Asia

Sources from old books

1578. A booke called the treasure for traueilers by William Bourne.

The seuenth Chapter sheweth the Longitude, and the Latitude, and the other things before rehearsed of certaine of the principallest places of Asia and in the East India. &c.
ANd now shall followe the longitude and the latitude, and all the other things before rehearsed, of certaine of the Cities and Townes and other places of Asia as followeth.

Nicea where Nicea Counsell was, the longitude 58. degrees, the latitude 42. degrees 15. minuts, and is East Southeast 1668. myles from London, and the moone chaungeth later then at London 2. houres 32. minutes, and the longest day is 15. houres 6. minutes. &c.

Ephesus where Saint Iohn wrate the Gospell, the longitude 57. degrees 40. minutes, the latitude 37. degrees 40. minuts, and is East Southeast, and to the South partes 1808. myles from London, and the moone chaungeth later then at London 2. houres 30. minutes, and the longest day is 14. houres 40. minutes. &c.
Tralus, the longitude is 58. degrees 40. minutes, the latitude 38. degrees 50. minutes, and is East Southeast, and to the South partes 1797. myles from London, and the moone chaungeth later then at London 2. houres 34. minutes, and the longest day is 14. houres 44. minutes. &c.
Philadelphia in Bothlydias, the longitude 59. degrees, the latitude 38. degrees 50. minutes, and is East Southeast, and to the Southwardes 1816. myles from London, and the moone chaungeth later then at London 2. houres 36. minuts, and the longest day is 14. houres 44. minutes. &c.
Olimpus a Citie in Lycia, the longitude 61. degrees 30. minutes, the latitude 36. degrees 10. minutes, and is East Southeast a lyttle to the South 1993. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later then at London 2. houres 46. minuts, and the longest day is 14. houres 30. minutes. &c.
Pompeiopolis a Citie of Galatia, and builded by Pompey, the longitude 62. degrees, the latitude 42. degrees, and is East Southeast 1814. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later 2. houres 48. minutes, and the longest day is 15. houres 10. minutes. &c.
Olbia in Pamphllia, the longitude 62. degrees, the latitude 36. degrees 55. minutes, and is East Southeast 1989. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later then at London 2. houres 48. minutes, and the longest daye is 14. houres 36. minutes. &c.
Pargamus in the Countrey of Doris, the longitude 57. degrees 35. minutes, the latitude 39. degrees 45. minutes, and is East Southeast 1709. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later 2. houres 30. minutes, and the longest day is 14. houres 54. minutes. &c.
Cesaria in Capadocia, the longitude 66. degrees 30. minutes, the latitude 39. degrees 30. minutes, and is Easte Southeast 2064. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later then at London 3. houres 6. minutes, and the longest day is 14. houres 50. minutes. &c.
Nicopolis in Armenia the lesse, the longitude 69. degrees 20. minutes, the latitude 41. degrees 40. minutes, and is East Southeast 2129. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later 3. houres 18. minutes, and the longest day is 15. houres 3. minutes. &c.
Antiochia in Cilicia, the longitude 64. degrees 40. minutes, the latitude 36. degrees 50. minutes, and is East Southeast 2078. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later then at London 2. houres 58. minutes, and the longest day is 14. houres 33. minutes. &c.
Geldia in Albania parte of great Tartarie, the longitude 83. degrees, the latitude 46. degrees 30. minutes, and is East and to the Southwardes 2458. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later 4. houres 12. minutes, and the longest day is 15. houres 40. minutes. &c.
Bola in Armenia the greater, the longitude 76. degrees 10. minutes, the latitude 44. degrees, and is East and by South 2294. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later then at London 3. houres 45. minutes, and the longest day is 15. houres 20. minutes. &c.
Alexandria in Siria, the longitude 69. degrees 30. mynutes, the latitude 36. degrees 10. minutes, and is East Southeast 2277. miles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later then at London 3. houres 18. minutes, and the longest day is 14. houres 30. minutes. &c.
Tripolis in Phenicia, the longitude 67. degrees 30. minutes, the latitude 34. degrees 20. minuts, and is East Southeast, and to the Southwardes 2314. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later 3. houres 10. minutes, and the longest day is 14. houres 20. minutes. &c.
Barut, and is the Porte of Damascus, the longitude 76. degrees, the latitude 33. degrees 20. minutes, and is East Southeast, and to the Southwardes 2321. miles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later 3. houres 8. minutes, and the longest day is 14. houres 15. minutes. &c.
Antiochia the Mount Taurus, the countrie of S. Luke, the longitude 69. degrees, the latitude 35. degrees 30. minutes, and is East Southeast 2319. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later then at London 3. houres 16. minutes, and the longest day is 14. houres 26. minutes. &c.
Damascus, here Caine sleine his brother Abel, the longitude 69. degrees, the latitude 33. degrees, and is East Southeast and to the Southwardes 2404. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later 3. houres 16. minutes, and the longest day is 14. houres 15. minutes. &c.
Porte Iassa or Ioppa, the longitude 65. degrees 45. minutes, the latitude 31. degrees 55. minutes, and is Southeast, and by East and to the Eastwardes 2338. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later then at London 3. houres 2. mynutes, and the longest day is 14. houres 6. minutes. &c.
The deade Seas or lake of Sodome, the longitude 66. degrees 50. mynutes, the latitude 31. degrees 10. mynutes, and is Southeast and by East and to the Eastwardes 2404. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later 3. houres 8. minutes, and the longest day is 14. houres 4. minutes. &c.
Bethsaida in Galilea, the longitude 57. degrees 5. mynutes, the latitude 31. degrees 15. mynutes, and is Southeast and by East 2039. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later 2. houres 29. minutes, and the longest day is 14. houres 6. mynutes. &c.
Nicopolis in Samaria, the longitude 66. degrees 50. mynutes, the latitude 31. degrees 50. minutes, and is Southeast, and by East and to the Eastwardes 2382. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later 3. houres 8. mynutes, and the longest daye is 14. houres 10. minutes. &c.
Hierusalem in Iudea, sometyme the famous Citie on the earth, but nowe destroyed by Titus, in the tyme of Vaspatian the Emperour of Rome, the longitude 65. degrees 45. minutes, the latitude 31. degrees 22. mynutes, and is Southeast, and by East, and to the Eastwardes 2352. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later by 3. houres 3. minutes, and the longest day is 14. houres 8. minutes. &c.
Charan in Mesopotamia, where as Abraham dwelled, the longitude 73. degrees 45. mynutes, the latitude 36. degrees 10. mynutes, and is East Southeast 2466. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later by 3. houres 36. minutes, and the longest day 14. houres 30. minutes.
Babilon where the Towne of Babel was, the longitude is 79. degrees, the latitude 35. degrees, and is East Southeast 2724. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later by 3. houres 56. mynutes, and the longest day is 14. houres 25. minutes. &c.
Erupa in Arabia, the longitude 72. degrees 30. mynutes, the latitude 30. degrees 15. mynutes, and is East Southeast and to the Southwardes 2641. myles from London, and the Moone changeth later by 3. houres 30. minutes, and the longest day is 13. houres 56. minutes. &c.
The Red Sea, the place whych Moyses and the Children of Israell went through, the longitude 63. degrees 30. mynutes, the latitude 29. degrees 50. mynutes, and is Southeast and by East 2336. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later 2. houres 54. minutes, and the longest day is 13. houres 56. mynutes. &c.
Mount Synai or mount Oreb, where that Moyses receyued the ten Commaundementes, the longitude 64. degrees, the latitude 30. degrees, and is Southeast, and by East 2344. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later then at London, by 2. houres 58. mynutes, and the longest daye is 13. houres 58. minutes. &c.
Michia in Arabia, where is the Sepulchre of the false Prophet Mahomet, the longitude 72. degrees 15. minutes, the latitude 23. degrees, and is Southeast, and by East, and to the East wardes 2954. myles from London, and the moone chaungeth later by 3. houres 29. minutes, and the longest day is 13. houres 25. minutes. &c.
The Citie of Niniuie in Assiria where as Ionas the Prophet was sent, the longitude 78. degrees, the latitude 36. degrees, and is East Southeast 2635. myles from London, and the moone chaungeth later by 3. houres 52. minutes, and the longest day 14. houres 30. minutes.
Asia a Citie in Susana, the longitude 80. degrees 10. minutes, the latitude 31. degrees 40. minutes, and is East Southest 2923. myles from London, and the moone chaungeth later by 4. howres 1. minute, and the longest daye is 14. howres 8. minutes.
Arima in Persia, the longitude 87. degrees 45. minutes, the latitude 33. degrees 50. minutes, and is East Southeast 3108. miles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later by 4. howres 31. minutes, and the longest daye is 4. howres 15. minutes. &c.
Alca in Media, the longitude is 86. degrees 15. minutes, the latitude 41. degrees, and is East and South 2791. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later by 4. howres 25. minuts, and the longest day is 15. howres.

Arges in Carmania, the longitude 96. degrees 30. minutes, the latitude 23. degrees 30. minutes, and is East Southeast 3917. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later by 5. howres 6. mynutes, and the longest daye is 13. howres 25. minutes. &c.

Harcan in Hircania, the longitude 7. degrees 30. minuts, the latitude 40. degrees 30. minutes, and is East and by South 3332. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later then at London by 5. howres 14. minutes, and the longest day is 14. howres 50. minutes.
Sena in Margiana, the longitude 102. degrees 30. minuts, the latitude 42. degrees 20. minutes, and is neare East and by South 3430. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later by 5. howres 30. minutes, and the longest day is 15. howres 8. minutes.
Chomara in Bactriana, the longitude 106. degrees, the latitude 40. degrees, and is East and by South 3635. myles from London, and the moone changeth later by 5. howres 45. mynutes, and the longest day is 14. howres 50. minutes.
Prepsa in Sogdiana, the longitude 130. degrees, the latitude 45. degrees, and is East and to the Southwardes 4389. myles from London, and the moone chaungeth later by 7. howres 20. minutes, and the longest daye is 15. howres 30. mynutes. &c.

Alexandria Maria, the longitude 110. degrees, the latitude 36. degrees, and is East and by South 3937. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later by 6. howres iust, and the longest daye is 14. howres 30. minutes.
Asta in Drangiana, the longitude 107. degrees 30. minutes, the latitude 30. degrees 40. minutes, and is East Southeast 4087. myles from London, and the moone chaungeth later by 5. howres 50. minutes, the longest daye is 14. howres iuste. &c.
Cuni in Gegrosia, the longitude 110. degrees, the latitude 23. degrees 50. minutes, and is East Southeast 4461. myles from London, and the moone chaungeth later by 6. howres, the longest daye is 13. howres 30. mynutes.
Bardaxima in India within the riuer of Ganges, the longitude 113. degrees 40. minutes, the latitude 20. degrees 40. minutes, and is East Southeast 4735. myles from London, and the moone chaungeth later by 6. howres 15. minutes, and the longest day is 13. howres 15. minutes.
Calicute the most famous Citie of marchandize in all India, the longitude 112. degrees, the latitude 5. degrees, and is Southeast and by East and to the Eastwards 5224. miles from London, and the moone chaungeth later by 6. howres 8. minutes, and the longest daye is but 12. howres 20. minutes. &c.
Polibotra in Persia, the longitude 143. degrees, the latitude 27. degrees, and is East and by South and too the Southwardes 5710. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later by 8. howres 12. minutes, and the longest daye is 13. howres 45. mynutes.
Pentapolis in India without Ganges, the longitude 150. degrees, the latitude 18. degrees, and is East Southeast 6337. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later by 8. howres 40. minutes, the longest daye is 13. howres 10. minutes. &c.
Thagora in India without Ganges, the longitude 168. degrees, the latitude 6. degrees, and is East South East 7680. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later by 9. howres 52. minutes, and the longest daye is 12. howres 20. mynutes.
West Ciamfa in Chatay, the longitude 188. degrees, the latitude 37. degrees 15. minutes, and is East and by South 7205. myles from London, and the Moone changeth later then at London 11. howres 43. minutes, and the longest day is 14. howres 36. minutes.

Guiten in the East India, in the Prouince of China, the longitude 183. degrees, and is neare vnto the South Sea, the latitude 25. degrees 15. minutes, and is East and by South 7312. myles from London, and the moone chaungeth later then at London by 11. howres 12. minutes, and the longest day is 13. howres 35. minutes.
East Ciamfa, the longitude 97. degrees, the latitude 32. degrees 5. minutes, and is East and by South 7787. myles from London, and the moone chaungeth later then at London by 11. howres 48. minutes, and the longest daye is 14. howres 10. minutes.
Tangury in Mugi, the longitude 178. degrees 15. minutes, the latitude 31. degrees, and is East and to the Southwards 6980. myles from London, and the moone chaungeth later by 10. howres 28. minutes, and the longest day is 14. howres 5. minutes.
The Prouince of Thebet, in whiche the great Chaine Lord of the East and South Indians hath his Courte, and all the Kinges of India are vnder hym, the longitude is 168. degrees, the latitude 3. degrees 20. minutes, and is Easte Southeast 7670. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later by 9. howres 44. minuts, and the longest daye is but 12. howres 10. minutes.
Cyamba, in this place they vse Coral in the steede of money, and haue great plenty of most sortes of Spices, the longitude 199. degrees 10. minuts, the latitude 25. degrees 30. minutes, and is East and by South 7980. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later by 11. howres 48. minutes, and the longest day is 13. howres 36. minutes.
Barnia in the South India, the longitude 202. degrees 40. minutes, the latitude 11. degrees 40. minutes, and is West and by South 8824. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth rather by 11. howres 52. mynutes, and the longest daye is 12. howres.
Nar in Moaber, the Inhabitants doe worship Oxen, the longitude 196. degrees, the latitude hath the south pole 20. degrees 10. minutes, and is Southeast and a litle to the Eastwardes 8512. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth later by 11. howres 44. minutes, and the longest daye is in our Winter, and is 13. howres 15. minutes. &c.
Malaqua, the longitude is 189. degrees, the latitude of the South pole is 15. degrees 30. minutes, and is Southeast and by East 8781. myles from London, and the Moone chaungeth rather by 11. howres 16. minuts, and the longest daye is 12. howres 56. minutes.
In the Kingdome of Lace there is a Citie called Lace, the longitude is 166. degrees 30. minutes, the latitude is 21. degrees 40. minutes, and is East and by South 7047. myles from the Citie of London, and the Moone chaungeth later then at London by 9. howres 44. minutes, and the longest daye is 13. howres 24. minutes.


Nicea	58°00′	42°15′	1668	later 2h 32m	15h 06m

Ephesus	57°40′	37°40′	1808	later 2h 30m	14h 40m
Tralus	58°40′	38°50′	1797	later 2h 34m	14h 44m
Philadelphia (Bothlydias)	59°00′	38°50′	1816	later 2h 36m	14h 44m
Olimpus (Lycia)	61°30′	36°10′	1993	later 2h 46m	14h 30m
Pompeiopolis (Galatia)	62°00′	42°00′	1814	later 2h 48m	15h 10m
Olbia (Pamphllia)	62°00′	36°55′	1989	later 2h 48m	14h 36m
Pargamus (Doris)	57°35′	39°45′	1709	later 2h 30m	14h 54m
Cesaria (Capadocia)	66°30′	39°30′	2064	later 3h 06m	14h 50m
Nicopolis (Armenia the lesse)	69°20′	41°40′	2129	later 3h 18m	15h 03m
Antiochia (Cilicia)	64°40′	36°50′	2078	later 2h 58m	14h 33m
Geldia (Albania, Tartarie)	83°00′	46°30′	2458	later 4h 12m	15h 40m
Bola (Armenia the greater)	76°10′	44°00′	2294	later 3h 45m	15h 20m
Alexandria (Siria)	69°30′	36°10′	2277	later 3h 18m	14h 30m
Tripolis (Phenicia)	67°30′	34°20′	2314	later 3h 10m	14h 20m
Barut (Port of Damascus)	76°00′	33°20′	2321	later 3h 08m	14h 15m
Antiochia (Mount Taurus)	69°00′	35°30′	2319	later 3h 16m	14h 26m
Damascus	69°00′	33°00′	2404	later 3h 16m	14h 15m
Ioppa (Porte Iassa)	65°45′	31°55′	2338	later 3h 02m	14h 06m
Dead Sea (Lake Sodome)	66°50′	31°10′	2404	later 3h 08m	14h 04m
Bethsaida (Galilea)	57°05′	31°15′	2039	later 2h 29m	14h 06m
Nicopolis (Samaria)	66°50′	31°50′	2382	later 3h 08m	14h 10m
Hierusalem (Iudea)	65°45′	31°22′	2352	later 3h 03m	14h 08m
Charan (Mesopotamia)	73°45′	36°10′	2466	later 3h 36m	14h 30m
Babilon	79°00′	35°00′	2724	later 3h 56m	14h 25m
Erupa (Arabia)	72°30′	30°15′	2641	later 3h 30m	13h 56m
Red Sea	63°30′	29°50′	2336	later 2h 54m	13h 56m
Mount Synai / Oreb	64°00′	30°00′	2344	later 2h 58m	13h 58m
Michia (Arabia)	72°15′	23°00′	2954	later 3h 29m	13h 25m
Niniuie (Assiria)	78°00′	36°00′	2635	later 3h 52m	14h 30m
Asia (Susana)	80°10′	31°40′	2923	later 4h 01m	14h 08m
Arima (Persia)	87°45′	33°50′	3108	later 4h 31m	14h 15m
Alca (Media)	86°15′	41°00′	2791	later 4h 25m	15h 00m

Arges (Carmania)	96°30′	23°30′	3917	later 5h 06m	13h 25m

Harcan (Hircania)	7°30′	40°30′	3332	later 5h 14m	14h 50m
Sena (Margiana)	102°30′	42°20′	3430	later 5h 30m	15h 08m
Chomara (Bactriana)	106°00′	40°00′	3635	later 5h 45m	14h 50m
Prepsa (Sogdiana)	130°00′	45°00′	4389	later 7h 20m	15h 30m



Alexandria Maria	110°00′	36°00′	3937	later 6h 00m	14h 30m
Asta (Drangiana)	107°30′	30°40′	4087	later 5h 50m	14h 00m
Cuni (Gegrosia)	110°00′	23°50′	4461	later 6h 00m	13h 30m
Bardaxima (India, Ganges)	113°40′	20°40′	4735	later 6h 15m	13h 15m
Calicute (India)	112°00′	5°00′	5224	later 6h 08m	12h 20m
Polibotra (Persia)	143°00′	27°00′	5710	later 8h 12m	13h 45m
Pentapolis (India)	150°00′	18°00′	6337	later 8h 40m	13h 10m
Thagora (India)	168°00′	6°00′	7680	later 9h 52m	12h 20m
West Ciamfa (Chatay)	188°00′	37°15′	7205	later 11h 43m	14h 36m

Guiten (China)	183°00′	25°15′	7312	later 11h 12m	13h 35m
East Ciamfa	97°00′	32°05′	7787	later 11h 48m	14h 10m
Tangury (Mugi)	178°15′	31°00′	6980	later 10h 28m	14h 05m
Thebet	168°00′	3°20′	7670	later 9h 44m	12h 10m
Cyamba	199°10′	25°30′	7980	later 11h 48m	13h 36m
Barnia (South India)	202°40′	11°40′	8824	later 11h 52m	12h 00m
Nar (Moaber)	196°00′	South pole 20°10′	8512	later 11h 44m	13h 15m
Malaqua	189°00′	South pole 15°30′	8781	later 11h 16m	12h 56m
Lace (Kingdome of Lace)	166°30′	21°40′	7047	later 9h 44m	13h 24m
Lyshborne (Portugal)	5°00′	38°50′	985	'rather ~1h	14h 45m
Cape Saint Vincent (Portugal)	4°58′	35°36′	1092	'rather 1h 00m	14h 30m
Cape Saint Mary	5°10′	36°45′	1089	'rather 58m	14h 30m
Cape Finester (Galeza)	4°50′	43°10′	788	'rather 1h 00m	15h 20m
Bayone (Galeza)	5°40′	42°40′	800	'rather 57m
Sainct Iames of Compostella	7°00′	42°15′	810	'rather 56m	15h 04m
Bylbow (Bysley)	11°45′	43°35′	578	'rather 33m	15h 30m
S. Sebastians (Byskey)	15°00′	43°30′	572	'rather 18m	15h 30m
Tolledo (Castell)	10°49′	37°00′	934	'rather 36m	14h 36m
Ciuell (Andelazia)	7°00′	38°05′	950	'rather 52m	14h 40m
Gibaraltarre	7°30′	36°04′	1066	'rather 49m	14h 25m
Granmaliga	8°50′	37°30′	960	'rather 35m	14h 04m
Granado	9°05′	38°20′	911	'rather 45m	14h 43m
Burdeux (Fraunce)	17°54′	45°45′	36	'rather 8m	15h 25m
Paris (Fraunce)	23°30′	48°40′	215	'later 13m	15h 57m
Roane (Normandye)	20°30′	49°10′	142	'later a lytle	16h 04m
Calyce (Fraunce)	22°15′	51°15′	86	'later 9m	16h 25m
Brydges (Flaunders)	24°30′	51°20′	162	'later 16m	16h 16m
Gaunt (Flaunders)	25°30′	51°15′	209	'later 20m	16h 13m
Midleborow (Zelande)	25°26′	51°48′	205	'later 20m	16h 30m
Antwerpe (Braband)	26°36′	51°28′	248	'later 24m	16h 28m
Amsterdam (Holland)	27°05′	52°20′	266	'later 28m	16h 40m
Lucke	29°30′	50°00′	333	'later 30m	16h 00m
Gulder (Gulderlande)	27°48′	51°42′	296	'later 28m	16h 30m
Cleue (Cleueland)	28°06′	52°00′	303	'later 32m	16h 30m
Colline	29°45′	52°00′	360	'later 39m	16h 34m
Mentz (high Germanye)	31°15′	50°00′	420	'later 45m	16h 25m
Spiers	31°30′	49°15′	430	'later 46m	16h 02m
Strawsborow	30°15′	48°45′	432	'later 41m	16h 00m
Franckforde	31°40′	50°10′	448	'later 47m	16h 15m
Prage	38°20′	50°06′	700	'later 1h 14m	16h 15m
Hambrough	34°00′	54°30′	538	'later 56m	18h 00m
Elson More (Denmarke)	32°30′	58°20′	577	'later 50m	18h 00m
The North Cape (Norwaye)	39°30′	71°20′	1308	'later 1h 15m
Iselande (middle)	7°00′	65°30′	930	'rather 52m	21h 44m
Rome (Italye)	36°40′	42°00′	887	'later 1h 07m	15h 04m
Florance	34°15′	24°45′	802	'later 57m	15h 10m
Pisa	33°00′	42°15′	741	'later 53m	15h 06m
Venice	35°30′	44°45′	744	'later 1h 03m	15h 20m
Myllayne	31°45′	44°15′	645	'later 48m	15h 22m
Naples	38°50′	39°55′	1051	'later 1h 16m	14h 50m
Philippos (Macedonia)	50°45′	41°45′	1395	'later 2h 03m	15h 10m
Constantinople	56°00′	43°05′	1547	'later 2h 24m	15h 15m
Athens	52°43′	37°15′	1624	'later 2h 11m	14h 40m
Danswicke	46°00′	54°55′	961	'later 1h 44m	17h 05m
Swethen (middle)	42°00′	64°00′	1040	'later 1h 28m	20h 30m
Moscouia (Rosey)	69°00′	57°00′	1747	'later 3h 16m	17h 40m
London	19.9	51.5333	0	0	0

1635. Historia mundi: or Mercator's atlas. London. by Gerhard Mercator.

ASIA succeeds Africke in my division. This name was allotted it from the Nymph Asia (as Varro witnesseth) of whom and Iapetus Prometheus was borne: Others say it was so called either of Asius the sonne of Atys, or from Asius the Philosopher, who gave the Palladium of Troy to the custodie of the Citie, for which, that they might gratifie him, his whole dominions (which before was called Epirus) they called Asia. And from hence afterward, as from the more noble part, all the whole tract of Land began to bee called Asia. Moreover, as Lybia doth both signifie a third part of the World, and a part of this part: So it is observed, that Asia doth signifie both the whole Continent, and that part which is hem'd in with the Mountaine Taurus, wherein doe dwell the Lydians, the Carians, the Lycaonians, Paphlagonians, Ionians, Aeolians, and others; which part, for distinction sake, is commonly called Asia the Lesse: the Turkes call it Natolia. There is saith Varro, Lib. 4. an Asia which is distinguisht from Europe, in which is Syria: and there is an Asia which is called the former part of Asia, in which is Ionia, and our Province. But all Asia is called in the Holy Scriptures Semia. It is almost wholly situated in the Northerne part of the World from the Aequinoctiall Circle, to the 80^th degree of Northerne Latitude, except some Ilands pertaining to Asia, some whereof are stretched out beyond the Aequator Southward. Hence arises a great difference through all Asia, in the length of the artificiall dayes. For in the last Parallel, which is drawne not farre from the Aequinoctiall, the longest day is almost twelve houres. About the middle of Asia, the longest day is fifteene houres, and in the most Northerne Parallel their light continually endureth almost for foure whole Moneths in Summer. According to the Longitude, Asia is stretched forth from the Meridian of 52. degrees, even to the Meridian of 196. according to some: but if we follow the description of Mercator, the most Westerne Meridian thereof passeth through the 57^th degree neare to the furthest Westerne part of Asia the Lesse; and the most Easterne Meridian through the 178^th degree. On the North it hath the Scythian Sea, on the South the Indian, on the East the Easterne Sea, on the West the Bay of Arabia, or the red Sea; the Mediterranean and Euxine Seas. And as in the higher part it cleaveth to Europe, so in the Southerne part it is joyned to Africke by an Isthmus: yet Pliny and Strabo with some others doe stretch out Asia even to Nilus, and doe reckon all Egypt to Asia. In Asia the face of the skie is both pleasant and wholesome, the Aire milde and temperate. Yet all Asia doth not feele this temperatenesse: for the right hand and left hand parts thereof are exceeding hot and cold. The pleasantnesse of this Country is so great, that it became a Proverbe: All the Land is so renowned both for the fertilitie of the fields, the varietie of fruits, and large pasturing of cattell, and for the abundant plenty of those things which are exported, that it doth easily excell all other Countries. Here is wonderfull plenty of Fruits, Spices, and Mettalls. Hence we receive Balsam, sweet Canes, Frankincense, Myrrhe, Cassia, Cinnamon, Gariophylus, Pepper, Saffron, sweet Woods, Rozine, Muske, and all kinde of precious stones. Here we may behold many different sorts of living Creatures. For it bringeth forth a number of Elephants, Camells, and many other living Creatures both tame and wilde: we may here also admire the wits, riches, and power of the Inhabitants. Here Man was first created by God; here was the first Seat of the Church of God; here Artes were first invented; here were Lawes first made; here the Doctrine of the Gospell first granted to miserable mortall men, with the hope of Salvation through Jesus Christ the Sonne of God. Here the confusion of Languages was sent downe amongst men, in the destruction of the Tower of Babel. Here first Dominion over inferiours began. Here Nimrod began to raigne, of whom we reade in Genesis. But the first Monarchs of the whole Country of Asia were the Assyrians, the last whereof was Sardanapalus, a man given to wantonnesse, and effeminate softnesse, who being found by Arbactus amongst a crew of whores, and not long after being overcome by him in battaile, hee made a great fire, and cast himselfe and his riches thereinto. Afterward the Empire came to the Persians: Among whom Xerxes the sonne of Darius did maintaine a warre, begun by his father, five yeares against Greece, and he brought out of Asia into Europe an army of ten hundred thousand men, and passed them over a bridge which he built over Hellespont: he came also accompanied with ten hundred thousand ships, but with a vaine endeavour; for he that durst threaten God, insult over the Sea, put fetters upon Neptune, darken the Heavens, levell Mountains, and shake the whole World, was faine, his army being put to flight, to passe over the narrow Sea in a fisher-boate, the Bridge being broken by the tempests of Winter. Darius was the last Persian Emperour, whose being conquered & overcome by Alexander, made way to the Monarchie of the Macedonians, for Alexander did first translate it out of Asia into Europe. All Asia, according to the severall government thereof, may thus be divided. The first part is under the Turkes command, the originall whereof is from Mahomet, and is a large Territory. The Duke of Moscovia doth possesse a second part, enclosed with the frozen Sea, the River Oby, the Lake Kitaia, and a Line drawne thence to the Caspian Sea, and to the Isthmus which is betweene this Sea and Pontus. The Great Cham Emperour of Tartarie doth possesse the third part, whose borders on the South are, the Caspian Sea, the River Iaxartes, and the Mountaine Imaus; on the East and North the Ocean: on the West the Kingdome of Moscovia. The King of Persia, called the Sophie, hath the fourth. This hath on the West side the Turke; on the North the Tartarian, on the South it is washed with the Red Sea, but on the East with the River Indus. The fift part doth containe India, both on this side and beyond Ganges; which is not governed by one alone, but by many Rulers, for every Country thereof hath almost a severall Prince, some whereof are tributarie to the great Cham. The sixt part contayneth the large Kingdome of China. The seaventh containeth all the Islands scattered up and downe in the Indian and Easterne Sea. Among which are Tabrobana and Zetlan, the two Iava found out not long since by the Portugalls, Borneo, Celebes, Palohan, Mindanao, Gilolo, with the spice bearing Moluccoes, also Iapan, with Nova Guinea lastly found out; concerning which it is not yet known whether it be an Island, or joyned to the Southern Continent. But the Ancients, as Strabo and Arrianus, have made many divisions of it. Ptolomie doth divide it into 47. Countries and Provinces, the description whereof hee delivers in his fift, sixt, and seaventh Bookes of Geographic, and doth set them forth in twelve Tables. It hath three Cities famous through the whole World, Babylon, Ninivie, and Ierusalem. It hath great Lakes full of fish, and the Caspian Sea in manner of a Lake, which never commeth to the Ocean. Also many Rivers, among which the chiefest are Tigris, Euphrates, which Moses mentioneth in Genesis, Iordane, Indus, Ganges, &c. Here are also great and wonderfull Mountaines, among which is the Mountaine Taurus, which comming from the Easterne shoare, divides all Asia; on the right hand where it first riseth from the Indian Sea, it beareth Northwards: on the left hand, it is Southerne and bending toward the West, untill the Seas meet with it: as here the Phaenician, & the Ponticke. There the Caspian and Hyrcanian Seas, together with the Meoticke Lake; as if Nature on purpose had opposed it: But though this Mountaine bee shut as it were betweene these bounds, yet with many windings it runneth forth even as far as the neighbouring Cliffs of the Rhiphaean Mountains, being famous wheresoever it goeth; and knowne by many new names. At first it is called Imaus, and by and by Emodus, Paropanisius, Circius, Chambades, Pharphariades, Croates, Oreges, Oroandes, Niphates, and Taurus: where it doth as it were exceed it selfe Caucasus, where it spreadeth its armes as if it would embrace the Sea, Sarpedon, Coracesius, and Cragus, and againe Taurus. But where it openeth it selfe, it taketh its name from the Havens, which are sometimes called the Armenian, elsewhere the Caspian, and Cilician. The bredth of it in most places is three thousand furlongs, which is 5625. Italian miles: that is, from the Coast of Rhodes, even to the farthest bounds of China and Tartaria. But of these things enough. I passe now to the publicke workes, which have beene heretofore very stately and magnificent, and worthy to bee numbred among the seaven Miracles of the World. Amongst them the first were the walls of Babylon, which Semiramis built, or at least did repaire being ruinate, with brickes joyned and laid in a pitchy kind of mortar, they were two hundred foot high and fiftie broade, so that Chariots might meet thereon; they had three hundred Towers, and should have had more, but that in some parts the Marshes were insteed of walls. It is reported that for this so great a worke three hundred thousand workemen were employed. Herodotus reporteth, that the walls of Babylon were fiftie royall cubits thicke, and two hundred high, and round about there were placed in them a hundred brazen Gates. The second was the Temple of Diana of Ephesus, which was built by all Asia in two hundred and twenty yeares, as Histories doe testifie: And it was seated in a Moorish place, least it should be endangered by Earthquakes; And least they should place the foundation of so great a building upon unfirme ground, they strewed it over with coales trodden downe, and on it they laid fleeces of wooll. The length of the Temple was 425. feet, the breadth 220. The Pillars in it were an hundred and seaven and twenty, all made by severall Kings, of which 36. were carved: Ctesiphon was the overseer of the worke. There was also a Monument which Artemesia Queene of Caria did erect in memory of her deceased husband, which is to bee counted among the wonders of the World; it being 25. Cubits high, and compassed about with thirty Pillars: it was sixe and thirty foote wide Northward and Southward. Lastly, there was that magnificent Temple, which Salomon began to build in the fourth yeare of his raigne, not unfit to be reckoned with the seaven wonders of the World. First of all, thirty thousand men were set to cut trees, as Cedars and Cypresse in Lebanon: and there were fourescore thousand stone-cutters. The bredth of the Temple was twenty Cubits, the length sixtie, and the height an hundred and twenty. The matter of the nethermost building was of white stone: the largenesse of the Porch was ten Cubits, there were twenty secret chambers, passing one into another, and others placed under these. The beames were of Cedar, the roofes of Cedar guilded over, and the walls in like manner: The Sanctuary of the Holy place was distinguished from the body of the Temple with a wall, in which were carved gates, with drawing Curtaines enterwoven with many flowers and winding borders: besides two Cherubins of pure gold, the pavement under foot was beset with studdes of gold: the gates were twenty Cubits in height, and twelve in compasse. There was a brazen vessell of so great a bignesse, that it was fitly called the Sea; round about which stood twelve Calves, three together, and looking severally toward the foure corners of the World. This vessell did hold three thousand measures containing 72. Sextaries. There were also other figures, which it would be too long to rehearse. There was a brazen Altar of ten foot height, & double as much in length. Also one golden Table, and ten thousand golden Pots and Dishes, &c. But let these things suffice which have beene spoken of this part of the Word: I come now to America the fourth part of the World.

1638. The merchants mappe of commerce wherein by Lewes Roberts.

Of ASIA, and the Provinces thereof.
ASIA, The third division of the World, is separated from EVROPE by the Egean Propontis, and Euxine Sea, by Paulus Maeotis, Tanais, Duina, and from AFRICA by the red Sea, and the Egyptian •…stmus, as I remembred in the beginning of this Worke. Five notable things have made this Countrey famous, and have giuen it the garland of supremacie over all the other parts of the World. First, the Creation of Mankind: Secondly, the Birth of our Savi•…ur; his Miracles wrought, and place of his sufferance: Thirdly, the Actions memorized by the holy Pen-men of the Old and New Testament: Fourthly, the famous Monarchies of the Babylonians, Assirians, Persians, and Medes: And fifthly, being the common Mother of us all, from whence innumerable troupes of men issued to people the other parts of the unhabited World, of which see other Authors further at large.
The principall Regions of ASIA, are

1. Anatolia.

2. Syria.

3. Palestina.

4. Armenia.

5. Arabia.

6. Media.

7. Assiria.

8. Mesopotamia.

9. Chaldea.

10. Persia.

11. Parthia.

12. Tartaria.

13. China.

14. India.

15. The Ilands thereof.

And of these in briefe according to my first intention.
Of the Trade in generall of ASIA, as it is found at this day.
TO conclude then the Trade and Traffique of ASIA in generall; it is comprehended within a few principall Cities thereof: as first, in the Grand Signiors Dominions in Aleppo, Smyrna, Constantinople, Alexandria, Balsara, and Baruti, and Damasco: in Persia Dominions, in Sciras, Ormus, Casbin, Gilan, and Hispahan: and in India and these Coasts, at Goa, Mallacca, Siam, Pegu, Cochin, Calicut, Mesulapatan, and the Ilands of Iava, Iapan, Sumatra, Moluccos: in Tartaria, in Astracan, Capha, Sarmacand, and Cambalu, &c. The Turkish Nation affoords not many Merchants of note; yet some are found that from Constantinople doe drive a Trade by Sea to Venice, Cairo, Trapesond, Capha, and some few other places; and some againe that with Caravans by land drive a Trade from Aleppo, Damasco, and Aegypt, to the Red Sea, and to Mecha; but these I may more properly account Arabians then naturall Turkes, who in generall have beene esteemed in times past, and yet are more industrious and better vers'd in all manuall Arts, then in the mystery of Merchandizing; but now they have well neere lost that attribute, and wholly addict themselves by reason of their grand Signiors tyranny, to no further trade then what necessitie doth for the most part compell them, therefore not much worth here further consideration.
But those severall Nations inhabiting the large Coast of India, Persia, and these abovementioned Ilands, are found to bee more addicted thereto and of greater eminencie, and are found by their traffique and commerce to have raised to themselves Estates in these Countries equall to many of our European Dukes & greatest Earls,
wherof the Gusurets and Canarins, the frugall and proper inhabitants of India, are accounted the chiefest & principall, occasioned partly by their excellent subtilty in accounts and numbring, and partly by the late navigations and commerce of the Europeans, Arabians, and other remoter Nations amongst them, who bring them (for the most part) no other commoditie but plate and silver in Rials of 〈◊〉 which they there exchange for the rich commodities of India, as their Cloves, Maces, Nutmegs, Pepper, Diamonds, Emeralds, Rubies, Pearles, and such other, the precious Wares of these Countries.
The Persian Nation challenge also a large share in this Trade of ASIA, occasioned by their excellent and industrious fabriques, and their naturall plentie of raw silkes, which from them is aboundantly transported and spread over all the World, and their sumptuous adorning and curiositie of living, drawing to them by exchange, the riches and commodities of India and China and other places.
The Arabians, (as possessing a great part of ASIA) may not heere bee omitted, amongst which are found many eminent Merchants, not onely trading by Camels with Caravans from Turkey into Aegypt and other places, and into the Red Sea, but also from Aleppo to Babylon, Balsara, and so to the Persian gulph; and also by Sea, not onely on the Coast of Sindy, India, Cormandell, Siam, Pegu, and the Ilands aforesaid, where many Mahumetane Princes are found to beare rule; but also at Suachem, Melinda, Brava, and Quiloa, and many other parts and Ports of Africa
Neither amongst all these above-mentioned Nations, which are found in the generall to afford Merchants of eminencie and note, and to have a Countrey for a particular residence to themselves, and where their Princes doe beare Soveraignty, are the Nation of the Iewes to bee omitted or forgotten, who (though by the curse of the Almightie) are scattered and dispersed as it were over the face of the whole earth, and are permitted (with some limitations and restrictions) their abode in severall Countries, paying for their libertie, and freedome of residence and commerce, both great and large annuall contributions in sundry places; yet by their ingeniousnes in Trade, and their expertnes in Arts, and their subtilty in the valuation of Princes coines, and their skill in Accompts, they are found in all these afore-named Countries to bee both eminent and rich Merchants, trading as well by Land as by Sea through all these afore-named Countries, and by their craft and Art, raising to themselves eminence and great Estates thereby.
I should heere give a share of this ASIAN Trade to the Chinois, Tartarians, and other great Nations: but my ignorance herein doth silence me.
Therefore it shall content mee to have surveyed it in the generall, and to have left behind mee what observations I have beene able to collect of the Traffique, and Traders of those vast and large Territories and Countries, knowing that their strange Customes, and the manner of their Lawes and Government debarres all easie accesse into their Dominions, and what others must not dare to see, I must not dare to offer to recount.
To conclude then, having thus run over and surveyed the generall Commerce and Traffique of ASIA, I will now turne my selfe towards EVROPE, the last division of the World, and of this Worke, and as the best knowne to us, and the best reputed of Us.

1682. Cosmography and geography in two parts by Richard Blome

ASIA, as it is divided into
Firm Land; whereof the principal Parts are,
TURKEY in ASIA, which comprehendeth the parts and chief places of
Anatolia,
Smyrna,

Ephesus,

Lampsaco.

Bursa,

Scutari,

Tripoli.

Sourie,
Aleppo,

Tripoli,

Damascus,

Sayd.

Diarbeck,
Caraemit,

Achanchive,

Samosat.

Turcomanie,
Erzerum,

Cars,

Majaferequin.

GEORGIE; which comprehendeth the parts and chief places of
Mingrelie,
Fazze,

Savatopoli.

Gurgistan, — Cori.

Zulrie,
Chipeche,

Stranu.

Little Turcomanie, — Derbent.

ARABIA; with its parts and chief places of
Arabia the Stony,
Busseret,

Moab.

Arabia the Desert, — Anna.

Arabia the Happy,
Medina,

Mecca,

Aden.

PERSIA; with its chief Provinces and places of
Servan, — Tauris.

Gilan, — Gilan.

Gorgian, — Gorgian,

Churdistan, — Choy.

Ayrack,
Hispahan,

Casbin.

Chorazan, — Kayen.

Chusistan, — Souster.

Fars, — Chiraef.

Kherman, — Giroft.

Sablestan, — Zarani.

INDIA, as it is divided into the
Empire of the GREAT MOGOL; wherein are comprehended divers Kingdoms, the chief of which are
Attock, — Attock.

Calul, — Cabul.

Lahor, — Lahor.

Delly, — Delly.

Agra, — Agra.

Malway, — Rantipore.

Guzurate, or Cambaya,
Surat,

Cambava.

Bengala, — Bengala.

Decan, — Goa.

Peninsula of INDIA without the Ganges, with its several Kingdoms, &c. the chief of which are,
Golconda, — Golconda.

Bisnagar,
Bisnagar,

Harsingue:

Malabar, — Calicut.

Peninsula of INDIA within the Ganges; with its Kingdoms and chief places of
Pegu,
Pegu,

Boldia.

Siam, — Banckock.

Malacca, — Malacca.

Cochinchina, — Pulocacein.

Tunquin, — Keccio.

CHINA; with its chief Provinces and Cities of
Pequin, — Pequin.

Nanquin, — Nanquin.

Scianton, — Xanton.

Quicheo, — Quicheo.

Canton, — Canton.

Chequian, — Chequian.

TARTARIA; with its five Parts, and chief places of
Tartaria Deserta, — Cumbalich.

Usbeck, — Jarcham.

Turchestan, — Chialis.

Cathay, — Cambalu.

True Tartaria, — Tartan.

ISLES, to wit,
In the Ocean; as the
Isles of JAPON; as
Niphon, — Meaco.

Xicoco, — Sanuqui.

Ximo, — Bungo,

PHILLIPPINE Isles; as
Luson, — Luson.

Mindanao, — Mindanao.

Isles of MOLUCCO'S; as
Molucques, — Gamma.

Celebes, — Celebes.

Gilolo, — Gilolo.

Isles of SONDE; as
Sumatra,
Achem,

Aru.

Borneo, — Borneo.

Java,
Bantar•,

Jacatra.

Isles of LARRONS, or THEVES, — Deserte.

Isles of CEVLAN, — Colombo.

Isles of the MALDIVES, — Tilla don Matis.

In the Mediterranean Sea; as
In the LEVANT Sea; as
Cvprus, — Famagouste.

Rhodes, — Rhodes.

Scarpanto, — Scarpanto.

In the ARCHIPELAGO; as
Scio, — Scio.

Tenedo, — Metelin.

Samo, — Samo.

Nicaria, — Nicaria.

Lango, — Lango.

Stampalia, — Stampalia.

ASIA is one of the Tripartite division of our Continent; and if we consider the advantages which the Author of Nature hath given it, if the Actions which have passed in it both before and after the Flood; that the first Monarchies, and all Religions have here had their beginnings; that the chief Mysteries (both of the Old and New Law) have there been laid open; we may be induced to prefer in before all other parts, either of the one or other Continent.
And as of the two Continents ours is much the greater, the more noble, and most considerable; so is Asia among the three parts of our Continent, the Greatest, the most Oriental, the most Temperate, and the Richest.
Its Extent from West to East is from the 55th Meridian or degree of Longitude unto the 180, containing 125 degrees of Longitude, which are about 2500 of our common Leagues; and from South to North from the Equator to the 72 Parallel or degree of Latitude, which is 72 degrees of Latitude, and makes about 1800 of our Leagues. In this length and breadth we do not comprehend the Islands which belong to Asia, which are as great, as rich, and possibly as numerous, as all the rest of the Universe.
Its Scituation, for the most part, is between the Circular Tropick of Cancer, and the Circle of the Artick Pole scarce extending it self beyond this, but surpassing the other in divers of its Isles, which it expands under the Equator: so that almost all Asia is scituate in the Temperate Zone; what it hath under the Torrid, being either Peninsula's or Isles, which the Waters and Sea may easily refresh.
ASIA being the greatest, the best, and most temperate part of our Continent, it must by consequence be the richest; which not only appears in the goodness and excellencies of its Grains, Vines, Fruits, Herbs, &c. but likewise in its great quantities of Gold, Silver, Precious Stones, Spices, Drugs, and other Commodities and Rarities, which it sends forth and communicates to other parts, and particularly to Europe.
Amongst the three divisions of our Continent, Asia is that which hath the fairest advantage for its greatness, and for its scituation; being that Country which saw the Creation of the first Man, the making of the first Woman; which fed the first Patriarks, gave a place to the Terrestrial Paradise; that which received the Ark of Noah after the Flood; which was the Portion of Sem, the eldest Son of Noah, which built the Tower of Babel, which furnished the rest of the World with Inhabitants; which established the Monarchies of the Assyrians, Medes, Babylonians, and Persians; which formed the Arts and Sciences, Letters and Laws; which first and after the Law of Nature received Paganism, Judaism, Christianity, and Mahumetanism; which saw the Birth, Life, Death, and Resurrection of the Saviour of the World: And therefore for all these Reasons we ought to esteem Asia much above either Africa or Europe. But let us proceed to its Name, Bounds, and Divisions.
The Name of ASIA is derived diversly by sundry Authors, but whether it took its name from a Virgin-Woman, or a Philosopher; whether from some City, Country, or Marish, or from whatever it were, most certain it is, that that Name was first known to the Greeks, on that Coast opposite to them towards the East; afterwards it was given to that Region which extends to the Euphrates, and which is called Asia Minor, and was communicated to all the most Oriental Regions of our Continent.
Its Bounds are towards the North, with the Northern frozen, or Scythian Ocean, to wit, that which washes Tartary; on the East and South with the Oriental or Indian Ocean, the Parts of which are the Seas of China, India, and Arabia. Towards the West, Asia is separated from Africa by the Red-Sea, from the Streight of Babel-Mandel unto the Isthmus of Suez; and from Europe, by the Archipelago, by the Sea of Marmora, and by the Black-Sea; drawing a Line cross all these Seas, and passing by the Streight of Galipoli, or the Dardanelles; by the Streight of Constantinople, or Chanel of the Black-Sea, by the Streight of Caffa or Vospero; the Line continuing by the Sea of Zabaque, and by the Rivers of Don or Tana, of Volga and of Oby, where they are joyned the nearest one to another.
Asia may be divided into firm Land, and Islands; the firm Land comprehends the Kingdoms of Turkey in Asia, Arahia, Persia, India, China, and Tartary: We will follow this order, and then end with the Isles.

1685. Geographia universalis: the present state of the whole world by Pierre Duval.

This part of the World, which is called the Levant, by reason of its scituation on the East of Europe, and of Africa, is the greatest of the three, which compose our Continent. Its Length from the West to the East, is full two thousand, five hundred French Leagues from the Western parts of Natolia, to the most Eastern parts of China. If we include herein the Territories of Tartary, as far as the Channel of Piecko, and the Streight of Ʋries, which separate it from the Land of Jesso, this length would contain above thirty Degrees of Longitude more. The Breadth of Asia, without comprehending therein the Islands, is seventy two Degrees, which make above eighteen hundred of the forementioned Leagues, and all this in the Northern Temperate Zone, except some Peninsula's, which are in the Torrid Zone.
Several do believe that the Terrestrial Paradice was in Asia, and so that Adam was Created there. Asia was the Lot of Sem, the Eldest of Noah's Sons. God has wrought herein the principal Mysteries of the ancient and new Law, and therein Jesus Christ was born. 'Twas in Asia, that Man did first breath. From Asia came the Customs, Religions, Manners, Laws, and Learning, which after the Universal Deluge, spread themselves into other parts of the Earth. Asia is famous for the Monarchies of the Assyrians, Medes, Babylonians, Persians, and Califfs; for the Phoenician People, who first taught the Greeks, and other Nations, a good part of the Arts and Sciences.
The four principal Religions are followed there: The Jewish, the Mahometan, and Idolatrous, more than the Christian: Idolatry began there among the Assyrians; Judaism amongst the Hebrews; Christianity in the Holy Land; and Mahometism in Arabia.
Several Missions have been established there by Christian Princes, those of Turkey, under the Protection of France; those of the Indies, under the Protection of Portugal; those of the Philippines, under the Protection of Castile. There are four Archbishopricks, and seven Bishopricks, in the East-Indies, where likewise the Jesuits have three Provinces, that of Goa, that of Malabar, and that of Japan. Since the Peace of the Year 1659, France sent thither the Bishops of Heliopolis, Metellopolis, Berite, and Caesarea, with design of setling Christianity, and of carrying it as far as into China. They have made considerable progresses, notwithstanding the impositions of the Spaniards, who would have impos'd on the Bishop of Heliopolis, Intreagues of affairs of State, and made him take a turn round the World without his desiring it. Mahometism is receiv'd by the four principal Nations of Asia, by the Turks, Arabians, Persians, and Tartars. The Turks in matters of Religion, are the freest, the Arabians, the most superstitious, the Persians, the most rational, and the Tartars, the most simple. Some make up the number of seventy two Sects of them, which are commonly reduced to two, to that of the Turks, following the Doctrin of Homar, and to that of the Persians, according to the Doctrin of Hali. These last have their Patriarch at Ispahan; the Turks have theirs at Bagdad. The Greeks have theirs, who bear the names of Antioch, and Jerusalem. There be still other Schismaticks, Jacobites, who have their Patriarch at Caramit; Nestorians, Cophites, Georgiens; Syrians, who bear the name of their Chief, and not of Syria; And Armenians. These last have two Patriarcks, the one at Nassivan in Media, the other at Ciz in Cilicia. The Maronites have theirs at Canobin in Mount Libanus. The Papists boast of having brought over several to their Church, within a few years past.
Asia towards the West, is separated from Africa, by the Red Sea, and by the Isthmus of Sues: It is divided from Europe, by several Seas, and Streights, which I shall enumerate in the Article upon Europe. Towards the other Regions of the World, Asia is environ'd with the Ocean, known under the Name of Tartary, towards the North; under that of China, towards the East; and under that of the Indies, towards the South. Some have endeavoured to persuade us, that the Hollanders have of late traded into Japan, by the Sea of Tartary; if this be true, those people keep that Voyage very secret, and are much afraid that other Nations should have any knowledge thereof. The principal Seas within the Inland Country, are the Caspian, which now receives other Names from the Provinces, and Cities which are near it. It has salt Waters, tho' it has the Fish of Fresh Waters: This made the Ancients believe, in that it communicated with the Ocean, it may well communicate with some Sea, by the subterraneous Meatus: It receives several great Rivers, and nevertheless does not swell. The Sea El-Catif, is that of Persia. The Dead Sea is small in respect of others, yet it is famous by reason of the Holy Land, where it is; It has this name of the Dead Sea given it, because its Waters have no Motion.
The principal Rivers of Asia are, the Euphrates, Tigris, Indus, Ganges, Quiam, and Obi.
Caucasus, and Taurus, so celebrated by the Ancients, are the highest Mountains in this part of the World; The Inhabitants of the Country have them under other Names.
The Air, almost of all Asia, is found to be temperate. If we consider its Gold, Silver, precious Stones, Drugs, Spices, Silk, Stuffs; we must own, that it is the richest, as well as the most temperate, part of the World. The fishing for Pearls is in three principal places, at the Isle Baharem in the Persian Sea, the Island Manar upon the Coast of the Indus, and that of Ainan near China. Amongst the Products of Asia, they esteem the Diamonds of Golconda and Narsin•a, the Pepper and Ginger of Malabar, the Stuffs of Bengala, the Rubies and Lacca of Pegu, the Dainties and Knacks of China; the Cinnamon of Ceilan, the Gold of Sumatra, the Camphire of Borneo, the Cloves of the Molucco's, the Nutmegs of Banda, the Sanders of Timor.
Four of the seven Wonders of the World, were in Asia; the Temple of Diana at Ephesus, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Walls of Babylon, the Colossus at Rhodes; the Statue of Jupiter Olympicus, was in Europe, the Pharos, and the Pyramids, in Africa.
The Asiaticks have ever been a people addicted to pleasures, except some Tartars, who by their incursions incommode their Neighbours continually; they love fish more than flesh, wherefore Priests, in their Fasts and Lents, eat only flesh.
Asia is under the Dominion of Potent Monarchs, who can easily bring great Armies on foot; of whom those of the Turks are the best Disciplin'd. The most considerable of those Sovereigns, are the Grand Segnior, who resides in Europe; the King of Persia; the Great Cham of Tartary, at present, King of China in part; and the great Mogul. Several other great Princes are in Georgia, Arabia, Tartary, in the Indies, and in most of the Islands. Divers people maintain their liberty in the Mountains. The principal place of the Conquests of Portugal, is Goa, that of the Hollandens, Jacatra, otherwise Batavia, in the Isle of Java. The English and the French, have their chief place of Traffick at Surat. The Spaniards possess the Philippine Islands, the Moscovites sway the best part of the Desart of Tartary, which commonly be attributed to Asia.
In the division of this part of the World, some Authors make it to be Inferior, and Exterior, in respect of Mount Taurus. By this same Mountain the Greeks have made it a Citerior, or Northorn, and Ʋlterior, or Southern in respect of them; we divide it into Terra-firma and Islands. The Countrys of the Terra, firma, are towards the West, the Asian Turky, Georgia, and Arabia; towards the middle Persia; towards the North Tartary; towards the East China; towards the South India, divided into Terra-firma, which is the Empire of the Mogul, and into two Peninsula's, the one on this, and the other on that, side the Ganges. The Islands are in the Eastern Sea, that is, that of the Indies, where are found to be the greatest Riches, and perhaps in greater number, than in all the rest of the Universe. These Islands are the Maldives, Ceilan, those of the Sound, and Japan, the Philippins, and the Moluccoes. There are some Islands of Asia in the Mediterranean Sea, Cyprus, Rhodes, and others in the Archipelago.

1652. Cosmographie in four bookes by Peter Heylyn.

ASIA is bounded on the West with the Mediterranean, and Aegean Seas, the Hellespont, Propontis, Thracian Bosphorus, and the Euxine Sea; the Palus Maeotis, the Rivers Tanais, and Duina; a line being drown from the first of the two said Rivers unto the other; by all which parted from Europe. On the North it hath the main Scythick Ocean; on the East the Streits of Aman (if such there be) the Indian Ocean, and Mare Del Zur, by which separated from America: on the South, the Mediterranean, or that part of it which is called the Carpathian, washing the shores of Anatolia; and the main Southern Ocean, passing along the Indian, Persian, and Arabian coasts: and finally, on the South-west the Red Sea or Bay of Arabia, by which parted from Africk. Environed on all sides with the Sea, or some Sea-like Rivers, except a narrow Isthmus in the South-west, which joynes it to Africk; and the space of ground (whatsoever it be) betwixt Duina, and Tanais, on the North-west, which unites it to Europe.

It took this name, as some will have it, from Asia, the daughter of Oceanus and Thetis, the wife of Japetus & (by him) mother to Prometheus: as others say from Asius the son of Atis, a King of Lydia, from whence that Conntrey first, afterwards all Ana•olia or Asia Minor, and finally, the whole Continent had the name of Asia. Others again (but more improbably) derive the name from Asius the Philosopher, who gave the Palladium unto the Trojans; in memory whereof that Countrey first, and after the whole Continent did receive this name. But these Originations being very uncertain, Bochartus (out of his great affection to the Punick or Phoenician language) will have it called so from Asi•, a Phanician word, signifying M•aium, or the middle: because Anatolia or the Lesser Asia, which gives name (as he conceiveth) to the Greater also, lieth in the middle, as it were betwixt some parts of Europe and Africa. And so farre the Conjecture doth find countenance from some antient writers, that Asia is said by Plinie to be inter Africam & Europan, to be betwixt Africa and Europe; by Mela, Medium nostris oequoribus excipt, to be embraced in the middle of two Seas (he meaneth Pontus Euxinus and the Mediterranean) and finally, by Eustathius (conceive them all of Anatolia or the Lesser Asia) 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, to have a middle situation betwixt Europe and Africa. But by what name, and on what grounds soever it be called by the Greeks and Latines; it is otherwise, and with better reason called in holy Scriptures by the name of Semia; as being that portion of the world, wherein the whole posterity of Sem had their seates and dwellings: If the observation of Maginus be of any weight.

It is situate East and West from the 52. to the 169 degree of Longitude: and North and South from the 82 degree of Latitude to the very Aequator; some onely of the Islands lying on the South of that 〈◊〉 so that the longest Summers day in the Southern parts is but twelve houres onely; but in the most Northern parts hereof for almost four whole moneths together no night at all. And for a measurement by miles, it stretches in length 5200. and in bredth 4560. miles.

This Countrey hath heretofore been had in especiall honour, 1. For the Creation of man, who had his first making in this part of the world 2. Because in this part of it stood the garden of Eden, which he had for the first place of his habitation. 3. Because here flourished the four first great Monarchies of the Assyrian, Babylonian•, M•d•s and Persians. 4. Because it was the Scene of almost all the memorable actions which are recorded by the pen-men of the holy Scriptures. 5. Because that here our Saviour CHRIST was bor•, here wrought he most divine miracles, and here accomplished the great work of our Redemption. 6. And finally because from hence all Nations of the World had their first beginning, on the dispersion which was made by the sonnes of Noal, after their vain attempt at Babel.

The chief Mountains of this great Continent, not limited within the bounds of any one Province (for of those we are to speak in their severall places) are 1. Mount Taurus, which having its beginning in 〈◊〉 a Province of An•iol••, passeth directly East-wards to the Indian Ocean: and reckoning in its severall wind •gs, & turnings with its spurs and branches every way, is said to be 6250. miles long, and 357 m. broad. This Mountain, or rather Ridge of hils, divideth the Greater Asia (as the Aequator doth the World into North and South: memorable for three difficult passages from the one to the other, the first out of the 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 into Ciliciae, called Pylae Ciliciae; the second out of Scythia or Tarterie, into Turcoma••, called 〈◊〉 Portae; and the third out of Scythia into Persia, called Portae Caspia. Of which and of the whole course of this Mountain, more at large hereafter. 2. Imaus, which beginning neere the sheres of the Northern Ocean runneth directly towards the South; dividing the Greater Asia (as the Meridian doth the World) into East and West, and crossing Mount Taurus in right Angles, in or about the Longitude of 140. This on the North of Taurus hath no other name among the Latines, then Imaus onely: and by that name divide • Scythia into Scythia intra Imaum, and Scythia extra Imaum: but by the Tartars is called Altay, by some writers Belgion. And on the South-side of that Mountain is known in Ptolomy by the name of B•••go, extending from Mount Caucasus, or some other Branch of the Ta•rus to the Cape of C•mari in the Southern Ocean: supposed by some to be Mount Sephar mentioned, Gen. 10. v. 30. of which we shall say more also when we come into India.

The estate of Christianity in this vast Continent is in ill condition, discountenanced and oppressed, though no• quite extinguished. For all the great Princes and Commanders of it being either Mahometans or Pagans; the most that can be hoped for of the Christian Faith, is a toleration or connivence: and that not found but with an intermixture of such afflictions as commonly attend discountenanced and disgraced Religions. Yet is not Christianity so over-powered either by Mahomet •nisme or Paganisme,, but that in Asia the Lesser, Syria, Palestine, and Armenia, a great part of the inhabitants do retain the Gospel, under their severall Pa••••chs and Metropolitans: differing in some few points from one another; but in many from the Church of Rome, with which they hold neither correspondency nor Communion. Nor want there many Christian Churches in the Empire of Persia, nor in those of Tartarie and the Indies, antiently planted in those Countreys; besides the late increase thereof in the Eastern Islands, by the diligent preaching of the J•suites and some late Factories there setled by the English and Hollanders: of all which I shall write in place convenient.

In reference to the Roman Empire, whose Dominion did not often extend beyound the River Euphrates, this Continent conteined onely three Dioceses or Juridicall Circuits; that is to say, the Diocese of Pontus, Asia properly so called, and the Ortentall: which with the Dioceses of Thrace and Egypt, were under the command of the Praefec•us Praetorio Orient is; the greatest Officer of power and jurisdiction, next to the Emporours themselves in the Roman Monarchie. And these three Dioceses conteined in them to the number of thirty seven Provinces, viz. the Provinces of Bithynnia, 2. Helenopontus. 3. Pontus Polemoniacus. 4 Galatia Prim•. 5. Galatta Salutaris. 6. Honorius. 7. Paphlagonia. 8. Cappadocia prima. 9. Cappa〈◊〉. 10. Armema prima, and 11. Armenia secunda, conteined in the Diocese of Pontu•, and governed by the Vicarius or Lieutenant thereof: II. the Provinces of Pamphylia. 2. Lycia. 3. Car••. 4. 〈◊〉 5. Lycaon•a. 6. Lyd•a. 7. Phrygia Pacatiana. 8. Phrygia Salutaris. 9. Asia specially so called. 10. Hellespont, and 11. the Isles of Anatolia. making up the Diocese of Asia: whereof the three last were governed by a peculiar Officer called the Proconsul of Asia, the others by the ordinary Lieutenant or Vicar•us. III. The Provinces of Isauria. 2. Cilicia prima. 3. Cilicia secunda. 4. Cyprus. 5. Phanices. 6. Ph••nices Labani. 7. Syria. 8. Syria Salutaris. 9. Palestina prima. 10. Palestina secunda. 11. Palestina Salutaris. 12. Euphratensis. 13. Osroene. 14. Mesopotamia, and 15. Arabia, constituting the Diocese of the Orient, under the Comes Orientis. The rest of Asia subject unto the Parth•• or Persian Kings, besides those of India (and of many Regions and Countreys not then discovered) was never conquered by the Roman•, and therefore not within the compasse of this distribution.

At this time A•ia stands divided amongst nine great Monarchs, that is to say, the Turke commanding all these parts and Provinces which antiently belonged to the Roman Empire: 2. The Persian, ruling in all the Provinces beyond Euphrate•, possessed by the Persian Kings in the time of Alexander the great, or the 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 in the times of the Romans. 3. The Great Cham of Tartarie, commanding eve all the North part of Asia, an•iently known by the name of Seythia: 4. The King of China governing in that large and populous Countrey. 5. The King of Barma; whose dominion comprehends all or the greatest part of India beyond the River of Ganges; and the Great Mogor, whose Empire is extended over all India on this side of that River. And some there be who in the descriptions of this great Continent follow this division. But for our parts for the better understanding of the Greek and the Roman stories and the estate of the Assyrian, Babylonian and Persian Monarchies, to which the holy Scriptures do so much relate: we shall consider it as divided into the Regions of 1. Anatolia, or Asia Minor. 2. Cyprus. 3. Syria. 4. Pa•••• 5. Arabia. 6. Chaldaea. 7. Assyria. 8. Mesopotamia. 9. Turconanian. 10. Media. 11. Persia. 12. Tartaria. 13. China. 14. India, and 15. the Oriental Islands.

ASIA
In Scripture, called Semia, from Sem, bounded on the West with the Mediterranian, Aegean, the Helespont, Propontis, Thracian, Bospherus, and the Euxine Sea towards Europe; On the South with the Carpathian Sea, and the Southern Ocean towards Affrica; On the East with the Indian Sea, and Maredel-zur towards America; On the North with the main Scythick Ocean; all Sea-bound, except a narrow Istmus, in the South-west towards Affrica.
Scituated E. and W. from 52 to the 169 degree of Longitude, N. S. to the 82 degree of Latitude to the Aequator, longest day, except in Northern parts, 12 hours, length 5200, breadth 4560 miles, famous for being the Scene of the Creation, Redemption, and first Monarchs of the World.
Here's Mount Taurus from Lycia to the Indian shore, 6240 long, and 357 broad, memorable for three difficult passages, first, Pylae Ciliciae; secondly, Caucatiae; thirdly, Portae Caspiae. 2. Imaus crossing Taurus 36 Monarchies, those Mountains of power; 1 the Turkish, 2 the Persian, 3 the Cham of Tartary, 4 the Chinois, 5 the King of Barma, 6 the Great Mogor: and 4 Religions, Christianity improved much lately by Trade, Judaisme, Paganisme, and Mahumetanisme.

I. Asia minor

A Peninsula, between 51 and 72 degrees of longitude, 36 and 45 of Latitude, 630 miles long from the Helespont, to Euphrates, and 260 broad from Sinus Issicus to Trapezond; healthful and fruitful between the middle parallel of the 4h clime, and the middle parallel of the 6th, as good for Horses, according to the Turkish Proverb, as Europe is for horsemen.
Here's 1. Pontus, where are 1 the mid-land towns, Claudiopolis, Flaviopolis, Juliopolis, called so from the Roman Emperours that built them. 2. the Sea-towns, as 1 Heraclea Ponti, the seat and residence of an Emperour formerly, and now a place of good Trade. 2 Diospolis on the Euxine Sea. 3 Amastris. 4 Sinope on a Promontory shooting into the Main. 5 Castamona. 6 Favagoria. 7 Amasia, where the Grandsigniour's Eldest Son is kept alwayes as soon as circumcised till his Fathers death. 8 Diopolis, where Mithredates escaped Lucullus, by strewing treasure in his way. 9 Polemonium. 10 Hermanassa. 11 Nixana. 12 Sebastia; hereabouts were the war-like Amazons, that had no Males among them; going to their Neighbour Nations once in three years for copulation, and if they brought forth Males, they sent them to their Fathers, if Females they kept them. 13 Cerasus, whence Cherries were brought to Rome A. V. C. 680. 14 Ischopolis. 15. Trapezond on the Euxine Sea, a famous Empory for Salt-fish, an adjoyning Mountain affording a black stone, that when beaten serves for salt; and for being the station of the Turkish Gallies, that are to clear the black Sea.

II. Fruitful Bythinia

Eastward of Pontus, Westward and Northward the Euxine Sea, & Phrygiaminor, whererein 1 Scutori well Garrisoned, and Orcharded with Maiden tower over against the Haven of Constantinople. 2 Nicomedia much frequented for its fresh springs, & pleasant plains. 3 Prusa or Brussa, the Turk's Imperial Seat before Adrianople, and now their Sepulture large and wealthy. 4 Poor Caleedon, where Constantine intended to build his Seat, but that Eagles carried the workmens lines to Bizantium, and where was the 4th General Council, consisting of 530 Bishops against Nestorius. 5 Nice, now Neichia, or Isnichs, famous for two Councils held therein; one famous A. 314 by Constantine, the other by Errene.

III. Galatia, or Chaunger

E. Cappadocia. N. Paphlagonia. S. Lycaonia famous for fruits and stones, especially the Amethyst, that keeps men from being drunk as long as they wear it; where people used to cast letters with the deceased into the fire, to be read in another world. Here 1 Ancyra famous for an old Synod, A. 299 and good Chamlets on the bankes of Surgarius. 2 Olenus. 3 Agrinana. 4 Tavium. 5 Androsin. 6 Phaborena. 7 Thorma. 8 Talach Bachora.

IV. Paphlagonia

Now called Rom, E. River Haly, and Cappadocia. N. Pontus, where there are such poor places, as Gangra where Concilium Gangrense 339. 2 Conrula. 3 Pempeiopolis. 4 Germanopolis. 5 Nouna. 6 Andrapa.

V. Phrygia the less

E. Mysia. W. Hellespont. N. S. Propontis and the Aegean Sea: Here is 1 the Ruines of Troy; 2 with its Port Sigaeum; 3 the Sea town Lyrnessus, and Assus, Acts 20.13, where dead bodies are consumed in 40 dayes; and 4 strong Scamandria.

VI. Mysia

E. W. Phrygia the greater and less. N. S. Bythinia, Hellespont, Lydia and the Aegean, where besides the Mountain Olympus, and the Rivers Caicus, and Granicus, is 1 Pergamus on a goodly plain by the banks of Caicus, famous for 1 a great Library, containing 20000 Volumes, whence Parchment called Pergamenum. 2 Tapestry. 3 Galens birth-place, who attained to 140 years of age, by never eating or drinking his fill, nor any thing raw, and by perfumes he carried about him; and one of the 7 Churches in the Revelations.
2 Alydda. 3 Trojanopolis. 4 Praepemissus. 5 Protoselene. 6 Addramittium, Acts 27. 7 Dainta. 8 Scepsis vetus on the Aegean Sea. 9 Parium, and its Marble. 10 Priapus, the filthy Gods Lampsachus.
11 Cyzicus strong and beautiful in the Propontis:
Arce, Maenibus, portu, turribusque marmoreis illustris.
The stones of whose ruines, by an Earth-quake are carried daily to Constantinople.
12 Abydos on the Northwest of the Hellespont, over against Sestos, fortified with two Castles which defend Constantinople on that side from all force by Sea.

VII. Phrygia the greater, or Aidin-Ills

W. Mysia. N. S. Pontus and Lydia. E. Galatia; the Inhabitants famous for afterwit, whence serò sapiunt Phryges; and their Enthusiastick and fantastick musick, which (according to Tullies Mutatâ Musicâ mutantur mores) had a great influence upon their manners. The Country fruitful by the Rivers Sangarius and Marsias.
The towns: 1 Mydeum from Mydas, who because he desired all should be turned to gold he touched, starved because his meat was so. 2 Colloss, vid. Epist. ad Col. 3 Pesinus. 4 Gordion, where the knot which Alexander cut with his sword was.

VIII. Armenia

Surrounded with Taurus, Mons Scordiscus, and Euphrates, and the black River Melas; with Arabyssus, where Chrysostome was banished by Eudoxia. Melitone, now Suur, famous for Wines and Oyls. 3 Strong Gornuc, Nicopolis, and Oromundus.

IX. Cappadocia

X. Asia, properly so called

Now Sarchan or Proconsula; Asia E. N. Lydia and Mysia. S. W. Caria and the Aegean; where 1 Pitane on a River of that name, where they made bricks to swim. 2 Acarnea, where the Tyrant Hermias was baited in Oxes hide. 3 Elea, on the mouth of Caicus, Port to Pergamus. 4 Cene, or Canna. 5 Cuma, where Sybilla Cumaea. 6 Phocaea, called so from the Sea-calves, there called Phocae. 7 Myas destroyed by Flyes. 8 Erythra, whence Sybilla Erithaea. 9 Lebedos. 10 Clazomone of much esteem for good wines.
11 Prieno. 12 Ipsus. 13 Teos Anacreons birth-place.
14 Smyrna, a fair City on a Bay of the name, hanging over the Sea hill-wayes; one of the 7 Churches in the Revelations, and much traded to for Chamlets, Grograins, and such Stuffs, made at Ancyra; here the English have a Consul.
15 Colophon, which put an end to any war that they were ingaged in, whence the phrase Colophonem addere. 16 Ephesus, metropolis of Asia, one of the seven Churches, and memorable for Diana's Temple, 425 foot long, 220 broad, supported with 127 Marble Pillars 70 foot high. 200 years in building; 7 times fired, the last time by Herostratus, the night Alexander was born, Diana the Goddess of Mid-wifery being at his labour. XI. Curia, N. E. Lycia, Lydia, and Ionia S. W. the Aegean and Carpathian Sea, where Auguty was first invented, and Astronomy: Here besides the River Salmacis, that weakens those that drink it, is the City Miletus, Acts 20.10. Thales birth-place, Iren. l. 3. c. 14. 2 Mindus, that was in danger of running out of the Gates. 3 Heraclea ad latmum. 4 Borgillia. 5 Milasa. 6 Primassus, which Philip of Macedon took with a counterfeit mine. 7 Cnidus, famous for a Marble Image of Venus. 8 Cressa. 9 Halicarnassus where Mausolus his tomb, one of the seaven wonders of the World, built by his Wife, was Mart. Epig. 1.1.
XII. Lydia S. E. Phrygia M. and Coria N. W. Asia propriè dicta, and the greater Mysia; the first Inventors of Coyning, Pedling, Huckstering and Gaming were these people, who found out gaming to divert their hunger. The Hills, 1 Siphylus. 2 Tinolus covered with Vines and Saffron, on the Rivers, 1 Hermus. 2 Caystrus. 3 Pactolus and its golden sands. 4 Crooked Maeander, and inriched with Gold, Silver and Gems; the Cities, 1 Sardis, the taking of which by the Graecians so startled Xerxes, that he caused it to be said every day at his Table, (as it was every year in the Parliament of Paris about Calice) the Graecians have taken Sardis. 2 Philadelphia. 3 Thyatira. 4 Laodiceia. 5 Of the Asian Churches. 6 The 2 Maynesia's. 7 Alabanda, and 7 Trall is on the Banks of Caistrus.
XIII. Lycia, environed on three sides, with the Mountain Taurus (and shut in on the 4th with the Mediterranian) famous for that branch of Taurus, here called Chymaera; and 1 the City Mira, Acts 27.5. 2 Telmesus, and its Southsayers. 3 Pratius and its fair haven. 4 Phaselis with its Pyrates, and Brigantines. 5 Cragus, under a Mountain of the name. 6 Aenonda. 7 Corydilla. 8 Rhodia. 9 Solyma; all these now a Part of the Kingdome of Caramania.
XIV. Lycaonia S. E. Armenia minor, and Pisidia N. W. Cappadocia, and Phrygia major; where is, 1 Iconium, now Coynri, scituated advantagiously in the Mountains for defence and safety. 2 Lystra, Acts 14.19, 20. 3 Derbe. 4 Laranda. 5 Adopistus. 6 Paralais. 7 Camara, and 8 Caratha.
XV. Pasidia N. Lycaonia, E. Armenia the less, W. Lycia, S. Pamphilia and Cilicia; where is 1 old Antioch, Acts 4. 2 Impenetrable Seleucia, and Termessus. 3 Fruitfull and pleasant Sagalassa, Selge, Cremna, and Lysinia.
XVI. Isauria E. S. Cilicia on both sides Taurus, plentifull in Vines and other rich products, about the River Calecadnus, where besides the ruined Isauria, is the rich and well-traded Seleucia, and Claudipolis.
XVII. Cilicia S. Mediterranian and Syria, rich in Soyl, and conveniently scituated on the Sea-coast for Trade; but meanly inhabited, and therefore yielding only Goats, Sheep, Butter and Cheese, with good Horses, where 600 are yearly called for the Grand-Seigniours Service, where (besides the Rivers thundering Pyramis now Malmistra. 2 Orymasdus. 3 Calycadnus. 4 Cold Cidnus, that cureth the Gout; and the impassable Streights, called Pylae Ciliciae) are the Cities, 1 Solae, where Pompey setled the Pyrates in an honest way of livelihood. 2 Tarsus, now Tersia and Hamsa, St. Pauls birth-place on the banks of Cydnus to this day strong and wealth. 3 Epiphania. 4 Mopsuestia. 5 Anchiala on the Sea side neer the Promontory Zephyrium. 6 unwalled, but well defended Adena, well known to the Travellers over Taurus, for its plentiful provision of Wine and Corn. 7 Famous Issus, now Aiazzo on the Bay called Golfo di Aaiazzo. 8 Unwholesom, Fenny, but commodiously seated, and traded Alexandria, now a few houses of straw and mud; the nearest Haven to the Bay of Aleppo, and called Scanderoon. 9 Nicopolis. 10 Amavarza. 11 Fair and large Heraclea. 12 Scandelow.
XVIII. The Isles of Asia minor, from the mouth of the Hellespont to Rhodes; among which, 1 Penedos over against Sigeum, now Cape Janizarie, 10 miles round producing good Wine and Crab-fish, with a Town of the name;
Nunc tantum sinus & statio malesida Carinis.
2 Lesbos 168 miles round, S. W. Barren. N. E. Level and fruitful, with excellent Corn, and delicious Wine, where is Lesbos. 2 Methymna. 3 Mytelene, Seated on a Peninsula, a commodious Haven on the North-side for Gallies, S. for other ships, well fortified by Art and Nature, with a strong Castle, and a well stored Arsenal. 4 Vasilica. 5 Theodori. 6 Castle-Gera.
3 Chios, over against the shore of Jonia 126 miles compass, the only place for Mastick, a gum cut out of the bark of the Lentisne tree in July and August, and gathered in September, yielding 18000 Sultanies yearly; besides, good for Corn, Oyl, Marble, some Silks, and Cotton wooll, short of those in Smyrna; Honey, and most delicious wines, with an infinite store of red tame Partridges; the inhabitants merry Greeks, and grave Genoese: the most eminent places here, 1 Pigrine. 2 St. Elias. 3 Chios now Sio, full of Oranges, Lemons, Pomegranates, Citrons, on a good Haven, secured by a Garrison, and watch-towers on the shore, and directed to by a Lanterne. 4 Samos S. E. Chios, 85 miles about, abounding with Oyl, and Olives, with a medicinal earth, called terra samia; store of timber, on a fair and capacious Haven, much infested with Pyrats. 5 Iscaria, now Niceria. W. Samos 37 miles round, neighboured by two dangerous rocks, abounding with Pasture and Corn: no Haven, but good Roads:
Icarus Icariis nomina fecit aquis.
6 Palmos. now Palmosa, fruitful in Wheat and Pulse, with a fair Haven. 7 Claros and Lexo, where abundance of Aloes and good harbours. 8 Coos, Cos, or Cous, a level in that part of the Aegean, called the Myrtcan-Sea, now Lange, famous for Tiffanies, Vinum Cos, Cypres-trees, Turpentine, and its sweet springs, 70 mile circuit; famous for Aesculapius his Temple, and Hippocrates his Birth. Carpathres S. Caria in the Mediterranian 60 miles compass, happy in its Marble and Ports, especially neer Scarpanto. 9 Rhodes over against Lycia 140 miles round, of a most temperate air, and most fruitfull and pleasant soyl, the Sun every day shining upon it; where is Lindum now Lindo a petty town; Rhodes on the East of the Isle, on the side of a hill near the Sea, with a safe and commodious Haven treble walled, fortified with 13 Turrets, and 5 strong Bull-works, besides sconces and outworks; Here was the Colosse 7 Cubits high, each finger as big as a man, 12 years in building, and one of the 7 Wonders, whence it was called Colossa.
XIX. Cyprus 550 miles round on the Cilician and Syrian Seas, from each main Land above 60 miles, having 10 Promontories, and having had 10 names, as famous for Cypresses as Rhodes is for Roses, under the 4th Climate, hot, abounding with Wine, Oyl, Corn, Sugar, Cotton, Honey, Wool, Turpentine, Allom, Verdegreese, all sorts of Mettals, store of Salt, Grograins; besides Lycus and Lapithes small Torrents, and some springs running from Olympus, which is here 54 Italian miles round, loaded with Trees and Fruits of all sorts, where is ruined Paphos, now called new Paphos and Baffo, on the Sea side. 2 Arfino. 3 Trepano, a well seated, and traded port. 4 Connelia rich in Sugar, and Cotton-Wool. 5 Cithera. 6 Amathus. 7 Episcopio a considerable place neer the Promontory Curias. 8 Salines and its rich Salt-pits. 9 Strong Nicosia, in the midst of the Isle, both pleasantly and fruitfully scituated, and exactly round. 10 Wholesome Cerines neer the Sea; 1 Famagusta raised out of the Ruines of Salamis in the E. end of the Island in a plain and low ground, between two Promontories, Cape St. Andrew, and Capo de Griego 4 square, 2 miles about, with a haven (opposite to Tripolis in Syria) opening towards the South-East, defended from the injury of the Sea by two great Rocks, betwixt which the Sea cometh in at a narrow passage, not above 40 paces broad, but after opening wider and wider, to a conveniency of safety and capacity assured both by the difficult Entrance, and a Chain crossed over it. 12 Arsinoe, now called Lescare. 13 Tamassus, eminent for brasse mines, and a great quantity of Verdegreese, and Vitriol found neer it. 14 Idalium, the yearly custome upon Salt is here 500000 Crowns.
XX. Syria, W. Mediterranean, S. Palestine and Arabia E. Euphrates, N. Cilicia, and the lesser Armenia; 525 miles long from Taurus to Arabia. 470 miles broad from the Mediterranean to Euphrates, the language Arabick, the religion Christian, Mahumetan, Pagan, or a mixture of all professed by the Drusians: the prime Rivers, 1 Chorsaeus or Chison. 2 Orontes now Saldino. 3 Eleutherus now called Casmar. 4 Singos. 5 Euphrates: the Mountains, 1 Carmel. 2 Piena. 3 Casius, four miles high. 4 Libanus, famous for Cedars, Frankincense and Honey falling on the boughs of the trees; 150 miles long from Sidon in Phaenicia, to Smyrna in Caelosyria, inhabited by Maronite Christians, that pay the Grand-Seignior 17 Sultanies a man when above 12 years of age.

In Phaenicia, a maritine part of Syria of great traffique, formerly was 1 the famous port Ptolemais razed to the ground, 1291. 2 And the ancient Mart of Tyre. 3 Sarepta or Sarphath on the Sea-coast, between Tyre and Sidon, and its good wines. 4 Sidon, in a rich valley between Libanus Northward, and Antilibanus Southward; the inhabitants whereof, the first makers of Chrystal Glass, Zech. 9.2. the matter thereof flowing thither from the adjoyning Rivers, with an haven for Gallies, and a Block-house. 5 Bunitus. 6 Biblis. 7 Orthosia lately Tortosa. 8 Tripolis, eminent for Amaza Franki, Kell-franhe, and other fruits, and two miles from the Sea, and half a mile from the haven on the west-side of it; rich in Gardens, Springs, and Silk-worms, whose Silks they sell raw to the Italians, and much increased by the trade of Scanderoon, and well fortified.

In Syria, properly so called, S. Phaenicia; rich in 1 Fruits, especially Figs, hanging about the high ways. 2 Sheep with great tails, weighing 25 pound and upwards; & 3 great store of Cotton-wool: is 1 Rugia. 2 Hierapolis. 3 Barbarssus. 4 Chalcis. 5 Telnedissa. 6 Laodicea and its good wines. 7 Apamea. 8 Emesa or Hamse in a spacious and fruitful plain, and well watered. 9 Epiphania. 10 Laris. 11 Gebal, Ps. 83, now Gabella. 12 Aradus. 13 Daphne. 14 Antioch seated on both sides the River Orontis, twelve miles from the Mediterranean, the River Parsar passing on the South-side of it, now ruined. 15 Alburia.

In Comagena E. Euphrates and Mesopotamia, W. Amamus and Cilicia. N. Taurus and Armenia the less, a place famous for Divination, was Samosata. 2 Germanica. 3 Singa. 4 Pinora. 5 Aleppo, the Aleph or first of Syria, on the bank of Singas, kept up, because commodiously scituated for the trade of the whole world between three ports of Tripolis, Berytus, and Alexandretta in Turkey, besides the Persian Territories, where the English Merchants have three houses for stowage, and a coul; the building low, and arched before their doors, and the scite pleasant among Gardens, and secure rather than strong. 6 Aman between Tripoli and Aleppo, pleasantly seated on two Hills, and environed with Orchards of Palme trees, and very good fruits. 7 Byrrah and those places, Esr. 37.13. 2 Kings 18.34.

In Palmyrene, N. Comagena wholesome for hot Springs, but not well Rivered, is 1 Palmyra, see 1 Chron. 8.4. 2 Sura. 3 Alamath.

In Caelosyria the Syria so much spoken of in the Books of Kings and Chronicles, is 1 Heliopolis, now Balbec. 2 Chalcis, west of Damascus in the shades of Libanus. 3 Abila. 4 Adida. 5 Capitolias, now Suente. 6 Damascus scituate in a large plain, environed with hills, and watered with the River Chrysorrous, watering the Orchards and Gardens, whence we have excellent wines; the luscious Damascenes, the sweet Damask Roses, and the curious Damask works. 7 Eden, at the foot of Libanus.

XXI. From Caelosyria, over Hermon we go to Palestine, W. Mediterranean, N. Antilibanus, S. Arabia Petrea; under the third and fourth clime, 200 miles long, and 80 broad, where are first Rivers, 1 Chison. 2 Kidron. 3 Zared and Naphthea. 4 Arnon. 5 Jaboc. 6 Hermon. 7 Jordan, surrounded with Poplars, Tamarishes and Reeds of all sorts, and passing through the Lake of Tiberias without mixture with it into the Mediterranean, and the dead Sea. Secondly, Hills, Sion. 2 Moriah. 3 Calvari. 4 Tabor. 5 Olivet. 6 Gerizim. 7 Savon, now Capo Bianco with its Rosemary, Sweet Mayjorum, Hyssop, Bayes, and other odoriferous plants, besides Leopards, &c. 8 Gilboa. 9 Basan. 10 And Abarim.

In Peraea, a Part of Palestine between Jordan and Arnon, from Pella N. to Petra S. was 1 Recome, 2 Kings 14.7. 2 Midian. 3 Rabbat. 4 Diblathan. 5 Gallim. 6 Muthana. 7 Nathaliel. 8 Bamath. 9 Mizpah. 10 Hor. 11 Kir-harasath. 12 Rabbah. 13 Dathema. 14 Minneth, 15 Abel vinearum. 16 Mitspa. 17 Magod. 18 Bosor. 19 Abel shittim. 20 Bethbara. 21 Machaerus. 22 Leshaa. 23 Midibuh. 24 Bosor. 25 Livias. 26 Libias. 27 Hedemath. 28 Bamath Baal. 29 Heshbon. 30 Adam. 31 Aroer. 32 Dihon. 33 Bethnimrah. 34 Nolioroh. 35 Bethharan. 36 Beth-ezob. 37 Succoth. 38 Jazor. 39 Mahanaim. 40 Rogelim. 41 Ramoth Gilead. 42 Penuel.

In Ituraea another Province, ragged, rude, and given to witch-craft; 1 Hippus. 2 Bathira. 3 Pella. 4 Edrey. 5 Carnaim. 6 Ephron. 7 Jabesh Gilead. 8 Ashteroth. 9 Gaulon. 10 Gamala. 11 Gadara. 12 Gergesa. 13 Juleus. 14 Abel. 15 Gessur. 16 Mahacath. 17 Chauran. 18 Chalsar Havan. 19 Ʋs. 20 Sueta.

In Galilee, rich with all manner of fruit, was 1 Hazor, now Antronia. 2 Capernaum, a poor fisher-town. 3 Hamath. 4 Kadesh. 5 Riblah. 6 Saphet, the onely place where the Jewes have the face of a Common-Wealth. 7 Bethsomes, Carthan, Masoloth and Cinereth. 8 Ascheche, Gabula, Giscala, Cana, Messal pleasantly seated, and of great importance. 9 Jokneham, Zabulon, Cana-major, Barsabe, Dothan, Bethsaida, Nazareth, Jotopata, Tiberis, Bethulia, Japha, Sephoris. 10 Tatihaea, Chishion, Remelh, Enhaddae, Naim, Aphraim, Daborath the Castle of Pilgrims, now Tortora.

In Samaria, rich in Pastures, Cattle, and fruits, is Bethsan, on the banks of Jordan, out of whose ruines many pillars, and other pieces of marble are drawn out. 2 Thirza. 3 Acrabula. 4 Thebes. 5 Ephra. 6 Bezeke. 7 Jezreel. 8 Megiddo. 9 Dora. 10 Caesarea. 11 Antipatris. 12 Saron, and Lidda, or Diospolis, Ramatha, Ajalon, Shempath, Cares, Silo, Bethoron, Michmas, now Byra, Sichem since Nicopolis, Samaria, famous for the marble pillars found there, now nothing but a few Cottages, filled with greek monks.

In Judea, on the Sea coasts from the South of Phaenicia, to the North of Idumaea, is 1 Gath and its New-Castle. 2 Wealthy and strong Accaron. 3 The fair village of Ashdod. 4 The goodly Sea-town, Ascalon, repaired by Rich. I. King of England. 5 Wealthy Gaza, surrounded with its rich and pleasant vallies, and its Port Majoma. 6 Joppa, Joffa with two Turrets with Harquebusses to defend the haven, which lies too open to the North-winds, whither Merchants trade for Cotton-wool, keeping their Factory at Rama on a sandy plain, in the rising of an hill. 7 Modin, where the Macchabees Sepulchre of seven Pillars, so that they are the Seamans marks. 7 Tzara. 9 Healthful Gerar in the south of Canaan. 10 Ziglag. 11 Coreath Sepher since aema an old University. 12 The well fortified frontire-town Beersheba; besides those Cities of the Tribe of Judah: 1 Arad. 2 Hebron. 3 Tecoa. 4 Cerioth. 5 Jether or Jethica. 6 Maresa. 9 Emaus, and its hot baths. 8 Hason, Odalla, Keila, Eleutheropolis, Azeha, Bethsur, Zoar, Mussuda, the strongest place in Judaea, Libna, Ziph, Bethlem, places renowned for Balsom, and those of the Tribe of Benjamin; as 1 Michmas. 2 Mispah. 3 Geba. 4 Gibeah. Ai. 6 Gibeon. 7 Jericho. Anathoth. Gilgal. 10 Bethel; Ramath. 11 Jerusalem, to whose ruines many repair out of devotion, more out of curiosity, paying the Turk nine Crowns a man, amounting yearly to 80000 Ducats, only low roofed houses built here and there for two miles compass, looking handsomly at distance; inhabited by mean Artezans of all Nations and Religions.

In Idumea, E. S. Arabia Petraea, W. Mediterranean that dry and sandy place, bearing nothing but Palm-trees, besides the two Hills, Mount Seir and Cassius are remarkable, 1 Dinahahath, Gen. 36.32, 35, 37. 2 Anthedon, a port town on S. River Boser against Gaza. 3 Well fortified Rhino curura. 4 Ostracine, now Stragione on the Sea-side beneath Anthedon, and some few Villages inhabited by Arabians, and Castles kept by the Turks in the way to Egypt; as 5 Hamones, Harista, and Cario, Custome houses near Gaza, so ill watered, that the chief men there have all their water from Tena, twelve miles off, on the Coast of Aegypt; all these places under the Turk, though inhabited by the hated Jews in many places, who every Easter are in danger of that death they inflicted on our Saviour, by reason of their Ʋsury and Brocage, together with their being the Turks Publicans, and Tax-gatherers, their Nation stinks, as much as they said their bodies do.

XXII. Arabia E. Chaldea, and Gulph of Persia, W. Palestine and the Red Sea, N. Euphrates, S. Main Southern Ocean; the Language Arabick, which is the Language of most Mahumetan Countries, the Alcoran being Writ, and most of their offices performed in it.

Hath in that Part called Arabia deserta, now Benoni, E. Babylonia, N. Mesopotamia, W. Palestina, S. Arabia foelix, Jobs Country, onely one remarkable place (being nothing but Rocks and Deserts) and that is Semischusach formerly called Saba, and some other Villages peopled by the civil Moors.

In the Rocky (Petrea) not travelled but in Carvans only by Merchants with their Camels, who bring their food with them, the wandring and Idle Inhabitants having nothing but Milk, Herbs, and Venison; Besides, 1 Mount Sinai, where there is a mesque of Turkish Pilgrims. 2 Horeb, now Orel, where is a Monastry of Greek Monks. 3 Hor. where is 1 Petra now Crat, neer Mount Hor. the treasury of Aegypt, and the Key to Palestine. 2 Bosra, now Bassereth of good esteem. 3 Elama, on a Bay of the Red-sea, called Sinus Elanicus. 4 Berenice, or Ezion-Geber, the harbour for the ships going to Ophir. 5 Sur and Havilah on the Gulfs of Persia and Arabia, &c.

In that portion of it called Arabia the happy, now Ailman, E. of Persia, W. Arabian Gulf, S. Ocean-abounding with Myrrh, Balsom, Frankincense, Gold and Precious Stones, with Corn, Cattels, Wines, quiet Roads and Harbours, besides medicinal waters, eminent for the Phaenix, and the Ostrich that digesteth Iron, are now upon the ruines of the old places mentioned by Ptolomy.

Egra neer Sinus Elaniticus on the Red Sea, or Algiar port-town to Medina, three dayes Journey from it. 2 Jatrib being between. 3 Medina Talnabi, ill and poorly seated, but rich by the confluence of Pilgrims that flock thither to Mahomets Tomb (and Temple where burn 3000 Lamps continually) inclosed in an Iron Grate, and covered with Velvet, sent thither yearly by the Grand Seignior, the old Pall being cut into Relicks. 4 Cusa, the Counsel-place. 5 Mecca neer Medina the great Mart of the Commodities of Arabia, Persia and India, carried thence into all parts of the Turkish Empire, no Christian being permitted to come within five miles of it, it being unwalled, no water but rain: 6000 Families yearly visited with three Carvans of Pilgrims from India, Damascus, and Grand-Cair. 6 Zeden haven town to Mecca forty miles off, well built, and of great resort, but weak in a sand on the Red Sea. 7 Zebel, the Metropolis of the Country, neer the Red Sea, well-traded for Sugars, Spice and Fruits. 8 Eltor, the onely port Christians may Inhabit. 9 The well-traded, well fortified, and capacious haven of Aden on the entrance of the Red Sea, neer the Streights, called Babel-Mandel. 10 Oran, the Key of the Southern Ocean. 11 Zean, fifteen miles square. 12 Hor, a Garrison. 13 Muskahal on the Persian Gulf neer Cape Rezel Gate, opposite to Surat in the East Indies, well fortified by the Portugeez.

In the Islands, 1 of the Red Sea, or the Sea of Edom, which are twelve not worth naming, they are so small and desolate, except Dolaqua, one hundred and twenty miles long, and twelve broad, with a City of the name, where they gather Pearls. 2 Hot Camaran. 3 Red Xomou. 2 Of the Southern Ocean from the East of Aethiopia to the Indies. 1 Tylus with Vines, Olives, and good materials for Shipping. 2 Bairen and Gonfiar, where we have the best Pearles in the World in beds of Oysters.

XXIII. Chaldea, E. Persia, W. Arabia the desert, N. Mesopotamia, the Seat (its thought) of Paradise, so fruitfull, that it yieldeth three hundred fold increase; three harvests: the first place of Astronomy, Astrology, Divination and Idolatry, had first Babel that was confounded: Secondly Babylon, formerly one of the worlds wonder, as many furlongs round, as there are dayes in the year, (viz.) 365, 50 Cubits high, and so broad, that Carts might meet upon them; finished in one year by an 100000 workmen on both sides Euphrates, famous for pensile Gardens; and for that the Enemy had entred one end of it, three dayes before the other heard of them; in whose stead now stands Bagdad, a place of great wealth and traffick, about seven miles round, maintained now by the trade of Aleppo by Water, and by Land, in Carvans by Camels, for whose passages publick spirited men have built houses of Receits on the Roads, called Caravane Rowes, or Canes; here they correspond by Pigeons, which they teach by carrying them with them in a Cage to coast any Country. 2 Ctesephon. 3 Sipparum, and its great Trench. 4 Apamia. 5 Balsora, the port to Babylon at the fall of Euphrates to Sinus Persicus where the riches of Arabia, Persia, and some parts of India, are landed and carried to Babylon, and so by water to Aleppo.
XXIII. Assyria, E. Media, W. Mesopotamia. N. Turcomama, where Christianity was planted by St. Jude, and corrupted by the Nestorians; hath 1 Calach. 2 The fruitful, well-seated, and well-shaded Sittace. 3 Arbela, neer which they say Noah built the Ark. 4 Apollonia. 5 Geguamela. 6 Rhezen, which was once delivered up, because the Inhabitants were frighted with an Ecclips of the Son. 7 Mosul, the chief City of Assyria, raysed upon the Ruines of Nineveh, whereof there are hardly any foot-steps, and the seat of the Patriarch of the Nestorians, who call the Pope, the Reprobate Bishop. 8 Strong Arzeri and Scheheruzal.
XXIV. Mesopotamia, E. Tygris, W. Euphrates, N. Taurus, S. Chaldea, now Dearbech, where Christianity was preached by St. Thaddeus hath these remarkable places: 1 Strong Cologenbar. 2 Fair Edessa on the River Scyrtas neer Euphrates. 3 Nisibis. 4 Ʋr. 5 Haran. 6 Amida. (a strong frontier town against the Persians) now Caramit, or Kara Amida, i. e. black Amida. 7 Phalga and Seruts at the meeting of Caphoras with Euphrates. 8 Singara, on a River of the name well fortified. 9 Bezabde on the banks of Tygris; Virta and Merdix impregnable.
XXV. Between Mesopotamia and Turcomania on Mount Taurus; is, 1 Moras, with its hot baths, and abundance of sulphur. 2 Larus Joon, between Omoal the last town of Hircania and Damoan, the first of Media.

XXVI. Turcomania, N. Tartary, S. Mesopotamia and Assyria, W. Euxine Sea Cappadocia, and Armenia minor, E. Media and Caspean Sea hath 1 In that Port called Armenia major, equally composed of hills and dales, rich in Cattle and Fruits; famous for rich Tapestries, Grograines and watered Chamlets, which by a priviledge under Mahomets own hand above other Christians, they sell all over Turkey, using the Armenian Tongue, Christened by St. Bartholomew, are, first the Rivers, 1 Aruxes, runs from Armenia to the Caspian Sea; and 2 Cyrus. 3 Cambyses. 4 Euphrates, now Frat, a violent stream cut into Channels, least it should drown the Country. 5 A swift River, affording an easie passage in a few rafts, born up with Goat-skins, blown up with wind to Bagdat, running long under ground, in whose and Euphrates circlings lay Eden.

The Mountains Abos. 2 Periardes. 3 Ʋdalespes. 4 Antitaurus. 5 Montes Moschici. 6 Niphates. 7 The Gordian Mountains, or Ararat.

The Towns; 1 Artareta now Corin where the Battle was fought, 1514. which the Turks call the day of Doom; the place called the Calderan fields. 2 Sebastia now Suassia, seated on Euphrates. 3 Tigrane certa on the River Nicesorius. 4 Arcamasola. 5 Cholna. 6 Baraza. 7 Arsarata. 8 Theodosiopolis. 9 Colonia. 10 Strong Clamassum on the Euphrates. 10 Charz made impregnable in three weeks, 1579. 11 Well garrisoned and Ammunition'd Vau, a Frontier against the Persians. 12 Well fortified Arminig held by the Persians.

In Colchis famous for Vines and Gold (E. Iberia, W. Euxine Sea, N. Tartary, S. Armenia the greater) formerly, now the rude people Barter one Commodity for another, with a language of their own; besides the River Phasis navigable eighteen miles into the Country, whence came our Pheasants; was 1 the famous Mart Dioscurias, where the Romans kept 130 Interpreters to correspond with people of 300 Languages that traded there. 2 Phasis, on the same River, now Phassum, the residence of the Turkish Beglebergh. 3 Neapolis and Alvati.

In Iberia, E. Albania, W. Colchis, N. Mountains Caucasus, called so from the River Iberus running through it, now Georgia, woody and fruitful; the people war-like, christened by Constantine the Great, and now divided between Mahumetanism and Jesuitisme, since 1614. is 1 Cremen. 2 Cachete. 3 Triala. 4 Altuncala, or the strong Golden Castle. And the impregnable Archichelech. 6 The large and well fortified Testis Lori, and Tomanis (rich in Corn, Cattle, and Fruits, with Forts commanding all passages.) 7 Glisca and Biscapar.

In Albania, W. Iberia, E. Caspian Sea, naturally fruitfull, affording three reapings for once sowing, where people formerly could not tell an hundred, and understood not weights and measures, or money, reverencing old age, but not speaking of the dead: Gray from their Child-hood, and seeing as well by night as by day, is nothing remarkable; but the Rivers Albanus and Cyrus, and the City Derbent neer the Caspian Sea, now Demircan or Iron Gate with Sabran, and Sancta Maria, all, or most of these places under the Turks.

XXVII. Media, (E. Parthia and Hircania, W. Arm. major, and Assyria, N. Caspian Sea, Georgia. S. Persia, now Skeir-vun, i. e. Milky-plain, where it was a punishment for the Vulgar men to have less then seven Wives, and Women less then five Husbands; their bread of dryed Almonds, their meat wild flesh; on the North side plenty of Wines, Fruits, Cattle, especially horses on the South side; they poyson their Arrows with Oleum Mediacum, so that nothing can allay the heat of the wound but a little dust, converted by St. Thomas.) hath in it besides the River Canac, between it and Armenia major, and the Lake Argis, whose fish dryed by the wind and sun raise these People a great advantage.

In the inhospitable Atropatria between Taurus and the Caspian Sea, whither its thought the Jews Captived by Salmanasser, are placed 1 Bochu by the Caspian Sea. 2 Strong Eres possessed by the Turks, as an in-let to this Country. 2 Shamaki between Eres and Derbent, notorious for a Pillar of Flint-stones, interwoven with the heads of Persian Noblemen set there barbarously in terrorem.

In Media, especially so called, eminent for generous horses, fat Cattle, good Corn and Wine, and and excellent Water; was 1 Ruined Ecbatana as stately as Babylon, formerly out of whose rubbish, 2 Tauris was built now Baronta under the shadow of Mount Oontes, a hundred and fifty miles from the Caspian Sea, opening S. towards a large and spacious Campagne, six miles round built of brick with flat Roofs and Battlements, as in all the East; well traded, and inhabited at least by 200000 persons, with a strong Citadel. 3 Caspin on the Ruines of Arsacia, very conveniently and pleasantly Scituated on a Riveret that serves for necessity and pleasure, but not for trade. 4 Rages. 5 Nasuana. 6 Ardoville. 7 Sultanives ruines and Mosches, environed alwayes with snowy Mountains. 8 The fair Market Tywan. 9 Turcoman. 10 Daman, i. e. a second Plantation at the foot of Taurus, where the Inhabitants think Noahs Ark rested.

XXVIII. Persia, E. India, N. Tartary, S. Sea, W. Media, under the 3d, 4th, 5th, and 6th Clime S. days thirteen hours. N. fifteen hours, healthful and shady; the people half skilfull in Physick, Poems, Astronomy, Horseman-ship, Archery, Magick, and among other manufactures in making Silks and Cloath of Gold; all the Christianity there was planted by St. Thomas. Hath

In Susiana, W. Babylonia, N. Assyria, S. Tygris, called Havilah, famous for Gold Bdellium and Onyx stone, 1 Aracca and its bituminous water easily fired, and not easily quenched. 2 The Ruines of Susa. 3 Elimais rich by Pilgrimages with Sela on the Bank of Eulaeus, that emptieth its self into Sinus Persicus, of so pure a stream, that the great Persian Kings would drink of no other water. 4 Jaaroone inhabited by Jewes Suum and Casa.

In Persis, W. Susiana, N. Media, E. Carmania, now Fars, where some Dates, Palmes and Emeraulds are found; and in one part of it abundance of Roses, Rose-water, Cordovans, Corn, Fruit and Cattle; are 1 Ausinza on the Bay, between the mouths of the Rivers Bagradas, and Brisoana, as 2 is Jona Capolis. 3 Axenia now Lansilla. 4 Shyras raised on the ample ruines of Persepolis (burnt by Alexander in a drunken fit, at the instigation of Lais) neer the banks of Araxes, now Bindimir the Metropolis, nine miles round in a plain, hemmed with Mountains, famous for Gardens, and Mosches with their golden lights, and a thousand Lamps; affording Good Wine, pretty Women, pleasant fruits, and a gallant people. 5 Well-wooded and watered Moyown, N. E. Shyras. 6 The high Mountain and Castle of Banneraw. 7 Berry, a School for the Arabick tongue, &c.

In Carmania, W. Persis, and the Gulf of Persia, N. Parthia, S. Indian Sea, affording neither good Port, nor good coming to it all the two hundred leagues on the Sea-coast, to carry off its poor Commodities, such as Dates, Myrrhe, Arsenie, Brass, Iron, Alabaster, Fish and little Silver; are 1 Cyrza and Gochorta, two Port Towns. 2 Alexandria. 3 Otespana. 4 Armuza, on the shore of the Persian Gulf. 5 Populous Gunbroone. 6 Jasques in Cape de Jasques. 7 Charmania (Chyrman) notable for cloath of Gold, and Scymitars. 3 In-land Lar, and its goodly Market place Mosch, and Cittadel of Mosai{que} work, through this Country Alexander marched after the Conquest of India in a fortnights continued fit of drinking and revelling.

4 In Ormus, an Isle in the entrance of the Persian Gulf (which after a narrow streight openeth to the City Balsora, and is two thousand five hundred Italian miles compass) twenty miles round, affording only Salt, and notwithstanding its so hot, that the people are forced to live in Caves; and so unhappy that they send to other Countries for water; is so well Scituated, that the Wealth of Persia and East India is brought to its great Mart Armuzium (two miles round) in the end of the Isle, and thence conveyed by water to Euphrates, and thence by Boats, or Camels to Aleppo, Alexandretta and Tripolis, till it was destroyed by the help of the English, 1622. who have therefore customes of all strangers that traffick at Gambroon, whither the trade of this place was removed.

In Gedrosia, W. Carmania, S. Indian Sea, E. Gambaia or Guzurat in India, a barren place, affording onely Nard, and Myrrhe, but a poor Village is the chief City.

In poor Drungiana, S. Gedrosia; is 1 Prophthasia now Sistan. 2 Sige or Sigestan. 3 Mulebet. 4 Pharazada. 5 Arvada.

In Despicable Arachosia is no place memorable; but 1 Alexandria now Cabal at the foot of Taurus. 2 Sin.

In Para Pomismus, N. Bactria E. India, W. Ana, dark with hills; is 1 Candabor, the Metropolis of great trade, by reason of the Scituation of it on the borders of India.

In Aria, W. Parthia, E. Para pomismus, where is in some places a strong wine that will keep colour, and tast eighty years, something like Myrrhe and Saphyr: there are now only, 1 Heri or Eri on the banks of Arias, called the City of Roses, very strong. 2 Sasuar.

10 In Parthia, E. Aria, W. Media, N. Hyrcania, S. Carmania, now Arach, nothing but sand, unless it be under the woods, where are things for necessity, none for riot; the people slavish, nimble horse-men, and Archers: the Country not passable for the Sands, were it not for Caus-wayes and Castles at each three miles end; are 1 Hispan raysed out of the ruines of Hecatompyle, called by the Inhabitants, Half the World; nine miles round in a plain with Gardens, Baths, and Mosches, and a cloystered quadrangular market place, well stored with Merchandises, and Drugs; in the quadrangle whereof they use horse-races, and other warlike exercises. Jelphea on the other side the River, inhabited by Armenian Christians for a great Poll. 3 Croom, a large, pleasant, and healthy place on a Riveter. 4 Casham, rich and well built, and filled with Artizans in Silks, Sattins, Cloth of Gold, and Carpets; adorned with a beautifull Caravans Raw to entertain strangers. 4 Tangaunt where the King of Persia hath an incomparable House, for Gardens, Groves, Ecchoes, and Labyrinths, &c.

In Hircania, S. Parthia, N. Caspian Sea, E. Mergeana; the people of which place starve their Parents at seventy years of age; fruitful in pasture, wheat, wines, figs, and other fruits; full of Forrests, and those Forrests full of Panthers, Leopards, Lyons, Tygers, &c. Is 1 Hyrcania Hyrcan. 2 Ashoraffe two miles from the Sea in a spacious plain, containing two thousand houses, adorned with two great Pallaces, the Furniture of one of which was valued by a Merchant at twenty millions. Farabont, on a navigable branch of the Caspian Sea, well-traded, especially by Muscovy Merchants, or Silks, whose ships come from the Volge, which dischargeth it self into the Caspian Sea by seventy mouths in March and return in July; it being from thence to Astracan but ten dayes sail; famous for its Gardens, a Pallace, and a Market-place. 4 Chiachoporo on a River, the water whereof is for eleven months sweet, and for the twelfth salt. 5 The well-watered and wooded Barfrushder and Omoal resorted to by People of seven Tongues. 6 Stava, a Town of great Traffique for raw silk. 7 Mesander, whence the Province Mesandrum.

In Sandy Morgiana, W. Hyrcania, E. Bactria, N. Tartary; besides huge Vines as big as a mans middle, with clusters of Grapes two cubits long, of Noahs planting, as it is thought here; and the City Alexandria, now called Indian; the chief place in the Country neer which is Jasonium on the confluence of Margus.

In Bactria the greatest part whereof S and W. is nothing but sand, which is travelled only in the night but towards the River Oxus, plentiful in wheat, and all grain except Olives, rich Mettals, and some Precious Stones, as Emeralds, Chrysolites and Jacinthes: is 1 Bactria at the foot of the hill Sogdii now Bochor, the Metropolis well fortified and stored. 2 Istigias, the pleasantest City in the East. 3 Eucratidia, Alicodra, Charra Charta, all these under the Persian Sophi, except here and there some places taken by the Turks, and others under the Muscovite and Portugez; the first whereof manageth the Trade of the Caspian Sea, and the latter, that of the Southern Ocean.

XXIX Tartary, E. China, and the Streights of Anian, W. Russia and Podolia, N. Scithicke or Frozen Sea, S. China, and the great wall that parts them, containing five thousand four hundred miles from E. to W. and three thousand six hundred from N. to S. from the sixth climate, till they cease measuring by climates; the dayes being in some places six months, and the nights as long, reaching from fifty degrees of Longitude, to one hundred ninety five, and from forty of Latitude to eighty, i. e. within ten degrees of the Pole it self: The people swarthy, squat, swift, vigilant, hardy, whining when they talk, and howling when they sing; men-eaters, drinking Mares milk, riding Oxen. That Christianity that is there planted by St. Andrew, and St. Philip, and over-run with Nestorianism; thought by Genebrard to be the Off spring of the ten Tribes: Hath,

In Tartaria Precopensis or minor, abounding in Camels, Horses, Oxen, Sheep and Goats, Venison in in their Forrests, and Fish and Fowl in the Fens of Maeotis, with a temperate ayre, about ninety nine Italian miles long, and sixty three broad: on the Rivers Boristenes and Tanais, arising in Russia in Mosco, in the chief City, of which there are 50000 Tartar horses sold yearly; besides that these people with roots, cheese and garlick, eat horses flesh, each Bowman carrying two horses with him to the wars, one for service, and the other for meat.) 1 Caffa neer the Streights [Sterto de Caffa] a flourishing Empory, with a capacious haven, commanding the trade of the Euxine. 2 Preceph. 3 Wel-traded and harboured Corsunum, now Sari Germanum, from the yellow earth thereabouts like Saffron. 4 Wel-fortified Crim (whence Crim Tartars commanding the Euxine, and Lake of Maeotis. 5 Panticapaeum, on the Vospero or Bosphorus. 6 Tanas on Tanais, frequented by the Merchants of all Nations on the Euxine under the Turks. 7 Ruinous, but high Ingirmenum. 8 Oizakow, the residence of the Cham, whose Court in Summer time makes a moveable City of Wheele-houses, called Agara, or the town of Carts neer Podolia in Poland, and part of Muscovy, under the protection of the Grand-Seignior, who recommanded one of the Chams to be King of Poland, in a letter to this effect, that their Pope should be his Pope, and their Luther his Luther, and that he would not put them to the charge of housekeeping, for he could eat horse-flesh.

In Tartaria deserta, W. Precopensis and Russia, E. Zagathai, N. Frozen Sea, S. Euxine, and Caspian; so fruitful, if the Tartars (that laugh at us for living on the top of reeds; so they call our bread) say true, that for once sowing Mill and Punicum they have without any tillage three Returns of both; Few Cities, (they roving with their herds, as the grass holds capable of Merchandise, having a fair sea coast, several Bays, Havens, and navigable Rivers, only Mountains, on the top of which the Sun shines when its night in the Valley) saving 1 Locoppa. 2 Conice, Phanogoria, St. Georges on the Bosphorus and Rha, neer which on both sides there is a medicinal root called Rha Pontiche, to distinguish it from Rha-Barbarum or Rhubarb. This tract inaccessible. 3 Bolgar on the River Volga, neer which is the greatest herd of Tartars, called Horda Magna. 4 Scharaishe on the other side of the Volga, where is no money but brass, no corn but roots troublesome to Muscovy, who pacifieth them with presents, yet keeping continual Garrisons at Casan, Astrachan, and Wiatra, least they should disturb the Russia trade in the Caspian Down the Volga, as they go up and down in herds following the Pole-star, but keeping close for fear of the Muscovite; much delighted in Negromancy and Conjurations under the Cham of Chathai; their delicacies are mice, serpents, and other wormes, and their mansions Caves.

In Zagathai, E. Cathai on the other side of Imaus, N. Frozen Sea, S. Caspian and the River Oxus, between it and Persia; is 1 Drepsa on the Oxus: as is 2 Oxiana. 3 Maruca. 4 Alexandria. 5 Tribarra, not considerable among such a wandring people. 6 Zabaspia, an eminent town, by reason the Inhabitants thereabouts are civil and industrious, good mechanicks, well skilled in manufactories, and very seldom without a great confluence of Merchants, trading on the River Daix, and the mouth of the Oxus. 7 The magnificent Mara-Canda. 8 Well-traded and populous Bichend; and 9 in the wild Turcestan Calba, Ocerra and Crustina on the Lake Kitay, much frequented by Russian and Tartarian Merchants sayling thither by the River Ob, for Bevers, Sables, Seil-skins, &c. and not far hence are the Savage Scythians.

In Cathay, W. Zagathi with Imaus, between E. Sea and China, S. India, N. Tartaria Antiqua, extending from the North Sythia extra Imaum to the South India Extra Gangen nine hundred and sixty miles, and from E. to W. one thousand five hundred, abounding Eastward with Wheat, Rice, Wool, Hemp, Silk, Musk, and Rhubarb on the banks of Volga; besides Camels hair, Chamlets, and such a numberless number of horses, as that they sent eighty thousand at one time for a present to the King of China; and the great Cham feedeth yearly ten thousand white Mares for their Milk; the Air very hot in summer, and very good in winter, subject to wonderful thundering, earth-quakes & winds: their Cham not to be seen without purgations or washing; are 1 Cambala, or Cham's pleasant seat of free-stone in the heart of the Country on the River Palysanga, navigable from the Eastern Ocean thither, whither it conveys a great store of Merchandises and Merchants, and among other Merchandises, ten thousand Cart-loads of Silk from China. Twenty eight miles round, containing among other Inhabitants, Fifty thousand Astrologers. 2 Xandu, the Emperours Pallace, containing eight quadrangles one within another, the least two miles in compass, between whose several walls are Walks, Gardens, Orchards, Fish-ponds, Parks, Forrests, Chases, &c. 3 Fair Caraio and Gouza, where the women are said to guild their teeth. 4 Careanfean, where is the herb called Chiny-Cathaii, an ounce whereof being valued worth a sack of Rhubarb; not far from hence in Serica you may barter their Silks for trifles, for like Quakers they make but one word.

Especially, at 1 Sera. 2 Ottocora. 3 Issedon. 4 Orosana; and 5 Donata: Here and in Scythia extra Emaum, they made carousing cups of their Fathers skulls; where 1 Hiachan is a great Mart. 2 Cialis, a great Court. 3 Succuir, famous for Merchandise. 4 Campion, where if the woman offer her self to the Priest, he thinks it a sin to refuse lying with her, besides other barbarous, desolate, idolatrous, and inchanting provinces and Cities, onely in East Tartary, there are Castors, Martrois, and Zibellons, and other precious skins, besides Horse hair, and the root Ginsen, with which they traffick at Leatony, a Province N. E. of China: of Tartaria Antiqua, you may be sure nothing remarkable, since they are so barbarous, that they will marry no Virgins, but such as have been prostituted by their Mothers to the Merchant-strangers, who bestow on them Jewels, and she is the most acceptable to her husband, who brings him the greatest reward of her shame.

XXX. China, E. Oriental Ocean, W. India and Cathay, N. Altas, and East Tartary, from which divided by a chain of hills, and a great wall extended four hundred leagues in length. S. Cauchin-China, a Province of India three thousand leagues about, one thousand eight hundred leagues long, reaching from 130th to 160th degree of Longitude, and from the Tropick of Cancer, to the 53d degree of Latitude; lying under all the climes from the 3d to the 9th; hot, but healthful: so fruitfull, that it yieldeth three harvests a year, of Wheat, Barley, Rice, Wool, Cotton, Olives, Wines, Flax, Silk, besides their Pearls and Bezoar, all kind of Metall, Fruits, Cattle, Sugar, Honey, Rhubarb, Camphire, Ginger, and all kinds of Spices, medicinal wood, called China Wood, Muske, Salt, Poultrey, especially Ducks, whereof in one town, thirteen thousand eaten one day with another. The people well-set, middle-sized, gluttonous, but cleanly, not touching their meat with their hands, but eating with two Ebony sticks, whence silver Forks used first in Italy, and then in England. Skilful in Manufactories, the Son being bound to follow his Fathers Trade, witness, PRINTING, and GUNNING, its thought first invented there. Porcellan dishes, curious carvings, and their fine painted works in Tables, Leathers and Stuffs, whereof they are so proud, that they say they have two eyes, the Europeans one, and the rest of the world stark-blind: the Women very modest, reserved, and much watched by their Husbands, having invented them a pinching fashion of shooes, that they might have no delight to walk abroad. The Inhabitants reckoned one hundred and seventy million by Sea and Land; the Sea for three hundred leagues from Nanquin to Paquin, being but one street of Ships, wherein they buy, sell, are born, and dye. The People multiplying, because they make no War but Defensive, and are forbid to go out of their Country. Their Religion Gentilisme, with some remainders of Christianity, planted there by St. Thomas. Here are five hundred ninety one Cities Uniform, most on one of their seven Navigable Rivers, whereof the most Eminent are; 1 Qunsoy or Suntren, on the West of China neer Cathai, formerly an hundred miles round, with a Lake in it thirty miles about, containing six hundred thousand Families of Artificers. 2 Unguen and its Sugars. 3 Nanquin on the great River Kuni, thirty miles round, with twelve thousand Ships before it, nine leagues from the Sea; two hundred thousand houses. 4 The Royal City Paquin, walled so thick with brick, that twelve horse-men may go abreast upon the wall of it. 5 Canton or Quamchen, (where is one Herb that is all the Physick of China.) On a Navigable River where the Portugez drive a wealthy trade in the day time, being shut out at night; whereupon they have setled their Mart at Macao, the Port-town to this. 6 Xaokin on the like River. 7 Zuchean, the centre of Merchandise. 8 Hamseau or Hanychen on the Northside of the River Cinithany, within two days Journey of the Sea, affording trade to all the Northern parts of China. 9 Stately Fochea. 10 Coluns, and its best Porcellane. 11 Scianchai seated in a Country that looks like one Orchard within twenty four hours sail of Japan, a great Mart and Harbour, where two hundred thousand persons work in Cotton. 12 Chinchiamsu, on a River that never freezeth. 13 Suarchea, the onely Southern Port of China. 14 Caiton or Caisuuy on the River Kiamy a good harbour destroyed 1642. 15 The convenient Haven Kaianchen on the Southside of the River Croc•us. 16 Chatking. 17 Taitung. 18 Nancheny, besides the two Isles Corea, and Cheunan.
XXXI. India, E. China, W. Persia, N. Tartary, with Taurus between, S. Sea; extended from the one hundred and sixth, to the one hundred sixty ninth degree of Longitude; and from the Aequator to the forty fourth degree of Northern Latitude: affording a double encrease, and blessed with Mines of Gold, Silver, and Precious Stones, with Mettals of all kind, except Copper, and Lead; and Cattle, except Horses, and Fruit, except Wheat and Vines; all Spices, Civets, and medicinal Drugs; besides that, it is famous for all sorts of Camels, Parrats, Apes, Dragons, Serpents, Rhinocerats, and Elephants: The Inhabitants, 1 Indians. 2 Moors. 3 Jews. 4 Tartars. 5 And Merchants-Portugez, Spaniards, English or Dutch: Civil, plain-dealing, proud only in Perfumes, and Jewels, (living on Barley, Rice, Milk, Honey, &c.) The women in Lawn, so fond, that they dye with their husbands, that bought them for a Yoke of Oxen; though they have a barbarous custome, that the Brach-mans or Priests should lye with them the first night they are married; and that of killing their Friends before they are aged. Ten Mountains of Note for precious Stones. Two Rivers, 1 Indus now Naugrocat, falling after a course of nine hundred miles into the Sea in seven months. 2 Ganges eight miles broad in the narrowest place. On this side which is called India intra Gangem. E. Gulf Bengala, W. Persia, and Arabian Sea, N. Taurus, S. Cape Commari; having eighteen or nineteen Rivers, discovered after three attempts by the Portugez, while the Spaniards were busie in making a discovery of the new World, 1502. Fifteen Provinces, and forty seven Kingdomes under the great Mogul.
1 Dulsinga, S. Cambaia, N. Tartary, E. Indus, W. Persia, temperate where 1 Healthy Chusmair in a most delicate and rich valley. 2 the Fort Roree. 3 Sestan. 4 Multun, three leagues from the Indus, the ordinary through-fare of the Caravans in the way from Labor to Spahan, forced to stay there four dayes to enrich the town: good for nothing but Bows and Arrows. 5 The Fort Duchee in the Streights of the mountains to secure the Caravans.

Over against Dulsinda Pengab, where 1 is Lahor, on the Eastern banks of the Indus, the chief Staple for Spices, carried by land to Persia, and by water to Europe. 2 Sultan Puarre. 3 Athec, in the way you come from Lahore to China.

Mountanous Mandao, N. Pengab, where 1 Mandao on the River Mandavo of good note, eighteen miles round. 2 Moltan, where the women go booted and spurred.

Thievish Delly, and its swift Dromedaries, W. Mandao; hath 1 Delly, a great City of pleasure. 2 Doceti. 3 Tremel, on the W. River Mandova.

Well-watered, and rich Agra, N. Delly, and Mandao; where 1 Agra, strong and populous on the North bank of the River Jemena. 2 Decayed Fate-pore, or Feti-barri. 3 Impregnable Hendee. 4 Biani, where the best Indico; for the making whereof here are twelve Mills.

Sanga, N. Agra, 1 Azmor, one hundred eighty miles from Agra, at each three miles end, of which there is an Inn built for Pilgrims. 2 Citor, in the middle way between Surat and Agra.

Cambaia, E. W. Welly and Manda•, S. Sea, where 1 Insinda the first Province thereof is 1 Lawribander in the out-let of Indus, three dayes journey from Geta Negar Tutta (on the banks of the Indus, a town of great trade, frequented by Portugez, who return Pepper for such Indian Commodities as come hither from Lahore) to which it is the Port-town; much frequented, because free from wormes, which about Surat disable the ships. 2 Sarrama the middle Town. 4 Nuraquimire, beyond a desart. 5 Radempoore neer it. 6 Calwalla, given the women to bring up their Daughters to Dance.

In Robbing Guzarate, N. Sinda, S. Sea, E. Indus, W. Persia. 1 Diu, looking towards Persia, in the mouth of the Indus, possessed by the Spice-Traders of Portugal; the first news of the taking of which was brought to Lisbon by Jo. Botelius from India, in a Vessel of eighteen foot long, and six foot broad. 2 Boldra. 3 Medabat, on the Rivers side as big as Paris, much frequented by all Merchants. 4 Ardovat not far from it. 5 Saringa. 6 Poriana. 7 Sherfo, the Sepulchre of their Kings.

In Cambaja, N. Mandao, S. Decan, Surat, W. Sea, abounding in Rice, Wheat, Sugar, Spices, and choice fruits of all sorts, great store of Silk and Cotton, Diamonds, Chalcedonies, Onyx-stone, and Cornelines, or as we call them Cornelians; and the rare Beast Abades, twice as big as a Bull, with an impenetrable skin, and a little horn on their Snouts. Where the people never marry out of their own Trades or Tribes, especially the Banians who are kind of Pythagoreans. 1 Cambaja, three miles round, and from the Indus. 2 Barrocho, S. of it where good Calicoes. 3 Welfortified and orcharded Surat, with its Pomgranates, Melons, Figs and Lemmons, the residence of an English Factory, that hath a great trade in the Bay of Swalley, ten miles off. 4 Neriand and its Indico. 5 Daman, a pleasant town of the Portugez, upon the Sea-side over against Diu. 6 High and impregnable Campanel and Dacaiotote. 7 Netherby and Bandore, great Markets for Brazen ware, Beasts, and Armour.

8 Decan, N. Cambria, W. Sea, on the Sea-Coast for two hundred and fifty miles. 1 Decan, and the rich and well-guarded Diamond-hill neer it. 2 Bider, a Royal City Northward. 3 As Visapore was. 4 Danagur. 5 Sintacora, on the mouth of the River Aliga. 6 The great Empory Goa, fifteen mile round in the Island Ticuarinum over against the out-let of Mandavo, one of the Keys to the Indies, possessed by the Portugals. 7 The Sea-town Chaul theirs too. 8 The beautiful and well-traded town Brampore, on a great River like London, not far from the strong sort Syra.
9 Canara, N. Decan, S. Malabar, W. Sea hath 1 Melinde. 2 Onor. 3 Patticalia. 4 Mangalor all Ports of good trade for Sugars, Figgs, Corn held by the Portugez. 5 Lispor and its quarries of Adamant. 6 Solset, and its Peninsula.

Malabar, N. Canara the River Gangeraco between E. Narsinga, and the mountain Gates between, S. W. Sea, plentiful for Ginger, Cinnamon, Cassia, Pepper, and the Dates that yields Wine, Oyl, Sugar, fine Cloath, and Cordage; and another bearing Cotton, Cypress, and cobweb Lawn, the leaves Sattin and Taffata, besides Apes, Monkeyes, Parrats, and Paraquitoes. 1 Connor, in the Province of Connor, with a fair and capacious haven, much frequented by Merchants, especially Portugez, who have a Citadel here. 2 Cora. 3 Peripatum. 4 Marabia. 5 Main. 2 Calicute, in the Province of Calicute on the Sea three miles, a place of great trade, where the Eastern and European Merchants meet. 3 Chale, a Fort. 4 Chatua. 5 Purtangale. 6 Tanor.

3 Cranganor, commodious for trade, at the mouth of a River in the Province of Cran Ganor on the S. of Calicate, full of St. Thomas's Christians. 8 Cochin, a well-traded, and well-havened town in the outlet of Mangat, in a Province of that name, S. Cranganor forty leagues on the shore. 9 Caicholam, a much frequented Port-town in Caicolam. 10 Caulan neer Caicolam, with its commodious haven much resorted to by forreign Merchants for Pepper and other Spices. 11 Quilacor in Trevandor, whither the Kings of that place after twelve years Reign go, and on a Scaffold cut their Noses, Eares and Lips, and at last their throats.

Narsinga, S. Trevancor, E. Gulf Bengala: here is 1 Cael neer Trevancor, where they fish for Pearl. 2 Golconda. 3 Chamdagrin, a seat-Royal. 4 Perepoi, where at an yearly feast they offered two hundred thousand Crowns. 5 Madura. 6 Chadamburam. 7 Maliaper, or St. Thomas re-peopled, with a Colony of Portuguez. 8 Choromandel, a place of Trade, giving name to all the Sea-coast about it on the west side of the Gulf of Bengala, with Casta, Negapatan, Tarnassari, desolate Bisnagar, and Royal Narsinga, where the women desire to be buried alive with their Husband:

Et certamen habent lethi, quae viva sequatur Conjugium; pudor est non licuisso mori: Ardent victrices, & praebent pectora flammae Imponunt{que} suis ora perusta viris.

Oristan, S. Narsinga, Botanter, E. Gulf of Bengala, a fair Sea-coast of three hundred and fifty miles in length, i. e. from Cape Guadarino between it and Narsinga to Cape Leogorae between it and Bengala. 1 Orissa, on the Sea side, well traded for Rice, Cloth of Cotton, the Stuff Yerva like Silk; together with long Pepper, Ginger, Mirabolins, &c. 2 Royal Cateoba. 3 The weltraffiqued Port Angeli, at the bottom of the Gulf of Bengala. 4 Poor Bacola.

Botanter, S. Onstan, W. the sacred River Guenga, E. Ganges, where the people have ears of a span length, never washing for fear of defiling the water; where is Bottia, Clamur-Kukares (a Staple for the sale of their Cloath to the Chinois, and Tartarian Merchants) Couche, where they kill not their Cattle, but keep Hospitals for them when they are old.

Patanau, N. Botanter; 1 Large, but thatched Patane. 2 Holy and Pilgrim Bannaras on the holy Ganges. 3 Siripur. 4 Ciandecan, on the bottom of the Gulf of Bengala. 5 Satagan.

Bengala, N. Patanaw, E. Pegu, S. W. Gulf of Bengala on the Gulf and River three hundred and sixty miles long hath 1 Bengala on the Ganges, rich in trade for Silk and Cotton, long Pepper, Ginger, Sugar, Wheat and Rice; the people subtil and skilled in Phylosophy, Physick and Astronomy: richer in Pilgrimages to the Holy Water of Ganges, with Gatigan, a well-traded port in the bottom of the Gulf of Bengala. 3 Taxada, decayed in trade by an alteration in the Channel. 4 Porrow Grande, and Porror Pequeno, two Lawless Asylums, with the Islands Basse, Cainam, Islas de Pracel, where was reported such store of Adamants, as drew ships thither, if they were not pinned with wooden pins.

2. In India Extra Gangen, or the continent beyond Ganges is 1 Brama, W. Ganges, N. Cathay in Tartary, E. Cauchin-china, S. Pega, now Barma, rich in mines of Gold and Silver; Rubies and Musk much traded to by Portugez: and there 1 Calam. 2 Bacan. 3 Meranda. 4 Melinta. 5 Prom. 6 Ava. 7 Tangu, and 8 Brama, where is the tree called Moses, which they take to be the Tree of Life.
3. Cauchinchina, W. Brama, E. China, N. Tartary, S. Camboia, rich in Aloes, Silks, Taffata, and other Stuffs, Gold, Silver, Porcellane earth, wrought into China-ware (well counterfeited among us by drawing a white crust on our Potters Earth) Powder, Guns, where is the City Cauchin-china, on a River of China, running into a capacious Bay, with the Island Almo, where they fish for pearls, commanded by Portugez.
4. Camboia, N. Cauchin-china abounding in Elephants, and Rhinocerots or Abades, Aloes, Gold, and the sweet-wood Calumba, where is the well-traded City of Comboia, on the River Mecon, as the Staple for the Commodities of this Country. 2 Cudurmuch on the same River. 3 Coul on the sea-side.
5. Jangoma, W. Pegu, E. Camboia, N. Brama, S. Siam, a barbarous place not observable.
6. Siam, N. Jangoma and Pegu, E. S. W. Sea, a Peninsula, called formerly the Golden Chersonesse, rich in Gold, Silver, Tin, &c. Pepper, Elephants and Horses. 1 Malaca, a noted Empory for the space of two hundred and seventy miles, especially at the City Malaca on the River Gaza, unwholesom indeed, but of great trade for Spices, Oyntments, Gold, Silver, Pearls, and precious stones, especially since the Portugals removed the trade from Sincapura, a Mart neer the Promontory Magnum hither. 2 Johor and Patane, the Queens whereof have been so kind to the English and the Dutch, as to permit them Factories there, 1612. 3 Palo Zambilan, whence to Sincapura, about the Southern Cape, called Cape Liampo, two hundred and seventy miles.
7. Siam, particularly so called, where is, 1 Socatus. 2 Quedoa, and the best Pepper. 3 Tavai, Lugor on the Sea-side. 4 Siam, commodiously seated, and much frequented for trade, and Merchandise on the River Menam.
8. Muantay, between Jangoma and Siam, memorable for the third Empory of the Indies Odia or Ʋdie on the Banks of the River Caipumo, where two hundred thousand Skiffs and Shallops, attend to waft people from place to place.
9. Pegu, E. Jangoma and Siam, N. Barma, W. S. Gulf of Bengala, where besides 1 Verma. 2 Machin, where neither Port nor Haven; is, 3 Orachan, in which Province is; 1 Dianger ruined. 2 Sundiva, in an Island well fortified. 3 Arrachan, on a capacious River thirty leagues distance from the Sea. 4 Martavan, with its chief City Martavan, rich in Rice, Iron, Lead, Steel, Brass, Silver, Gold, Sugar Canes, and other woods odoriferous, and medicinal, scituated on a capacious Haven all the year open; and what is rare, here free from Sands, even in the winter time. 5 Pegu, lying like a Crescent on the Gulf of Bengala, eminent for Rubies, Civet-cats, Lacca (Gum made by Ants there, as Wax is made by Bees here) Elephants, and the best Parrats; the people whereof say, they were begotten between a Dog and a China Woman cast on the shore. Here are 1 Woody Cosmi. 2 Jocabel. 3 Dian. 4 Coilan. 5 Lanagon. 6 Silvan pede. 7 Meccao, (where such goods are unloaded as are carried by land to Pegu) with its strong Castle. 8 Siriang, a strong place in the mouth of Pegu, on whose Banks most of the foresaid places lye; as doth the most beautiful, rich, and well-traded Pegu, in the Old part whereof the Merchants live, as the King doth in the New; most of these places under Kings of their own, that daily make war upon one another, but the greatest amongst them is, the rich, and absolute Prince, the Mogul.
XXXII. The Oriental Isles:

In the heap of Isles, containing fifty three Kingdoms, two hundred leagues; S. on the Sea called Japan, where the people are cunning, ambitious, implacable, hating idle recreations; eating in Physick sharp salt, and raw things; using in salutations to put off their shooe: is 1 Meaco, the common staple of Japan. 2 Ossacy, of great trade. 3 Feno-Jama their University and Banoum. 4 Bongo. 5 Cora, where at least one tooth of their Kings must be interred. 6 Amanga Sequi. 7 Surungo, as big as London. 8 Edoo and Firando, where 1613 there was a Factory setled for the English Merchants. 9 The noted Haven Ochino-famanus.

The Philippines, and the neighbouring Islands S. of Japan, rich in Rice, Pulse, Honey, Wax, Sugar-Canes, the best Figs in the world, Cotton-wool, Mines of Gold, and other Mettals; plenty of Fish, Birds and Beasts: where forty containing a million of people, are under the King of Spains Government, and under his Vice-Roy in New-Spains Jurisdiction: As 1 Lusson with Manilla, a commodious Haven town. 2 Tandair, very fruitfull. 3 Mindano, three hundred and eighty leagues round, where 1 Cailon, Pavados, Sabal, and Dapiro, and westward the Lequins; and Hermosa, lately called New-Holland, because taken, planted, and strongly fortified by some Adventures of that Country; Ciumbabon, where is the Plant-animal.

The burning seven Isles of Bandan, where are the best Nutmegs growing like Peaches or Malacatoons, where are Dutch Factories, and some English Merchants, the place being yielded to the Protection of King James, November 24, 1620, both the Dutch and we taking advantage of their divisions, though they are more inclined to us than the Dutch.

The innumerable Moluccoes hot on both sides the Aequator, affording Cinamon, Ginger, Nutmegs, Mastick, Aloees, Pepper, and especially Cloves growing on trees like Bay-trees, which after the white and the green blossoms when they smell extraordinarily fragrantly, yield red and hard ones; which are Cloves so hot, that in two days they will dry up a pail of water standing in the room where they are sorted; the most remarkable of them are Tidor, Terenate, Macir, Rachtan, Machian, Botone, Poleroone and Poleway; in the former whereof the Dutch have three Forts and Factories to the Spaniards one; the two last are the Englishes, surrendred December 23, 1616 by right, the first the best in the world for Cloves, and the latter for Nutmegs, which the Dutch seized, cutting down the Clove-trees, and the Nutmeg-trees, when they were to restore them to the English.

The Many Selebes, as 1 Selebes properly so called, where Cian or Sion. 2 Nebon, N. and Terelli, S. 3 Gilolo, or Del-moro, well stored with wild hens, and a kind of Shell-fish that much resembleth Mutton; and the Tree Saga, which affordeth them bread and drink. In the chief town whereof Batchame or Batachina, there is a Dutch Fort to defend their Factory.

Amboyna, S. of the Aequator, fertile in Rice, Citrons, Lemmons, Orenges, Coquo-nuts, Sugar-canes, and Cloves, &c. Which hot fruits suck the moysture of the Earth, so that nothing else will grow there. Notorious for the unheard of cruelties exercised upon the English by the Dutch 1618 in that place.

Macassar, W. Amboyna, S. W. Celebes, six hundred miles from E. to W. plentifull of Rice, Flesh, Fish, Salt, Cotton-wool, Gold, Pearls, Sander a Medicinal wood growing like a Nutmeg-tree, the fruit like Cherries, overgrown with wood; there 1 is Senderem, neer a large Lake, very commodious for Traffick. 2 Macassar, an English Factory; there are other places hereabouts, as Sanguin, Terrao, Solor, &c. but not worth a Description.

Borneo, two thousand two hundred miles round, under the Aequator, affording besides necessaries Camphire, Agariche, Adamants; and a people very white and honest, that sit not on businesse till the Moon is up, which they take to be the Suns wife, and the Stars their Children: Hath for towns, 1 Borneo, near a goodly Bay, N. W. 2 The Commodious Cities, and fair Havens of Tajopura, Tamoaratas, Maalano, Lavi, Paro, and Sagdana an English Factory.

South of Borneo and the Aequator, is 1 Java major, three thousand miles round; rich in all Corn, especially Rice, all flesh salted, all sorts of Fowl, plenty of Gold, Precious Stones, Brass of the best kind; Silks, Pepper, Ginger, Cinnamon, and other Spices; the people careless of their words, answering when taxed with it, that the tongue was not made of Bone. The chief Towns, 1 Panacuran, neer a burning hill. 2 Jortam. 3 Ballambua. 4 Passarva. 5 Taban. 6 Taggal. 7 Surrabaia. 8 Catabaon. Unwholesome Bantam of great trade, the English, Portugez and Dutch having Factories here; the principal Factory of the English in the Indies. 10 The good Port Agracan. 11 Sura. 12 Situa, about which there is abundance of Pepper.

Java minor, not so well yet discovered.

Summatra, seven hundred miles long, and two hundred broad on the North of Java major, under the Aequator; the Soil hot and unwholesome, yielding Ginger, Pepper, Camphire, Agariche, and Cassia; besides Honey, Wax, Silks, Cottons, rich Mines, not only of Tin, Iron, and Sulphur, and other Minerals, but of Gold, it being conceived to be Solomons Ophir. The Inhabitants good Merchants, and Artificers, alwayes leading a spare Horse with them to their Mosches, looking for Mahomet to come and ride on him: Here is, 1 Passaman, a town of great trade; but unhealthy as the English know, who have a Factory there. 2 Tecoo, and its convenient Haven. 3 Priamon, all three towns lying in that Country where Pepper groweth. 4 Achen, and the Kings Court. 5 Menantabo. 6 Cambar.

Zeiland, Northwest of Summatra, and its woods of Cinnamon, Lemmons, Orenges, &c. wild and tame Fowls and Beasts, especially Elephants, thought by them Paradise, there being an Hill there called Pico de A•am; the people good Artificers and Jugglers; Here is, 1 Candie. 2 Ventane. 3 Colmuchi, on a capacious Bay, a place of great trade, especially for Cinamon, Gems, Elephants-teeth, &c. well fortified by Portugez, who call it Columbo. 4 Laula. 5 Galle. 6 Tinamaca. 7 Triqui Lemale. 8 Jana Sipatan. 9 Vilassem. 10 Batecolom, neer which Isle, are the Maldivae, and there Maldiva, a well known Empory.

All these places speak the Indian tongue in diverse Dialects; most of the Inhabitants Pagans and Mahumetans, except here and there some Plantations of Christian Converts, by the Spaniards and Portugez.
The End of ASIA.

Directions to find out any part or place in this Book, desired or sought for:

FIrst, You must know, that on both sides the Map, are degrees of Latitude, at every ten of which there is a Circular Line drawn through the Map: Secondly, at the top and bottom there are Degrees of Longitude; at every 10 of which, Lines are drawn through the Map.
Now, if you would find any City or other place of Note, look for it in the Table, and there you shall see what Latitude and what Longitude it hath, which finding at one of the sides, and top of the Map, bringing them till they cut one the other, there you shall find the place.
Example, I would find this City of London; I look for it in the Table, and there I find it hath 51 degrees of Latitude, and 24 degrees of Longitude; which 51 degrees of Latitude, I find at the side of the Map, and the 24 degree of Longitude towards the top of the Map; then I bring them till they cut one another, and there I find the City: So of the rest, note that the degree of Latitude and Longitude must be brought in a circular line, like unto them that are made at every 10^th degree: Withal, observe that Asia, Affrica and America are divided by the Equinoctial Line, and if above it you fail to speed, repair to that part beneath the Line, and expect a satisfaction answerable to your expectation, and suitable to your inquisition.
The Names of all the known and most remarkable Capes, Ports, Beys, and Isles, Rocks, Rivers, Towns and Cities in Asia, with their Latitude and Longitude.

La. Lo.

A

ABescum 41 49

Abiach 39 67

Abian 13 83

Achaba 12 117

Achan 13 157

Achom 6 130

Achom 6 129

Achsiges 42 118

Acor 29 90

Acsamparo 39 81

Aczu 49 129

Adac 41 83

Adaia 14 84

Aden 13 82

Aden 13 83

Admiralitegt Eyland 74 80

J. do Admirante 15 84

Adu 4 110

Advidt 18 79

Agacio 4 153

Agadwa 14 112

Aiaz 15 84

Aiazo 47 75

Alar 41 81

Alarch 40 70

Alba Zichia 48 73

Alepia 39 70

Aleppo 38 72

Alexandreta 38 72

Alibinili 20 92

Alima 31 109

Amansirifdin 20 83

Amasia 41 68

Amboina 3 160

Ambuar 4 132

Ameida 38 82

Amhiou 37 144

Amny 32 132

Anamir 39 70

Anandole 40 70

Anar 39 91

Anari Mountains 57 121

Anathon 42 112

Ancheo 31 157

Ancosi 48 140

Andegen 49 128

Andemaon 14 129

Andemaon 12 129

Chitre Andemaon 11 120

Andinir 39 101

Andragir 1 136

Angel 23 127

Angreadisi 48 113

Angua 39 89

Anguri 41 65

Anjo 17 137

Anna 29 84

Anna 31 81

Annibi 59 339

Annibi Lake 61 135

Antax 21 79

Antiochia 38 71

Aparis 39 63

Apola 22 95

J. d. Aquada 1 167

Aquarma 18 153

Aquita 38 177

Ar 13 84

Arabia 31 74

Arabia & deserta 29 73

Arabia the Happy 20 85

Aracam 21 132

Aracam 24 127

Araptar 38 78

Araseng 39 91

Arassan 39 114

Arast 41 89

Arcanis 39 78

Archangel 62 67

Ardavat 26 116

Arden 32 74

Aremogar 13 118

Argel 15 86

Argia 31 91

Argistan 38 94

Ariader 41 111

Arigal 4 129

Armadavat 23 113

B. Aror 2 147

Asar 20 89

Asareft 41 120

Ascamparo 39 81

Ascor 40 73

Asia 39 71

Asian 30 110

Assen 48 121

Assyria 39 83

Asum 39 82

Asta. 19 91

Astracan 49 82

Ava flu. 28 132

Avarel 12 145

Avias 41 65

Azach 48 81

Ayaman 27 81

B

Babacamber Lake 41 107

Babamum 2 147

Babelmandel 12 81

Babilon 32 83

Babujones 20 154

Bacanois 13 113

Bacasa 5 145

Bachian 1 158

Bacianchi 49 69

Backanta 43 82

Bacola 23 123

Bacora 31 84

Badaglam 39 117

Badits J. 7 148

Bagiodet 32 84

Baha 23 93

C. Bajador 19 153

Baida 68 110

Baino 4 146

C. Baiso 69 68

Balagna 58 75

Bama 1 140

Bancai 1 135

Bar 28 88

Baraichir 31 99

Baras 2 131

Bardacho 41 162

Bargu 67 145

Baroalor 13 113

Baroche 21 113

Baros 2 137

Barvas 5 134

Basiar 38 120

Basora Streights 23 98

Bassiri 28 98

Batavia 5 139

Batha 1 132

Batecale 13 112

Batoch 31 70

Batochma 1 161

Bay la Baya 13 158

Bedgis 32 112

Bedroch 2 156

Bedu 38 81

Begeerten hoeck 75 103

Beil 29 72

Beisal 31 93

Betis 37 74

Ben 29 99

Bendels 31 93

Bengala 23 131

Bengala 22 132

Berdan 31 82

Berdio 10 134

Bereford 74 95

Beresps 41 81

Berghen 72 78

Beron 26 91

Bestan 39 93

Bexinia 51 80

Biancaon 4 148

Bicanapo 22 129

C. Bicay 7 153

Bicheand 42 109

Bicipuri 19 139

Bigul 41 110

Bilato 1 157

Bilther 29 108

Bingira 23 113

Bingul 41 83

Binhachu 29 140

Biron 32 82

Birusen 32 119

Bisnagor 17 115

Bolli 41 65

Boom J. 4 141

Boratay 40 129

Borneo 4 145

Borneo 3 145

Botton 3 155

Coste Brava 19 153

Braimu 28 94

Brema 52 168

Bremia 21 135

Bronsensko 74 59

Browers Sand 4 139

Brun 88 92

Bubutor 23 72

Buchephala 32 123

Buchio 28 149

Buecho 28 155

Bulgar 53 82

Bungo 32 164

Bungo 31 168

Bunilipatam 18 119

Buorno 7 158

Burgian 39 108

Burro 3 158

Bursia 41 60

Busachi 43 80

C

Caba 48 121

Cabail 31 112

Cabarao 11 158

Cabinees 5 156

Cabis 29 99

Cabona 4 155

J. dos Cabores 12 130

Cabu 11 155

Caburo 1 148

Caciasley Lake 41 114

Cadapam 3 147

Cadilipatam 22 124

Cadissa 31 81

Cagia 48 71

Cagria 41 68

Caitachs 41 84

Calatia 29 104

Calamianes 10 149

Calandua 3 147

Calantagu 6 136

Calami 67 129

Calauro 6 153

Calba 49 119

Caldar 31 80

Caldea 30 81

Calecuth 12 113

Caleture 14 117

Calocota 21 123

Cam 33 99

Camafo 2 160

Camaran 17 81

Cambaia 22 112

Cambalu 57 163

Cambava 7 150

Camdaluys 6 109

Cameni 62 92

Campai 1 135

Campamarin 22 122

Campanael 22 114

Campion 59 147

Camul 58 143

Camultan 31 104

Cana 18 83

Canaa 38 171

Cananor 12 113

Canasie 29 104

Cancirao 7 146

Candachnu 21 145

Candati 38 129

Candesbachens 32 117

Candu 5 111

Canduan 38 132

Canfa 29 118

Canfat 29 119

Canai 8 118

Cannahusi 49 92

Canssiend 39 111

Cant 49 103

Cantam 23 147

Catandanis 14 158

Cantao 23 147

Cantogna 22 99

Ab Canucho Primeiro 11 158

Caor 31 131

Capelle 8 109

Caph 37 104

Caracoll 11 131

Carangaro 5 158

Carasan 41 132

Carassa 43 103

Caraz 28 71

Caraza 42 133

Carchi 18 142

Careb 33 89

J. de Carenouba 10 129

Cargai 38 109

Carguth 53 140

Carigare 21 124

Carli 62 140

Carput 39 73

Carscha 21 80

Cartibut 39 79

Carvi 22 93

Casdar 27 111

Casmi 39 91

Cassan 39 94

Casser 42 131

Castelle 42 64

Castri 38 90

Casusa 32 175

Catacora 63 148

L. Catandanis 14 158

S. Catharina 31 71

Cathaya 59 150

Catsnos 64 65

C. Caudinos 68 65

Cax 41 119

Cay 32 173

Cazan 57 80

Cazan 57 83

Cecir 9 135

Cedu 7 112

Ceiram 5 164

Celebes 1 155

Celebi 33 78

Cenaon 4 163

Centos 49 99

Ceram 3 161

Chabacu 41 77

Chabaque 24 121

Chabul 31 113

Cham 54 82

descriptionPage 48

Chamba 12 144

Chanchim 22 145

Chaquoan 10 143

Charabon 5 142

Chaul 19 112

Cheatehu 41 148

Cheche 40 101

Chechio 43 143

Cheng 41 113

Chequiam 31 154

Chesmias 38 124

Chesolitis 49 109

Cheta 38 138

Chialis 53 132

Chiamay Lake 31 132

Chiambuchi 31 151

Chiamchi 29 153

Chianca 58 171

Chiarga 43 109

C. Chichio 47 160

Chiechia 42 83

Chien 24 153

Chieto 41 73

C. Chigmano 31 157

C. Chilac 8 116

Chilmar 31 91

Chilou 31 151

China 20 140

Chincheo 24 152

Chinchio 39 144

Chind 49 112

Chintane 41 62

Chinis 49 89

Chintecran 28 104

Chiom 3 154

Chipichi 47 78

Chiri 41 77

Chirma 29 98

Chirvan 32 108

Chirva 41 78

Chiseri 42 78

Chochloma 58 77

Choi 18 140

Choria 22 131

Chuch 39 78

Chulifu 49 142

Ciangario 57 168

Ciaohu 38 151

Ciarcian 42 122

Ciarn 48 122

Ciarti 51 138

Ciartiam 51 138

Cibinan 29 104

Cieugient 48 113

Cilno 42 63

Cincopa 49 68

Ciorza 63 144

C. Cipaom 31 139

Ciram 31 108

Circan 31 108

Cirote 28 129

Citar 23 116

Clamiata 31 89

Cochinching 19 139

Cochiuway 40 140

Cocman 41 82

J. Cocos 3 128

J. dos Cocos 17 129

Coilon 42 177

Coiscan 27 94

descriptionPage 49

Coix 19 87

Colchistan 38 110

Colgoy 69 72

Colmak 67 129

Colonita 8 116

Duas Collunas 25 179

Com 41 68

Como 27 101

C. Comori 8 113

Condagari 4 157

Condora 62 80

Condu 37 121

Contihu 38 141

Coorica 51 132

Copa 38 95

Cor 38 102

Cor 17 81

Coral 41 139

Coraran 61 147

Cordel 32 121

Canal D. Cordu 7 109

Core 20 85

Corr 33 161

Corsum 42 102

Cortiza 54 66

Corus 42 103

Cosbas 41 77

Cosmay 48 89

Cossin 67 97

Cossin flu. 63 105

Cossinig flu. 62 106

Costa de prael 17 141

Costaque 28 88

Cotan 14 145

Cotarinsto 3 143

Cotelmes 58 81

Cotelnitz 58 85

Couchine 18 143

Couchin 21 140

Covea 22 147

Coulan 9 113

Coulete 11 113

Coylon 3 166

Cranganor 11 114

Cremuch 43 78

J. D. Cubelin 9 107

Cubens 48 82

Cuchencan 49 151

Cuchia 52 132

Cumbor 28 158

Cui 11 135

Cuova 22 98

Curdi 41 77

Curm 31 121

D.

Dabul 18 112

Daga 40 93

Daga 40 94

Dala 19 132

Damaom 21 113

Damascus 32 72

Damixno 20 112

Damma 6 144

Dampini 4 136

Danra 41 118

Dapito 8 154

Daragati 68 38

Daragsi 28 105

C. Darama 4 112

Daramoi 5 141

descriptionPage 50

Ter. Daru 3 132

J. Daru 4 133

J. Daru 5 167

Davisi 49 98

J. da Day 2 160

Dazia 41 69

Deblee 17 112

Deiser 38 93

Delfare 18 98

Delli 21 117

Denace 29 91

Derbe 43 82

Dern 31 94

Desert 58 130

Desert of Belgian 6 155

Devo 38 174

Defina 61 71

Diamuch 42 110

Diarbes 33 82

Diepe Bay 73 79

Dio 21 110

Diul 21 106

Doan 28 93

J. Dodombre 8 128

Dodon 19 132

Dondengam 2 143

Donko 52 66

Doriswal 59 130

Dosal 33 87

Dostian 23 124

Dulcida 28 102

Durate 1 153

Dwina 61 60

Dwina flu. 62 70

E

Eara 30 70

Easso 47 77

Efeso 39 57

Eigen 38 167

Eilag 49 112

Einga 31 166

Eit 32 81

Elagiar 31 72

Elcatie 24 84

Elforga 24 77

Elget 18 82

El pracel 17 14

Eltaif 24 78

Eltor 29 70

Endras 38 117

Engan 28 109

C. del Engano 19 155

J. Engano 4 134

Enseada 18 142

Enseada d. Nanquin 39 160

Eoqui 38 185

Erbel 38 88

Eremige 9 113

Erex 41 83

Erin 51 126

Erste Hoeck 72 75

Eschinaru 41 103

P. Escondito 18 155

Espunce 42 111

Etaican 41 119

Euphrates flu. 33 78

Euphrates flu. 32 80

Exapoli 51 75

descriptionPage 51

Excehia 42 80

Wms Eyl 2 132

Eylant 70 80

Ezina 60 140

F

Farave 107 41

S. Farn 32 89

Farsi 24 74

Fartach 18 88

Feluavia 33 83

Ferber 39 114

Fexi Jonoxima 31 174

Firushat 31 91

Fischio 38 61

Fitachi 33 176

Flores 7 152

Foia 39 57

Forcades 7 152

Formosa 26 158

Fortona 44 98

J.D.S. Francesco Abrolho 5 87

Francesco Gomez 13 158

Frutach 49 92

J. D. Fuogo 28 163

G

Gaga 22 111

Gaibar 24 78

Gaiga 41 73

P. D. Gallo 7 116

J. de Gamo 3 112

Ganges flu. 29 126

Ganges flu. 32 129

Garpia 9 109

Gebrokenhoek 7 133

Genco 42 77

Gerger 41 73

Germop 40 103

Gest 29 109

Geuben 28 73

Gian 40 102

Giang 40 102

Giend 48 109

Gillibar 2 134

Gillolo 1 169

Gillolo 1 159

Gelula 32 88

Giocbach 18 83

Gion 29 91

Goa 17 112

Goadel 27 102

P. de Godonso 18 118

Gonga 29 92

Gonta 58 147

Gor 40 133

Gori 39 131

Gorar 32 79

Goro 47 77

Gout Bay 76 98

Gouro 31 128

J. des Graes 1 164

J. des Graos 1 165

Grigos 38 60

Grufting 58 116

Grustina 58 110

Gubelaman 18 90

Gubu 18 89

Guefu 48 148

Guegasu 52 163

Guiochio 27 145

descriptionPage 52

Guiro 38 74

Guiulap 38 74

Gulferis 32 91

Guzarata 22 111

H

Halibir 20 79

Heemsthoeck 75 103

Heres 32 92

Ser. Heri 38 103

Herin 32 84

Hermana 28 174

Hermate 1 134

Hiamangari 29 164

Hiamchez 31 144

Hianchoan 32 142

Hiechiga 37 174

Hietch 37 172

Hilam 23 140

Himpim 49 149

Hizium 38 168

Hizu 32 173

Hocheu 49 139

Hoci 48 134

Hoe 48 138

Hoatenhu 41 142

Holanu 41 143

Holiemanhu 31 143

Homine 42 70

Honao 39 148

Hontu 42 134

C. Hoquan 56 147

Hoquay 48 138

Hor 22 98

Hoyam 36 147

Hucheanu 28 157

Huchio 43 142

Hunaon 40 150

Hunchiu 31 150

Huquid 27 151

Huquosan 31 143

J

Jaffa 32 70

Jaffanapatam 10 118

Jambog 27 73

Jambut 24 74

Jancoma 19 134

Janpeur 27 152

Jaqueio grande 27 162

Jaquete 22 107

Jarat 7 163

Jaroslaw 58 66

Jasques 28 95

Idumaea 31 71

Jebel 33 79

Jemeri 27 127

Jeria 48 137

Jerom 53 101

Jerusalem 31 71

Jessed 32 92

Iliam 12 138

Ilhas dos Ladrones 31 176

Imaner 40 94

Imaner 40 98

Imene 24 89

India within Ganges 29 122

India beyond Ganges 27 131

Indian 39 104

descriptionPage 53

Indu 29 113

Indus flu. 27 114

Initusu 41 139

Inquehu 23 147

J.D.S. Johannes 7 154

Jor 2 137

Jorgewitz 58 71

Jorman 57 85

Joughoria 57 108

Ira 12 117

Irmainech 48 91

Os fere Irmanas 8 96

Os tres Irmanos 4 94

Irnim 18 82

Isitac 8 153

Corea Isthmus 41 161

Istiaias 41 112

Jubra 64 78

Jubri 63 78

Jubu 28 151

Junno 37 142

K

Kalmucki 49 91

Karkithay 51 125

Kathay Lake 54 129

Kendori 61 89

Kithaskos 58 117

Koloa 63 67

Koy 5 165

L

Labo 3 129

Labor 23 118

Labor 43 122

Lacaoct 32 148

Laghi 16 84

Laiazzo 38 71

Laikheu 41 159

Lamhionuhu 28 147

Lampaca 22 151

Lanchiou 39 139

Landen 1 143

Langeness 71 71

Langoma 13 140

Langor 12 139

Langor 39 99

Lanuu 37 139

Lapara 5 144

J. D. Laqui 26 160

Larkhen 48 119

Lasculipatam 18 119

Lassa 31 87

Lavona 42 71

Laxa 58 165

Lazama 22 81

Lecehi 52 75

Lem 39 89

Lemsa 62 67

Lepin 59 92

Lequeo minor 22 155

Lequeo pequeno 23 157

Lere 43 101

Lesti 53 67

Levir 8 158

Leuri 33 171

Liamhat 31 147

Liamhat 29 147

Liampo 29 157

Liampon 5 137

Liamu 32 141

C. Lianthon 48 162

descriptionPage 54

Ligor 8 135

Lima 27 88

L. Linga 2 140

Lingnou 31 149

Lohares 28 114

Lominato 9 150

Lonati 47 77

Lop 43 122

Lop 51 139

Lop Desert 52 140

Lori 41 81

Loron 29 87

Loures Bay 71 76

Luavenu 22 143

Luca para 5 158

Lucomoria 60 101

Luconia 17 153

Lugor 8 133

Luhu 41 150

Luicheu 19 145

Luienheu 39 158

Luohiuu 38 152

Lurch 16 142

Luzom 18 153

M

Macao 19 132

Macas 22 148

Macasa 5 153

Machacharees 1 153

Machan 19 133

Machia 1 158

Macran 28 110

Macran 27 106

Madrafaher 21 110

Madura 6 147

Maffa 22 92

Magiarahat 21 90

Maglasen 41 98

Magnesia 39 60

Majacca 7 134

Mal 29 115

Malacca 3 135

B. d. Malaga 9 158

Malagindo 39 79

Malana 3 143

Malatia 39 73

Maliapor 13 117

Maliaque 3 153

Maldiva 3 110

Maldiva 1 111

Malerone 8 117

Malgomzua 71 100

Malmi 38 113

Mamoya 1 153

Manahon 29 87

Mancop 2 144

Mandao 27 117

Mandato 16 157

P. d. Mandato 18 152

Mandos 2 152

Mangalor 13 113

Streto di Manhilla 14 158

Manicabo 2 134

Manicapatan 21 123

Manitta 17 152

Manoda 2 156

Manpado 22 150

Marane 32 94

Marareo 18 133

descriptionPage 55

J.S. Maria 8 135

Marib 18 87

Marmareo 56 89

Marthaban 17 134

Maru 42 103

Marudo 8 148

Masaris 48 98

Masbet 51 82

Mascalat 23 87

Masdaron 41 92

Ilhas. d. Masearenhas 2 90

Masuson 39 99

Matacola 7 119

G.d. Matahambre 17 156

Mataran 6 142

J. dos Matelotes 12 169

Matergua 19 92

J. Maurits 9 152

B. May 13 142

Meac 37 169

Meaco 38 169

Meaos 2 157

Mecca 13 81

Mecca 23 77

Mechender 41 133

Media 39 89

Medina 24 75

Medino 39 98

Meelhaven 71 77

Melaxo 39 59

Meligberit 23 122

Meliolzura 33 74

Menan flu. 29 131

Menigiam 28 95

Merdi 38 81

Meret 41 89

Merglan 43 112

Mesagart 41 94

Mesamar 41 93

Meze 65 71

Miam 31 147

J. d. S. Michael 8 149

Micheuu 39 141

Militan 39 117

Mimeud 33 118

Mindanao 7 156

Mindanao 8 155

Mindora 12 152

Streto. d. Mindora 14 152

Mintam 1 152

J. d. Mirabiles 17 151

Mirgun 13 134

Moga 19 131

Mogalachsu 47 119

Mola 5 164

Moltan 23 115

Molumi 32 155

Monfia 8 73

Mongul 60 150

Monpracem 7 134

P. Montano 1 131

Mora 44 100

Morair 21 89

Mordwa 53 76

More 69 71

Morioherinoso 79 156

Moro 14 134

Moscow 53 66

descriptionPage 56

Mua 2 135

Muchi 21 77

Mugia 39 89

Mugora 19 79

Mugu 43 119

Mulchoder 41 93

Mulon 58 150

Multan 29 112

Mus 39 82

Musadali 31 84

Mussu 39 85

Muxentus 48 128

Muy 23 77

N

Naban 29 92

Nabaro 51 77

Nagata 38 164

Nagajanorda 49 90

Nageara 31 73

Naiam 62 136

Naiman 62 140

Nalobriga 28 171

Nanquu 32 153

Narch 30 122

Narsinga 13 115

Narsinga 14 115

Narsingapatam 19 120

Nasasira 3 149

J. Nassau 3 133

C. Nassaw 90 74

Nastma 32 176

J. Do. Natal 8 78

Natel 40 90

Natuua 4 132

Navigni 37 151

Nayn 19 91

Nedachiu 32 150

Negapatam 11 116

Negoar 11 154

Niachu 32 139

P. Nias 7 131

Nibongs 2 143

S. Nichola 62 64

L. D. Nicuba 8 129

Bara de Nigrais 18 131

Nimerdon 41 98

Nisabul 33 108

Nissa 31 94

Nisu 53 70

J. Noba 1 161

Nocum 32 154

Noquiuu 29 148

Nosuiseme 64 66

Nova Zembla 72 90

Novgorod 58 72

Novi 38 172

Novo 32 83

Nubisat 39 93

Nuca 39 64

Nuga 33 98

O

Obaia flu. 68 92

Obea Castle 68 96

Obia flu. 60 99

Obii flu. 58 122

Odia 14 136

Oelebe 7 117

Oirest 30 100

Ombo 8 156

descriptionPage 57

Onde Seperdeo & â S. pedro 1 101

Onon 14 113

Opagodo 12 117

Orasan 38 110

Orsaoan 36 94

Organci 48 101

Orixa 21 119

Orlo 59 85

Ormus 23 94

Ormus 28 93

Osunu 31 165

Ouro 2 127

Ouro 2 125

Ouro 1 121

P

Pagansi 18 153

Pagasa 47 98

Pahang 3 137

Paiachio 30 141

Paiat 39 63

P. de Paiores 18 156

Palalonga 18 118

Paledeate 13 117

Palhor 20 121

Palialiu 39 138

Palimban 2 138

J. das palmeiras 6 161

Palolimen 41 60

Palu 22 117

Panama 12 153

Panber 42 72

Panens 31 98

Panhum 32 140

Panevasion 17 152

Paniamhu 43 144

C. Panimnitue 47 151

C. Paqui 49 152

Para 33 104

Pargicas 3 156

Paris 41 58

Parmangato 22 108

Pasan 4 131

Pasch 41 98

Pascharu 58 90

Pasgema 1 132

Pasir 27 105

Passay 5 132

Patalgo 8 117

Patane 7 135

Patepane 22 109

Paternoster 7 153

C. Patim 49 153

Patines 4 164

Paxadro 20 115

Pazanfui 57 160

Pedir 4 129

Pegu 20 133

Pegu 21 134

Pehiholm 43 141

Peim 51 136

Pemb 48 134

Pemba 5 74

Penacota 18 119

Pepraes 17 131

Pera 5 134

Pergamo 41 58

Perm 57 95

Persia 38 93

The Persian Gulf 29 99

descriptionPage 58

Perton 38 102

Pesarit 42 121

Pesondo 47 73

Petzora 64 84

Petzora flu. 63 86

Petzorke 71 71

Pigneli 51 136

R. d. Pintatos 19 156

Pipilipata 22 124

Pirichemar 41 91

Pitan 39 127

Pitsana 68 78

Pitzora 69 84

Platagena 41 67

Plessa 58 67

Pochio 39 153

Poco 2 147

Poiassa 62 90

Poin 48 121

Polarim 21 123

S. Polo 17 143

Polopoli 38 68

P. Pomam 10 138

Pommaluco 2 112

Ponciam 6 134

Ponda 7 134

Ponodam 17 156

Pontare 8 155

J. Porcos 3 128

Porion 38 101

Potera 38 62

Potigarara 4 137

Costa d. Pracel 3 133

Primeiro Surgidero 12 158

Projaman 1 133

Puacotia 19 121

Pucavaon 3 143

Puelhas 158 12

Pulo 18 143

Pulo 16 144

Pulo 11 145

Punpa 48 134

Puraqua 7 109

Purgicas 3 156

Purtegal 2 153

Puto Condor 9 141

Puto Hube 9 142

Q

Qualisut 27 153

Quancii 23 144

Quancii 21 144

Quancii 28 143

Quentin 43 154

Quetho 8 108

Queviuhu 27 139

Quianchiu 28 152

Quianhu 29 150

Quianhu 29 151

Quiatechiu 32 139

Quibenhu 19 140

C. Quichio 27 141

Quicheu 29 140

Quicocum 32 171

Quilanchim 32 149

Quinchio 51 149

Quincii 49 160

Quanzay 43 154

Quiqui 1 153

Quitu 38 138

descriptionPage 59

Quoda 7 134

Quor 26 153

Quunliahu 31 177

R

Ra 39 74

Racaim 20 111

C. Rachade 3 135

Rachagi 31 103

Rada 18 85

Rahabi 32 79

G. Rama 22 131

Raofa 42 130

Rarass 28 117

J. Rasa 9 128

C. Ras Algate 23 98

Rastum 38 82

Reama 17 85

Red 18 88

Reis 17 133

Remaier 39 123

Renevi 48 114

Resan 53 17

C.d. Resurrection 7 159

Revick 3 133

Dog Reys Magos 27 161

Rezania 52 70

Risa 48 91

Riso 42 73

Rocha 38 75

Roda 40 83

Roda 40 86

Roere 2 131

Rolinogori 62 66

Rost 41 90

Rostowa 58 65

S

Sabar 48 111

Sabochbar 57 97

Sabunra 11 158

Sacay 32 170

Sachamia 50 118

Sachi 43 118

Sachi 28 149

Sachion 53 141

Sachium 41 154

Sagar 21 81

Sagatin 58 94

Saich 48 140

Sakaden 1 144

R. d. Sal 23 152

Salacut 41 89

Salacay 6 153

Samach 47 109

Samachi 41 114

Samarcha 49 132

Samaria 32 71

Sambilon 8 132

Samoieda 68 93

C. Sanci 49 142

Sancit 42 142

Sandelbos 8 152

Sando 38 175

Sanga 24 117

C. Santo 42 152

Sarachiuch 47 102

Saraitak 41 88

Costin Sarg 71 75

Sarubu 18 87

Satagan 23 128

Satalia 38 63

descriptionPage 60

Satan 24 74

Sava 19 84

Scans Hoeck 71 75

Schio 41 58

Schiraz 31 92

Th. R. Sea 20 73

Seban 48 110

Sebolas 17 133

Sebrui 39 98

Sebsoar 39 99

Sede 32 99

Segena 32 174

Semam 32 153

Serberco 38 112

Serchis 30 120

Sereng 30 105

Serent 41 81

Sermangon 91 119

Sernam 12 135

Serot 5 161

Serra 52 159

Sert 38 85

Servan 41 89

Serus 33 103

Shakasi 51 90

Shaysure 48 100

J. Shilpats 6 163

Siachem 31 121

Siagna 1 135

Sian 14 138

Siarant 31 117

Sibescher 31 89

Sibier 61 100

Sibsar 38 108

Sicabo 26 73

Sichio 39 151

Sidon 32 71

Siduscon 24 110

Siduu 39 143

Do. Sierta 26 176

Sieto 3 130

Sigersul 33 90

Sigstan 31 101

Siler 21 91

Siminan 48 108

Simmuan 42 128

M. Sinai 29 71

Sind 28 111

Sindu 27 108

Sirput 33 91

Sisime 38 173

Situala 22 130

Sleg 49 112

Slohoda 59 81

Smirna 39 59

Soar 23 95

Sobar 38 69

Soesen 3 130

Solamas 39 88

Soldinia 39 90

Solonger 4 135

S. Sophia 48 72

Soptha 33 81

Sotor 5 154

Soutan 21 147

Speriamo 2 137

C. Spiritu santo 3 158

Spresp 38 83

Stingui 59 142

Streight of Sunda 6 137

descriptionPage 61

Stranu 42 86

Strelna 60 76

Streltze 61 76

Strupilicas 62 90

C. Suchi 48 144

Suckdane 1 143

Sucko 59 67

Sucuan 31 157

Sues 30 68

Suiatsteo 57 82

Sumatra 2 133

Sumerlange 8 133

Suminat 31 113

C. Sunteh 47 149

Suocuir 58 148

Sura 38 156

Surate 21 113

Surato 9 155

Susdal 58 67

Suva 2 152

Suvas 41 70

Swarte Hoeck 74 81

Sway 21 148

Swithin 31 157

Syday 19 153

Syr 21 93

Syria 33 71

T

Taba 26 91

Tabacia 22 111

Tacastan 40 120

Tach 28 98

Tacho 26 154

Tachmin flu. 64 115

Tacthen 19 147

Tadmar 31 72

Tagalla 18 133

Tagema 5 154

Taichan 39 92

Taingim 62 143

Taman 2 134

Tamanatos 2 143

Tamara 4 144

Tamasa 12 135

C. Tamasi 42 127

Tamenacerim 2 143

Tana 38 169

Tanacerim 11 135

Tanaxima 29 164

J. Tanay 13 131

Tandura 12 158

Tanedare 7 117

Tangara 41 1•9

Tangchit 49 117

Tangonere 9 119

Tanguth 57 140

Tapuiri 52 107

Tares 48 109

Targana 49 117

Taron 39 91

Tarsus 32 92

Tarrar 61 156

Tarvana 12 138

Taskent 51 130

Taskent 49 130

Tasmoha 48 151

Tauris 41 80

J Tazata 69 131

Teachio 33 151

Tebes nising 31 1•5

descriptionPage 62

Techio 31 149

Teid 23 90

Tema 33 92

Temechio 42 148

C. Tenchio 41 162

Tendiet 48 119

Tenduc 58 165

Tepetuet 43 140

Teras 48 110

Teria 48 138

Termen 42 118

Termena 39 117

Terra alta 8 157

Tesca 21 118

Tesech 29 95

Teste 33 92

Theama 22 78

Thum 38 101

Tiachio 48 141

P. Tiago 8 134

Tianchenoy 48 150

Tianchenoy 48 150

Tibique 27 98

Ticko 1 133

Tidor 1 158

Timar 33 91

Timor 7 160

Tinior L. 1 155

Timibacam 28 158

J Tinhosa 18 145

Tiria 39 62

Tislin 42 80

Tolema 31 133

C. Toncheo 51 152

Tonsa 32 168

Tortosa 37 71

Totma 59 71

Totolli 1 155

Tozichu 31 141

Traja 41 56

Trebisond 42 72

Trenalala 11 117

Treno 17 133

Tricomalo 9 119

Troitz Koy 57 67

C. Troost 74 93

Tuba 4 152

Tuban 5 145

Tucajao 6 134

Tulcatam 39 107

Tulla 52 67

Tumen 58 97

Tumisa 23 88

Tursis 39 103

Tuszara 69 76

V

Vacia 39 84

Vacsisatlan 47 118

Vahulitz 60 85

Valanboam 6 148

Vanas 38 107

Var 21 121

Varcend 40 109

Vari 39 88

Vasa 31 84

Vehe 32 112

Velvaling 41 121

Vergut 48 114

Verm 27 129

Verwinter Hoock 74 104

descriptionPage 63

Vesgirt 42 119

Veubia 39 138

Viatka 59 85

Vich 53 76

Viga 37 168

Villan 38 178

Ulache Hoek 5 136

Undis 39 93

Volga flu. 57 80

Voloari 32 172

Vonchia 19 144

Vora 13 140

Voziam 41 132

Usgetia 59 70

Uslinger hooft 75 103

Usting 61 75

S. Ustinga 62 70

W

Waggats 69 90

Wassilgorod 57 77

Weliki perni 69 95

Weliki poiassa 64 95

Wologda 69 66

X

Xamii 48 142

Xana 32 171

Xanton 42 154

Z

Zacabin 61 156

Zacaria 49 70

Zagathay 47 108

Zahaspa 42 100

Zanzibar 5 73

Zeche Sirach 42 81

Zehel 17 88

Zianbenhu 28 157

Zibit 18 81

Zibith 17 81

Ziden 22 77

Zingir 49 72

Zir 31 107

Zitari 17 117

Zizira 38 84

J Zocotora heres the best Aloes 13 90

Zuich 38 89

Zuza 39 101

1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child.

A General and Particular DESCRIPTION OF ASIA.

ASIA
ASIA is the largest and richest part of the Old Continent, lying on the East of Europe. Some Authors derive the Name from Asia the Nymph, the Daughter of Oceanus, and Thetis the Wife of Japetus. Others from Asius the Son of Manaeus the Lydian.
This part of the World is bounded on the North with the Scythian Ocean, on the West with the Red Sea, the Isthmus of Suiz, the Grecian Archipelago, the Sea of Marmara, the Euxine-Sea, the Sea of Zabache, or the Palus Meotis, a part of the River Don or Tanais, a Line being drawn from the most Eastern
winding of that River to the Mouth of the River Obium, by the Streights of Veigats, in the Frozen-Sea. On the South with the Indian and Arabian Seas. On the East with the Ocean of China, and of the Kaimachites.
It is extended from the first to the 80th Degree of Latitude, not including the Isles lying beyond the Aequator as far as the 11th Degree of Southern Latitude, which makes 5400 Mile; and from the 54th Degree of Longitude about the Streights of the Dardanelli to the 154th, as far as the Streights of Jesso, or Isles of Japan, which contains about 6900 Miles. So that Asia takes up a great part of the Torrid, all the Northern Temperate, and reaches Six or Seven Degrees into the Frigid Zone.
Asia hath had many Pre-eminencies above any other part of the World. The Lord of Nature made choice of it for the Creation of Man; there he deliver'd his Laws by Moses, and his Oracles by many Prophets. It was the Native Soil of the Patriarchs, Prophets, Apostles; yea, of Jesus Christ himself. The rest of the World was peopled by Colonies translated from thence. It was the Seat of the most ancient and powerful Monarchies, viz. the Assyrian, which began in Nimrod or Belus, in 1879. and ended in Sardanapalus, in 3178. 2. The Median. 3. The Persian, founded by Cyrus in 3494. and concluding in Darius Codomannus in 3724. from whom the Empire passed to the Greeks, Alexander the Great having conquer'd him in Three Battles. In after-Ages the Parthians raised a powerful Monarchy, which continued 477, or 478 Years, holding out the Eastern Empire a long time against the Romans. From the Parthians it was removed again to the Persians, with whom it continued, till 'twas almost overthrown by the Turks and Sarazens. But it was recover'd again about the Year 1515. by Ishmael Sophi. There are still in Asia these remarkable and mighty Kingdoms, viz. of the Great Mogul, the Great Cham of Tartary, the Kings or Emperours of Persia, China and Japan, with many considerable Princes, which rule in the other parts of the Continent and adjoining Isles. Not only many wholsom Laws, good Customs, useful Arts and Sciences, had their Original in this Tract of the World; but also several Religions, as Paganism from the Assyrians, Judaism among the Hebrews, Christianity in the Holy Land by the Nativity of our Saviour, about the Year 3947. and Mahometanism in Arabia, by Mahomet the False Prophet, about the Year of Grace 620.
The Air is generally healthful and temperate, according to the different Situations of it. In the Torrid Zone some places enjoy a continual Spring, without such Inconveniencies of immoderate Heat, as are met with in other places in that Zone. It is true, the Air is cold Northward, and in Arabia 'tis something hot; but in the highest Degree very tolerable.
Both the Earth and Water produce a great abundance of all things necessary for Humane Life. They have all sorts of Grain, Wine, Fruits, Spices, Herbs, Physical Drugs, Tame Creatures, Wild Beasts and Fish: Silks, Cottons, Tapestry and Purple Cloaths are made by the Persians; yea, they have a thousand Colours which never fade, which we have none of. Mines of all sorts of Metals, but especially of Silver and Gold, are common among them, which are found in such plenty among the Sands of their Rivers, that they need not be at the pains to dig deep into the Earth for them. They have Diamonds, White and Red Pearl, Rubies, Eastern Carbuncles, and a great many other sorts of Precious Stones. Quarreys of Marble, Jasper, Porphiry, Alabaster, Agates, &c. are very numerous among them. Their Seas, Lakes and Rivers abound with all sorts of Fish; and on the Seashore in several places they find considerable quantities of Ambergrease.
Pearl-fishing is used in several places, but chiefly about the Isles Baharen in the Persian Sea, the Isle Manar upon the Indian Coasts, and at Ainan near China: And these sort of Pearls are much valued, as well as those of Japan, which are some of them red. But more particularly the Diamonds of Narsinga, the Pepper and Ginger of Malabar, the Persian Tapestry, Stuffs of Bangall, the Rubies and Lacca of Pegu, the Toys, the Wood of the Aigle •r Aloes, and Earthen Ware of China, Tea of Japan, Gilliflowers of the Moluccos, Nutmegs of Banda, Saunders of Timor, the Gold of Sumatra, the Camphire of Borneo, Sables of Tartary, Cedar of Mount Libanon, the Coco-Trees of the Maldives, and the Channel of Ceilan are not to parallel'd elsewhere.
The most remarkable Seas of Asia, about the midland, are, 1. The Caspian Sea, which bears several other Names from the Cities and Countries it borders upon, and which hath the same Fish in it as the Fresh Water, tho' the Water of it is Salt. 2. The Persian Gulf. 3. Mare Mortuum, or the Dead Sea, which is more Famous than Great. As to the Seas that encompass it, they have different Names, according to the Names of the adjoyning Countries. The principal Rivers also and Mountains I have set them down in the Tables of the first Tome.
The People of Asia have always been great Lovers of Pleasure and Ease, except some that dwell in the Mountains, and the Tartars. They are not usually so vigorous and active as the People of Europe or Africa.
The Four Principal Religions which are professed among them, are, Judaism, Mahometanism and Paganism, which are much more numerous than Christianity. The Dutch, where-ever they come, propagate the Doctrines of Calvin at the Expence of the other Nations of Europe, neither regarding Honesty or Justice to promote their Trade and Commerce. Mahometanism is embraced by the Turks, Persians, Arabians, Tartars, the Mogul's Subjects, and many other Nations on the Continent, and in some Islands. The Greeks also have their Patriarchs, viz. of Antioch and Jerusalem. There are also several other Schismaticks, as, Jacobites, Nestorians, Copthi, Georgians, Syrians, Armenians, and Maronites. These Diversities of Religion do not hinder, but that almost one half of Asia still live in Pagan Darkness and Superstition.
Asia may be divided several ways. Most of the Ancients do ordinarily divide it into the Greater and Lesser Asia. The Greater Asia contains Sarmatia, Scythia Asiatica, Gedrosia, Drongiana, Arachosia, Sogdiana, Hyrcania, Margiana, Parthia, Persia, Susiana, Media, Albania, Iberia, Coletris, Armenia, Mesopotamia, Assyria, Arabia, Syria, Palestine, Phoenicia, Cappadocia, Cilicia, Galatia, Pontus, Lycia, Pamphilia, &c. The Lesser Asia, or Asia Minor, contains Phrygia, Paphlagonia, Lydia, Caria, Aeolis, Ionia, Doris, a part of Galatia, Bithinia, Caramania, Amasia, Adulca, or Armenia the Less. But the Division which seems to me most natural, and suitable to so vast a Region, is that which some Modern Geographers use, which is into, 1. The Continent. 2. The Isles, according to these following Tables.
ASIA divided in a Geographical Order.
Asia hath two Parts.
1. Continent.
1. In the West
...Turkey.
...Georgia.
...Arabia.
2. In the Middle, Persia.
3. In the North, Tartary.
4. On the East, China.
5. On the South, the Empire of the Mogul. And Peninsula's.
2. Isles
1. In the Ocean Southward,
...Japan.
...Philippines.
2. In the Ocean Eastward,
The Molucco's.
...Sindae.
...Ceilan, Maldives.
3. In the Mediterranean Sea,
...Cyprus.
...Rhodes.
...Metelene.
CHAP. I. A Description of TURKY in ASIA.
CHAP. II. GEORGIA: Or, GEORGIE.
CHAP. III. ARABIA.
CHAP. IV. PERSIA.
CHAP. V. TARTARY, TARTARIA.
CHAP. VI. CHINA, or the Kingdom of the Sinae.
CHAP. VII. The Empire of the GREAT MOGUL.
CHAP. VIII. The Peninsula of INDIA within GANGES.
CHAP. IX. The Peninsula of INDIA, beyond GANGES, or Zirbad.
CHAP. X. The ISLANDS belonging to Asia.
THE Islands belonging to Asia are either in the Ocean, or Mediterranean Sea, or in the Graecian Archipelago. Some of them are subject to the several Kingdoms upon the Continent, others have Kings of their own; as you will find them distinguished in the following Heads.
JAPON. Japonia.
The Isles of Thieves, or The Isles of VELAS.
THE Isles of the Thieves. which the Spaniards call the Isles of Velas, are situate at the farthest Eastern point of the Old Continent, between the 7 and 21 D. of Northern Latitude, and between the 184 and 188 D. of Longitude. They reach from South to North, and make an Archipelagus, called that of S. Lazarus, which separates the Eastern Ocean from the South, or Pacifick Sea. The Spaniards, which inhabit the Philippine Islands, have called them lately the Islands of Mary and Ann, in honor to their Queen. The famous Magellanus discovered them in 1519, or 1520, and gave them the Name of the Isles of Thieves, to shew the inclination of those Islanders. Some Travellers count 50, others not above 15, or 20 of them, who say, that they are barren, and the Inhabitants of them poor.
The PHILIPPINE Islands.
The MOLƲCCO's.
Of the Isles called SYNDAE, or Sunda.
The Isle of CEILON, Ceylanum, or Taprobana.
The MALDIVES. Maldivae Insulae.

As to the Islands that lye in the Red Sea, I shall speak of them in treating of Africa, to which they do belong; and shall conclude this part with the Islands that lye in the Mediterranean Sea.
The ISLES lying in the Mediterranean Sea.
THE Principal Islands of the Mediterranean, which belong to Asia, are Cyprus and Rhodes.

The ISLANDS of the Archipelago, or Aegean Sea.
IN the Aegean Sea there are some of the most considerable Islands, which belong to Asia, of which our Method engages us to speak in this place.
The Isle Metelino, antiently called Lesbos, and in Latin Mitylene; is in the Graecian Archipelago, situate in the 55 D. of Longitude, and 70 of Latitude. It is in compass about 45 leagues; it belongs to Troas. It takes its Name from the chief City. It hath two considerable Ports, Geramia, and Caloni. The Venetians had it under their Government heretofore; but ever since Mahomet 2d, the Turks are Masters of it. The Revenue of this Island consists in Grain, Fruits, and Cheese. The Wines are very excellent. It hath Marble and Agates in it.
Scio, Chios, lyes on the South of Mitylene, and North of Nicaria. It is parted from Natolia by the Streight of White-Cape. It is about 30 leagues round, and produces abundance of Mastick. It hath plenty of Springs, and some Rivers, which make it fruitful in all things, but especially in Citrons, and Oranges; Oyl is very plentiful there, as well as Turpentine, which they gather by cutting certain Trees, as they do also Mastick. They have also a great number of Quails and Partridges.
The Isle of Samos lyes South East of Scio, in circuit about 20 leagues. The Samians, as Aulus Gellius reports, found out Pot-earth, which is miraculous. This Isle is fruitful in all things, except Wine.
On the South of the Isle of Samos, lyes the Isle of Cos, or Lango; Coos, containing about 30 leagues in circuit; it is famous for the Temple of Aesculapius, and the Birth of Hippocrates and Apelles. It affords fine Cypresses, Firrs, and large Oaks; plenty of Rivers and Fountains, which make up the River Sofodine. The chief City of it is Arangio, on the Levant side.
The Isle of Pathmos, at present called Palmosa, is not so big as the former, but yet not less famous for the Banishment of S. John the Evangelist, who wrote his Revelation• there. In it there is a fine Monastery, built in honor of this Evangelist. It abounds in Pulse, Corn, Fruits, Pasture, several Physical Simples, especially Lawrel. There are also several Veins of Metals.
Nicaria, antiently called Icaria, from Icarus the Son of Daedalus; is about 15 leagues in compass. It can't be approached by any Ships, because it hath no Haven. The Soil is barren, and the Inhabitants build their Houses upon Rocks; which are about 3000, all poor and ill cloathed. They are employed in swimming, and drawing Sponge out of the Sea.
Tenedos is about two leagues from the antient Troy, and near the famous Promontory of Sigaeum, which is now called Cap de Janizari. The Turks took it from the Venetians; they have excellent Muskadine, and plenty of Melons, which keep all the Winter.
The Isle Calamo, Claros, is one of the Cyclades, the highest of them; it was antiently well peopled, as we may know from the Marbles, Pillars, and other Ruines near the Castle of Calamos.
The Isle of Delos, now Sdille, is one of the Cyclades, and famous for the Birth of Apollo and Diana; the first of which hath a very beautiful Temple dedicated to him there. There is now but one City of Note, which is Sdilles, now but little inhabited.
Paros, or Pario, is one of the Cyclades, famous for its White Marble, veined. The Venetians had it a great while, but the Turks took it from them with the Negropont, in 1470. There are several remarkable Antiquities in it.

Asia

Contents

Sources from old books

1578. A booke called the treasure for traueilers by William Bourne.

1635. Historia mundi: or Mercator's atlas. London. by Gerhard Mercator.

1638. The merchants mappe of commerce wherein by Lewes Roberts.

1682. Cosmography and geography in two parts by Richard Blome

1685. Geographia universalis: the present state of the whole world by Pierre Duval.

1652. Cosmographie in four bookes by Peter Heylyn.

I. Asia minor

II. Fruitful Bythinia

III. Galatia, or Chaunger

IV. Paphlagonia

V. Phrygia the less

VI. Mysia

VII. Phrygia the greater, or Aidin-Ills

VIII. Armenia

IX. Cappadocia

X. Asia, properly so called

Directions to find out any part or place in this Book, desired or sought for:

1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child.

Navigation menu

Asia

Sources from old books

1578. A booke called the treasure for traueilers by William Bourne.

1635. Historia mundi: or Mercator's atlas. London. by Gerhard Mercator.

1638. The merchants mappe of commerce wherein by Lewes Roberts.

1682. Cosmography and geography in two parts by Richard Blome

1685. Geographia universalis: the present state of the whole world by Pierre Duval.

1652. Cosmographie in four bookes by Peter Heylyn.

I. Asia minor

II. Fruitful Bythinia

III. Galatia, or Chaunger

IV. Paphlagonia

V. Phrygia the less

VI. Mysia

VII. Phrygia the greater, or Aidin-Ills

VIII. Armenia

IX. Cappadocia

X. Asia, properly so called

Directions to find out any part or place in this Book, desired or sought for:

1695. Thesaurus geographicus a new body of geography by Abel Swall and Tim. Child.

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