty was first invented, and Astronomy* 3.10: Here besides the River Salmacis, that weakens those that drink it, is the City Miletus, Acts 20.10. Thales birth-place, Iren. l. 3. c. 14. 2 Mindus, that was in danger of running out of the Gates. 3 Heraclea ad latmum. 4 Borgillia. 5 Milasa. 6 Primassus, which Philip of Macedon took with a counterfeit mine. 7 Cnidus, famous for a Marble Image of Venus. 8 Cressa. 9 Halicarnassus where Mausolus his tomb, one of the seaven wonders of the World, built by his Wife, was Mart. Epig. 1.1.

XII. Lydia S. E. Phrygia M. and Coria N. W. Asia propriè dicta, and the greater Mysia; the first Inventors of Coyning, Pedling, Huckstering and Gaming were these people, who found out gaming to divert their hunger. The Hills, 1 Siphylus. 2 Tinolus covered with Vines and Saffron, on the Rivers, 1 Hermus. 2 Caystrus. 3 Pactolus and its golden sands. 4 Crooked Maeander, and inriched with Gold, Silver and Gems; the Cities, 1 Sardis, the taking of which by the Graecians so startled Xerxes, that he caused it to be said every day at his Table, (as it was every year in the Parliament of Paris about Calice) the Graecians have taken Sardis. 2 Philadelphia. 3 Thyatira. 4 Laodiceia. 5 Of the Asian Churches. 6 The 2 Maynesia's. 7 Alabanda, and 7* 3.11 Trall is on the Banks of Caistrus.

XIII. Lycia, environed on three sides, with the Mountain Taurus (and shut in on the 4^th with the Mediterranian) famous for that branch of Taurus, here called Chymaera; and 1 the City Mira, Acts 27.5. 2 Telmesus, and its Southsayers. 3 Pratius and its fair haven. 4 Phaselis with its Pyrates, and Brigantines. 5 Cragus, under a Mountain of the name. 6 Aenonda. 7 Corydilla. 8 Rhodia. 9 Solyma; all these now a Part of the Kingdome of Caramania.

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XIV. Lycaonia S. E. Armenia minor, and Pisidia N. W. Cappadocia, and Phrygia major; where is, 1 Iconium, now Coynri, scituated advantagiously in the Mountains for defence and safety. 2 Lystra, Acts 14.19, 20. 3 Derbe. 4 Laranda. 5 Adopistus. 6 Paralais. 7 Camara, and 8 Caratha.

XV. Pasidia N. Lycaonia, E. Armenia the less, W. Lycia, S. Pamphilia and Cilicia; where is 1 old Antioch, Acts 4. 2 Impenetrable Seleucia, and Termessus. 3 Fruitfull and pleasant Sagalassa, Selge, Cremna, and Lysinia.

XVI. Isauria E. S. Cilicia on both sides Taurus, plentifull in Vines and other rich products, about the River Calecadnus, where besides the ruined Isauria, is the rich and well-traded Seleucia, and Claudipolis.

XVII. Cilicia S. Mediterranian and Syria, rich in Soyl, and conveniently scituated on the Sea-coast for Trade; but meanly* 3.12 inhabited, and therefore yielding only Goats, Sheep, Butter and Cheese, with good Horses, where 600 are yearly called for the Grand-Seigniours Service, where (besides the Rivers thundering Pyramis now Malmistra. 2 Orymasdus. 3 Calycadnus. 4 Cold Cidnus, that cureth the Gout; and the impassable Streights, called Pylae Ciliciae) are the Cities, 1 Solae, where Pompey setled the Pyrates in an honest way of livelihood. 2 Tarsus, now Tersia and Hamsa, St. Pauls birth-place on the banks of Cydnus to this day strong and wealth. 3 Epiphania. 4 Mopsuestia. 5 Anchiala on the Sea side neer the Promontory Zephyrium. 6 unwalled, but well† 3.13 defended Adena, well known to the Travellers over* 3.14 Taurus, for its plentiful provision of Wine and Corn. 7 Famous Issus, now Aiazzo on the Bay called Golfo di Aaiazzo. 8 Unwholesom, Fenny, but commodiously seated, and traded Alexandria, now a few houses of straw and mud; the nearest Haven to the Bay of Aleppo, and called Scanderoon. 9 Nicopolis. 10 Amavarza. 11 Fair and large Heraclea. 12 Scandelow.

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XVIII. The Isles of Asia minor, from the mouth of the Hellespont to Rhodes; among which, 1 Penedos* 3.15 over against Sigeum, now Cape Janizarie, 10 miles round producing good Wine and Crab-fish, with a Town of the name;

Nunc tantum sinus & statio malesida Carinis.

2 Lesbos 168 miles round S. W. Barren. N. E. Level and fruitful, with excellent Corn, and delicious Wine, where is Lesbos. 2 Methymna. 3 Mytelene, Seated on a Peninsula, a commodious Haven on the North-side for Gallies, S. for other ships, well fortified by Art and Nature, with a strong Castle, and a well stored Arsenal. 4 Vasilica. 5 Theodori. 6 Castle-Gera. 3 Chios, over against the shore of Jonia 126 miles compass, the only place for Mastick, a gum cut out of the bark of the Lentisne tree in July and August, and gathered in September, yielding 18000 Sultanies yearly; besides, good for Corn, Oyl, Marble, some Silks, and Cotton wooll, short of those in Smyrna; Honey, and most delicious wines, with an infinite store of red tame Partridges; the inhabitants merry Greeks, and grave Genoese: the most eminent places here, 1 Pigrine. 2 St. Elias. 3 Chios now Sio, full of Oranges, Lemons, Pomegranates, Citrons, on a good Haven, secured by a Garrison,* 3.16 and watch-towers on the shore, and directed to by a Lanterne. 4 Samos S. E. Chios, 85 miles about, abounding with Oyl, and Olives, with a medicinal earth, called terra samia; store of timber, on a fair and capacious Haven, much infested with Pyrats. 5 Iscaria, now Niceria. W. Samos 37 miles round, neighboured by two dangerous rocks, abounding with Pasture and Corn: no Haven, but good Roads:

Icarus Icariis nomina fecit aquis.

6 Palmos.† 3.17 now Palmosa, fruitful in Wheat and Pulse, with a fair Haven. 7 Claros and Lexo, where abundance of Aloes and good harbours. 8 Coos, Cos, or Cous, a level in that part of the Aegean, called the Myrtcan-Sea, now Lange, famous for Tiffanies, Vinum Cos, Cypres-trees,

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Turpentine, and its sweet springs, 70 mile circuit; famous for Aesculapius his Temple, and Hippocrates his Birth. Carpathres S. Caria in the Mediterranian 60 miles compass, happy in its Marble and Ports, especially neer Scarpanto. 9 Rhodes over against Lycia 140 miles round, of a most temperate air, and most fruitfull and pleasant soyl, the Sun every day shining upon it; where is Lindum now Lindo a petty town; Rhodes on the East of the Isle, on the side of a hill near the Sea, with a safe and commodious Haven treble walled,* 3.18 fortified with 13 Turrets, and 5 strong Bull-works, besides sconces and outworks; Here was the Colosse 7 Cubits high, each finger as big as a man, 12 years in building, and one of the 7 Wonders, whence it was called Colossa.

XIX. Cyprus 550 miles round on the Cilician and Syrian Seas, from each main Land above 60 miles, having 10 Promontories, and having had 10 names, as famous for Cypresses as Rhodes is for Roses, under the 4^th Climate, hot, abounding with Wine, Oyl, Corn, Sugar, Cotton, Honey, Wool, Turpentine, Allom, Verdegreese, all sorts of Mettals, store of Salt, Grograins; besides Lycus and Lapithes small Torrents, and some springs running from Olympus,* 3.19 which is here 54 Italian miles round, loaded with Trees and Fruits of all sorts, where is ruined Paphos, now called new Paphos and Baffo, on the Sea side. 2 Arfino. 3 Trepano, a well seated, and traded port. 4 Connelia rich in Sugar, and Cotton-Wool. 5 Cithera. 6 Amathus. 7 Episcopio a considerable place neer the Promontory Curias. 8 Salines and its rich Salt-pits. 9 Strong Nicosia, in the midst of the Isle, both pleasantly and fruitfully scituated, and exactly round. 10 Wholesome Cerines neer the Sea; 1 Famagusta raised out of the Ruines of Salamis in the E. end of the Island in a plain and low ground, between two Promontories, Cape St. Andrew, and Capo de Griego 4 square, 2 miles about, with a haven (opposite to Tripolis in Syria) opening towards the South-East, defended from the injury of the Sea by two

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great Rocks, betwixt which the Sea cometh in at a narrow passage, not above 40 paces broad, but after opening wider and wider, to a conveniency of safety and capacity assured both by the difficult Entrance, and a Chain crossed over it. 12 Arsinoe, now called Lescare. 13 Tamassus, eminent for brasse mines, and a great quantity of Verdegreese, and Vitriol found neer it. 14 Idalium, the yearly custome upon Salt is here 500000 Crowns.

XX. Syria, W. Mediterranean, S. Palestine and Arabia E. Euphrates, N. Cilicia, and the lesser Armenia; 525 miles long from Taurus to Arabia. 470 miles broad from the Mediterranean to Euphrates, the language Arabick, the religion Christian, Mahumetan, Pagan, or a mixture of all professed by the Drusians: the prime Rivers, 1 Chorsaeus or Chison. 2 Orontes now Saldino. 3 Eleutherus now called Casmar. 4 Singos. 5 Euphrates: the Mountains, 1 Carmel. 2 Piena. 3 Casius, four miles high. 4 Libanus, famous for Cedars, Frankincense and Honey falling on the boughs of the trees; 150 miles long from Sidon in Phaenicia, to Smyrna in Caelosyria, inhabited by Maronite Christians, that pay the Grand-Seignior 17 Sultanies a man when above 12 years of age.

1. In Phaenicia, a maritine part of Syria of great traffique, formerly was 1 the famous port Ptolemais razed to the ground, 1291. 2 And the ancient Mart of Tyre. 3 Sarepta or Sarphath on the Sea-coast, between Tyre and Sidon, and its good wines. 4 Sidon, in a rich valley between Libanus Northward, and Antilibanus Southward; the inhabitants whereof, the first makers of Chrystal Glass, Zech. 9.2. the matter thereof flowing thither from the adjoyning Rivers, with an haven for Gallies, and a Block-house. 5 Bunitus. 6 Biblis. 7 Orthosia lately Tortosa. 8 Tripolis, eminent for Amaza Franki, Kell-franhe, and other fruits, and two miles from the Sea, and half a mile from the haven on the west-side of it; rich in Gardens, Springs, and Silk-worms, whose Silks they sell raw to the Italians, and much increased by the trade of Scanderoon, and well fortified.

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2. In Syria, properly so called, S. Phaenicia; rich in 1 Fruits, especially Figs, hanging about the high ways. 2 Sheep with great tails, weighing 25 pound and upwards; & 3 great store of Cotton-wool: is 1 Rugia. 2 Hierapolis. 3 Barbarssus. 4 Chalcis. 5 Telnedissa. 6 Laodicea and its good wines. 7 Apamea. 8 Emesa or Hamse in a spacious and fruitful plain, and well watered. 9 Epiphania. 10 Laris. 11 Gebal, Ps. 83, now Gabella. 12 Aradus. 13 Daphne. 14 Antioch seated on both sides the River Orontis, twelve miles from the Mediterranean, the River Parsar passing on the South-side of it, now ruined. 15 Alburia.

3. In Comagena E. Euphrates and Mesopotamia, W. Amamus and Cilicia. N. Taurus and Armenia the less, a place famous for Divination, was Samosata. 2 Germanica. 3 Singa. 4 Pinora. 5 Aleppo, the Aleph or first of Syria, on the bank of Singas, kept up, because commodiously scituated for the trade of the whole world between three ports of Tripolis, Berytus, and Alexandretta in Turkey, besides the Persian Territories, where the English Merchants have three houses for stowage, and a coul; the building low, and arched before their doors, and the scite pleasant among Gardens, and secure rather than strong. 6 Aman between Tripoli and Aleppo, pleasantly seated on two Hills, and environed with Orchards of Palme trees, and very good fruits. 7 Byrrah and those places, Esr. 37.13. 2 Kings 18.34.

4. In Palmyrene, N. Comagena wholesome for hot Springs, but not well Rivered, is 1 Palmyra, see 1 Chron. 8.4. 2 Sura. 3 Alamath.

5. In Caelosyria the Syria so much spoken of in the Books of Kings and Chronicles, is, 1 Heliopolis, now Balbec. 2 Chalcis, west of Damascus in the shades of Libanus. 3 Abila. 4 Adida. 5 Capitolias, now Suente. 6 Damascus scituate in a large plain, environed with hills, and watered with the River Chrysorrous, watering the Orchards and Gardens, whence we have excellent wines; the luscious Damascenes, the sweet Damask Roses, and the curious Damask works.

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7. Eden, at the foot of Libanus.

XXI. From Caelosyria, over Hermon we go to Palestine, W. Mediterranean, N. Antilibanus, S. Arabia Petrea; under the third and fourth clime, 200 miles long, and 80 broad, where are first Rivers, 1 Chison. 2 Kidron. 3 Zared and Naphthea. 4 Arnon. 5 Jaboc. 6 Hermon. 7 Jordan, surrounded with Poplars, Tamarishes and Reeds of all sorts, and passing through the Lake of Tiberias without mixture with it into the Mediterranean, and the dead Sea. Secondly, Hills, Sion. 2 Moriah. 3 Calvari. 4 Tabor. 5 Olivet. 6 Gerizim. 7 Savon, now Capo Bianco with its Rosemary, Sweet Mayjorum, Hyssop, Bayes, and other odoriferous plants, besides Leopards, &c. 8 Gilboa. 9 Basan. 10 And Abarim.

1. In Peraea, a Part of Palestine between Jordan and Arnon, from Pella N. to Petra S. was 1 Recome, 2 Kings 14.7. 2 Midian. 3 Rabbat. 4 Diblathan. 5 Gallim. 6 Muthana. 7 Nathaliel. 8 Bamath. 9 Mizpah. 10 Hor. 11 Kir-harasath. 12 Rabbah. 13 Dathema. 14 Minneth, 15 Abel vinearum. 16 Mitspa. 17 Magod. 18 Bosor. 19 Abel shittim. 20 Bethbara. 21 Machaerus. 22 Leshaa 23 Midibuh. 24 Bosor. 25 Livias. 26 Libias. 27 Hedemath. 28 Bamath Baal. 29 Heshbon. 30. Adam. 31. Aroer. 32 Dihon. 33 Bethnimrah. 34. Nolioroh. 35 Bethharan. 36 Beth-ezob. 37. Succoth. 38 Jazor. 39 Mahanaim. 40 Rogelim. 41 Ramoth Gilead. 42 Penuel.

2. In Ituraea another Province, ragged, rude, and given to witch-craft; 1 Hippus. 2 Bathira. 3 Pella, 4 Edrey. 5 Carnaim. 6 Ephron. 7 Jabesh Gilead. 8 Ashteroth. 9 Gaulon. 10 Gamala. 11 Gadara. 12 Gergesa. 13 Juleus. 14 Abel. 15 Gessur. 16 Mahacath. 17 Chauran. 18 Chalsar Havan. 19 Ʋs. 20 Sueta.

3. In Galilee, rich with all manner of fruit, was 1 Hazor, now Antronia. 2 Capernaum, a poor fisher-town. 3 Hamath. 4 Kadesh. 5 Riblah. 6 Saphet, the onely place where the Jewes have the face of a Common-Wealth. 7 Bethsomes, Carthan, Masoloth and Cinereth. 8 Ascheche,

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Gabula, Giscala, Cana, Messal pleasantly seated, and of great importance. 9 Jokneham, Zabulon, Cana-major, Barsabe, Dothan, Bethsaida, Nazareth, Jotopata, Tiberis, Bethulia, Japha, Sephoris. 10 Ta•ihaea, Chishion, Remelh, Enhaddae, Naim, Aphraim, Daborath the Castle of Pilgrims, now Tortora.

4. In Samaria, rich in Pastures, Cattle, and fruits, is Bethsan, on the banks of Jordan, out of whose ruines many pillars, and other pieces of marble are drawn out. 2 Thirza. 3 Acrabula. 4 Thebes. 5 Ephra. 6 Bezeke. 7 Jezreel. 8 Megiddo. 9 Dora. 10 Caesarea. 11 Antipatris. 12 Saron, and Lidda, or Diospolis, Ramatha, Ajalon, Shempath, Cares, Silo, Bethoron, Michmas, now Byra, Sichem since Nicopolis, Samaria, famous for the marble pillars found there, now nothing but a few Cottages, filled with greek monks.

5. In Judea, on the Sea coasts from the South of Phaenicia, to the North of Idumaea, is 1 Gath and its New-Castle. 2 Wealthy and strong Accaron. 3 The fair village of Ashdod. 4 The goodly Sea-town, Ascalon, repaired by Rich. I. King of England. 5 Wealthy Gaza, surrounded with its rich and pleasant vallies, and its Port Majoma. 6 Joppa, Joffa with two Turrets with Harquebusses to defend the haven, which lies too open to the North-winds, whither Merchants trade for Cotton-wool, keeping their Factory at Rama on a sandy plain, in the rising of an hill. 7 Modin, where the Macchabees Sepulchre of seven Pillars, so that they are the Seamans marks. 7 Tzara. 9 Healthful Gerar in the south of Canaan. 10 Ziglag. 11 Coreath Sepher since •aema an old University. 12 The well fortified frontire-town Beersheba; besides those Cities of the Tribe of Judah: 1 Arad. 2 Hebron. 3 Tecoa. 4 Cerioth. 5 Jether or Jethica. 6 Maresa. 9 Emaus, and its hot baths. 8 Hason, Odalla, Keila, Eleutheropolis, Azeha, Bethsur, Zoar, Mussuda, the strongest place in Judaea, Libna, Ziph, Bethlem, places renowned for Balsom, and those of the Tribe of Benjamin; as 1 Michmas. 2 Mispah. 3 Geba.

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4 Gibeah. Ai. 6 Gibeon. 7 Jericho. Anathoth. Gilgal. 10 Bethel; Ramath. 11 Jerusalem, to whose ruines many repair out of devotion, more out of curiosity, paying the Turk nine Crowns a man, amounting yearly to 80000 Ducats, only low roofed houses built here and there for two miles compass, looking handsomly at distance; inhabited by mean Artezans of all Nations and Religions.

6. In Idumea, E. S. Arabia Petraea, W. Mediterranean that dry and sandy place, bearing nothing but Palm-trees, besides the two Hills, Mount Seir and Cassius are remarkable, 1 Dinahahath, Gen. 36.32, 35, 37. 2 Anthedon, a port town on S. River Boser against Gaza. 3 Well fortified Rhino curura. 4 Ostracine, now Stragione on the Sea-side beneath Anthedon, and some few Villages inhabited by Arabians, and Castles kept by the Turks in the way to Egypt; as 5 Hamones, Harista, and Cario, Custome houses near Gaza, so ill watered, that the chief men there have all their water from Tena, twelve miles off, on the Coast of Aegypt; all these places under the Turk, though inhabited by the hated Jews in many places, who every Easter are in danger of that death they inflicted on our Saviour, by reason of their Ʋsury and Brocage, together with their being the Turks Publicans, and Tax-gatherers, their Nation stinks, as much as they said their bodies do.

XXII.* 3.20 Arabia E. Chaldea, and Gulph of Persia, W. Palestine and the Red Sea, N. Euphrates, S. Main Southern Ocean; the Language Arabick, which is the Language of most Mahumetan Countries, the Alcoran being Writ, and most of their offices performed in it.

1. Hath in that Part called Arabia deserta, now Benoni, E. Babylonia, N. Mesopotamia, W. Palestina, S. Arabia foelix, Jobs Country, onely one remarkable place (being nothing but Rocks and Deserts) and that is Semischusach formerly called Saba, and some other Villages peopled by the civil Moors.

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2. In the Rocky (Petrea) not travelled but in Carvans only by Merchants with their Camels, who bring their food with them, the wandring and Idle Inhabitants having nothing but Milk, Herbs, and Venison; Besides, 1 Mount Sinai, where there is a mesque of Turkish Pilgrims. 2 Horeb, now Orel, where is a Monastry of Greek Monks. 3 Hor. where is 1 Petra now Crat, neer Mount Hor. the treasury of Aegypt, and the Key to Palestine. 2 Bosra, now Bassereth of good esteem. 3 Elama, on a Bay of the Red-sea, called Sinus Elanicus. 4 Berenice, or Ezion-Geber, the harbour for the ships going to Ophir. 5 Sur and Havilah on the Gulfs of Persia and Arabia, &c.

3. In that portion of it called Arabia the happy, now Ailman, E. of Persia, W. Arabian Gulf, S. Ocean-abounding with Myrrh, Balsom, Frankincense, Gold and Precious Stones, with Corn, Cattels, Wines, quiet Roads and Harbours, besides medicinal waters, eminent for the Phaenix, and the Ostrich that digesteth Iron, are now upon the ruines of the old places mentioned by Ptolomy.

1. Egra neer Sinus Elaniticus on the Red Sea, or Algiar port-town to Medina, three dayes Journey from it. 2* 3.21 Jatrib being between. 3 Medina Talnabi, ill and poorly seated, but rich by the confluence of Pilgrims that flock thither to Mahomets Tomb (and Temple where burn 3000 Lamps continually) inclosed in an Iron Grate, and covered with Velvet, sent thither yearly by the Grand Seignior, the old Pall being cut into Relicks. 4 Cusa, the Counsel-place. 5 Mecca neer Medina the great Mart of the Commodities of Arabia, Persia and India, carried thence into all parts of the Turkish Empire, no Christian being permitted to come within five miles of it, it being unwalled, no water but rain: 6000 Families yearly visited with three Carvans of Pilgrims from India, Damascus, and Grand-Cair. 6 Zeden haven town to Mecca forty miles off, well built, and of great resort, but weak in a sand on the Red Sea.

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7 Zebel, the Metropolis of the Country, neer the Red Sea, well-traded for Sugars, Spice and Fruits. 8 Eltor, the onely port Christians may Inhabit. 9 The well-traded, well fortified, and capacious haven of Aden on the entrance of the Red Sea, neer the Streights, called Babel-Mandel. 10 Oran, the Key of the Southern Ocean. 11 Zean, fifteen miles square. 12 Hor, a Garrison. 13 Muskahal on the Persian Gulf neer Cape Rezel Gate, opposite to Surat in the East Indies, well fortified by the Portugeez.

4. In the Islands, 1 of the* 3.22 Red Sea, or the Sea of Edom, which are twelve not worth naming, they are so small and desolate, except Dolaqua, one hundred and twenty miles long, and twelve broad, with a City of the name, where they gather Pearls. 2 Hot Camaran. 3 Red Xomou. 2 Of the Southern Ocean from the East of Aethiopia to the Indies. 1 Tylus with Vines, Olives, and good materials for Shipping. 2 Bairen and Gonfiar, where we have the best Pearles in the World in beds of Oysters.

XXIII. Chaldea, E. Persia, W. Arabia the desert, N. Mesopotamia, the Seat (its thought) of Paradise, so fruitfull, that it yieldeth three hundred fold increase; three harvests: the first place of Astronomy, Astrology, Divination and Idolatry, had first Babel that was confounded: Secondly Babylon, formerly one of the worlds wonder, as many furlongs round, as there are dayes in the year, (viz.) 365, 50 Cubits high, and so broad, that Carts might meet upon them; finished in one year by an 100000 workmen on both sides Euphrates, famous for pensile Gardens; and for that the Enemy had entred one end of it, three dayes before the other heard of them; in whose stead now stands* 3.23 Bagdad, a place of great wealth and traffick, about seven miles round, maintained now by the trade of Aleppo by Water, and by Land, in Carvans by Camels, for whose passages publick spirited men have built houses of Receits on the Roads, called Caravane

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Rowes, or Canes; here they correspond by Pigeons, which they teach by carrying them with them in a Cage to coast any Country. 2 Ctesephon. 3 Sipparum, and its great Trench 4 Apamia. 5 Balsora, the port to Babylon at the fall of Euphrates to Sinus Persicus where the riches of Arabia, Persia, and some parts of India, are landed and carried to Babylon, and so by water to Aleppo

XXIII. Assyria, E. Media, W. Mesopotamia. N. Turcomama, where Christianity was planted by St. Jude, and corrupted by the Nestorians; hath 1 Calach. 2 The fruitful, well-seated, and well-shaded Sittace. 3 Arbela, neer which they say Noah built the Ark. 4 Apollonia. 5 Geguamela. 6 Rhezen, which was once delivered up, because the Inhabitants were frighted with an Ecclips of the Son. 7 Mosul, the chief City of Assyria, raysed upon the Ruines of Nineveh, whereof there are hardly any foot-steps, and the seat of the Patriarch of the Nestorians, who call the Pope, the Reprobate Bishop. 8 Strong Arzeri and Scheheruzal.

XXIV.* 3.24 Mesopotamia, E. Tygris, W. Euphrates, N. Taurus, S. Chaldea, now Dearbech, where Christianity was preached by St. Thaddeus hath these remarkable places: 1 Strong Cologenbar. 2 Fair Edessa on the River Scyrtas neer Euphrates. 3 Nisibis. 4 Ʋr. 5 Haran. 6 Amida. (a strong frontier town against the Persians) now Caramit, or Kara Amida, i. e. black Amida. 7 Phalga and Seruts at the meeting of Caphoras with Euphrates. 8 Singara, on a River of the name well fortified. 9 Bezabde on the banks of Tygris; Virta and Merdix impregnable.

XXV. Between Mesopotamia and Turcomania on Mount Taurus; is, 1 Moras, with its hot baths, and abundance of sulphur. 2 Larus Joon, between Omoal the last town of Hircania and Damoan, the first of Media.

XXVI. Turcomania, N. Tartary, S. Mesopotamia and Assyria, W. Euxine Sea Cappadocia, and Armenia minor, E. Media and Caspean Sea hath

1 In that Port called* 3.25 Armenia major, equally composed of hills and dales, rich in Cattle and Fruits; famous for rich Tapestries, Grograines and watered Chamlets, which by a priviledge under Mahomets own hand above other Christians, they sell all over Turkey, using the Armenian Tongue, Christened by St. Bartholomew, are, first the Rivers, 1 Aruxes, runs from Armenia to the Caspian Sea; and 2 Cyrus. 3 Cambyses. 4 Euphrates, now Frat,* 3.26 a violent stream cut into Channels, least it should drown the Country. 5 A swift River, affording an easie passage in a few rafts, born up with Goat-skins, blown up with wind to Bagdat, running long under ground, in whose and Euphrates circlings lay Eden.

2. The Mountains Abos. 2 Periardes. 3 Ʋdalespes. 4 Antitaurus. 5 Montes Moschici. 6 Niphates. 7 The Gordian Mountains, or Ararat.

3. The Towns; 1 Artareta now Corin where the Battle was fought, 1514. which the Turks call the day of Doom; the place called the Calderan fields. 2 Sebastia now Suassia, seated on Euphrates. 3 Tigrane certa on the River Nicesorius. 4 Arcamasola. 5 Cholna. 6 Baraza. 7 Arsarata. 8 Theodosiopolis. 9 Colonia. 10 Strong Clamassum on the Euphrates. 10 Charz made impregnable in three weeks, 1579. 11 Well garrisoned and Ammunition'd Vau, a Frontier against the Persians. 12 Well fortified Arminig held by the Persians.

2. In Colchis famous for Vines and Gold (E. Iberia, W. Euxine Sea, N. Tartary, S. Armenia the greater) formerly, now the* 3.27 rude people Barter one Commodity for another, with a language of their own; besides the River Phasis navigable eighteen miles into the Country, whence came our Pheasants; was 1 the famous Mart Dioscurias, where the Romans kept 130 Interpreters to correspond with people of 300 Languages that traded there. 2 Phasis, on the same River, now Phassum, the residence of the Turkish Beglebergh. 3 Neapolis and Alvati.

3. In Iberia, E. Albania, W. Colchis, N. Mountains Caucasus, called so from the River Iberus running through it, now Georgia, woody and fruitful; the people war-like, christened by Constantine the Great, and now divided between Mahumetanism and Jesuitisme, since 1614. is 1 Cremen. 2 Cachete. 3 Triala. 4 Altuncala, or the strong Golden Castle. And the impregnable Archichelech. 6 The large and well fortified* 3.28 Testis Lori, and Tomanis (rich in Corn, Cattle, and Fruits, with Forts commanding all passages.) 7 Glisca and Biscapar.

4. In Albania, W. Iberia, E. Caspian Sea, naturally fruitfull, affording three reapings for once sowing, where people formerly could not tell an hundred, and understood not weights and measures, or money, reverencing old age, but not speaking of the dead: Gray from their Child-hood, and seeing as well by night as by day, is nothing remarkable; but the Rivers Albanus and Cyrus, and the City Derbent neer the Caspian Sea, now Demircan or* 3.29 Iron Gate with Sabran, and Sancta Maria, all, or most of these places under the Turks.

XXVII. Media, (E. Parthia and Hircania, W. Arm. major, and Assyria, N. Caspian Sea, Georgia. S. Persia, now Skeir-vun, i. e. Milky-plain, where it was a punishment for the Vulgar men to have less then seven Wives, and Women less then five Husbands; their bread of dryed Almonds, their meat wild flesh; on the North side plenty of Wines, Fruits, Cattle, especially horses on the South side; they poyson their Arrows with Oleum Mediacum, so that nothing can allay the heat of the wound but a little dust, converted by St. Thomas.) hath in it besides the River Canac, between it and Armenia major, and the Lake Argis, whose fish dryed by the wind and sun raise these People a great advantage.

1. In the inhospitable Atropatria between Taurus and the Caspian Sea, whither its thought the Jews Captived by Salmanasser, are placed 1 Bochu by the* 3.30 Caspian Sea. 2 Strong Eres possessed by the Turks, as an in-let to this Country. 2* 3.31 Shamaki between Eres and Derbent, notorious for a Pillar of Flint-stones, interwoven with the heads of Persian Noblemen set there barbarously in terrorem.

2. In Media, especially so called, eminent for generous* 3.32 horses, fat Cattle, good Corn and Wine, and and excellent Water; was 1 Ruined Ecbatana as stately as Babylon, formerly out of whose rubbish, 2 Tauris was built now Baronta under the shadow of Mount O•ontes, a hundred and fifty miles from the Caspian Sea, opening S. towards a large and spacious Campagne, six miles round built of brick with flat Roofs and Battlements, as in all the East; well traded, and inhabited at least by 200000 persons, with a strong Citadel. 3 Caspin on the Ruines of Arsacia, very conveniently and pleasantly Scituated on a Riveret that serves for necessity and pleasure, but not for trade. 4 Rages. 5. Nasuana. 6 Ardoville. 7 Sultanives ruines and Mosches, environed alwayes with snowy Mountains. 8 The fair Market Tywan. 9 Turcoman. 10 Daman, i. e. a second Plantation at the foot of Taurus, where the Inhabitants think Noahs Ark rested.

XXVIII. Persia, E. India, N. Tartary, S. Sea, W. Media, under the 3^d, 4^th, 5^th, and 6^th Clime S. days thirteen hours. N. fifteen hours, healthful and shady; the people half skilfull in Physick, Poems, Astronomy,* 3.33 Horseman-ship, Archery,† 3.34 Magick, and among other manufactures in making Silks and Cloath of Gold; all the Christianity there was planted by St. Thomas. Hath

1. In Susiana, W. Babylonia, N. Assyria, S. Tygris, called Havilah, famous for Gold* 3.35 Bdellium and Onyx stone, 1 Aracca and its bituminous water easily fired, and not easily quenched. 2 The Ruines of Susa. 3. Elimais rich by Pilgrimages with Sela on the Bank of Eulaeus, that emptieth its self into Sinus Persicus, of so pure a

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stream, that the great Persian Kings would drink of no other water. 4 Jaaroone inhabited by Jewes Suum and Casa.

2. In Persis, W. Susiana, N. Media, E. Carmania, now Fars, where some Dates, Palmes and Emeraulds are found; and in one part of it abundance of Roses, Rose-water, Cordovans, Corn, Fruit and Cattle; are 1 Ausinza on the Bay, between the mouths of the Rivers Bagradas, and Brisoana, as 2 is Jona Capolis. 3 Axenia now Lansilla. 4 Shyras raised on the ample ruines of Persepolis (burnt by Alexander in a drunken fit, at the instigation of Lais) neer the banks of Araxes, now Bindimir the Metropolis, nine miles round in a plain, hemmed with Mountains, famous for Gardens, and Mosches with their golden lights, and a thousand Lamps; affording Good Wine, pretty Women, pleasant fruits, and a gallant people. 5 Well-wooded and watered Moyown, N. E. Shyras. 6 The high Mountain and Castle of Banneraw. 7 Berry, a School for the Arabick tongue, &c.

3. In* 3.36 Carmania, W. Persis, and the Gulf of Persia, N. Parthia, S. Indian Sea, affording neither good Port, nor good coming to it all the two hundred leagues on the Sea-coast, to carry off its poor Commodities, such as Dates, Myrrhe, Arsenie, Brass, Iron, Alabaster, Fish and little Silver; are 1 Cyrza and Gochorta, two Port Towns. 2 Alexandria. 3 O•tespana. 4 Armuza, on the shore of the Persian Gulf. 5 Populous Gunbroone. 6 Jasques in Cape de Jasques. 7 Charmania (Chyrman) notable for cloath of Gold, and Scymitars. 3 In-land Lar, and its goodly Market place Mosch, and Cittadel of Mosai{que} work, through this Country Alexander marched after the Conquest of India in a fortnights continued fit of drinking and revelling.

4 In Ormus, an Isle in the entrance of the Persian* 3.37 Gulf (which after a narrow streight openeth to the City Balsora, and is two thousand five hundred Italian miles compass) twenty miles round, affording only

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Salt, and notwithstanding its so hot, that the people are forced to live in Caves; and so unhappy that they send to other Countries for water; is so well Scituated, that the Wealth of Persia and East India is brought to its great Mart Armuzium (two miles round) in the end of the Isle, and thence conveyed by water to Euphrates, and thence by Boats, or Camels to Aleppo, Alexandretta and Tripolis, till it was destroyed by the help of the English, 1622. who have therefore customes of all strangers that traffick at Gambroon, whither the trade of this place was removed.

5. In* 3.38 Gedrosia, W. Carmania, S. Indian Sea, E. Gambaia or Guzurat in India, a barren place, affording onely Nard, and Myrrhe, but a poor Village is the chief City.

6. In poor Drungiana, S. Gedrosia; is 1 Prophthasia now Sistan. 2 Sige or Sigestan, 3 Mulebet, 4 Pharazada. 5 Arvada.

7. In Despicable* 3.39 Arachosia is no place memorable; but 1 Alexandria now Cabal at the foot of Taurus. 2 Sin.

8.* 3.40 In Para Pomismus, N. Bactria E. India, W. Ana, dark with hills; is 1 Candabor, the Metropolis of great trade, by reason of the Scituation of it on the borders of India.

9. In Aria, W. Parthia, E. Para pomismus, where is in some places a strong wine that will keep colour, and tast eighty years, something like Myrrhe and Saphyr: there are now only, 1 Heri or Eri on the banks of Arias, called the City of Roses, very strong. 2 Sasuar.

10, In Parthia, E. Aria, W. Media, N. Hyrcania, S. Carmania, now Arach, nothing but sand, unless it be under the woods, where are things for necessity, none for riot; the people slavish, nimble horse-men, and Archers: the Country not passable for the Sands, were it not for Caus-wayes and Castles at each three miles end; are 1 Hispan* 3.41 raysed out of the ruines of Hecatompyle, called by the Inhabitants, Half the World; nine miles round in a plain with Gardens, Baths, and Mosches,

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and a cloystered quadrangular market place, well stored with Merchandises, and Drugs; in the quadrangle whereof they use horse-races, and other warlike exercises. Jelphea on the other side the River, inhabited by Armenian Christians for a great Poll. 3 Croom, a large, pleasant, and healthy place on a Riveter. 4 Casham, rich and well built, and filled with Artizans in Silks, Sattins, Cloth of Gold, and Carpets; adorned with a beautifull Caravans Raw to entertain strangers. 4 Tangaunt where the King of Persia hath an incomparable House, for Gardens, Groves, Ecchoes, and Labyrinths, &c.

11. In Hircania, S.* 3.42 Parthia, N. Caspian Sea, E. Mergeana; the people of which place starve their Parents at seventy years of age; fruitful in pasture, wheat, wines, figs, and other fruits; full of Forrests, and those Forrests full of Panthers, Leopards, Lyons, Tygers, &c. Is 1 Hyrcania Hyrcan. 2 Ashoraffe two miles from the Sea in a spacious plain, containing two thousand houses, adorned with two great Pallaces, the Furniture of one of which was valued by a Merchant at twenty millions. Farabont, on a navigable branch of the Caspian Sea, well-traded, especially by Muscovy Merchants, or Silks, whose ships come from the Volge, which dischargeth it self into the Caspian Sea by seventy mouths in March and return in July; it being from thence to Astracan but ten dayes sail; famous for its Gardens, a Pallace, and a Market-place. 4 Chiachoporo on a River, the water whereof is for eleven months sweet, and for the twelfth salt. 5 The well-watered and wooded Barfrushder and Omoal resorted to by People of seven Tongues. 6 Stava, a Town of great Traffique for raw silk. 7 Mesander, whence the Province Mesandrum.

12. In Sandy Morgiana, W. Hyrcania, E. Bactria, N. Tartary; besides huge Vines as big as a mans middle, with clusters of Grapes two cubits long, of Noahs planting, as it is thought here; and the City Alexandria,

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now called Indian; the chief place in the Country neer which is Jasonium on the confluence of Margus.

13. In Bactria the greatest part whereof S and W. is nothing but sand, which is travelled only in the night but towards the River Oxus, plentiful in wheat, and all grain except Olives, rich Mettals, and some Precious Stones, as Emeralds, Chrysolites and Jacinthes: is 1 Bactria at the foot of the hill Sogdii now Bochor, the Metropolis well fortified and stored. 2 Istigias, the pleasantest City in the East. 3 Eucratidia, Alicodra, Charra Charta, all these under the Persian Sophi, except here and there some places taken by the Turks, and others under the Muscovite and Portugez; the first whereof manageth the Trade of the Caspian Sea, and the latter, that of the Southern Ocean.

XXIX Tartary, E. China, and the Streights of Anian, W. Russia and Podolia, N. Scithicke or Frozen Sea, S. China, and the great wall that parts them, containing five thousand four hundred miles from E. to W. and three thousand six hundred from N. to S. from the sixth climate, till they cease measuring by climates; the dayes being in some places six months, and the nights as long, reaching from fifty degrees of Longitude, to one hundred ninety five, and from forty of Latitude to eighty, i. e. within ten degrees of the Pole it self: The people swarthy, squat, swift, vigilant, hardy, whining when they talk, and howling when they sing; men-eaters, drinking Mares milk, riding Oxen. That Christianity that is there planted by St. Andrew, and St. Philip, and over-run with Nestorianism; thought by Genebrard to be the Off spring of the ten Tribes: Hath,

1. In Tartaria Precopensis or minor, abounding in Camels, Horses, Oxen, Sheep and Goats, Venison in in their Forrests, and Fish and Fowl in the Fens of Maeotis, with a temperate ayre, about ninety nine Italian miles long, and sixty three broad: on the Rivers Boristenes and Tanais, arising in Russia in Mosco, in the chief City, of which there are 50000 Tartar horses sold yearly; besides that these people with roots, cheese and garlick, eat horses flesh, each Bowman carrying two horses with him to the wars, one for service, and the other for meat.) 1 Caffa neer the Streights [Sterto de Caffa] a flourishing Empory, with a capacious haven, commanding the trade of the Euxine. 2 Preceph. 3 Wel-traded and harboured Corsunum, now Sari Germanum, from the yellow earth thereabouts like Saffron. 4 Wel-fortified. Crim (whence Crim Tartars commanding the Euxine, and Lake of Maeotis. 5 Panticapaeum, on the Vospero or Bosphorus. 6 Tanas on Tanais, frequented by the Merchants of all Nations on the Euxine under the Turks. 7 Ruinous, but high Ingirmenum. 8 Oizakow, the residence of the Cham, whose Court in Summer time makes a moveable City of Wheele-houses, called Agara, or the town of Carts neer Podolia in Poland, and part of Muscovy, under the protection of the Grand-Seignior, who recommanded one of the Chams to be King of Poland, in a letter to this effect, that their Pope should be his Pope, and their Luther his Luther, and that he would not put them to the charge of housekeeping, for he could eat horse-flesh.

2. In Tartaria deserta, W. Precopensis and Russia, E. Zagathai, N. Frozen Sea, S. Euxine, and Caspian; so fruitful, if the Tartars (that laugh at us for living on the top of reeds; so they call our bread) say true, that for once sowing Mill and Punicum they have without any tillage three Returns of both; Few Cities, (they roving with their herds, as the grass holds capable of Merchandise, having a fair sea coast, several Bays, Havens, and navigable Rivers, only Mountains, on the top of which the Sun shines when its night in the Valley) saving 1 Locoppa. 2 Conice, Phanogoria, St. Georges on the Bosphorus and Rha, neer which on both sides there is a medicinal root called Rha Pontiche, to distinguish it from Rha-Barbarum or Rhubarb. This tract inaccessible. 3 Bolgar on the River Volga, neer which is the greatest herd of Tartars, called Horda Magna. 4 Scharaishe on the other side of the Volga, where is no money but brass, no corn but roots troublesome to Muscovy, who pacifieth them with presents, yet keeping continual Garrisons at Casan, Astrachan, and Wiatra, least they should disturb the Russia trade in the Caspian Down the Volga, as they go up and down in herds following the Pole-star, but keeping close for fear of the Muscovite; much delighted in Negromancy and Conjurations under the Cham of Chathai; their delicacies are mice, serpents, and other wormes, and their mansions Caves.

3. In Zagathai, E. Cathai on the other side of Imaus, N. Frozen Sea, S. Caspian and the River Oxus, between it and Persia; is 1 Drepsa on the Oxus: as is 2 Oxiana. 3 Maruca. 4 Alexandria. 5 Tribarra, not considerable among such a* 3.47 wandring people. 6 Zabaspia, an eminent town, by reason the Inhabitants thereabouts are civil and industrious, good mechanicks, well skilled in manufactories, and very seldom without a great confluence of* 3.48 Merchants, trading on the River Daix, and the mouth of the Oxus. 7 The magnificent Mara-Canda. 8 Well-traded and populous Bichend; and 9 in the wild Turcestan Calba, Ocerra and Crustina on the Lake Kitay, much frequented by Russian and Tartarian Merchants sayling thither by the River Ob, for Bevers, Sables, Seil-skins, &c. and not far hence are the Savage Scythians.

4. In Cathay, W. Zagathi with Imaus, between E. Sea and China, S. India, N. Tartaria Antiqua, extending from the North Sythia extra Imaum to the South India Extra Gangen nine hundred and sixty miles, and from E. to W. one thousand five hundred, abounding Eastward with Wheat, Rice, Wool, Hemp, Silk, Musk, and Rhubarb on the banks of Volga; besides Camels hair, Chamlets, and such a numberless number of horses, as that they sent eighty thousand at one time for a present to the King of China; and the great Cham feedeth yearly ten thousand white Mares for their Milk; the Air very hot in summer, and very good in winter, subject to wonderful thundering, earth-quakes & winds: their Cham not to be seen without purgations or washing; are 1 Cambala, or Cham's pleasant seat of free-stone in the heart of the Country on the River Palysanga, navigable from the Eastern Ocean thither, whither it conveys a great store of Merchandises and Merchants, and among other Merchandises, ten thousand Cart-loads of Silk from China. Twenty eight miles round, containing among other Inhabitants, Fifty thousand Astrologers. 2 Xandu, the Emperours Pallace, containing eight quadrangles one within another, the least two miles in compass, between whose several walls are Walks, Gardens, Orchards, Fish-ponds, Parks, Forrests, Chases, &c. 3 Fair Caraio and Gouza, where the women are said to guild their teeth. 4 Careanfean, where is the herb called Chiny-Cathaii, an ounce whereof being valued worth a sack of Rhubarb; not far from hence in Serica you may barter their Silks for trifles, for like Quakers they make but one word.

Especially, at 1 Sera. 2 Ottocora. 3 Issedon. 4 Orosana; and 5 Donata: Here and in Scythia extra Emaum, they made carousing cups of their Fathers skulls; where 1 Hiachan is a great Mart. 2 Cialis, a great Court. 3 Succuir, famous for Merchandise. 4 Campion, where if the woman offer her self to the Priest, he thinks it a sin to refuse lying with her, besides other barbarous, desolate, idolatrous, and inchanting provinces and Cities, onely in East Tartary, there are Castors, Martrois, and Zibellons, and other precious skins, besides Horse hair, and the root Ginsen, with which they traffick at Leatony, a Province N. E. of China: of Tartaria Antiqua, you may be sure nothing remarkable, since they are so barbarous, that they will marry no Virgins, but such as have been prostituted by their Mothers to the Merchant-strangers, who bestow on them Jewels, and she is the most acceptable to her husband, who brings him the greatest reward of her shame.

XXX. China, E. Oriental Ocean, W. India and Cathay, N. Altas,* 3.49 and East Tartary, from which divided by a chain of hills, and a great wall extended four hundred leagues in length. S. Cauchin-China, a Province of India three thousand leagues about, one thousand eight hundred leagues long, reaching from 130^th to 160^th degree of Longitude, and from the Tropick of Cancer, to the 53^d degree of Latitude; lying under all the climes from the 3^d to the 9^th; hot, but healthful: so fruitfull, that it yieldeth three harvests a year, of Wheat, Barley, Rice, Wool, Cotton, Olives, Wines, Flax, Silk, besides their Pearls and Bezoar, all kind of Metall, Fruits, Cattle, Sugar, Honey, Rhubarb, Camphire, Ginger, and all kinds of Spices, medicinal wood, called China Wood, Muske, Salt, Poultrey, especially* 3.50 Ducks, whereof in one town, thirteen thousand eaten one day with another. The people well-set, middle-sized, gluttonous, but cleanly, not touching their meat with their hands, but eating with two Ebony sticks, whence silver Forks used first in Italy, and then in England. Skilful in Manufactories, the Son being bound to follow his Fathers Trade, witness, PRINTING, and GUNNING, its thought first invented there. Porcellan dishes, curious carvings, and their fine painted works in Tables, Leathers and Stuffs, whereof they are so proud, that they say they have two eyes, the Europeans one, and the rest of the world stark-blind: the Women very modest, reserved, and much watched by their Husbands, having invented them a pinching fashion of shooes, that they might have no delight to walk abroad. The Inhabitants reckoned one hundred and seventy million by Sea and Land; the Sea for three hundred leagues from Nanquin to Paquin, being but one street of Ships, wherein they buy, sell, are born, and dye. The People multiplying, because they make no War but Defensive, and are forbid to go out of their

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Country. Their Religion Gentilisme, with some remainders of Christianity, planted there by St. Thomas. Here are five hundred ninety one Cities Uniform, most on one of their seven* 3.51 Navigable Rivers, whereof the most Eminent are;

1 Qunsoy or Suntren, on the West of China neer Cathai, formerly an hundred miles round, with a Lake in it thirty miles about, containing six hundred thousand Families of Artificers. 2 Ʋnguen and its Sugars. 3 Nanquin on the great River Kuni, thirty miles round, with twelve thousand Ships before it, nine leagues from the Sea; two hundred thousand houses. 4 The Royal City Paquin, walled so thick with brick, that twelve horse-men may go abreast upon the wall of it. 5 Canton or Quamchen, (where is one Herb that is all the Physick of China.) On a Navigable River where the Portugez drive a wealthy trade in the day time, being shut out at night; whereupon they have setled their Mart at Macao, the Port-town to this. 6 Xaokin on the like River. 7 Zuchean, the centre of Merchandise. 8 Hamseau or Hanychen on the Northside of the River Cinithany, within two days Journey of the Sea, affording trade to all the Northern parts of China. 9 Stately Fochea. 10 Coluns, and its best Porcellane. 11* 3.52 Scianchai seated in a Country that looks like one Orchard within twenty four hours sail of Japan, a great Mart and Harbour, where two hundred thousand persons work in Cotton. 12 Chinchiamsu, on a River that never freezeth. 13 Suarchea, the onely Southern Port of China. 14 Caiton or Caisuuy on the River Kiamy a good harbour destroyed 1642. 15 The convenient Haven Kaianchen on the Southside of the River Croc•us. 16. Chatking. 17 Taitung. 18 Nancheny, besides the two Isles Corea, and Cheunan.

XXXI. India, E. China, W. Persia, N. Tartary, with Taurus between, S. Sea; extended from the one hundred and sixth, to the one hundred sixty ninth degree of Longitude; and from the Aequator to the

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forty fourth degree of Northern Latitude: affording a double encrease, and blessed with Mines of Gold, Silver, and Precious Stones, with Mettals of all kind, except Copper, and Lead; and Cattle, except Horses, and Fruit, except Wheat and Vines; all Spices, Civets, and medicinal Drugs; besides that, it is famous for all sorts of Camels, Parrats, Apes, Dragons, Serpents, Rhinocerats, and Elephants: The Inhabitants, 1 Indians. 2 Moors. 3 Jews. 4 Tartars. 5 And Merchants-Portugez, Spaniards, English or Dutch: Civil, plain-dealing, proud only in Perfumes, and Jewels, (living on Barley, Rice, Milk, Honey, &c.) The women in Lawn, so fond, that they dye with their husbands, that bought them for a Yoke of Oxen; though they have a barbarous custome, that the Brach-mans or Priests should lye with them the first night they are married; and that of killing their Friends before they are aged. Ten Mountains of Note for precious Stones. Two Rivers, 1 Indus now Naugrocat, falling after a course of nine hundred miles into the Sea in seven months. 2 Ganges eight miles broad in the narrowest place. On this side which is called India intra Gangem. E. Gulf Bengala, W. Persia, and Arabian Sea, N. Taurus, S. Cape Commari; having eighteen or nineteen Rivers, discovered after three attempts by the Portugez, while the Spaniards were busie in making a discovery of the new World, 1502. Fifteen Provinces, and forty seven Kingdomes under the great Mogul.

1 Dulsinga, S. Cambaia, N. Tartary, E. Indus, W. Persia,* 3.53 temperate where 1 Healthy Chusmair in a most delicate and rich valley. 2 the Fort Roree. 3 Sestan. 4 Multun, three leagues from the Indus, the ordinary through-fare of the Caravans in the way from Labor to Spahan, forced to stay there four dayes to enrich the town: good for nothing but Bows and Arrows. 5 The Fort Duchee in the Streights of the mountains to secure the Caravans.

2. Over against Dulsinda Pengab, where 1 is Lahor, on the Eastern banks of the Indus, the chief Staple for Spices, carried by land to Persia, and by water to Europe. 2 Sultan Puarre. 3 Athec, in the way you come from Lahore to China.

3. Mountanous Mandao, N. Pengab, where 1 Mandao on the River Mandavo of good note, eighteen miles round. 2 Moltan, where the women go booted and spurred.

4. Thievish Delly, and its swift Dromedaries, W. Mandao; hath 1 Delly, a great City of pleasure. 2 Doceti. 3 Tremel, on the W. River Mandova.

5. Well-watered, and rich Agra, N. Delly, and Mandao; where 1 Agra, strong and populous on the North bank of the River Jemena. 2 Decayed Fate-pore, or Feti-barri. 3 Impregnable Hendee. 4 Biani, where the best* 3.54 Indico; for the making whereof here are twelve Mills.

6. Sanga, N. Agra, 1 Azmor, one hundred eighty miles from Agra, at each three miles end, of which there is an Inn built for Pilgrims. 2 Citor, in the middle way between Surat and Agra.

7. Cambaia, E. W. Welly and Manda•, S. Sea, where 1 Insinda the first Province thereof is 1 Lawribander in the out-let of Indus, three dayes journey from Geta Negar Tutta (on the banks of the Indus, a town of great trade, frequented by Portugez, who return Pepper for such Indian Commodities as come hither from Lahore) to which it is the Port-town; much frequented, because free from wormes, which about Surat disable the ships. 2 Sarrama the middle Town. 4 Nuraquimire, beyond a* 3.55 desart. 5 Radempoore neer it. 6 Calwalla, given the women to bring up their Daughters to Dance.

2. In Robbing Guzarate, N. Sinda. S. Sea, E. Indus, W. Persia. 1 Diu, looking towards Persia, in the mouth of the Indus, possessed by the Spice-Traders of Portugal; the first news of the taking of which was brought to to Lisbon by Jo. Botelius from India, in a Vessel of eighteen foot long, and six foot broad. 2 Boldra. 3 Medabat, on the Rivers side as big as Paris, much frequented by all Merchants. 4 Ardovat not far from it. 5 Saringa. 6 Poriana. 7 Sherfo, the Sepulchre of their Kings.

3. In Cambaja, N. Mandao, S. Decan, Surat, W. Sea, abounding in Rice, Wheat, Sugar, Spices, and choice fruits of all sorts, great store of Silk and Cotton, Diamonds, Chalcedonies, Onyx-stone, and Cornelines, or as we call them Cornelians; and the rare Beast Abades, twice as big as a Bull, with an impenetrable skin, and a little horn on their Snouts. Where the people never marry out of their own Trades or Tribes, especially the Banians who are kind of Pythagoreans. 1 Cambaja, three miles round, and from the Indus. 2 Barrocho, S. of it where good* 3.56 Calicoes. 3 Welfortified and orcharded Surat, with its Pomgranates, Melons, Figs and Lemmons, the residence of an English Factory, that hath a great trade in the Bay of Swalley, ten miles off. 4 Neriand and its Indico. 5 Daman, a pleasant town of the Portugez, upon the Sea-side over against Diu. 6 High and impregnable Campanel and Dacaiotote. 7 Netherby and Bandore, great Markets for Brazen ware, Beasts, and Armour. 8 Decan, N. Cambria, W. Sea, on the Sea-Coast for two hundred and fifty miles. 1 Decan, and the rich and well-guarded* 3.57 Diamond-hill neer it. 2. Bider, a Royal City Northward. 3 As Visapore was. 4 Danagur. 5 Sintacora, on the mouth of the River Aliga. 6 The great Empory Goa, fifteen mile round in the Island Ticuarinum over against the out-let of Mandavo, one of the Keys to the Indies, possessed by the Portugals. 7 The Sea-town Chaul theirs too. 8 The beautiful and well-traded town Brampore, on a great River like London, not far from the strong sort Syra.

9 Canara, N. Decan, S. Malabar, W. Sea hath 1 Melinde. 2 Onor. 3 Patticalia. 4 Mangalor all Ports of good trade for Sugars, Figgs, Corn held by the Portugez. 5 Lispor and its quarries of Adamant. 6 Solset, and its Peninsula.

10. Malabar, N. Canara the River Gangeraco between E. Narsinga, and the mountain Gates between, S. W. Sea, plentiful for Ginger, Cinnamon, Cassia, Pepper, and the Dates that yields Wine, Oyl, Sugar, fine Cloath, and Cordage; and another bearing Cotton, Cypress, and cobweb Lawn, the leaves Sattin and Taffata, besides Apes, Monkeyes, Parrats, and Paraquitoes. 1 Connor, in the Province of Connor, with a fair and capacious haven, much frequented by Merchants, especially Portugez, who have a Citadel here. 2 Cora, 3 Peripatum. Marabia. 5 Main. 2* 3.58 Calicute, in the Province of Calicute on the Sea three miles, a place of great trade, where the Eastern and European Merchants meet. 3 Chale, a Fort. 4 Chatua. 5 Purtangale. 6 Tanor. 3 Cranganor, commodious for trade, at the mouth of a River in the Province of Cran Ganor on the S. of Calicate, full of St. Thomas's Christians. 8 Cochin, a well-traded, and well-havened town in the outlet of Mangat, in a Province of that name, S. Cranganor forty leagues on the shore. 9 Caicholam, a much frequented Port-town in Caicolam. 10 Caulan neer Caicolam, with its commodious haven much resorted to by forreign Merchants for Pepper and other Spices. 11 Quilacor in Trevandor, whither the Kings of that place after twelve years Reign go, and on a Scaffold cut their Noses, Eares and Lips, and at last their throats.

11. Narsinga, S. Trevancor, E. Gulf Bengala: here is 1 Cael neer Trevancor, where they fish for Pearl. 2 Golconda. 3 Chamdagrin, a seat-Royal. 4 Perepoi, where at an yearly feast they offered two hundred thousand Crowns. 5 Madura. 6 Chadamburam. 7 Maliaper, or St. Thomas re-peopled, with a Colony of Portuguez. 8 Choromandel, a place of Trade, giving name to all the Sea-coast about it on the west side of the Gulf of Bengala. with Casta, Negapatan, Tarnassari, desolate Bisnagar, and Royal Narsinga, where the women desire to be buried alive with their Husband:

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Et certamen habent lethi, quae viva sequaturConjugium; pudor est non licuisso mori:Ardent victrices, & praebent pectora flammaeImponunt{que} suis ora perusta viris.

12. Oristan, S. Narsinga, Botanter, E. Gulf of Bengala, a fair Sea-coast of three hundred and fifty miles in length, i. e. from Cape Guadarino between it and Narsinga to Cape Leogorae between it and Bengala. 1 Orissa, on the Sea side, well traded for Rice, Cloth of Cotton, the Stuff Yerva like Silk; together with long Pepper, Ginger, Mirabolins, &c. 2 Royal Cateoba. 3 The weltraffiqued Port Angeli, at the bottom of the Gulf of Bengala. 4 Poor Bacola.

13. Botanter, S. Onstan, W. the sacred River* 3.60 Guenga, E. Ganges, where the people have ears of a span length, never washing for fear of defiling the water; where is Bottia, Clamur-Kukares (a Staple for the sale of their Cloath to the Chinois, and Tartarian Merchants)* 3.61 Couche, where they kill not their Cattle, but keep Hospitals for them when they are old.

14. Patanau, N. Botanter; 1 Large, but thatched Patane. 2 Holy and Pilgrim Bannaras on the holy Ganges. 3 Siripur.† 3.62 4 Ciandecan, on the bottom of the Gulf of Bengala. 5 Satagan.

15. Bengala, N. Patanaw, E. Pegu, S. W. Gulf of Bengala on the Gulf and River three hundred and sixty miles long hath 1 Bengala on the Ganges, rich in trade for Silk and Cotton, long Pepper, Ginger, Sugar, Wheat and Rice; the people subtil and skilled in Phylosophy, Physick and Astronomy: richer in Pilgrimages to the Holy Water of Ganges, with Gatigan, a well-traded port in the bottom of the Gulf of Bengala. 3 Taxada, decayed in trade by an alteration in the Channel. 4 Porrow Grande, and Porror Pequeno, two Lawless Asylums, with the Islands Basse, Cainam, Islas de Pracel, where was reported such store of Adamants, as drew ships thither, if they were not pinned with wooden pins.

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2. In India Extra Gangen, or the continent beyond Ganges* 3.63 is 1 Brama, W. Ganges, N. Cathay in Tartary, E. Cauchin-china, S. Pega, now Barma, rich in mines of Gold and Silver; Rubies and Musk much traded to by Portugez: and there 1 Calam. 2 Bacan. 3. Meranda. 4 Melinta. 5 Prom. 6 Ava. 7 Tangu, and 8 Brama, where is the tree called Moses, which they take to be the Tree of Life.

2 Cauchinchina, W. Brama, E. China, N. Tartary, S. Camboia, rich in Aloes, Silks, Taffata, and other Stuffs, Gold, Silver, Porcellane earth, wrought into China-ware (well counterfeited among us by drawing a white crust on our Potters Earth) Powder, Guns, where is the City Cauchin-china, on a River of China, running into a capacious Bay, with the Island Almo, where they fish for pearls, commanded by Portugez

3 Camboia, N. Cauchin-china abounding in Elephants, and Rhinocerots or Abades, Aloes, Gold, and the sweet-wood Calumba, where is the well-traded City of Comboia, on the River Mecon, as the Staple for the Commodities of this Country. 2 Cudurmuch on the same River. 3 Coul on the sea-side.

4 Jangoma W. Pegu, E. Camboia, N. Brama, S. Siam, a barbarous place not observable.

5 Siam, N. Jangoma and Pegu, E. S. W. Sea, a Peninsula, called formerly the Golden* 3.64 Chersonesse, rich in Gold, Silver, Tin, &c. Pepper, Elephants and Horses. 1 Malaca, a noted Empory for the space of two hundred and seventy miles, especially at the City Malaca on the River Gaza, unwholesom indeed, but of great trade for Spices, Oyntments, Gold, Silver, Pearls, and precious stones, especially since the Portugals removed the trade from Sincapura, a Mart neer the Promontory Magnum hither. 3 Palo Zambilan, whence to Sincapura, about the Southern Cape, called Cape Liampo, two hundred and seventy miles. 2 Johor and Patane, the Queens whereof have been so kind to the English and the Dutch, as to permit them Factories there, 1612.

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3. Siam, particularly so called, where is, 1 Socatus. 2 Quedoa, and the best Pepper. 3 Tavai, Lugor on the Sea-side.* 3.65 4 Siam, commodiously seated, and much frequented for trade, and Merchandise on the River Menam.

4. Muantay, between Jangoma and Siam, memorable for the third Empory of the Indies Odia or Ʋdie on the Banks of the River Caipumo, where two hundred thousand Skiffs and Shallops, attend to waft people from place to place.

6. Pegu, E. Jangoma and Siam, N. Barma, W. S. Gulf of Bengala, where besides 1 Verma. 2 Machin, where neither Port nor Haven; is, 3 Orachan, in which Province is; 1 Dianger ruined. 2 Sundiva, in an Island well fortified. 3 Arrachan, on a capacious River thirty leagues distance from the Sea. 4 Martavan, with its chief City Martavan, rich in Rice, Iron, Lead, Steel, Brass, Silver, Gold, Sugar Canes, and other woods odoriferous, and medicinal, scituated on a capacious Haven all the year open; and what is rare, here free from Sands, even in the winter time. 5 Pegu, lying like a Crescent on the Gulf of Bengala, eminent for Rubies, Civet-cats, Lacca (Gum made by Ants there, as Wax is made by Bees here) Elephants, and the best Parrats; the people whereof say, they were begotten between a Dog and a China Woman cast on the shore. Here are 1 Woody Cosmi. 2 Jocabel. 3 Dian. 4* 3.66 Coilan. 5 Lanagon. 6 Silvan pede. 7 Meccao, (where such goods are unloaded as are carried by land to Pegu) with its strong Castle. 8 Siriang, a strong place in the mouth of Pegu, on whose Banks most of the foresaid places lye; as doth the most beautiful, rich, and well-traded Pegu, in the Old part whereof the Merchants live, as the King doth in the New; most of these places under Kings of their own, that daily make war upon one another, but the greatest amongst them is, the rich, and absolute Prince, the Mogul.

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XXXII. The Oriental Isles:

1. In the heap of Isles, containing fifty three Kingdoms, two hundred leagues; S. on the Sea called Japan, where the people are cunning, ambitious, implacable, hating idle recreations; eating in Physick sharp salt, and raw things; using in salutations to put off their shooe: is 1 Meaco, the common staple of Japan. 2 Ossacy, of great trade. 3 Feno-Jama their University and Banoum. 4 Bongo. 5 Cora, where at least one tooth of their Kings must be interred. 6 Amanga Sequi. 7 Surungo, as big as London. 8 Edoo and Firando, where 1613 there was a Factory setled for the English Merchants. 9 The noted Haven Ochino-famanus.

2. The* 3.67 Philippines, and the neighbouring Islands S. of Japan, rich in Rice, Pulse, Honey, Wax, Sugar-Canes, the best Figs in the world, Cotton-wool, Mines of Gold, and other Mettals; plenty of Fish, Birds and Beasts: where forty containing a million of people, are under the King of Spains Government, and under his Vice-Roy in New-Spains Jurisdiction: As 1 Lusson with Manilla, a commodious Haven town. 2 Tandair, very fruitfull. 3 Mindano, three hundred and eighty leagues round, where 1 Cailon, Pavados, Sabal, and Dapiro, and westward the Lequins; and Hermosa, lately called New-Holland, because taken, planted, and strongly fortified by some Adventures of that Country; Ciumbabon, where is the* 3.68 Plant-animal.

3. The burning seven* 3.69 Isles of Bandan, where are the best Nutmegs growing like Peaches or Malacatoons, where are Dutch Factories, and some English Merchants, the place being yielded to the Protection of King James, November 24, 1620, both the Dutch and we taking advantage of their divisions, though they are more inclined to us than the Dutch.

4. The innumerable Moluccoes hot on both sides the Aequator, affording Cinamon, Ginger, Nutmegs, Mastick, Aloees, Pepper, and especially Cloves growing on trees like Bay-trees, which after the white and the

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green blossoms when they smell extraordinarily fragrantly, yield red and hard ones; which are Cloves so hot, that in two days they will* 3.70 dry up a pail of water standing in the room where they are sorted; the most remarkable of them are Tidor, Terenate, Macir, Rachtan, Machian, Botone, Poleroone and Poleway; in the former whereof the Dutch have three Forts and Factories to the Spaniards one; the two last are the Englishes, surrendred December 23, 1616. by right, the first the best in the world for Cloves, and the latter for Nutmegs, which the Dutch seized, cutting down the Clove-trees, and the Nutmeg-trees, when they were to restore them to the English.

5. The Many Selebes, as 1 Selebes properly so called, where Cian or Sion. 2 Nebon, N. and Terelli, S. 3 Gilolo, or Del-moro, well stored with wild hens, and a kind of Shell-fish that much resembleth Mutton; and the Tree Saga, which affordeth them bread and drink. In the chief town whereof Batchame or Batachina, there is a Dutch Fort to defend their Factory.

6. Amboyna, S. of the Aequator, fertile in Rice, Citrons, Lemmons, Orenges, Coquo-nuts, Sugar-canes, and Cloves, &c. Which hot fruits suck the moysture of the Earth, so that nothing else will grow there. Notorious for the unheard of cruelties exercised upon the English by the Dutch 1618 in that place.

7. Macassar, W. Amboyna, S. W. Celebes, six hundred miles from E. to W. plentifull of Rice, Flesh, Fish, Salt, Cotton-wool, Gold, Pearls, Sander a Medicinal wood growing like a Nutmeg-tree, the fruit like Cherries, overgrown with wood; there 1 is Senderem, neer a large Lake, very commodious for Traffick. 2 Macassar, an English Factory; there are other places hereabouts, as Sanguin, Terrao, Solor, &c. but not worth a Description.

8. Borneo, two thousand two hundred miles round, under the Aequator, affording besides necessaries Camphire, Agariche, Adamants; and a people very white

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and honest, that sit not on businesse till the Moon is up, which they take to be the Suns wife, and the Stars their Children: Hath for towns, 1 Borneo, near a goodly Bay, N. W. 2 The Commodious Cities, and fair Havens of Tajopura, Tamoaratas, Maalano, Lavi, Paro, and Sagdana an English Factory.

9. South of Borneo and the Aequator, is* 3.71 1 Java major, three thousand miles round; rich in all Corn, especially Rice, all flesh salted, all sorts of Fowl, plenty of Gold, Precious Stones, Brass of the best kind; Silks, Pepper, Ginger, Cinnamon, and other Spices; the people careless of their words, answering when taxed with it, that the tongue was not made of Bone. The chief Towns, 1 Panacuran, neer a burning hill. 2 Jortam. 3 Ballambua. 4 Passarva. 5 Taban. 6 Taggal. 7 Surrabaia. 8 Catabaon. Unwholesome Bantam of great trade the English, Portugez and Dutch having Factories here; the principal Factory of the English in the Indies. 10 The good Port Agracan. 11 Sura. 12 Situa, about which there is abundance of Pepper.

2 Java minor, not so well yet discovered.

10. Summatra, seven hundred miles long, and two hundred broad on the North of Java major, under the Aequator; the Soil hot and unwholesome, yielding Ginger, Pepper, Camphire, Agariche, and Cassia; besides Honey, Wax, Silks, Cottons, rich Mines, not only of Tin, Iron, and Sulphur, and other Minerals, but of Gold, it being conceived to be Solomons Ophir. The Inhabitants good Merchants, and Artificers, alwayes leading a spare Horse with them to their Mosches, looking for Mahomet to come and ride on him: Here is, 1 Passaman, a town of great trade; but unhealthy as the English know, who have a Factory there. 2 Tecoo, and its convenient Haven. 3 Priamon, all three towns lying in that Country where Pepper groweth. 4 Achen, and the Kings Court. 5 Menantabo. 6 Cambar.

descriptionPage 40

11. Zeiland, Northwest of Summatra, and its woods of Cinnamon, Lemmons, Orenges, &c. wild and tame Fowls and Beasts, especially Elephants, thought by them Paradise, there being an Hill there called, Pico de A•am; the people good Artificers and Jugglers; Here is, 1 Candie. 2 Ventane. 3 Colmuchi, on a capacious Bay, a place of great trade, especially for Cinamon, Gems, Elephants-teeth, &c. well fortified by Portugez, who call it Columbo. 4 Laula. 5 Galle. 6 Tinamaca. 7 Triqui Lemale. 8 Jana Sipatan. 9 Vilassem. 10 Batecolom, neer which Isle, are the Maldivae, and there Maldiva, a well known Empory.

All these places speak the Indian tongue in diverse Dialects; most of the Inhabitants Pagans and Mahumetans, except here and there some Plantations of Christian Converts, by the Spaniards and Portugez.

The End of ASIA.

descriptionPage [unnumbered]

Directions to find out any part or place in this Book, desired or sought for:

FIrst, You must know, that on both sides the Map, are degrees of Latitude, at every ten of which there is a Circular Line drawn through the Map: Secondly, at the top and bottom there are Degrees of Longitude; at every 10 of which, Lines are drawn through the Map.

Now, if you would find any City or other place of Note, look for it in the Table, and there you shall see what Latitude and what Longitude it hath, which finding at one of the sides, and top of the Map, bringing them till they cut one the other, there you shall find the place.

descriptionPage [unnumbered]

Example, I would find this City of London; I look for it in the Table, and there I find it hath 51 degrees of Latitude, and 24 degrees of Longitude; which 51 degrees of Latitude, I find at the side of the Map, and the 24 degree of Longitude towards the top of the Map; then I bring them till they cut one another, and there I find the City: So of the rest, note that the degree of Latitude and Longitude must be brought in a circular line, like unto them that are made at every 10^th degree: Withal, observe that Asia, Affrica and America are divided by the Equinoctial Line, and if above it you fail to speed, repair to that part beneath the Line, and expect a satisfaction answerable to your expectation, and suitable to your inquisition.

descriptionPage 43

The Names of all the known and most remarkable Capes, Ports, Beys, and Isles, Rocks, Rivers, Towns and Cities in Asia, with their Latitude and Longitude.

	La.	Lo.
ABescum	41	49
Abiach	39	67
Abian	13	83
Achaba	12	117
Achan	13	157
Achom	06	130
Achom	06	129
Achsiges	42	118
Acor	29	90
Acsamparo	39	81
Aczu	49	129
Adac	41	83
Adaia	14	84
Aden	13	82
Aden	13	83
Admiralitegt Eyland	74	80
J. do Admirante	15	84
Adu	04	110
Advidt	18	79
Agacio	04	153
Agadwa	14	112
Aiaz	15	84
Aiazo	47	75
Alar	41	81
Alarch	40	70
Alba Zichia	48	73
Alepia	39	70
Aleppo	38	72
Alexandreta	38	72
Alibinili	20	92
Alima	31	109
Amansirifdin	20	83
Amasia	41	68
Amboina	03	160
Ambuar	04	132
Ameida	38	82
Amhiou	37	144
Amny	32	132
Anamir	39	70
Anandole	40	70
Anar	39	91
Anari Mountains	57	121
Anathon	42	112

descriptionPage 44

Ancheo	31	157
Ancosi	48	140
Andegen	49	128
Andemaon	14	129
Andemaon	12	129
Chitre Andemaon	11	120
Andinir	39	101
Andragir	01	136
Angel	23	127
Angreadisi	48	113
Angua	39	89
Anguri	41	65
Anjo	17	137
Anna	29	84
Anna	31	81
Annibi	59	339
Annibi Lake	61	135
Antax	21	79
Antiochia	38	71
Aparis	39	63
Apola	22	95
J. d. Aquada	01	167
Aquarma	18	153
Aquita	38	177
Ar	13	84
Arabia	31	74
Arabia & deserta	29	73
Arabia the Happy	20	85
Aracam	21	132
Aracam	24	127
Araptar	38	78
Araseng	39	91
Arassan	39	114
Arast	41	89
Arcanis	39	78
Archangel	62	67
Ardavat	26	116
Arden	32	74
Aremogar	13	118
Argel	15	86
Argia	31	91
Argistan	38	94
Ariader	41	111
Arigal	04	129
Armadavat	23	113
B. Aror	02	147
Asar	20	89
Asareft	41	120
Ascamparo	39	81
Ascor	40	73
Asia	39	71
Asian	30	110
Assen	48	121
Assyria	39	83
Asum	39	82
Asta.	19	91
Astracan	49	82
Ava flu.	28	132
Avarel	12	145
Avias	41	65
Azach	48	81
Ayaman	27	81

B

Babacamber Lake	41	107
Babamum	02	147
Babelmandel	12	81
Babilon	32	83

descriptionPage 45

Babujones	20	154
Bacanois	13	113
Bacasa	05	145
Bachian	01	158
Bacianchi	49	69
Backanta	43	82
Bacola	23	123
Bacora	31	84
Badaglam	39	117
Badits J.	07	148
Bagiodet	32	84
Baha	23	93
C. Bajador	19	153
Baida	68	110
Baino	04	146
C. Baiso	69	68
Balagna	58	75
Bama	01	140
Bancai	01	135
Bar	28	88
Baraichir	31	99
Baras	02	131
Bardacho	41	162
Bargu	67	145
Baroalor	13	113
Baroche	21	113
Baros	02	137
Barvas	05	134
Basiar	38	120
Basora Streights	23	98
Bassiri	28	98
Batavia	05	139
Batha	01	132
Batecale	13	112
Batoch	31	70
Batochma	01	161
Bay la Baya	13	158
Bedgis	32	112
Bedroch	02	156
Bedu	38	81
Begeerten hoeck	75	103
Beil	29	72
Beisal	31	93
Betis	37	74
Ben	29	99
Bendels	31	93
Bengala	23	131
Bengala	22	132
Berdan	31	82
Berdio	10	134
Bereford	74	95
Beresps	41	81
Berghen	72	78
Beron	26	91
Bestan	39	93
Bexinia	51	80
Biancaon	04	148
Bicanapo	22	129
C. Bicay	07	153
Bicheand	42	109
Bicipuri	19	139
Bigul	41	110
Bilato	01	157
Bilther	29	108
Bingira	23	113
Bingul	41	83
Binhachu	29	140
Biron	32	82
Birusen	32	119
Bisnagor	17	115

descriptionPage 46

Bolli	41	65
Boom J.	04	141
Boratay	40	129
Borneo	04	145
Borneo	03	145
Botton	03	155
Coste Brava	19	153
Braimu	28	94
Brema	52	168
Bremia	21	135
Bronsensko	74	59
Browers Sand	04	139
Brun	88	92
Bubutor	23	72
Buchephala	32	123
Buchio	28	149
Buecho	28	155
Bulgar	53	82
Bungo	32	164
Bungo	31	168
Bunilipatam	18	119
Buorno	07	158
Burgian	39	108
Burro	03	158
Bursia	41	60
Busachi	43	80

C

Caba	48	121
Cabail	31	112
Cabarao	11	158
Cabinees	05	156
Cabis	29	99
Cabona	04	155
J. dos Cabores	12	130
Cabu	11	155
Caburo	01	148
Caciasley Lake	41	114
Cadapam	03	147
Cadilipatam	22	124
Cadissa	31	81
Cagia	48	71
Cagria	41	68
Caitachs	41	84
Calatia	29	104
Calamianes	10	149
Calandua	03	147
Calantagu	06	136
Calami	67	129
Calauro	06	153
Calba	49	119
Caldar	31	80
Caldea	30	81
Calecuth	12	113
Caleture	14	117
Calocota	21	123
Cam	33	99
Camafo	02	160
Camaran	17	81
Cambaia	22	112
Cambalu	57	163
Cambava	07	150
Camdaluys	06	109
Cameni	62	92
Campai	01	135
Campamarin	22	122
Campanael	22	114
Campion	59	147
Camul	58	143
Camultan	31	104
Cana	18	83

descriptionPage 47

Canaa	38	171
Cananor	12	113
Canasie	29	104
Cancirao	07	146
Candachnu	21	145
Candati	38	129
Candesbachens	32	117
Candu	05	111
Canduan	38	132
Canfa	29	118
Canfat	29	119
Canai	08	118
Cannahusi	49	92
Canssiend	39	111
Cant	49	103
Cantam	23	147
Catandanis	14	158
Cantao	23	147
Cantogna	22	99
Ab Canucho Primeiro	11	158
Caor	31	131
Capelle	08	109
Caph	37	104
Caracoll	11	131
Carangaro	05	158
Carasan	41	132
Carassa	43	103
Caraz	28	71
Caraza	42	133
Carchi	18	142
Careb	33	89
J. de Carenouba	10	129
Cargai	38	109
Carguth	53	140
Carigare	21	124
Carli	62	140
Carput	39	73
Carscha	21	80
Cartibut	39	79
Carvi	22	93
Casdar	27	111
Casmi	39	91
Cassan	39	94
Casser	42	131
Castelle	42	64
Castri	38	90
Casusa	32	175
Catacora	63	148
L. Catandanis	14	158
S. Catharina	31	71
Cathaya	59	150
Catsnos	64	65
C. Caudinos	68	65
Cax	41	119
Cay	32	173
Cazan	57	80
Cazan	57	83
Cecir	09	135
Cedu	07	112
Ceiram	05	164
Celebes	01	155
Celebi	33	78
Cenaon	04	163
Centos	49	99
Ceram	03	161
Chabacu	41	77
Chabaque	24	121
Chabul	31	113
Cham	54	82

descriptionPage 48

Chamba	12	144
Chanchim	22	145
Chaquoan	10	143
Charabon	05	142
Chaul	19	112
Cheatehu	41	148
Cheche	40	101
Chechio	43	143
Cheng	41	113
Chequiam	31	154
Chesmias	38	124
Chesolitis	49	109
Cheta	38	138
Chialis	53	132
Chiamay Lake	31	132
Chiambuchi	31	151
Chiamchi	29	153
Chianca	58	171
Chiarga	43	109
C. Chichio	47	160
Chiechia	42	83
Chien	24	153
Chieto	41	73
C. Chigmano	31	157
C. Chilac	08	116
Chilmar	31	91
Chilou	31	151
China	20	140
Chincheo	24	152
Chinchio	39	144
Chind	49	112
Chintane	41	62
Chinis	49	89
Chintecran	28	104
Chiom	03	154
Chipichi	47	78
Chiri	41	77
Chirma	29	98
Chirvan	32	108
Chirva	41	78
Chiseri	42	78
Chochloma	58	77
Choi	18	140
Choria	22	131
Chuch	39	78
Chulifu	49	142
Ciangario	57	168
Ciaohu	38	151
Ciarcian	42	122
Ciarn	48	122
Ciarti	51	138
Ciartiam	51	138
Cibinan	29	104
Cieugient	48	113
Cilno	42	63
Cincopa	49	68
Ciorza	63	144
C. Cipaom	31	139
Ciram	31	108
Circan	31	108
Cirote	28	129
Citar	23	116
Clamiata	31	89
Cochinching	19	139
Cochiuway	40	140
Cocman	41	82
J. Cocos	03	128
J. dos Cocos	17	129
Coilon	42	177
Coiscan	27	94

descriptionPage 49

Coix	19	87
Colchistan	38	110
Colgoy	69	72
Colmak	67	129
Colonita	08	116
Duas Collunas	25	179
Com	41	68
Como	27	101
C. Comori	08	113
Condagari	04	157
Condora	62	80
Condu	37	121
Contihu	38	141
Coorica	51	132
Copa	38	95
Cor	38	102
Cor	17	81
Coral	41	139
Coraran	61	147
Cordel	32	121
Canal D. Cordu	07	109
Core	20	85
Corr	33	161
Corsum	42	102
Cortiza	54	66
Corus	42	103
Cosbas	41	77
Cosmay	48	89
Cossin	67	97
Cossin flu.	63	105
Cossinig flu.	62	106
Costa de prael	17	141
Costaque	28	88
Cotan	14	145
Cotarinsto	03	143
Cotelmes	58	81
Cotelnitz	58	85
Couchine	18	143
Couchin	21	140
Covea	22	147
Coulan	09	113
Coulete	11	113
Coylon	03	166
Cranganor	11	114
Cremuch	43	78
J. D. Cubelin	09	107
Cubens	48	82
Cuchencan	49	151
Cuchia	52	132
Cumbor	28	158
Cui	11	135
Cuova	22	98
Curdi	41	77
Curm	31	121

D.

Dabul	18	112
Daga	40	93
Daga	40	94
Dala	19	132
Damaom	21	113
Damascus	32	72
Damixno	20	112
Damma	06	144
Dampini	04	136
Danra	41	118
Dapito	08	154
Daragati	68	38
Daragsi	28	105
C. Darama	04	112
Daramoi	05	141

descriptionPage 50

Ter. Daru	03	132
J. Daru	04	133
J. Daru	05	167
Davisi	49	98
J. da Day	02	160
Dazia	41	69
Deblee	17	112
Deiser	38	93
Delfare	18	98
Delli	21	117
Denace	29	91
Derbe	43	82
Dern	31	94
Desert	58	130
Desert of Belgian	06	155
Devo	38	174
Defina	61	71
Diamuch	42	110
Diarbes	33	82
Diepe Bay	73	79
Dio	21	110
Diul	21	106
Doan	28	93
J. Dodombre	08	128
Dodon	19	132
Dondengam	02	143
Donko	52	66
Doriswal	59	130
Dosal	33	87
Dostian	23	124
Dulcida	28	102
Durate	01	153
Dwina	61	60
Dwina flu.	62	70

E

Eara	30	70
Easso	47	77
Efeso	39	57
Eigen	38	167
Eilag	49	112
Einga	31	166
Eit	32	81
Elagiar	31	72
Elcatie	24	84
Elforga	24	77
Elget	18	82
El pracel	17	14
Eltaif	24	78
Eltor	29	70
Endras	38	117
Engan	28	109
C. del Engano	19	155
J. Engano	04	134
Enseada	18	142
Enseada d. Nanquin	39	160
Eoqui	38	185
Erbel	38	88
Eremige	09	113
Erex	41	83
Erin	51	126
Erste Hoeck	72	75
Eschinaru	41	103
P. Escondito	18	155
Espunce	42	111
Etaican	41	119
Euphrates flu.	33	78
Euphrates flu.	32	80
Exapoli	51	75

descriptionPage 51

Excehia	42	80
Wms Eyl	02	132
Eylant	70	80
Ezina	60	140

F

Farave	107	41
S. Farn	32	89
Farsi	24	74
Fartach	18	88
Feluavia	33	83
Ferber	39	114
Fexi Jonoxima	31	174
Firushat	31	91
Fischio	38	61
Fitachi	33	176
Flores	07	152
Foia	39	57
Forcades	07	152
Formosa	26	158
Fortona	44	98
J.D.S. Francesco Abrolho	05	87
Francesco Gomez	13	158
Frutach	49	92
J. D. Fuogo	28	163

G

Gaga	22	111
Gaibar	24	78
Gaiga	41	73
P. D. Gallo	07	116
J. de Gamo	03	112
Ganges flu.	29	126
Ganges flu.	32	129
Garpia	09	109
Gebrokenhoek	07	133
Genco	42	77
Gerger	41	73
Germop	40	103
Gest	29	109
Geuben	28	73
Gian	40	102
Giang	40	102
Giend	48	109
Gillibar	02	134
Gillolo	01	169
Gillolo	01	159
Gelula	32	88
Giocbach	18	83
Gion	29	91
Goa	17	112
Goadel	27	102
P. de Godonso	18	118
Gonga	29	92
Gonta	58	147
Gor	40	133
Gori	39	131
Gorar	32	79
Goro	47	77
Gout Bay	76	98
Gouro	31	128
J. des Graes	01	164
J. des Graos	01	165
Grigos	38	60
Grufting	58	116
Grustina	58	110
Gubelaman	18	90
Gubu	18	89
Guefu	48	148
Guegasu	52	163
Guiochio	27	145

descriptionPage 52

Guiro	38	74
Guiulap	38	74
Gulferis	32	91
Guzarata	22	111

H

Halibir	20	79
Heemsthoeck	75	103
Heres	32	92
Ser. Heri	38	103
Herin	32	84
Hermana	28	174
Hermate	01	134
Hiamangari	29	164
Hiamchez	31	144
Hianchoan	32	142
Hiechiga	37	174
Hietch	37	172
Hilam	23	140
Himpim	49	149
Hizium	38	168
Hizu	32	173
Hocheu	49	139
Hoci	48	134
Hoe	48	138
Hoatenhu	41	142
Holanu	41	143
Holiemanhu	31	143
Homine	42	70
Honao	39	148
Hontu	42	134
C. Hoquan	56	147
Hoquay	48	138
Hor	22	98
Hoyam	36	147
Hucheanu	28	157
Huchio	43	142
Hunaon	40	150
Hunchiu	31	150
Huquid	27	151
Huquosan	31	143

J

Jaffa	32	70
Jaffanapatam	10	118
Jambog	27	73
Jambut	24	74
Jancoma	19	134
Janpeur	27	152
Jaqueio grande	27	162
Jaquete	22	107
Jarat	07	163
Jaroslaw	58	66
Jasques	28	95
Idumaea	31	71
Jebel	33	79
Jemeri	27	127
Jeria	48	137
Jerom	53	101
Jerusalem	31	71
Jessed	32	92
Iliam	12	138
Ilhas dos Ladrones	31	176
Imaner	40	94
Imaner	40	98
Imene	24	89
India within Ganges	29	122
India beyond Ganges	27	131
Indian	39	104

descriptionPage 53

Indu	29	113
Indus flu.	27	114
Initusu	41	139
Inquehu	23	147
J.D.S. Johannes	07	154
Jor	02	137
Jorgewitz	58	71
Jorman	57	85
Joughoria	57	108
Ira	12	117
Irmainech	48	91
Os fere Irmanas	08	96
Os tres Irmanos	04	94
Irnim	18	82
Isitac	08	153
Corea Isthmus	41	161
Istiaias	41	112
Jubra	64	78
Jubri	63	78
Jubu	28	151
Junno	37	142

K

Kalmucki	49	91
Karkithay	51	125
Kathay Lake	54	129
Kendori	61	89
Kithaskos	58	117
Koloa	63	67
Koy	05	165

L

Labo	03	129
Labor	23	118
Labor	43	122
Lacaoct	32	148
Laghi	16	84
Laiazzo	38	71
Laikheu	41	159
Lamhionuhu	28	147
Lampaca	22	151
Lanchiou	39	139
Landen	01	143
Langeness	71	71
Langoma	13	140
Langor	12	139
Langor	39	99
Lanuu	37	139
Lapara	05	144
J. D. Laqui	26	160
Larkhen	48	119
Lasculipatam	18	119
Lassa	31	87
Lavona	42	71
Laxa	58	165
Lazama	22	81
Lecehi	52	75
Lem	39	89
Lemsa	62	67
Lepin	59	92
Lequeo minor	22	155
Lequeo pequeno	23	157
Lere	43	101
Lesti	53	67
Levir	08	158
Leuri	33	171
Liamhat	31	147
Liamhat	29	147
Liampo	29	157
Liampon	05	137
Liamu	32	141
C. Lianthon	48	162

descriptionPage 54

Ligor	08	135
Lima	27	88
L. Linga	02	140
Lingnou	31	149
Lohares	28	114
Lominato	09	150
Lonati	47	77
Lop	43	122
Lop	51	139
Lop Desert	52	140
Lori	41	81
Loron	29	87
Loures Bay	71	76
Luavenu	22	143
Luca para	05	158
Lucomoria	60	101
Luconia	17	153
Lugor	08	133
Luhu	41	150
Luicheu	19	145
Luienheu	39	158
Luohiuu	38	152
Lurch	16	142
Luzom	18	153

M

Macao	19	132
Macas	22	148
Macasa	05	153
Machacharees	01	153
Machan	19	133
Machia	01	158
Macran	28	110
Macran	27	106
Madrafaher	21	110
Madura	06	147
Maffa	22	92
Magiarahat	21	90
Maglasen	41	98
Magnesia	39	60
Majacca	07	134
Mal	29	115
Malacca	03	135
B. d. Malaga	09	158
Malagindo	39	79
Malana	03	143
Malatia	39	73
Maliapor	13	117
Maliaque	03	153
Maldiva	03	110
Maldiva	01	111
Malerone	08	117
Malgomzua	71	100
Malmi	38	113
Mamoya	01	153
Manahon	29	87
Mancop	02	144
Mandao	27	117
Mandato	16	157
P. d. Mandato	18	152
Mandos	02	152
Mangalor	13	113
Streto di Manhilla	14	158
Manicabo	02	134
Manicapatan	21	123
Manitta	17	152
Manoda	02	156
Manpado	22	150
Marane	32	94
Marareo	18	133

descriptionPage 55

J.S. Maria	08	135
Marib	18	87
Marmareo	56	89
Marthaban	17	134
Maru	42	103
Marudo	08	148
Masaris	48	98
Masbet	51	82
Mascalat	23	87
Masdaron	41	92
Ilhas. d. Masearenhas	02	90
Masuson	39	99
Matacola	07	119
G.d. Matahambre	17	156
Mataran	06	142
J. dos Matelotes	12	169
Matergua	19	92
J. Maurits	09	152
B. May	13	142
Meac	37	169
Meaco	38	169
Meaos	02	157
Mecca	13	81
Mecca	23	77
Mechender	41	133
Media	39	89
Medina	24	75
Medino	39	98
Meelhaven	71	77
Melaxo	39	59
Meligberit	23	122
Meliolzura	33	74
Menan flu.	29	131
Menigiam	28	95
Merdi	38	81
Meret	41	89
Merglan	43	112
Mesagart	41	94
Mesamar	41	93
Meze	65	71
Miam	31	147
J. d. S. Michael	08	149
Micheuu	39	141
Militan	39	117
Mimeud	33	118
Mindanao	07	156
Mindanao	08	155
Mindora	12	152
Streto. d. Mindora	14	152
Mintam	01	152
J. d. Mirabiles	17	151
Mirgun	13	134
Moga	19	131
Mogalachsu	47	119
Mola	05	164
Moltan	23	115
Molumi	32	155
Monfia	08	73
Mongul	60	150
Monpracem	07	134
P. Montano	01	131
Mora	44	100
Morair	21	89
Mordwa	53	76
More	69	71
Morioherinoso	79	156
Moro	14	134
Moscow	53	66

descriptionPage 56

Mua	02	135
Muchi	21	77
Mugia	39	89
Mugora	19	79
Mugu	43	119
Mulchoder	41	93
Mulon	58	150
Multan	29	112
Mus	39	82
Musadali	31	84
Mussu	39	85
Muxentus	48	128
Muy	23	77

N

Naban	29	92
Nabaro	51	77
Nagata	38	164
Nagajanorda	49	90
Nageara	31	73
Naiam	62	136
Naiman	62	140
Nalobriga	28	171
Nanquu	32	153
Narch	30	122
Narsinga	13	115
Narsinga	14	115
Narsingapatam	19	120
Nasasira	03	149
J. Nassau	03	133
C. Nassaw	90	74
Nastma	32	176
J. Do. Natal	08	78
Natel	40	90
Natuua	04	132
Navigni	37	151
Nayn	19	91
Nedachiu	32	150
Negapatam	11	116
Negoar	11	154
Niachu	32	139
P. Nias	07	131
Nibongs	02	143
S. Nichola	62	64
L. D. Nicuba	08	129
Bara de Nigrais	18	131
Nimerdon	41	98
Nisabul	33	108
Nissa	31	94
Nisu	53	70
J. Noba	01	161
Nocum	32	154
Noquiuu	29	148
Nosuiseme	64	66
Nova Zembla	72	90
Novgorod	58	72
Novi	38	172
Novo	32	83
Nubisat	39	93
Nuca	39	64
Nuga	33	98

O

Obaia flu.	68	92
Obea Castle	68	96
Obia flu.	60	99
Obii flu.	58	122
Odia	14	136
Oelebe	07	117
Oirest	30	100
Ombo	08	156

descriptionPage 57

Onde Seperdeo & â S. pedro	01	101
Onon	14	113
Opagodo	12	117
Orasan	38	110
Orsaoan	36	94
Organci	48	101
Orixa	21	119
Orlo	59	85
Ormus	23	94
Ormus	28	93
Osunu	31	165
Ouro	02	127
Ouro	02	125
Ouro	01	121

P

Pagansi	18	153
Pagasa	47	98
Pahang	03	137
Paiachio	30	141
Paiat	39	63
P. de Paiores	18	156
Palalonga	18	118
Paledeate	13	117
Palhor	20	121
Palialiu	39	138
Palimban	02	138
J. das palmeiras	06	161
Palolimen	41	60
Palu	22	117
Panama	12	153
Panber	42	72
Panens	31	98
Panhum	32	140
Panevasion	17	152
Paniamhu	43	144
C. Panimnitue	47	151
C. Paqui	49	152
Para	33	104
Pargicas	03	156
Paris	41	58
Parmangato	22	108
Pasan	04	131
Pasch	41	98
Pascharu	58	90
Pasgema	01	132
Pasir	27	105
Passay	05	132
Patalgo	08	117
Patane	07	135
Patepane	22	109
Paternoster	07	153
C. Patim	49	153
Patines	04	164
Paxadro	20	115
Pazanfui	57	160
Pedir	04	129
Pegu	20	133
Pegu	21	134
Pehiholm	43	141
Peim	51	136
Pemb	48	134
Pemba	05	74
Penacota	18	119
Pepraes	17	131
Pera	05	134
Pergamo	41	58
Perm	57	95
Persia	38	93
The Persian Gulf	29	99

descriptionPage 58

Perton	38	102
Pesarit	42	121
Pesondo	47	73
Petzora	64	84
Petzora flu.	63	86
Petzorke	71	71
Pigneli	51	136
R. d. Pintatos	19	156
Pipilipata	22	124
Pirichemar	41	91
Pitan	39	127
Pitsana	68	78
Pitzora	69	84
Platagena	41	67
Plessa	58	67
Pochio	39	153
Poco	02	147
Poiassa	62	90
Poin	48	121
Polarim	21	123
S. Polo	17	143
Polopoli	38	68
P. Pomam	10	138
Pommaluco	02	112
Ponciam	06	134
Ponda	07	134
Ponodam	17	156
Pontare	08	155
J. Porcos	03	128
Porion	38	101
Potera	38	62
Potigarara	04	137
Costa d. Pracel	03	133
Primeiro Surgidero	12	158
Projaman	01	133
Puacotia	19	121
Pucavaon	03	143
Puelhas	158	12
Pulo	18	143
Pulo	16	144
Pulo	11	145
Punpa	48	134
Puraqua	07	109
Purgicas	03	156
Purtegal	02	153
Puto Condor	09	141
Puto Hube	09	142

Q

Qualisut	27	153
Quancii	23	144
Quancii	21	144
Quancii	28	143
Quentin	43	154
Quetho	08	108
Queviuhu	27	139
Quianchiu	28	152
Quianhu	29	150
Quianhu	29	151
Quiatechiu	32	139
Quibenhu	19	140
C. Quichio	27	141
Quicheu	29	140
Quicocum	32	171
Quilanchim	32	149
Quinchio	51	149
Quincii	49	160
Quanzay	43	154
Quiqui	01	153
Quitu	38	138

descriptionPage 59

Quoda	07	134
Quor	26	153
Quunliahu	31	177

R

Ra	39	74
Racaim	20	111
C. Rachade	03	135
Rachagi	31	103
Rada	18	85
Rahabi	32	79
G. Rama	22	131
Raofa	42	130
Rarass	28	117
J. Rasa	09	128
C. Ras Algate	23	98
Rastum	38	82
Reama	17	85
Red	18	88
Reis	17	133
Remaier	39	123
Renevi	48	114
Resan	53	17
C.d. Resurrection	07	159
Revick	03	133
Dog Reys Magos	27	161
Rezania	52	70
Risa	48	91
Riso	42	73
Rocha	38	75
Roda	40	83
Roda	40	86
Roere	02	131
Rolinogori	62	66
Rost	41	90
Rostowa	58	65

S

Sabar	48	111
Sabochbar	57	97
Sabunra	11	158
Sacay	32	170
Sachamia	50	118
Sachi	43	118
Sachi	28	149
Sachion	53	141
Sachium	41	154
Sagar	21	81
Sagatin	58	94
Saich	48	140
Sakaden	01	144
R. d. Sal	23	152
Salacut	41	89
Salacay	06	153
Samach	47	109
Samachi	41	114
Samarcha	49	132
Samaria	32	71
Sambilon	08	132
Samoieda	68	93
C. Sanci	49	142
Sancit	42	142
Sandelbos	08	152
Sando	38	175
Sanga	24	117
C. Santo	42	152
Sarachiuch	47	102
Saraitak	41	88
Costin Sarg	71	75
Sarubu	18	87
Satagan	23	128
Satalia	38	63

descriptionPage 60

Satan	24	74
Sava	19	84
Scans Hoeck	71	75
Schio	41	58
Schiraz	31	92
Th. R. Sea	20	73
Seban	48	110
Sebolas	17	133
Sebrui	39	98
Sebsoar	39	99
Sede	32	99
Segena	32	174
Semam	32	153
Serberco	38	112
Serchis	30	120
Sereng	30	105
Serent	41	81
Sermangon	91	119
Sernam	12	135
Serot	05	161
Serra	52	159
Sert	38	85
Servan	41	89
Serus	33	103
Shakasi	51	90
Shaysure	48	100
J. Shilpats	06	163
Siachem	31	121
Siagna	01	135
Sian	14	138
Siarant	31	117
Sibescher	31	89
Sibier	61	100
Sibsar	38	108
Sicabo	26	73
Sichio	39	151
Sidon	32	71
Siduscon	24	110
Siduu	39	143
Do. Sierta	26	176
Sieto	03	130
Sigersul	33	90
Sigstan	31	101
Siler	21	91
Siminan	48	108
Simmuan	42	128
M. Sinai	29	71
Sind	28	111
Sindu	27	108
Sirput	33	91
Sisime	38	173
Situala	22	130
Sleg	49	112
Slohoda	59	81
Smirna	39	59
Soar	23	95
Sobar	38	69
Soesen	03	130
Solamas	39	88
Soldinia	39	90
Solonger	04	135
S. Sophia	48	72
Soptha	33	81
Sotor	05	154
Soutan	21	147
Speriamo	02	137
C. Spiritu santo	03	158
Spresp	38	83
Stingui	59	142
Streight of Sunda	06	137

descriptionPage 61

Stranu	42	86
Strelna	60	76
Streltze	61	76
Strupilicas	62	90
C. Suchi	48	144
Suckdane	01	143
Sucko	59	67
Sucuan	31	157
Sues	30	68
Suiatsteo	57	82
Sumatra	02	133
Sumerlange	08	133
Suminat	31	113
C. Sunteh	47	149
Suocuir	58	148
Sura	38	156
Surate	21	113
Surato	09	155
Susdal	58	67
Suva	02	152
Suvas	41	70
Swarte Hoeck	74	81
Sway	21	148
Swithin	31	157
Syday	19	153
Syr	21	93
Syria	33	71

T

Taba	26	91
Tabacia	22	111
Tacastan	40	120
Tach	28	98
Tacho	26	154
Tachmin flu.	64	115
Tacthen	19	147
Tadmar	31	72
Tagalla	18	133
Tagema	05	154
Taichan	39	92
Taingim	62	143
Taman	02	134
Tamanatos	02	143
Tamara	04	144
Tamasa	12	135
C. Tamasi	42	127
Tamenacerim	02	143
Tana	38	169
Tanacerim	11	135
Tanaxima	29	164
J. Tanay	13	131
Tandura	12	158
Tanedare	07	117
Tangara	41	1•9
Tangchit	49	117
Tangonere	09	119
Tanguth	57	140
Tapuiri	52	107
Tares	48	109
Targana	49	117
Taron	39	91
Tarsus	32	92
Tarrar	61	156
Tarvana	12	138
Taskent	51	130
Taskent	49	130
Tasmoha	48	151
Tauris	41	80
J Tazata	69	131
Teachio	33	151
Tebes nising	31	1•5

descriptionPage 62

Techio	31	149
Teid	23	90
Tema	33	92
Temechio	42	148
C. Tenchio	41	162
Tendiet	48	119
Tenduc	58	165
Tepetuet	43	140
Teras	48	110
Teria	48	138
Termen	42	118
Termena	39	117
Terra alta	08	157
Tesca	21	118
Tesech	29	95
Teste	33	92
Theama	22	78
Thum	38	101
Tiachio	48	141
P. Tiago	08	134
Tianchenoy	48	150
Tianchenoy	48	150
Tibique	27	98
Ticko	01	133
Tidor	01	158
Timar	33	91
Timor	07	160
Tinior L.	01	155
Timibacam	28	158
J Tinhosa	18	145
Tiria	39	62
Tislin	42	80
Tolema	31	133
C. Toncheo	51	152
Tonsa	32	168
Tortosa	37	71
Totma	59	71
Totolli	01	155
Tozichu	31	141
Traja	41	56
Trebisond	42	72
Trenalala	11	117
Treno	17	133
Tricomalo	09	119
Troitz Koy	57	67
C. Troost	74	93
Tuba	04	152
Tuban	05	145
Tucajao	06	134
Tulcatam	39	107
Tulla	52	67
Tumen	58	97
Tumisa	23	88
Tursis	39	103
Tuszara	69	76

V

Vacia	39	84
Vacsisatlan	47	118
Vahulitz	60	85
Valanboam	06	148
Vanas	38	107
Var	21	121
Varcend	40	109
Vari	39	88
Vasa	31	84
Vehe	32	112
Velvaling	41	121
Vergut	48	114
Verm	27	129
Verwinter Hoock	74	104

descriptionPage 63

Vesgirt	42	119
Veubia	39	138
Viatka	59	85
Vich	53	76
Viga	37	168
Villan	38	178
Ulache Hoek	05	136
Undis	39	93
Volga flu.	57	80
Voloari	32	172
Vonchia	19	144
Vora	13	140
Voziam	41	132
Usgetia	59	70
Uslinger hooft	75	103
Usting	61	75
S. Ustinga	62	70

W

Waggats	69	90
Wassilgorod	57	77
Weliki perni	69	95
Weliki poiassa	64	95
Wologda	69	66

X

Xamii	48	142
Xana	32	171
Xanton	42	154

Z

Zacabin	61	156
Zacaria	49	70
Zagathay	47	108
Zahaspa	42	100
Zanzibar	05	73
Zeche Sirach	42	81
Zehel	17	88
Zianbenhu	28	157
Zibit	18	81
Zibith	17	81
Ziden	22	77
Zingir	49	72
Zir	31	107
Zitari	17	117
Zizira	38	84
J Zocotora heres the best Aloes	13	90
Zuich	38	89
Zuza	39	101

1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child.

A General and Particular DESCRIPTION OF ASIA.

ASIA

ASIA is the largest and richest part of the Old Continent, lying on the East of Europe. Some Authors derive the Name from Asia the Nymph, the Daughter of Oceanus, and Thetis the Wife of Japetus. Others from Asius the Son of Manaeus the Lydian.

This part of the World is bounded on the North with the Scythian Ocean, on the West with the Red Sea, the Isthmus of Suiz, the Grecian Archipelago, the Sea of Marmara, the Euxine-Sea, the Sea of Zabache, or the Palus Meotis, a part of the River Don or Tanais, a Line being drawn from the most Eastern

winding of that River to the Mouth of the River Obium, by the Streights of Veigats, in the Frozen-Sea. On the South with the Indian and Arabian Seas. On the East with the Ocean of China, and of the Kaimachites.

It is extended from the first to the 80th Degree of Latitude, not including the Isles lying beyond the Aequator as far as the 11th Degree of Southern Latitude, which makes 5400 Mile; and from the 54th Degree of Longitude about the Streights of the Dardanelli to the 154th, as far as the Streights of Jesso, or Isles of Japan, which contains about 6900 Miles. So that Asia takes up a great part of the Torrid, all the Northern Temperate, and reaches Six or Seven Degrees into the Frigid Zone.

Asia hath had many Pre-eminencies above any other part of the World. The Lord of Nature made choice of it for the Creation of Man; there he deliver'd his Laws by Moses, and his Oracles by many Prophets. It was the Native Soil of the Patriarchs, Prophets, Apostles; yea, of Jesus Christ himself. The rest of the World was peopled by Colonies translated from thence. It was the Seat of the most ancient and powerful Monarchies, viz. the Assyrian, which began in Nimrod or Belus, in 1879. and ended in Sardanapalus, in 3178. 2. The Median. 3. The Persian, founded by Cyrus in 3494. and concluding in Darius Codomannus in 3724. from whom the Empire passed to the Greeks, Alexander the Great having conquer'd him in Three Battles. In after-Ages the Parthians raised a powerful Monarchy, which continued 477, or 478 Years, holding out the Eastern Empire a long time against the Romans. From the Parthians it was removed again to the Persians, with whom it continued, till 'twas almost overthrown by the Turks and Sarazens. But it was recover'd again about the Year 1515. by Ishmael Sophi. There are still in Asia these remarkable and mighty Kingdoms, viz. of the Great Mogul, the Great Cham of Tartary, the Kings or Emperours of Persia, China and Japan, with many considerable Princes, which rule in the other parts of the Continent and adjoining Isles. Not only many wholsom Laws, good Customs, useful Arts and Sciences, had their Original in this Tract of the World; but also several Religions, as Paganism from the Assyrians, Judaism among the Hebrews, Christianity in the Holy Land by the Nativity of our Saviour, about the Year 3947. and Mahometanism in Arabia, by Mahomet the False Prophet, about the Year of Grace 620.

The Air is generally healthful and temperate, according to the different Situations of it. In the Torrid Zone some places enjoy a continual Spring, without such Inconveniencies of immoderate Heat, as are met with in other places in that Zone. It is true, the Air is cold Northward, and in Arabia 'tis something hot; but in the highest Degree very tolerable.

Both the Earth and Water produce a great abundance of all things necessary for Humane Life. They have all sorts of Grain, Wine, Fruits, Spices, Herbs, Physical Drugs, Tame Creatures, Wild Beasts and Fish: Silks, Cottons, Tapestry and Purple Cloaths are made by the Persians; yea, they have a thousand Colours which never fade, which we have none of. Mines of all sorts of Metals, but especially of Silver and Gold, are common among them, which are found in such plenty among the Sands of their Rivers, that they need not be at the pains to dig deep into the Earth for them. They have Diamonds, White and Red Pearl, Rubies, Eastern Carbuncles, and a great many other sorts of Precious Stones. Quarreys of Marble, Jasper, Porphiry, Alabaster, Agates, &c. are very numerous among them. Their Seas, Lakes and Rivers abound with all sorts of Fish; and on the Seashore in several places they find considerable quantities of Ambergrease.

Pearl-fishing is used in several places, but chiefly about the Isles Baharen in the Persian Sea, the Isle Manar upon the Indian Coasts, and at Ainan near China: And these sort of Pearls are much valued, as well as those of Japan, which are some of them red. But more particularly the Diamonds of Narsinga, the Pepper and Ginger of Malabar, the Persian Tapestry, Stuffs of Bangall, the Rubies and Lacca of Pegu, the Toys, the Wood of the Aigle •r Aloes, and Earthen Ware of China, Tea of Japan, Gilliflowers of the Moluccos, Nutmegs of Banda, Saunders of Timor, the Gold of Sumatra, the Camphire of Borneo, Sables of Tartary, Cedar of Mount Libanon, the Coco-Trees of the Maldives, and the Channel of Ceilan are not to parallel'd elsewhere.

The most remarkable Seas of Asia, about the midland, are, 1. The Caspian Sea, which bears several other Names from the Cities and Countries it borders upon, and which hath the same Fish in it as the Fresh Water, tho' the Water of it is Salt. 2. The Persian Gulf. 3. Mare Mortuum, or the Dead Sea, which is more Famous than Great. As to the Seas that encompass it, they have different Names, according to the Names of the adjoyning Countries. The principal Rivers also and Mountains I have set them down in the Tables of the first Tome.

The People of Asia have always been great Lovers of Pleasure and Ease, except some that dwell in the Mountains, and the Tartars. They are not usually so vigorous and active as the People of Europe or Africa.

The Four Principal Religions which are professed among them, are, Judaism, Mahometanism and Paganism, which are much more numerous than Christianity. The Dutch, where-ever they come, propagate the Doctrines of Calvin at the Expence of the other Nations of Europe, neither regarding Honesty or Justice to promote their Trade and Commerce. Mahometanism is embraced by the Turks, Persians, Arabians, Tartars, the Mogul's Subjects, and many other Nations on the Continent, and in some Islands. The Greeks also have their Patriarchs, viz. of Antioch and Jerusalem. There are also several other Schismaticks, as, Jacobites, Nestorians, Copthi, Georgians, Syrians, Armenians, and Maronites. These Diversities of Religion do not hinder, but that almost one half of Asia still live in Pagan Darkness and Superstition.

Asia may be divided several ways. Most of the Ancients do ordinarily divide it into the Greater and Lesser Asia. The Greater Asia contains Sarmatia, Scythia Asiatica, Gedrosia, Drongiana, Arachosia, Sogdiana, Hyrcania, Margiana, Parthia, Persia, Susiana, Media, Albania, Iberia, Coletris, Armenia, Mesopotamia, Assyria, Arabia, Syria, Palestine, Phoenicia, Cappadocia, Cilicia, Galatia, Pontus, Lycia, Pamphilia, &c. The Lesser Asia, or Asia Minor, contains Phrygia, Paphlagonia, Lydia, Caria, Aeolis, Ionia, Doris, a part of Galatia, Bithinia, Caramania, Amasia, Adulca, or Armenia the Less. But the Division which seems to me most natural, and suitable to so vast a Region, is that which some Modern Geographers use, which is into, 1. The Continent. 2. The Isles, according to these following Tables.

ASIA divided in a Geographical Order.

Asia hath two Parts.

1. Continent.

1. In the West

...Turkey.

...Georgia.

...Arabia.

2. In the Middle, Persia.

3. In the North, Tartary.

4. On the East, China.

5. On the South, the Empire of the Mogul. And Peninsula's.

2. Isles

1. In the Ocean Southward,

...Japan.

...Philippines.

2. In the Ocean Eastward,

The Molucco's.

...Sindae.

...Ceilan, Maldives.

3. In the Mediterranean Sea,

...Cyprus.

...Rhodes.

...Metelene.

CHAP. I. A Description of TURKY in ASIA.

CHAP. II. GEORGIA: Or, GEORGIE.

CHAP. III. ARABIA.

CHAP. IV. PERSIA.

CHAP. V. TARTARY, TARTARIA.

CHAP. VI. CHINA, or the Kingdom of the Sinae.

CHAP. VII. The Empire of the GREAT MOGUL.

CHAP. VIII. The Peninsula of INDIA within GANGES.

CHAP. IX. The Peninsula of INDIA, beyond GANGES, or Zirbad.

CHAP. X. The ISLANDS belonging to Asia.

THE Islands belonging to Asia are either in the Ocean, or Mediterranean Sea, or in the Graecian Archipelago. Some of them are subject to the several Kingdoms upon the Continent, others have Kings of their own; as you will find them distinguished in the following Heads.

JAPON. Japonia.

The Isles of Thieves, or The Isles of VELAS.

THE Isles of the Thieves. which the Spaniards call the Isles of Velas, are situate at the farthest Eastern point of the Old Continent, between the 7 and 21 D. of Northern Latitude, and between the 184 and 188 D. of Longitude. They reach from South to North, and make an Archipelagus, called that of S. Lazarus, which separates the Eastern Ocean from the South, or Pacifick Sea. The Spaniards, which inhabit the Philippine Islands, have called them lately the Islands of Mary and Ann, in honor to their Queen. The famous Magellanus discovered them in 1519, or 1520, and gave them the Name of the Isles of Thieves, to shew the inclination of those Islanders. Some Travellers count 50, others not above 15, or 20 of them, who say, that they are barren, and the Inhabitants of them poor.

The PHILIPPINE Islands.

The MOLƲCCO's.

Of the Isles called SYNDAE, or Sunda.

The Isle of CEILON, Ceylanum, or Taprobana.

The MALDIVES. Maldivae Insulae.

As to the Islands that lye in the Red Sea, I shall speak of them in treating of Africa, to which they do belong; and shall conclude this part with the Islands that lye in the Mediterranean Sea.

The ISLES lying in the Mediterranean Sea.

THE Principal Islands of the Mediterranean, which belong to Asia, are Cyprus and Rhodes.

The ISLANDS of the Archipelago, or Aegean Sea.

IN the Aegean Sea there are some of the most considerable Islands, which belong to Asia, of which our Method engages us to speak in this place.

The Isle Metelino, antiently called Lesbos, and in Latin Mitylene; is in the Graecian Archipelago, situate in the 55 D. of Longitude, and 70 of Latitude. It is in compass about 45 leagues; it belongs to Troas. It takes its Name from the chief City. It hath two considerable Ports, Geramia, and Caloni. The Venetians had it under their Government heretofore; but ever since Mahomet 2d, the Turks are Masters of it. The Revenue of this Island consists in Grain, Fruits, and Cheese. The Wines are very excellent. It hath Marble and Agates in it.

Scio, Chios, lyes on the South of Mitylene, and North of Nicaria. It is parted from Natolia by the Streight of White-Cape. It is about 30 leagues round, and produces abundance of Mastick. It hath plenty of Springs, and some Rivers, which make it fruitful in all things, but especially in Citrons, and Oranges; Oyl is very plentiful there, as well as Turpentine, which they gather by cutting certain Trees, as they do also Mastick. They have also a great number of Quails and Partridges.

The Isle of Samos lyes South East of Scio, in circuit about 20 leagues. The Samians, as Aulus Gellius reports, found out Pot-earth, which is miraculous. This Isle is fruitful in all things, except Wine.

On the South of the Isle of Samos, lyes the Isle of Cos, or Lango; Coos, containing about 30 leagues in circuit; it is famous for the Temple of Aesculapius, and the Birth of Hippocrates and Apelles. It affords fine Cypresses, Firrs, and large Oaks; plenty of Rivers and Fountains, which make up the River Sofodine. The chief City of it is Arangio, on the Levant side.

The Isle of Pathmos, at present called Palmosa, is not so big as the former, but yet not less famous for the Banishment of S. John the Evangelist, who wrote his Revelation• there. In it there is a fine Monastery, built in honor of this Evangelist. It abounds in Pulse, Corn, Fruits, Pasture, several Physical Simples, especially Lawrel. There are also several Veins of Metals.

Nicaria, antiently called Icaria, from Icarus the Son of Daedalus; is about 15 leagues in compass. It can't be approached by any Ships, because it hath no Haven. The Soil is barren, and the Inhabitants build their Houses upon Rocks; which are about 3000, all poor and ill cloathed. They are employed in swimming, and drawing Sponge out of the Sea.

Tenedos is about two leagues from the antient Troy, and near the famous Promontory of Sigaeum, which is now called Cap de Janizari. The Turks took it from the Venetians; they have excellent Muskadine, and plenty of Melons, which keep all the Winter.

The Isle Calamo, Claros, is one of the Cyclades, the highest of them; it was antiently well peopled, as we may know from the Marbles, Pillars, and other Ruines near the Castle of Calamos.

The Isle of Delos, now Sdille, is one of the Cyclades, and famous for the Birth of Apollo and Diana; the first of which hath a very beautiful Temple dedicated to him there. There is now but one City of Note, which is Sdilles, now but little inhabited.

Paros, or Pario, is one of the Cyclades, famous for its White Marble, veined. The Venetians had it a great while, but the Turks took it from them with the Negropont, in 1470. There are several remarkable Antiquities in it.